Vicifons:Scriptorium

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Hac pagina scriptorium Vicifontis est.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;Nunc iam sunt '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' paginae. Hodie '''{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}'''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
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'''(DE)''' Neue Nachrichten dürfen auf Latein, Französisch, Englisch oder Italienisch gestellt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(EN)''' You can write a new message in Latin, French, English or Italian.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(FR)''' Vous pouvez écrire en latin, en français, en italien ou en anglais.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(IT)''' Potete scrivere in latino, italiano, francese o inglese.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(ALIAE)''' ''Aliis linguis uti potes, sed noli iubere nos facile eas intellegere''
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'''[http://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Vicifons:Scriptorium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new   Quaestio nova]'''
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''Ut sententias antiquiores legas vide [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera]]''
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|[[Image:Forum-de-César.jpg|right|210px]]
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif&quot;| '''Scriptorium Vicifontis'''&lt;br/&gt;
----
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; font-family: sans-serif; background-color: #e4e4c9; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0&quot;|'''Alia scriptoria''' 
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'''[[w:la:Vicipaedia:Taberna|Vicipaedia:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[q:la:Vicicitatio:Taberna|Vicicitatio:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[wikt:la:Victionarium:Taberna|Victionarium:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[mul:Wikisource:Scriptorium]]
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__TOC__

== IMPORTANT: Admin activity review ==

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# [[User:Barbaking]] (bureaucrat, administrator)

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== Request for updating the text of the Clementine Bible ==

Two months ago, at [[Disputatio:Vulgata Clementina#The Clementine Vulgate Project dead?]] I noted that the links related to ''The Clementine Vulgate Project'', the main source used for the text of the [[Vulgata Clementina]], were dead.

Fortunately, the list of changes made since the import of on Wikisource can be found [https://web.archive.org/web/20240122025223/https://vulsearch.sourceforge.net/clemtext.rss here]. There is also [https://bitbucket.org/clementinetextproject/text/downloads/ a repository] (although I am not sure if it is up to date).

I have no experience in programming or making imports. So, could someone please update the text of [[Vulgata Clementina]] of Wikisource to use the latest version of ''The Clementine Vulgate Project''? [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 10:01, 23 Februarii 2025 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Ser be etre shi|Ser be etre shi]] Are you able to help with this? Ping in case so. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:27, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] Just checking these look like quite a small number of changes, is that right? It may be easiest to do these manually. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:38, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock}} well, my Latin is almost nonexistent, so I cannot do it myself sadly. [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 18:21, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

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== Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s) ==

On EN wikisource, they have a template &lt;nowiki&gt;{{longs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to produce ''ſ'' on the transcription page, and by default, ''s'' on the ebook page. users on EN WS can toggle these on and off. 

In this book, [[:la:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']], there are a number of unusual characters that could do with toggling: ''ſ (s); ß (ss); ẽ (en / em) ũ (un / um) æ (ae) ę (ae) õ (on / om) ã (an / am) œ (oe)''. ([[:formula:ls]] already exists here for ſ, and some other characters semi-implemented at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] but the toggling is not switched on.)

In order to implement this:

(1) What would LA WiCategoria:Formulae litterarumkisource need to enable for user toggling of special characters?

(2) Who would I contact (assuming this is an admin task)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:06, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)

:It looks like it would need this installing, as a start: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:13, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|OrbiliusMagister}} as the only active magister! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:16, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|SZC 03}} in case you have an opinion (you made changes at the De Pricipia transcription project which we could implement better with this toggle feature). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:31, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::I would like to point out that not all of the listed characters are of the same kind: 
::* ſ is a variant of s; 
::* ß, æ and œ are [[:w:en:Ligature (writing)|ligatures]] of ſs, ae and oe respectively ([[:w:en:E caudata|ę]] can represent both ae or oe); 
::* ã, ẽ, õ, ũ are used to indicate [[:w:en:Scribal abbreviation|abbreviations]].
::Personally I think it would be somewhat useful to implement the toggle feature only for æ and œ, since of all the ligatures they are the only ones that carry some meaning (that ae or oe in that word is a diphthong) and the only ones that easily show up in search results and correctly displayed in web-browsers.
::Note that both English and Italian wikisources in their transcription guidelines take in consideration the ability of both modern readers and search engines to correctly interpret the character shown (see [[:en:Wikisource:Style guide/Orthography]] and [[:it:Wikisource:Convenzioni di trascrizione]]). Though it would be useful to write rules specific to the Latin wikisource.
::I hope these considerations were of any help. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 07:58, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::In regards to the [[Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']] it would be appropriate to encode the text in a way that we do not lose your work of accurately transcribing the above characters, while still showing to the end user a normalized form. My edit was trying to achieve this with the templates currently in wikisource.
::From a technical standpoint, it would be useful to have a general template not specific to any character that could be used both in ''ad hoc'' situations, and in creating other templates.
::Also if such a template is created for abbreviations it should behave differently from the long s and ligatures, since 1) the text displayed is context dependent, and 2) it is common use in diplomatic transcriptions to show the abbreviated characters in parentheses (so I were taught in paleography class). 
::To give an example of point 2 from the text ([[Pagina:Nicolaus_Machiavellus_De_Principe.pdf/69|page 45]], line 11):
::Original text: Iãq́ꝫ
::Diplomatic transcription: Ia(m)q(ue)
::Standard transcription: Iamque  
::I’m sorry for the lengthy comments. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:02, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I agree something adhoc would be helpful. The template would need to specify 
:::* the text as-is and
:::* the modernised version
:::and hopefully there would be a system to pick up which to display.
:::In terms of the display: this could be the js system, perhaps adapted, that we have on en.ws, or possibly it could be an adjustment to the page templates set up, to allow two different books, or sets of pages, to be presented. This would have the advantage that exports would facilitate both (IDK but suspect that exports support the default rather than user choice). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:48, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I have set out this information in a [[Usor:JimKillock/Orthography|table]] including information about dictionary lookups and likely search engine issues. In short, from a user perspective, all the characters can be problematic, but æ and œ work within Alpheios for dictionary lookups, so are a bit more tolerable than the others from a default perspective. However I think it is useful tobe able to see and use the originals for some people, eg those practicing reading Renaissance scans etc; or researchers or academics looking to use source texts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:09, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|Alex brollo}}, {{ping|VIGNERON}}, {{ping|Candalua}} in case you can help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:38, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] Interesting question. I'll take a look to the ensource template to understand how it works (I hope it is not based on javascript). [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 06:18, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I’m afraid it is based on javascript: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]]
:::To see the button you have to enable the [[:en:Help:Gadget-Visibility|Visibility gadget]]. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:12, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] checking in whether we can implement this, or find another solution. I am holding off further changes until I know how to proceed - but I am sure there should be a way to do this! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:40, 19 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Noting this question comes up again at [[:Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]] (I have [[Disputatio Libri:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|left a note there]]). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:08, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::OK, I have developed templates as this is holding up other people's work. I have based each template on the existing [[:formula:ls]], and avoid duplicating those that already exist using the same method at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. Meantime if anyone has further thoughts about using Visibility Gadget or going another way, I would be very grateful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:02, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::@[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] I have made a very basic template for flexible character switching at [[Formula:Scr]]; this returns the first entry on the book page, and the second in main space, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|qꝫ|que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; would work the same as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
:::::However there is advice on ENWS not to use characters but use HTML entities for CSS reasons, so it is probably better for users to use specific templates. For example, I also created &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; which allows a user to decide what it might best represent, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|;}} or {{po|?}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
:::::In general, using set templates like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}, {{em}}, {{um}}, {{etc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; is much easier for proofing, so I think I will continue to add these where it seems useful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:29, 24 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi folks, so that you know, I have made something of a workaround to be able to enable these features, which works well enough for me. I will perhaps add some guidance somewhere. What I have done:
::::::# Installed the font Garamontio, as it has the qꝫ character, and all the possible ligatures
::::::# Created custom css to apply Garamontio to Wikisource as a whole;  at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css]]; and
::::::# Created (vibecoded) custom javascript at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]]
::::::The second script looks for the various spans with the css style typographic-long-s, and replaces the characters as appropriate. This seems to work surprisingly well, Garamontio does all of the discretionary ligatures etc, and is a very well designed font (fork of EB Garamond, with some extra touches useful here). The issue is of course that this applies to the whole of Latin Wikisource all of the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:35, 25 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]], reading this I wanted to tell you that you could apply styles to a index page, but I see you have already figured it out. Kudos on your progress. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 09:56, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks @[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]]; my list of scribal transformations has got quite long tho. And I need to check on the possible logic of it, some needs to hide and unhide, rather than search and replace. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:08, 15 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 03:08, 28 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== Administrator backlog? ==

Hi there,

I am noticing a lot of pages that say that the current version is not checked; and versions I have amended are not (apparently) displayed because they need approval. Am I right in assuming this is due to a lack of (active) administrator time? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:53, 30 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Relatedly @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] / @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] / other admins, [[Colloquia familiaria]] has an old index page and other old sub pages which could do with changes being approved. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:58, 12 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Ping on this, some of the sub pages are quite broken. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:42, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:I have tried to fix the lack of text in ePub export for [[Noctes Atticae]].
:Unfortunately, it seems that all my submissions require approval (last approval seems to have taken place more than five years ago).
:Is there any way to have &lt;code&gt;class=&quot;ws-export&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to the second &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;table&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; from [[Noctes Atticae]]?
:Many thanks for your help, [[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 19:09, 15 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Mnemonics Book in Latin ==

Dear all,

Over the past month, with the help of others, I’ve been compiling a list of older and often overlooked books on mnemonic techniques available on [[:en:Portal:Mnemonics|Wikisource English]]. Many of these works—some dating back decades or even centuries—offer fascinating insights into how memory has been understood, trained, and improved across different cultures and time periods.

I've recently added a new section to the portal: &quot;Multilingual Works on Mnemonic Techniques.&quot; This is in part because several of the English-language texts reference related works in other languages, particularly Latin.

Unfortunately, many of these referenced works are written in Classical Latin, and my ability to work with them is quite limited—I’ve done what I can, but they remain largely inaccessible to me.

If anyone has expertise in Classical Latin and might be willing to help with these texts, your assistance would be greatly appreciated.

* ''[[:la:Foenix|Foenix]] by [[w:en:Peter of Ravenna|Peter of Ravenna]]'' (1491)
* ''[[:la:Congestorium Artificiose Memorie|Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]'' by Johann Horst von Romberch (1533)

[[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032259.jpg|150px]][[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032269.jpg|150px]]

Here is a discussion form on it 

https://forum.artofmemory.com/t/johannes-romberchs-congestorium-artificiose-memorie/30174

Warm regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 23:15, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, I could help proofing texts you have prepared perhaps? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:: Thanks for offering—I’d really appreciate your help with proofreading.
:: We have two books. Which one would you like to start with?
::*[[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
::*[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]]
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:49, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I can do the pages you have put into the first, as a start for you. BTW the transcribed text does not always look like it originated from the source. It is very correct, but some has different orthography and missed certain parts. That is fine of course if we are correcting to the original. (PS: you might want to create a user account so that you can be notified of replies, hide your IP address, etc). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:57, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I had a go at the first page or two; some of the orthography was removed while other parts were kept. I kept all of it as a first go. See the discussion above about how we treat orthography, hopefully we can address this with templates. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:11, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I'm using Google OCR and some AI tools to pull out text and sometimes translate it into English so I can understand it. If anyone could help me proofread or check it, I’d be super grateful! [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 00:50, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I have added all the templates we need for the special characters / orthography, I will start doing the pages with those. The end result will be that on the main space ebook pages, the chars will toggle on and off, at least once that is properly implemented. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:25, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Noted, sounds good. I’ll try adding to the other pages next time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:10, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:44, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== [[De Principe]] ==

Si vis, quaeso, me adiuva ut liber novus ''[[De Principe]]'' correctus sit et erroribus liber. Nuper completus, ab aliquo alio corrigendus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:14, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== Latin incunabula and other early books ==

Expanding a bit on what I mentioned above, re character toggling, and also working on the books [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
* the Transkribus Latin Incunabula scan does a great job on the heavy gothic style print
* I will see how it does with more Garamond-style texts, in case it works with these
* I have developed a fairly full set of templates for scribal characters, see [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
* I am thinking about using a bot to wholesale search and replace long s, and other scribal characters mapped there
Between these things, the work to transcribe and correct early printed Latin books should be very much reduced. If anyone feels like helping test this out, do give me shout. Meantime I will run tests on Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae to check how well the bot system works. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:50, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:The folks at Wikisource helped create a JS solution for this, see [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]]. The script does a search and replace for what is needed, on the '''first save of a new book page'''; these are the settings for the Incunabula style section of [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|this scan, p 52 onwards]]  for [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]. It seems to work very well and is extremely labour saving! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:59, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== Navigation and validation ==

Hi there, 

I would like to do some work on navigation, to provide some &quot;portal&quot; pages similar to EN Wikisource. For example, this would help with learner texts a lot 9I often get asked how to find these texts, I point to the category pages, but these are very basic.

I would also like to know what we should do about page validation. Some really necessary changes are currently languishing in the backlog. This is an admin only task: should we asking for more administrators, or is this something existing admins here can take on? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:08, 13 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi {{U|JimKillock}} good idea, don't hesitate to start and/or ask for help. That said, I'm not sure to see why this is an admin task (even if, yes, the underlying point is true, we need more admins). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:31, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think the Portal namespace and some modules need setting up which require admin permissions, I will dig a bit further and come back to you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 12:46, 14 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikisource, including this Wikisource, during the '''week of August 25th'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this Wikisource. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''all Wikipedia, Meta, Wikidata''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|disputatio]]) 15:40, 31 Iulii 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
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== All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae ==

I was looking for templates/formulae by looking at &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

All pages in [[Liber:Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Many (all?) pages in [[Liber:Gallia Christiana, 1715, T1.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, like article [[Gallia Christiana 1715 01/Epistola2]]

These all use [[Formula:Sidenotes begin]]. There is one &quot;[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;oldid=79709&amp;diff=cur pending change]&quot; on this template. But that change puts the category outside the noinclude.
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Please either reject the change or move the categoria line. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:17, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], I don't think anyone from the admins is monitoring or actioning pending changes currently. (see discussions re admin queues above.) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:29, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Shenme}} {{done}} I excluded the categories. {{ping|JimKillock}} no blame but be careful next time, categories should always be excluded. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:28, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|VIGNERON}} It wasn't @JimKillock who made [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=79709 the problematic change], but someone else [[Usor:Ceciliawolf]]. I noticed the problem, he included the problem a list that got your attention. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 02:46, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|Shenme}} yes, but [[Special:Diff/236794]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 06:57, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Request for admin status ==

Hi all, given that we have quite a lot of admin requests (mostly relating to &quot;pending&quot; changes), I would like to request administrator status so that some of these can be cleared. If anyone else wants to step up to help out, that would also be welcome. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:23, 1 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Ping to @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], @[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]]:, @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]:, @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]]:  in case you feel able to support my request. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:57, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi {{U|JimKillock}},
::I apparently missed it, where do we have « a lot of admin requests » ?
::That said, one more admin is always good, so create the request and I'll support it.
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:34, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]], 
:::Thank you! On the admin requests, on this page, here are these
:::* [[#All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae]]
:::* [[#It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace]] (which you have replied to)
:::* [[#Navigation and validation]]
:::* [[#Administrator backlog?]]
:::* [[#Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s)]] (altho this has been worked around and may not be needed)
:::Most of these relate to the ''Pending changes'' backlog in various ways; two are requests for new features / modules to be ported across. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks, I see. It doesn't look like a lot to me, I'll try to deal with it today. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:27, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thank you @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] :) You could also take a look at the pending changes on [[Formula:Pagina_prima/Novae_Aetatis]] and [[Moriae encomium]]. The really big job is going through [[Specialis:PendingChanges|pending changes]] altogether - I understand there is a five year backlog. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:36, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see... I had a quick look and all changes seem good. Do we even need this extension on Wikisource? Also, if we keep it, I guess we need more reviewers rather than admins (more admins would be useful too, but that's a separate point). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 10:35, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Of course, the request needs to be supported; without active administrators it is very inconvenient. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:21, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::What do you need us to do? BTW, it would be great to know why edits require administrator approvals. Sorry, but I‘m afraid this makes contributing almost pointless. Many thanks for your help, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 14:15, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::So there are two reasons it would be helpful for me to be an admin; one is if we carry on with the approval system (it looks like we will not) and the other is around updating or adding certain components, modules for example. There may be other tasks I am not aware of that I could help with, but these are the ones I know about. Implementing Portal pages for example needs some work by an admin AIUI.
:::@[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] your question re edits needing approval is [[#Do_we_need_to_approve_changes_to_pages|addressed below, here]]. 
:::In terms of what you / others need to do, it seems that if there is a consensus to allow me administrator permissions, then a bueaucrat user would implement it (I mistakenly opening a request at meta, and they referred me back here); so we just need to have your views, yes, no, maybe, etc. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:01, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::The page [[Vicifons:Magistratus]], intended for promotion, seems to be protected; I couldn't edit it (''petitio grapheocrat'''ae''''') and add a category ([[:Categoria:Usores]]). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:23, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks, it seems editable now so I [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Petitio_magistratus|added my request there]], if anyone wants to support it. Regarding ''grapheocrates -ae'', how is this declined? Is it otherwise treated as a masculine first declension? Thinking it ought to be added to Wiktionary as it is missing from there. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:00, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::This is [https://archive.org/details/calepinusnovus2002/calepinusnovus2002-french-latin/page/n23/mode/1up?q=grapheocrates from Licoppe and Eichenseer]. Yes, this can be added to Wiktionary, I have no experience editing there. Thanks for the corrections, today the system let me in, but yesterday for some unknown reason it didn’t let me in. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:53, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thank you and no problem. I can add to Wiktionary I hope; is the plural therefore ''grapheocratae''; and is the singular ''grapheocrates'' or ''grapheocrata''? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:14, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Yes, of course. They took the Modern Greek word γραφειοκράτης. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:41, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Great, after a bit of struggle that is at [[:en:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] and  [[:la:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:43, 7 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace ==

It would require someone with interface admin status to create [[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index data config.json]] to replace the current index form parameters ([[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index attributes|very old system]]) with special care to not mass delete information by unadvertedly changing some parameter's name. [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Proofreadpage_index_data_config.json Example from the English Wikisource]. If someone wants to help, please contact me. Regards! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 02:10, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]], potentially - if I have admin status :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:54, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Ignacio Rodríguez}} I did a test (by copy-pasting the English page), it works, so no need to be interface admin, being admin is enough.
::I only half understand that paramater page, could you give me the actual content expected ?
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:38, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::I don't remember all the details but I worked on that page in the Spanish Wikisource almost a decade ago. I'll make a mockup in the talk page, but I can't promise to get all the Latin words right. For ease, parameter names and help tooltips will be in English internally, but they will show in Latin in the form. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::This was added and it now works perfectly. Thanks! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:25, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Do we need to approve changes to pages ==

Hi all,

Moving the discussion regarding the backlog at [[Specialis:PendingChanges]]: @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] asks whether we need to have this feature. I suspect it was switched on because of spam, vandalism, or some other similar issue. Without it we might need to be keeping an eye on recent changes. I am not sure how the proteccted changes permissions works, or whether permissions to make approvals to changes can be delegated more widely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Changes to pages affecting project *function* must be controlled. But it seems that Pending Changes doesn't actually stop changes to something like a template/formula from having effect? See my report about &lt;nowiki&gt;Formula:Sidenotes begin&lt;/nowiki&gt; above.
:And checking a couple of the other initial items in [[Specialis:PendingChanges]], it seems that all pending changes are actually immediately applied to active, visible pages.
:So Pending Changes &lt;u&gt;does not prevent damage&lt;/u&gt; to the project. It is &lt;u&gt;merely a tracking and notification method?&lt;/u&gt;
:That can be useful, but requires a set of people to be change reviewers. And changes to subject matter would seem to require reviewers knowledgeable about the subject? 
:And when changes affect *function*, like templates, who can review and approve those? I'd think only admins.
:The link to monitoring Recent Changes is undeniable. I monitor Recent Changes often at Spanish Wikisource because I've seen the random damage people can do. That is the only way to react quickly to damage. (?) But then that assumes people are checking lists frequently, at least daily. 
:Neither Pending Changes or monitoring Recent Changes prevent damage. They can be only part of a solution to damage. I don't know what to think about Pending Changes ''in isolation''. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:48, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} I've got mainly two points :
::* vandlism is low to inexistant on la.ws (and it's already low on most Wikisources), making this extension useless and even problematic. Because it doesn't prevent changes but it prevents them to be effective.
::** Apparently the reason to install is [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_VII#protection_of_completed_works_-_Flagged_Revisions_as_an_alternative?]]
::* this extension is actually caleld [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs]] and it's deprecated for years (see [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_XI#Futrue_of_FlaggedRevs_(Pending_Changes)_extension]] or the warning on the extension itself « Flagged Revisions is complex, poorly documented, very clunky, and not recommended for production use »). Also, people on Wikisource don't seem to really master or even using it (including the reviewers rights). Maybe it's aan opportunity to list exactly what we need and find a new extension that fit these needs.
::In the end, I see a lot of cons and only a few pros...
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:35, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:I haven't seen any vandalism here in years. But if you fix the errors, the &quot;Pending Changes&quot; status means that the fixes will only be visible to registered users. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} many thanks for your replies. I must admit that I’m an occasional Wikisource (or even Wikipedia contributor). I essentially (or exclusively) contribute corrections.
:Some days ago, I wanted to download an ePub file for the [[Noctes Atticae]] (to do some regexp searches), but the export was wrong. I tried to modify the code (which I have done successfully for the Greek Wikisource many times) and I found out that I needed a ''nihil obstat'' (I’m afraid this would be way to name it).
:Of course, I’m the least interested in vandalism (either contributing it myself, or being any collaborative project being infested/polluted by it). But I think there should be a way of distinguishing between vandalism and non-hardcore (or occasional) contributors.
:I don’t know any perfect system, but it should be worth considering a mixed approach. Approval could be required for: already flagged users (for vandalism) and recent users (how about a five-year publishing embargo?).
:Only to mention a case, my [https://el.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Συμπόσιον_(Πλάτων)&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=49677 first contribution to the Greek Wiksource] was in 2012. I don’t know for how long I have been registered in Wikimedia (I guess this was before 2010).
:This isn’t about myself, the issue here is that Wikisource needs contributions to even exist (not to mention for its growth). If no regular user is allowed to contribute without approval, cooperation is basically non-existing.
:Even with approval, the reply times are incredibly slow (because of the system). It is not that attention spans are getting shorter, time is the most scarce resource we all are (and I don’t have weeks or months to see whether I’m allowed to have [[Noctes Atticae]] as ePub).
:Sorry, the sentence in parentheses isn’t a complaint. Please, do as you please, but my contribution is: consider that you might be making contributions way harder, project growth way slower and administrators’ roles way more complicated (probably, than they could and should be).
:Many thanks for your help and your project, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 17:15, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think there is consensus we can switch this off. Let me know if I can help in any way if you think it's time to switch it off. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:25, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks for the reminder and agreed for removal, so I created a task on Phabricator here : [[Phab:T406424]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:42, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Thanks for filing this @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] , the Wikimedia tech team seem to have finished their work on this now! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:16, 18 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Index page error &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; ==

I am getting an error: at [[:Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; for the paginae listing; even when set to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist 1=1 /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Any clues appreciated! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:48, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:This might be the infamous &quot;0x0 bug&quot; that has plagued Wikisource for two? three? years. Normally it resolves doing a purge in both the file page in Commons and in the local Wikisource. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 19:34, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks, that seems to b working now. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:53, 6 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:42, 18 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]].

When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]].

'''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.'''

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Chair, Elections Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 04:49, 9 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
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== Quaestio de Archibaldi Pitcarnii scriptoris operum recensione ==

Quaeso ut videatis [[:en:Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne|Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne]] pro indicio operum Archibaldi Pitcarnii auctoris. Haec opera olim sub pagina Anglica erant posita, sed propter Latinam linguam sublata sunt. Possumusne paginam [[Scriptor:Archibaldus Pitcarnius]](?) creare et haec ibi recensere? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 20:45, 19 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

:Libenter tibi pagina scriptoris addetur, ut opera transcriptioni adiungantur! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:36, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

::Gratias ago! Nota quaeso quod, ubi pagina creata erit, eam etiam in Vicidata addendam esse, sicut Anglica pagina [[:en:Author:Archibald Pitcairne]]. --[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 08:50, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Certe, nexus Vicidata ad alias paginas de Archibaldo creandus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:07, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
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== Missal transcription: ℣ and ℟ , and ✠  ==

Hi there, @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] is transcribing [[Liber:Missale Romanum 1862.djvu]], and needs the characters ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ to display for users, when these are in mainspace. We think it may be necessary to use a special / embedded font to do this, as I think was meant for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{blackletter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ({{blackletter|exempli gratia}}; see [[Formula:Blackletter/styles.css]], although this does not seem to be calling a font at the moment). Does anyone have any advice about how we would add a webfont to LAWS's CSS, particularly for ℣ and ℟ ; or if there is a way to use an existing webfont with these characters that might be available to us? (Or if there is some other workable solution). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:58, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Vandalismus ==

Vidi nuper nonnihil vandalismi, qualis in [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Veni,_Veni_Emmanuel!&amp;curid=12961&amp;diff=244803&amp;oldid=244791 hoc] et [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=The_Old_Testament_(Vulgate)/Hieremias_propheta&amp;action=history illo] apparuit. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:02, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:23, 20 Novembris 2025 (UTC)
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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:02, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== Ad magistratus ==

Magistratus venerabiles, potestisne in [[MediaWiki:Edittools|capsam insertionis]] addere haec: &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? — Dear admins, сan you add to the [[MediaWiki:Edittools|quick insert toolbar]] &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 07:09, 3 Februarii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]]: done, sorry for the delay. If you need anything else, please ping me, as I don't normally follow the Scriptorium. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:09, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Gratias ago maximas! [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 08:51, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== Bot Flag Request for [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]] ==

Appologies for posting in English. Also, I could not locate a dedicated page for bot request in {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}, so I am posting here. Please direct me to the correct page if one exists. Thank you.

* '''Bot name''': [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Bot operator''': [[commons:User:Schlurcher]]
* '''Bot task''': Automatically convert links from &lt;code&gt;http://&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;https://&lt;/code&gt; (secure protocol migration)
* '''Technical details''': Please see [[meta:User:SchlurcherBot]] for full details, including the expected number of affected URLs on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}.
* '''Bot flags on other projects''': [[meta:Steward_requests/Bot_status/2025-12#Global_bot_status_for_User:SchlurcherBot|Global bot status granted]]. Also flagged on [[w:en:Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/SchlurcherBot|English Wikipedia]], [[w:de:Wikipedia:Bots/Anträge_auf_Botflag/Archiv/2025#2025-02-14_–_SchlurcherBot|German Wikipedia]], [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Bot/Statut/Archive_12#(Traité)_SchlurcherBot|French Wikipedia]], [[w:it:Wikipedia:Bot/Autorizzazioni/Archivio/2025#SchlurcherBot|Italian Wikipedia]], [[w:pl:Wikipedia:Boty/Zgłoszenia/2025#Wikipedysta:SchlurcherBot|Polish Wikipedia]], [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Robôs/Pedidos_de_aprovação/Arquivo/2025#SchlurcherBot|Portuguese Wikipedia]], and [[commons:Commons:Bots/Requests/SchlurcherBot2|Commons]]. For a full list, see: [[sulutil:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Comment''': The bot is globally approved and active on the top 10 Wikipedia projects. As this wiki has opted out of the global bot policy, I am requesting permission to perform these link updates on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}} as well. Please let me know if a local bot flag can be granted or if you have any questions. Thank you. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 07:53, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]], @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]], @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]], @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]. Please let me know if Bot status can be granted. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 06:48, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]]: fine for me, if there are no objections I'll grant it. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:03, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] OK for me too. --[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 11:41, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] Fine for me too. This checked conversions from http to https are important. [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:06, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::{{Done}} Right granted. @[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]], would you tell us something about you second bot called [[Usor:SchlurcherBotT|SchlurcherBotT]], please? - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:28, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] Thanks for granting the flag. SchlurcherBotT is my secondary Bot account on Commons to test new functionality within the scope of the tasks approved of SchlurcherBot. It's approved for that on Commons. As I'm editing on Commons with &gt;100 edits per minute on a continuous basis, it's basically impossible for me to track selected edits otherwise. I'm not intending to use that secondary account outside of Commons. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 16:14, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== Proofing [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]] ==

If anyone would like to help to do a second proof of [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]], that would be very welcome! I am helping with this as well. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:01, 12 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC)
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== Formula:FI ==

{{tl|FI}} is currently broken and ignores the {{para|width}} param. All images are set to the default size, which is usually very large, like in [[Lirica (Ariosto)]]. [[Usor:Trooper57|Trooper57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trooper57|disputatio]]) 21:06, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)

:Thank you, I guess we should check how it is behaving in the Italian wiki(s)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copyright problem? Appropriate for here? ==

What is going on here?
* [[Scriptor:Coronus_Tenebrosius]]
* [[Contemplationes_Metaphysicae]]
* [[Puteus_Chaosi]]
* [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius]]

No statement of copyright. No proof of authorship. paginae vanitatis ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 08:24, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Cum iure auctoris problemata non habebimus, si auctor ipse opera exponit. Et si delere consilium capiemus, [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Saumache|magistratus non habemus]], qui hoc faciant. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:37, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Salvete.''' '''Nomen meum est Krunoslav Mrkoci, et ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' est interpretatio nominis mei in linguam Latinam, id est identitas mea Latina.''' '''Confirmo me ipsum auctorem esse omnium operum hic editorum. Opera primum Croatice scripta sunt, hic autem in versione Latina proposita.''' '''Praeterea fere omnia opera mea iam antea Croatice edita sunt in forma typographica. Id praesertim ad carmina mea pertinet, quae primum anno 1998 in libello iuvenili edita sunt, deinde in variis commentariis typis impressis, inter quos eminenter numeratur periodicum litterarium, culturalis et scientificum ''Riječi'' (Latine: ''Verba''), quod bis delectum e carminibus meis protulit.''' '''Item magna pars commentationum aliarumque prosarum, quae hic in linguam Latinam conversa sunt, iam antea et typis et forma electronica in Croatia divulgata est.'''  Quaeso ut attendatis ad paginam meam in Wikidata, ubi tam sub nomine Croatico ''Krunoslav Mrkoci'' quam sub nomine Latino ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' ut auctor operum meorum inscriptus sum. Gratias ago pro lectione. '''Coronus Tenebrosius'''.&lt;/blockquote&gt; [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius|Coronus Tenebrosius]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Coronus Tenebrosius|disputatio]]) 12:23, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copying some templates from the English Wikisource ==

Hello,

Would someone please be able to help me get [[s:en:Template:ppoem|en:Template:ppoem]], [[s:en:blackletter|en:blackletter]], [[s:en:Template:he|en:Template:he]], and [[s:en:Template:grc|en:Template:grc]] available to use on this Wikisource, so I can utilize them here? For the blackletter, I've tried [[Formula:Gothica|Gothica]], but that doesn't seem to be rendering properly.

Thanks, [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 00:04, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>cr8bcrlowtkhrk9hl9h1zvff3hzvo07</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270963</id>
      <parentid>270962</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T09:46:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Copying some templates from the English Wikisource */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>270963</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="111703" sha1="0k0hv2hnyvmjowupay1me3zk26z0jyz" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
&lt;!--- __NOTOC__ ---&gt;[[Categoria:Vicifons|Scriptorium]]
{{Intraincepti
|w= Vicipaedia:Taberna
|q= Vicicitatio:Taberna
|commons: &lt;!-- Communia --&gt;
|b= Vicilibri:Porta Communis
|wikt= Victionarium:Taberna
|m= &lt;!-- Meta --&gt;
|wikispecies= &lt;!-- Vicispecies --&gt;
|n= &lt;!-- Vicinuntii --&gt;
}}
&lt;div class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:14pt; background:#eef; color:navy; &quot;&gt;
Hac pagina scriptorium Vicifontis est.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;Nunc iam sunt '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' paginae. Hodie '''{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}'''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

{{center|
'''(DE)''' Neue Nachrichten dürfen auf Latein, Französisch, Englisch oder Italienisch gestellt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(EN)''' You can write a new message in Latin, French, English or Italian.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(FR)''' Vous pouvez écrire en latin, en français, en italien ou en anglais.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(IT)''' Potete scrivere in latino, italiano, francese o inglese.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(ALIAE)''' ''Aliis linguis uti potes, sed noli iubere nos facile eas intellegere''
}}
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0em; border: 1px dashed blue; padding: 3px; text-align: center; background: #eef&quot;&gt;
'''[http://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Vicifons:Scriptorium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new   Quaestio nova]'''
&lt;br /&gt;
''Ut sententias antiquiores legas vide [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

{| class=&quot;WSerieV&quot; id=&quot;WBistro&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin-left: 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#fff0ff; text-align:center&quot;
|[[Image:Forum-de-César.jpg|right|210px]]
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif&quot;| '''Scriptorium Vicifontis'''&lt;br/&gt;
----
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; font-family: sans-serif; background-color: #e4e4c9; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0&quot;|'''Alia scriptoria''' 
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; line-height: 1.5em&quot;|
'''[[w:la:Vicipaedia:Taberna|Vicipaedia:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[q:la:Vicicitatio:Taberna|Vicicitatio:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[wikt:la:Victionarium:Taberna|Victionarium:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
|}

&lt;!-- 
Interwiki liks moved to the top of the discussion since button &quot;Quaestio nova&quot; 
appends new entries to physical end of this page
--&gt;

&lt;!-- Interwiki links --&gt;
[[mul:Wikisource:Scriptorium]]
&lt;!-- Interwiki links --&gt;

__TOC__

== IMPORTANT: Admin activity review ==

Hello. A policy regarding the removal of &quot;advanced rights&quot; (administrator, bureaucrat, interface administrator, etc.) was adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] in 2013. According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis with no inactivity policy. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing &quot;advanced rights&quot; from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]].

We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no logged actions for more than 2 years):
# [[User:Barbaking]] (bureaucrat, administrator)

These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards.

However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks, [[Usor:EPIC|EPIC]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:EPIC|disputatio]]) 22:22, 22 Februarii 2025 (UTC)

== Request for updating the text of the Clementine Bible ==

Two months ago, at [[Disputatio:Vulgata Clementina#The Clementine Vulgate Project dead?]] I noted that the links related to ''The Clementine Vulgate Project'', the main source used for the text of the [[Vulgata Clementina]], were dead.

Fortunately, the list of changes made since the import of on Wikisource can be found [https://web.archive.org/web/20240122025223/https://vulsearch.sourceforge.net/clemtext.rss here]. There is also [https://bitbucket.org/clementinetextproject/text/downloads/ a repository] (although I am not sure if it is up to date).

I have no experience in programming or making imports. So, could someone please update the text of [[Vulgata Clementina]] of Wikisource to use the latest version of ''The Clementine Vulgate Project''? [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 10:01, 23 Februarii 2025 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Ser be etre shi|Ser be etre shi]] Are you able to help with this? Ping in case so. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:27, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] Just checking these look like quite a small number of changes, is that right? It may be easiest to do these manually. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:38, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock}} well, my Latin is almost nonexistent, so I cannot do it myself sadly. [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 18:21, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Martii 2025 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:15, 14 Martii 2025 (UTC)
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== Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon.

Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:05, 4 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikidata and Sister Projects: An online community event ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hello everyone, I am excited to share news of an upcoming online event called '''[[d:Event:Wikidata_and_Sister_Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]]''' celebrating the different ways Wikidata can be used to support or enhance with another Wikimedia project. The event takes place over 4 days between '''May 29 - June 1st, 2025'''.

We would like to invite speakers to present at this community event, to hear success stories, challenges, showcase tools or projects you may be working on, where Wikidata has been involved in Wikipedia, Commons, WikiSource and all other WM projects.

If you are interested in attending, please [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register here]].
If you would like to speak at the event, please fill out this Session Proposal template on the [[d:Event_talk:Wikidata_and_Sister_Projects|event talk page]], where you can also ask any questions you may have. 

I hope to see you at the event, in the audience or as a speaker, - [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 09:19, 11 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
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== Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines (&quot;UCoC EG&quot;) and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:35, 17 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter&lt;/span&gt; ==

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&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- &lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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== Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s) ==

On EN wikisource, they have a template &lt;nowiki&gt;{{longs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to produce ''ſ'' on the transcription page, and by default, ''s'' on the ebook page. users on EN WS can toggle these on and off. 

In this book, [[:la:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']], there are a number of unusual characters that could do with toggling: ''ſ (s); ß (ss); ẽ (en / em) ũ (un / um) æ (ae) ę (ae) õ (on / om) ã (an / am) œ (oe)''. ([[:formula:ls]] already exists here for ſ, and some other characters semi-implemented at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] but the toggling is not switched on.)

In order to implement this:

(1) What would LA WiCategoria:Formulae litterarumkisource need to enable for user toggling of special characters?

(2) Who would I contact (assuming this is an admin task)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:06, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)

:It looks like it would need this installing, as a start: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:13, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|OrbiliusMagister}} as the only active magister! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:16, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|SZC 03}} in case you have an opinion (you made changes at the De Pricipia transcription project which we could implement better with this toggle feature). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:31, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::I would like to point out that not all of the listed characters are of the same kind: 
::* ſ is a variant of s; 
::* ß, æ and œ are [[:w:en:Ligature (writing)|ligatures]] of ſs, ae and oe respectively ([[:w:en:E caudata|ę]] can represent both ae or oe); 
::* ã, ẽ, õ, ũ are used to indicate [[:w:en:Scribal abbreviation|abbreviations]].
::Personally I think it would be somewhat useful to implement the toggle feature only for æ and œ, since of all the ligatures they are the only ones that carry some meaning (that ae or oe in that word is a diphthong) and the only ones that easily show up in search results and correctly displayed in web-browsers.
::Note that both English and Italian wikisources in their transcription guidelines take in consideration the ability of both modern readers and search engines to correctly interpret the character shown (see [[:en:Wikisource:Style guide/Orthography]] and [[:it:Wikisource:Convenzioni di trascrizione]]). Though it would be useful to write rules specific to the Latin wikisource.
::I hope these considerations were of any help. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 07:58, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::In regards to the [[Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']] it would be appropriate to encode the text in a way that we do not lose your work of accurately transcribing the above characters, while still showing to the end user a normalized form. My edit was trying to achieve this with the templates currently in wikisource.
::From a technical standpoint, it would be useful to have a general template not specific to any character that could be used both in ''ad hoc'' situations, and in creating other templates.
::Also if such a template is created for abbreviations it should behave differently from the long s and ligatures, since 1) the text displayed is context dependent, and 2) it is common use in diplomatic transcriptions to show the abbreviated characters in parentheses (so I were taught in paleography class). 
::To give an example of point 2 from the text ([[Pagina:Nicolaus_Machiavellus_De_Principe.pdf/69|page 45]], line 11):
::Original text: Iãq́ꝫ
::Diplomatic transcription: Ia(m)q(ue)
::Standard transcription: Iamque  
::I’m sorry for the lengthy comments. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:02, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I agree something adhoc would be helpful. The template would need to specify 
:::* the text as-is and
:::* the modernised version
:::and hopefully there would be a system to pick up which to display.
:::In terms of the display: this could be the js system, perhaps adapted, that we have on en.ws, or possibly it could be an adjustment to the page templates set up, to allow two different books, or sets of pages, to be presented. This would have the advantage that exports would facilitate both (IDK but suspect that exports support the default rather than user choice). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:48, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I have set out this information in a [[Usor:JimKillock/Orthography|table]] including information about dictionary lookups and likely search engine issues. In short, from a user perspective, all the characters can be problematic, but æ and œ work within Alpheios for dictionary lookups, so are a bit more tolerable than the others from a default perspective. However I think it is useful tobe able to see and use the originals for some people, eg those practicing reading Renaissance scans etc; or researchers or academics looking to use source texts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:09, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|Alex brollo}}, {{ping|VIGNERON}}, {{ping|Candalua}} in case you can help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:38, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] Interesting question. I'll take a look to the ensource template to understand how it works (I hope it is not based on javascript). [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 06:18, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I’m afraid it is based on javascript: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]]
:::To see the button you have to enable the [[:en:Help:Gadget-Visibility|Visibility gadget]]. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:12, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] checking in whether we can implement this, or find another solution. I am holding off further changes until I know how to proceed - but I am sure there should be a way to do this! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:40, 19 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Noting this question comes up again at [[:Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]] (I have [[Disputatio Libri:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|left a note there]]). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:08, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::OK, I have developed templates as this is holding up other people's work. I have based each template on the existing [[:formula:ls]], and avoid duplicating those that already exist using the same method at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. Meantime if anyone has further thoughts about using Visibility Gadget or going another way, I would be very grateful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:02, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::@[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] I have made a very basic template for flexible character switching at [[Formula:Scr]]; this returns the first entry on the book page, and the second in main space, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|qꝫ|que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; would work the same as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
:::::However there is advice on ENWS not to use characters but use HTML entities for CSS reasons, so it is probably better for users to use specific templates. For example, I also created &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; which allows a user to decide what it might best represent, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|;}} or {{po|?}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
:::::In general, using set templates like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}, {{em}}, {{um}}, {{etc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; is much easier for proofing, so I think I will continue to add these where it seems useful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:29, 24 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi folks, so that you know, I have made something of a workaround to be able to enable these features, which works well enough for me. I will perhaps add some guidance somewhere. What I have done:
::::::# Installed the font Garamontio, as it has the qꝫ character, and all the possible ligatures
::::::# Created custom css to apply Garamontio to Wikisource as a whole;  at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css]]; and
::::::# Created (vibecoded) custom javascript at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]]
::::::The second script looks for the various spans with the css style typographic-long-s, and replaces the characters as appropriate. This seems to work surprisingly well, Garamontio does all of the discretionary ligatures etc, and is a very well designed font (fork of EB Garamond, with some extra touches useful here). The issue is of course that this applies to the whole of Latin Wikisource all of the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:35, 25 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]], reading this I wanted to tell you that you could apply styles to a index page, but I see you have already figured it out. Kudos on your progress. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 09:56, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks @[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]]; my list of scribal transformations has got quite long tho. And I need to check on the possible logic of it, some needs to hide and unhide, rather than search and replace. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:08, 15 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 03:08, 28 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== Administrator backlog? ==

Hi there,

I am noticing a lot of pages that say that the current version is not checked; and versions I have amended are not (apparently) displayed because they need approval. Am I right in assuming this is due to a lack of (active) administrator time? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:53, 30 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Relatedly @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] / @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] / other admins, [[Colloquia familiaria]] has an old index page and other old sub pages which could do with changes being approved. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:58, 12 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Ping on this, some of the sub pages are quite broken. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:42, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:I have tried to fix the lack of text in ePub export for [[Noctes Atticae]].
:Unfortunately, it seems that all my submissions require approval (last approval seems to have taken place more than five years ago).
:Is there any way to have &lt;code&gt;class=&quot;ws-export&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to the second &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;table&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; from [[Noctes Atticae]]?
:Many thanks for your help, [[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 19:09, 15 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Mnemonics Book in Latin ==

Dear all,

Over the past month, with the help of others, I’ve been compiling a list of older and often overlooked books on mnemonic techniques available on [[:en:Portal:Mnemonics|Wikisource English]]. Many of these works—some dating back decades or even centuries—offer fascinating insights into how memory has been understood, trained, and improved across different cultures and time periods.

I've recently added a new section to the portal: &quot;Multilingual Works on Mnemonic Techniques.&quot; This is in part because several of the English-language texts reference related works in other languages, particularly Latin.

Unfortunately, many of these referenced works are written in Classical Latin, and my ability to work with them is quite limited—I’ve done what I can, but they remain largely inaccessible to me.

If anyone has expertise in Classical Latin and might be willing to help with these texts, your assistance would be greatly appreciated.

* ''[[:la:Foenix|Foenix]] by [[w:en:Peter of Ravenna|Peter of Ravenna]]'' (1491)
* ''[[:la:Congestorium Artificiose Memorie|Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]'' by Johann Horst von Romberch (1533)

[[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032259.jpg|150px]][[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032269.jpg|150px]]

Here is a discussion form on it 

https://forum.artofmemory.com/t/johannes-romberchs-congestorium-artificiose-memorie/30174

Warm regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 23:15, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, I could help proofing texts you have prepared perhaps? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:: Thanks for offering—I’d really appreciate your help with proofreading.
:: We have two books. Which one would you like to start with?
::*[[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
::*[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]]
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:49, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I can do the pages you have put into the first, as a start for you. BTW the transcribed text does not always look like it originated from the source. It is very correct, but some has different orthography and missed certain parts. That is fine of course if we are correcting to the original. (PS: you might want to create a user account so that you can be notified of replies, hide your IP address, etc). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:57, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I had a go at the first page or two; some of the orthography was removed while other parts were kept. I kept all of it as a first go. See the discussion above about how we treat orthography, hopefully we can address this with templates. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:11, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I'm using Google OCR and some AI tools to pull out text and sometimes translate it into English so I can understand it. If anyone could help me proofread or check it, I’d be super grateful! [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 00:50, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I have added all the templates we need for the special characters / orthography, I will start doing the pages with those. The end result will be that on the main space ebook pages, the chars will toggle on and off, at least once that is properly implemented. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:25, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Noted, sounds good. I’ll try adding to the other pages next time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:10, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:44, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== [[De Principe]] ==

Si vis, quaeso, me adiuva ut liber novus ''[[De Principe]]'' correctus sit et erroribus liber. Nuper completus, ab aliquo alio corrigendus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:14, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== Latin incunabula and other early books ==

Expanding a bit on what I mentioned above, re character toggling, and also working on the books [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
* the Transkribus Latin Incunabula scan does a great job on the heavy gothic style print
* I will see how it does with more Garamond-style texts, in case it works with these
* I have developed a fairly full set of templates for scribal characters, see [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
* I am thinking about using a bot to wholesale search and replace long s, and other scribal characters mapped there
Between these things, the work to transcribe and correct early printed Latin books should be very much reduced. If anyone feels like helping test this out, do give me shout. Meantime I will run tests on Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae to check how well the bot system works. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:50, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:The folks at Wikisource helped create a JS solution for this, see [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]]. The script does a search and replace for what is needed, on the '''first save of a new book page'''; these are the settings for the Incunabula style section of [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|this scan, p 52 onwards]]  for [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]. It seems to work very well and is extremely labour saving! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:59, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== Navigation and validation ==

Hi there, 

I would like to do some work on navigation, to provide some &quot;portal&quot; pages similar to EN Wikisource. For example, this would help with learner texts a lot 9I often get asked how to find these texts, I point to the category pages, but these are very basic.

I would also like to know what we should do about page validation. Some really necessary changes are currently languishing in the backlog. This is an admin only task: should we asking for more administrators, or is this something existing admins here can take on? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:08, 13 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi {{U|JimKillock}} good idea, don't hesitate to start and/or ask for help. That said, I'm not sure to see why this is an admin task (even if, yes, the underlying point is true, we need more admins). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:31, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think the Portal namespace and some modules need setting up which require admin permissions, I will dig a bit further and come back to you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 12:46, 14 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikisource, including this Wikisource, during the '''week of August 25th'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this Wikisource. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''all Wikipedia, Meta, Wikidata''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|disputatio]]) 15:40, 31 Iulii 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
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== All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae ==

I was looking for templates/formulae by looking at &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

All pages in [[Liber:Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Many (all?) pages in [[Liber:Gallia Christiana, 1715, T1.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, like article [[Gallia Christiana 1715 01/Epistola2]]

These all use [[Formula:Sidenotes begin]]. There is one &quot;[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;oldid=79709&amp;diff=cur pending change]&quot; on this template. But that change puts the category outside the noinclude.
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Please either reject the change or move the categoria line. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:17, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], I don't think anyone from the admins is monitoring or actioning pending changes currently. (see discussions re admin queues above.) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:29, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Shenme}} {{done}} I excluded the categories. {{ping|JimKillock}} no blame but be careful next time, categories should always be excluded. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:28, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|VIGNERON}} It wasn't @JimKillock who made [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=79709 the problematic change], but someone else [[Usor:Ceciliawolf]]. I noticed the problem, he included the problem a list that got your attention. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 02:46, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|Shenme}} yes, but [[Special:Diff/236794]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 06:57, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Request for admin status ==

Hi all, given that we have quite a lot of admin requests (mostly relating to &quot;pending&quot; changes), I would like to request administrator status so that some of these can be cleared. If anyone else wants to step up to help out, that would also be welcome. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:23, 1 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Ping to @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], @[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]]:, @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]:, @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]]:  in case you feel able to support my request. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:57, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi {{U|JimKillock}},
::I apparently missed it, where do we have « a lot of admin requests » ?
::That said, one more admin is always good, so create the request and I'll support it.
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:34, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]], 
:::Thank you! On the admin requests, on this page, here are these
:::* [[#All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae]]
:::* [[#It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace]] (which you have replied to)
:::* [[#Navigation and validation]]
:::* [[#Administrator backlog?]]
:::* [[#Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s)]] (altho this has been worked around and may not be needed)
:::Most of these relate to the ''Pending changes'' backlog in various ways; two are requests for new features / modules to be ported across. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks, I see. It doesn't look like a lot to me, I'll try to deal with it today. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:27, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thank you @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] :) You could also take a look at the pending changes on [[Formula:Pagina_prima/Novae_Aetatis]] and [[Moriae encomium]]. The really big job is going through [[Specialis:PendingChanges|pending changes]] altogether - I understand there is a five year backlog. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:36, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see... I had a quick look and all changes seem good. Do we even need this extension on Wikisource? Also, if we keep it, I guess we need more reviewers rather than admins (more admins would be useful too, but that's a separate point). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 10:35, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Of course, the request needs to be supported; without active administrators it is very inconvenient. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:21, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::What do you need us to do? BTW, it would be great to know why edits require administrator approvals. Sorry, but I‘m afraid this makes contributing almost pointless. Many thanks for your help, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 14:15, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::So there are two reasons it would be helpful for me to be an admin; one is if we carry on with the approval system (it looks like we will not) and the other is around updating or adding certain components, modules for example. There may be other tasks I am not aware of that I could help with, but these are the ones I know about. Implementing Portal pages for example needs some work by an admin AIUI.
:::@[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] your question re edits needing approval is [[#Do_we_need_to_approve_changes_to_pages|addressed below, here]]. 
:::In terms of what you / others need to do, it seems that if there is a consensus to allow me administrator permissions, then a bueaucrat user would implement it (I mistakenly opening a request at meta, and they referred me back here); so we just need to have your views, yes, no, maybe, etc. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:01, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::The page [[Vicifons:Magistratus]], intended for promotion, seems to be protected; I couldn't edit it (''petitio grapheocrat'''ae''''') and add a category ([[:Categoria:Usores]]). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:23, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks, it seems editable now so I [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Petitio_magistratus|added my request there]], if anyone wants to support it. Regarding ''grapheocrates -ae'', how is this declined? Is it otherwise treated as a masculine first declension? Thinking it ought to be added to Wiktionary as it is missing from there. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:00, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::This is [https://archive.org/details/calepinusnovus2002/calepinusnovus2002-french-latin/page/n23/mode/1up?q=grapheocrates from Licoppe and Eichenseer]. Yes, this can be added to Wiktionary, I have no experience editing there. Thanks for the corrections, today the system let me in, but yesterday for some unknown reason it didn’t let me in. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:53, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thank you and no problem. I can add to Wiktionary I hope; is the plural therefore ''grapheocratae''; and is the singular ''grapheocrates'' or ''grapheocrata''? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:14, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Yes, of course. They took the Modern Greek word γραφειοκράτης. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:41, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Great, after a bit of struggle that is at [[:en:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] and  [[:la:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:43, 7 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace ==

It would require someone with interface admin status to create [[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index data config.json]] to replace the current index form parameters ([[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index attributes|very old system]]) with special care to not mass delete information by unadvertedly changing some parameter's name. [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Proofreadpage_index_data_config.json Example from the English Wikisource]. If someone wants to help, please contact me. Regards! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 02:10, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]], potentially - if I have admin status :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:54, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Ignacio Rodríguez}} I did a test (by copy-pasting the English page), it works, so no need to be interface admin, being admin is enough.
::I only half understand that paramater page, could you give me the actual content expected ?
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:38, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::I don't remember all the details but I worked on that page in the Spanish Wikisource almost a decade ago. I'll make a mockup in the talk page, but I can't promise to get all the Latin words right. For ease, parameter names and help tooltips will be in English internally, but they will show in Latin in the form. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::This was added and it now works perfectly. Thanks! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:25, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Do we need to approve changes to pages ==

Hi all,

Moving the discussion regarding the backlog at [[Specialis:PendingChanges]]: @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] asks whether we need to have this feature. I suspect it was switched on because of spam, vandalism, or some other similar issue. Without it we might need to be keeping an eye on recent changes. I am not sure how the proteccted changes permissions works, or whether permissions to make approvals to changes can be delegated more widely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Changes to pages affecting project *function* must be controlled. But it seems that Pending Changes doesn't actually stop changes to something like a template/formula from having effect? See my report about &lt;nowiki&gt;Formula:Sidenotes begin&lt;/nowiki&gt; above.
:And checking a couple of the other initial items in [[Specialis:PendingChanges]], it seems that all pending changes are actually immediately applied to active, visible pages.
:So Pending Changes &lt;u&gt;does not prevent damage&lt;/u&gt; to the project. It is &lt;u&gt;merely a tracking and notification method?&lt;/u&gt;
:That can be useful, but requires a set of people to be change reviewers. And changes to subject matter would seem to require reviewers knowledgeable about the subject? 
:And when changes affect *function*, like templates, who can review and approve those? I'd think only admins.
:The link to monitoring Recent Changes is undeniable. I monitor Recent Changes often at Spanish Wikisource because I've seen the random damage people can do. That is the only way to react quickly to damage. (?) But then that assumes people are checking lists frequently, at least daily. 
:Neither Pending Changes or monitoring Recent Changes prevent damage. They can be only part of a solution to damage. I don't know what to think about Pending Changes ''in isolation''. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:48, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} I've got mainly two points :
::* vandlism is low to inexistant on la.ws (and it's already low on most Wikisources), making this extension useless and even problematic. Because it doesn't prevent changes but it prevents them to be effective.
::** Apparently the reason to install is [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_VII#protection_of_completed_works_-_Flagged_Revisions_as_an_alternative?]]
::* this extension is actually caleld [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs]] and it's deprecated for years (see [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_XI#Futrue_of_FlaggedRevs_(Pending_Changes)_extension]] or the warning on the extension itself « Flagged Revisions is complex, poorly documented, very clunky, and not recommended for production use »). Also, people on Wikisource don't seem to really master or even using it (including the reviewers rights). Maybe it's aan opportunity to list exactly what we need and find a new extension that fit these needs.
::In the end, I see a lot of cons and only a few pros...
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:35, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:I haven't seen any vandalism here in years. But if you fix the errors, the &quot;Pending Changes&quot; status means that the fixes will only be visible to registered users. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} many thanks for your replies. I must admit that I’m an occasional Wikisource (or even Wikipedia contributor). I essentially (or exclusively) contribute corrections.
:Some days ago, I wanted to download an ePub file for the [[Noctes Atticae]] (to do some regexp searches), but the export was wrong. I tried to modify the code (which I have done successfully for the Greek Wikisource many times) and I found out that I needed a ''nihil obstat'' (I’m afraid this would be way to name it).
:Of course, I’m the least interested in vandalism (either contributing it myself, or being any collaborative project being infested/polluted by it). But I think there should be a way of distinguishing between vandalism and non-hardcore (or occasional) contributors.
:I don’t know any perfect system, but it should be worth considering a mixed approach. Approval could be required for: already flagged users (for vandalism) and recent users (how about a five-year publishing embargo?).
:Only to mention a case, my [https://el.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Συμπόσιον_(Πλάτων)&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=49677 first contribution to the Greek Wiksource] was in 2012. I don’t know for how long I have been registered in Wikimedia (I guess this was before 2010).
:This isn’t about myself, the issue here is that Wikisource needs contributions to even exist (not to mention for its growth). If no regular user is allowed to contribute without approval, cooperation is basically non-existing.
:Even with approval, the reply times are incredibly slow (because of the system). It is not that attention spans are getting shorter, time is the most scarce resource we all are (and I don’t have weeks or months to see whether I’m allowed to have [[Noctes Atticae]] as ePub).
:Sorry, the sentence in parentheses isn’t a complaint. Please, do as you please, but my contribution is: consider that you might be making contributions way harder, project growth way slower and administrators’ roles way more complicated (probably, than they could and should be).
:Many thanks for your help and your project, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 17:15, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think there is consensus we can switch this off. Let me know if I can help in any way if you think it's time to switch it off. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:25, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks for the reminder and agreed for removal, so I created a task on Phabricator here : [[Phab:T406424]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:42, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Thanks for filing this @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] , the Wikimedia tech team seem to have finished their work on this now! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:16, 18 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Index page error &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; ==

I am getting an error: at [[:Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; for the paginae listing; even when set to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist 1=1 /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Any clues appreciated! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:48, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:This might be the infamous &quot;0x0 bug&quot; that has plagued Wikisource for two? three? years. Normally it resolves doing a purge in both the file page in Commons and in the local Wikisource. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 19:34, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks, that seems to b working now. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:53, 6 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

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== Quaestio de Archibaldi Pitcarnii scriptoris operum recensione ==

Quaeso ut videatis [[:en:Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne|Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne]] pro indicio operum Archibaldi Pitcarnii auctoris. Haec opera olim sub pagina Anglica erant posita, sed propter Latinam linguam sublata sunt. Possumusne paginam [[Scriptor:Archibaldus Pitcarnius]](?) creare et haec ibi recensere? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 20:45, 19 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

:Libenter tibi pagina scriptoris addetur, ut opera transcriptioni adiungantur! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:36, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

::Gratias ago! Nota quaeso quod, ubi pagina creata erit, eam etiam in Vicidata addendam esse, sicut Anglica pagina [[:en:Author:Archibald Pitcairne]]. --[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 08:50, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Certe, nexus Vicidata ad alias paginas de Archibaldo creandus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:07, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

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{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

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== Missal transcription: ℣ and ℟ , and ✠  ==

Hi there, @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] is transcribing [[Liber:Missale Romanum 1862.djvu]], and needs the characters ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ to display for users, when these are in mainspace. We think it may be necessary to use a special / embedded font to do this, as I think was meant for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{blackletter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ({{blackletter|exempli gratia}}; see [[Formula:Blackletter/styles.css]], although this does not seem to be calling a font at the moment). Does anyone have any advice about how we would add a webfont to LAWS's CSS, particularly for ℣ and ℟ ; or if there is a way to use an existing webfont with these characters that might be available to us? (Or if there is some other workable solution). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:58, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Vandalismus ==

Vidi nuper nonnihil vandalismi, qualis in [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Veni,_Veni_Emmanuel!&amp;curid=12961&amp;diff=244803&amp;oldid=244791 hoc] et [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=The_Old_Testament_(Vulgate)/Hieremias_propheta&amp;action=history illo] apparuit. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:02, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

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* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:23, 20 Novembris 2025 (UTC)
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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:02, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== Ad magistratus ==

Magistratus venerabiles, potestisne in [[MediaWiki:Edittools|capsam insertionis]] addere haec: &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? — Dear admins, сan you add to the [[MediaWiki:Edittools|quick insert toolbar]] &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 07:09, 3 Februarii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]]: done, sorry for the delay. If you need anything else, please ping me, as I don't normally follow the Scriptorium. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:09, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Gratias ago maximas! [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 08:51, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== Bot Flag Request for [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]] ==

Appologies for posting in English. Also, I could not locate a dedicated page for bot request in {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}, so I am posting here. Please direct me to the correct page if one exists. Thank you.

* '''Bot name''': [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Bot operator''': [[commons:User:Schlurcher]]
* '''Bot task''': Automatically convert links from &lt;code&gt;http://&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;https://&lt;/code&gt; (secure protocol migration)
* '''Technical details''': Please see [[meta:User:SchlurcherBot]] for full details, including the expected number of affected URLs on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}.
* '''Bot flags on other projects''': [[meta:Steward_requests/Bot_status/2025-12#Global_bot_status_for_User:SchlurcherBot|Global bot status granted]]. Also flagged on [[w:en:Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/SchlurcherBot|English Wikipedia]], [[w:de:Wikipedia:Bots/Anträge_auf_Botflag/Archiv/2025#2025-02-14_–_SchlurcherBot|German Wikipedia]], [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Bot/Statut/Archive_12#(Traité)_SchlurcherBot|French Wikipedia]], [[w:it:Wikipedia:Bot/Autorizzazioni/Archivio/2025#SchlurcherBot|Italian Wikipedia]], [[w:pl:Wikipedia:Boty/Zgłoszenia/2025#Wikipedysta:SchlurcherBot|Polish Wikipedia]], [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Robôs/Pedidos_de_aprovação/Arquivo/2025#SchlurcherBot|Portuguese Wikipedia]], and [[commons:Commons:Bots/Requests/SchlurcherBot2|Commons]]. For a full list, see: [[sulutil:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Comment''': The bot is globally approved and active on the top 10 Wikipedia projects. As this wiki has opted out of the global bot policy, I am requesting permission to perform these link updates on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}} as well. Please let me know if a local bot flag can be granted or if you have any questions. Thank you. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 07:53, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]], @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]], @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]], @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]. Please let me know if Bot status can be granted. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 06:48, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]]: fine for me, if there are no objections I'll grant it. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:03, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] OK for me too. --[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 11:41, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] Fine for me too. This checked conversions from http to https are important. [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:06, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::{{Done}} Right granted. @[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]], would you tell us something about you second bot called [[Usor:SchlurcherBotT|SchlurcherBotT]], please? - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:28, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] Thanks for granting the flag. SchlurcherBotT is my secondary Bot account on Commons to test new functionality within the scope of the tasks approved of SchlurcherBot. It's approved for that on Commons. As I'm editing on Commons with &gt;100 edits per minute on a continuous basis, it's basically impossible for me to track selected edits otherwise. I'm not intending to use that secondary account outside of Commons. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 16:14, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== Proofing [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]] ==

If anyone would like to help to do a second proof of [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]], that would be very welcome! I am helping with this as well. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:01, 12 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC)
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== Formula:FI ==

{{tl|FI}} is currently broken and ignores the {{para|width}} param. All images are set to the default size, which is usually very large, like in [[Lirica (Ariosto)]]. [[Usor:Trooper57|Trooper57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trooper57|disputatio]]) 21:06, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)

:Thank you, I guess we should check how it is behaving in the Italian wiki(s)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copyright problem? Appropriate for here? ==

What is going on here?
* [[Scriptor:Coronus_Tenebrosius]]
* [[Contemplationes_Metaphysicae]]
* [[Puteus_Chaosi]]
* [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius]]

No statement of copyright. No proof of authorship. paginae vanitatis ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 08:24, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Cum iure auctoris problemata non habebimus, si auctor ipse opera exponit. Et si delere consilium capiemus, [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Saumache|magistratus non habemus]], qui hoc faciant. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:37, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Salvete.''' '''Nomen meum est Krunoslav Mrkoci, et ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' est interpretatio nominis mei in linguam Latinam, id est identitas mea Latina.''' '''Confirmo me ipsum auctorem esse omnium operum hic editorum. Opera primum Croatice scripta sunt, hic autem in versione Latina proposita.''' '''Praeterea fere omnia opera mea iam antea Croatice edita sunt in forma typographica. Id praesertim ad carmina mea pertinet, quae primum anno 1998 in libello iuvenili edita sunt, deinde in variis commentariis typis impressis, inter quos eminenter numeratur periodicum litterarium, culturalis et scientificum ''Riječi'' (Latine: ''Verba''), quod bis delectum e carminibus meis protulit.''' '''Item magna pars commentationum aliarumque prosarum, quae hic in linguam Latinam conversa sunt, iam antea et typis et forma electronica in Croatia divulgata est.'''  Quaeso ut attendatis ad paginam meam in Wikidata, ubi tam sub nomine Croatico ''Krunoslav Mrkoci'' quam sub nomine Latino ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' ut auctor operum meorum inscriptus sum. Gratias ago pro lectione. '''Coronus Tenebrosius'''.&lt;/blockquote&gt; [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius|Coronus Tenebrosius]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Coronus Tenebrosius|disputatio]]) 12:23, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copying some templates from the English Wikisource ==

Hello,

Would someone please be able to help me get [[s:en:Template:ppoem|en:Template:ppoem]], [[s:en:blackletter|en:blackletter]], [[s:en:Template:he|en:Template:he]], and [[s:en:Template:grc|en:Template:grc]] available to use on this Wikisource, so I can utilize them here? For the blackletter, I've tried [[Formula:Gothica|Gothica]], but that doesn't seem to be rendering properly.

Thanks, [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 00:04, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] I made the shortcut for [[Formula:Graeca]]. You should not need any administror rights to do anything you need, I'll have a '''Litteræ pingues'''look into it. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 09:46, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>0k0hv2hnyvmjowupay1me3zk26z0jyz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270964</id>
      <parentid>270963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T09:47:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Copying some templates from the English Wikisource */</comment>
      <origin>270964</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="111681" sha1="leqnc5hyao1essooi7mi47y3o4bdnu3" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
&lt;!--- __NOTOC__ ---&gt;[[Categoria:Vicifons|Scriptorium]]
{{Intraincepti
|w= Vicipaedia:Taberna
|q= Vicicitatio:Taberna
|commons: &lt;!-- Communia --&gt;
|b= Vicilibri:Porta Communis
|wikt= Victionarium:Taberna
|m= &lt;!-- Meta --&gt;
|wikispecies= &lt;!-- Vicispecies --&gt;
|n= &lt;!-- Vicinuntii --&gt;
}}
&lt;div class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:14pt; background:#eef; color:navy; &quot;&gt;
Hac pagina scriptorium Vicifontis est.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;Nunc iam sunt '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' paginae. Hodie '''{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}'''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

{{center|
'''(DE)''' Neue Nachrichten dürfen auf Latein, Französisch, Englisch oder Italienisch gestellt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(EN)''' You can write a new message in Latin, French, English or Italian.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(FR)''' Vous pouvez écrire en latin, en français, en italien ou en anglais.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(IT)''' Potete scrivere in latino, italiano, francese o inglese.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(ALIAE)''' ''Aliis linguis uti potes, sed noli iubere nos facile eas intellegere''
}}
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0em; border: 1px dashed blue; padding: 3px; text-align: center; background: #eef&quot;&gt;
'''[http://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Vicifons:Scriptorium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new   Quaestio nova]'''
&lt;br /&gt;
''Ut sententias antiquiores legas vide [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

{| class=&quot;WSerieV&quot; id=&quot;WBistro&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin-left: 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#fff0ff; text-align:center&quot;
|[[Image:Forum-de-César.jpg|right|210px]]
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif&quot;| '''Scriptorium Vicifontis'''&lt;br/&gt;
----
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; font-family: sans-serif; background-color: #e4e4c9; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0&quot;|'''Alia scriptoria''' 
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; line-height: 1.5em&quot;|
'''[[w:la:Vicipaedia:Taberna|Vicipaedia:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[q:la:Vicicitatio:Taberna|Vicicitatio:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[wikt:la:Victionarium:Taberna|Victionarium:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
|}

&lt;!-- 
Interwiki liks moved to the top of the discussion since button &quot;Quaestio nova&quot; 
appends new entries to physical end of this page
--&gt;

&lt;!-- Interwiki links --&gt;
[[mul:Wikisource:Scriptorium]]
&lt;!-- Interwiki links --&gt;

__TOC__

== IMPORTANT: Admin activity review ==

Hello. A policy regarding the removal of &quot;advanced rights&quot; (administrator, bureaucrat, interface administrator, etc.) was adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] in 2013. According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis with no inactivity policy. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing &quot;advanced rights&quot; from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]].

We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no logged actions for more than 2 years):
# [[User:Barbaking]] (bureaucrat, administrator)

These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards.

However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks, [[Usor:EPIC|EPIC]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:EPIC|disputatio]]) 22:22, 22 Februarii 2025 (UTC)

== Request for updating the text of the Clementine Bible ==

Two months ago, at [[Disputatio:Vulgata Clementina#The Clementine Vulgate Project dead?]] I noted that the links related to ''The Clementine Vulgate Project'', the main source used for the text of the [[Vulgata Clementina]], were dead.

Fortunately, the list of changes made since the import of on Wikisource can be found [https://web.archive.org/web/20240122025223/https://vulsearch.sourceforge.net/clemtext.rss here]. There is also [https://bitbucket.org/clementinetextproject/text/downloads/ a repository] (although I am not sure if it is up to date).

I have no experience in programming or making imports. So, could someone please update the text of [[Vulgata Clementina]] of Wikisource to use the latest version of ''The Clementine Vulgate Project''? [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 10:01, 23 Februarii 2025 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Ser be etre shi|Ser be etre shi]] Are you able to help with this? Ping in case so. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:27, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] Just checking these look like quite a small number of changes, is that right? It may be easiest to do these manually. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:38, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock}} well, my Latin is almost nonexistent, so I cannot do it myself sadly. [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 18:21, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Martii 2025 (UTC)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:15, 14 Martii 2025 (UTC)
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== Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon.

Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:05, 4 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikidata and Sister Projects: An online community event ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hello everyone, I am excited to share news of an upcoming online event called '''[[d:Event:Wikidata_and_Sister_Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]]''' celebrating the different ways Wikidata can be used to support or enhance with another Wikimedia project. The event takes place over 4 days between '''May 29 - June 1st, 2025'''.

We would like to invite speakers to present at this community event, to hear success stories, challenges, showcase tools or projects you may be working on, where Wikidata has been involved in Wikipedia, Commons, WikiSource and all other WM projects.

If you are interested in attending, please [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register here]].
If you would like to speak at the event, please fill out this Session Proposal template on the [[d:Event_talk:Wikidata_and_Sister_Projects|event talk page]], where you can also ask any questions you may have. 

I hope to see you at the event, in the audience or as a speaker, - [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 09:19, 11 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
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== Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines (&quot;UCoC EG&quot;) and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:35, 17 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- &lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s) ==

On EN wikisource, they have a template &lt;nowiki&gt;{{longs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to produce ''ſ'' on the transcription page, and by default, ''s'' on the ebook page. users on EN WS can toggle these on and off. 

In this book, [[:la:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']], there are a number of unusual characters that could do with toggling: ''ſ (s); ß (ss); ẽ (en / em) ũ (un / um) æ (ae) ę (ae) õ (on / om) ã (an / am) œ (oe)''. ([[:formula:ls]] already exists here for ſ, and some other characters semi-implemented at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] but the toggling is not switched on.)

In order to implement this:

(1) What would LA WiCategoria:Formulae litterarumkisource need to enable for user toggling of special characters?

(2) Who would I contact (assuming this is an admin task)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:06, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)

:It looks like it would need this installing, as a start: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:13, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|OrbiliusMagister}} as the only active magister! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:16, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|SZC 03}} in case you have an opinion (you made changes at the De Pricipia transcription project which we could implement better with this toggle feature). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:31, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::I would like to point out that not all of the listed characters are of the same kind: 
::* ſ is a variant of s; 
::* ß, æ and œ are [[:w:en:Ligature (writing)|ligatures]] of ſs, ae and oe respectively ([[:w:en:E caudata|ę]] can represent both ae or oe); 
::* ã, ẽ, õ, ũ are used to indicate [[:w:en:Scribal abbreviation|abbreviations]].
::Personally I think it would be somewhat useful to implement the toggle feature only for æ and œ, since of all the ligatures they are the only ones that carry some meaning (that ae or oe in that word is a diphthong) and the only ones that easily show up in search results and correctly displayed in web-browsers.
::Note that both English and Italian wikisources in their transcription guidelines take in consideration the ability of both modern readers and search engines to correctly interpret the character shown (see [[:en:Wikisource:Style guide/Orthography]] and [[:it:Wikisource:Convenzioni di trascrizione]]). Though it would be useful to write rules specific to the Latin wikisource.
::I hope these considerations were of any help. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 07:58, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::In regards to the [[Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']] it would be appropriate to encode the text in a way that we do not lose your work of accurately transcribing the above characters, while still showing to the end user a normalized form. My edit was trying to achieve this with the templates currently in wikisource.
::From a technical standpoint, it would be useful to have a general template not specific to any character that could be used both in ''ad hoc'' situations, and in creating other templates.
::Also if such a template is created for abbreviations it should behave differently from the long s and ligatures, since 1) the text displayed is context dependent, and 2) it is common use in diplomatic transcriptions to show the abbreviated characters in parentheses (so I were taught in paleography class). 
::To give an example of point 2 from the text ([[Pagina:Nicolaus_Machiavellus_De_Principe.pdf/69|page 45]], line 11):
::Original text: Iãq́ꝫ
::Diplomatic transcription: Ia(m)q(ue)
::Standard transcription: Iamque  
::I’m sorry for the lengthy comments. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:02, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I agree something adhoc would be helpful. The template would need to specify 
:::* the text as-is and
:::* the modernised version
:::and hopefully there would be a system to pick up which to display.
:::In terms of the display: this could be the js system, perhaps adapted, that we have on en.ws, or possibly it could be an adjustment to the page templates set up, to allow two different books, or sets of pages, to be presented. This would have the advantage that exports would facilitate both (IDK but suspect that exports support the default rather than user choice). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:48, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I have set out this information in a [[Usor:JimKillock/Orthography|table]] including information about dictionary lookups and likely search engine issues. In short, from a user perspective, all the characters can be problematic, but æ and œ work within Alpheios for dictionary lookups, so are a bit more tolerable than the others from a default perspective. However I think it is useful tobe able to see and use the originals for some people, eg those practicing reading Renaissance scans etc; or researchers or academics looking to use source texts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:09, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|Alex brollo}}, {{ping|VIGNERON}}, {{ping|Candalua}} in case you can help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:38, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] Interesting question. I'll take a look to the ensource template to understand how it works (I hope it is not based on javascript). [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 06:18, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I’m afraid it is based on javascript: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]]
:::To see the button you have to enable the [[:en:Help:Gadget-Visibility|Visibility gadget]]. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:12, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] checking in whether we can implement this, or find another solution. I am holding off further changes until I know how to proceed - but I am sure there should be a way to do this! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:40, 19 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Noting this question comes up again at [[:Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]] (I have [[Disputatio Libri:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|left a note there]]). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:08, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::OK, I have developed templates as this is holding up other people's work. I have based each template on the existing [[:formula:ls]], and avoid duplicating those that already exist using the same method at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. Meantime if anyone has further thoughts about using Visibility Gadget or going another way, I would be very grateful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:02, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::@[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] I have made a very basic template for flexible character switching at [[Formula:Scr]]; this returns the first entry on the book page, and the second in main space, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|qꝫ|que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; would work the same as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
:::::However there is advice on ENWS not to use characters but use HTML entities for CSS reasons, so it is probably better for users to use specific templates. For example, I also created &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; which allows a user to decide what it might best represent, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|;}} or {{po|?}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
:::::In general, using set templates like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}, {{em}}, {{um}}, {{etc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; is much easier for proofing, so I think I will continue to add these where it seems useful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:29, 24 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi folks, so that you know, I have made something of a workaround to be able to enable these features, which works well enough for me. I will perhaps add some guidance somewhere. What I have done:
::::::# Installed the font Garamontio, as it has the qꝫ character, and all the possible ligatures
::::::# Created custom css to apply Garamontio to Wikisource as a whole;  at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css]]; and
::::::# Created (vibecoded) custom javascript at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]]
::::::The second script looks for the various spans with the css style typographic-long-s, and replaces the characters as appropriate. This seems to work surprisingly well, Garamontio does all of the discretionary ligatures etc, and is a very well designed font (fork of EB Garamond, with some extra touches useful here). The issue is of course that this applies to the whole of Latin Wikisource all of the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:35, 25 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]], reading this I wanted to tell you that you could apply styles to a index page, but I see you have already figured it out. Kudos on your progress. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 09:56, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks @[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]]; my list of scribal transformations has got quite long tho. And I need to check on the possible logic of it, some needs to hide and unhide, rather than search and replace. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:08, 15 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 03:08, 28 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== Administrator backlog? ==

Hi there,

I am noticing a lot of pages that say that the current version is not checked; and versions I have amended are not (apparently) displayed because they need approval. Am I right in assuming this is due to a lack of (active) administrator time? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:53, 30 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Relatedly @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] / @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] / other admins, [[Colloquia familiaria]] has an old index page and other old sub pages which could do with changes being approved. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:58, 12 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Ping on this, some of the sub pages are quite broken. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:42, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:I have tried to fix the lack of text in ePub export for [[Noctes Atticae]].
:Unfortunately, it seems that all my submissions require approval (last approval seems to have taken place more than five years ago).
:Is there any way to have &lt;code&gt;class=&quot;ws-export&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to the second &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;table&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; from [[Noctes Atticae]]?
:Many thanks for your help, [[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 19:09, 15 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Mnemonics Book in Latin ==

Dear all,

Over the past month, with the help of others, I’ve been compiling a list of older and often overlooked books on mnemonic techniques available on [[:en:Portal:Mnemonics|Wikisource English]]. Many of these works—some dating back decades or even centuries—offer fascinating insights into how memory has been understood, trained, and improved across different cultures and time periods.

I've recently added a new section to the portal: &quot;Multilingual Works on Mnemonic Techniques.&quot; This is in part because several of the English-language texts reference related works in other languages, particularly Latin.

Unfortunately, many of these referenced works are written in Classical Latin, and my ability to work with them is quite limited—I’ve done what I can, but they remain largely inaccessible to me.

If anyone has expertise in Classical Latin and might be willing to help with these texts, your assistance would be greatly appreciated.

* ''[[:la:Foenix|Foenix]] by [[w:en:Peter of Ravenna|Peter of Ravenna]]'' (1491)
* ''[[:la:Congestorium Artificiose Memorie|Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]'' by Johann Horst von Romberch (1533)

[[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032259.jpg|150px]][[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032269.jpg|150px]]

Here is a discussion form on it 

https://forum.artofmemory.com/t/johannes-romberchs-congestorium-artificiose-memorie/30174

Warm regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 23:15, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, I could help proofing texts you have prepared perhaps? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:: Thanks for offering—I’d really appreciate your help with proofreading.
:: We have two books. Which one would you like to start with?
::*[[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
::*[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]]
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:49, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I can do the pages you have put into the first, as a start for you. BTW the transcribed text does not always look like it originated from the source. It is very correct, but some has different orthography and missed certain parts. That is fine of course if we are correcting to the original. (PS: you might want to create a user account so that you can be notified of replies, hide your IP address, etc). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:57, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I had a go at the first page or two; some of the orthography was removed while other parts were kept. I kept all of it as a first go. See the discussion above about how we treat orthography, hopefully we can address this with templates. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:11, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I'm using Google OCR and some AI tools to pull out text and sometimes translate it into English so I can understand it. If anyone could help me proofread or check it, I’d be super grateful! [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 00:50, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I have added all the templates we need for the special characters / orthography, I will start doing the pages with those. The end result will be that on the main space ebook pages, the chars will toggle on and off, at least once that is properly implemented. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:25, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Noted, sounds good. I’ll try adding to the other pages next time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:10, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:44, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== [[De Principe]] ==

Si vis, quaeso, me adiuva ut liber novus ''[[De Principe]]'' correctus sit et erroribus liber. Nuper completus, ab aliquo alio corrigendus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:14, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== Latin incunabula and other early books ==

Expanding a bit on what I mentioned above, re character toggling, and also working on the books [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
* the Transkribus Latin Incunabula scan does a great job on the heavy gothic style print
* I will see how it does with more Garamond-style texts, in case it works with these
* I have developed a fairly full set of templates for scribal characters, see [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
* I am thinking about using a bot to wholesale search and replace long s, and other scribal characters mapped there
Between these things, the work to transcribe and correct early printed Latin books should be very much reduced. If anyone feels like helping test this out, do give me shout. Meantime I will run tests on Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae to check how well the bot system works. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:50, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:The folks at Wikisource helped create a JS solution for this, see [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]]. The script does a search and replace for what is needed, on the '''first save of a new book page'''; these are the settings for the Incunabula style section of [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|this scan, p 52 onwards]]  for [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]. It seems to work very well and is extremely labour saving! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:59, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== Navigation and validation ==

Hi there, 

I would like to do some work on navigation, to provide some &quot;portal&quot; pages similar to EN Wikisource. For example, this would help with learner texts a lot 9I often get asked how to find these texts, I point to the category pages, but these are very basic.

I would also like to know what we should do about page validation. Some really necessary changes are currently languishing in the backlog. This is an admin only task: should we asking for more administrators, or is this something existing admins here can take on? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:08, 13 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi {{U|JimKillock}} good idea, don't hesitate to start and/or ask for help. That said, I'm not sure to see why this is an admin task (even if, yes, the underlying point is true, we need more admins). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:31, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think the Portal namespace and some modules need setting up which require admin permissions, I will dig a bit further and come back to you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 12:46, 14 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikisource, including this Wikisource, during the '''week of August 25th'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this Wikisource. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''all Wikipedia, Meta, Wikidata''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|disputatio]]) 15:40, 31 Iulii 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae ==

I was looking for templates/formulae by looking at &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

All pages in [[Liber:Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Many (all?) pages in [[Liber:Gallia Christiana, 1715, T1.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, like article [[Gallia Christiana 1715 01/Epistola2]]

These all use [[Formula:Sidenotes begin]]. There is one &quot;[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;oldid=79709&amp;diff=cur pending change]&quot; on this template. But that change puts the category outside the noinclude.
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Please either reject the change or move the categoria line. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:17, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], I don't think anyone from the admins is monitoring or actioning pending changes currently. (see discussions re admin queues above.) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:29, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Shenme}} {{done}} I excluded the categories. {{ping|JimKillock}} no blame but be careful next time, categories should always be excluded. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:28, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|VIGNERON}} It wasn't @JimKillock who made [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=79709 the problematic change], but someone else [[Usor:Ceciliawolf]]. I noticed the problem, he included the problem a list that got your attention. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 02:46, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|Shenme}} yes, but [[Special:Diff/236794]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 06:57, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Request for admin status ==

Hi all, given that we have quite a lot of admin requests (mostly relating to &quot;pending&quot; changes), I would like to request administrator status so that some of these can be cleared. If anyone else wants to step up to help out, that would also be welcome. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:23, 1 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Ping to @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], @[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]]:, @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]:, @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]]:  in case you feel able to support my request. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:57, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi {{U|JimKillock}},
::I apparently missed it, where do we have « a lot of admin requests » ?
::That said, one more admin is always good, so create the request and I'll support it.
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:34, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]], 
:::Thank you! On the admin requests, on this page, here are these
:::* [[#All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae]]
:::* [[#It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace]] (which you have replied to)
:::* [[#Navigation and validation]]
:::* [[#Administrator backlog?]]
:::* [[#Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s)]] (altho this has been worked around and may not be needed)
:::Most of these relate to the ''Pending changes'' backlog in various ways; two are requests for new features / modules to be ported across. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks, I see. It doesn't look like a lot to me, I'll try to deal with it today. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:27, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thank you @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] :) You could also take a look at the pending changes on [[Formula:Pagina_prima/Novae_Aetatis]] and [[Moriae encomium]]. The really big job is going through [[Specialis:PendingChanges|pending changes]] altogether - I understand there is a five year backlog. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:36, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see... I had a quick look and all changes seem good. Do we even need this extension on Wikisource? Also, if we keep it, I guess we need more reviewers rather than admins (more admins would be useful too, but that's a separate point). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 10:35, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Of course, the request needs to be supported; without active administrators it is very inconvenient. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:21, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::What do you need us to do? BTW, it would be great to know why edits require administrator approvals. Sorry, but I‘m afraid this makes contributing almost pointless. Many thanks for your help, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 14:15, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::So there are two reasons it would be helpful for me to be an admin; one is if we carry on with the approval system (it looks like we will not) and the other is around updating or adding certain components, modules for example. There may be other tasks I am not aware of that I could help with, but these are the ones I know about. Implementing Portal pages for example needs some work by an admin AIUI.
:::@[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] your question re edits needing approval is [[#Do_we_need_to_approve_changes_to_pages|addressed below, here]]. 
:::In terms of what you / others need to do, it seems that if there is a consensus to allow me administrator permissions, then a bueaucrat user would implement it (I mistakenly opening a request at meta, and they referred me back here); so we just need to have your views, yes, no, maybe, etc. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:01, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::The page [[Vicifons:Magistratus]], intended for promotion, seems to be protected; I couldn't edit it (''petitio grapheocrat'''ae''''') and add a category ([[:Categoria:Usores]]). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:23, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks, it seems editable now so I [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Petitio_magistratus|added my request there]], if anyone wants to support it. Regarding ''grapheocrates -ae'', how is this declined? Is it otherwise treated as a masculine first declension? Thinking it ought to be added to Wiktionary as it is missing from there. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:00, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::This is [https://archive.org/details/calepinusnovus2002/calepinusnovus2002-french-latin/page/n23/mode/1up?q=grapheocrates from Licoppe and Eichenseer]. Yes, this can be added to Wiktionary, I have no experience editing there. Thanks for the corrections, today the system let me in, but yesterday for some unknown reason it didn’t let me in. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:53, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thank you and no problem. I can add to Wiktionary I hope; is the plural therefore ''grapheocratae''; and is the singular ''grapheocrates'' or ''grapheocrata''? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:14, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Yes, of course. They took the Modern Greek word γραφειοκράτης. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:41, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Great, after a bit of struggle that is at [[:en:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] and  [[:la:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:43, 7 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace ==

It would require someone with interface admin status to create [[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index data config.json]] to replace the current index form parameters ([[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index attributes|very old system]]) with special care to not mass delete information by unadvertedly changing some parameter's name. [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Proofreadpage_index_data_config.json Example from the English Wikisource]. If someone wants to help, please contact me. Regards! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 02:10, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]], potentially - if I have admin status :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:54, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Ignacio Rodríguez}} I did a test (by copy-pasting the English page), it works, so no need to be interface admin, being admin is enough.
::I only half understand that paramater page, could you give me the actual content expected ?
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:38, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::I don't remember all the details but I worked on that page in the Spanish Wikisource almost a decade ago. I'll make a mockup in the talk page, but I can't promise to get all the Latin words right. For ease, parameter names and help tooltips will be in English internally, but they will show in Latin in the form. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::This was added and it now works perfectly. Thanks! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:25, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Do we need to approve changes to pages ==

Hi all,

Moving the discussion regarding the backlog at [[Specialis:PendingChanges]]: @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] asks whether we need to have this feature. I suspect it was switched on because of spam, vandalism, or some other similar issue. Without it we might need to be keeping an eye on recent changes. I am not sure how the proteccted changes permissions works, or whether permissions to make approvals to changes can be delegated more widely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Changes to pages affecting project *function* must be controlled. But it seems that Pending Changes doesn't actually stop changes to something like a template/formula from having effect? See my report about &lt;nowiki&gt;Formula:Sidenotes begin&lt;/nowiki&gt; above.
:And checking a couple of the other initial items in [[Specialis:PendingChanges]], it seems that all pending changes are actually immediately applied to active, visible pages.
:So Pending Changes &lt;u&gt;does not prevent damage&lt;/u&gt; to the project. It is &lt;u&gt;merely a tracking and notification method?&lt;/u&gt;
:That can be useful, but requires a set of people to be change reviewers. And changes to subject matter would seem to require reviewers knowledgeable about the subject? 
:And when changes affect *function*, like templates, who can review and approve those? I'd think only admins.
:The link to monitoring Recent Changes is undeniable. I monitor Recent Changes often at Spanish Wikisource because I've seen the random damage people can do. That is the only way to react quickly to damage. (?) But then that assumes people are checking lists frequently, at least daily. 
:Neither Pending Changes or monitoring Recent Changes prevent damage. They can be only part of a solution to damage. I don't know what to think about Pending Changes ''in isolation''. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:48, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} I've got mainly two points :
::* vandlism is low to inexistant on la.ws (and it's already low on most Wikisources), making this extension useless and even problematic. Because it doesn't prevent changes but it prevents them to be effective.
::** Apparently the reason to install is [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_VII#protection_of_completed_works_-_Flagged_Revisions_as_an_alternative?]]
::* this extension is actually caleld [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs]] and it's deprecated for years (see [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_XI#Futrue_of_FlaggedRevs_(Pending_Changes)_extension]] or the warning on the extension itself « Flagged Revisions is complex, poorly documented, very clunky, and not recommended for production use »). Also, people on Wikisource don't seem to really master or even using it (including the reviewers rights). Maybe it's aan opportunity to list exactly what we need and find a new extension that fit these needs.
::In the end, I see a lot of cons and only a few pros...
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:35, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:I haven't seen any vandalism here in years. But if you fix the errors, the &quot;Pending Changes&quot; status means that the fixes will only be visible to registered users. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} many thanks for your replies. I must admit that I’m an occasional Wikisource (or even Wikipedia contributor). I essentially (or exclusively) contribute corrections.
:Some days ago, I wanted to download an ePub file for the [[Noctes Atticae]] (to do some regexp searches), but the export was wrong. I tried to modify the code (which I have done successfully for the Greek Wikisource many times) and I found out that I needed a ''nihil obstat'' (I’m afraid this would be way to name it).
:Of course, I’m the least interested in vandalism (either contributing it myself, or being any collaborative project being infested/polluted by it). But I think there should be a way of distinguishing between vandalism and non-hardcore (or occasional) contributors.
:I don’t know any perfect system, but it should be worth considering a mixed approach. Approval could be required for: already flagged users (for vandalism) and recent users (how about a five-year publishing embargo?).
:Only to mention a case, my [https://el.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Συμπόσιον_(Πλάτων)&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=49677 first contribution to the Greek Wiksource] was in 2012. I don’t know for how long I have been registered in Wikimedia (I guess this was before 2010).
:This isn’t about myself, the issue here is that Wikisource needs contributions to even exist (not to mention for its growth). If no regular user is allowed to contribute without approval, cooperation is basically non-existing.
:Even with approval, the reply times are incredibly slow (because of the system). It is not that attention spans are getting shorter, time is the most scarce resource we all are (and I don’t have weeks or months to see whether I’m allowed to have [[Noctes Atticae]] as ePub).
:Sorry, the sentence in parentheses isn’t a complaint. Please, do as you please, but my contribution is: consider that you might be making contributions way harder, project growth way slower and administrators’ roles way more complicated (probably, than they could and should be).
:Many thanks for your help and your project, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 17:15, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think there is consensus we can switch this off. Let me know if I can help in any way if you think it's time to switch it off. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:25, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks for the reminder and agreed for removal, so I created a task on Phabricator here : [[Phab:T406424]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:42, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Thanks for filing this @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] , the Wikimedia tech team seem to have finished their work on this now! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:16, 18 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Index page error &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; ==

I am getting an error: at [[:Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; for the paginae listing; even when set to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist 1=1 /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Any clues appreciated! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:48, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:This might be the infamous &quot;0x0 bug&quot; that has plagued Wikisource for two? three? years. Normally it resolves doing a purge in both the file page in Commons and in the local Wikisource. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 19:34, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks, that seems to b working now. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:53, 6 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

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'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:42, 18 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]].

When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]].

'''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.'''

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Chair, Elections Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 04:49, 9 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
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== Quaestio de Archibaldi Pitcarnii scriptoris operum recensione ==

Quaeso ut videatis [[:en:Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne|Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne]] pro indicio operum Archibaldi Pitcarnii auctoris. Haec opera olim sub pagina Anglica erant posita, sed propter Latinam linguam sublata sunt. Possumusne paginam [[Scriptor:Archibaldus Pitcarnius]](?) creare et haec ibi recensere? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 20:45, 19 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

:Libenter tibi pagina scriptoris addetur, ut opera transcriptioni adiungantur! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:36, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

::Gratias ago! Nota quaeso quod, ubi pagina creata erit, eam etiam in Vicidata addendam esse, sicut Anglica pagina [[:en:Author:Archibald Pitcairne]]. --[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 08:50, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Certe, nexus Vicidata ad alias paginas de Archibaldo creandus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:07, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
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== Missal transcription: ℣ and ℟ , and ✠  ==

Hi there, @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] is transcribing [[Liber:Missale Romanum 1862.djvu]], and needs the characters ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ to display for users, when these are in mainspace. We think it may be necessary to use a special / embedded font to do this, as I think was meant for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{blackletter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ({{blackletter|exempli gratia}}; see [[Formula:Blackletter/styles.css]], although this does not seem to be calling a font at the moment). Does anyone have any advice about how we would add a webfont to LAWS's CSS, particularly for ℣ and ℟ ; or if there is a way to use an existing webfont with these characters that might be available to us? (Or if there is some other workable solution). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:58, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Vandalismus ==

Vidi nuper nonnihil vandalismi, qualis in [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Veni,_Veni_Emmanuel!&amp;curid=12961&amp;diff=244803&amp;oldid=244791 hoc] et [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=The_Old_Testament_(Vulgate)/Hieremias_propheta&amp;action=history illo] apparuit. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:02, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:23, 20 Novembris 2025 (UTC)
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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:02, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== Ad magistratus ==

Magistratus venerabiles, potestisne in [[MediaWiki:Edittools|capsam insertionis]] addere haec: &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? — Dear admins, сan you add to the [[MediaWiki:Edittools|quick insert toolbar]] &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 07:09, 3 Februarii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]]: done, sorry for the delay. If you need anything else, please ping me, as I don't normally follow the Scriptorium. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:09, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Gratias ago maximas! [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 08:51, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== Bot Flag Request for [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]] ==

Appologies for posting in English. Also, I could not locate a dedicated page for bot request in {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}, so I am posting here. Please direct me to the correct page if one exists. Thank you.

* '''Bot name''': [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Bot operator''': [[commons:User:Schlurcher]]
* '''Bot task''': Automatically convert links from &lt;code&gt;http://&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;https://&lt;/code&gt; (secure protocol migration)
* '''Technical details''': Please see [[meta:User:SchlurcherBot]] for full details, including the expected number of affected URLs on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}.
* '''Bot flags on other projects''': [[meta:Steward_requests/Bot_status/2025-12#Global_bot_status_for_User:SchlurcherBot|Global bot status granted]]. Also flagged on [[w:en:Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/SchlurcherBot|English Wikipedia]], [[w:de:Wikipedia:Bots/Anträge_auf_Botflag/Archiv/2025#2025-02-14_–_SchlurcherBot|German Wikipedia]], [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Bot/Statut/Archive_12#(Traité)_SchlurcherBot|French Wikipedia]], [[w:it:Wikipedia:Bot/Autorizzazioni/Archivio/2025#SchlurcherBot|Italian Wikipedia]], [[w:pl:Wikipedia:Boty/Zgłoszenia/2025#Wikipedysta:SchlurcherBot|Polish Wikipedia]], [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Robôs/Pedidos_de_aprovação/Arquivo/2025#SchlurcherBot|Portuguese Wikipedia]], and [[commons:Commons:Bots/Requests/SchlurcherBot2|Commons]]. For a full list, see: [[sulutil:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Comment''': The bot is globally approved and active on the top 10 Wikipedia projects. As this wiki has opted out of the global bot policy, I am requesting permission to perform these link updates on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}} as well. Please let me know if a local bot flag can be granted or if you have any questions. Thank you. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 07:53, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]], @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]], @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]], @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]. Please let me know if Bot status can be granted. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 06:48, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]]: fine for me, if there are no objections I'll grant it. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:03, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] OK for me too. --[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 11:41, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] Fine for me too. This checked conversions from http to https are important. [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:06, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::{{Done}} Right granted. @[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]], would you tell us something about you second bot called [[Usor:SchlurcherBotT|SchlurcherBotT]], please? - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:28, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] Thanks for granting the flag. SchlurcherBotT is my secondary Bot account on Commons to test new functionality within the scope of the tasks approved of SchlurcherBot. It's approved for that on Commons. As I'm editing on Commons with &gt;100 edits per minute on a continuous basis, it's basically impossible for me to track selected edits otherwise. I'm not intending to use that secondary account outside of Commons. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 16:14, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== Proofing [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]] ==

If anyone would like to help to do a second proof of [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]], that would be very welcome! I am helping with this as well. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:01, 12 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC)
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== Formula:FI ==

{{tl|FI}} is currently broken and ignores the {{para|width}} param. All images are set to the default size, which is usually very large, like in [[Lirica (Ariosto)]]. [[Usor:Trooper57|Trooper57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trooper57|disputatio]]) 21:06, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)

:Thank you, I guess we should check how it is behaving in the Italian wiki(s)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copyright problem? Appropriate for here? ==

What is going on here?
* [[Scriptor:Coronus_Tenebrosius]]
* [[Contemplationes_Metaphysicae]]
* [[Puteus_Chaosi]]
* [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius]]

No statement of copyright. No proof of authorship. paginae vanitatis ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 08:24, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Cum iure auctoris problemata non habebimus, si auctor ipse opera exponit. Et si delere consilium capiemus, [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Saumache|magistratus non habemus]], qui hoc faciant. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:37, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Salvete.''' '''Nomen meum est Krunoslav Mrkoci, et ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' est interpretatio nominis mei in linguam Latinam, id est identitas mea Latina.''' '''Confirmo me ipsum auctorem esse omnium operum hic editorum. Opera primum Croatice scripta sunt, hic autem in versione Latina proposita.''' '''Praeterea fere omnia opera mea iam antea Croatice edita sunt in forma typographica. Id praesertim ad carmina mea pertinet, quae primum anno 1998 in libello iuvenili edita sunt, deinde in variis commentariis typis impressis, inter quos eminenter numeratur periodicum litterarium, culturalis et scientificum ''Riječi'' (Latine: ''Verba''), quod bis delectum e carminibus meis protulit.''' '''Item magna pars commentationum aliarumque prosarum, quae hic in linguam Latinam conversa sunt, iam antea et typis et forma electronica in Croatia divulgata est.'''  Quaeso ut attendatis ad paginam meam in Wikidata, ubi tam sub nomine Croatico ''Krunoslav Mrkoci'' quam sub nomine Latino ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' ut auctor operum meorum inscriptus sum. Gratias ago pro lectione. '''Coronus Tenebrosius'''.&lt;/blockquote&gt; [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius|Coronus Tenebrosius]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Coronus Tenebrosius|disputatio]]) 12:23, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copying some templates from the English Wikisource ==

Hello,

Would someone please be able to help me get [[s:en:Template:ppoem|en:Template:ppoem]], [[s:en:blackletter|en:blackletter]], [[s:en:Template:he|en:Template:he]], and [[s:en:Template:grc|en:Template:grc]] available to use on this Wikisource, so I can utilize them here? For the blackletter, I've tried [[Formula:Gothica|Gothica]], but that doesn't seem to be rendering properly.

Thanks, [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 00:04, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] I made the shortcut for [[Formula:Graeca]]. You should not need any administror rights to do anything you need, I'll take a look into it. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 09:46, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>leqnc5hyao1essooi7mi47y3o4bdnu3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270973</id>
      <parentid>270964</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T10:57:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Copying some templates from the English Wikisource */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>270973</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="111836" sha1="nuv4pedemrr1l7en94bvq3rys9sfo5f" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
&lt;!--- __NOTOC__ ---&gt;[[Categoria:Vicifons|Scriptorium]]
{{Intraincepti
|w= Vicipaedia:Taberna
|q= Vicicitatio:Taberna
|commons: &lt;!-- Communia --&gt;
|b= Vicilibri:Porta Communis
|wikt= Victionarium:Taberna
|m= &lt;!-- Meta --&gt;
|wikispecies= &lt;!-- Vicispecies --&gt;
|n= &lt;!-- Vicinuntii --&gt;
}}
&lt;div class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:14pt; background:#eef; color:navy; &quot;&gt;
Hac pagina scriptorium Vicifontis est.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;Nunc iam sunt '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' paginae. Hodie '''{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}'''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

{{center|
'''(DE)''' Neue Nachrichten dürfen auf Latein, Französisch, Englisch oder Italienisch gestellt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(EN)''' You can write a new message in Latin, French, English or Italian.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(FR)''' Vous pouvez écrire en latin, en français, en italien ou en anglais.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(IT)''' Potete scrivere in latino, italiano, francese o inglese.&lt;br /&gt;
'''(ALIAE)''' ''Aliis linguis uti potes, sed noli iubere nos facile eas intellegere''
}}
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0em; border: 1px dashed blue; padding: 3px; text-align: center; background: #eef&quot;&gt;
'''[http://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Vicifons:Scriptorium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new   Quaestio nova]'''
&lt;br /&gt;
''Ut sententias antiquiores legas vide [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

{| class=&quot;WSerieV&quot; id=&quot;WBistro&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; float:right; margin-left: 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#fff0ff; text-align:center&quot;
|[[Image:Forum-de-César.jpg|right|210px]]
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif&quot;| '''Scriptorium Vicifontis'''&lt;br/&gt;
----
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; font-family: sans-serif; background-color: #e4e4c9; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0&quot;|'''Alia scriptoria''' 
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; line-height: 1.5em&quot;|
'''[[w:la:Vicipaedia:Taberna|Vicipaedia:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[q:la:Vicicitatio:Taberna|Vicicitatio:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[wikt:la:Victionarium:Taberna|Victionarium:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
|}

&lt;!-- 
Interwiki liks moved to the top of the discussion since button &quot;Quaestio nova&quot; 
appends new entries to physical end of this page
--&gt;

&lt;!-- Interwiki links --&gt;
[[mul:Wikisource:Scriptorium]]
&lt;!-- Interwiki links --&gt;

__TOC__

== IMPORTANT: Admin activity review ==

Hello. A policy regarding the removal of &quot;advanced rights&quot; (administrator, bureaucrat, interface administrator, etc.) was adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] in 2013. According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis with no inactivity policy. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing &quot;advanced rights&quot; from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]].

We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no logged actions for more than 2 years):
# [[User:Barbaking]] (bureaucrat, administrator)

These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards.

However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks, [[Usor:EPIC|EPIC]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:EPIC|disputatio]]) 22:22, 22 Februarii 2025 (UTC)

== Request for updating the text of the Clementine Bible ==

Two months ago, at [[Disputatio:Vulgata Clementina#The Clementine Vulgate Project dead?]] I noted that the links related to ''The Clementine Vulgate Project'', the main source used for the text of the [[Vulgata Clementina]], were dead.

Fortunately, the list of changes made since the import of on Wikisource can be found [https://web.archive.org/web/20240122025223/https://vulsearch.sourceforge.net/clemtext.rss here]. There is also [https://bitbucket.org/clementinetextproject/text/downloads/ a repository] (although I am not sure if it is up to date).

I have no experience in programming or making imports. So, could someone please update the text of [[Vulgata Clementina]] of Wikisource to use the latest version of ''The Clementine Vulgate Project''? [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 10:01, 23 Februarii 2025 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Ser be etre shi|Ser be etre shi]] Are you able to help with this? Ping in case so. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:27, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] Just checking these look like quite a small number of changes, is that right? It may be easiest to do these manually. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:38, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock}} well, my Latin is almost nonexistent, so I cannot do it myself sadly. [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 18:21, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

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My apologies for writing in English.
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I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

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== Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted ==

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The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon.

Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

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== Wikidata and Sister Projects: An online community event ==

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Hello everyone, I am excited to share news of an upcoming online event called '''[[d:Event:Wikidata_and_Sister_Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]]''' celebrating the different ways Wikidata can be used to support or enhance with another Wikimedia project. The event takes place over 4 days between '''May 29 - June 1st, 2025'''.

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If you would like to speak at the event, please fill out this Session Proposal template on the [[d:Event_talk:Wikidata_and_Sister_Projects|event talk page]], where you can also ask any questions you may have. 

I hope to see you at the event, in the audience or as a speaker, - [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 09:19, 11 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
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== Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

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The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines (&quot;UCoC EG&quot;) and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:35, 17 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter&lt;/span&gt; ==

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The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well.

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== Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s) ==

On EN wikisource, they have a template &lt;nowiki&gt;{{longs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to produce ''ſ'' on the transcription page, and by default, ''s'' on the ebook page. users on EN WS can toggle these on and off. 

In this book, [[:la:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']], there are a number of unusual characters that could do with toggling: ''ſ (s); ß (ss); ẽ (en / em) ũ (un / um) æ (ae) ę (ae) õ (on / om) ã (an / am) œ (oe)''. ([[:formula:ls]] already exists here for ſ, and some other characters semi-implemented at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] but the toggling is not switched on.)

In order to implement this:

(1) What would LA WiCategoria:Formulae litterarumkisource need to enable for user toggling of special characters?

(2) Who would I contact (assuming this is an admin task)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:06, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)

:It looks like it would need this installing, as a start: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:13, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|OrbiliusMagister}} as the only active magister! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:16, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|SZC 03}} in case you have an opinion (you made changes at the De Pricipia transcription project which we could implement better with this toggle feature). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:31, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::I would like to point out that not all of the listed characters are of the same kind: 
::* ſ is a variant of s; 
::* ß, æ and œ are [[:w:en:Ligature (writing)|ligatures]] of ſs, ae and oe respectively ([[:w:en:E caudata|ę]] can represent both ae or oe); 
::* ã, ẽ, õ, ũ are used to indicate [[:w:en:Scribal abbreviation|abbreviations]].
::Personally I think it would be somewhat useful to implement the toggle feature only for æ and œ, since of all the ligatures they are the only ones that carry some meaning (that ae or oe in that word is a diphthong) and the only ones that easily show up in search results and correctly displayed in web-browsers.
::Note that both English and Italian wikisources in their transcription guidelines take in consideration the ability of both modern readers and search engines to correctly interpret the character shown (see [[:en:Wikisource:Style guide/Orthography]] and [[:it:Wikisource:Convenzioni di trascrizione]]). Though it would be useful to write rules specific to the Latin wikisource.
::I hope these considerations were of any help. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 07:58, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::In regards to the [[Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']] it would be appropriate to encode the text in a way that we do not lose your work of accurately transcribing the above characters, while still showing to the end user a normalized form. My edit was trying to achieve this with the templates currently in wikisource.
::From a technical standpoint, it would be useful to have a general template not specific to any character that could be used both in ''ad hoc'' situations, and in creating other templates.
::Also if such a template is created for abbreviations it should behave differently from the long s and ligatures, since 1) the text displayed is context dependent, and 2) it is common use in diplomatic transcriptions to show the abbreviated characters in parentheses (so I were taught in paleography class). 
::To give an example of point 2 from the text ([[Pagina:Nicolaus_Machiavellus_De_Principe.pdf/69|page 45]], line 11):
::Original text: Iãq́ꝫ
::Diplomatic transcription: Ia(m)q(ue)
::Standard transcription: Iamque  
::I’m sorry for the lengthy comments. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:02, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I agree something adhoc would be helpful. The template would need to specify 
:::* the text as-is and
:::* the modernised version
:::and hopefully there would be a system to pick up which to display.
:::In terms of the display: this could be the js system, perhaps adapted, that we have on en.ws, or possibly it could be an adjustment to the page templates set up, to allow two different books, or sets of pages, to be presented. This would have the advantage that exports would facilitate both (IDK but suspect that exports support the default rather than user choice). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:48, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I have set out this information in a [[Usor:JimKillock/Orthography|table]] including information about dictionary lookups and likely search engine issues. In short, from a user perspective, all the characters can be problematic, but æ and œ work within Alpheios for dictionary lookups, so are a bit more tolerable than the others from a default perspective. However I think it is useful tobe able to see and use the originals for some people, eg those practicing reading Renaissance scans etc; or researchers or academics looking to use source texts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:09, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|Alex brollo}}, {{ping|VIGNERON}}, {{ping|Candalua}} in case you can help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:38, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] Interesting question. I'll take a look to the ensource template to understand how it works (I hope it is not based on javascript). [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 06:18, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I’m afraid it is based on javascript: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]]
:::To see the button you have to enable the [[:en:Help:Gadget-Visibility|Visibility gadget]]. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:12, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] checking in whether we can implement this, or find another solution. I am holding off further changes until I know how to proceed - but I am sure there should be a way to do this! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:40, 19 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Noting this question comes up again at [[:Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]] (I have [[Disputatio Libri:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|left a note there]]). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:08, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::OK, I have developed templates as this is holding up other people's work. I have based each template on the existing [[:formula:ls]], and avoid duplicating those that already exist using the same method at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. Meantime if anyone has further thoughts about using Visibility Gadget or going another way, I would be very grateful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:02, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::@[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] I have made a very basic template for flexible character switching at [[Formula:Scr]]; this returns the first entry on the book page, and the second in main space, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|qꝫ|que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; would work the same as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
:::::However there is advice on ENWS not to use characters but use HTML entities for CSS reasons, so it is probably better for users to use specific templates. For example, I also created &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; which allows a user to decide what it might best represent, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|;}} or {{po|?}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
:::::In general, using set templates like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}, {{em}}, {{um}}, {{etc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; is much easier for proofing, so I think I will continue to add these where it seems useful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:29, 24 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi folks, so that you know, I have made something of a workaround to be able to enable these features, which works well enough for me. I will perhaps add some guidance somewhere. What I have done:
::::::# Installed the font Garamontio, as it has the qꝫ character, and all the possible ligatures
::::::# Created custom css to apply Garamontio to Wikisource as a whole;  at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css]]; and
::::::# Created (vibecoded) custom javascript at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]]
::::::The second script looks for the various spans with the css style typographic-long-s, and replaces the characters as appropriate. This seems to work surprisingly well, Garamontio does all of the discretionary ligatures etc, and is a very well designed font (fork of EB Garamond, with some extra touches useful here). The issue is of course that this applies to the whole of Latin Wikisource all of the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:35, 25 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]], reading this I wanted to tell you that you could apply styles to a index page, but I see you have already figured it out. Kudos on your progress. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 09:56, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks @[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]]; my list of scribal transformations has got quite long tho. And I need to check on the possible logic of it, some needs to hide and unhide, rather than search and replace. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:08, 15 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 03:08, 28 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== Administrator backlog? ==

Hi there,

I am noticing a lot of pages that say that the current version is not checked; and versions I have amended are not (apparently) displayed because they need approval. Am I right in assuming this is due to a lack of (active) administrator time? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:53, 30 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Relatedly @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] / @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] / other admins, [[Colloquia familiaria]] has an old index page and other old sub pages which could do with changes being approved. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:58, 12 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Ping on this, some of the sub pages are quite broken. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:42, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:I have tried to fix the lack of text in ePub export for [[Noctes Atticae]].
:Unfortunately, it seems that all my submissions require approval (last approval seems to have taken place more than five years ago).
:Is there any way to have &lt;code&gt;class=&quot;ws-export&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to the second &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;table&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; from [[Noctes Atticae]]?
:Many thanks for your help, [[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 19:09, 15 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Mnemonics Book in Latin ==

Dear all,

Over the past month, with the help of others, I’ve been compiling a list of older and often overlooked books on mnemonic techniques available on [[:en:Portal:Mnemonics|Wikisource English]]. Many of these works—some dating back decades or even centuries—offer fascinating insights into how memory has been understood, trained, and improved across different cultures and time periods.

I've recently added a new section to the portal: &quot;Multilingual Works on Mnemonic Techniques.&quot; This is in part because several of the English-language texts reference related works in other languages, particularly Latin.

Unfortunately, many of these referenced works are written in Classical Latin, and my ability to work with them is quite limited—I’ve done what I can, but they remain largely inaccessible to me.

If anyone has expertise in Classical Latin and might be willing to help with these texts, your assistance would be greatly appreciated.

* ''[[:la:Foenix|Foenix]] by [[w:en:Peter of Ravenna|Peter of Ravenna]]'' (1491)
* ''[[:la:Congestorium Artificiose Memorie|Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]'' by Johann Horst von Romberch (1533)

[[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032259.jpg|150px]][[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032269.jpg|150px]]

Here is a discussion form on it 

https://forum.artofmemory.com/t/johannes-romberchs-congestorium-artificiose-memorie/30174

Warm regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 23:15, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, I could help proofing texts you have prepared perhaps? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:: Thanks for offering—I’d really appreciate your help with proofreading.
:: We have two books. Which one would you like to start with?
::*[[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
::*[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]]
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:49, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I can do the pages you have put into the first, as a start for you. BTW the transcribed text does not always look like it originated from the source. It is very correct, but some has different orthography and missed certain parts. That is fine of course if we are correcting to the original. (PS: you might want to create a user account so that you can be notified of replies, hide your IP address, etc). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:57, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I had a go at the first page or two; some of the orthography was removed while other parts were kept. I kept all of it as a first go. See the discussion above about how we treat orthography, hopefully we can address this with templates. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:11, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I'm using Google OCR and some AI tools to pull out text and sometimes translate it into English so I can understand it. If anyone could help me proofread or check it, I’d be super grateful! [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 00:50, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I have added all the templates we need for the special characters / orthography, I will start doing the pages with those. The end result will be that on the main space ebook pages, the chars will toggle on and off, at least once that is properly implemented. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:25, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Noted, sounds good. I’ll try adding to the other pages next time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:10, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:44, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== [[De Principe]] ==

Si vis, quaeso, me adiuva ut liber novus ''[[De Principe]]'' correctus sit et erroribus liber. Nuper completus, ab aliquo alio corrigendus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:14, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== Latin incunabula and other early books ==

Expanding a bit on what I mentioned above, re character toggling, and also working on the books [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
* the Transkribus Latin Incunabula scan does a great job on the heavy gothic style print
* I will see how it does with more Garamond-style texts, in case it works with these
* I have developed a fairly full set of templates for scribal characters, see [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
* I am thinking about using a bot to wholesale search and replace long s, and other scribal characters mapped there
Between these things, the work to transcribe and correct early printed Latin books should be very much reduced. If anyone feels like helping test this out, do give me shout. Meantime I will run tests on Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae to check how well the bot system works. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:50, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:The folks at Wikisource helped create a JS solution for this, see [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]]. The script does a search and replace for what is needed, on the '''first save of a new book page'''; these are the settings for the Incunabula style section of [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|this scan, p 52 onwards]]  for [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]. It seems to work very well and is extremely labour saving! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:59, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== Navigation and validation ==

Hi there, 

I would like to do some work on navigation, to provide some &quot;portal&quot; pages similar to EN Wikisource. For example, this would help with learner texts a lot 9I often get asked how to find these texts, I point to the category pages, but these are very basic.

I would also like to know what we should do about page validation. Some really necessary changes are currently languishing in the backlog. This is an admin only task: should we asking for more administrators, or is this something existing admins here can take on? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:08, 13 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi {{U|JimKillock}} good idea, don't hesitate to start and/or ask for help. That said, I'm not sure to see why this is an admin task (even if, yes, the underlying point is true, we need more admins). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:31, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think the Portal namespace and some modules need setting up which require admin permissions, I will dig a bit further and come back to you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 12:46, 14 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikisource, including this Wikisource, during the '''week of August 25th'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this Wikisource. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''all Wikipedia, Meta, Wikidata''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|disputatio]]) 15:40, 31 Iulii 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
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== All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae ==

I was looking for templates/formulae by looking at &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

All pages in [[Liber:Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Many (all?) pages in [[Liber:Gallia Christiana, 1715, T1.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, like article [[Gallia Christiana 1715 01/Epistola2]]

These all use [[Formula:Sidenotes begin]]. There is one &quot;[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;oldid=79709&amp;diff=cur pending change]&quot; on this template. But that change puts the category outside the noinclude.
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Please either reject the change or move the categoria line. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:17, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], I don't think anyone from the admins is monitoring or actioning pending changes currently. (see discussions re admin queues above.) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:29, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Shenme}} {{done}} I excluded the categories. {{ping|JimKillock}} no blame but be careful next time, categories should always be excluded. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:28, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|VIGNERON}} It wasn't @JimKillock who made [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=79709 the problematic change], but someone else [[Usor:Ceciliawolf]]. I noticed the problem, he included the problem a list that got your attention. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 02:46, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|Shenme}} yes, but [[Special:Diff/236794]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 06:57, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Request for admin status ==

Hi all, given that we have quite a lot of admin requests (mostly relating to &quot;pending&quot; changes), I would like to request administrator status so that some of these can be cleared. If anyone else wants to step up to help out, that would also be welcome. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:23, 1 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Ping to @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], @[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]]:, @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]:, @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]]:  in case you feel able to support my request. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:57, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi {{U|JimKillock}},
::I apparently missed it, where do we have « a lot of admin requests » ?
::That said, one more admin is always good, so create the request and I'll support it.
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:34, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]], 
:::Thank you! On the admin requests, on this page, here are these
:::* [[#All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae]]
:::* [[#It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace]] (which you have replied to)
:::* [[#Navigation and validation]]
:::* [[#Administrator backlog?]]
:::* [[#Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s)]] (altho this has been worked around and may not be needed)
:::Most of these relate to the ''Pending changes'' backlog in various ways; two are requests for new features / modules to be ported across. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks, I see. It doesn't look like a lot to me, I'll try to deal with it today. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:27, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thank you @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] :) You could also take a look at the pending changes on [[Formula:Pagina_prima/Novae_Aetatis]] and [[Moriae encomium]]. The really big job is going through [[Specialis:PendingChanges|pending changes]] altogether - I understand there is a five year backlog. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:36, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see... I had a quick look and all changes seem good. Do we even need this extension on Wikisource? Also, if we keep it, I guess we need more reviewers rather than admins (more admins would be useful too, but that's a separate point). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 10:35, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Of course, the request needs to be supported; without active administrators it is very inconvenient. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:21, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::What do you need us to do? BTW, it would be great to know why edits require administrator approvals. Sorry, but I‘m afraid this makes contributing almost pointless. Many thanks for your help, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 14:15, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::So there are two reasons it would be helpful for me to be an admin; one is if we carry on with the approval system (it looks like we will not) and the other is around updating or adding certain components, modules for example. There may be other tasks I am not aware of that I could help with, but these are the ones I know about. Implementing Portal pages for example needs some work by an admin AIUI.
:::@[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] your question re edits needing approval is [[#Do_we_need_to_approve_changes_to_pages|addressed below, here]]. 
:::In terms of what you / others need to do, it seems that if there is a consensus to allow me administrator permissions, then a bueaucrat user would implement it (I mistakenly opening a request at meta, and they referred me back here); so we just need to have your views, yes, no, maybe, etc. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:01, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::The page [[Vicifons:Magistratus]], intended for promotion, seems to be protected; I couldn't edit it (''petitio grapheocrat'''ae''''') and add a category ([[:Categoria:Usores]]). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:23, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks, it seems editable now so I [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Petitio_magistratus|added my request there]], if anyone wants to support it. Regarding ''grapheocrates -ae'', how is this declined? Is it otherwise treated as a masculine first declension? Thinking it ought to be added to Wiktionary as it is missing from there. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:00, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::This is [https://archive.org/details/calepinusnovus2002/calepinusnovus2002-french-latin/page/n23/mode/1up?q=grapheocrates from Licoppe and Eichenseer]. Yes, this can be added to Wiktionary, I have no experience editing there. Thanks for the corrections, today the system let me in, but yesterday for some unknown reason it didn’t let me in. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:53, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thank you and no problem. I can add to Wiktionary I hope; is the plural therefore ''grapheocratae''; and is the singular ''grapheocrates'' or ''grapheocrata''? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:14, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Yes, of course. They took the Modern Greek word γραφειοκράτης. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:41, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Great, after a bit of struggle that is at [[:en:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] and  [[:la:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:43, 7 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace ==

It would require someone with interface admin status to create [[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index data config.json]] to replace the current index form parameters ([[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index attributes|very old system]]) with special care to not mass delete information by unadvertedly changing some parameter's name. [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Proofreadpage_index_data_config.json Example from the English Wikisource]. If someone wants to help, please contact me. Regards! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 02:10, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]], potentially - if I have admin status :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:54, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Ignacio Rodríguez}} I did a test (by copy-pasting the English page), it works, so no need to be interface admin, being admin is enough.
::I only half understand that paramater page, could you give me the actual content expected ?
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:38, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::I don't remember all the details but I worked on that page in the Spanish Wikisource almost a decade ago. I'll make a mockup in the talk page, but I can't promise to get all the Latin words right. For ease, parameter names and help tooltips will be in English internally, but they will show in Latin in the form. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::This was added and it now works perfectly. Thanks! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:25, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Do we need to approve changes to pages ==

Hi all,

Moving the discussion regarding the backlog at [[Specialis:PendingChanges]]: @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] asks whether we need to have this feature. I suspect it was switched on because of spam, vandalism, or some other similar issue. Without it we might need to be keeping an eye on recent changes. I am not sure how the proteccted changes permissions works, or whether permissions to make approvals to changes can be delegated more widely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Changes to pages affecting project *function* must be controlled. But it seems that Pending Changes doesn't actually stop changes to something like a template/formula from having effect? See my report about &lt;nowiki&gt;Formula:Sidenotes begin&lt;/nowiki&gt; above.
:And checking a couple of the other initial items in [[Specialis:PendingChanges]], it seems that all pending changes are actually immediately applied to active, visible pages.
:So Pending Changes &lt;u&gt;does not prevent damage&lt;/u&gt; to the project. It is &lt;u&gt;merely a tracking and notification method?&lt;/u&gt;
:That can be useful, but requires a set of people to be change reviewers. And changes to subject matter would seem to require reviewers knowledgeable about the subject? 
:And when changes affect *function*, like templates, who can review and approve those? I'd think only admins.
:The link to monitoring Recent Changes is undeniable. I monitor Recent Changes often at Spanish Wikisource because I've seen the random damage people can do. That is the only way to react quickly to damage. (?) But then that assumes people are checking lists frequently, at least daily. 
:Neither Pending Changes or monitoring Recent Changes prevent damage. They can be only part of a solution to damage. I don't know what to think about Pending Changes ''in isolation''. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:48, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} I've got mainly two points :
::* vandlism is low to inexistant on la.ws (and it's already low on most Wikisources), making this extension useless and even problematic. Because it doesn't prevent changes but it prevents them to be effective.
::** Apparently the reason to install is [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_VII#protection_of_completed_works_-_Flagged_Revisions_as_an_alternative?]]
::* this extension is actually caleld [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs]] and it's deprecated for years (see [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_XI#Futrue_of_FlaggedRevs_(Pending_Changes)_extension]] or the warning on the extension itself « Flagged Revisions is complex, poorly documented, very clunky, and not recommended for production use »). Also, people on Wikisource don't seem to really master or even using it (including the reviewers rights). Maybe it's aan opportunity to list exactly what we need and find a new extension that fit these needs.
::In the end, I see a lot of cons and only a few pros...
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:35, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:I haven't seen any vandalism here in years. But if you fix the errors, the &quot;Pending Changes&quot; status means that the fixes will only be visible to registered users. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} many thanks for your replies. I must admit that I’m an occasional Wikisource (or even Wikipedia contributor). I essentially (or exclusively) contribute corrections.
:Some days ago, I wanted to download an ePub file for the [[Noctes Atticae]] (to do some regexp searches), but the export was wrong. I tried to modify the code (which I have done successfully for the Greek Wikisource many times) and I found out that I needed a ''nihil obstat'' (I’m afraid this would be way to name it).
:Of course, I’m the least interested in vandalism (either contributing it myself, or being any collaborative project being infested/polluted by it). But I think there should be a way of distinguishing between vandalism and non-hardcore (or occasional) contributors.
:I don’t know any perfect system, but it should be worth considering a mixed approach. Approval could be required for: already flagged users (for vandalism) and recent users (how about a five-year publishing embargo?).
:Only to mention a case, my [https://el.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Συμπόσιον_(Πλάτων)&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=49677 first contribution to the Greek Wiksource] was in 2012. I don’t know for how long I have been registered in Wikimedia (I guess this was before 2010).
:This isn’t about myself, the issue here is that Wikisource needs contributions to even exist (not to mention for its growth). If no regular user is allowed to contribute without approval, cooperation is basically non-existing.
:Even with approval, the reply times are incredibly slow (because of the system). It is not that attention spans are getting shorter, time is the most scarce resource we all are (and I don’t have weeks or months to see whether I’m allowed to have [[Noctes Atticae]] as ePub).
:Sorry, the sentence in parentheses isn’t a complaint. Please, do as you please, but my contribution is: consider that you might be making contributions way harder, project growth way slower and administrators’ roles way more complicated (probably, than they could and should be).
:Many thanks for your help and your project, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 17:15, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think there is consensus we can switch this off. Let me know if I can help in any way if you think it's time to switch it off. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:25, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks for the reminder and agreed for removal, so I created a task on Phabricator here : [[Phab:T406424]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:42, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Thanks for filing this @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] , the Wikimedia tech team seem to have finished their work on this now! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:16, 18 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Index page error &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; ==

I am getting an error: at [[:Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; for the paginae listing; even when set to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist 1=1 /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Any clues appreciated! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:48, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:This might be the infamous &quot;0x0 bug&quot; that has plagued Wikisource for two? three? years. Normally it resolves doing a purge in both the file page in Commons and in the local Wikisource. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 19:34, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks, that seems to b working now. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:53, 6 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:42, 18 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]].

When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]].

'''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.'''

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Chair, Elections Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 04:49, 9 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
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== Quaestio de Archibaldi Pitcarnii scriptoris operum recensione ==

Quaeso ut videatis [[:en:Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne|Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne]] pro indicio operum Archibaldi Pitcarnii auctoris. Haec opera olim sub pagina Anglica erant posita, sed propter Latinam linguam sublata sunt. Possumusne paginam [[Scriptor:Archibaldus Pitcarnius]](?) creare et haec ibi recensere? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 20:45, 19 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

:Libenter tibi pagina scriptoris addetur, ut opera transcriptioni adiungantur! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:36, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

::Gratias ago! Nota quaeso quod, ubi pagina creata erit, eam etiam in Vicidata addendam esse, sicut Anglica pagina [[:en:Author:Archibald Pitcairne]]. --[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 08:50, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Certe, nexus Vicidata ad alias paginas de Archibaldo creandus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:07, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
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== Missal transcription: ℣ and ℟ , and ✠  ==

Hi there, @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] is transcribing [[Liber:Missale Romanum 1862.djvu]], and needs the characters ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ to display for users, when these are in mainspace. We think it may be necessary to use a special / embedded font to do this, as I think was meant for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{blackletter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ({{blackletter|exempli gratia}}; see [[Formula:Blackletter/styles.css]], although this does not seem to be calling a font at the moment). Does anyone have any advice about how we would add a webfont to LAWS's CSS, particularly for ℣ and ℟ ; or if there is a way to use an existing webfont with these characters that might be available to us? (Or if there is some other workable solution). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:58, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Vandalismus ==

Vidi nuper nonnihil vandalismi, qualis in [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Veni,_Veni_Emmanuel!&amp;curid=12961&amp;diff=244803&amp;oldid=244791 hoc] et [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=The_Old_Testament_(Vulgate)/Hieremias_propheta&amp;action=history illo] apparuit. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:02, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:23, 20 Novembris 2025 (UTC)
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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:02, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== Ad magistratus ==

Magistratus venerabiles, potestisne in [[MediaWiki:Edittools|capsam insertionis]] addere haec: &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? — Dear admins, сan you add to the [[MediaWiki:Edittools|quick insert toolbar]] &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 07:09, 3 Februarii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]]: done, sorry for the delay. If you need anything else, please ping me, as I don't normally follow the Scriptorium. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:09, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Gratias ago maximas! [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 08:51, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29941252 --&gt;

== Bot Flag Request for [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]] ==

Appologies for posting in English. Also, I could not locate a dedicated page for bot request in {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}, so I am posting here. Please direct me to the correct page if one exists. Thank you.

* '''Bot name''': [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Bot operator''': [[commons:User:Schlurcher]]
* '''Bot task''': Automatically convert links from &lt;code&gt;http://&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;https://&lt;/code&gt; (secure protocol migration)
* '''Technical details''': Please see [[meta:User:SchlurcherBot]] for full details, including the expected number of affected URLs on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}.
* '''Bot flags on other projects''': [[meta:Steward_requests/Bot_status/2025-12#Global_bot_status_for_User:SchlurcherBot|Global bot status granted]]. Also flagged on [[w:en:Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/SchlurcherBot|English Wikipedia]], [[w:de:Wikipedia:Bots/Anträge_auf_Botflag/Archiv/2025#2025-02-14_–_SchlurcherBot|German Wikipedia]], [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Bot/Statut/Archive_12#(Traité)_SchlurcherBot|French Wikipedia]], [[w:it:Wikipedia:Bot/Autorizzazioni/Archivio/2025#SchlurcherBot|Italian Wikipedia]], [[w:pl:Wikipedia:Boty/Zgłoszenia/2025#Wikipedysta:SchlurcherBot|Polish Wikipedia]], [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Robôs/Pedidos_de_aprovação/Arquivo/2025#SchlurcherBot|Portuguese Wikipedia]], and [[commons:Commons:Bots/Requests/SchlurcherBot2|Commons]]. For a full list, see: [[sulutil:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Comment''': The bot is globally approved and active on the top 10 Wikipedia projects. As this wiki has opted out of the global bot policy, I am requesting permission to perform these link updates on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}} as well. Please let me know if a local bot flag can be granted or if you have any questions. Thank you. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 07:53, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]], @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]], @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]], @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]. Please let me know if Bot status can be granted. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 06:48, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]]: fine for me, if there are no objections I'll grant it. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:03, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] OK for me too. --[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 11:41, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] Fine for me too. This checked conversions from http to https are important. [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:06, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::{{Done}} Right granted. @[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]], would you tell us something about you second bot called [[Usor:SchlurcherBotT|SchlurcherBotT]], please? - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:28, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] Thanks for granting the flag. SchlurcherBotT is my secondary Bot account on Commons to test new functionality within the scope of the tasks approved of SchlurcherBot. It's approved for that on Commons. As I'm editing on Commons with &gt;100 edits per minute on a continuous basis, it's basically impossible for me to track selected edits otherwise. I'm not intending to use that secondary account outside of Commons. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 16:14, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30424282 --&gt;

== Proofing [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]] ==

If anyone would like to help to do a second proof of [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]], that would be very welcome! I am helping with this as well. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:01, 12 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== Formula:FI ==

{{tl|FI}} is currently broken and ignores the {{para|width}} param. All images are set to the default size, which is usually very large, like in [[Lirica (Ariosto)]]. [[Usor:Trooper57|Trooper57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trooper57|disputatio]]) 21:06, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)

:Thank you, I guess we should check how it is behaving in the Italian wiki(s)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copyright problem? Appropriate for here? ==

What is going on here?
* [[Scriptor:Coronus_Tenebrosius]]
* [[Contemplationes_Metaphysicae]]
* [[Puteus_Chaosi]]
* [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius]]

No statement of copyright. No proof of authorship. paginae vanitatis ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 08:24, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Cum iure auctoris problemata non habebimus, si auctor ipse opera exponit. Et si delere consilium capiemus, [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Saumache|magistratus non habemus]], qui hoc faciant. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:37, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Salvete.''' '''Nomen meum est Krunoslav Mrkoci, et ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' est interpretatio nominis mei in linguam Latinam, id est identitas mea Latina.''' '''Confirmo me ipsum auctorem esse omnium operum hic editorum. Opera primum Croatice scripta sunt, hic autem in versione Latina proposita.''' '''Praeterea fere omnia opera mea iam antea Croatice edita sunt in forma typographica. Id praesertim ad carmina mea pertinet, quae primum anno 1998 in libello iuvenili edita sunt, deinde in variis commentariis typis impressis, inter quos eminenter numeratur periodicum litterarium, culturalis et scientificum ''Riječi'' (Latine: ''Verba''), quod bis delectum e carminibus meis protulit.''' '''Item magna pars commentationum aliarumque prosarum, quae hic in linguam Latinam conversa sunt, iam antea et typis et forma electronica in Croatia divulgata est.'''  Quaeso ut attendatis ad paginam meam in Wikidata, ubi tam sub nomine Croatico ''Krunoslav Mrkoci'' quam sub nomine Latino ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' ut auctor operum meorum inscriptus sum. Gratias ago pro lectione. '''Coronus Tenebrosius'''.&lt;/blockquote&gt; [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius|Coronus Tenebrosius]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Coronus Tenebrosius|disputatio]]) 12:23, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copying some templates from the English Wikisource ==

Hello,

Would someone please be able to help me get [[s:en:Template:ppoem|en:Template:ppoem]], [[s:en:blackletter|en:blackletter]], [[s:en:Template:he|en:Template:he]], and [[s:en:Template:grc|en:Template:grc]] available to use on this Wikisource, so I can utilize them here? For the blackletter, I've tried [[Formula:Gothica|Gothica]], but that doesn't seem to be rendering properly.

Thanks, [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 00:04, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] I made the shortcut for [[Formula:Graeca]]. You should not need any administror rights to do anything you need, I'll take a look into it. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 09:46, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:Blackletter is already here, [[:Formula:Gothica]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:57, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>nuv4pedemrr1l7en94bvq3rys9sfo5f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vicifons:Magistratus</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>3566</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270955</id>
      <parentid>270702</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T00:04:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Erblanchard57</username>
        <id>30712</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Copying some templates from the English Wikisource */ nova pars</comment>
      <origin>270955</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4476" sha1="6nq2n8bze2qtpt4nr23te11703s3c3a" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
'''Magistratus''' possunt [[Vicifons:Deletio|paginas delere]], deletas (vel mutatas) restituere, omnino aut partim [[Vicifons:Paginae protectae|protegere]], usoribus obstruere nuntiaque interficialia recensere et [[Vicifons:Spatium nominale|spatium nominale]] MediaWiki recensere.

Quisque magistratus apud Vicipaediam aequali communique suffragio eligitur: [[#Petitio magistratus]]. 

Haec pagina [[Specialis:Listusers/sysop|Index Magistratuum]] est.

# {{Usor|Alex brollo}} (Grapheocrates, Magistratus)
# {{Usor|Candalua}} (Grapheocrates, Magistratus)
# {{Usor|OrbiliusMagister}} (Grapheocrates, Magistratus)
# {{Usor|VIGNERON}} (Grapheocrates, Magistratus) 
# {{Usor|JimKillock}} (Magistratus) 
# {{Usor|Saumache}} (Magistratus)

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;'''Census magistrātuum:'''  [http://tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/adminstats/?project=la.wikisource.org&amp;begin=2001-01-01&amp;end= unquam]&lt;/span&gt;

[[Vicifons:Magistratus/Vetera|Vetera]]

==Petitio grapheocratae==

==Petitio magistratus==

===JimKillock===
{{Usor|JimKillock}} I have been editing Wikisource for many years and have added a good couple of dozen texts. There are a few modules I would like to install and I would like to help clear the pending changes backlog, and generally help to have a bit more administrator availability here.
#'''Support'''. Of course, there are no active administrators, but the resource can be improved. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:44, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
#'''Support''' No native speakers around, and Jim has a consistent five years streak of regular and positive contributions. I don't see why he shouldn't become a Magistratus. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:30, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
#'''Support'''. ''Promoveatur''! - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:04, 21 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

{{Factum}} Congrats {{Usor|JimKillock}}! Salve, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 20:18, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Gratias maximas! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 21:51, 11 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

===Saumache===
Primum wiktionarianus sum, ad textus corrigendos variisque normam inlatum hic veni. [[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua#Ad magistratum merendum]] vide. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 15:31, 21 Maii 2026 (UTC)
#'''Promoveatur.''' Magistratus activi paene absunt, pagina prima iam diu obsoleta est, multae paginae delendae sunt. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:25, 21 Maii 2026 (UTC)
#:Faciamus ''ping'' et ceteris magistratibus nostris: [[Usor:VIGNERON]], [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister]], [[Usor:Alex brollo]]. Fortasse ipsi haec facienda facient, vel Saumache vel Iacobo Killock iura magistratus dabunt. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 17:16, 23 Maii 2026 (UTC)
#::Equidem absunt, plerique enim longius mense non affuerunt; mirorque vos non JimKillock praemovisse, cum magistratui dicendo una foveritis. Opperiar. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 20:45, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC)

#'''Promoveatur.''' Consentio plures magistros constituendos esse. :[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:24, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


{{Factum}} Congrats {{Usor|Saumache}}! Salve, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 20:18, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] Utinam mihi paucis cum Gallicis verbis contacturum esse prius scissem! Gratias tibi maximas ago. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 20:36, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


[[Categoria:Usores]]

== Copying some templates from the English Wikisource ==

Hello,

Would someone please be able to help me get [[s:en:Template:ppoem|en:Template:ppoem]], [[s:en:blackletter|en:blackletter]], [[s:en:Template:he|en:Template:he]], and [[s:en:Template:grc|en:Template:grc]] available to use on this Wikisource, so I can utilize them here? For the blackletter, I've tried [[Formula:Gothica|Gothica]], but that doesn't seem to be rendering properly.

Thanks, [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 00:04, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>6nq2n8bze2qtpt4nr23te11703s3c3a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270961</id>
      <parentid>270955</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T09:43:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>moved to the Scriptorium</comment>
      <origin>270961</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3910" sha1="sz3qvwa52lumwtap6vw9hy2qqyzq8o5" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
'''Magistratus''' possunt [[Vicifons:Deletio|paginas delere]], deletas (vel mutatas) restituere, omnino aut partim [[Vicifons:Paginae protectae|protegere]], usoribus obstruere nuntiaque interficialia recensere et [[Vicifons:Spatium nominale|spatium nominale]] MediaWiki recensere.

Quisque magistratus apud Vicipaediam aequali communique suffragio eligitur: [[#Petitio magistratus]]. 

Haec pagina [[Specialis:Listusers/sysop|Index Magistratuum]] est.

# {{Usor|Alex brollo}} (Grapheocrates, Magistratus)
# {{Usor|Candalua}} (Grapheocrates, Magistratus)
# {{Usor|OrbiliusMagister}} (Grapheocrates, Magistratus)
# {{Usor|VIGNERON}} (Grapheocrates, Magistratus) 
# {{Usor|JimKillock}} (Magistratus) 
# {{Usor|Saumache}} (Magistratus)

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;'''Census magistrātuum:'''  [http://tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/adminstats/?project=la.wikisource.org&amp;begin=2001-01-01&amp;end= unquam]&lt;/span&gt;

[[Vicifons:Magistratus/Vetera|Vetera]]

==Petitio grapheocratae==

==Petitio magistratus==

===JimKillock===
{{Usor|JimKillock}} I have been editing Wikisource for many years and have added a good couple of dozen texts. There are a few modules I would like to install and I would like to help clear the pending changes backlog, and generally help to have a bit more administrator availability here.
#'''Support'''. Of course, there are no active administrators, but the resource can be improved. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:44, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
#'''Support''' No native speakers around, and Jim has a consistent five years streak of regular and positive contributions. I don't see why he shouldn't become a Magistratus. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:30, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
#'''Support'''. ''Promoveatur''! - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:04, 21 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

{{Factum}} Congrats {{Usor|JimKillock}}! Salve, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 20:18, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Gratias maximas! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 21:51, 11 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

===Saumache===
Primum wiktionarianus sum, ad textus corrigendos variisque normam inlatum hic veni. [[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua#Ad magistratum merendum]] vide. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 15:31, 21 Maii 2026 (UTC)
#'''Promoveatur.''' Magistratus activi paene absunt, pagina prima iam diu obsoleta est, multae paginae delendae sunt. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:25, 21 Maii 2026 (UTC)
#:Faciamus ''ping'' et ceteris magistratibus nostris: [[Usor:VIGNERON]], [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister]], [[Usor:Alex brollo]]. Fortasse ipsi haec facienda facient, vel Saumache vel Iacobo Killock iura magistratus dabunt. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 17:16, 23 Maii 2026 (UTC)
#::Equidem absunt, plerique enim longius mense non affuerunt; mirorque vos non JimKillock praemovisse, cum magistratui dicendo una foveritis. Opperiar. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 20:45, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC)

#'''Promoveatur.''' Consentio plures magistros constituendos esse. :[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:24, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


{{Factum}} Congrats {{Usor|Saumache}}! Salve, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 20:18, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] Utinam mihi paucis cum Gallicis verbis contacturum esse prius scissem! Gratias tibi maximas ago. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 20:36, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


[[Categoria:Usores]]</text>
      <sha1>sz3qvwa52lumwtap6vw9hy2qqyzq8o5</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:AEC</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>10560</id>
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      <id>270798</id>
      <parentid>238150</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T15:36:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="202" sha1="r94w1wa2yl5u7ijnvw2e48wp8xco5lg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;Æ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|Æ|AE}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>r94w1wa2yl5u7ijnvw2e48wp8xco5lg</sha1>
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    <title>Formula:Ae</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
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[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3vnf7scu5rty0x1pgy1rmtwqjqteeds</sha1>
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  <page>
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    <ns>10</ns>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="209" sha1="f4fetvongkt1zf4dty2o6923f0hfloy" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;&amp;#383;&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|&amp;#383;|s}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>f4fetvongkt1zf4dty2o6923f0hfloy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Qz</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>15533</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270850</id>
      <parentid>233154</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T16:47:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270850</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="207" sha1="fl0n3xs8an6xpfee7fpn1ntwjr0ug7z" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;qꝫ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|qꝫ|que}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fl0n3xs8an6xpfee7fpn1ntwjr0ug7z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Oe</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>19384</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270837</id>
      <parentid>233314</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T16:41:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270837</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="202" sha1="9joeusceuuf48fpi600q3uefzhicvix" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;œ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|œ|oe}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9joeusceuuf48fpi600q3uefzhicvix</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ss</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>19413</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270795</id>
      <parentid>233155</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T15:34:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270795</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="202" sha1="gw639puk2s2s05ugbqfqc2a53tz30mu" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ß&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ß|ss}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gw639puk2s2s05ugbqfqc2a53tz30mu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Categoria:Formulae litterarum</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>20488</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270911</id>
      <parentid>270771</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T18:03:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270911</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6268" sha1="7bryrpp7qgpmj1byxp3ns0zca19op6k" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis || Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;   || ã  || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ẽ|| en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ẽ || em  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ĩ || im  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ĩ || in  ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || õ || om  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||  ũ || un  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ũ || um  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ę || ae   || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ę || oe   || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||  ß || ss || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||  &amp; || et || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]]
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore ||  || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is ||  || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es  ||  || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con  ||  || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || {{ↄ̨|om}}  ||  || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || dñi || domini || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || terminus verbi
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃}} || usor || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || same as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|ua}}{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et;  ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a ||  || ra, aut definitus ab usore
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave! noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbrevationes alias
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||  || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contra
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>7bryrpp7qgpmj1byxp3ns0zca19op6k</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270914</id>
      <parentid>270911</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T18:57:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270914</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6587" sha1="c2gv536r0lq21h61ogrxam4lca744d6" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis || Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct ligatum || ct || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si ligatum || si || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſſ ligatum || ss || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſsi ligatum || ssi || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;   || ã  || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ẽ|| en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ẽ || em  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ĩ || im  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ĩ || in  ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || õ || om  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||  ũ || un  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ũ || um  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ę || ae   || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ę || oe   || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||  ß || ss || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||  &amp; || et || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]]
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore ||  || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is ||  || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es  ||  || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con  ||  || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || {{ↄ̨|om}}  ||  || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || dñi || domini || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || terminus verbi
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃}} || usor || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || same as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|ua}}{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et;  ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a ||  || ra, aut definitus ab usore
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave! noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbrevationes alias
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||  || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contra
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>c2gv536r0lq21h61ogrxam4lca744d6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270915</id>
      <parentid>270914</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:00:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>plurima</comment>
      <origin>270915</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8001" sha1="3xjjug8pc1ii8hmj0q5qa9p3ta0b64z" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis || Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct ligatum || ct || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si ligatum || si || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſſ ligatum || ss || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſsi ligatum || ssi || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;   || ã  || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ẽ|| en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ẽ || em  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ĩ || im  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ĩ || in  ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || õ || om  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||  ũ || un  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ũ || um  || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ę || ae   || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || ę || oe   || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||  ß || ss || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||  &amp; || et || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]]
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore ||  || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is ||  || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es  ||  || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con  ||  || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || {{ↄ̨|om}}  ||  || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  || dñi || domini || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || terminus verbi
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃}} || usor || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || same as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|ua}}{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et;  ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod ||  ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a ||  || ra, aut definitus ab usore
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel ||{ ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || ||
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave! noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbrevationes alias
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; ||  || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contra
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>3xjjug8pc1ii8hmj0q5qa9p3ta0b64z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270917</id>
      <parentid>270915</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:03:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270917</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9896" sha1="67mn6ovkgbvqxyboh4p6y6yjotajv6u" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct ligatum || ct || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si ligatum || si || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſſ ligatum || ss || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſsi ligatum || ssi || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || om || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Idem ac &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|ua}}{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>67mn6ovkgbvqxyboh4p6y6yjotajv6u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270918</id>
      <parentid>270917</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:04:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270918</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9896" sha1="n15szy2n6ue6o05ig4a2h2mw903853c" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct ligatum || ct || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si ligatum || si || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſſ ligatum || ss || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſsi ligatum || ssi || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || om || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Idem ac &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|ua}}{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>n15szy2n6ue6o05ig4a2h2mw903853c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270919</id>
      <parentid>270918</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:05:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270919</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9896" sha1="idhll51ge65o8eyfrl64cw96rchr4ix" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct ligatum || ct || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si ligatum || si || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſſ ligatum || ss || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſsi ligatum || ssi || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || om || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Idem ac &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|ua}}{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>idhll51ge65o8eyfrl64cw96rchr4ix</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270920</id>
      <parentid>270919</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:06:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270920</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9973" sha1="569gapedu1wrzg57mr0cpz6bdx1nhmv" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct ligatum || ct || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si ligatum || si || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſſ ligatum || ss || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſsi ligatum || ssi || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || om || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Idem ac &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|ua}}{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>569gapedu1wrzg57mr0cpz6bdx1nhmv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270921</id>
      <parentid>270920</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:08:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270921</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9972" sha1="3azily4hzrnr33qfqtir8413e9zvkpv" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct ligatum || ct || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si ligatum || si || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſſ ligatum || ss || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſsi ligatum || ssi || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Œ|| Oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || om || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Idem ac &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|ua}}{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>3azily4hzrnr33qfqtir8413e9zvkpv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270922</id>
      <parentid>270921</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:10:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270922</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9976" sha1="f7wd39t23hlgn5ynhbe014yyaken91j" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct ligatum || ct || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si ligatum || si || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſſ ligatum || ss || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſsi ligatum || ssi || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Œ|| Oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || om || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃|m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Idem ac &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|ua}}{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>f7wd39t23hlgn5ynhbe014yyaken91j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270924</id>
      <parentid>270922</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:13:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270924</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9950" sha1="gmebtpjizlc4af1v8vd98ws472xqvk4" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct ligatum || ct || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si ligatum || si || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſſ ligatum || ss || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſsi ligatum || ssi || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Œ|| Oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || om || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃|m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Forma contracta
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>gmebtpjizlc4af1v8vd98ws472xqvk4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270925</id>
      <parentid>270924</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:13:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270925</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9959" sha1="8ztsn569acv5pvjp3s943anghiy4nrc" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct ligatum || ct || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si ligatum || si || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſſ ligatum || ss || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſsi ligatum || ssi || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Œ|| Oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || om || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃|m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Forma contracta
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>8ztsn569acv5pvjp3s943anghiy4nrc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270927</id>
      <parentid>270925</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:20:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270927</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9960" sha1="5xpxebvi43zly9mvw1hk88qk10yu18r" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct ligatum || ct || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si ligatum || si || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſſ ligatum || ss || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſsi ligatum || ssi || || Ligatura typographica.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Œ|| Oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || com || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃|m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Forma contracta
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>5xpxebvi43zly9mvw1hk88qk10yu18r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270930</id>
      <parentid>270927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:32:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270930</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10195" sha1="6jjtkcslxiq9w4yi47gow1gah90kpst" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct  || ct || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si  || si || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ss || ss || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ssi || ssi || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Œ|| Oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || com || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃|m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Forma contracta
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>6jjtkcslxiq9w4yi47gow1gah90kpst</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270965</id>
      <parentid>270930</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T10:36:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270965</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10773" sha1="7xkays1d9ja9h8knv4wnksp0aigza5k" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

'''Nota de formulis compositis'''

Formulae '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' et '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{err}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' possunt alias formulas continere (ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;), necnon textum cursivum, nexus, aliasque notas Vicitextus. Hae formulae ad verba vel locutiones integras tractandas destinantur.

Ceterae formulae huius categoriae plerumque ad singulas litteras vel abbreviationes simplices destinantur. Quam ob rem formulae intra formulas tales inserendae non sunt; si tamen inseruntur, effectus inopinatus oriri potest.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct  || ct || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si  || si || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ss || ss || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ssi || ssi || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Œ|| Oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || com || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃|m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Forma contracta
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>7xkays1d9ja9h8knv4wnksp0aigza5k</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270967</id>
      <parentid>270965</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T10:38:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270967</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10773" sha1="ndfrlxozdjfyroqz3ax1kwqwgymynvt" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

'''Nota de formulis compositis'''

Formulae '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' et '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{err}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' possunt alias formulas continere (ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;), necnon textum cursivum, nexus, aliasque notas Vicitextus. Hae formulae ad verba vel locutiones integras tractandas destinantur.

Ceterae formulae huius categoriae plerumque ad singulas litteras vel abbreviationes simplices destinantur. Quam ob rem formulae intra formulas tales inserendae non sunt; si tamen inseruntur, effectus inopinatus oriri potest.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct  || ct || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si  || si || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ss || ss || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ssi || ssi || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Œ|| Oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || com || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃|m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Forma contracta
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>ndfrlxozdjfyroqz3ax1kwqwgymynvt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270968</id>
      <parentid>270967</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T10:39:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270968</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10797" sha1="6jnuxtb69k27fadj6ii8gg1pcfj3jet" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

'''Nota de formulis compositis'''

Formulae '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' et '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{err}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' possunt alias formulas continere (ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;), necnon textum cursivum, nexus, aliasque notas Vicitextus. Hae formulae ad verba vel locutiones integras tractandas destinantur.

Ceterae formulae huius categoriae plerumque ad singulas litteras vel abbreviationes simplices destinantur. Quam ob rem formulae intra formulas tales inserendae non sunt; si tamen inseruntur, effectus inopinatus oriri potest.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| [[Formula:Ligatura ct|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]] || ct  || ct || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si  || si || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ss || ss || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ssi || ssi || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Œ|| Oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || com || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃|m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Forma contracta
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || T̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>6jnuxtb69k27fadj6ii8gg1pcfj3jet</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270969</id>
      <parentid>270968</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T10:42:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270969</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10804" sha1="69tdafrhcva54ocger63v1hpttghq3z" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

'''Nota de formulis compositis'''

Formulae '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' et '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{err}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' possunt alias formulas continere (ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;), necnon textum cursivum, nexus, aliasque notas Vicitextus. Hae formulae ad verba vel locutiones integras tractandas destinantur.

Ceterae formulae huius categoriae plerumque ad singulas litteras vel abbreviationes simplices destinantur. Quam ob rem formulae intra formulas tales inserendae non sunt; si tamen inseruntur, effectus inopinatus oriri potest.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| [[Formula:Ligatura ct|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]] || ct  || ct || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si  || si || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ss || ss || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ssi || ssi || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Œ|| Oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || com || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃|m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Forma contracta
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qͥd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Qz || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {T̉}} || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{T̓}} || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>69tdafrhcva54ocger63v1hpttghq3z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270970</id>
      <parentid>270969</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T10:43:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270970</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10806" sha1="dgcsiu6mycy44tew4ugbtnzjils8ydt" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

'''Nota de formulis compositis'''

Formulae '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' et '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{err}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' possunt alias formulas continere (ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;), necnon textum cursivum, nexus, aliasque notas Vicitextus. Hae formulae ad verba vel locutiones integras tractandas destinantur.

Ceterae formulae huius categoriae plerumque ad singulas litteras vel abbreviationes simplices destinantur. Quam ob rem formulae intra formulas tales inserendae non sunt; si tamen inseruntur, effectus inopinatus oriri potest.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| [[Formula:Ligatura ct|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]] || ct  || ct || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si  || si || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ss || ss || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ssi || ssi || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Œ|| Oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || com || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃|m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Forma contracta
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{Qz}} || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {T̉}} || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{T̓}} || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>dgcsiu6mycy44tew4ugbtnzjils8ydt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270971</id>
      <parentid>270970</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T10:46:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270971</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10801" sha1="gocuhh3zqyhzxq7hx869gsilxo0k1y5" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

'''Nota de formulis compositis'''

Formulae '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' et '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{err}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' possunt alias formulas continere (ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;), necnon textum cursivum, nexus, aliasque notas Vicitextus. Hae formulae ad verba vel locutiones integras tractandas destinantur.

Ceterae formulae huius categoriae plerumque ad singulas litteras vel abbreviationes simplices destinantur. Quam ob rem formulae intra formulas tales inserendae non sunt; si tamen inseruntur, effectus inopinatus oriri potest.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| [[Formula:Ligatura ct|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]] || ct  || ct || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si  || si || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ss || ss || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ssi || ssi || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Œ|| Oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || com || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃|m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{c̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Forma contracta
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-qꝫ
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>gocuhh3zqyhzxq7hx869gsilxo0k1y5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270972</id>
      <parentid>270971</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T10:48:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270972</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10797" sha1="2y0ervnwmz9ene3bcjgwocl2xibsavg" xml:space="preserve">Hae formulae locum tenent characterum incunabulorum vel scribalium, atque abbreviationes Latinas integras praebent.
* Commendatur usus exemplaris Transkribus, cui nomen est ''Incunabula Latina''.

Formulae automatice adduntur cum nova pagina textus e imagine inspecta servatur, hoc scripto adhibito: 
* [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]].

Ut characteres originales in pagina videre possis, stilo Vicifontis in spatio principali, hoc institue:

* [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]

[[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|formae-incunabulares.js]] renovandum est, quoties nova exemplaria adduntur.

Formulae litterarum formam originalem in attributo HTML &lt;code&gt;data-original-form&lt;/code&gt; servant. Scriptum JavaScript in spatio principali hunc valorem legit atque loco textus expansi formam originalem exhibet.

'''Nota de formulis compositis'''

Formulae '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' et '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{err}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' possunt alias formulas continere (ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;), necnon textum cursivum, nexus, aliasque notas Vicitextus. Hae formulae ad verba vel locutiones integras tractandas destinantur.

Ceterae formulae huius categoriae plerumque ad singulas litteras vel abbreviationes simplices destinantur. Quam ob rem formulae intra formulas tales inserendae non sunt; si tamen inseruntur, effectus inopinatus oriri potest.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Formulae breves
|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ſ || s || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera s longa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Littera s longa.
|-
| [[Formula:Ligatura ct|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]] || ct  || ct || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura si}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || si  || si || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ſſ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ss || ss || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ligatura ssi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ssi || ssi || || Ligatura typographica. Propter ligatura, vide [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css| common.css]] 
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Littera ct}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ct || ct || || Character singularis Unicode.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{an}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || an || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''an''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{am}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ã || am || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Atildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''am''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || en || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Etildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''en''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{em}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ẽ || em || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{etildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''em''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ĩ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || im || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{iim}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''im''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{in}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ĩ || in || || Titulus pro ''in''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || on || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''on''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || õ || om || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{otildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{un}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || un || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildan}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''un''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{um}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ũ || um || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{utildam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Titulus pro ''um''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || ae || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''ae''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{eoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ę || oe || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ecaudaoe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || E caudata pro ''oe''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || æ || ae || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AEC}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || AE || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{AE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Forma maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Aec}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Æ || Ae || || Forma initialis maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{e-ae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || e || ae || || Ubi editor litteram simplicem exhibere vult.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{oe}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Œ|| Oe || || Ligatura vocalium.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{OE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || œ || oe || || Ligatura vocalium; maiuscula.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ss}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ß || ss || || Eszett adhibitum pro ''ss''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{con}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝯ || con || || Abbreviatio communissima.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp; || et || || Ampersand historicum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tet}}, {{-et}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ⁊ || et || || [[:wikipedia:la:Notae tironianae|''et'' tironianae]].
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Ꝫ || et / definitus ab usore || || Exempli gratia: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ꝫ|m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; producit m.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ}}, {{-is}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || is || || Abbreviatio finalis communis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝭ|e}}, {{es}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝭ || es || || Cum parametro.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨}}, {{ↄ̨|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || con || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''con''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ↄ̨|om}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ↄ̨ || com || || Signum abbreviationis pro ''om''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dns}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñs || dominus || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dni}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dñi || domini || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{dno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || dño || domino || || Nomen sacrum frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ene}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || ene || || Usus Hispanicus vel humanisticus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ñ || {{ñ|n}}, {{ñ|on}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || m || || Terminus verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{m̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{m̃|m̃}} || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t&lt;/nowiki&gt; || {{õ}}, p{{õ|s}}t || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{c̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || c̃ || usor || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|ar}}, {{par}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || par || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝑ|er}} {{per}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝑ || per || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄}}, {{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || prae || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || p̄ || {{p̄|rae}}, {{p̄|re}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ}}, {{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝓ || pro || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q&amp;#771;&amp;#42859; || quam || || Forma contracta
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̃uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ̈ || {{ꝗ̈}}, {{ꝗ̈|ua}} {{ꝗ̈|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͣ || {{qͣ}}, {{qͣ|ua}} {{qͣ|uam}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || Formula fixa pro enclitica ''-que''.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝙ || que || || Character abbreviationis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝫ}}, {{ꝫ|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝫ || et || || Signum tironianum alterum.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qui}}, {{ꝗ|ui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝗ || qui || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quo}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qͦ || quo || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quod}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || quod || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̃ || {{q̈|uod}}, {{q̈|ua}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̄}}, {{q̄|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || quid, {{q̄|uod}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-qꝫ
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, {{q̄|uomodo}} etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{q̃}}, {{q̄|uando}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || q̄ || {{ꝙ}}, {{ꝙ|uod}}, etc || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{quodcharon}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qď || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{qd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || quod || || Forma typographica alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd̓ || Quod || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qͥd}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qd || Quid || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qm̃ || quam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qñ || quoniam || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || qꝫ || que || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;, etc || r̄ || {{r̄}}, n{{r̄|ostr}}a || || ''ra'' aut valor a parametro definitus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}, {{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA776; || rum || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{R̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || R̃ || rum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#xA75D; || rum || || Character historicus.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || ter || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ť || tur || || Abbreviatio fixa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttur}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̃ || tur || || Forma alternativa.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tm̃}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tm̃ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tp̄e}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tp̄e || tempore || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tñ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tñ || tamen || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̉}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̉ || tur || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{T̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || t̓ || ter || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || tet || tenet || || Abbreviatio verbi.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓a}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || scd̓a || secunda || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Scd̓m}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || scd̓m || secundum || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝰ || us || || Abbreviatio finalis.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || ꝟ || {{ꝟ}}, {{ꝟ|ir}} || || Valor a parametro definitur.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{vl̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || vl̓ || vel || || Abbreviatio frequens.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Por}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || por || por || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Apd̓}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || apd̓ || apud || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩa}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || oĩa || omnia || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩm}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || oĩm || omnium || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oĩno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || oĩno || omnino || || Forma contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|&amp;amp;semi;}}, {{po|?}}, etc&lt;/nowiki&gt; || &amp;#11852; || definitus ab usore || || Cave: noli ; uti, sed &amp;amp;semi;.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|pagina scripta|spatium principale}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || pagina scripta&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || spatium principale&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter abbreviationes alias vel formas insolitas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;/nowiki&gt; || || {{~|litterae omissae}}, n{{~|o}}stra&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || , || {{~,|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || : || {{~:|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || / || {{~/|litterae omissae}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter litteras omissas.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{~.}}; Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || . || Dom{{~.|inus}}&lt;br/&gt;definitus ab usore || || Propter verba contracta.
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{err|opt|opt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; || error typographicus || litterae correctae || || Non apparebit error in pagina aut in libro.
|-
|}

[[Categoria:Formulae]]</text>
      <sha1>2y0ervnwmz9ene3bcjgwocl2xibsavg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>33391</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270913</id>
      <parentid>270759</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T18:46:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Last year's sins typoes */</comment>
      <origin>270913</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62188" sha1="qba0c42pcds76ia1m5bf5bzcvb2ug9q" xml:space="preserve">== Salve! ==

{{Salve}}[[Usor:Zyephyrus|Zyephyrus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Zyephyrus|disputatio]]) 14:24, 16 Augusti 2019 (UTC)

== span ==

please wait to add &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;ws-cover&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the pages; I will add a parameter for that in the revised [[Formula:Titulus]]. just give me some time till monday :) --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 07:57, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
:Sure :) was just seeing if it works on other exports – I will remove once I've exported one or two. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:58, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
::ok, it was just to be sure :). the template will have a parameter ''Frons='' to specify the (eventual) cover page, like [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=De_antiquissima_Italorum_sapientia&amp;type=revision&amp;diff=126321&amp;oldid=126320 this] (seems to work). now, we have to understand why the export fails with pdf, and how/if we can center the resulting image... --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 08:26, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)

== [[:meta:Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement|Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement]] ==

hi, I just wanted to inform you that at the link above on Meta they are looking for comments or feedbacks about the export of Wikisource contents as ebooks; since you seemed interested in the matter, feel free to join the conversation there if you want :) have a nice day, --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 11:57, 28 Maii 2020 (UTC)
:Thanks! Will take a look. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:30, 17 Iunii 2020 (UTC)

== Colloquia Erasmi ==
Salve! Optime fecisti quod transcriptionem Colloquiorum aggressus es, quo in opere libenter te adjuvabo. Qui in Vicifonte tiro sim, dubius sum: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Disputatio_Libri:Erasmi_Colloquia_Familiaria_Et_Encomium_Moriae.djvu Etiam nescio quam ob rem efficere non possum ut alter dialogus in propria pagina appareat: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Colloquia_familiaria/Epithalamium_Petri_Aegidii --[[Usor:Quasus|Quasus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Quasus|disputatio]]) 19:10, 16 Septembris 2020 (UTC)
:{{at||Quasus}} Salve Quaese! Et multas gratias! Corrigo hoc paginam, et addere aliquae notae formatae. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]])

== We sent you an e-mail ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}},

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==De italico==

Typographi me docebant numquam voces Graecas scriptura italica (''sic'') designare; nam scriptura Graeca usitata ipsa per se italica est. In libro, quem transcribimus, verba Graeca non italico designata sunt, — ipsa scriptura italica est. Sed si putas sic recte esse, cum continuero, designabo Graeca italico. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:03, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Demetrius Talpa}} Puto tu recte dicis; formae litterae in libro sunt quasi-italicae, sed nescio quomodo litterae graeciae sint. Non est magni momenti! Possumus eligere formam te putare recte esse. Et multas gratias! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:08, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)

== Ora Maritima: English or Latin? ==

I've added Sonnenschein's ''[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Ora_Maritima.djvu Ora Maritima]'' to Wikisource. I accidentally added it to the English namespace. I'm not sure I was wrong, though. ''Ora Maritima'' has a lot of exercises and so on that are written in English. So I'm not sure whether to view it as a Latin book with English bits or an English book about Latin. What do you think? I'd like to get this resolved before I start editing the pages, because I think migrating it across namespaces will be a pain if there are a lot of pages to move. [[Usor:Persimmon and Hazelnut|Persimmon and Hazelnut]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Persimmon and Hazelnut|disputatio]]) 15:30, 7 Octobris 2021 (UTC)
:Hi {{ping|Persimmon and Hazelnut}} I think the case is arguable either way; things are a bit more relaxed here but there are more users at en.ws; maybe ask on their forum before pressing ahead? Either way I will try to give you a bit of help with it. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:36, 9 Octobris 2021 (UTC)

== Suggestion ==

Hello! How are you?

My name is Erick, I'm from Brazil, and I have added this [[:oldwikisource:Reproduction fac-similé d'un dessin (Bartholomeu Lourenço de Gusmão)/Delineatio machinæ artificiosæ|work]] by [[Scriptor:Bartholomæus de Gusmão|Bartolomeu de Gusmão]] at the Multilingual Wikisource, since it is pretty much a French-Latin bilingual book. You might find it interesting and, if possible, I would like to know if the writing &quot;Bartholomæus de Gusmão&quot; (at the &quot;Scriptor&quot; page) is correct. He was a quite fascinating character and also mastered the Latin-language (I have tried to find more Latin-language versions of his works online, but to no avail). I've found the Latin-language quite interesting, and I hope to learn it enough for reading and writing some day (but grammar lessons don't really work with me) to edit here and in the Latin Wiki. Cheers! [[Usor:Erick Soares3|Erick Soares3]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erick Soares3|disputatio]]) 00:11, 16 Novembris 2024 (UTC)

== Epistulae ==

Hi, I'm asking for help/ideas here. Sorry for not writing in Latin, but creating original Latin texts is a bit out of my league. I got a book with scans and transcriptions of letters between Johann Scopoli and Carl Linnae, two famous biologists. I've started transcribing these letters (only those of Scopoli, so far) at [[Epistulae ad Carolum Linnaeum (Ioannes Antonius Scopoli)]]. I am wondering, since there is a lot of letters if there's a better way to organise them (I still have to do ie. text placement on the already transcribed ones). I was thinking to maybe make a disambiguation type page which would contain a list of all letters? Or would standalone pages be more appropriate? Anyhow, thanks for your response! Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 21:00, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, yes usually an index page with links to the letters would make sense. See [[Epistulae (Marcus Tullius Cicero)]] for example. Is the source in the public domain or only the contents of the letters btw? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:13, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::Even though the book isn’t old, I believe they are public domain. Scans do not renew copyright in Slovenia and a known author died before 1945, so they should be in public domain (book was made in Slovenia, hence Slovene copyright laws apply). Translations are likely copyrightable, as is the introduction. Don’t worry, I’m not uploading these, just letters :) If anything is wrong, please let me know. Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 09:42, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure, I was just wondering whether there was a reason for not uploading the source document. If this is included and linked, this helps with provenance, double proof reading and long term error correction. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:41, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::I believe I could upload scanned scans of letters, but once in the future since I'm a bit occupied with other more important things onwiki. Thanks for your help! Stay safe, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 13:45, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I uploaded the first letter at [[:File:Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760).pdf]], but I have a little problem when referencing it at [[Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760)]] (throws an error that the index page wasn't created yet, which is expected). Since not the whole book is in Latin nor is in public domain, is there a way to connect both the Wikisource page with the scanned PDF? Thanks a lot, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi there, yes this all very non-obvious. I have linked the transcription; you use &quot;Liber:filename&quot;; and then add at least &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the fields. Pagelist has lots of options, so you can exclude pages and number them in specific ways.
::::::Then, on the compiled public pages, you need to reference the pages you want from the ''Liber'' you want. You can probably use multiple ''Liberi'', or else you can add pages to your PDF by adding new versions to WP Commons on the same file page (ie, '''replace''' the file, rather than create new copies with new file names). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:03, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I see you have done most of this at [[:Liber:Scopoli-1777 Introductio ad historiam naturalem.pdf]], except for setting up a public / compiled version. usually the transcription is not viewed as the &quot;final&quot; product; the pages are set up as just HTML, eg ''[[De Principe]]'' which compiles the transcription made at [[:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf]]; this allows export and easier reading, etc. Hope that helps! Also pages of a finished book need to sit underneath the main book page, so that export to epub PDF etc works correctly. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:15, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Many thanks for your response! [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 07:20, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)

== [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]] ==

Thank you so much for your interest and assistance. With the help of Google Translate and other ai tool, the text now makes sense. 

I hope you're not too busy and we can manage to finish it within a month or two.

Best regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:36, 19 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, no problem and sure, the timescale depends really how much prep you can do on the pages before I proof them. The more coherent they are, the easier it is for me to tidy them up. I appreciate tho it might be a lot of work for you to get to the standard you had for the first couple of pages. Let me know how you want to approach it; I do have other things on (eg, [[De Principe]], but if the pages are fairly tidy, doing two or three of pages a day on average is quite possible. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:27, 20 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Hi,
::Here a another copy of the book Foenix
::* https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00001198-001/page/n11/mode/1up
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:43, 22 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::It's slow going, but we're making progress. Have a look when you get a chance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:50, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Will do, can you take a look at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/30|page 30]] again when you have a chance? The second part got forgot :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:52, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I am cross referencing the text using the other copies as guide. So it will take a while.
::::# [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Phoenix (Petrus Ravennas, 1600).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 07:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::by the way this is the clearest copy to work on. So I need your help on this page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/20|20]]
:::::[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:03, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Do you want to pause and transfer the work to the new book, rather than work on two copies? It seems a waste of effort to transcribe both, if this version is clearer and easier. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:43, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Well this is done. So go ahead and check transcription and no need to work on the new book
:::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:24, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I am using the other copy to find mistake in the first one [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:39, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::OK, no problem, I will leave to you and work on the long edition. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:46, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Do you know the copy below contains two book in one ([[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]). 
:::::::::So, I am trying to finish ([[Foenix]]) first.
:::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:08, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::I spotted you have split these up. The second on looks a lot more troublesome, with the gothic font. Is it all set like that? And if so, is there another, easier copy to work off? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:10, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::There is another copy for (Congestorium Artificiose Memorie)
:::::::::::[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That looks about the same, in terms of typsetting, unless I have missed something. 
::::::::::::There is also a critical edition recently published, access to which would help. See [https://editorialsinderesis.com/wp-content/uploads/texto-the-congestorium-artificiose-memorie-.pdf this sample of the book]. You could [https://www.ujaen.es/departamentos/lycm/contactos/ramos-grane-marta contact the author via this page] and ask if they would be prepared to share their raw transcription? They might appreciate the interest and share the pain of doing this, and wish to save you the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:19, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Not sure if the author agree due to copyright by the publisher [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:38, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Sure, except:
::::::::::::::* the raw transcript is a literal copy of a public domain text and therefore not subject to copyright
::::::::::::::* as we would match the text to the PD document, this would ensure no copyright was infringed
::::::::::::::In any case, there is no harm in asking (and a lot to gain). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:40, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Also, another copy with more gothic font just in case
:::::::::::::* https://books.google.com/books?id=6XVSN-GYrl0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
:::::::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:47, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I can contact the author, if you prefer - let me know! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:51, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Yes that would be great [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Again, thank you for your support and assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:12, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I noticed that you left a &lt;!--chck--&gt; tag on pages [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/23|23]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/24|24]]. I reviewed those sections against another source on page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] and corrected some error. However, I'm unsure how to proceed with the other comment in the text and would appreciate your guidance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:59, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks; the main issue now is all the medieval style references, which need to be comprehensible for a modern reader. This will take some research and checking but it is not necessarily for you to do. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:06, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Excellent. When you have a moment, kindly take a look at page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] &lt;br&gt;[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I successfully removed hidden characters (such as hidden hyphens) from the text resulting from OCR processing. 
:::::::::I will now begin working on the second copy of the book &quot;[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]]&quot; 
:::::::::Second time's the charm. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:17, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Where do I do the proofing for ''Congestorium Artificiose Memorie''? Or is that paused? 
:On ''Foenix'', I will work through the various pages marked as ''problematic''. 
:Re page 21 of the second version of ''Foenix'', I don't understand the purpose of me proofing a second copy of this book, could you explain what you are trying to do? 
:I can work on one copy of a book, but I cannot help proofread two versions of the same thing. If it helps you, then you can do what you like of course, but my help has to be limited to one copy of each text. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:54, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::I don't know why some of the pages marked as ''problematic''. So I am trying find out from other copy [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 11:09, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure. I have marked them as problematic because they have contractions that I don't understand, or because the characters are sometimes hard to read - sit and fit look very similar, meaning &quot;it would be&quot; and &quot;it makes&quot;, roughly. I am going through the contractions asking ChatGPT or Claude what it makes of them. This is a task for me, which is easiest done this way. It is probably easiest if you let me reduce these to the very difficult to solve issues. There is one, at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/29|29]], where the contraction e. is unclear. This is his memory aid, but at this point you may need a Latin specialist and a mnemnonics specialist to make an educated guess! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:15, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::That is done now, first pass complete. One query, and maybe some assumptions on the abbreviations relating to the mnemnonics, particulary ''rotunda'' (''.r.'') which might be double checked. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:39, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::You might find ChatGPT or Claude helpful for transcription the '' Congestorium Artificiose Memorie'' [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:12, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi, see my comments at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] - the OCR tools here do a really good job, if you choose the right one. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:16, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:21, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::If this was what you have been doing on the other pages of this book then the results are very poor compared with Tesseract OCR which is nearly spot on [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I can btw give some simple instructions for importing and cleaning up the Tesseract OCR, which would be a lot of help for me to proof the result: Basically:
:::::* Import OCR
:::::* Using an external text tool, search and replace ſ for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}};&lt;/nowiki&gt; remove the line breaks and hyphen character (join the hyphened words together)
:::::*&lt;nowiki&gt; replace qꝫ with {{que}}, ⁊ with {{tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; etc
:::::[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:19, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::As above, looking at the prior work you had done, I don't think it is very helpful [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Whatever you did on Foenix was pretty decent, but the results on the second book are borderline nonsense at time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:24, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::It might just surprise you [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:26, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I just tried for [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|page 56]], which [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|I did withTesseract]] 
:::::::::I got this:
:::::::::&lt;blockquote&gt;
:::::::::simit doctois sollicitarione dum adolescentior
:::::::::esset in unum congesti libellum qui inde Lon-
:::::::::gestovium artificiose nemozatioe nomen sorti-
:::::::::tus est. Interposita itaq; per me appellatione
:::::::::cum devolveretur ad S. Apostolicam causā
:::::::::Jacobi hochstrassen inquisitoria contra *Spe-
:::::::::culum ocularezibq; inter cardinei cœtus vi-
:::::::::ros pecularius committeretur / veluti iuriscon-
:::::::::sultissimis: &amp; quod præcipuum erat: quia inter
:::::::::Theologicum agmen facile primatum tribit ve-
:::::::::dicasset vir alter eque acu (absq; iniuria di-
:::::::::cetur) quid nam fideri archodoceæ consentane
:::::::::um: quidue dissimum internoscere. Cumq;
:::::::::ille reverendissimus pater &amp; procurator age-
:::::::::ret apud Episcopum Spirē. factus apud
:::::::::Reuerendiff. Domi. tuam sollicitator con-
:::::::::sumptis aliquoties vigiliis abs te institit:
:::::::::dum indices vel rectius horarum edes tuas fre-
:::::::::quentares: tuo potissimum erant: quæ longe
:::::::::noscē molestiam nonnulli alleviarent: Impzi-
:::::::::mis quidem locorum arte Symonidis compa-
:::::::::ratio optaram in sum amplo spacioso perspicu-
:::::::::o tuo cum dissertinijs ad rem ipsam necessariijs
:::::::::exornatissimo palatio. Ne modo ut Liceronis
:::::::::est præcepto centum inibi concederentur lo-
:::::::::caverum penetrare que Ioan. M. Ischaelis
:::::::::&amp; Petrus ravennas: atq; alij suadent facillimē
:::::::::illuc coniurare liceret. Si quippe religiosorū
:::::::::domus Theologorum: Iuristarum / &amp; Medicorū
:::::::::/ Philosophorum: id genus hominum maiore
:::::::::nōs ingredi liberet quatenus inibi nobis loca
:::::::::vendicemus a Palatio tuo volefcius nulla ra&lt;/blockquote&gt;
:::::::::Tesseract picks up all of the weird characters, much, much better. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:30, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Here is a [[Usor:JimKillock/Transcribe_test|table showing a comparison for pge 57]]. Tesseract is doing much better and would save us both a lot of time, I am certain. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Hi there, Marta came back to say that she is contractually obliged not to share her transcription. 
::::::::::I played a bit more with the two transcription tools. I am not anti CHatGPT or anything, I use it for various things, but it is doing a lot worse than the scanning tools we have. This second book is a lot more old fashioned and uses a lot more medieval scribal contractions, which ChatGPT is not picking up (along with some other errors). See [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina%3AFoenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_%28Petrus%29_%28IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001%29.pdf%2F54&amp;diff=235384&amp;oldid=234977 this edit for example], where I replaced what you were able to do with ChatGPT with a Tesseract transcription. 
::::::::::If we go with Tesseract, and you can do the initial work, then I can commit to finishing the pages that way. If I have to work from ChatGPT output, without it being substantially cleaned up, I fear that will be too much work as I will just end up re-scanning the pages.  Considering how long this book is as well,  I will probably have to bow out at this point. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:55, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::I see your point, and you’re right. Also, I have a crazy idea — it just might work I need time to test it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 03:51, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KE4xEzFGSU8 [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 04:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That might be a stretch! I am njot sure it is needed, the error rate is not so high. The text we have is very close in style to what is known as a Latin [[:w:en:Incunabula|Incunabulum]]; ie early printed book, and the Tesseract Latin-Incunabula engine is trained on these kinds of books and fonts already.
::::::::::::There is another thing we can automate tho, which is the search and replace. Since a lot of the work is basically finding the characters long-s and son on, and replacing with a template, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}, {{et}}, {{tet}}, {{qui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, and so on, we could get a Wikimedia bot to work through the pages on the book,  and do all the replacements.
::::::::::::That would cut the time significantly, I think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Note that I am working on a bot for this. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::OK, so the folks at Wikisource helped write a js to do this for us. You can find my version of it at [[Usor:JimKillock/scribal.js]]. The first line of [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]] also needs to be included, to summon it. What this does is to clean up the output from the scan on the''' first save of the new page only'''.  This should speed up the process immensely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::okay, have look at page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/52|52]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/53|53]]
:::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it?
:::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? 
:::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:07, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it? - this looks good yes, altho the script would not work of course, as the page was already in existence.
::::::::::::::I corrected some templates which did not exist / were not needed. If in doubt, use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|origchar|result}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::::::::::::::I will vibecode a bash script to do the same job as the js tool, for the existing raw pages
::::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? Yes and yes
::::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; - It is what later became a ' mark - so it just means &quot;something missing follows&quot;. So we use&lt;nowiki&gt; {{Scr| ꝰ|us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:29, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::(we can add an {{us}} template tho, for readability etc - but not all 9's will be us), so IDK if we should transform it automatically) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:30, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::In fact it seems you are right and this is always -us, so I added it into the scripts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:51, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::[https://gist.github.com/JimKillock/853b4b8baf23bac5fd55b5499c1bf93a Here is a bash script] that will replace the characters automatically, not sure if you are familiar with using terminal scripts etc but it is not difficult. If made executable, and named as below, it would run with 
::::::::::::::&lt;code&gt;./wikimedia_transform.sh filename.txt&lt;/code&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
Checking in, if you want to help (and don't want to add transcriptions) you can format and check pages up to page 100. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:57, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:Update, I have {{exp|nearly}} done the first pass. Some of the layouts look quite hard work tho, with text on the sie o upside down. These might need to be images? SVGs? I am not sure. Let me know if you are still working on this, and how you feel able to help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:24, 4 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi there, I have listed the pages that I hope you or your friends can help format at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. Be good to hear from you, and know if you are still interested in finishing this project. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:12, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::I'm really sorry I haven’t been in touch—I was sick over the past few days and needed some time to rest and recover. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:33, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::No problem at all, hope you feel better. Let me know if you ate able to help with the page formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:35, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::Feeling better now—working on fixing the Header [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173|2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173]] 20:44, 7 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::I have create a table for the pages
::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 10:19, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::That's great, good to see progress on these. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:37, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi
::::::Two templates are required for this page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/216|216]] and possibly others.
::::::* &quot;Template:Upside down&quot;
::::::* &quot;Template:Transform-rotate&quot;
::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E]] 23:20, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK, copied across to &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Inversus}} {{Rotatus}}; and also {{Dsiplay}} was needed, at {{Ostensio}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:28, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::{{Inversus|Inversus}}, {{Rotatus|90|Rotatus}} [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:34, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Rotate has something wrong / missing, will investigate later or tomorrow [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:40, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::👍 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791]] 15:57, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::OK, it is working, in fact, but you need sytax like &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; giving &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;. See the documentation at [[Formula:Rotatus]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::you can also just use [[Formula:Littera rotata]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:17, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B|2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B]] 13:24, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Before I start splitting the book into chapters, please take a look at the table of contents I’ve created and share your feedback 
:::::::::::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.150.133|82.167.150.133]] 17:26, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Thanks, my only comment was to use forward slashes. Are you OK with the Wikimarkup around spltting pages, chapters etc? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::not a problem [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 17:37, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Like that [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae/Conclusio|Conclusio]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:14, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Have you thought of a fitting title for the opening section of the book?
:::::::::::::::from page 53 to 61 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:18, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::What do we have? Some poems (Poema) and some dedicatory letters (Epistolae). That would do for now I think? They can always be moved later, we could also check how Marta has done it, altho this is not obvious from the introductory chapters and contents page. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:37, 12 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.15.196|37.106.15.196]] 00:39, 2 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Ars Memorativa ==

Welcome back! I noticed you haven't been working on the [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] lately. It's perfectly fine to pause and take breaks from time to time.

In the meantime, would you be interested in working on another book together?

[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]]
Best Regret [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.2.89|37.106.2.89]] 03:40, 20 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, will take a look at this in a week or so, am busy this month tho. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:22, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 07:00, 27 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::So are you ready? [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.105.235.52|37.105.235.52]] 10:16, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi there, no I have some other things I need to do but will take a look mid September. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:34, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::::I hope you are doing well. 
::::Are you ready now? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:16, 23 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi there I can make a start and help but my time is a bit limited. Which of these is the higher priority? The shorter text might be more realistic. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:43, 26 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|The Ars Memorativa of Gulielmus Leporeus of Avallon]] may be accomplished in a short time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:12, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just apply the same approach you used last time to the entire book, and I’ll go through it to make adjustments. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:19, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK. Will start on this. Something to think about, especially if we go back to the longer text, we could consider doing a &quot;time / skills swap&quot;; for example I have a book here [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]]; and I have a text which is already transcribed which I need to copy paste back. I can provide the text in wiki format, and the page numbers are clearly marked. I could ask you to do the copy paste work in return for the time proof reading pages at [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. we don't have to be exact about the time, but could let erach other know a rough estimate of time given; this would help me feel like I am able to progress my projects while helping you, rather than having to choose not to do my own projects in order to help you. Let me know what you think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:58, 28 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Agreed on &quot;time / skills swap&quot; for both books
::::::::* [[Liber:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] 
::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
::::::::in exchange for transcribing 
::::::::* [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf|Nos in schola latine loquimur Ars latine loquendi]]
::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 03:00, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Ah great! it is just copy pasting; I will create a document with the text that needs moving over shortly. Thank you very much :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:16, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::15 pages everyday maybe by the next month it will be done. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 08:50, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Hi there, the text to copy is here: [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] - please note, use this text, rather than trasnscribing anew, as it is '''already proofed'''. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:55, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::Don’t worry, it’s easy for me to make a new transcription, better than just copying another text.[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 16:49, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Sure, but then I have extra working validating it? The text I have is checked. Unless you have a way to check your work against the copy I have? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:15, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I have completed 15 pages using my current approach. Could you review and validate it to determine if I should proceed further? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::https://www.diffchecker.com/text-compare/ [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 06:02, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Hi there, Ok carry on, you are doing a good job with the formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:48, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::I want to use [[en:Template:Overfloat image|Overfloat image]] template on [[Pagina:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu/7|page number 7]] but I didn't find it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 10:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Sure I can copy this across. I will take a look at the page and what you need to achieve. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:49, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::That's now available using &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Imago superposita}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. I haven't tested it, and please remember that text renders differently according to user preferences, so this will be very inexact. In the case of this title page, using Alt text could be a perfectly acceptable or preferable way of showing the page text and illutration. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Done.
::::::::::[[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:11, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::another [[en:Template:Scan page link]] is needed [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:15, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Added [[Formula:Nexus ad facsimile]]; but it might break, there are a lot of sub templates by the look of it. If you try it somewhere I can debug it and add whatever else is missing. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:05, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::I would like to include it in the table of contents to make it easier for me to review and jump to any chapter.
::::::::::::[[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/9|Table of Contents]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:10, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Can you set this up where you want it to work, eg put the transcription pages with the ToC on Liber page to list the contents, or make a book page with the ToC displayed on the page, so we can see if it works? The '''template applies differently to all three different spaces''', transcription page; Liber (transcription project) page; and mainspace (book), so we can only test it if it is displayed in all three contexts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:43, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I didn't understand what do you want me to do [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 11:47, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::The template is designed to work on content transcluded on Index (Liber) pages (see [[en:Template:Scan_page_link]]. I'm assuming you want to use the contents page on the Liber / Index page. It behaves differently when transcluded on the normal book pages. So you should set up the contents page transclusion on [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] and also at [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] so we can test it is all working (or not). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:49, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::I added it but it does not seem to be working; can you check and confirm? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:40, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::::Yes it does not work [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 23:24, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;s&gt;Two&lt;/s&gt; One formula&lt;s&gt;e&lt;/s&gt; to fix? ==

Noticed your talk page is listed in [[:Categoria:Formulae]]. Searched through the templates used on the talk page and found two with misplaced references to the category:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; 

Oh, wait, [[Formula:Exp]] is a redirect, and not a problem.

Could you fix up [[:Formula:Textus expunctus]] to put the category inside the noinclude
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
and then check your talk page disappears from [[:Categoria:Formulae]] ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:I think that is done, thank you! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:39, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Transcription request: Ars_Memorativa, Josephus Publicius ==

If it’s not too much trouble, could you please take some time to transcribe this book? You don’t need to make an exact transcription — just enough to get things started so that table of contents, images and decorative drop caps can be added.
I understand this is quite a big request, and I truly appreciate your patience, effort, and willingness to help make the content more accessible and visually.
*[[Liber:Ars_Oratoria._Ars_Epistolandi._Ars_Memorativa._(Publicio).djvu]]
[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 22:57, 14 Octobris 2025 (UTC
:I am only interested in the Ars Memorativa section ([[Pagina:Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa. (Publicio).djvu/111|page 111]] onward), in order to maintain a clear and focused scope. The remainder of the book may be considered at a later stage, if time permits. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:37, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi, can we keep topics to topic? You can request this with a new topic on my user page or on the discussion page for the book. Otherwise it gets really hard to keep track of what we are discussing and where to find things. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:27, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:The long and short of it is that it depends if you can help me in return. Some point I may find this a bit much, but for now it is OK and I do have other tasks that you could do in return in a skills - a time swap, even after you finish the Nos in Schola Latine Loquimur textbook. 
:I ran a couple of test pages of your new text through the OCR tool and they seem to have gone quite well.
:I am less keen on only doing part of the text though. I don't like leaving projects half done, but also I think the work itself is likely to work as a unit from a little reading around.
:I think we should complete the current [[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] book first though before considering taking on another one. 
:At the moment with the current book it takes me about 30-40 mins per page to correct the scan and check my work for errors via ChatGPT.  I have time this week so I might clear up the text by the end of the week. So that would be about 30 hours work for the current text, hopefully by the end of the week,  how is it going on your side? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:50, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::So far, the first part—copying and pasting the text into the corresponding pages—has been completed, which fulfills my part of our time and skills exchange. In addition, I’ve developed a script that automatically generates a table of contents for each chapter. And because I don’t like leaving projects unfinished, I’m now working on validating each page, which is the final step to complete the project.
::I’d also like to take this opportunity to thank you for the excellent job you did transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]—it really made the process much smoother and the content far more readable.
::For the next book, ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''., could you please use the script to extract the entire text for the whole book, just like you did before with ''Nos in schola Latine loquimur''? I’ll take care of copying and pasting the extracted text into the corresponding pages afterward. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:22, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Thank you. Because this will be a long project I think we should be clear and accountable with each other, so that the exchange is a fair one. What I am asking is whether you have spent or will have spent about 30 hours on the school book. The easiest way to estimate this is to estimate how long page scanning / and page validation takes for you per page.
:::If your work on the book takes longer than 30 hours, that is fine, and I will match it on the next transcription project. Once done, you can help me with another simple transcription job.
:::For me, it was taking about an hour per page but this has reduced to about 30-40 minutes. So I've estimated I've given you about 30 hours (it's probably more but don't worry about that)
:::On ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa,'' you could do the page extraction yourself, you don't need me to do this. You would however need to set up the scripts in your user page, and remember to choose the correct OCR model, but that is all. I can give you instructions on this if you like.
:::Otherwise I will get to this after I've done with the current book. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::I’m not completely sure, but it seems to be over 30 hours.
::::On 3 October 2025, I worked on transcribing pages from [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/190|176]] to [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/329|315]] between 01:26 and 23:14, which took roughly 11 hours including some breaks. You can verify this in the page history.
::::Now I’ll take my time to carefully validate the text on each page — hopefully one chapter per day.
::::It’s no big deal — I’m glad to help! And if there’s another simple transcription task similar to the previous one, I’d be happy to assist. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:55, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Once again, thank you for your kind assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 11:00, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks very much, that is good to hear! I'll wait until we are done with Nos In Schola before suggesting anything else. Do you want me to set up scripts in your user space so you can start work on ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''? Once they are added, you can just use the inbuilt OCR tools, and they will save with my templates for the scribal shorthand. Even tho you have a temporary account, this should all work. I can also give you screenshots and a guide so you can do the scanning. Let me know. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:21, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Many thanks for transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]. With the help of AI translation, I’m finally able to dive into its insights and discover the wisdom hidden within its pages.
::::::I’m still moving forward with my [[Liber:Nos_in_schola_latine_loquimur_-_Ars_latine_loquendi.pdf|current task]], though a bit slowly—about one chapter each day—as I also continue transcribing another [[Liber:Opera Latine Conscripta, Volume 2 (Bruno).djvu|memory book]]. It’s so much easier working with the printed text than trying to make sense of the handwritten one!
::::::By the way, your skill in reading and transcribing handwritten manuscripts is truly impressive. That’s such a rare talent, and it really brings these old works back to life. 
::::::You should definitely keep focusing on that—it’s a gift that few people have! [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|&amp;#126;2025-30550-29]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|talk]]) 00:27, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thanks, I hope you don't mind me saying that I can tell when AI has helped you with your messages! They are a bit too fulsome in their praise, which is one of the dangers of these tools, they mislead you about the strength of your own talents.
:::::::I noticed you'd found a new memory book to transcribe. I can certainly take a look at this when you are done. As you say working with more modern printing is much easier. Even  seventeenth and eighteenth century books are easier than the fifteenth / early sixteenth century texts you have been interested in.
:::::::I will keep going with the Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa, but need to try some other things meantime just to take a bit of a break. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:26, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)

== Ecclesiastical Latin  ==

Hello.  I've been taking a break.  I was just looking at the formulae you were working on for letters.  Still struggling with them a bit, but I will persevere.  

I was wondering if you had given any consideration to a way to display accents in &quot;Church Latin.&quot;  These are the acute marks showing where to place the accent when reading aloud, and are present in missals and many prayer books.  

á é í ó ú ǽ æ Æ Ǽ Œ œ and of course the Versicle and Response glyphs, ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .

Here is an example page:  [[:Pagina:Missale_Romanum_1862.djvu/301]]    

In a missal page like the above, some of the text, specifically the rubrics (instructions), do not include the accents, only the text meant to be spoken.  

These glyphs (and their display) is I think different from the abbreviations in incunabula and early printed works.  I think it will be a while before I am comfortable displaying the abbreviations (instead of their expanded transcriptions) to read, but the accents are helpful when reading, even when not reading aloud.  

I have spent some time recently hunting for fonts that include all these glyphs.  

It will be important to be able to specify such fonts that include all the relevant glyphs in displaying them on WS or when downloading them in an epub;  do you know if that sort of thing is doable here?  (I think a lot of it is a browser problem.)  

Should we move or copy these discussions to someplace more publicly visible?  I would suggest the Category you created, unless that is supposed to be limited to discussions about the Category itself.  Or anywhere else suitable.  

Did you ever find the unicodes for ℣ and ℟ ?  Would the results of my research into these various glyphs and the fonts that display them be useful to you? [[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Laura1822|disputatio]]) 20:56, 23 Octobris 2025 (UTC)  

:Hi @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]]
:There is a lot here! And yes we can find a better place to discuss this.
:(1) Church accents: these you want to preferve in the mainspace (not transcription) pages that people see, so just use the characters as-is. ie á é í ó ú. Then ǽ poses a bit of a problem. You could either  leave æ  in place on mainspace pages for consistency, or just accent ǽ. These accents as you know are to indicate stress, so are as you say an aid to speaking, which explains their absence in the small print. Likewise, with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ you should leave these in place.
:I can see that this poses a problem for some users tho, who might not have fonts containing ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .
:(2) Fonts: the idea with the templates is that users never see the abbreviations unless they want to. So for most people, they will not see them. Compare [[Pagina:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu/8]] (transcription page) with [[Ars_Memorativa_Gulielmi_Leporei_Avallonensis/Gulielmus_Leporeus_Domino_Gulielmo_Iornoer]] (mainspace). users will look at the second of these, normally at least. These aren't set up yet for [[Arra aeternae salutis]] or [[Missale Romanum (1496)]]. Let me know if you'd like help with that so you can see better how this is working for your transcriptions.
:I have developed a means to toggle the abbreviations in the mainspace.
:(3) Installation of fonts on Wikisource / ebooks: this ought to be doable, it's there for blackletter scripts I think. It's more relevant if the characters are visible in mainspace. Transcriptions (Liber / Pagina) don't matter so much to users. But of course for your Missal with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠, these are needed. Interesting that these were preserved!
:(4) We can use the category for discussions for now; some point I should write up the whole system especially if you or others are using it. I know the documentation for the templates has slipped a bit. Regarding ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ in the Missal, the best place to have this discussion is at [[Vicifons:Scriptorium]]; I will open something up there for you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:33, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

p.s.  ''Thank you'' for the several pages you edited of ''Arra Aeternis''!!
:No problem! Happy to help some more if it's useful! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:35, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== ꝓ is always pro, never prae or pre ==

I have already checked and corrected the instances were [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ|rae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; were used instead of [[Formula:pro|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]]. I also updated the [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; template]].

I suggest you update your [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|javascript]] so to not commit this mistake. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 17:36, 5 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks very much, will amend! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:03, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== Last year's &lt;s&gt;sins&lt;/s&gt; typoes ==

(Btw: Congratulations!)

Last year you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82]] and 
[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=236403 introduced] {{tlx|-|ost}} into the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas

Separately you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198]] and [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=236544 added] {{tlx|-|itu}} near the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.

It seems that someone then copied you and made a similar change to [[Pagina:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae (Romberch de Kyrspe).djvu/13]] 
::&lt;nowiki&gt;opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis:&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis

The formula/template {{tlx|-}} is a redirect to {{tlx|clear}}. The effect of these uses of {{tlx|clear}} is as though someone had put a linebreak &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the text. The first example above produces
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear:ost;&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Can you look at these three instances (which are the only ones found using a search for insource:/[{][{]-[|]/ ) and try and figure out what was intended? That is, what formula/template was meant to be used?

'''Oh!''', was it supposed to be {{tlx|~}} ?
::&lt;nowiki&gt;n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a

Ahh, fixed the linebreak thing in all three pages and then two books they showed up in:
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Secundus/Capitulum_1]]
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Quartus/Capitulum_1]]

Can you explain...
:are you trying to make the pagina: view look as close to the page image as possible,
:but then trying to have the final text view have all the abbreviations expanded?
[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], yes: the idea is this:
:* to preserve the original marking so these are available to users, scholars etc; 
:* to provide templates for the character switches that are fairly readable when transcribing; 
:* to enable the user to OCR the original scribal conventions and automatically replace them with these templates;
:* to ensure a modern reader can get something closer to modern orthography
:* to allow a modern reader to be able to choose between these two views using javascript
:The procedures for easing scanning, adding the templates and installing toggling views etc can now be found on the category page at present. See [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:39, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>qba0c42pcds76ia1m5bf5bzcvb2ug9q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270943</id>
      <parentid>270913</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T21:11:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shenme</username>
        <id>17647</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Last year's sins typoes */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>270943</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="63446" sha1="anaypznmgrdovvzc27wlbftrbpes7aq" xml:space="preserve">== Salve! ==

{{Salve}}[[Usor:Zyephyrus|Zyephyrus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Zyephyrus|disputatio]]) 14:24, 16 Augusti 2019 (UTC)

== span ==

please wait to add &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;ws-cover&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the pages; I will add a parameter for that in the revised [[Formula:Titulus]]. just give me some time till monday :) --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 07:57, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
:Sure :) was just seeing if it works on other exports – I will remove once I've exported one or two. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:58, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
::ok, it was just to be sure :). the template will have a parameter ''Frons='' to specify the (eventual) cover page, like [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=De_antiquissima_Italorum_sapientia&amp;type=revision&amp;diff=126321&amp;oldid=126320 this] (seems to work). now, we have to understand why the export fails with pdf, and how/if we can center the resulting image... --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 08:26, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)

== [[:meta:Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement|Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement]] ==

hi, I just wanted to inform you that at the link above on Meta they are looking for comments or feedbacks about the export of Wikisource contents as ebooks; since you seemed interested in the matter, feel free to join the conversation there if you want :) have a nice day, --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 11:57, 28 Maii 2020 (UTC)
:Thanks! Will take a look. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:30, 17 Iunii 2020 (UTC)

== Colloquia Erasmi ==
Salve! Optime fecisti quod transcriptionem Colloquiorum aggressus es, quo in opere libenter te adjuvabo. Qui in Vicifonte tiro sim, dubius sum: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Disputatio_Libri:Erasmi_Colloquia_Familiaria_Et_Encomium_Moriae.djvu Etiam nescio quam ob rem efficere non possum ut alter dialogus in propria pagina appareat: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Colloquia_familiaria/Epithalamium_Petri_Aegidii --[[Usor:Quasus|Quasus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Quasus|disputatio]]) 19:10, 16 Septembris 2020 (UTC)
:{{at||Quasus}} Salve Quaese! Et multas gratias! Corrigo hoc paginam, et addere aliquae notae formatae. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]])

== We sent you an e-mail ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}},

Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled &quot;The Community Insights survey is coming!&quot;. If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. 

You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]].

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 18:52, 25 Septembris 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Samuel (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Samuel_(WMF)/Community_Insights_survey/other-languages&amp;oldid=20479295 --&gt;

==De italico==

Typographi me docebant numquam voces Graecas scriptura italica (''sic'') designare; nam scriptura Graeca usitata ipsa per se italica est. In libro, quem transcribimus, verba Graeca non italico designata sunt, — ipsa scriptura italica est. Sed si putas sic recte esse, cum continuero, designabo Graeca italico. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:03, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Demetrius Talpa}} Puto tu recte dicis; formae litterae in libro sunt quasi-italicae, sed nescio quomodo litterae graeciae sint. Non est magni momenti! Possumus eligere formam te putare recte esse. Et multas gratias! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:08, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)

== Ora Maritima: English or Latin? ==

I've added Sonnenschein's ''[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Ora_Maritima.djvu Ora Maritima]'' to Wikisource. I accidentally added it to the English namespace. I'm not sure I was wrong, though. ''Ora Maritima'' has a lot of exercises and so on that are written in English. So I'm not sure whether to view it as a Latin book with English bits or an English book about Latin. What do you think? I'd like to get this resolved before I start editing the pages, because I think migrating it across namespaces will be a pain if there are a lot of pages to move. [[Usor:Persimmon and Hazelnut|Persimmon and Hazelnut]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Persimmon and Hazelnut|disputatio]]) 15:30, 7 Octobris 2021 (UTC)
:Hi {{ping|Persimmon and Hazelnut}} I think the case is arguable either way; things are a bit more relaxed here but there are more users at en.ws; maybe ask on their forum before pressing ahead? Either way I will try to give you a bit of help with it. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:36, 9 Octobris 2021 (UTC)

== Suggestion ==

Hello! How are you?

My name is Erick, I'm from Brazil, and I have added this [[:oldwikisource:Reproduction fac-similé d'un dessin (Bartholomeu Lourenço de Gusmão)/Delineatio machinæ artificiosæ|work]] by [[Scriptor:Bartholomæus de Gusmão|Bartolomeu de Gusmão]] at the Multilingual Wikisource, since it is pretty much a French-Latin bilingual book. You might find it interesting and, if possible, I would like to know if the writing &quot;Bartholomæus de Gusmão&quot; (at the &quot;Scriptor&quot; page) is correct. He was a quite fascinating character and also mastered the Latin-language (I have tried to find more Latin-language versions of his works online, but to no avail). I've found the Latin-language quite interesting, and I hope to learn it enough for reading and writing some day (but grammar lessons don't really work with me) to edit here and in the Latin Wiki. Cheers! [[Usor:Erick Soares3|Erick Soares3]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erick Soares3|disputatio]]) 00:11, 16 Novembris 2024 (UTC)

== Epistulae ==

Hi, I'm asking for help/ideas here. Sorry for not writing in Latin, but creating original Latin texts is a bit out of my league. I got a book with scans and transcriptions of letters between Johann Scopoli and Carl Linnae, two famous biologists. I've started transcribing these letters (only those of Scopoli, so far) at [[Epistulae ad Carolum Linnaeum (Ioannes Antonius Scopoli)]]. I am wondering, since there is a lot of letters if there's a better way to organise them (I still have to do ie. text placement on the already transcribed ones). I was thinking to maybe make a disambiguation type page which would contain a list of all letters? Or would standalone pages be more appropriate? Anyhow, thanks for your response! Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 21:00, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, yes usually an index page with links to the letters would make sense. See [[Epistulae (Marcus Tullius Cicero)]] for example. Is the source in the public domain or only the contents of the letters btw? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:13, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::Even though the book isn’t old, I believe they are public domain. Scans do not renew copyright in Slovenia and a known author died before 1945, so they should be in public domain (book was made in Slovenia, hence Slovene copyright laws apply). Translations are likely copyrightable, as is the introduction. Don’t worry, I’m not uploading these, just letters :) If anything is wrong, please let me know. Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 09:42, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure, I was just wondering whether there was a reason for not uploading the source document. If this is included and linked, this helps with provenance, double proof reading and long term error correction. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:41, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::I believe I could upload scanned scans of letters, but once in the future since I'm a bit occupied with other more important things onwiki. Thanks for your help! Stay safe, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 13:45, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I uploaded the first letter at [[:File:Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760).pdf]], but I have a little problem when referencing it at [[Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760)]] (throws an error that the index page wasn't created yet, which is expected). Since not the whole book is in Latin nor is in public domain, is there a way to connect both the Wikisource page with the scanned PDF? Thanks a lot, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi there, yes this all very non-obvious. I have linked the transcription; you use &quot;Liber:filename&quot;; and then add at least &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the fields. Pagelist has lots of options, so you can exclude pages and number them in specific ways.
::::::Then, on the compiled public pages, you need to reference the pages you want from the ''Liber'' you want. You can probably use multiple ''Liberi'', or else you can add pages to your PDF by adding new versions to WP Commons on the same file page (ie, '''replace''' the file, rather than create new copies with new file names). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:03, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I see you have done most of this at [[:Liber:Scopoli-1777 Introductio ad historiam naturalem.pdf]], except for setting up a public / compiled version. usually the transcription is not viewed as the &quot;final&quot; product; the pages are set up as just HTML, eg ''[[De Principe]]'' which compiles the transcription made at [[:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf]]; this allows export and easier reading, etc. Hope that helps! Also pages of a finished book need to sit underneath the main book page, so that export to epub PDF etc works correctly. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:15, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Many thanks for your response! [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 07:20, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)

== [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]] ==

Thank you so much for your interest and assistance. With the help of Google Translate and other ai tool, the text now makes sense. 

I hope you're not too busy and we can manage to finish it within a month or two.

Best regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:36, 19 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, no problem and sure, the timescale depends really how much prep you can do on the pages before I proof them. The more coherent they are, the easier it is for me to tidy them up. I appreciate tho it might be a lot of work for you to get to the standard you had for the first couple of pages. Let me know how you want to approach it; I do have other things on (eg, [[De Principe]], but if the pages are fairly tidy, doing two or three of pages a day on average is quite possible. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:27, 20 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Hi,
::Here a another copy of the book Foenix
::* https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00001198-001/page/n11/mode/1up
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:43, 22 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::It's slow going, but we're making progress. Have a look when you get a chance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:50, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Will do, can you take a look at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/30|page 30]] again when you have a chance? The second part got forgot :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:52, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I am cross referencing the text using the other copies as guide. So it will take a while.
::::# [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Phoenix (Petrus Ravennas, 1600).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 07:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::by the way this is the clearest copy to work on. So I need your help on this page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/20|20]]
:::::[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:03, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Do you want to pause and transfer the work to the new book, rather than work on two copies? It seems a waste of effort to transcribe both, if this version is clearer and easier. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:43, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Well this is done. So go ahead and check transcription and no need to work on the new book
:::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:24, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I am using the other copy to find mistake in the first one [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:39, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::OK, no problem, I will leave to you and work on the long edition. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:46, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Do you know the copy below contains two book in one ([[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]). 
:::::::::So, I am trying to finish ([[Foenix]]) first.
:::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:08, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::I spotted you have split these up. The second on looks a lot more troublesome, with the gothic font. Is it all set like that? And if so, is there another, easier copy to work off? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:10, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::There is another copy for (Congestorium Artificiose Memorie)
:::::::::::[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That looks about the same, in terms of typsetting, unless I have missed something. 
::::::::::::There is also a critical edition recently published, access to which would help. See [https://editorialsinderesis.com/wp-content/uploads/texto-the-congestorium-artificiose-memorie-.pdf this sample of the book]. You could [https://www.ujaen.es/departamentos/lycm/contactos/ramos-grane-marta contact the author via this page] and ask if they would be prepared to share their raw transcription? They might appreciate the interest and share the pain of doing this, and wish to save you the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:19, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Not sure if the author agree due to copyright by the publisher [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:38, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Sure, except:
::::::::::::::* the raw transcript is a literal copy of a public domain text and therefore not subject to copyright
::::::::::::::* as we would match the text to the PD document, this would ensure no copyright was infringed
::::::::::::::In any case, there is no harm in asking (and a lot to gain). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:40, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Also, another copy with more gothic font just in case
:::::::::::::* https://books.google.com/books?id=6XVSN-GYrl0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
:::::::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:47, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I can contact the author, if you prefer - let me know! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:51, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Yes that would be great [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Again, thank you for your support and assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:12, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I noticed that you left a &lt;!--chck--&gt; tag on pages [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/23|23]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/24|24]]. I reviewed those sections against another source on page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] and corrected some error. However, I'm unsure how to proceed with the other comment in the text and would appreciate your guidance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:59, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks; the main issue now is all the medieval style references, which need to be comprehensible for a modern reader. This will take some research and checking but it is not necessarily for you to do. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:06, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Excellent. When you have a moment, kindly take a look at page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] &lt;br&gt;[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I successfully removed hidden characters (such as hidden hyphens) from the text resulting from OCR processing. 
:::::::::I will now begin working on the second copy of the book &quot;[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]]&quot; 
:::::::::Second time's the charm. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:17, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Where do I do the proofing for ''Congestorium Artificiose Memorie''? Or is that paused? 
:On ''Foenix'', I will work through the various pages marked as ''problematic''. 
:Re page 21 of the second version of ''Foenix'', I don't understand the purpose of me proofing a second copy of this book, could you explain what you are trying to do? 
:I can work on one copy of a book, but I cannot help proofread two versions of the same thing. If it helps you, then you can do what you like of course, but my help has to be limited to one copy of each text. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:54, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::I don't know why some of the pages marked as ''problematic''. So I am trying find out from other copy [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 11:09, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure. I have marked them as problematic because they have contractions that I don't understand, or because the characters are sometimes hard to read - sit and fit look very similar, meaning &quot;it would be&quot; and &quot;it makes&quot;, roughly. I am going through the contractions asking ChatGPT or Claude what it makes of them. This is a task for me, which is easiest done this way. It is probably easiest if you let me reduce these to the very difficult to solve issues. There is one, at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/29|29]], where the contraction e. is unclear. This is his memory aid, but at this point you may need a Latin specialist and a mnemnonics specialist to make an educated guess! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:15, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::That is done now, first pass complete. One query, and maybe some assumptions on the abbreviations relating to the mnemnonics, particulary ''rotunda'' (''.r.'') which might be double checked. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:39, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::You might find ChatGPT or Claude helpful for transcription the '' Congestorium Artificiose Memorie'' [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:12, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi, see my comments at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] - the OCR tools here do a really good job, if you choose the right one. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:16, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:21, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::If this was what you have been doing on the other pages of this book then the results are very poor compared with Tesseract OCR which is nearly spot on [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I can btw give some simple instructions for importing and cleaning up the Tesseract OCR, which would be a lot of help for me to proof the result: Basically:
:::::* Import OCR
:::::* Using an external text tool, search and replace ſ for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}};&lt;/nowiki&gt; remove the line breaks and hyphen character (join the hyphened words together)
:::::*&lt;nowiki&gt; replace qꝫ with {{que}}, ⁊ with {{tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; etc
:::::[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:19, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::As above, looking at the prior work you had done, I don't think it is very helpful [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Whatever you did on Foenix was pretty decent, but the results on the second book are borderline nonsense at time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:24, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::It might just surprise you [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:26, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I just tried for [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|page 56]], which [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|I did withTesseract]] 
:::::::::I got this:
:::::::::&lt;blockquote&gt;
:::::::::simit doctois sollicitarione dum adolescentior
:::::::::esset in unum congesti libellum qui inde Lon-
:::::::::gestovium artificiose nemozatioe nomen sorti-
:::::::::tus est. Interposita itaq; per me appellatione
:::::::::cum devolveretur ad S. Apostolicam causā
:::::::::Jacobi hochstrassen inquisitoria contra *Spe-
:::::::::culum ocularezibq; inter cardinei cœtus vi-
:::::::::ros pecularius committeretur / veluti iuriscon-
:::::::::sultissimis: &amp; quod præcipuum erat: quia inter
:::::::::Theologicum agmen facile primatum tribit ve-
:::::::::dicasset vir alter eque acu (absq; iniuria di-
:::::::::cetur) quid nam fideri archodoceæ consentane
:::::::::um: quidue dissimum internoscere. Cumq;
:::::::::ille reverendissimus pater &amp; procurator age-
:::::::::ret apud Episcopum Spirē. factus apud
:::::::::Reuerendiff. Domi. tuam sollicitator con-
:::::::::sumptis aliquoties vigiliis abs te institit:
:::::::::dum indices vel rectius horarum edes tuas fre-
:::::::::quentares: tuo potissimum erant: quæ longe
:::::::::noscē molestiam nonnulli alleviarent: Impzi-
:::::::::mis quidem locorum arte Symonidis compa-
:::::::::ratio optaram in sum amplo spacioso perspicu-
:::::::::o tuo cum dissertinijs ad rem ipsam necessariijs
:::::::::exornatissimo palatio. Ne modo ut Liceronis
:::::::::est præcepto centum inibi concederentur lo-
:::::::::caverum penetrare que Ioan. M. Ischaelis
:::::::::&amp; Petrus ravennas: atq; alij suadent facillimē
:::::::::illuc coniurare liceret. Si quippe religiosorū
:::::::::domus Theologorum: Iuristarum / &amp; Medicorū
:::::::::/ Philosophorum: id genus hominum maiore
:::::::::nōs ingredi liberet quatenus inibi nobis loca
:::::::::vendicemus a Palatio tuo volefcius nulla ra&lt;/blockquote&gt;
:::::::::Tesseract picks up all of the weird characters, much, much better. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:30, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Here is a [[Usor:JimKillock/Transcribe_test|table showing a comparison for pge 57]]. Tesseract is doing much better and would save us both a lot of time, I am certain. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Hi there, Marta came back to say that she is contractually obliged not to share her transcription. 
::::::::::I played a bit more with the two transcription tools. I am not anti CHatGPT or anything, I use it for various things, but it is doing a lot worse than the scanning tools we have. This second book is a lot more old fashioned and uses a lot more medieval scribal contractions, which ChatGPT is not picking up (along with some other errors). See [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina%3AFoenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_%28Petrus%29_%28IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001%29.pdf%2F54&amp;diff=235384&amp;oldid=234977 this edit for example], where I replaced what you were able to do with ChatGPT with a Tesseract transcription. 
::::::::::If we go with Tesseract, and you can do the initial work, then I can commit to finishing the pages that way. If I have to work from ChatGPT output, without it being substantially cleaned up, I fear that will be too much work as I will just end up re-scanning the pages.  Considering how long this book is as well,  I will probably have to bow out at this point. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:55, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::I see your point, and you’re right. Also, I have a crazy idea — it just might work I need time to test it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 03:51, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KE4xEzFGSU8 [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 04:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That might be a stretch! I am njot sure it is needed, the error rate is not so high. The text we have is very close in style to what is known as a Latin [[:w:en:Incunabula|Incunabulum]]; ie early printed book, and the Tesseract Latin-Incunabula engine is trained on these kinds of books and fonts already.
::::::::::::There is another thing we can automate tho, which is the search and replace. Since a lot of the work is basically finding the characters long-s and son on, and replacing with a template, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}, {{et}}, {{tet}}, {{qui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, and so on, we could get a Wikimedia bot to work through the pages on the book,  and do all the replacements.
::::::::::::That would cut the time significantly, I think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Note that I am working on a bot for this. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::OK, so the folks at Wikisource helped write a js to do this for us. You can find my version of it at [[Usor:JimKillock/scribal.js]]. The first line of [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]] also needs to be included, to summon it. What this does is to clean up the output from the scan on the''' first save of the new page only'''.  This should speed up the process immensely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::okay, have look at page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/52|52]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/53|53]]
:::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it?
:::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? 
:::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:07, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it? - this looks good yes, altho the script would not work of course, as the page was already in existence.
::::::::::::::I corrected some templates which did not exist / were not needed. If in doubt, use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|origchar|result}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::::::::::::::I will vibecode a bash script to do the same job as the js tool, for the existing raw pages
::::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? Yes and yes
::::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; - It is what later became a ' mark - so it just means &quot;something missing follows&quot;. So we use&lt;nowiki&gt; {{Scr| ꝰ|us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:29, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::(we can add an {{us}} template tho, for readability etc - but not all 9's will be us), so IDK if we should transform it automatically) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:30, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::In fact it seems you are right and this is always -us, so I added it into the scripts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:51, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::[https://gist.github.com/JimKillock/853b4b8baf23bac5fd55b5499c1bf93a Here is a bash script] that will replace the characters automatically, not sure if you are familiar with using terminal scripts etc but it is not difficult. If made executable, and named as below, it would run with 
::::::::::::::&lt;code&gt;./wikimedia_transform.sh filename.txt&lt;/code&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
Checking in, if you want to help (and don't want to add transcriptions) you can format and check pages up to page 100. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:57, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:Update, I have {{exp|nearly}} done the first pass. Some of the layouts look quite hard work tho, with text on the sie o upside down. These might need to be images? SVGs? I am not sure. Let me know if you are still working on this, and how you feel able to help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:24, 4 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi there, I have listed the pages that I hope you or your friends can help format at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. Be good to hear from you, and know if you are still interested in finishing this project. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:12, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::I'm really sorry I haven’t been in touch—I was sick over the past few days and needed some time to rest and recover. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:33, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::No problem at all, hope you feel better. Let me know if you ate able to help with the page formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:35, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::Feeling better now—working on fixing the Header [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173|2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173]] 20:44, 7 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::I have create a table for the pages
::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 10:19, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::That's great, good to see progress on these. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:37, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi
::::::Two templates are required for this page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/216|216]] and possibly others.
::::::* &quot;Template:Upside down&quot;
::::::* &quot;Template:Transform-rotate&quot;
::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E]] 23:20, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK, copied across to &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Inversus}} {{Rotatus}}; and also {{Dsiplay}} was needed, at {{Ostensio}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:28, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::{{Inversus|Inversus}}, {{Rotatus|90|Rotatus}} [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:34, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Rotate has something wrong / missing, will investigate later or tomorrow [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:40, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::👍 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791]] 15:57, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::OK, it is working, in fact, but you need sytax like &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; giving &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;. See the documentation at [[Formula:Rotatus]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::you can also just use [[Formula:Littera rotata]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:17, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B|2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B]] 13:24, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Before I start splitting the book into chapters, please take a look at the table of contents I’ve created and share your feedback 
:::::::::::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.150.133|82.167.150.133]] 17:26, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Thanks, my only comment was to use forward slashes. Are you OK with the Wikimarkup around spltting pages, chapters etc? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::not a problem [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 17:37, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Like that [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae/Conclusio|Conclusio]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:14, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Have you thought of a fitting title for the opening section of the book?
:::::::::::::::from page 53 to 61 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:18, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::What do we have? Some poems (Poema) and some dedicatory letters (Epistolae). That would do for now I think? They can always be moved later, we could also check how Marta has done it, altho this is not obvious from the introductory chapters and contents page. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:37, 12 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.15.196|37.106.15.196]] 00:39, 2 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Ars Memorativa ==

Welcome back! I noticed you haven't been working on the [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] lately. It's perfectly fine to pause and take breaks from time to time.

In the meantime, would you be interested in working on another book together?

[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]]
Best Regret [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.2.89|37.106.2.89]] 03:40, 20 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, will take a look at this in a week or so, am busy this month tho. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:22, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 07:00, 27 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::So are you ready? [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.105.235.52|37.105.235.52]] 10:16, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi there, no I have some other things I need to do but will take a look mid September. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:34, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::::I hope you are doing well. 
::::Are you ready now? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:16, 23 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi there I can make a start and help but my time is a bit limited. Which of these is the higher priority? The shorter text might be more realistic. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:43, 26 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|The Ars Memorativa of Gulielmus Leporeus of Avallon]] may be accomplished in a short time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:12, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just apply the same approach you used last time to the entire book, and I’ll go through it to make adjustments. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:19, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK. Will start on this. Something to think about, especially if we go back to the longer text, we could consider doing a &quot;time / skills swap&quot;; for example I have a book here [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]]; and I have a text which is already transcribed which I need to copy paste back. I can provide the text in wiki format, and the page numbers are clearly marked. I could ask you to do the copy paste work in return for the time proof reading pages at [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. we don't have to be exact about the time, but could let erach other know a rough estimate of time given; this would help me feel like I am able to progress my projects while helping you, rather than having to choose not to do my own projects in order to help you. Let me know what you think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:58, 28 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Agreed on &quot;time / skills swap&quot; for both books
::::::::* [[Liber:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] 
::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
::::::::in exchange for transcribing 
::::::::* [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf|Nos in schola latine loquimur Ars latine loquendi]]
::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 03:00, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Ah great! it is just copy pasting; I will create a document with the text that needs moving over shortly. Thank you very much :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:16, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::15 pages everyday maybe by the next month it will be done. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 08:50, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Hi there, the text to copy is here: [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] - please note, use this text, rather than trasnscribing anew, as it is '''already proofed'''. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:55, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::Don’t worry, it’s easy for me to make a new transcription, better than just copying another text.[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 16:49, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Sure, but then I have extra working validating it? The text I have is checked. Unless you have a way to check your work against the copy I have? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:15, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I have completed 15 pages using my current approach. Could you review and validate it to determine if I should proceed further? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::https://www.diffchecker.com/text-compare/ [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 06:02, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Hi there, Ok carry on, you are doing a good job with the formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:48, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::I want to use [[en:Template:Overfloat image|Overfloat image]] template on [[Pagina:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu/7|page number 7]] but I didn't find it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 10:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Sure I can copy this across. I will take a look at the page and what you need to achieve. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:49, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::That's now available using &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Imago superposita}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. I haven't tested it, and please remember that text renders differently according to user preferences, so this will be very inexact. In the case of this title page, using Alt text could be a perfectly acceptable or preferable way of showing the page text and illutration. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Done.
::::::::::[[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:11, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::another [[en:Template:Scan page link]] is needed [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:15, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Added [[Formula:Nexus ad facsimile]]; but it might break, there are a lot of sub templates by the look of it. If you try it somewhere I can debug it and add whatever else is missing. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:05, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::I would like to include it in the table of contents to make it easier for me to review and jump to any chapter.
::::::::::::[[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/9|Table of Contents]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:10, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Can you set this up where you want it to work, eg put the transcription pages with the ToC on Liber page to list the contents, or make a book page with the ToC displayed on the page, so we can see if it works? The '''template applies differently to all three different spaces''', transcription page; Liber (transcription project) page; and mainspace (book), so we can only test it if it is displayed in all three contexts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:43, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I didn't understand what do you want me to do [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 11:47, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::The template is designed to work on content transcluded on Index (Liber) pages (see [[en:Template:Scan_page_link]]. I'm assuming you want to use the contents page on the Liber / Index page. It behaves differently when transcluded on the normal book pages. So you should set up the contents page transclusion on [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] and also at [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] so we can test it is all working (or not). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:49, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::I added it but it does not seem to be working; can you check and confirm? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:40, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::::Yes it does not work [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 23:24, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;s&gt;Two&lt;/s&gt; One formula&lt;s&gt;e&lt;/s&gt; to fix? ==

Noticed your talk page is listed in [[:Categoria:Formulae]]. Searched through the templates used on the talk page and found two with misplaced references to the category:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; 

Oh, wait, [[Formula:Exp]] is a redirect, and not a problem.

Could you fix up [[:Formula:Textus expunctus]] to put the category inside the noinclude
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
and then check your talk page disappears from [[:Categoria:Formulae]] ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:I think that is done, thank you! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:39, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Transcription request: Ars_Memorativa, Josephus Publicius ==

If it’s not too much trouble, could you please take some time to transcribe this book? You don’t need to make an exact transcription — just enough to get things started so that table of contents, images and decorative drop caps can be added.
I understand this is quite a big request, and I truly appreciate your patience, effort, and willingness to help make the content more accessible and visually.
*[[Liber:Ars_Oratoria._Ars_Epistolandi._Ars_Memorativa._(Publicio).djvu]]
[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 22:57, 14 Octobris 2025 (UTC
:I am only interested in the Ars Memorativa section ([[Pagina:Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa. (Publicio).djvu/111|page 111]] onward), in order to maintain a clear and focused scope. The remainder of the book may be considered at a later stage, if time permits. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:37, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi, can we keep topics to topic? You can request this with a new topic on my user page or on the discussion page for the book. Otherwise it gets really hard to keep track of what we are discussing and where to find things. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:27, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:The long and short of it is that it depends if you can help me in return. Some point I may find this a bit much, but for now it is OK and I do have other tasks that you could do in return in a skills - a time swap, even after you finish the Nos in Schola Latine Loquimur textbook. 
:I ran a couple of test pages of your new text through the OCR tool and they seem to have gone quite well.
:I am less keen on only doing part of the text though. I don't like leaving projects half done, but also I think the work itself is likely to work as a unit from a little reading around.
:I think we should complete the current [[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] book first though before considering taking on another one. 
:At the moment with the current book it takes me about 30-40 mins per page to correct the scan and check my work for errors via ChatGPT.  I have time this week so I might clear up the text by the end of the week. So that would be about 30 hours work for the current text, hopefully by the end of the week,  how is it going on your side? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:50, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::So far, the first part—copying and pasting the text into the corresponding pages—has been completed, which fulfills my part of our time and skills exchange. In addition, I’ve developed a script that automatically generates a table of contents for each chapter. And because I don’t like leaving projects unfinished, I’m now working on validating each page, which is the final step to complete the project.
::I’d also like to take this opportunity to thank you for the excellent job you did transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]—it really made the process much smoother and the content far more readable.
::For the next book, ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''., could you please use the script to extract the entire text for the whole book, just like you did before with ''Nos in schola Latine loquimur''? I’ll take care of copying and pasting the extracted text into the corresponding pages afterward. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:22, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Thank you. Because this will be a long project I think we should be clear and accountable with each other, so that the exchange is a fair one. What I am asking is whether you have spent or will have spent about 30 hours on the school book. The easiest way to estimate this is to estimate how long page scanning / and page validation takes for you per page.
:::If your work on the book takes longer than 30 hours, that is fine, and I will match it on the next transcription project. Once done, you can help me with another simple transcription job.
:::For me, it was taking about an hour per page but this has reduced to about 30-40 minutes. So I've estimated I've given you about 30 hours (it's probably more but don't worry about that)
:::On ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa,'' you could do the page extraction yourself, you don't need me to do this. You would however need to set up the scripts in your user page, and remember to choose the correct OCR model, but that is all. I can give you instructions on this if you like.
:::Otherwise I will get to this after I've done with the current book. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::I’m not completely sure, but it seems to be over 30 hours.
::::On 3 October 2025, I worked on transcribing pages from [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/190|176]] to [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/329|315]] between 01:26 and 23:14, which took roughly 11 hours including some breaks. You can verify this in the page history.
::::Now I’ll take my time to carefully validate the text on each page — hopefully one chapter per day.
::::It’s no big deal — I’m glad to help! And if there’s another simple transcription task similar to the previous one, I’d be happy to assist. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:55, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Once again, thank you for your kind assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 11:00, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks very much, that is good to hear! I'll wait until we are done with Nos In Schola before suggesting anything else. Do you want me to set up scripts in your user space so you can start work on ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''? Once they are added, you can just use the inbuilt OCR tools, and they will save with my templates for the scribal shorthand. Even tho you have a temporary account, this should all work. I can also give you screenshots and a guide so you can do the scanning. Let me know. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:21, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Many thanks for transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]. With the help of AI translation, I’m finally able to dive into its insights and discover the wisdom hidden within its pages.
::::::I’m still moving forward with my [[Liber:Nos_in_schola_latine_loquimur_-_Ars_latine_loquendi.pdf|current task]], though a bit slowly—about one chapter each day—as I also continue transcribing another [[Liber:Opera Latine Conscripta, Volume 2 (Bruno).djvu|memory book]]. It’s so much easier working with the printed text than trying to make sense of the handwritten one!
::::::By the way, your skill in reading and transcribing handwritten manuscripts is truly impressive. That’s such a rare talent, and it really brings these old works back to life. 
::::::You should definitely keep focusing on that—it’s a gift that few people have! [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|&amp;#126;2025-30550-29]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|talk]]) 00:27, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thanks, I hope you don't mind me saying that I can tell when AI has helped you with your messages! They are a bit too fulsome in their praise, which is one of the dangers of these tools, they mislead you about the strength of your own talents.
:::::::I noticed you'd found a new memory book to transcribe. I can certainly take a look at this when you are done. As you say working with more modern printing is much easier. Even  seventeenth and eighteenth century books are easier than the fifteenth / early sixteenth century texts you have been interested in.
:::::::I will keep going with the Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa, but need to try some other things meantime just to take a bit of a break. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:26, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)

== Ecclesiastical Latin  ==

Hello.  I've been taking a break.  I was just looking at the formulae you were working on for letters.  Still struggling with them a bit, but I will persevere.  

I was wondering if you had given any consideration to a way to display accents in &quot;Church Latin.&quot;  These are the acute marks showing where to place the accent when reading aloud, and are present in missals and many prayer books.  

á é í ó ú ǽ æ Æ Ǽ Œ œ and of course the Versicle and Response glyphs, ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .

Here is an example page:  [[:Pagina:Missale_Romanum_1862.djvu/301]]    

In a missal page like the above, some of the text, specifically the rubrics (instructions), do not include the accents, only the text meant to be spoken.  

These glyphs (and their display) is I think different from the abbreviations in incunabula and early printed works.  I think it will be a while before I am comfortable displaying the abbreviations (instead of their expanded transcriptions) to read, but the accents are helpful when reading, even when not reading aloud.  

I have spent some time recently hunting for fonts that include all these glyphs.  

It will be important to be able to specify such fonts that include all the relevant glyphs in displaying them on WS or when downloading them in an epub;  do you know if that sort of thing is doable here?  (I think a lot of it is a browser problem.)  

Should we move or copy these discussions to someplace more publicly visible?  I would suggest the Category you created, unless that is supposed to be limited to discussions about the Category itself.  Or anywhere else suitable.  

Did you ever find the unicodes for ℣ and ℟ ?  Would the results of my research into these various glyphs and the fonts that display them be useful to you? [[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Laura1822|disputatio]]) 20:56, 23 Octobris 2025 (UTC)  

:Hi @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]]
:There is a lot here! And yes we can find a better place to discuss this.
:(1) Church accents: these you want to preferve in the mainspace (not transcription) pages that people see, so just use the characters as-is. ie á é í ó ú. Then ǽ poses a bit of a problem. You could either  leave æ  in place on mainspace pages for consistency, or just accent ǽ. These accents as you know are to indicate stress, so are as you say an aid to speaking, which explains their absence in the small print. Likewise, with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ you should leave these in place.
:I can see that this poses a problem for some users tho, who might not have fonts containing ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .
:(2) Fonts: the idea with the templates is that users never see the abbreviations unless they want to. So for most people, they will not see them. Compare [[Pagina:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu/8]] (transcription page) with [[Ars_Memorativa_Gulielmi_Leporei_Avallonensis/Gulielmus_Leporeus_Domino_Gulielmo_Iornoer]] (mainspace). users will look at the second of these, normally at least. These aren't set up yet for [[Arra aeternae salutis]] or [[Missale Romanum (1496)]]. Let me know if you'd like help with that so you can see better how this is working for your transcriptions.
:I have developed a means to toggle the abbreviations in the mainspace.
:(3) Installation of fonts on Wikisource / ebooks: this ought to be doable, it's there for blackletter scripts I think. It's more relevant if the characters are visible in mainspace. Transcriptions (Liber / Pagina) don't matter so much to users. But of course for your Missal with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠, these are needed. Interesting that these were preserved!
:(4) We can use the category for discussions for now; some point I should write up the whole system especially if you or others are using it. I know the documentation for the templates has slipped a bit. Regarding ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ in the Missal, the best place to have this discussion is at [[Vicifons:Scriptorium]]; I will open something up there for you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:33, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

p.s.  ''Thank you'' for the several pages you edited of ''Arra Aeternis''!!
:No problem! Happy to help some more if it's useful! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:35, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== ꝓ is always pro, never prae or pre ==

I have already checked and corrected the instances were [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ|rae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; were used instead of [[Formula:pro|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]]. I also updated the [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; template]].

I suggest you update your [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|javascript]] so to not commit this mistake. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 17:36, 5 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks very much, will amend! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:03, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== Last year's &lt;s&gt;sins&lt;/s&gt; typoes ==

(Btw: Congratulations!)

Last year you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82]] and 
[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=236403 introduced] {{tlx|-|ost}} into the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas

Separately you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198]] and [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=236544 added] {{tlx|-|itu}} near the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.

It seems that someone then copied you and made a similar change to [[Pagina:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae (Romberch de Kyrspe).djvu/13]] 
::&lt;nowiki&gt;opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis:&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis

The formula/template {{tlx|-}} is a redirect to {{tlx|clear}}. The effect of these uses of {{tlx|clear}} is as though someone had put a linebreak &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the text. The first example above produces
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear:ost;&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Can you look at these three instances (which are the only ones found using a search for insource:/[{][{]-[|]/ ) and try and figure out what was intended? That is, what formula/template was meant to be used?

'''Oh!''', was it supposed to be {{tlx|~}} ?
::&lt;nowiki&gt;n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a

Ahh, fixed the linebreak thing in all three pages and then two books they showed up in:
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Secundus/Capitulum_1]]
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Quartus/Capitulum_1]]

Can you explain...
:are you trying to make the pagina: view look as close to the page image as possible,
:but then trying to have the final text view have all the abbreviations expanded?
[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], yes: the idea is this:
:* to preserve the original marking so these are available to users, scholars etc; 
:* to provide templates for the character switches that are fairly readable when transcribing; 
:* to enable the user to OCR the original scribal conventions and automatically replace them with these templates;
:* to ensure a modern reader can get something closer to modern orthography
:* to allow a modern reader to be able to choose between these two views using javascript
:The procedures for easing scanning, adding the templates and installing toggling views etc can now be found on the category page at present. See [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:39, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::So reviewing that list something popped out for {{tl|c̃}} - it was showing up in the second column as &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;. I [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:C%CC%83&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=270942 fixed] the extra '&gt;'. But it still shows up as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
::{{tl|c̃}} is only used once, in page [[Pagina:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu/9]], as 
:::&lt;nowiki&gt;cu{{c̃|nc}}tum&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Notice the supplied parameter.
::Comparing {{tl|Õ}} with {{tl|c̃}} I see the former has code for checking whether a parameter has been supplied, whereas the latter _requires_ a parameter.
:::{{tl|Õ}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|õ|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::{{tl|c̃}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|c̃|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Different again, {{tl|m̃}} has another way of allowing a default:
:::{{tl|m̃}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|m̃|{{{1|em}}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Anyway, as is, without a parameter given in the [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] list, {{tl|c̃}} shows up badly.
::Is there no good default for {{tl|c̃}} ?
::Also, when it says 'usor' in the third column, what does that mean?
::[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:11, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>anaypznmgrdovvzc27wlbftrbpes7aq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270944</id>
      <parentid>270943</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T21:28:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shenme</username>
        <id>17647</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Last year's sins typoes */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>270944</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64497" sha1="bn9b1ddqswky85lvtudwqj95eqp7ulq" xml:space="preserve">== Salve! ==

{{Salve}}[[Usor:Zyephyrus|Zyephyrus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Zyephyrus|disputatio]]) 14:24, 16 Augusti 2019 (UTC)

== span ==

please wait to add &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;ws-cover&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the pages; I will add a parameter for that in the revised [[Formula:Titulus]]. just give me some time till monday :) --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 07:57, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
:Sure :) was just seeing if it works on other exports – I will remove once I've exported one or two. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:58, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
::ok, it was just to be sure :). the template will have a parameter ''Frons='' to specify the (eventual) cover page, like [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=De_antiquissima_Italorum_sapientia&amp;type=revision&amp;diff=126321&amp;oldid=126320 this] (seems to work). now, we have to understand why the export fails with pdf, and how/if we can center the resulting image... --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 08:26, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)

== [[:meta:Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement|Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement]] ==

hi, I just wanted to inform you that at the link above on Meta they are looking for comments or feedbacks about the export of Wikisource contents as ebooks; since you seemed interested in the matter, feel free to join the conversation there if you want :) have a nice day, --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 11:57, 28 Maii 2020 (UTC)
:Thanks! Will take a look. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:30, 17 Iunii 2020 (UTC)

== Colloquia Erasmi ==
Salve! Optime fecisti quod transcriptionem Colloquiorum aggressus es, quo in opere libenter te adjuvabo. Qui in Vicifonte tiro sim, dubius sum: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Disputatio_Libri:Erasmi_Colloquia_Familiaria_Et_Encomium_Moriae.djvu Etiam nescio quam ob rem efficere non possum ut alter dialogus in propria pagina appareat: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Colloquia_familiaria/Epithalamium_Petri_Aegidii --[[Usor:Quasus|Quasus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Quasus|disputatio]]) 19:10, 16 Septembris 2020 (UTC)
:{{at||Quasus}} Salve Quaese! Et multas gratias! Corrigo hoc paginam, et addere aliquae notae formatae. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]])

== We sent you an e-mail ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}},

Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled &quot;The Community Insights survey is coming!&quot;. If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. 

You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]].

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 18:52, 25 Septembris 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Samuel (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Samuel_(WMF)/Community_Insights_survey/other-languages&amp;oldid=20479295 --&gt;

==De italico==

Typographi me docebant numquam voces Graecas scriptura italica (''sic'') designare; nam scriptura Graeca usitata ipsa per se italica est. In libro, quem transcribimus, verba Graeca non italico designata sunt, — ipsa scriptura italica est. Sed si putas sic recte esse, cum continuero, designabo Graeca italico. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:03, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Demetrius Talpa}} Puto tu recte dicis; formae litterae in libro sunt quasi-italicae, sed nescio quomodo litterae graeciae sint. Non est magni momenti! Possumus eligere formam te putare recte esse. Et multas gratias! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:08, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)

== Ora Maritima: English or Latin? ==

I've added Sonnenschein's ''[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Ora_Maritima.djvu Ora Maritima]'' to Wikisource. I accidentally added it to the English namespace. I'm not sure I was wrong, though. ''Ora Maritima'' has a lot of exercises and so on that are written in English. So I'm not sure whether to view it as a Latin book with English bits or an English book about Latin. What do you think? I'd like to get this resolved before I start editing the pages, because I think migrating it across namespaces will be a pain if there are a lot of pages to move. [[Usor:Persimmon and Hazelnut|Persimmon and Hazelnut]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Persimmon and Hazelnut|disputatio]]) 15:30, 7 Octobris 2021 (UTC)
:Hi {{ping|Persimmon and Hazelnut}} I think the case is arguable either way; things are a bit more relaxed here but there are more users at en.ws; maybe ask on their forum before pressing ahead? Either way I will try to give you a bit of help with it. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:36, 9 Octobris 2021 (UTC)

== Suggestion ==

Hello! How are you?

My name is Erick, I'm from Brazil, and I have added this [[:oldwikisource:Reproduction fac-similé d'un dessin (Bartholomeu Lourenço de Gusmão)/Delineatio machinæ artificiosæ|work]] by [[Scriptor:Bartholomæus de Gusmão|Bartolomeu de Gusmão]] at the Multilingual Wikisource, since it is pretty much a French-Latin bilingual book. You might find it interesting and, if possible, I would like to know if the writing &quot;Bartholomæus de Gusmão&quot; (at the &quot;Scriptor&quot; page) is correct. He was a quite fascinating character and also mastered the Latin-language (I have tried to find more Latin-language versions of his works online, but to no avail). I've found the Latin-language quite interesting, and I hope to learn it enough for reading and writing some day (but grammar lessons don't really work with me) to edit here and in the Latin Wiki. Cheers! [[Usor:Erick Soares3|Erick Soares3]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erick Soares3|disputatio]]) 00:11, 16 Novembris 2024 (UTC)

== Epistulae ==

Hi, I'm asking for help/ideas here. Sorry for not writing in Latin, but creating original Latin texts is a bit out of my league. I got a book with scans and transcriptions of letters between Johann Scopoli and Carl Linnae, two famous biologists. I've started transcribing these letters (only those of Scopoli, so far) at [[Epistulae ad Carolum Linnaeum (Ioannes Antonius Scopoli)]]. I am wondering, since there is a lot of letters if there's a better way to organise them (I still have to do ie. text placement on the already transcribed ones). I was thinking to maybe make a disambiguation type page which would contain a list of all letters? Or would standalone pages be more appropriate? Anyhow, thanks for your response! Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 21:00, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, yes usually an index page with links to the letters would make sense. See [[Epistulae (Marcus Tullius Cicero)]] for example. Is the source in the public domain or only the contents of the letters btw? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:13, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::Even though the book isn’t old, I believe they are public domain. Scans do not renew copyright in Slovenia and a known author died before 1945, so they should be in public domain (book was made in Slovenia, hence Slovene copyright laws apply). Translations are likely copyrightable, as is the introduction. Don’t worry, I’m not uploading these, just letters :) If anything is wrong, please let me know. Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 09:42, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure, I was just wondering whether there was a reason for not uploading the source document. If this is included and linked, this helps with provenance, double proof reading and long term error correction. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:41, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::I believe I could upload scanned scans of letters, but once in the future since I'm a bit occupied with other more important things onwiki. Thanks for your help! Stay safe, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 13:45, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I uploaded the first letter at [[:File:Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760).pdf]], but I have a little problem when referencing it at [[Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760)]] (throws an error that the index page wasn't created yet, which is expected). Since not the whole book is in Latin nor is in public domain, is there a way to connect both the Wikisource page with the scanned PDF? Thanks a lot, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi there, yes this all very non-obvious. I have linked the transcription; you use &quot;Liber:filename&quot;; and then add at least &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the fields. Pagelist has lots of options, so you can exclude pages and number them in specific ways.
::::::Then, on the compiled public pages, you need to reference the pages you want from the ''Liber'' you want. You can probably use multiple ''Liberi'', or else you can add pages to your PDF by adding new versions to WP Commons on the same file page (ie, '''replace''' the file, rather than create new copies with new file names). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:03, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I see you have done most of this at [[:Liber:Scopoli-1777 Introductio ad historiam naturalem.pdf]], except for setting up a public / compiled version. usually the transcription is not viewed as the &quot;final&quot; product; the pages are set up as just HTML, eg ''[[De Principe]]'' which compiles the transcription made at [[:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf]]; this allows export and easier reading, etc. Hope that helps! Also pages of a finished book need to sit underneath the main book page, so that export to epub PDF etc works correctly. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:15, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Many thanks for your response! [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 07:20, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)

== [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]] ==

Thank you so much for your interest and assistance. With the help of Google Translate and other ai tool, the text now makes sense. 

I hope you're not too busy and we can manage to finish it within a month or two.

Best regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:36, 19 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, no problem and sure, the timescale depends really how much prep you can do on the pages before I proof them. The more coherent they are, the easier it is for me to tidy them up. I appreciate tho it might be a lot of work for you to get to the standard you had for the first couple of pages. Let me know how you want to approach it; I do have other things on (eg, [[De Principe]], but if the pages are fairly tidy, doing two or three of pages a day on average is quite possible. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:27, 20 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Hi,
::Here a another copy of the book Foenix
::* https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00001198-001/page/n11/mode/1up
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:43, 22 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::It's slow going, but we're making progress. Have a look when you get a chance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:50, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Will do, can you take a look at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/30|page 30]] again when you have a chance? The second part got forgot :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:52, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I am cross referencing the text using the other copies as guide. So it will take a while.
::::# [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Phoenix (Petrus Ravennas, 1600).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 07:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::by the way this is the clearest copy to work on. So I need your help on this page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/20|20]]
:::::[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:03, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Do you want to pause and transfer the work to the new book, rather than work on two copies? It seems a waste of effort to transcribe both, if this version is clearer and easier. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:43, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Well this is done. So go ahead and check transcription and no need to work on the new book
:::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:24, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I am using the other copy to find mistake in the first one [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:39, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::OK, no problem, I will leave to you and work on the long edition. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:46, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Do you know the copy below contains two book in one ([[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]). 
:::::::::So, I am trying to finish ([[Foenix]]) first.
:::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:08, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::I spotted you have split these up. The second on looks a lot more troublesome, with the gothic font. Is it all set like that? And if so, is there another, easier copy to work off? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:10, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::There is another copy for (Congestorium Artificiose Memorie)
:::::::::::[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That looks about the same, in terms of typsetting, unless I have missed something. 
::::::::::::There is also a critical edition recently published, access to which would help. See [https://editorialsinderesis.com/wp-content/uploads/texto-the-congestorium-artificiose-memorie-.pdf this sample of the book]. You could [https://www.ujaen.es/departamentos/lycm/contactos/ramos-grane-marta contact the author via this page] and ask if they would be prepared to share their raw transcription? They might appreciate the interest and share the pain of doing this, and wish to save you the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:19, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Not sure if the author agree due to copyright by the publisher [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:38, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Sure, except:
::::::::::::::* the raw transcript is a literal copy of a public domain text and therefore not subject to copyright
::::::::::::::* as we would match the text to the PD document, this would ensure no copyright was infringed
::::::::::::::In any case, there is no harm in asking (and a lot to gain). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:40, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Also, another copy with more gothic font just in case
:::::::::::::* https://books.google.com/books?id=6XVSN-GYrl0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
:::::::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:47, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I can contact the author, if you prefer - let me know! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:51, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Yes that would be great [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Again, thank you for your support and assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:12, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I noticed that you left a &lt;!--chck--&gt; tag on pages [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/23|23]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/24|24]]. I reviewed those sections against another source on page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] and corrected some error. However, I'm unsure how to proceed with the other comment in the text and would appreciate your guidance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:59, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks; the main issue now is all the medieval style references, which need to be comprehensible for a modern reader. This will take some research and checking but it is not necessarily for you to do. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:06, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Excellent. When you have a moment, kindly take a look at page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] &lt;br&gt;[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I successfully removed hidden characters (such as hidden hyphens) from the text resulting from OCR processing. 
:::::::::I will now begin working on the second copy of the book &quot;[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]]&quot; 
:::::::::Second time's the charm. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:17, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Where do I do the proofing for ''Congestorium Artificiose Memorie''? Or is that paused? 
:On ''Foenix'', I will work through the various pages marked as ''problematic''. 
:Re page 21 of the second version of ''Foenix'', I don't understand the purpose of me proofing a second copy of this book, could you explain what you are trying to do? 
:I can work on one copy of a book, but I cannot help proofread two versions of the same thing. If it helps you, then you can do what you like of course, but my help has to be limited to one copy of each text. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:54, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::I don't know why some of the pages marked as ''problematic''. So I am trying find out from other copy [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 11:09, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure. I have marked them as problematic because they have contractions that I don't understand, or because the characters are sometimes hard to read - sit and fit look very similar, meaning &quot;it would be&quot; and &quot;it makes&quot;, roughly. I am going through the contractions asking ChatGPT or Claude what it makes of them. This is a task for me, which is easiest done this way. It is probably easiest if you let me reduce these to the very difficult to solve issues. There is one, at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/29|29]], where the contraction e. is unclear. This is his memory aid, but at this point you may need a Latin specialist and a mnemnonics specialist to make an educated guess! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:15, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::That is done now, first pass complete. One query, and maybe some assumptions on the abbreviations relating to the mnemnonics, particulary ''rotunda'' (''.r.'') which might be double checked. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:39, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::You might find ChatGPT or Claude helpful for transcription the '' Congestorium Artificiose Memorie'' [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:12, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi, see my comments at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] - the OCR tools here do a really good job, if you choose the right one. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:16, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:21, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::If this was what you have been doing on the other pages of this book then the results are very poor compared with Tesseract OCR which is nearly spot on [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I can btw give some simple instructions for importing and cleaning up the Tesseract OCR, which would be a lot of help for me to proof the result: Basically:
:::::* Import OCR
:::::* Using an external text tool, search and replace ſ for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}};&lt;/nowiki&gt; remove the line breaks and hyphen character (join the hyphened words together)
:::::*&lt;nowiki&gt; replace qꝫ with {{que}}, ⁊ with {{tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; etc
:::::[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:19, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::As above, looking at the prior work you had done, I don't think it is very helpful [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Whatever you did on Foenix was pretty decent, but the results on the second book are borderline nonsense at time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:24, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::It might just surprise you [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:26, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I just tried for [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|page 56]], which [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|I did withTesseract]] 
:::::::::I got this:
:::::::::&lt;blockquote&gt;
:::::::::simit doctois sollicitarione dum adolescentior
:::::::::esset in unum congesti libellum qui inde Lon-
:::::::::gestovium artificiose nemozatioe nomen sorti-
:::::::::tus est. Interposita itaq; per me appellatione
:::::::::cum devolveretur ad S. Apostolicam causā
:::::::::Jacobi hochstrassen inquisitoria contra *Spe-
:::::::::culum ocularezibq; inter cardinei cœtus vi-
:::::::::ros pecularius committeretur / veluti iuriscon-
:::::::::sultissimis: &amp; quod præcipuum erat: quia inter
:::::::::Theologicum agmen facile primatum tribit ve-
:::::::::dicasset vir alter eque acu (absq; iniuria di-
:::::::::cetur) quid nam fideri archodoceæ consentane
:::::::::um: quidue dissimum internoscere. Cumq;
:::::::::ille reverendissimus pater &amp; procurator age-
:::::::::ret apud Episcopum Spirē. factus apud
:::::::::Reuerendiff. Domi. tuam sollicitator con-
:::::::::sumptis aliquoties vigiliis abs te institit:
:::::::::dum indices vel rectius horarum edes tuas fre-
:::::::::quentares: tuo potissimum erant: quæ longe
:::::::::noscē molestiam nonnulli alleviarent: Impzi-
:::::::::mis quidem locorum arte Symonidis compa-
:::::::::ratio optaram in sum amplo spacioso perspicu-
:::::::::o tuo cum dissertinijs ad rem ipsam necessariijs
:::::::::exornatissimo palatio. Ne modo ut Liceronis
:::::::::est præcepto centum inibi concederentur lo-
:::::::::caverum penetrare que Ioan. M. Ischaelis
:::::::::&amp; Petrus ravennas: atq; alij suadent facillimē
:::::::::illuc coniurare liceret. Si quippe religiosorū
:::::::::domus Theologorum: Iuristarum / &amp; Medicorū
:::::::::/ Philosophorum: id genus hominum maiore
:::::::::nōs ingredi liberet quatenus inibi nobis loca
:::::::::vendicemus a Palatio tuo volefcius nulla ra&lt;/blockquote&gt;
:::::::::Tesseract picks up all of the weird characters, much, much better. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:30, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Here is a [[Usor:JimKillock/Transcribe_test|table showing a comparison for pge 57]]. Tesseract is doing much better and would save us both a lot of time, I am certain. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Hi there, Marta came back to say that she is contractually obliged not to share her transcription. 
::::::::::I played a bit more with the two transcription tools. I am not anti CHatGPT or anything, I use it for various things, but it is doing a lot worse than the scanning tools we have. This second book is a lot more old fashioned and uses a lot more medieval scribal contractions, which ChatGPT is not picking up (along with some other errors). See [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina%3AFoenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_%28Petrus%29_%28IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001%29.pdf%2F54&amp;diff=235384&amp;oldid=234977 this edit for example], where I replaced what you were able to do with ChatGPT with a Tesseract transcription. 
::::::::::If we go with Tesseract, and you can do the initial work, then I can commit to finishing the pages that way. If I have to work from ChatGPT output, without it being substantially cleaned up, I fear that will be too much work as I will just end up re-scanning the pages.  Considering how long this book is as well,  I will probably have to bow out at this point. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:55, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::I see your point, and you’re right. Also, I have a crazy idea — it just might work I need time to test it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 03:51, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KE4xEzFGSU8 [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 04:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That might be a stretch! I am njot sure it is needed, the error rate is not so high. The text we have is very close in style to what is known as a Latin [[:w:en:Incunabula|Incunabulum]]; ie early printed book, and the Tesseract Latin-Incunabula engine is trained on these kinds of books and fonts already.
::::::::::::There is another thing we can automate tho, which is the search and replace. Since a lot of the work is basically finding the characters long-s and son on, and replacing with a template, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}, {{et}}, {{tet}}, {{qui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, and so on, we could get a Wikimedia bot to work through the pages on the book,  and do all the replacements.
::::::::::::That would cut the time significantly, I think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Note that I am working on a bot for this. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::OK, so the folks at Wikisource helped write a js to do this for us. You can find my version of it at [[Usor:JimKillock/scribal.js]]. The first line of [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]] also needs to be included, to summon it. What this does is to clean up the output from the scan on the''' first save of the new page only'''.  This should speed up the process immensely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::okay, have look at page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/52|52]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/53|53]]
:::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it?
:::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? 
:::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:07, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it? - this looks good yes, altho the script would not work of course, as the page was already in existence.
::::::::::::::I corrected some templates which did not exist / were not needed. If in doubt, use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|origchar|result}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::::::::::::::I will vibecode a bash script to do the same job as the js tool, for the existing raw pages
::::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? Yes and yes
::::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; - It is what later became a ' mark - so it just means &quot;something missing follows&quot;. So we use&lt;nowiki&gt; {{Scr| ꝰ|us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:29, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::(we can add an {{us}} template tho, for readability etc - but not all 9's will be us), so IDK if we should transform it automatically) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:30, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::In fact it seems you are right and this is always -us, so I added it into the scripts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:51, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::[https://gist.github.com/JimKillock/853b4b8baf23bac5fd55b5499c1bf93a Here is a bash script] that will replace the characters automatically, not sure if you are familiar with using terminal scripts etc but it is not difficult. If made executable, and named as below, it would run with 
::::::::::::::&lt;code&gt;./wikimedia_transform.sh filename.txt&lt;/code&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
Checking in, if you want to help (and don't want to add transcriptions) you can format and check pages up to page 100. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:57, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:Update, I have {{exp|nearly}} done the first pass. Some of the layouts look quite hard work tho, with text on the sie o upside down. These might need to be images? SVGs? I am not sure. Let me know if you are still working on this, and how you feel able to help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:24, 4 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi there, I have listed the pages that I hope you or your friends can help format at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. Be good to hear from you, and know if you are still interested in finishing this project. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:12, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::I'm really sorry I haven’t been in touch—I was sick over the past few days and needed some time to rest and recover. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:33, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::No problem at all, hope you feel better. Let me know if you ate able to help with the page formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:35, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::Feeling better now—working on fixing the Header [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173|2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173]] 20:44, 7 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::I have create a table for the pages
::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 10:19, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::That's great, good to see progress on these. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:37, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi
::::::Two templates are required for this page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/216|216]] and possibly others.
::::::* &quot;Template:Upside down&quot;
::::::* &quot;Template:Transform-rotate&quot;
::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E]] 23:20, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK, copied across to &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Inversus}} {{Rotatus}}; and also {{Dsiplay}} was needed, at {{Ostensio}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:28, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::{{Inversus|Inversus}}, {{Rotatus|90|Rotatus}} [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:34, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Rotate has something wrong / missing, will investigate later or tomorrow [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:40, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::👍 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791]] 15:57, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::OK, it is working, in fact, but you need sytax like &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; giving &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;. See the documentation at [[Formula:Rotatus]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::you can also just use [[Formula:Littera rotata]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:17, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B|2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B]] 13:24, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Before I start splitting the book into chapters, please take a look at the table of contents I’ve created and share your feedback 
:::::::::::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.150.133|82.167.150.133]] 17:26, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Thanks, my only comment was to use forward slashes. Are you OK with the Wikimarkup around spltting pages, chapters etc? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::not a problem [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 17:37, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Like that [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae/Conclusio|Conclusio]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:14, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Have you thought of a fitting title for the opening section of the book?
:::::::::::::::from page 53 to 61 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:18, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::What do we have? Some poems (Poema) and some dedicatory letters (Epistolae). That would do for now I think? They can always be moved later, we could also check how Marta has done it, altho this is not obvious from the introductory chapters and contents page. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:37, 12 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.15.196|37.106.15.196]] 00:39, 2 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Ars Memorativa ==

Welcome back! I noticed you haven't been working on the [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] lately. It's perfectly fine to pause and take breaks from time to time.

In the meantime, would you be interested in working on another book together?

[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]]
Best Regret [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.2.89|37.106.2.89]] 03:40, 20 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, will take a look at this in a week or so, am busy this month tho. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:22, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 07:00, 27 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::So are you ready? [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.105.235.52|37.105.235.52]] 10:16, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi there, no I have some other things I need to do but will take a look mid September. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:34, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::::I hope you are doing well. 
::::Are you ready now? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:16, 23 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi there I can make a start and help but my time is a bit limited. Which of these is the higher priority? The shorter text might be more realistic. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:43, 26 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|The Ars Memorativa of Gulielmus Leporeus of Avallon]] may be accomplished in a short time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:12, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just apply the same approach you used last time to the entire book, and I’ll go through it to make adjustments. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:19, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK. Will start on this. Something to think about, especially if we go back to the longer text, we could consider doing a &quot;time / skills swap&quot;; for example I have a book here [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]]; and I have a text which is already transcribed which I need to copy paste back. I can provide the text in wiki format, and the page numbers are clearly marked. I could ask you to do the copy paste work in return for the time proof reading pages at [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. we don't have to be exact about the time, but could let erach other know a rough estimate of time given; this would help me feel like I am able to progress my projects while helping you, rather than having to choose not to do my own projects in order to help you. Let me know what you think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:58, 28 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Agreed on &quot;time / skills swap&quot; for both books
::::::::* [[Liber:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] 
::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
::::::::in exchange for transcribing 
::::::::* [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf|Nos in schola latine loquimur Ars latine loquendi]]
::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 03:00, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Ah great! it is just copy pasting; I will create a document with the text that needs moving over shortly. Thank you very much :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:16, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::15 pages everyday maybe by the next month it will be done. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 08:50, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Hi there, the text to copy is here: [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] - please note, use this text, rather than trasnscribing anew, as it is '''already proofed'''. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:55, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::Don’t worry, it’s easy for me to make a new transcription, better than just copying another text.[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 16:49, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Sure, but then I have extra working validating it? The text I have is checked. Unless you have a way to check your work against the copy I have? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:15, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I have completed 15 pages using my current approach. Could you review and validate it to determine if I should proceed further? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::https://www.diffchecker.com/text-compare/ [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 06:02, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Hi there, Ok carry on, you are doing a good job with the formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:48, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::I want to use [[en:Template:Overfloat image|Overfloat image]] template on [[Pagina:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu/7|page number 7]] but I didn't find it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 10:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Sure I can copy this across. I will take a look at the page and what you need to achieve. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:49, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::That's now available using &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Imago superposita}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. I haven't tested it, and please remember that text renders differently according to user preferences, so this will be very inexact. In the case of this title page, using Alt text could be a perfectly acceptable or preferable way of showing the page text and illutration. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Done.
::::::::::[[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:11, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::another [[en:Template:Scan page link]] is needed [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:15, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Added [[Formula:Nexus ad facsimile]]; but it might break, there are a lot of sub templates by the look of it. If you try it somewhere I can debug it and add whatever else is missing. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:05, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::I would like to include it in the table of contents to make it easier for me to review and jump to any chapter.
::::::::::::[[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/9|Table of Contents]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:10, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Can you set this up where you want it to work, eg put the transcription pages with the ToC on Liber page to list the contents, or make a book page with the ToC displayed on the page, so we can see if it works? The '''template applies differently to all three different spaces''', transcription page; Liber (transcription project) page; and mainspace (book), so we can only test it if it is displayed in all three contexts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:43, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I didn't understand what do you want me to do [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 11:47, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::The template is designed to work on content transcluded on Index (Liber) pages (see [[en:Template:Scan_page_link]]. I'm assuming you want to use the contents page on the Liber / Index page. It behaves differently when transcluded on the normal book pages. So you should set up the contents page transclusion on [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] and also at [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] so we can test it is all working (or not). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:49, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::I added it but it does not seem to be working; can you check and confirm? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:40, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::::Yes it does not work [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 23:24, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;s&gt;Two&lt;/s&gt; One formula&lt;s&gt;e&lt;/s&gt; to fix? ==

Noticed your talk page is listed in [[:Categoria:Formulae]]. Searched through the templates used on the talk page and found two with misplaced references to the category:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; 

Oh, wait, [[Formula:Exp]] is a redirect, and not a problem.

Could you fix up [[:Formula:Textus expunctus]] to put the category inside the noinclude
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
and then check your talk page disappears from [[:Categoria:Formulae]] ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:I think that is done, thank you! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:39, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Transcription request: Ars_Memorativa, Josephus Publicius ==

If it’s not too much trouble, could you please take some time to transcribe this book? You don’t need to make an exact transcription — just enough to get things started so that table of contents, images and decorative drop caps can be added.
I understand this is quite a big request, and I truly appreciate your patience, effort, and willingness to help make the content more accessible and visually.
*[[Liber:Ars_Oratoria._Ars_Epistolandi._Ars_Memorativa._(Publicio).djvu]]
[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 22:57, 14 Octobris 2025 (UTC
:I am only interested in the Ars Memorativa section ([[Pagina:Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa. (Publicio).djvu/111|page 111]] onward), in order to maintain a clear and focused scope. The remainder of the book may be considered at a later stage, if time permits. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:37, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi, can we keep topics to topic? You can request this with a new topic on my user page or on the discussion page for the book. Otherwise it gets really hard to keep track of what we are discussing and where to find things. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:27, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:The long and short of it is that it depends if you can help me in return. Some point I may find this a bit much, but for now it is OK and I do have other tasks that you could do in return in a skills - a time swap, even after you finish the Nos in Schola Latine Loquimur textbook. 
:I ran a couple of test pages of your new text through the OCR tool and they seem to have gone quite well.
:I am less keen on only doing part of the text though. I don't like leaving projects half done, but also I think the work itself is likely to work as a unit from a little reading around.
:I think we should complete the current [[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] book first though before considering taking on another one. 
:At the moment with the current book it takes me about 30-40 mins per page to correct the scan and check my work for errors via ChatGPT.  I have time this week so I might clear up the text by the end of the week. So that would be about 30 hours work for the current text, hopefully by the end of the week,  how is it going on your side? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:50, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::So far, the first part—copying and pasting the text into the corresponding pages—has been completed, which fulfills my part of our time and skills exchange. In addition, I’ve developed a script that automatically generates a table of contents for each chapter. And because I don’t like leaving projects unfinished, I’m now working on validating each page, which is the final step to complete the project.
::I’d also like to take this opportunity to thank you for the excellent job you did transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]—it really made the process much smoother and the content far more readable.
::For the next book, ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''., could you please use the script to extract the entire text for the whole book, just like you did before with ''Nos in schola Latine loquimur''? I’ll take care of copying and pasting the extracted text into the corresponding pages afterward. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:22, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Thank you. Because this will be a long project I think we should be clear and accountable with each other, so that the exchange is a fair one. What I am asking is whether you have spent or will have spent about 30 hours on the school book. The easiest way to estimate this is to estimate how long page scanning / and page validation takes for you per page.
:::If your work on the book takes longer than 30 hours, that is fine, and I will match it on the next transcription project. Once done, you can help me with another simple transcription job.
:::For me, it was taking about an hour per page but this has reduced to about 30-40 minutes. So I've estimated I've given you about 30 hours (it's probably more but don't worry about that)
:::On ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa,'' you could do the page extraction yourself, you don't need me to do this. You would however need to set up the scripts in your user page, and remember to choose the correct OCR model, but that is all. I can give you instructions on this if you like.
:::Otherwise I will get to this after I've done with the current book. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::I’m not completely sure, but it seems to be over 30 hours.
::::On 3 October 2025, I worked on transcribing pages from [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/190|176]] to [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/329|315]] between 01:26 and 23:14, which took roughly 11 hours including some breaks. You can verify this in the page history.
::::Now I’ll take my time to carefully validate the text on each page — hopefully one chapter per day.
::::It’s no big deal — I’m glad to help! And if there’s another simple transcription task similar to the previous one, I’d be happy to assist. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:55, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Once again, thank you for your kind assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 11:00, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks very much, that is good to hear! I'll wait until we are done with Nos In Schola before suggesting anything else. Do you want me to set up scripts in your user space so you can start work on ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''? Once they are added, you can just use the inbuilt OCR tools, and they will save with my templates for the scribal shorthand. Even tho you have a temporary account, this should all work. I can also give you screenshots and a guide so you can do the scanning. Let me know. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:21, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Many thanks for transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]. With the help of AI translation, I’m finally able to dive into its insights and discover the wisdom hidden within its pages.
::::::I’m still moving forward with my [[Liber:Nos_in_schola_latine_loquimur_-_Ars_latine_loquendi.pdf|current task]], though a bit slowly—about one chapter each day—as I also continue transcribing another [[Liber:Opera Latine Conscripta, Volume 2 (Bruno).djvu|memory book]]. It’s so much easier working with the printed text than trying to make sense of the handwritten one!
::::::By the way, your skill in reading and transcribing handwritten manuscripts is truly impressive. That’s such a rare talent, and it really brings these old works back to life. 
::::::You should definitely keep focusing on that—it’s a gift that few people have! [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|&amp;#126;2025-30550-29]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|talk]]) 00:27, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thanks, I hope you don't mind me saying that I can tell when AI has helped you with your messages! They are a bit too fulsome in their praise, which is one of the dangers of these tools, they mislead you about the strength of your own talents.
:::::::I noticed you'd found a new memory book to transcribe. I can certainly take a look at this when you are done. As you say working with more modern printing is much easier. Even  seventeenth and eighteenth century books are easier than the fifteenth / early sixteenth century texts you have been interested in.
:::::::I will keep going with the Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa, but need to try some other things meantime just to take a bit of a break. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:26, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)

== Ecclesiastical Latin  ==

Hello.  I've been taking a break.  I was just looking at the formulae you were working on for letters.  Still struggling with them a bit, but I will persevere.  

I was wondering if you had given any consideration to a way to display accents in &quot;Church Latin.&quot;  These are the acute marks showing where to place the accent when reading aloud, and are present in missals and many prayer books.  

á é í ó ú ǽ æ Æ Ǽ Œ œ and of course the Versicle and Response glyphs, ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .

Here is an example page:  [[:Pagina:Missale_Romanum_1862.djvu/301]]    

In a missal page like the above, some of the text, specifically the rubrics (instructions), do not include the accents, only the text meant to be spoken.  

These glyphs (and their display) is I think different from the abbreviations in incunabula and early printed works.  I think it will be a while before I am comfortable displaying the abbreviations (instead of their expanded transcriptions) to read, but the accents are helpful when reading, even when not reading aloud.  

I have spent some time recently hunting for fonts that include all these glyphs.  

It will be important to be able to specify such fonts that include all the relevant glyphs in displaying them on WS or when downloading them in an epub;  do you know if that sort of thing is doable here?  (I think a lot of it is a browser problem.)  

Should we move or copy these discussions to someplace more publicly visible?  I would suggest the Category you created, unless that is supposed to be limited to discussions about the Category itself.  Or anywhere else suitable.  

Did you ever find the unicodes for ℣ and ℟ ?  Would the results of my research into these various glyphs and the fonts that display them be useful to you? [[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Laura1822|disputatio]]) 20:56, 23 Octobris 2025 (UTC)  

:Hi @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]]
:There is a lot here! And yes we can find a better place to discuss this.
:(1) Church accents: these you want to preferve in the mainspace (not transcription) pages that people see, so just use the characters as-is. ie á é í ó ú. Then ǽ poses a bit of a problem. You could either  leave æ  in place on mainspace pages for consistency, or just accent ǽ. These accents as you know are to indicate stress, so are as you say an aid to speaking, which explains their absence in the small print. Likewise, with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ you should leave these in place.
:I can see that this poses a problem for some users tho, who might not have fonts containing ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .
:(2) Fonts: the idea with the templates is that users never see the abbreviations unless they want to. So for most people, they will not see them. Compare [[Pagina:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu/8]] (transcription page) with [[Ars_Memorativa_Gulielmi_Leporei_Avallonensis/Gulielmus_Leporeus_Domino_Gulielmo_Iornoer]] (mainspace). users will look at the second of these, normally at least. These aren't set up yet for [[Arra aeternae salutis]] or [[Missale Romanum (1496)]]. Let me know if you'd like help with that so you can see better how this is working for your transcriptions.
:I have developed a means to toggle the abbreviations in the mainspace.
:(3) Installation of fonts on Wikisource / ebooks: this ought to be doable, it's there for blackletter scripts I think. It's more relevant if the characters are visible in mainspace. Transcriptions (Liber / Pagina) don't matter so much to users. But of course for your Missal with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠, these are needed. Interesting that these were preserved!
:(4) We can use the category for discussions for now; some point I should write up the whole system especially if you or others are using it. I know the documentation for the templates has slipped a bit. Regarding ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ in the Missal, the best place to have this discussion is at [[Vicifons:Scriptorium]]; I will open something up there for you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:33, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

p.s.  ''Thank you'' for the several pages you edited of ''Arra Aeternis''!!
:No problem! Happy to help some more if it's useful! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:35, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== ꝓ is always pro, never prae or pre ==

I have already checked and corrected the instances were [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ|rae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; were used instead of [[Formula:pro|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]]. I also updated the [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; template]].

I suggest you update your [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|javascript]] so to not commit this mistake. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 17:36, 5 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks very much, will amend! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:03, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== Last year's &lt;s&gt;sins&lt;/s&gt; typoes ==

(Btw: Congratulations!)

Last year you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82]] and 
[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=236403 introduced] {{tlx|-|ost}} into the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas

Separately you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198]] and [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=236544 added] {{tlx|-|itu}} near the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.

It seems that someone then copied you and made a similar change to [[Pagina:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae (Romberch de Kyrspe).djvu/13]] 
::&lt;nowiki&gt;opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis:&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis

The formula/template {{tlx|-}} is a redirect to {{tlx|clear}}. The effect of these uses of {{tlx|clear}} is as though someone had put a linebreak &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the text. The first example above produces
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear:ost;&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Can you look at these three instances (which are the only ones found using a search for insource:/[{][{]-[|]/ ) and try and figure out what was intended? That is, what formula/template was meant to be used?

'''Oh!''', was it supposed to be {{tlx|~}} ?
::&lt;nowiki&gt;n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a

Ahh, fixed the linebreak thing in all three pages and then two books they showed up in:
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Secundus/Capitulum_1]]
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Quartus/Capitulum_1]]

Can you explain...
:are you trying to make the pagina: view look as close to the page image as possible,
:but then trying to have the final text view have all the abbreviations expanded?
[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], yes: the idea is this:
:* to preserve the original marking so these are available to users, scholars etc; 
:* to provide templates for the character switches that are fairly readable when transcribing; 
:* to enable the user to OCR the original scribal conventions and automatically replace them with these templates;
:* to ensure a modern reader can get something closer to modern orthography
:* to allow a modern reader to be able to choose between these two views using javascript
:The procedures for easing scanning, adding the templates and installing toggling views etc can now be found on the category page at present. See [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:39, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::So reviewing that list something popped out for {{tl|c̃}} - it was showing up in the second column as &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;. I [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:C%CC%83&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=270942 fixed] the extra '&gt;'. But it still shows up as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
::{{tl|c̃}} is only used once, in page [[Pagina:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu/9]], as 
:::&lt;nowiki&gt;cu{{c̃|nc}}tum&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Notice the supplied parameter.
::Comparing {{tl|Õ}} with {{tl|c̃}} I see the former has code for checking whether a parameter has been supplied, whereas the latter _requires_ a parameter.
:::{{tl|Õ}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|õ|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::{{tl|c̃}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|c̃|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Different again, {{tl|m̃}} has another way of allowing a default:
:::{{tl|m̃}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|m̃|{{{1|em}}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Anyway, as is, without a parameter given in the [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] list, {{tl|c̃}} shows up badly.
::Is there no good default for {{tl|c̃}} ?
::Also, when it says 'usor' in the third column, what does that mean?
::[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:11, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::While checking those other formulas, I found something weird. Trying to use &lt;code&gt;data-original-form=&quot;&quot;&lt;/code&gt; everywhere is causing problems. These formulas are combining badly.
::Check this page [[Pagina:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu/11]] and where it is included [[Ars_Memorativa_Gulielmi_Leporei_Avallonensis/Liber_I/Caput_Primum]]. Search for &quot;class=&quot;. HTML has bled out onto the view.
::Experimenting, it seems to be when the first parameter to {{tl|scr}} has text containing one of these formulae, like {{tl|s}}.
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ|Philosopho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ|Philosopho}}
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ|Philo{{s}}opho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ|Philo{{s}}opho}}
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ{{s}}|Philosopho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ{{s}}|Philosopho}}
::The use of &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;data-original-form=&quot;{{{1}}}&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; in {{tl|scr}} is receiving the generated HTML within the &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;{{{1}}}&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::I have no clue what to do about this. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>bn9b1ddqswky85lvtudwqj95eqp7ulq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270945</id>
      <parentid>270944</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T21:30:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shenme</username>
        <id>17647</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Last year's sins typoes */ space between two different replies</comment>
      <origin>270945</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64500" sha1="6kpuxw7nlkn3my0mctmdxio3yo228x9" xml:space="preserve">== Salve! ==

{{Salve}}[[Usor:Zyephyrus|Zyephyrus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Zyephyrus|disputatio]]) 14:24, 16 Augusti 2019 (UTC)

== span ==

please wait to add &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;ws-cover&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the pages; I will add a parameter for that in the revised [[Formula:Titulus]]. just give me some time till monday :) --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 07:57, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
:Sure :) was just seeing if it works on other exports – I will remove once I've exported one or two. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:58, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
::ok, it was just to be sure :). the template will have a parameter ''Frons='' to specify the (eventual) cover page, like [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=De_antiquissima_Italorum_sapientia&amp;type=revision&amp;diff=126321&amp;oldid=126320 this] (seems to work). now, we have to understand why the export fails with pdf, and how/if we can center the resulting image... --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 08:26, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)

== [[:meta:Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement|Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement]] ==

hi, I just wanted to inform you that at the link above on Meta they are looking for comments or feedbacks about the export of Wikisource contents as ebooks; since you seemed interested in the matter, feel free to join the conversation there if you want :) have a nice day, --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 11:57, 28 Maii 2020 (UTC)
:Thanks! Will take a look. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:30, 17 Iunii 2020 (UTC)

== Colloquia Erasmi ==
Salve! Optime fecisti quod transcriptionem Colloquiorum aggressus es, quo in opere libenter te adjuvabo. Qui in Vicifonte tiro sim, dubius sum: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Disputatio_Libri:Erasmi_Colloquia_Familiaria_Et_Encomium_Moriae.djvu Etiam nescio quam ob rem efficere non possum ut alter dialogus in propria pagina appareat: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Colloquia_familiaria/Epithalamium_Petri_Aegidii --[[Usor:Quasus|Quasus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Quasus|disputatio]]) 19:10, 16 Septembris 2020 (UTC)
:{{at||Quasus}} Salve Quaese! Et multas gratias! Corrigo hoc paginam, et addere aliquae notae formatae. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]])

== We sent you an e-mail ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}},

Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled &quot;The Community Insights survey is coming!&quot;. If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. 

You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]].

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 18:52, 25 Septembris 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Samuel (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Samuel_(WMF)/Community_Insights_survey/other-languages&amp;oldid=20479295 --&gt;

==De italico==

Typographi me docebant numquam voces Graecas scriptura italica (''sic'') designare; nam scriptura Graeca usitata ipsa per se italica est. In libro, quem transcribimus, verba Graeca non italico designata sunt, — ipsa scriptura italica est. Sed si putas sic recte esse, cum continuero, designabo Graeca italico. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:03, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Demetrius Talpa}} Puto tu recte dicis; formae litterae in libro sunt quasi-italicae, sed nescio quomodo litterae graeciae sint. Non est magni momenti! Possumus eligere formam te putare recte esse. Et multas gratias! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:08, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)

== Ora Maritima: English or Latin? ==

I've added Sonnenschein's ''[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Ora_Maritima.djvu Ora Maritima]'' to Wikisource. I accidentally added it to the English namespace. I'm not sure I was wrong, though. ''Ora Maritima'' has a lot of exercises and so on that are written in English. So I'm not sure whether to view it as a Latin book with English bits or an English book about Latin. What do you think? I'd like to get this resolved before I start editing the pages, because I think migrating it across namespaces will be a pain if there are a lot of pages to move. [[Usor:Persimmon and Hazelnut|Persimmon and Hazelnut]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Persimmon and Hazelnut|disputatio]]) 15:30, 7 Octobris 2021 (UTC)
:Hi {{ping|Persimmon and Hazelnut}} I think the case is arguable either way; things are a bit more relaxed here but there are more users at en.ws; maybe ask on their forum before pressing ahead? Either way I will try to give you a bit of help with it. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:36, 9 Octobris 2021 (UTC)

== Suggestion ==

Hello! How are you?

My name is Erick, I'm from Brazil, and I have added this [[:oldwikisource:Reproduction fac-similé d'un dessin (Bartholomeu Lourenço de Gusmão)/Delineatio machinæ artificiosæ|work]] by [[Scriptor:Bartholomæus de Gusmão|Bartolomeu de Gusmão]] at the Multilingual Wikisource, since it is pretty much a French-Latin bilingual book. You might find it interesting and, if possible, I would like to know if the writing &quot;Bartholomæus de Gusmão&quot; (at the &quot;Scriptor&quot; page) is correct. He was a quite fascinating character and also mastered the Latin-language (I have tried to find more Latin-language versions of his works online, but to no avail). I've found the Latin-language quite interesting, and I hope to learn it enough for reading and writing some day (but grammar lessons don't really work with me) to edit here and in the Latin Wiki. Cheers! [[Usor:Erick Soares3|Erick Soares3]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erick Soares3|disputatio]]) 00:11, 16 Novembris 2024 (UTC)

== Epistulae ==

Hi, I'm asking for help/ideas here. Sorry for not writing in Latin, but creating original Latin texts is a bit out of my league. I got a book with scans and transcriptions of letters between Johann Scopoli and Carl Linnae, two famous biologists. I've started transcribing these letters (only those of Scopoli, so far) at [[Epistulae ad Carolum Linnaeum (Ioannes Antonius Scopoli)]]. I am wondering, since there is a lot of letters if there's a better way to organise them (I still have to do ie. text placement on the already transcribed ones). I was thinking to maybe make a disambiguation type page which would contain a list of all letters? Or would standalone pages be more appropriate? Anyhow, thanks for your response! Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 21:00, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, yes usually an index page with links to the letters would make sense. See [[Epistulae (Marcus Tullius Cicero)]] for example. Is the source in the public domain or only the contents of the letters btw? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:13, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::Even though the book isn’t old, I believe they are public domain. Scans do not renew copyright in Slovenia and a known author died before 1945, so they should be in public domain (book was made in Slovenia, hence Slovene copyright laws apply). Translations are likely copyrightable, as is the introduction. Don’t worry, I’m not uploading these, just letters :) If anything is wrong, please let me know. Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 09:42, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure, I was just wondering whether there was a reason for not uploading the source document. If this is included and linked, this helps with provenance, double proof reading and long term error correction. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:41, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::I believe I could upload scanned scans of letters, but once in the future since I'm a bit occupied with other more important things onwiki. Thanks for your help! Stay safe, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 13:45, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I uploaded the first letter at [[:File:Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760).pdf]], but I have a little problem when referencing it at [[Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760)]] (throws an error that the index page wasn't created yet, which is expected). Since not the whole book is in Latin nor is in public domain, is there a way to connect both the Wikisource page with the scanned PDF? Thanks a lot, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi there, yes this all very non-obvious. I have linked the transcription; you use &quot;Liber:filename&quot;; and then add at least &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the fields. Pagelist has lots of options, so you can exclude pages and number them in specific ways.
::::::Then, on the compiled public pages, you need to reference the pages you want from the ''Liber'' you want. You can probably use multiple ''Liberi'', or else you can add pages to your PDF by adding new versions to WP Commons on the same file page (ie, '''replace''' the file, rather than create new copies with new file names). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:03, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I see you have done most of this at [[:Liber:Scopoli-1777 Introductio ad historiam naturalem.pdf]], except for setting up a public / compiled version. usually the transcription is not viewed as the &quot;final&quot; product; the pages are set up as just HTML, eg ''[[De Principe]]'' which compiles the transcription made at [[:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf]]; this allows export and easier reading, etc. Hope that helps! Also pages of a finished book need to sit underneath the main book page, so that export to epub PDF etc works correctly. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:15, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Many thanks for your response! [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 07:20, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)

== [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]] ==

Thank you so much for your interest and assistance. With the help of Google Translate and other ai tool, the text now makes sense. 

I hope you're not too busy and we can manage to finish it within a month or two.

Best regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:36, 19 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, no problem and sure, the timescale depends really how much prep you can do on the pages before I proof them. The more coherent they are, the easier it is for me to tidy them up. I appreciate tho it might be a lot of work for you to get to the standard you had for the first couple of pages. Let me know how you want to approach it; I do have other things on (eg, [[De Principe]], but if the pages are fairly tidy, doing two or three of pages a day on average is quite possible. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:27, 20 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Hi,
::Here a another copy of the book Foenix
::* https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00001198-001/page/n11/mode/1up
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:43, 22 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::It's slow going, but we're making progress. Have a look when you get a chance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:50, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Will do, can you take a look at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/30|page 30]] again when you have a chance? The second part got forgot :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:52, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I am cross referencing the text using the other copies as guide. So it will take a while.
::::# [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Phoenix (Petrus Ravennas, 1600).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 07:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::by the way this is the clearest copy to work on. So I need your help on this page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/20|20]]
:::::[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:03, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Do you want to pause and transfer the work to the new book, rather than work on two copies? It seems a waste of effort to transcribe both, if this version is clearer and easier. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:43, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Well this is done. So go ahead and check transcription and no need to work on the new book
:::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:24, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I am using the other copy to find mistake in the first one [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:39, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::OK, no problem, I will leave to you and work on the long edition. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:46, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Do you know the copy below contains two book in one ([[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]). 
:::::::::So, I am trying to finish ([[Foenix]]) first.
:::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:08, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::I spotted you have split these up. The second on looks a lot more troublesome, with the gothic font. Is it all set like that? And if so, is there another, easier copy to work off? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:10, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::There is another copy for (Congestorium Artificiose Memorie)
:::::::::::[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That looks about the same, in terms of typsetting, unless I have missed something. 
::::::::::::There is also a critical edition recently published, access to which would help. See [https://editorialsinderesis.com/wp-content/uploads/texto-the-congestorium-artificiose-memorie-.pdf this sample of the book]. You could [https://www.ujaen.es/departamentos/lycm/contactos/ramos-grane-marta contact the author via this page] and ask if they would be prepared to share their raw transcription? They might appreciate the interest and share the pain of doing this, and wish to save you the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:19, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Not sure if the author agree due to copyright by the publisher [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:38, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Sure, except:
::::::::::::::* the raw transcript is a literal copy of a public domain text and therefore not subject to copyright
::::::::::::::* as we would match the text to the PD document, this would ensure no copyright was infringed
::::::::::::::In any case, there is no harm in asking (and a lot to gain). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:40, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Also, another copy with more gothic font just in case
:::::::::::::* https://books.google.com/books?id=6XVSN-GYrl0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
:::::::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:47, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I can contact the author, if you prefer - let me know! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:51, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Yes that would be great [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Again, thank you for your support and assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:12, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I noticed that you left a &lt;!--chck--&gt; tag on pages [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/23|23]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/24|24]]. I reviewed those sections against another source on page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] and corrected some error. However, I'm unsure how to proceed with the other comment in the text and would appreciate your guidance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:59, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks; the main issue now is all the medieval style references, which need to be comprehensible for a modern reader. This will take some research and checking but it is not necessarily for you to do. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:06, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Excellent. When you have a moment, kindly take a look at page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] &lt;br&gt;[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I successfully removed hidden characters (such as hidden hyphens) from the text resulting from OCR processing. 
:::::::::I will now begin working on the second copy of the book &quot;[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]]&quot; 
:::::::::Second time's the charm. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:17, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Where do I do the proofing for ''Congestorium Artificiose Memorie''? Or is that paused? 
:On ''Foenix'', I will work through the various pages marked as ''problematic''. 
:Re page 21 of the second version of ''Foenix'', I don't understand the purpose of me proofing a second copy of this book, could you explain what you are trying to do? 
:I can work on one copy of a book, but I cannot help proofread two versions of the same thing. If it helps you, then you can do what you like of course, but my help has to be limited to one copy of each text. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:54, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::I don't know why some of the pages marked as ''problematic''. So I am trying find out from other copy [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 11:09, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure. I have marked them as problematic because they have contractions that I don't understand, or because the characters are sometimes hard to read - sit and fit look very similar, meaning &quot;it would be&quot; and &quot;it makes&quot;, roughly. I am going through the contractions asking ChatGPT or Claude what it makes of them. This is a task for me, which is easiest done this way. It is probably easiest if you let me reduce these to the very difficult to solve issues. There is one, at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/29|29]], where the contraction e. is unclear. This is his memory aid, but at this point you may need a Latin specialist and a mnemnonics specialist to make an educated guess! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:15, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::That is done now, first pass complete. One query, and maybe some assumptions on the abbreviations relating to the mnemnonics, particulary ''rotunda'' (''.r.'') which might be double checked. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:39, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::You might find ChatGPT or Claude helpful for transcription the '' Congestorium Artificiose Memorie'' [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:12, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi, see my comments at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] - the OCR tools here do a really good job, if you choose the right one. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:16, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:21, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::If this was what you have been doing on the other pages of this book then the results are very poor compared with Tesseract OCR which is nearly spot on [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I can btw give some simple instructions for importing and cleaning up the Tesseract OCR, which would be a lot of help for me to proof the result: Basically:
:::::* Import OCR
:::::* Using an external text tool, search and replace ſ for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}};&lt;/nowiki&gt; remove the line breaks and hyphen character (join the hyphened words together)
:::::*&lt;nowiki&gt; replace qꝫ with {{que}}, ⁊ with {{tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; etc
:::::[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:19, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::As above, looking at the prior work you had done, I don't think it is very helpful [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Whatever you did on Foenix was pretty decent, but the results on the second book are borderline nonsense at time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:24, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::It might just surprise you [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:26, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I just tried for [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|page 56]], which [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|I did withTesseract]] 
:::::::::I got this:
:::::::::&lt;blockquote&gt;
:::::::::simit doctois sollicitarione dum adolescentior
:::::::::esset in unum congesti libellum qui inde Lon-
:::::::::gestovium artificiose nemozatioe nomen sorti-
:::::::::tus est. Interposita itaq; per me appellatione
:::::::::cum devolveretur ad S. Apostolicam causā
:::::::::Jacobi hochstrassen inquisitoria contra *Spe-
:::::::::culum ocularezibq; inter cardinei cœtus vi-
:::::::::ros pecularius committeretur / veluti iuriscon-
:::::::::sultissimis: &amp; quod præcipuum erat: quia inter
:::::::::Theologicum agmen facile primatum tribit ve-
:::::::::dicasset vir alter eque acu (absq; iniuria di-
:::::::::cetur) quid nam fideri archodoceæ consentane
:::::::::um: quidue dissimum internoscere. Cumq;
:::::::::ille reverendissimus pater &amp; procurator age-
:::::::::ret apud Episcopum Spirē. factus apud
:::::::::Reuerendiff. Domi. tuam sollicitator con-
:::::::::sumptis aliquoties vigiliis abs te institit:
:::::::::dum indices vel rectius horarum edes tuas fre-
:::::::::quentares: tuo potissimum erant: quæ longe
:::::::::noscē molestiam nonnulli alleviarent: Impzi-
:::::::::mis quidem locorum arte Symonidis compa-
:::::::::ratio optaram in sum amplo spacioso perspicu-
:::::::::o tuo cum dissertinijs ad rem ipsam necessariijs
:::::::::exornatissimo palatio. Ne modo ut Liceronis
:::::::::est præcepto centum inibi concederentur lo-
:::::::::caverum penetrare que Ioan. M. Ischaelis
:::::::::&amp; Petrus ravennas: atq; alij suadent facillimē
:::::::::illuc coniurare liceret. Si quippe religiosorū
:::::::::domus Theologorum: Iuristarum / &amp; Medicorū
:::::::::/ Philosophorum: id genus hominum maiore
:::::::::nōs ingredi liberet quatenus inibi nobis loca
:::::::::vendicemus a Palatio tuo volefcius nulla ra&lt;/blockquote&gt;
:::::::::Tesseract picks up all of the weird characters, much, much better. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:30, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Here is a [[Usor:JimKillock/Transcribe_test|table showing a comparison for pge 57]]. Tesseract is doing much better and would save us both a lot of time, I am certain. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Hi there, Marta came back to say that she is contractually obliged not to share her transcription. 
::::::::::I played a bit more with the two transcription tools. I am not anti CHatGPT or anything, I use it for various things, but it is doing a lot worse than the scanning tools we have. This second book is a lot more old fashioned and uses a lot more medieval scribal contractions, which ChatGPT is not picking up (along with some other errors). See [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina%3AFoenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_%28Petrus%29_%28IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001%29.pdf%2F54&amp;diff=235384&amp;oldid=234977 this edit for example], where I replaced what you were able to do with ChatGPT with a Tesseract transcription. 
::::::::::If we go with Tesseract, and you can do the initial work, then I can commit to finishing the pages that way. If I have to work from ChatGPT output, without it being substantially cleaned up, I fear that will be too much work as I will just end up re-scanning the pages.  Considering how long this book is as well,  I will probably have to bow out at this point. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:55, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::I see your point, and you’re right. Also, I have a crazy idea — it just might work I need time to test it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 03:51, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KE4xEzFGSU8 [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 04:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That might be a stretch! I am njot sure it is needed, the error rate is not so high. The text we have is very close in style to what is known as a Latin [[:w:en:Incunabula|Incunabulum]]; ie early printed book, and the Tesseract Latin-Incunabula engine is trained on these kinds of books and fonts already.
::::::::::::There is another thing we can automate tho, which is the search and replace. Since a lot of the work is basically finding the characters long-s and son on, and replacing with a template, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}, {{et}}, {{tet}}, {{qui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, and so on, we could get a Wikimedia bot to work through the pages on the book,  and do all the replacements.
::::::::::::That would cut the time significantly, I think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Note that I am working on a bot for this. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::OK, so the folks at Wikisource helped write a js to do this for us. You can find my version of it at [[Usor:JimKillock/scribal.js]]. The first line of [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]] also needs to be included, to summon it. What this does is to clean up the output from the scan on the''' first save of the new page only'''.  This should speed up the process immensely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::okay, have look at page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/52|52]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/53|53]]
:::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it?
:::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? 
:::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:07, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it? - this looks good yes, altho the script would not work of course, as the page was already in existence.
::::::::::::::I corrected some templates which did not exist / were not needed. If in doubt, use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|origchar|result}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::::::::::::::I will vibecode a bash script to do the same job as the js tool, for the existing raw pages
::::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? Yes and yes
::::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; - It is what later became a ' mark - so it just means &quot;something missing follows&quot;. So we use&lt;nowiki&gt; {{Scr| ꝰ|us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:29, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::(we can add an {{us}} template tho, for readability etc - but not all 9's will be us), so IDK if we should transform it automatically) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:30, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::In fact it seems you are right and this is always -us, so I added it into the scripts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:51, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::[https://gist.github.com/JimKillock/853b4b8baf23bac5fd55b5499c1bf93a Here is a bash script] that will replace the characters automatically, not sure if you are familiar with using terminal scripts etc but it is not difficult. If made executable, and named as below, it would run with 
::::::::::::::&lt;code&gt;./wikimedia_transform.sh filename.txt&lt;/code&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
Checking in, if you want to help (and don't want to add transcriptions) you can format and check pages up to page 100. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:57, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:Update, I have {{exp|nearly}} done the first pass. Some of the layouts look quite hard work tho, with text on the sie o upside down. These might need to be images? SVGs? I am not sure. Let me know if you are still working on this, and how you feel able to help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:24, 4 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi there, I have listed the pages that I hope you or your friends can help format at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. Be good to hear from you, and know if you are still interested in finishing this project. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:12, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::I'm really sorry I haven’t been in touch—I was sick over the past few days and needed some time to rest and recover. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:33, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::No problem at all, hope you feel better. Let me know if you ate able to help with the page formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:35, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::Feeling better now—working on fixing the Header [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173|2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173]] 20:44, 7 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::I have create a table for the pages
::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 10:19, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::That's great, good to see progress on these. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:37, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi
::::::Two templates are required for this page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/216|216]] and possibly others.
::::::* &quot;Template:Upside down&quot;
::::::* &quot;Template:Transform-rotate&quot;
::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E]] 23:20, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK, copied across to &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Inversus}} {{Rotatus}}; and also {{Dsiplay}} was needed, at {{Ostensio}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:28, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::{{Inversus|Inversus}}, {{Rotatus|90|Rotatus}} [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:34, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Rotate has something wrong / missing, will investigate later or tomorrow [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:40, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::👍 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791]] 15:57, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::OK, it is working, in fact, but you need sytax like &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; giving &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;. See the documentation at [[Formula:Rotatus]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::you can also just use [[Formula:Littera rotata]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:17, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B|2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B]] 13:24, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Before I start splitting the book into chapters, please take a look at the table of contents I’ve created and share your feedback 
:::::::::::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.150.133|82.167.150.133]] 17:26, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Thanks, my only comment was to use forward slashes. Are you OK with the Wikimarkup around spltting pages, chapters etc? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::not a problem [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 17:37, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Like that [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae/Conclusio|Conclusio]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:14, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Have you thought of a fitting title for the opening section of the book?
:::::::::::::::from page 53 to 61 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:18, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::What do we have? Some poems (Poema) and some dedicatory letters (Epistolae). That would do for now I think? They can always be moved later, we could also check how Marta has done it, altho this is not obvious from the introductory chapters and contents page. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:37, 12 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.15.196|37.106.15.196]] 00:39, 2 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Ars Memorativa ==

Welcome back! I noticed you haven't been working on the [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] lately. It's perfectly fine to pause and take breaks from time to time.

In the meantime, would you be interested in working on another book together?

[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]]
Best Regret [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.2.89|37.106.2.89]] 03:40, 20 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, will take a look at this in a week or so, am busy this month tho. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:22, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 07:00, 27 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::So are you ready? [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.105.235.52|37.105.235.52]] 10:16, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi there, no I have some other things I need to do but will take a look mid September. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:34, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::::I hope you are doing well. 
::::Are you ready now? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:16, 23 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi there I can make a start and help but my time is a bit limited. Which of these is the higher priority? The shorter text might be more realistic. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:43, 26 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|The Ars Memorativa of Gulielmus Leporeus of Avallon]] may be accomplished in a short time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:12, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just apply the same approach you used last time to the entire book, and I’ll go through it to make adjustments. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:19, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK. Will start on this. Something to think about, especially if we go back to the longer text, we could consider doing a &quot;time / skills swap&quot;; for example I have a book here [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]]; and I have a text which is already transcribed which I need to copy paste back. I can provide the text in wiki format, and the page numbers are clearly marked. I could ask you to do the copy paste work in return for the time proof reading pages at [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. we don't have to be exact about the time, but could let erach other know a rough estimate of time given; this would help me feel like I am able to progress my projects while helping you, rather than having to choose not to do my own projects in order to help you. Let me know what you think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:58, 28 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Agreed on &quot;time / skills swap&quot; for both books
::::::::* [[Liber:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] 
::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
::::::::in exchange for transcribing 
::::::::* [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf|Nos in schola latine loquimur Ars latine loquendi]]
::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 03:00, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Ah great! it is just copy pasting; I will create a document with the text that needs moving over shortly. Thank you very much :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:16, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::15 pages everyday maybe by the next month it will be done. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 08:50, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Hi there, the text to copy is here: [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] - please note, use this text, rather than trasnscribing anew, as it is '''already proofed'''. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:55, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::Don’t worry, it’s easy for me to make a new transcription, better than just copying another text.[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 16:49, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Sure, but then I have extra working validating it? The text I have is checked. Unless you have a way to check your work against the copy I have? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:15, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I have completed 15 pages using my current approach. Could you review and validate it to determine if I should proceed further? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::https://www.diffchecker.com/text-compare/ [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 06:02, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Hi there, Ok carry on, you are doing a good job with the formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:48, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::I want to use [[en:Template:Overfloat image|Overfloat image]] template on [[Pagina:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu/7|page number 7]] but I didn't find it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 10:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Sure I can copy this across. I will take a look at the page and what you need to achieve. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:49, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::That's now available using &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Imago superposita}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. I haven't tested it, and please remember that text renders differently according to user preferences, so this will be very inexact. In the case of this title page, using Alt text could be a perfectly acceptable or preferable way of showing the page text and illutration. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Done.
::::::::::[[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:11, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::another [[en:Template:Scan page link]] is needed [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:15, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Added [[Formula:Nexus ad facsimile]]; but it might break, there are a lot of sub templates by the look of it. If you try it somewhere I can debug it and add whatever else is missing. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:05, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::I would like to include it in the table of contents to make it easier for me to review and jump to any chapter.
::::::::::::[[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/9|Table of Contents]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:10, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Can you set this up where you want it to work, eg put the transcription pages with the ToC on Liber page to list the contents, or make a book page with the ToC displayed on the page, so we can see if it works? The '''template applies differently to all three different spaces''', transcription page; Liber (transcription project) page; and mainspace (book), so we can only test it if it is displayed in all three contexts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:43, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I didn't understand what do you want me to do [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 11:47, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::The template is designed to work on content transcluded on Index (Liber) pages (see [[en:Template:Scan_page_link]]. I'm assuming you want to use the contents page on the Liber / Index page. It behaves differently when transcluded on the normal book pages. So you should set up the contents page transclusion on [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] and also at [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] so we can test it is all working (or not). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:49, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::I added it but it does not seem to be working; can you check and confirm? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:40, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::::Yes it does not work [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 23:24, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;s&gt;Two&lt;/s&gt; One formula&lt;s&gt;e&lt;/s&gt; to fix? ==

Noticed your talk page is listed in [[:Categoria:Formulae]]. Searched through the templates used on the talk page and found two with misplaced references to the category:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; 

Oh, wait, [[Formula:Exp]] is a redirect, and not a problem.

Could you fix up [[:Formula:Textus expunctus]] to put the category inside the noinclude
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
and then check your talk page disappears from [[:Categoria:Formulae]] ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:I think that is done, thank you! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:39, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Transcription request: Ars_Memorativa, Josephus Publicius ==

If it’s not too much trouble, could you please take some time to transcribe this book? You don’t need to make an exact transcription — just enough to get things started so that table of contents, images and decorative drop caps can be added.
I understand this is quite a big request, and I truly appreciate your patience, effort, and willingness to help make the content more accessible and visually.
*[[Liber:Ars_Oratoria._Ars_Epistolandi._Ars_Memorativa._(Publicio).djvu]]
[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 22:57, 14 Octobris 2025 (UTC
:I am only interested in the Ars Memorativa section ([[Pagina:Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa. (Publicio).djvu/111|page 111]] onward), in order to maintain a clear and focused scope. The remainder of the book may be considered at a later stage, if time permits. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:37, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi, can we keep topics to topic? You can request this with a new topic on my user page or on the discussion page for the book. Otherwise it gets really hard to keep track of what we are discussing and where to find things. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:27, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:The long and short of it is that it depends if you can help me in return. Some point I may find this a bit much, but for now it is OK and I do have other tasks that you could do in return in a skills - a time swap, even after you finish the Nos in Schola Latine Loquimur textbook. 
:I ran a couple of test pages of your new text through the OCR tool and they seem to have gone quite well.
:I am less keen on only doing part of the text though. I don't like leaving projects half done, but also I think the work itself is likely to work as a unit from a little reading around.
:I think we should complete the current [[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] book first though before considering taking on another one. 
:At the moment with the current book it takes me about 30-40 mins per page to correct the scan and check my work for errors via ChatGPT.  I have time this week so I might clear up the text by the end of the week. So that would be about 30 hours work for the current text, hopefully by the end of the week,  how is it going on your side? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:50, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::So far, the first part—copying and pasting the text into the corresponding pages—has been completed, which fulfills my part of our time and skills exchange. In addition, I’ve developed a script that automatically generates a table of contents for each chapter. And because I don’t like leaving projects unfinished, I’m now working on validating each page, which is the final step to complete the project.
::I’d also like to take this opportunity to thank you for the excellent job you did transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]—it really made the process much smoother and the content far more readable.
::For the next book, ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''., could you please use the script to extract the entire text for the whole book, just like you did before with ''Nos in schola Latine loquimur''? I’ll take care of copying and pasting the extracted text into the corresponding pages afterward. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:22, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Thank you. Because this will be a long project I think we should be clear and accountable with each other, so that the exchange is a fair one. What I am asking is whether you have spent or will have spent about 30 hours on the school book. The easiest way to estimate this is to estimate how long page scanning / and page validation takes for you per page.
:::If your work on the book takes longer than 30 hours, that is fine, and I will match it on the next transcription project. Once done, you can help me with another simple transcription job.
:::For me, it was taking about an hour per page but this has reduced to about 30-40 minutes. So I've estimated I've given you about 30 hours (it's probably more but don't worry about that)
:::On ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa,'' you could do the page extraction yourself, you don't need me to do this. You would however need to set up the scripts in your user page, and remember to choose the correct OCR model, but that is all. I can give you instructions on this if you like.
:::Otherwise I will get to this after I've done with the current book. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::I’m not completely sure, but it seems to be over 30 hours.
::::On 3 October 2025, I worked on transcribing pages from [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/190|176]] to [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/329|315]] between 01:26 and 23:14, which took roughly 11 hours including some breaks. You can verify this in the page history.
::::Now I’ll take my time to carefully validate the text on each page — hopefully one chapter per day.
::::It’s no big deal — I’m glad to help! And if there’s another simple transcription task similar to the previous one, I’d be happy to assist. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:55, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Once again, thank you for your kind assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 11:00, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks very much, that is good to hear! I'll wait until we are done with Nos In Schola before suggesting anything else. Do you want me to set up scripts in your user space so you can start work on ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''? Once they are added, you can just use the inbuilt OCR tools, and they will save with my templates for the scribal shorthand. Even tho you have a temporary account, this should all work. I can also give you screenshots and a guide so you can do the scanning. Let me know. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:21, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Many thanks for transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]. With the help of AI translation, I’m finally able to dive into its insights and discover the wisdom hidden within its pages.
::::::I’m still moving forward with my [[Liber:Nos_in_schola_latine_loquimur_-_Ars_latine_loquendi.pdf|current task]], though a bit slowly—about one chapter each day—as I also continue transcribing another [[Liber:Opera Latine Conscripta, Volume 2 (Bruno).djvu|memory book]]. It’s so much easier working with the printed text than trying to make sense of the handwritten one!
::::::By the way, your skill in reading and transcribing handwritten manuscripts is truly impressive. That’s such a rare talent, and it really brings these old works back to life. 
::::::You should definitely keep focusing on that—it’s a gift that few people have! [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|&amp;#126;2025-30550-29]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|talk]]) 00:27, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thanks, I hope you don't mind me saying that I can tell when AI has helped you with your messages! They are a bit too fulsome in their praise, which is one of the dangers of these tools, they mislead you about the strength of your own talents.
:::::::I noticed you'd found a new memory book to transcribe. I can certainly take a look at this when you are done. As you say working with more modern printing is much easier. Even  seventeenth and eighteenth century books are easier than the fifteenth / early sixteenth century texts you have been interested in.
:::::::I will keep going with the Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa, but need to try some other things meantime just to take a bit of a break. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:26, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)

== Ecclesiastical Latin  ==

Hello.  I've been taking a break.  I was just looking at the formulae you were working on for letters.  Still struggling with them a bit, but I will persevere.  

I was wondering if you had given any consideration to a way to display accents in &quot;Church Latin.&quot;  These are the acute marks showing where to place the accent when reading aloud, and are present in missals and many prayer books.  

á é í ó ú ǽ æ Æ Ǽ Œ œ and of course the Versicle and Response glyphs, ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .

Here is an example page:  [[:Pagina:Missale_Romanum_1862.djvu/301]]    

In a missal page like the above, some of the text, specifically the rubrics (instructions), do not include the accents, only the text meant to be spoken.  

These glyphs (and their display) is I think different from the abbreviations in incunabula and early printed works.  I think it will be a while before I am comfortable displaying the abbreviations (instead of their expanded transcriptions) to read, but the accents are helpful when reading, even when not reading aloud.  

I have spent some time recently hunting for fonts that include all these glyphs.  

It will be important to be able to specify such fonts that include all the relevant glyphs in displaying them on WS or when downloading them in an epub;  do you know if that sort of thing is doable here?  (I think a lot of it is a browser problem.)  

Should we move or copy these discussions to someplace more publicly visible?  I would suggest the Category you created, unless that is supposed to be limited to discussions about the Category itself.  Or anywhere else suitable.  

Did you ever find the unicodes for ℣ and ℟ ?  Would the results of my research into these various glyphs and the fonts that display them be useful to you? [[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Laura1822|disputatio]]) 20:56, 23 Octobris 2025 (UTC)  

:Hi @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]]
:There is a lot here! And yes we can find a better place to discuss this.
:(1) Church accents: these you want to preferve in the mainspace (not transcription) pages that people see, so just use the characters as-is. ie á é í ó ú. Then ǽ poses a bit of a problem. You could either  leave æ  in place on mainspace pages for consistency, or just accent ǽ. These accents as you know are to indicate stress, so are as you say an aid to speaking, which explains their absence in the small print. Likewise, with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ you should leave these in place.
:I can see that this poses a problem for some users tho, who might not have fonts containing ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .
:(2) Fonts: the idea with the templates is that users never see the abbreviations unless they want to. So for most people, they will not see them. Compare [[Pagina:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu/8]] (transcription page) with [[Ars_Memorativa_Gulielmi_Leporei_Avallonensis/Gulielmus_Leporeus_Domino_Gulielmo_Iornoer]] (mainspace). users will look at the second of these, normally at least. These aren't set up yet for [[Arra aeternae salutis]] or [[Missale Romanum (1496)]]. Let me know if you'd like help with that so you can see better how this is working for your transcriptions.
:I have developed a means to toggle the abbreviations in the mainspace.
:(3) Installation of fonts on Wikisource / ebooks: this ought to be doable, it's there for blackletter scripts I think. It's more relevant if the characters are visible in mainspace. Transcriptions (Liber / Pagina) don't matter so much to users. But of course for your Missal with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠, these are needed. Interesting that these were preserved!
:(4) We can use the category for discussions for now; some point I should write up the whole system especially if you or others are using it. I know the documentation for the templates has slipped a bit. Regarding ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ in the Missal, the best place to have this discussion is at [[Vicifons:Scriptorium]]; I will open something up there for you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:33, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

p.s.  ''Thank you'' for the several pages you edited of ''Arra Aeternis''!!
:No problem! Happy to help some more if it's useful! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:35, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== ꝓ is always pro, never prae or pre ==

I have already checked and corrected the instances were [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ|rae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; were used instead of [[Formula:pro|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]]. I also updated the [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; template]].

I suggest you update your [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|javascript]] so to not commit this mistake. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 17:36, 5 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks very much, will amend! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:03, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== Last year's &lt;s&gt;sins&lt;/s&gt; typoes ==

(Btw: Congratulations!)

Last year you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82]] and 
[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=236403 introduced] {{tlx|-|ost}} into the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas

Separately you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198]] and [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=236544 added] {{tlx|-|itu}} near the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.

It seems that someone then copied you and made a similar change to [[Pagina:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae (Romberch de Kyrspe).djvu/13]] 
::&lt;nowiki&gt;opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis:&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis

The formula/template {{tlx|-}} is a redirect to {{tlx|clear}}. The effect of these uses of {{tlx|clear}} is as though someone had put a linebreak &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the text. The first example above produces
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear:ost;&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Can you look at these three instances (which are the only ones found using a search for insource:/[{][{]-[|]/ ) and try and figure out what was intended? That is, what formula/template was meant to be used?

'''Oh!''', was it supposed to be {{tlx|~}} ?
::&lt;nowiki&gt;n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a

Ahh, fixed the linebreak thing in all three pages and then two books they showed up in:
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Secundus/Capitulum_1]]
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Quartus/Capitulum_1]]

Can you explain...
:are you trying to make the pagina: view look as close to the page image as possible,
:but then trying to have the final text view have all the abbreviations expanded?
[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], yes: the idea is this:
:* to preserve the original marking so these are available to users, scholars etc; 
:* to provide templates for the character switches that are fairly readable when transcribing; 
:* to enable the user to OCR the original scribal conventions and automatically replace them with these templates;
:* to ensure a modern reader can get something closer to modern orthography
:* to allow a modern reader to be able to choose between these two views using javascript
:The procedures for easing scanning, adding the templates and installing toggling views etc can now be found on the category page at present. See [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:39, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

::So reviewing that list something popped out for {{tl|c̃}} - it was showing up in the second column as &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;. I [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:C%CC%83&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=270942 fixed] the extra '&gt;'. But it still shows up as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
::{{tl|c̃}} is only used once, in page [[Pagina:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu/9]], as 
:::&lt;nowiki&gt;cu{{c̃|nc}}tum&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Notice the supplied parameter.
::Comparing {{tl|Õ}} with {{tl|c̃}} I see the former has code for checking whether a parameter has been supplied, whereas the latter _requires_ a parameter.
:::{{tl|Õ}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|õ|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::{{tl|c̃}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|c̃|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Different again, {{tl|m̃}} has another way of allowing a default:
:::{{tl|m̃}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|m̃|{{{1|em}}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Anyway, as is, without a parameter given in the [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] list, {{tl|c̃}} shows up badly.
::Is there no good default for {{tl|c̃}} ?
::Also, when it says 'usor' in the third column, what does that mean?
::[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:11, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


::While checking those other formulas, I found something weird. Trying to use &lt;code&gt;data-original-form=&quot;&quot;&lt;/code&gt; everywhere is causing problems. These formulas are combining badly.
::Check this page [[Pagina:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu/11]] and where it is included [[Ars_Memorativa_Gulielmi_Leporei_Avallonensis/Liber_I/Caput_Primum]]. Search for &quot;class=&quot;. HTML has bled out onto the view.
::Experimenting, it seems to be when the first parameter to {{tl|scr}} has text containing one of these formulae, like {{tl|s}}.
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ|Philosopho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ|Philosopho}}
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ|Philo{{s}}opho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ|Philo{{s}}opho}}
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ{{s}}|Philosopho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ{{s}}|Philosopho}}
::The use of &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;data-original-form=&quot;{{{1}}}&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; in {{tl|scr}} is receiving the generated HTML within the &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;{{{1}}}&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::I have no clue what to do about this. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>6kpuxw7nlkn3my0mctmdxio3yo228x9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270950</id>
      <parentid>270945</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T23:28:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Last year's sins typoes */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>270950</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64668" sha1="c0bxfnhliwd816glovtx7jvhtr4rsza" xml:space="preserve">== Salve! ==

{{Salve}}[[Usor:Zyephyrus|Zyephyrus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Zyephyrus|disputatio]]) 14:24, 16 Augusti 2019 (UTC)

== span ==

please wait to add &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;ws-cover&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the pages; I will add a parameter for that in the revised [[Formula:Titulus]]. just give me some time till monday :) --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 07:57, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
:Sure :) was just seeing if it works on other exports – I will remove once I've exported one or two. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:58, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
::ok, it was just to be sure :). the template will have a parameter ''Frons='' to specify the (eventual) cover page, like [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=De_antiquissima_Italorum_sapientia&amp;type=revision&amp;diff=126321&amp;oldid=126320 this] (seems to work). now, we have to understand why the export fails with pdf, and how/if we can center the resulting image... --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 08:26, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)

== [[:meta:Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement|Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement]] ==

hi, I just wanted to inform you that at the link above on Meta they are looking for comments or feedbacks about the export of Wikisource contents as ebooks; since you seemed interested in the matter, feel free to join the conversation there if you want :) have a nice day, --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 11:57, 28 Maii 2020 (UTC)
:Thanks! Will take a look. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:30, 17 Iunii 2020 (UTC)

== Colloquia Erasmi ==
Salve! Optime fecisti quod transcriptionem Colloquiorum aggressus es, quo in opere libenter te adjuvabo. Qui in Vicifonte tiro sim, dubius sum: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Disputatio_Libri:Erasmi_Colloquia_Familiaria_Et_Encomium_Moriae.djvu Etiam nescio quam ob rem efficere non possum ut alter dialogus in propria pagina appareat: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Colloquia_familiaria/Epithalamium_Petri_Aegidii --[[Usor:Quasus|Quasus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Quasus|disputatio]]) 19:10, 16 Septembris 2020 (UTC)
:{{at||Quasus}} Salve Quaese! Et multas gratias! Corrigo hoc paginam, et addere aliquae notae formatae. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]])

== We sent you an e-mail ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}},

Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled &quot;The Community Insights survey is coming!&quot;. If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. 

You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]].

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 18:52, 25 Septembris 2020 (UTC)
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==De italico==

Typographi me docebant numquam voces Graecas scriptura italica (''sic'') designare; nam scriptura Graeca usitata ipsa per se italica est. In libro, quem transcribimus, verba Graeca non italico designata sunt, — ipsa scriptura italica est. Sed si putas sic recte esse, cum continuero, designabo Graeca italico. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:03, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Demetrius Talpa}} Puto tu recte dicis; formae litterae in libro sunt quasi-italicae, sed nescio quomodo litterae graeciae sint. Non est magni momenti! Possumus eligere formam te putare recte esse. Et multas gratias! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:08, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)

== Ora Maritima: English or Latin? ==

I've added Sonnenschein's ''[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Ora_Maritima.djvu Ora Maritima]'' to Wikisource. I accidentally added it to the English namespace. I'm not sure I was wrong, though. ''Ora Maritima'' has a lot of exercises and so on that are written in English. So I'm not sure whether to view it as a Latin book with English bits or an English book about Latin. What do you think? I'd like to get this resolved before I start editing the pages, because I think migrating it across namespaces will be a pain if there are a lot of pages to move. [[Usor:Persimmon and Hazelnut|Persimmon and Hazelnut]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Persimmon and Hazelnut|disputatio]]) 15:30, 7 Octobris 2021 (UTC)
:Hi {{ping|Persimmon and Hazelnut}} I think the case is arguable either way; things are a bit more relaxed here but there are more users at en.ws; maybe ask on their forum before pressing ahead? Either way I will try to give you a bit of help with it. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:36, 9 Octobris 2021 (UTC)

== Suggestion ==

Hello! How are you?

My name is Erick, I'm from Brazil, and I have added this [[:oldwikisource:Reproduction fac-similé d'un dessin (Bartholomeu Lourenço de Gusmão)/Delineatio machinæ artificiosæ|work]] by [[Scriptor:Bartholomæus de Gusmão|Bartolomeu de Gusmão]] at the Multilingual Wikisource, since it is pretty much a French-Latin bilingual book. You might find it interesting and, if possible, I would like to know if the writing &quot;Bartholomæus de Gusmão&quot; (at the &quot;Scriptor&quot; page) is correct. He was a quite fascinating character and also mastered the Latin-language (I have tried to find more Latin-language versions of his works online, but to no avail). I've found the Latin-language quite interesting, and I hope to learn it enough for reading and writing some day (but grammar lessons don't really work with me) to edit here and in the Latin Wiki. Cheers! [[Usor:Erick Soares3|Erick Soares3]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erick Soares3|disputatio]]) 00:11, 16 Novembris 2024 (UTC)

== Epistulae ==

Hi, I'm asking for help/ideas here. Sorry for not writing in Latin, but creating original Latin texts is a bit out of my league. I got a book with scans and transcriptions of letters between Johann Scopoli and Carl Linnae, two famous biologists. I've started transcribing these letters (only those of Scopoli, so far) at [[Epistulae ad Carolum Linnaeum (Ioannes Antonius Scopoli)]]. I am wondering, since there is a lot of letters if there's a better way to organise them (I still have to do ie. text placement on the already transcribed ones). I was thinking to maybe make a disambiguation type page which would contain a list of all letters? Or would standalone pages be more appropriate? Anyhow, thanks for your response! Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 21:00, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, yes usually an index page with links to the letters would make sense. See [[Epistulae (Marcus Tullius Cicero)]] for example. Is the source in the public domain or only the contents of the letters btw? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:13, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::Even though the book isn’t old, I believe they are public domain. Scans do not renew copyright in Slovenia and a known author died before 1945, so they should be in public domain (book was made in Slovenia, hence Slovene copyright laws apply). Translations are likely copyrightable, as is the introduction. Don’t worry, I’m not uploading these, just letters :) If anything is wrong, please let me know. Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 09:42, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure, I was just wondering whether there was a reason for not uploading the source document. If this is included and linked, this helps with provenance, double proof reading and long term error correction. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:41, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::I believe I could upload scanned scans of letters, but once in the future since I'm a bit occupied with other more important things onwiki. Thanks for your help! Stay safe, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 13:45, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I uploaded the first letter at [[:File:Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760).pdf]], but I have a little problem when referencing it at [[Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760)]] (throws an error that the index page wasn't created yet, which is expected). Since not the whole book is in Latin nor is in public domain, is there a way to connect both the Wikisource page with the scanned PDF? Thanks a lot, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi there, yes this all very non-obvious. I have linked the transcription; you use &quot;Liber:filename&quot;; and then add at least &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the fields. Pagelist has lots of options, so you can exclude pages and number them in specific ways.
::::::Then, on the compiled public pages, you need to reference the pages you want from the ''Liber'' you want. You can probably use multiple ''Liberi'', or else you can add pages to your PDF by adding new versions to WP Commons on the same file page (ie, '''replace''' the file, rather than create new copies with new file names). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:03, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I see you have done most of this at [[:Liber:Scopoli-1777 Introductio ad historiam naturalem.pdf]], except for setting up a public / compiled version. usually the transcription is not viewed as the &quot;final&quot; product; the pages are set up as just HTML, eg ''[[De Principe]]'' which compiles the transcription made at [[:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf]]; this allows export and easier reading, etc. Hope that helps! Also pages of a finished book need to sit underneath the main book page, so that export to epub PDF etc works correctly. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:15, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Many thanks for your response! [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 07:20, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)

== [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]] ==

Thank you so much for your interest and assistance. With the help of Google Translate and other ai tool, the text now makes sense. 

I hope you're not too busy and we can manage to finish it within a month or two.

Best regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:36, 19 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, no problem and sure, the timescale depends really how much prep you can do on the pages before I proof them. The more coherent they are, the easier it is for me to tidy them up. I appreciate tho it might be a lot of work for you to get to the standard you had for the first couple of pages. Let me know how you want to approach it; I do have other things on (eg, [[De Principe]], but if the pages are fairly tidy, doing two or three of pages a day on average is quite possible. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:27, 20 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Hi,
::Here a another copy of the book Foenix
::* https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00001198-001/page/n11/mode/1up
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:43, 22 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::It's slow going, but we're making progress. Have a look when you get a chance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:50, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Will do, can you take a look at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/30|page 30]] again when you have a chance? The second part got forgot :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:52, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I am cross referencing the text using the other copies as guide. So it will take a while.
::::# [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Phoenix (Petrus Ravennas, 1600).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 07:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::by the way this is the clearest copy to work on. So I need your help on this page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/20|20]]
:::::[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:03, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Do you want to pause and transfer the work to the new book, rather than work on two copies? It seems a waste of effort to transcribe both, if this version is clearer and easier. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:43, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Well this is done. So go ahead and check transcription and no need to work on the new book
:::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:24, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I am using the other copy to find mistake in the first one [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:39, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::OK, no problem, I will leave to you and work on the long edition. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:46, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Do you know the copy below contains two book in one ([[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]). 
:::::::::So, I am trying to finish ([[Foenix]]) first.
:::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:08, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::I spotted you have split these up. The second on looks a lot more troublesome, with the gothic font. Is it all set like that? And if so, is there another, easier copy to work off? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:10, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::There is another copy for (Congestorium Artificiose Memorie)
:::::::::::[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That looks about the same, in terms of typsetting, unless I have missed something. 
::::::::::::There is also a critical edition recently published, access to which would help. See [https://editorialsinderesis.com/wp-content/uploads/texto-the-congestorium-artificiose-memorie-.pdf this sample of the book]. You could [https://www.ujaen.es/departamentos/lycm/contactos/ramos-grane-marta contact the author via this page] and ask if they would be prepared to share their raw transcription? They might appreciate the interest and share the pain of doing this, and wish to save you the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:19, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Not sure if the author agree due to copyright by the publisher [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:38, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Sure, except:
::::::::::::::* the raw transcript is a literal copy of a public domain text and therefore not subject to copyright
::::::::::::::* as we would match the text to the PD document, this would ensure no copyright was infringed
::::::::::::::In any case, there is no harm in asking (and a lot to gain). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:40, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Also, another copy with more gothic font just in case
:::::::::::::* https://books.google.com/books?id=6XVSN-GYrl0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
:::::::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:47, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I can contact the author, if you prefer - let me know! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:51, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Yes that would be great [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Again, thank you for your support and assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:12, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I noticed that you left a &lt;!--chck--&gt; tag on pages [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/23|23]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/24|24]]. I reviewed those sections against another source on page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] and corrected some error. However, I'm unsure how to proceed with the other comment in the text and would appreciate your guidance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:59, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks; the main issue now is all the medieval style references, which need to be comprehensible for a modern reader. This will take some research and checking but it is not necessarily for you to do. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:06, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Excellent. When you have a moment, kindly take a look at page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] &lt;br&gt;[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I successfully removed hidden characters (such as hidden hyphens) from the text resulting from OCR processing. 
:::::::::I will now begin working on the second copy of the book &quot;[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]]&quot; 
:::::::::Second time's the charm. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:17, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Where do I do the proofing for ''Congestorium Artificiose Memorie''? Or is that paused? 
:On ''Foenix'', I will work through the various pages marked as ''problematic''. 
:Re page 21 of the second version of ''Foenix'', I don't understand the purpose of me proofing a second copy of this book, could you explain what you are trying to do? 
:I can work on one copy of a book, but I cannot help proofread two versions of the same thing. If it helps you, then you can do what you like of course, but my help has to be limited to one copy of each text. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:54, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::I don't know why some of the pages marked as ''problematic''. So I am trying find out from other copy [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 11:09, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure. I have marked them as problematic because they have contractions that I don't understand, or because the characters are sometimes hard to read - sit and fit look very similar, meaning &quot;it would be&quot; and &quot;it makes&quot;, roughly. I am going through the contractions asking ChatGPT or Claude what it makes of them. This is a task for me, which is easiest done this way. It is probably easiest if you let me reduce these to the very difficult to solve issues. There is one, at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/29|29]], where the contraction e. is unclear. This is his memory aid, but at this point you may need a Latin specialist and a mnemnonics specialist to make an educated guess! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:15, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::That is done now, first pass complete. One query, and maybe some assumptions on the abbreviations relating to the mnemnonics, particulary ''rotunda'' (''.r.'') which might be double checked. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:39, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::You might find ChatGPT or Claude helpful for transcription the '' Congestorium Artificiose Memorie'' [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:12, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi, see my comments at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] - the OCR tools here do a really good job, if you choose the right one. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:16, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:21, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::If this was what you have been doing on the other pages of this book then the results are very poor compared with Tesseract OCR which is nearly spot on [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I can btw give some simple instructions for importing and cleaning up the Tesseract OCR, which would be a lot of help for me to proof the result: Basically:
:::::* Import OCR
:::::* Using an external text tool, search and replace ſ for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}};&lt;/nowiki&gt; remove the line breaks and hyphen character (join the hyphened words together)
:::::*&lt;nowiki&gt; replace qꝫ with {{que}}, ⁊ with {{tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; etc
:::::[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:19, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::As above, looking at the prior work you had done, I don't think it is very helpful [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Whatever you did on Foenix was pretty decent, but the results on the second book are borderline nonsense at time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:24, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::It might just surprise you [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:26, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I just tried for [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|page 56]], which [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|I did withTesseract]] 
:::::::::I got this:
:::::::::&lt;blockquote&gt;
:::::::::simit doctois sollicitarione dum adolescentior
:::::::::esset in unum congesti libellum qui inde Lon-
:::::::::gestovium artificiose nemozatioe nomen sorti-
:::::::::tus est. Interposita itaq; per me appellatione
:::::::::cum devolveretur ad S. Apostolicam causā
:::::::::Jacobi hochstrassen inquisitoria contra *Spe-
:::::::::culum ocularezibq; inter cardinei cœtus vi-
:::::::::ros pecularius committeretur / veluti iuriscon-
:::::::::sultissimis: &amp; quod præcipuum erat: quia inter
:::::::::Theologicum agmen facile primatum tribit ve-
:::::::::dicasset vir alter eque acu (absq; iniuria di-
:::::::::cetur) quid nam fideri archodoceæ consentane
:::::::::um: quidue dissimum internoscere. Cumq;
:::::::::ille reverendissimus pater &amp; procurator age-
:::::::::ret apud Episcopum Spirē. factus apud
:::::::::Reuerendiff. Domi. tuam sollicitator con-
:::::::::sumptis aliquoties vigiliis abs te institit:
:::::::::dum indices vel rectius horarum edes tuas fre-
:::::::::quentares: tuo potissimum erant: quæ longe
:::::::::noscē molestiam nonnulli alleviarent: Impzi-
:::::::::mis quidem locorum arte Symonidis compa-
:::::::::ratio optaram in sum amplo spacioso perspicu-
:::::::::o tuo cum dissertinijs ad rem ipsam necessariijs
:::::::::exornatissimo palatio. Ne modo ut Liceronis
:::::::::est præcepto centum inibi concederentur lo-
:::::::::caverum penetrare que Ioan. M. Ischaelis
:::::::::&amp; Petrus ravennas: atq; alij suadent facillimē
:::::::::illuc coniurare liceret. Si quippe religiosorū
:::::::::domus Theologorum: Iuristarum / &amp; Medicorū
:::::::::/ Philosophorum: id genus hominum maiore
:::::::::nōs ingredi liberet quatenus inibi nobis loca
:::::::::vendicemus a Palatio tuo volefcius nulla ra&lt;/blockquote&gt;
:::::::::Tesseract picks up all of the weird characters, much, much better. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:30, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Here is a [[Usor:JimKillock/Transcribe_test|table showing a comparison for pge 57]]. Tesseract is doing much better and would save us both a lot of time, I am certain. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Hi there, Marta came back to say that she is contractually obliged not to share her transcription. 
::::::::::I played a bit more with the two transcription tools. I am not anti CHatGPT or anything, I use it for various things, but it is doing a lot worse than the scanning tools we have. This second book is a lot more old fashioned and uses a lot more medieval scribal contractions, which ChatGPT is not picking up (along with some other errors). See [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina%3AFoenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_%28Petrus%29_%28IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001%29.pdf%2F54&amp;diff=235384&amp;oldid=234977 this edit for example], where I replaced what you were able to do with ChatGPT with a Tesseract transcription. 
::::::::::If we go with Tesseract, and you can do the initial work, then I can commit to finishing the pages that way. If I have to work from ChatGPT output, without it being substantially cleaned up, I fear that will be too much work as I will just end up re-scanning the pages.  Considering how long this book is as well,  I will probably have to bow out at this point. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:55, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::I see your point, and you’re right. Also, I have a crazy idea — it just might work I need time to test it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 03:51, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KE4xEzFGSU8 [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 04:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That might be a stretch! I am njot sure it is needed, the error rate is not so high. The text we have is very close in style to what is known as a Latin [[:w:en:Incunabula|Incunabulum]]; ie early printed book, and the Tesseract Latin-Incunabula engine is trained on these kinds of books and fonts already.
::::::::::::There is another thing we can automate tho, which is the search and replace. Since a lot of the work is basically finding the characters long-s and son on, and replacing with a template, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}, {{et}}, {{tet}}, {{qui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, and so on, we could get a Wikimedia bot to work through the pages on the book,  and do all the replacements.
::::::::::::That would cut the time significantly, I think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Note that I am working on a bot for this. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::OK, so the folks at Wikisource helped write a js to do this for us. You can find my version of it at [[Usor:JimKillock/scribal.js]]. The first line of [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]] also needs to be included, to summon it. What this does is to clean up the output from the scan on the''' first save of the new page only'''.  This should speed up the process immensely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::okay, have look at page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/52|52]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/53|53]]
:::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it?
:::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? 
:::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:07, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it? - this looks good yes, altho the script would not work of course, as the page was already in existence.
::::::::::::::I corrected some templates which did not exist / were not needed. If in doubt, use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|origchar|result}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::::::::::::::I will vibecode a bash script to do the same job as the js tool, for the existing raw pages
::::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? Yes and yes
::::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; - It is what later became a ' mark - so it just means &quot;something missing follows&quot;. So we use&lt;nowiki&gt; {{Scr| ꝰ|us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:29, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::(we can add an {{us}} template tho, for readability etc - but not all 9's will be us), so IDK if we should transform it automatically) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:30, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::In fact it seems you are right and this is always -us, so I added it into the scripts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:51, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::[https://gist.github.com/JimKillock/853b4b8baf23bac5fd55b5499c1bf93a Here is a bash script] that will replace the characters automatically, not sure if you are familiar with using terminal scripts etc but it is not difficult. If made executable, and named as below, it would run with 
::::::::::::::&lt;code&gt;./wikimedia_transform.sh filename.txt&lt;/code&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
Checking in, if you want to help (and don't want to add transcriptions) you can format and check pages up to page 100. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:57, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:Update, I have {{exp|nearly}} done the first pass. Some of the layouts look quite hard work tho, with text on the sie o upside down. These might need to be images? SVGs? I am not sure. Let me know if you are still working on this, and how you feel able to help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:24, 4 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi there, I have listed the pages that I hope you or your friends can help format at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. Be good to hear from you, and know if you are still interested in finishing this project. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:12, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::I'm really sorry I haven’t been in touch—I was sick over the past few days and needed some time to rest and recover. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:33, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::No problem at all, hope you feel better. Let me know if you ate able to help with the page formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:35, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::Feeling better now—working on fixing the Header [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173|2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173]] 20:44, 7 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::I have create a table for the pages
::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 10:19, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::That's great, good to see progress on these. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:37, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi
::::::Two templates are required for this page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/216|216]] and possibly others.
::::::* &quot;Template:Upside down&quot;
::::::* &quot;Template:Transform-rotate&quot;
::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E]] 23:20, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK, copied across to &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Inversus}} {{Rotatus}}; and also {{Dsiplay}} was needed, at {{Ostensio}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:28, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::{{Inversus|Inversus}}, {{Rotatus|90|Rotatus}} [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:34, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Rotate has something wrong / missing, will investigate later or tomorrow [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:40, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::👍 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791]] 15:57, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::OK, it is working, in fact, but you need sytax like &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; giving &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;. See the documentation at [[Formula:Rotatus]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::you can also just use [[Formula:Littera rotata]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:17, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B|2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B]] 13:24, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Before I start splitting the book into chapters, please take a look at the table of contents I’ve created and share your feedback 
:::::::::::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.150.133|82.167.150.133]] 17:26, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Thanks, my only comment was to use forward slashes. Are you OK with the Wikimarkup around spltting pages, chapters etc? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::not a problem [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 17:37, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Like that [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae/Conclusio|Conclusio]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:14, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Have you thought of a fitting title for the opening section of the book?
:::::::::::::::from page 53 to 61 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:18, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::What do we have? Some poems (Poema) and some dedicatory letters (Epistolae). That would do for now I think? They can always be moved later, we could also check how Marta has done it, altho this is not obvious from the introductory chapters and contents page. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:37, 12 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.15.196|37.106.15.196]] 00:39, 2 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Ars Memorativa ==

Welcome back! I noticed you haven't been working on the [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] lately. It's perfectly fine to pause and take breaks from time to time.

In the meantime, would you be interested in working on another book together?

[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]]
Best Regret [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.2.89|37.106.2.89]] 03:40, 20 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, will take a look at this in a week or so, am busy this month tho. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:22, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 07:00, 27 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::So are you ready? [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.105.235.52|37.105.235.52]] 10:16, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi there, no I have some other things I need to do but will take a look mid September. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:34, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::::I hope you are doing well. 
::::Are you ready now? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:16, 23 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi there I can make a start and help but my time is a bit limited. Which of these is the higher priority? The shorter text might be more realistic. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:43, 26 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|The Ars Memorativa of Gulielmus Leporeus of Avallon]] may be accomplished in a short time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:12, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just apply the same approach you used last time to the entire book, and I’ll go through it to make adjustments. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:19, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK. Will start on this. Something to think about, especially if we go back to the longer text, we could consider doing a &quot;time / skills swap&quot;; for example I have a book here [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]]; and I have a text which is already transcribed which I need to copy paste back. I can provide the text in wiki format, and the page numbers are clearly marked. I could ask you to do the copy paste work in return for the time proof reading pages at [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. we don't have to be exact about the time, but could let erach other know a rough estimate of time given; this would help me feel like I am able to progress my projects while helping you, rather than having to choose not to do my own projects in order to help you. Let me know what you think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:58, 28 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Agreed on &quot;time / skills swap&quot; for both books
::::::::* [[Liber:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] 
::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
::::::::in exchange for transcribing 
::::::::* [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf|Nos in schola latine loquimur Ars latine loquendi]]
::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 03:00, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Ah great! it is just copy pasting; I will create a document with the text that needs moving over shortly. Thank you very much :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:16, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::15 pages everyday maybe by the next month it will be done. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 08:50, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Hi there, the text to copy is here: [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] - please note, use this text, rather than trasnscribing anew, as it is '''already proofed'''. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:55, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::Don’t worry, it’s easy for me to make a new transcription, better than just copying another text.[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 16:49, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Sure, but then I have extra working validating it? The text I have is checked. Unless you have a way to check your work against the copy I have? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:15, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I have completed 15 pages using my current approach. Could you review and validate it to determine if I should proceed further? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::https://www.diffchecker.com/text-compare/ [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 06:02, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Hi there, Ok carry on, you are doing a good job with the formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:48, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::I want to use [[en:Template:Overfloat image|Overfloat image]] template on [[Pagina:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu/7|page number 7]] but I didn't find it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 10:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Sure I can copy this across. I will take a look at the page and what you need to achieve. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:49, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::That's now available using &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Imago superposita}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. I haven't tested it, and please remember that text renders differently according to user preferences, so this will be very inexact. In the case of this title page, using Alt text could be a perfectly acceptable or preferable way of showing the page text and illutration. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Done.
::::::::::[[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:11, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::another [[en:Template:Scan page link]] is needed [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:15, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Added [[Formula:Nexus ad facsimile]]; but it might break, there are a lot of sub templates by the look of it. If you try it somewhere I can debug it and add whatever else is missing. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:05, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::I would like to include it in the table of contents to make it easier for me to review and jump to any chapter.
::::::::::::[[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/9|Table of Contents]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:10, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Can you set this up where you want it to work, eg put the transcription pages with the ToC on Liber page to list the contents, or make a book page with the ToC displayed on the page, so we can see if it works? The '''template applies differently to all three different spaces''', transcription page; Liber (transcription project) page; and mainspace (book), so we can only test it if it is displayed in all three contexts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:43, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I didn't understand what do you want me to do [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 11:47, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::The template is designed to work on content transcluded on Index (Liber) pages (see [[en:Template:Scan_page_link]]. I'm assuming you want to use the contents page on the Liber / Index page. It behaves differently when transcluded on the normal book pages. So you should set up the contents page transclusion on [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] and also at [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] so we can test it is all working (or not). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:49, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::I added it but it does not seem to be working; can you check and confirm? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:40, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::::Yes it does not work [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 23:24, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;s&gt;Two&lt;/s&gt; One formula&lt;s&gt;e&lt;/s&gt; to fix? ==

Noticed your talk page is listed in [[:Categoria:Formulae]]. Searched through the templates used on the talk page and found two with misplaced references to the category:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; 

Oh, wait, [[Formula:Exp]] is a redirect, and not a problem.

Could you fix up [[:Formula:Textus expunctus]] to put the category inside the noinclude
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
and then check your talk page disappears from [[:Categoria:Formulae]] ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:I think that is done, thank you! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:39, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Transcription request: Ars_Memorativa, Josephus Publicius ==

If it’s not too much trouble, could you please take some time to transcribe this book? You don’t need to make an exact transcription — just enough to get things started so that table of contents, images and decorative drop caps can be added.
I understand this is quite a big request, and I truly appreciate your patience, effort, and willingness to help make the content more accessible and visually.
*[[Liber:Ars_Oratoria._Ars_Epistolandi._Ars_Memorativa._(Publicio).djvu]]
[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 22:57, 14 Octobris 2025 (UTC
:I am only interested in the Ars Memorativa section ([[Pagina:Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa. (Publicio).djvu/111|page 111]] onward), in order to maintain a clear and focused scope. The remainder of the book may be considered at a later stage, if time permits. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:37, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi, can we keep topics to topic? You can request this with a new topic on my user page or on the discussion page for the book. Otherwise it gets really hard to keep track of what we are discussing and where to find things. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:27, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:The long and short of it is that it depends if you can help me in return. Some point I may find this a bit much, but for now it is OK and I do have other tasks that you could do in return in a skills - a time swap, even after you finish the Nos in Schola Latine Loquimur textbook. 
:I ran a couple of test pages of your new text through the OCR tool and they seem to have gone quite well.
:I am less keen on only doing part of the text though. I don't like leaving projects half done, but also I think the work itself is likely to work as a unit from a little reading around.
:I think we should complete the current [[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] book first though before considering taking on another one. 
:At the moment with the current book it takes me about 30-40 mins per page to correct the scan and check my work for errors via ChatGPT.  I have time this week so I might clear up the text by the end of the week. So that would be about 30 hours work for the current text, hopefully by the end of the week,  how is it going on your side? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:50, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::So far, the first part—copying and pasting the text into the corresponding pages—has been completed, which fulfills my part of our time and skills exchange. In addition, I’ve developed a script that automatically generates a table of contents for each chapter. And because I don’t like leaving projects unfinished, I’m now working on validating each page, which is the final step to complete the project.
::I’d also like to take this opportunity to thank you for the excellent job you did transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]—it really made the process much smoother and the content far more readable.
::For the next book, ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''., could you please use the script to extract the entire text for the whole book, just like you did before with ''Nos in schola Latine loquimur''? I’ll take care of copying and pasting the extracted text into the corresponding pages afterward. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:22, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Thank you. Because this will be a long project I think we should be clear and accountable with each other, so that the exchange is a fair one. What I am asking is whether you have spent or will have spent about 30 hours on the school book. The easiest way to estimate this is to estimate how long page scanning / and page validation takes for you per page.
:::If your work on the book takes longer than 30 hours, that is fine, and I will match it on the next transcription project. Once done, you can help me with another simple transcription job.
:::For me, it was taking about an hour per page but this has reduced to about 30-40 minutes. So I've estimated I've given you about 30 hours (it's probably more but don't worry about that)
:::On ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa,'' you could do the page extraction yourself, you don't need me to do this. You would however need to set up the scripts in your user page, and remember to choose the correct OCR model, but that is all. I can give you instructions on this if you like.
:::Otherwise I will get to this after I've done with the current book. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::I’m not completely sure, but it seems to be over 30 hours.
::::On 3 October 2025, I worked on transcribing pages from [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/190|176]] to [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/329|315]] between 01:26 and 23:14, which took roughly 11 hours including some breaks. You can verify this in the page history.
::::Now I’ll take my time to carefully validate the text on each page — hopefully one chapter per day.
::::It’s no big deal — I’m glad to help! And if there’s another simple transcription task similar to the previous one, I’d be happy to assist. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:55, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Once again, thank you for your kind assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 11:00, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks very much, that is good to hear! I'll wait until we are done with Nos In Schola before suggesting anything else. Do you want me to set up scripts in your user space so you can start work on ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''? Once they are added, you can just use the inbuilt OCR tools, and they will save with my templates for the scribal shorthand. Even tho you have a temporary account, this should all work. I can also give you screenshots and a guide so you can do the scanning. Let me know. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:21, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Many thanks for transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]. With the help of AI translation, I’m finally able to dive into its insights and discover the wisdom hidden within its pages.
::::::I’m still moving forward with my [[Liber:Nos_in_schola_latine_loquimur_-_Ars_latine_loquendi.pdf|current task]], though a bit slowly—about one chapter each day—as I also continue transcribing another [[Liber:Opera Latine Conscripta, Volume 2 (Bruno).djvu|memory book]]. It’s so much easier working with the printed text than trying to make sense of the handwritten one!
::::::By the way, your skill in reading and transcribing handwritten manuscripts is truly impressive. That’s such a rare talent, and it really brings these old works back to life. 
::::::You should definitely keep focusing on that—it’s a gift that few people have! [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|&amp;#126;2025-30550-29]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|talk]]) 00:27, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thanks, I hope you don't mind me saying that I can tell when AI has helped you with your messages! They are a bit too fulsome in their praise, which is one of the dangers of these tools, they mislead you about the strength of your own talents.
:::::::I noticed you'd found a new memory book to transcribe. I can certainly take a look at this when you are done. As you say working with more modern printing is much easier. Even  seventeenth and eighteenth century books are easier than the fifteenth / early sixteenth century texts you have been interested in.
:::::::I will keep going with the Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa, but need to try some other things meantime just to take a bit of a break. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:26, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)

== Ecclesiastical Latin  ==

Hello.  I've been taking a break.  I was just looking at the formulae you were working on for letters.  Still struggling with them a bit, but I will persevere.  

I was wondering if you had given any consideration to a way to display accents in &quot;Church Latin.&quot;  These are the acute marks showing where to place the accent when reading aloud, and are present in missals and many prayer books.  

á é í ó ú ǽ æ Æ Ǽ Œ œ and of course the Versicle and Response glyphs, ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .

Here is an example page:  [[:Pagina:Missale_Romanum_1862.djvu/301]]    

In a missal page like the above, some of the text, specifically the rubrics (instructions), do not include the accents, only the text meant to be spoken.  

These glyphs (and their display) is I think different from the abbreviations in incunabula and early printed works.  I think it will be a while before I am comfortable displaying the abbreviations (instead of their expanded transcriptions) to read, but the accents are helpful when reading, even when not reading aloud.  

I have spent some time recently hunting for fonts that include all these glyphs.  

It will be important to be able to specify such fonts that include all the relevant glyphs in displaying them on WS or when downloading them in an epub;  do you know if that sort of thing is doable here?  (I think a lot of it is a browser problem.)  

Should we move or copy these discussions to someplace more publicly visible?  I would suggest the Category you created, unless that is supposed to be limited to discussions about the Category itself.  Or anywhere else suitable.  

Did you ever find the unicodes for ℣ and ℟ ?  Would the results of my research into these various glyphs and the fonts that display them be useful to you? [[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Laura1822|disputatio]]) 20:56, 23 Octobris 2025 (UTC)  

:Hi @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]]
:There is a lot here! And yes we can find a better place to discuss this.
:(1) Church accents: these you want to preferve in the mainspace (not transcription) pages that people see, so just use the characters as-is. ie á é í ó ú. Then ǽ poses a bit of a problem. You could either  leave æ  in place on mainspace pages for consistency, or just accent ǽ. These accents as you know are to indicate stress, so are as you say an aid to speaking, which explains their absence in the small print. Likewise, with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ you should leave these in place.
:I can see that this poses a problem for some users tho, who might not have fonts containing ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .
:(2) Fonts: the idea with the templates is that users never see the abbreviations unless they want to. So for most people, they will not see them. Compare [[Pagina:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu/8]] (transcription page) with [[Ars_Memorativa_Gulielmi_Leporei_Avallonensis/Gulielmus_Leporeus_Domino_Gulielmo_Iornoer]] (mainspace). users will look at the second of these, normally at least. These aren't set up yet for [[Arra aeternae salutis]] or [[Missale Romanum (1496)]]. Let me know if you'd like help with that so you can see better how this is working for your transcriptions.
:I have developed a means to toggle the abbreviations in the mainspace.
:(3) Installation of fonts on Wikisource / ebooks: this ought to be doable, it's there for blackletter scripts I think. It's more relevant if the characters are visible in mainspace. Transcriptions (Liber / Pagina) don't matter so much to users. But of course for your Missal with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠, these are needed. Interesting that these were preserved!
:(4) We can use the category for discussions for now; some point I should write up the whole system especially if you or others are using it. I know the documentation for the templates has slipped a bit. Regarding ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ in the Missal, the best place to have this discussion is at [[Vicifons:Scriptorium]]; I will open something up there for you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:33, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

p.s.  ''Thank you'' for the several pages you edited of ''Arra Aeternis''!!
:No problem! Happy to help some more if it's useful! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:35, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== ꝓ is always pro, never prae or pre ==

I have already checked and corrected the instances were [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ|rae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; were used instead of [[Formula:pro|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]]. I also updated the [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; template]].

I suggest you update your [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|javascript]] so to not commit this mistake. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 17:36, 5 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks very much, will amend! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:03, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== Last year's &lt;s&gt;sins&lt;/s&gt; typoes ==

(Btw: Congratulations!)

Last year you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82]] and 
[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=236403 introduced] {{tlx|-|ost}} into the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas

Separately you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198]] and [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=236544 added] {{tlx|-|itu}} near the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.

It seems that someone then copied you and made a similar change to [[Pagina:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae (Romberch de Kyrspe).djvu/13]] 
::&lt;nowiki&gt;opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis:&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis

The formula/template {{tlx|-}} is a redirect to {{tlx|clear}}. The effect of these uses of {{tlx|clear}} is as though someone had put a linebreak &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the text. The first example above produces
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear:ost;&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Can you look at these three instances (which are the only ones found using a search for insource:/[{][{]-[|]/ ) and try and figure out what was intended? That is, what formula/template was meant to be used?

'''Oh!''', was it supposed to be {{tlx|~}} ?
::&lt;nowiki&gt;n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a

Ahh, fixed the linebreak thing in all three pages and then two books they showed up in:
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Secundus/Capitulum_1]]
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Quartus/Capitulum_1]]

Can you explain...
:are you trying to make the pagina: view look as close to the page image as possible,
:but then trying to have the final text view have all the abbreviations expanded?
[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], yes: the idea is this:
:* to preserve the original marking so these are available to users, scholars etc; 
:* to provide templates for the character switches that are fairly readable when transcribing; 
:* to enable the user to OCR the original scribal conventions and automatically replace them with these templates;
:* to ensure a modern reader can get something closer to modern orthography
:* to allow a modern reader to be able to choose between these two views using javascript
:The procedures for easing scanning, adding the templates and installing toggling views etc can now be found on the category page at present. See [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:39, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

::So reviewing that list something popped out for {{tl|c̃}} - it was showing up in the second column as &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;. I [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:C%CC%83&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=270942 fixed] the extra '&gt;'. But it still shows up as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
::{{tl|c̃}} is only used once, in page [[Pagina:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu/9]], as 
:::&lt;nowiki&gt;cu{{c̃|nc}}tum&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Notice the supplied parameter.
::Comparing {{tl|Õ}} with {{tl|c̃}} I see the former has code for checking whether a parameter has been supplied, whereas the latter _requires_ a parameter.
:::{{tl|Õ}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|õ|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::{{tl|c̃}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|c̃|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Different again, {{tl|m̃}} has another way of allowing a default:
:::{{tl|m̃}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|m̃|{{{1|em}}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Anyway, as is, without a parameter given in the [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] list, {{tl|c̃}} shows up badly.
::Is there no good default for {{tl|c̃}} ?
::Also, when it says 'usor' in the third column, what does that mean?
::[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:11, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


::While checking those other formulas, I found something weird. Trying to use &lt;code&gt;data-original-form=&quot;&quot;&lt;/code&gt; everywhere is causing problems. These formulas are combining badly.
::Check this page [[Pagina:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu/11]] and where it is included [[Ars_Memorativa_Gulielmi_Leporei_Avallonensis/Liber_I/Caput_Primum]]. Search for &quot;class=&quot;. HTML has bled out onto the view.
::Experimenting, it seems to be when the first parameter to {{tl|scr}} has text containing one of these formulae, like {{tl|s}}.
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ|Philosopho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ|Philosopho}}
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ|Philo{{s}}opho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ|Philo{{s}}opho}}
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ{{s}}|Philosopho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ{{s}}|Philosopho}}
::The use of &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;data-original-form=&quot;{{{1}}}&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; in {{tl|scr}} is receiving the generated HTML within the &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;{{{1}}}&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::I have no clue what to do about this. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::Thank you, I will sort as soon as I can, hopefully tomorrow. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 23:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>c0bxfnhliwd816glovtx7jvhtr4rsza</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270954</id>
      <parentid>270950</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T23:49:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Last year's sins typoes */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>270954</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64904" sha1="7kb9c0u0i7q6889ki3qrg5jj1mk8o5t" xml:space="preserve">== Salve! ==

{{Salve}}[[Usor:Zyephyrus|Zyephyrus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Zyephyrus|disputatio]]) 14:24, 16 Augusti 2019 (UTC)

== span ==

please wait to add &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;ws-cover&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the pages; I will add a parameter for that in the revised [[Formula:Titulus]]. just give me some time till monday :) --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 07:57, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
:Sure :) was just seeing if it works on other exports – I will remove once I've exported one or two. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:58, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
::ok, it was just to be sure :). the template will have a parameter ''Frons='' to specify the (eventual) cover page, like [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=De_antiquissima_Italorum_sapientia&amp;type=revision&amp;diff=126321&amp;oldid=126320 this] (seems to work). now, we have to understand why the export fails with pdf, and how/if we can center the resulting image... --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 08:26, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)

== [[:meta:Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement|Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement]] ==

hi, I just wanted to inform you that at the link above on Meta they are looking for comments or feedbacks about the export of Wikisource contents as ebooks; since you seemed interested in the matter, feel free to join the conversation there if you want :) have a nice day, --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 11:57, 28 Maii 2020 (UTC)
:Thanks! Will take a look. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:30, 17 Iunii 2020 (UTC)

== Colloquia Erasmi ==
Salve! Optime fecisti quod transcriptionem Colloquiorum aggressus es, quo in opere libenter te adjuvabo. Qui in Vicifonte tiro sim, dubius sum: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Disputatio_Libri:Erasmi_Colloquia_Familiaria_Et_Encomium_Moriae.djvu Etiam nescio quam ob rem efficere non possum ut alter dialogus in propria pagina appareat: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Colloquia_familiaria/Epithalamium_Petri_Aegidii --[[Usor:Quasus|Quasus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Quasus|disputatio]]) 19:10, 16 Septembris 2020 (UTC)
:{{at||Quasus}} Salve Quaese! Et multas gratias! Corrigo hoc paginam, et addere aliquae notae formatae. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]])

== We sent you an e-mail ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}},

Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled &quot;The Community Insights survey is coming!&quot;. If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. 

You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]].

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 18:52, 25 Septembris 2020 (UTC)
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==De italico==

Typographi me docebant numquam voces Graecas scriptura italica (''sic'') designare; nam scriptura Graeca usitata ipsa per se italica est. In libro, quem transcribimus, verba Graeca non italico designata sunt, — ipsa scriptura italica est. Sed si putas sic recte esse, cum continuero, designabo Graeca italico. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:03, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Demetrius Talpa}} Puto tu recte dicis; formae litterae in libro sunt quasi-italicae, sed nescio quomodo litterae graeciae sint. Non est magni momenti! Possumus eligere formam te putare recte esse. Et multas gratias! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:08, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)

== Ora Maritima: English or Latin? ==

I've added Sonnenschein's ''[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Ora_Maritima.djvu Ora Maritima]'' to Wikisource. I accidentally added it to the English namespace. I'm not sure I was wrong, though. ''Ora Maritima'' has a lot of exercises and so on that are written in English. So I'm not sure whether to view it as a Latin book with English bits or an English book about Latin. What do you think? I'd like to get this resolved before I start editing the pages, because I think migrating it across namespaces will be a pain if there are a lot of pages to move. [[Usor:Persimmon and Hazelnut|Persimmon and Hazelnut]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Persimmon and Hazelnut|disputatio]]) 15:30, 7 Octobris 2021 (UTC)
:Hi {{ping|Persimmon and Hazelnut}} I think the case is arguable either way; things are a bit more relaxed here but there are more users at en.ws; maybe ask on their forum before pressing ahead? Either way I will try to give you a bit of help with it. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:36, 9 Octobris 2021 (UTC)

== Suggestion ==

Hello! How are you?

My name is Erick, I'm from Brazil, and I have added this [[:oldwikisource:Reproduction fac-similé d'un dessin (Bartholomeu Lourenço de Gusmão)/Delineatio machinæ artificiosæ|work]] by [[Scriptor:Bartholomæus de Gusmão|Bartolomeu de Gusmão]] at the Multilingual Wikisource, since it is pretty much a French-Latin bilingual book. You might find it interesting and, if possible, I would like to know if the writing &quot;Bartholomæus de Gusmão&quot; (at the &quot;Scriptor&quot; page) is correct. He was a quite fascinating character and also mastered the Latin-language (I have tried to find more Latin-language versions of his works online, but to no avail). I've found the Latin-language quite interesting, and I hope to learn it enough for reading and writing some day (but grammar lessons don't really work with me) to edit here and in the Latin Wiki. Cheers! [[Usor:Erick Soares3|Erick Soares3]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erick Soares3|disputatio]]) 00:11, 16 Novembris 2024 (UTC)

== Epistulae ==

Hi, I'm asking for help/ideas here. Sorry for not writing in Latin, but creating original Latin texts is a bit out of my league. I got a book with scans and transcriptions of letters between Johann Scopoli and Carl Linnae, two famous biologists. I've started transcribing these letters (only those of Scopoli, so far) at [[Epistulae ad Carolum Linnaeum (Ioannes Antonius Scopoli)]]. I am wondering, since there is a lot of letters if there's a better way to organise them (I still have to do ie. text placement on the already transcribed ones). I was thinking to maybe make a disambiguation type page which would contain a list of all letters? Or would standalone pages be more appropriate? Anyhow, thanks for your response! Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 21:00, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, yes usually an index page with links to the letters would make sense. See [[Epistulae (Marcus Tullius Cicero)]] for example. Is the source in the public domain or only the contents of the letters btw? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:13, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::Even though the book isn’t old, I believe they are public domain. Scans do not renew copyright in Slovenia and a known author died before 1945, so they should be in public domain (book was made in Slovenia, hence Slovene copyright laws apply). Translations are likely copyrightable, as is the introduction. Don’t worry, I’m not uploading these, just letters :) If anything is wrong, please let me know. Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 09:42, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure, I was just wondering whether there was a reason for not uploading the source document. If this is included and linked, this helps with provenance, double proof reading and long term error correction. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:41, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::I believe I could upload scanned scans of letters, but once in the future since I'm a bit occupied with other more important things onwiki. Thanks for your help! Stay safe, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 13:45, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I uploaded the first letter at [[:File:Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760).pdf]], but I have a little problem when referencing it at [[Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760)]] (throws an error that the index page wasn't created yet, which is expected). Since not the whole book is in Latin nor is in public domain, is there a way to connect both the Wikisource page with the scanned PDF? Thanks a lot, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi there, yes this all very non-obvious. I have linked the transcription; you use &quot;Liber:filename&quot;; and then add at least &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the fields. Pagelist has lots of options, so you can exclude pages and number them in specific ways.
::::::Then, on the compiled public pages, you need to reference the pages you want from the ''Liber'' you want. You can probably use multiple ''Liberi'', or else you can add pages to your PDF by adding new versions to WP Commons on the same file page (ie, '''replace''' the file, rather than create new copies with new file names). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:03, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I see you have done most of this at [[:Liber:Scopoli-1777 Introductio ad historiam naturalem.pdf]], except for setting up a public / compiled version. usually the transcription is not viewed as the &quot;final&quot; product; the pages are set up as just HTML, eg ''[[De Principe]]'' which compiles the transcription made at [[:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf]]; this allows export and easier reading, etc. Hope that helps! Also pages of a finished book need to sit underneath the main book page, so that export to epub PDF etc works correctly. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:15, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Many thanks for your response! [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 07:20, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)

== [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]] ==

Thank you so much for your interest and assistance. With the help of Google Translate and other ai tool, the text now makes sense. 

I hope you're not too busy and we can manage to finish it within a month or two.

Best regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:36, 19 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, no problem and sure, the timescale depends really how much prep you can do on the pages before I proof them. The more coherent they are, the easier it is for me to tidy them up. I appreciate tho it might be a lot of work for you to get to the standard you had for the first couple of pages. Let me know how you want to approach it; I do have other things on (eg, [[De Principe]], but if the pages are fairly tidy, doing two or three of pages a day on average is quite possible. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:27, 20 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Hi,
::Here a another copy of the book Foenix
::* https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00001198-001/page/n11/mode/1up
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:43, 22 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::It's slow going, but we're making progress. Have a look when you get a chance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:50, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Will do, can you take a look at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/30|page 30]] again when you have a chance? The second part got forgot :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:52, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I am cross referencing the text using the other copies as guide. So it will take a while.
::::# [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Phoenix (Petrus Ravennas, 1600).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 07:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::by the way this is the clearest copy to work on. So I need your help on this page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/20|20]]
:::::[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:03, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Do you want to pause and transfer the work to the new book, rather than work on two copies? It seems a waste of effort to transcribe both, if this version is clearer and easier. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:43, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Well this is done. So go ahead and check transcription and no need to work on the new book
:::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:24, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I am using the other copy to find mistake in the first one [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:39, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::OK, no problem, I will leave to you and work on the long edition. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:46, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Do you know the copy below contains two book in one ([[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]). 
:::::::::So, I am trying to finish ([[Foenix]]) first.
:::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:08, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::I spotted you have split these up. The second on looks a lot more troublesome, with the gothic font. Is it all set like that? And if so, is there another, easier copy to work off? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:10, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::There is another copy for (Congestorium Artificiose Memorie)
:::::::::::[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That looks about the same, in terms of typsetting, unless I have missed something. 
::::::::::::There is also a critical edition recently published, access to which would help. See [https://editorialsinderesis.com/wp-content/uploads/texto-the-congestorium-artificiose-memorie-.pdf this sample of the book]. You could [https://www.ujaen.es/departamentos/lycm/contactos/ramos-grane-marta contact the author via this page] and ask if they would be prepared to share their raw transcription? They might appreciate the interest and share the pain of doing this, and wish to save you the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:19, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Not sure if the author agree due to copyright by the publisher [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:38, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Sure, except:
::::::::::::::* the raw transcript is a literal copy of a public domain text and therefore not subject to copyright
::::::::::::::* as we would match the text to the PD document, this would ensure no copyright was infringed
::::::::::::::In any case, there is no harm in asking (and a lot to gain). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:40, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Also, another copy with more gothic font just in case
:::::::::::::* https://books.google.com/books?id=6XVSN-GYrl0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
:::::::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:47, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I can contact the author, if you prefer - let me know! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:51, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Yes that would be great [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Again, thank you for your support and assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:12, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I noticed that you left a &lt;!--chck--&gt; tag on pages [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/23|23]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/24|24]]. I reviewed those sections against another source on page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] and corrected some error. However, I'm unsure how to proceed with the other comment in the text and would appreciate your guidance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:59, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks; the main issue now is all the medieval style references, which need to be comprehensible for a modern reader. This will take some research and checking but it is not necessarily for you to do. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:06, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Excellent. When you have a moment, kindly take a look at page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] &lt;br&gt;[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I successfully removed hidden characters (such as hidden hyphens) from the text resulting from OCR processing. 
:::::::::I will now begin working on the second copy of the book &quot;[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]]&quot; 
:::::::::Second time's the charm. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:17, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Where do I do the proofing for ''Congestorium Artificiose Memorie''? Or is that paused? 
:On ''Foenix'', I will work through the various pages marked as ''problematic''. 
:Re page 21 of the second version of ''Foenix'', I don't understand the purpose of me proofing a second copy of this book, could you explain what you are trying to do? 
:I can work on one copy of a book, but I cannot help proofread two versions of the same thing. If it helps you, then you can do what you like of course, but my help has to be limited to one copy of each text. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:54, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::I don't know why some of the pages marked as ''problematic''. So I am trying find out from other copy [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 11:09, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure. I have marked them as problematic because they have contractions that I don't understand, or because the characters are sometimes hard to read - sit and fit look very similar, meaning &quot;it would be&quot; and &quot;it makes&quot;, roughly. I am going through the contractions asking ChatGPT or Claude what it makes of them. This is a task for me, which is easiest done this way. It is probably easiest if you let me reduce these to the very difficult to solve issues. There is one, at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/29|29]], where the contraction e. is unclear. This is his memory aid, but at this point you may need a Latin specialist and a mnemnonics specialist to make an educated guess! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:15, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::That is done now, first pass complete. One query, and maybe some assumptions on the abbreviations relating to the mnemnonics, particulary ''rotunda'' (''.r.'') which might be double checked. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:39, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::You might find ChatGPT or Claude helpful for transcription the '' Congestorium Artificiose Memorie'' [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:12, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi, see my comments at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] - the OCR tools here do a really good job, if you choose the right one. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:16, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:21, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::If this was what you have been doing on the other pages of this book then the results are very poor compared with Tesseract OCR which is nearly spot on [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I can btw give some simple instructions for importing and cleaning up the Tesseract OCR, which would be a lot of help for me to proof the result: Basically:
:::::* Import OCR
:::::* Using an external text tool, search and replace ſ for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}};&lt;/nowiki&gt; remove the line breaks and hyphen character (join the hyphened words together)
:::::*&lt;nowiki&gt; replace qꝫ with {{que}}, ⁊ with {{tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; etc
:::::[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:19, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::As above, looking at the prior work you had done, I don't think it is very helpful [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Whatever you did on Foenix was pretty decent, but the results on the second book are borderline nonsense at time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:24, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::It might just surprise you [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:26, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I just tried for [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|page 56]], which [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|I did withTesseract]] 
:::::::::I got this:
:::::::::&lt;blockquote&gt;
:::::::::simit doctois sollicitarione dum adolescentior
:::::::::esset in unum congesti libellum qui inde Lon-
:::::::::gestovium artificiose nemozatioe nomen sorti-
:::::::::tus est. Interposita itaq; per me appellatione
:::::::::cum devolveretur ad S. Apostolicam causā
:::::::::Jacobi hochstrassen inquisitoria contra *Spe-
:::::::::culum ocularezibq; inter cardinei cœtus vi-
:::::::::ros pecularius committeretur / veluti iuriscon-
:::::::::sultissimis: &amp; quod præcipuum erat: quia inter
:::::::::Theologicum agmen facile primatum tribit ve-
:::::::::dicasset vir alter eque acu (absq; iniuria di-
:::::::::cetur) quid nam fideri archodoceæ consentane
:::::::::um: quidue dissimum internoscere. Cumq;
:::::::::ille reverendissimus pater &amp; procurator age-
:::::::::ret apud Episcopum Spirē. factus apud
:::::::::Reuerendiff. Domi. tuam sollicitator con-
:::::::::sumptis aliquoties vigiliis abs te institit:
:::::::::dum indices vel rectius horarum edes tuas fre-
:::::::::quentares: tuo potissimum erant: quæ longe
:::::::::noscē molestiam nonnulli alleviarent: Impzi-
:::::::::mis quidem locorum arte Symonidis compa-
:::::::::ratio optaram in sum amplo spacioso perspicu-
:::::::::o tuo cum dissertinijs ad rem ipsam necessariijs
:::::::::exornatissimo palatio. Ne modo ut Liceronis
:::::::::est præcepto centum inibi concederentur lo-
:::::::::caverum penetrare que Ioan. M. Ischaelis
:::::::::&amp; Petrus ravennas: atq; alij suadent facillimē
:::::::::illuc coniurare liceret. Si quippe religiosorū
:::::::::domus Theologorum: Iuristarum / &amp; Medicorū
:::::::::/ Philosophorum: id genus hominum maiore
:::::::::nōs ingredi liberet quatenus inibi nobis loca
:::::::::vendicemus a Palatio tuo volefcius nulla ra&lt;/blockquote&gt;
:::::::::Tesseract picks up all of the weird characters, much, much better. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:30, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Here is a [[Usor:JimKillock/Transcribe_test|table showing a comparison for pge 57]]. Tesseract is doing much better and would save us both a lot of time, I am certain. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Hi there, Marta came back to say that she is contractually obliged not to share her transcription. 
::::::::::I played a bit more with the two transcription tools. I am not anti CHatGPT or anything, I use it for various things, but it is doing a lot worse than the scanning tools we have. This second book is a lot more old fashioned and uses a lot more medieval scribal contractions, which ChatGPT is not picking up (along with some other errors). See [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina%3AFoenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_%28Petrus%29_%28IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001%29.pdf%2F54&amp;diff=235384&amp;oldid=234977 this edit for example], where I replaced what you were able to do with ChatGPT with a Tesseract transcription. 
::::::::::If we go with Tesseract, and you can do the initial work, then I can commit to finishing the pages that way. If I have to work from ChatGPT output, without it being substantially cleaned up, I fear that will be too much work as I will just end up re-scanning the pages.  Considering how long this book is as well,  I will probably have to bow out at this point. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:55, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::I see your point, and you’re right. Also, I have a crazy idea — it just might work I need time to test it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 03:51, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KE4xEzFGSU8 [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 04:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That might be a stretch! I am njot sure it is needed, the error rate is not so high. The text we have is very close in style to what is known as a Latin [[:w:en:Incunabula|Incunabulum]]; ie early printed book, and the Tesseract Latin-Incunabula engine is trained on these kinds of books and fonts already.
::::::::::::There is another thing we can automate tho, which is the search and replace. Since a lot of the work is basically finding the characters long-s and son on, and replacing with a template, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}, {{et}}, {{tet}}, {{qui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, and so on, we could get a Wikimedia bot to work through the pages on the book,  and do all the replacements.
::::::::::::That would cut the time significantly, I think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Note that I am working on a bot for this. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::OK, so the folks at Wikisource helped write a js to do this for us. You can find my version of it at [[Usor:JimKillock/scribal.js]]. The first line of [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]] also needs to be included, to summon it. What this does is to clean up the output from the scan on the''' first save of the new page only'''.  This should speed up the process immensely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::okay, have look at page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/52|52]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/53|53]]
:::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it?
:::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? 
:::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:07, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it? - this looks good yes, altho the script would not work of course, as the page was already in existence.
::::::::::::::I corrected some templates which did not exist / were not needed. If in doubt, use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|origchar|result}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::::::::::::::I will vibecode a bash script to do the same job as the js tool, for the existing raw pages
::::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? Yes and yes
::::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; - It is what later became a ' mark - so it just means &quot;something missing follows&quot;. So we use&lt;nowiki&gt; {{Scr| ꝰ|us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:29, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::(we can add an {{us}} template tho, for readability etc - but not all 9's will be us), so IDK if we should transform it automatically) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:30, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::In fact it seems you are right and this is always -us, so I added it into the scripts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:51, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::[https://gist.github.com/JimKillock/853b4b8baf23bac5fd55b5499c1bf93a Here is a bash script] that will replace the characters automatically, not sure if you are familiar with using terminal scripts etc but it is not difficult. If made executable, and named as below, it would run with 
::::::::::::::&lt;code&gt;./wikimedia_transform.sh filename.txt&lt;/code&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
Checking in, if you want to help (and don't want to add transcriptions) you can format and check pages up to page 100. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:57, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:Update, I have {{exp|nearly}} done the first pass. Some of the layouts look quite hard work tho, with text on the sie o upside down. These might need to be images? SVGs? I am not sure. Let me know if you are still working on this, and how you feel able to help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:24, 4 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi there, I have listed the pages that I hope you or your friends can help format at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. Be good to hear from you, and know if you are still interested in finishing this project. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:12, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::I'm really sorry I haven’t been in touch—I was sick over the past few days and needed some time to rest and recover. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:33, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::No problem at all, hope you feel better. Let me know if you ate able to help with the page formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:35, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::Feeling better now—working on fixing the Header [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173|2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173]] 20:44, 7 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::I have create a table for the pages
::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 10:19, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::That's great, good to see progress on these. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:37, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi
::::::Two templates are required for this page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/216|216]] and possibly others.
::::::* &quot;Template:Upside down&quot;
::::::* &quot;Template:Transform-rotate&quot;
::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E]] 23:20, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK, copied across to &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Inversus}} {{Rotatus}}; and also {{Dsiplay}} was needed, at {{Ostensio}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:28, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::{{Inversus|Inversus}}, {{Rotatus|90|Rotatus}} [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:34, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Rotate has something wrong / missing, will investigate later or tomorrow [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:40, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::👍 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791]] 15:57, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::OK, it is working, in fact, but you need sytax like &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; giving &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;. See the documentation at [[Formula:Rotatus]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::you can also just use [[Formula:Littera rotata]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:17, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B|2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B]] 13:24, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Before I start splitting the book into chapters, please take a look at the table of contents I’ve created and share your feedback 
:::::::::::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.150.133|82.167.150.133]] 17:26, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Thanks, my only comment was to use forward slashes. Are you OK with the Wikimarkup around spltting pages, chapters etc? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::not a problem [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 17:37, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Like that [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae/Conclusio|Conclusio]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:14, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Have you thought of a fitting title for the opening section of the book?
:::::::::::::::from page 53 to 61 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:18, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::What do we have? Some poems (Poema) and some dedicatory letters (Epistolae). That would do for now I think? They can always be moved later, we could also check how Marta has done it, altho this is not obvious from the introductory chapters and contents page. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:37, 12 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.15.196|37.106.15.196]] 00:39, 2 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Ars Memorativa ==

Welcome back! I noticed you haven't been working on the [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] lately. It's perfectly fine to pause and take breaks from time to time.

In the meantime, would you be interested in working on another book together?

[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]]
Best Regret [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.2.89|37.106.2.89]] 03:40, 20 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, will take a look at this in a week or so, am busy this month tho. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:22, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 07:00, 27 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::So are you ready? [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.105.235.52|37.105.235.52]] 10:16, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi there, no I have some other things I need to do but will take a look mid September. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:34, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::::I hope you are doing well. 
::::Are you ready now? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:16, 23 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi there I can make a start and help but my time is a bit limited. Which of these is the higher priority? The shorter text might be more realistic. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:43, 26 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|The Ars Memorativa of Gulielmus Leporeus of Avallon]] may be accomplished in a short time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:12, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just apply the same approach you used last time to the entire book, and I’ll go through it to make adjustments. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:19, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK. Will start on this. Something to think about, especially if we go back to the longer text, we could consider doing a &quot;time / skills swap&quot;; for example I have a book here [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]]; and I have a text which is already transcribed which I need to copy paste back. I can provide the text in wiki format, and the page numbers are clearly marked. I could ask you to do the copy paste work in return for the time proof reading pages at [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. we don't have to be exact about the time, but could let erach other know a rough estimate of time given; this would help me feel like I am able to progress my projects while helping you, rather than having to choose not to do my own projects in order to help you. Let me know what you think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:58, 28 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Agreed on &quot;time / skills swap&quot; for both books
::::::::* [[Liber:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] 
::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
::::::::in exchange for transcribing 
::::::::* [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf|Nos in schola latine loquimur Ars latine loquendi]]
::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 03:00, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Ah great! it is just copy pasting; I will create a document with the text that needs moving over shortly. Thank you very much :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:16, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::15 pages everyday maybe by the next month it will be done. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 08:50, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Hi there, the text to copy is here: [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] - please note, use this text, rather than trasnscribing anew, as it is '''already proofed'''. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:55, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::Don’t worry, it’s easy for me to make a new transcription, better than just copying another text.[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 16:49, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Sure, but then I have extra working validating it? The text I have is checked. Unless you have a way to check your work against the copy I have? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:15, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I have completed 15 pages using my current approach. Could you review and validate it to determine if I should proceed further? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::https://www.diffchecker.com/text-compare/ [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 06:02, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Hi there, Ok carry on, you are doing a good job with the formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:48, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::I want to use [[en:Template:Overfloat image|Overfloat image]] template on [[Pagina:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu/7|page number 7]] but I didn't find it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 10:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Sure I can copy this across. I will take a look at the page and what you need to achieve. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:49, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::That's now available using &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Imago superposita}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. I haven't tested it, and please remember that text renders differently according to user preferences, so this will be very inexact. In the case of this title page, using Alt text could be a perfectly acceptable or preferable way of showing the page text and illutration. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Done.
::::::::::[[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:11, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::another [[en:Template:Scan page link]] is needed [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:15, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Added [[Formula:Nexus ad facsimile]]; but it might break, there are a lot of sub templates by the look of it. If you try it somewhere I can debug it and add whatever else is missing. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:05, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::I would like to include it in the table of contents to make it easier for me to review and jump to any chapter.
::::::::::::[[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/9|Table of Contents]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:10, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Can you set this up where you want it to work, eg put the transcription pages with the ToC on Liber page to list the contents, or make a book page with the ToC displayed on the page, so we can see if it works? The '''template applies differently to all three different spaces''', transcription page; Liber (transcription project) page; and mainspace (book), so we can only test it if it is displayed in all three contexts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:43, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I didn't understand what do you want me to do [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 11:47, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::The template is designed to work on content transcluded on Index (Liber) pages (see [[en:Template:Scan_page_link]]. I'm assuming you want to use the contents page on the Liber / Index page. It behaves differently when transcluded on the normal book pages. So you should set up the contents page transclusion on [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] and also at [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] so we can test it is all working (or not). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:49, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::I added it but it does not seem to be working; can you check and confirm? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:40, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::::Yes it does not work [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 23:24, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;s&gt;Two&lt;/s&gt; One formula&lt;s&gt;e&lt;/s&gt; to fix? ==

Noticed your talk page is listed in [[:Categoria:Formulae]]. Searched through the templates used on the talk page and found two with misplaced references to the category:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; 

Oh, wait, [[Formula:Exp]] is a redirect, and not a problem.

Could you fix up [[:Formula:Textus expunctus]] to put the category inside the noinclude
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
and then check your talk page disappears from [[:Categoria:Formulae]] ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:I think that is done, thank you! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:39, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Transcription request: Ars_Memorativa, Josephus Publicius ==

If it’s not too much trouble, could you please take some time to transcribe this book? You don’t need to make an exact transcription — just enough to get things started so that table of contents, images and decorative drop caps can be added.
I understand this is quite a big request, and I truly appreciate your patience, effort, and willingness to help make the content more accessible and visually.
*[[Liber:Ars_Oratoria._Ars_Epistolandi._Ars_Memorativa._(Publicio).djvu]]
[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 22:57, 14 Octobris 2025 (UTC
:I am only interested in the Ars Memorativa section ([[Pagina:Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa. (Publicio).djvu/111|page 111]] onward), in order to maintain a clear and focused scope. The remainder of the book may be considered at a later stage, if time permits. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:37, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi, can we keep topics to topic? You can request this with a new topic on my user page or on the discussion page for the book. Otherwise it gets really hard to keep track of what we are discussing and where to find things. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:27, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:The long and short of it is that it depends if you can help me in return. Some point I may find this a bit much, but for now it is OK and I do have other tasks that you could do in return in a skills - a time swap, even after you finish the Nos in Schola Latine Loquimur textbook. 
:I ran a couple of test pages of your new text through the OCR tool and they seem to have gone quite well.
:I am less keen on only doing part of the text though. I don't like leaving projects half done, but also I think the work itself is likely to work as a unit from a little reading around.
:I think we should complete the current [[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] book first though before considering taking on another one. 
:At the moment with the current book it takes me about 30-40 mins per page to correct the scan and check my work for errors via ChatGPT.  I have time this week so I might clear up the text by the end of the week. So that would be about 30 hours work for the current text, hopefully by the end of the week,  how is it going on your side? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:50, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::So far, the first part—copying and pasting the text into the corresponding pages—has been completed, which fulfills my part of our time and skills exchange. In addition, I’ve developed a script that automatically generates a table of contents for each chapter. And because I don’t like leaving projects unfinished, I’m now working on validating each page, which is the final step to complete the project.
::I’d also like to take this opportunity to thank you for the excellent job you did transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]—it really made the process much smoother and the content far more readable.
::For the next book, ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''., could you please use the script to extract the entire text for the whole book, just like you did before with ''Nos in schola Latine loquimur''? I’ll take care of copying and pasting the extracted text into the corresponding pages afterward. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:22, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Thank you. Because this will be a long project I think we should be clear and accountable with each other, so that the exchange is a fair one. What I am asking is whether you have spent or will have spent about 30 hours on the school book. The easiest way to estimate this is to estimate how long page scanning / and page validation takes for you per page.
:::If your work on the book takes longer than 30 hours, that is fine, and I will match it on the next transcription project. Once done, you can help me with another simple transcription job.
:::For me, it was taking about an hour per page but this has reduced to about 30-40 minutes. So I've estimated I've given you about 30 hours (it's probably more but don't worry about that)
:::On ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa,'' you could do the page extraction yourself, you don't need me to do this. You would however need to set up the scripts in your user page, and remember to choose the correct OCR model, but that is all. I can give you instructions on this if you like.
:::Otherwise I will get to this after I've done with the current book. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::I’m not completely sure, but it seems to be over 30 hours.
::::On 3 October 2025, I worked on transcribing pages from [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/190|176]] to [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/329|315]] between 01:26 and 23:14, which took roughly 11 hours including some breaks. You can verify this in the page history.
::::Now I’ll take my time to carefully validate the text on each page — hopefully one chapter per day.
::::It’s no big deal — I’m glad to help! And if there’s another simple transcription task similar to the previous one, I’d be happy to assist. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:55, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Once again, thank you for your kind assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 11:00, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks very much, that is good to hear! I'll wait until we are done with Nos In Schola before suggesting anything else. Do you want me to set up scripts in your user space so you can start work on ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''? Once they are added, you can just use the inbuilt OCR tools, and they will save with my templates for the scribal shorthand. Even tho you have a temporary account, this should all work. I can also give you screenshots and a guide so you can do the scanning. Let me know. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:21, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Many thanks for transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]. With the help of AI translation, I’m finally able to dive into its insights and discover the wisdom hidden within its pages.
::::::I’m still moving forward with my [[Liber:Nos_in_schola_latine_loquimur_-_Ars_latine_loquendi.pdf|current task]], though a bit slowly—about one chapter each day—as I also continue transcribing another [[Liber:Opera Latine Conscripta, Volume 2 (Bruno).djvu|memory book]]. It’s so much easier working with the printed text than trying to make sense of the handwritten one!
::::::By the way, your skill in reading and transcribing handwritten manuscripts is truly impressive. That’s such a rare talent, and it really brings these old works back to life. 
::::::You should definitely keep focusing on that—it’s a gift that few people have! [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|&amp;#126;2025-30550-29]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|talk]]) 00:27, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thanks, I hope you don't mind me saying that I can tell when AI has helped you with your messages! They are a bit too fulsome in their praise, which is one of the dangers of these tools, they mislead you about the strength of your own talents.
:::::::I noticed you'd found a new memory book to transcribe. I can certainly take a look at this when you are done. As you say working with more modern printing is much easier. Even  seventeenth and eighteenth century books are easier than the fifteenth / early sixteenth century texts you have been interested in.
:::::::I will keep going with the Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa, but need to try some other things meantime just to take a bit of a break. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:26, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)

== Ecclesiastical Latin  ==

Hello.  I've been taking a break.  I was just looking at the formulae you were working on for letters.  Still struggling with them a bit, but I will persevere.  

I was wondering if you had given any consideration to a way to display accents in &quot;Church Latin.&quot;  These are the acute marks showing where to place the accent when reading aloud, and are present in missals and many prayer books.  

á é í ó ú ǽ æ Æ Ǽ Œ œ and of course the Versicle and Response glyphs, ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .

Here is an example page:  [[:Pagina:Missale_Romanum_1862.djvu/301]]    

In a missal page like the above, some of the text, specifically the rubrics (instructions), do not include the accents, only the text meant to be spoken.  

These glyphs (and their display) is I think different from the abbreviations in incunabula and early printed works.  I think it will be a while before I am comfortable displaying the abbreviations (instead of their expanded transcriptions) to read, but the accents are helpful when reading, even when not reading aloud.  

I have spent some time recently hunting for fonts that include all these glyphs.  

It will be important to be able to specify such fonts that include all the relevant glyphs in displaying them on WS or when downloading them in an epub;  do you know if that sort of thing is doable here?  (I think a lot of it is a browser problem.)  

Should we move or copy these discussions to someplace more publicly visible?  I would suggest the Category you created, unless that is supposed to be limited to discussions about the Category itself.  Or anywhere else suitable.  

Did you ever find the unicodes for ℣ and ℟ ?  Would the results of my research into these various glyphs and the fonts that display them be useful to you? [[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Laura1822|disputatio]]) 20:56, 23 Octobris 2025 (UTC)  

:Hi @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]]
:There is a lot here! And yes we can find a better place to discuss this.
:(1) Church accents: these you want to preferve in the mainspace (not transcription) pages that people see, so just use the characters as-is. ie á é í ó ú. Then ǽ poses a bit of a problem. You could either  leave æ  in place on mainspace pages for consistency, or just accent ǽ. These accents as you know are to indicate stress, so are as you say an aid to speaking, which explains their absence in the small print. Likewise, with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ you should leave these in place.
:I can see that this poses a problem for some users tho, who might not have fonts containing ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .
:(2) Fonts: the idea with the templates is that users never see the abbreviations unless they want to. So for most people, they will not see them. Compare [[Pagina:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu/8]] (transcription page) with [[Ars_Memorativa_Gulielmi_Leporei_Avallonensis/Gulielmus_Leporeus_Domino_Gulielmo_Iornoer]] (mainspace). users will look at the second of these, normally at least. These aren't set up yet for [[Arra aeternae salutis]] or [[Missale Romanum (1496)]]. Let me know if you'd like help with that so you can see better how this is working for your transcriptions.
:I have developed a means to toggle the abbreviations in the mainspace.
:(3) Installation of fonts on Wikisource / ebooks: this ought to be doable, it's there for blackletter scripts I think. It's more relevant if the characters are visible in mainspace. Transcriptions (Liber / Pagina) don't matter so much to users. But of course for your Missal with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠, these are needed. Interesting that these were preserved!
:(4) We can use the category for discussions for now; some point I should write up the whole system especially if you or others are using it. I know the documentation for the templates has slipped a bit. Regarding ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ in the Missal, the best place to have this discussion is at [[Vicifons:Scriptorium]]; I will open something up there for you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:33, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

p.s.  ''Thank you'' for the several pages you edited of ''Arra Aeternis''!!
:No problem! Happy to help some more if it's useful! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:35, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== ꝓ is always pro, never prae or pre ==

I have already checked and corrected the instances were [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ|rae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; were used instead of [[Formula:pro|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]]. I also updated the [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; template]].

I suggest you update your [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|javascript]] so to not commit this mistake. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 17:36, 5 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks very much, will amend! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:03, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== Last year's &lt;s&gt;sins&lt;/s&gt; typoes ==

(Btw: Congratulations!)

Last year you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82]] and 
[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=236403 introduced] {{tlx|-|ost}} into the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas

Separately you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198]] and [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=236544 added] {{tlx|-|itu}} near the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.

It seems that someone then copied you and made a similar change to [[Pagina:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae (Romberch de Kyrspe).djvu/13]] 
::&lt;nowiki&gt;opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis:&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis

The formula/template {{tlx|-}} is a redirect to {{tlx|clear}}. The effect of these uses of {{tlx|clear}} is as though someone had put a linebreak &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the text. The first example above produces
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear:ost;&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Can you look at these three instances (which are the only ones found using a search for insource:/[{][{]-[|]/ ) and try and figure out what was intended? That is, what formula/template was meant to be used?

'''Oh!''', was it supposed to be {{tlx|~}} ?
::&lt;nowiki&gt;n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a

Ahh, fixed the linebreak thing in all three pages and then two books they showed up in:
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Secundus/Capitulum_1]]
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Quartus/Capitulum_1]]

Can you explain...
:are you trying to make the pagina: view look as close to the page image as possible,
:but then trying to have the final text view have all the abbreviations expanded?
[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], yes: the idea is this:
:* to preserve the original marking so these are available to users, scholars etc; 
:* to provide templates for the character switches that are fairly readable when transcribing; 
:* to enable the user to OCR the original scribal conventions and automatically replace them with these templates;
:* to ensure a modern reader can get something closer to modern orthography
:* to allow a modern reader to be able to choose between these two views using javascript
:The procedures for easing scanning, adding the templates and installing toggling views etc can now be found on the category page at present. See [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:39, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

::So reviewing that list something popped out for {{tl|c̃}} - it was showing up in the second column as &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;. I [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:C%CC%83&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=270942 fixed] the extra '&gt;'. But it still shows up as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
::{{tl|c̃}} is only used once, in page [[Pagina:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu/9]], as 
:::&lt;nowiki&gt;cu{{c̃|nc}}tum&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Notice the supplied parameter.
::Comparing {{tl|Õ}} with {{tl|c̃}} I see the former has code for checking whether a parameter has been supplied, whereas the latter _requires_ a parameter.
:::{{tl|Õ}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|õ|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::{{tl|c̃}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|c̃|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Different again, {{tl|m̃}} has another way of allowing a default:
:::{{tl|m̃}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|m̃|{{{1|em}}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Anyway, as is, without a parameter given in the [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] list, {{tl|c̃}} shows up badly.
::Is there no good default for {{tl|c̃}} ?
::Also, when it says 'usor' in the third column, what does that mean?
::[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:11, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


::While checking those other formulas, I found something weird. Trying to use &lt;code&gt;data-original-form=&quot;&quot;&lt;/code&gt; everywhere is causing problems. These formulas are combining badly.
::Check this page [[Pagina:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu/11]] and where it is included [[Ars_Memorativa_Gulielmi_Leporei_Avallonensis/Liber_I/Caput_Primum]]. Search for &quot;class=&quot;. HTML has bled out onto the view.
::Experimenting, it seems to be when the first parameter to {{tl|scr}} has text containing one of these formulae, like {{tl|s}}.
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ|Philosopho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ|Philosopho}}
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ|Philo{{s}}opho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ|Philo{{s}}opho}}
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ{{s}}|Philosopho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ{{s}}|Philosopho}}
::The use of &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;data-original-form=&quot;{{{1}}}&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; in {{tl|scr}} is receiving the generated HTML within the &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;{{{1}}}&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::I have no clue what to do about this. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::Thank you, I will sort as soon as I can, hopefully tomorrow. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 23:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::OK, that is partially fixed. I'll need to go through all those which might contain arbitrary text and do them a bit differently! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 23:49, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>7kb9c0u0i7q6889ki3qrg5jj1mk8o5t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270966</id>
      <parentid>270954</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T10:38:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Last year's sins typoes */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>270966</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65153" sha1="m964lz933thvsx20ry1l3jl9c74nfk5" xml:space="preserve">== Salve! ==

{{Salve}}[[Usor:Zyephyrus|Zyephyrus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Zyephyrus|disputatio]]) 14:24, 16 Augusti 2019 (UTC)

== span ==

please wait to add &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;ws-cover&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the pages; I will add a parameter for that in the revised [[Formula:Titulus]]. just give me some time till monday :) --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 07:57, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
:Sure :) was just seeing if it works on other exports – I will remove once I've exported one or two. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:58, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)
::ok, it was just to be sure :). the template will have a parameter ''Frons='' to specify the (eventual) cover page, like [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=De_antiquissima_Italorum_sapientia&amp;type=revision&amp;diff=126321&amp;oldid=126320 this] (seems to work). now, we have to understand why the export fails with pdf, and how/if we can center the resulting image... --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 08:26, 29 Aprilis 2020 (UTC)

== [[:meta:Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement|Community_Tech/Ebook_Export_Improvement]] ==

hi, I just wanted to inform you that at the link above on Meta they are looking for comments or feedbacks about the export of Wikisource contents as ebooks; since you seemed interested in the matter, feel free to join the conversation there if you want :) have a nice day, --[[Usor:Barbaking|Barbaking]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Barbaking|disputatio]]) 11:57, 28 Maii 2020 (UTC)
:Thanks! Will take a look. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:30, 17 Iunii 2020 (UTC)

== Colloquia Erasmi ==
Salve! Optime fecisti quod transcriptionem Colloquiorum aggressus es, quo in opere libenter te adjuvabo. Qui in Vicifonte tiro sim, dubius sum: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Disputatio_Libri:Erasmi_Colloquia_Familiaria_Et_Encomium_Moriae.djvu Etiam nescio quam ob rem efficere non possum ut alter dialogus in propria pagina appareat: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Colloquia_familiaria/Epithalamium_Petri_Aegidii --[[Usor:Quasus|Quasus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Quasus|disputatio]]) 19:10, 16 Septembris 2020 (UTC)
:{{at||Quasus}} Salve Quaese! Et multas gratias! Corrigo hoc paginam, et addere aliquae notae formatae. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]])

== We sent you an e-mail ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}},

Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled &quot;The Community Insights survey is coming!&quot;. If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. 

You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]].

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 18:52, 25 Septembris 2020 (UTC)
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==De italico==

Typographi me docebant numquam voces Graecas scriptura italica (''sic'') designare; nam scriptura Graeca usitata ipsa per se italica est. In libro, quem transcribimus, verba Graeca non italico designata sunt, — ipsa scriptura italica est. Sed si putas sic recte esse, cum continuero, designabo Graeca italico. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:03, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Demetrius Talpa}} Puto tu recte dicis; formae litterae in libro sunt quasi-italicae, sed nescio quomodo litterae graeciae sint. Non est magni momenti! Possumus eligere formam te putare recte esse. Et multas gratias! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:08, 17 Martii 2021 (UTC)

== Ora Maritima: English or Latin? ==

I've added Sonnenschein's ''[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Ora_Maritima.djvu Ora Maritima]'' to Wikisource. I accidentally added it to the English namespace. I'm not sure I was wrong, though. ''Ora Maritima'' has a lot of exercises and so on that are written in English. So I'm not sure whether to view it as a Latin book with English bits or an English book about Latin. What do you think? I'd like to get this resolved before I start editing the pages, because I think migrating it across namespaces will be a pain if there are a lot of pages to move. [[Usor:Persimmon and Hazelnut|Persimmon and Hazelnut]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Persimmon and Hazelnut|disputatio]]) 15:30, 7 Octobris 2021 (UTC)
:Hi {{ping|Persimmon and Hazelnut}} I think the case is arguable either way; things are a bit more relaxed here but there are more users at en.ws; maybe ask on their forum before pressing ahead? Either way I will try to give you a bit of help with it. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:36, 9 Octobris 2021 (UTC)

== Suggestion ==

Hello! How are you?

My name is Erick, I'm from Brazil, and I have added this [[:oldwikisource:Reproduction fac-similé d'un dessin (Bartholomeu Lourenço de Gusmão)/Delineatio machinæ artificiosæ|work]] by [[Scriptor:Bartholomæus de Gusmão|Bartolomeu de Gusmão]] at the Multilingual Wikisource, since it is pretty much a French-Latin bilingual book. You might find it interesting and, if possible, I would like to know if the writing &quot;Bartholomæus de Gusmão&quot; (at the &quot;Scriptor&quot; page) is correct. He was a quite fascinating character and also mastered the Latin-language (I have tried to find more Latin-language versions of his works online, but to no avail). I've found the Latin-language quite interesting, and I hope to learn it enough for reading and writing some day (but grammar lessons don't really work with me) to edit here and in the Latin Wiki. Cheers! [[Usor:Erick Soares3|Erick Soares3]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erick Soares3|disputatio]]) 00:11, 16 Novembris 2024 (UTC)

== Epistulae ==

Hi, I'm asking for help/ideas here. Sorry for not writing in Latin, but creating original Latin texts is a bit out of my league. I got a book with scans and transcriptions of letters between Johann Scopoli and Carl Linnae, two famous biologists. I've started transcribing these letters (only those of Scopoli, so far) at [[Epistulae ad Carolum Linnaeum (Ioannes Antonius Scopoli)]]. I am wondering, since there is a lot of letters if there's a better way to organise them (I still have to do ie. text placement on the already transcribed ones). I was thinking to maybe make a disambiguation type page which would contain a list of all letters? Or would standalone pages be more appropriate? Anyhow, thanks for your response! Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 21:00, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, yes usually an index page with links to the letters would make sense. See [[Epistulae (Marcus Tullius Cicero)]] for example. Is the source in the public domain or only the contents of the letters btw? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:13, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::Even though the book isn’t old, I believe they are public domain. Scans do not renew copyright in Slovenia and a known author died before 1945, so they should be in public domain (book was made in Slovenia, hence Slovene copyright laws apply). Translations are likely copyrightable, as is the introduction. Don’t worry, I’m not uploading these, just letters :) If anything is wrong, please let me know. Best regards, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 09:42, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure, I was just wondering whether there was a reason for not uploading the source document. If this is included and linked, this helps with provenance, double proof reading and long term error correction. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:41, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::I believe I could upload scanned scans of letters, but once in the future since I'm a bit occupied with other more important things onwiki. Thanks for your help! Stay safe, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 13:45, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I uploaded the first letter at [[:File:Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760).pdf]], but I have a little problem when referencing it at [[Epistula ad Carolum Linnaeum (1 Septembris 1760)]] (throws an error that the index page wasn't created yet, which is expected). Since not the whole book is in Latin nor is in public domain, is there a way to connect both the Wikisource page with the scanned PDF? Thanks a lot, [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi there, yes this all very non-obvious. I have linked the transcription; you use &quot;Liber:filename&quot;; and then add at least &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the fields. Pagelist has lots of options, so you can exclude pages and number them in specific ways.
::::::Then, on the compiled public pages, you need to reference the pages you want from the ''Liber'' you want. You can probably use multiple ''Liberi'', or else you can add pages to your PDF by adding new versions to WP Commons on the same file page (ie, '''replace''' the file, rather than create new copies with new file names). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:03, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I see you have done most of this at [[:Liber:Scopoli-1777 Introductio ad historiam naturalem.pdf]], except for setting up a public / compiled version. usually the transcription is not viewed as the &quot;final&quot; product; the pages are set up as just HTML, eg ''[[De Principe]]'' which compiles the transcription made at [[:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf]]; this allows export and easier reading, etc. Hope that helps! Also pages of a finished book need to sit underneath the main book page, so that export to epub PDF etc works correctly. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:15, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Many thanks for your response! [[Usor:A09|A09]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:A09|disputatio]]) 07:20, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)

== [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]] ==

Thank you so much for your interest and assistance. With the help of Google Translate and other ai tool, the text now makes sense. 

I hope you're not too busy and we can manage to finish it within a month or two.

Best regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:36, 19 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, no problem and sure, the timescale depends really how much prep you can do on the pages before I proof them. The more coherent they are, the easier it is for me to tidy them up. I appreciate tho it might be a lot of work for you to get to the standard you had for the first couple of pages. Let me know how you want to approach it; I do have other things on (eg, [[De Principe]], but if the pages are fairly tidy, doing two or three of pages a day on average is quite possible. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:27, 20 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Hi,
::Here a another copy of the book Foenix
::* https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00001198-001/page/n11/mode/1up
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:43, 22 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::It's slow going, but we're making progress. Have a look when you get a chance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:50, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Will do, can you take a look at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/30|page 30]] again when you have a chance? The second part got forgot :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:52, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I am cross referencing the text using the other copies as guide. So it will take a while.
::::# [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::# [[Liber:Phoenix (Petrus Ravennas, 1600).djvu|Phoenix]]
::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 07:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::by the way this is the clearest copy to work on. So I need your help on this page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/20|20]]
:::::[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 08:03, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Do you want to pause and transfer the work to the new book, rather than work on two copies? It seems a waste of effort to transcribe both, if this version is clearer and easier. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:43, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Well this is done. So go ahead and check transcription and no need to work on the new book
:::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:24, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I am using the other copy to find mistake in the first one [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 09:39, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::OK, no problem, I will leave to you and work on the long edition. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:46, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Do you know the copy below contains two book in one ([[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]). 
:::::::::So, I am trying to finish ([[Foenix]]) first.
:::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
:::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:08, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::I spotted you have split these up. The second on looks a lot more troublesome, with the gothic font. Is it all set like that? And if so, is there another, easier copy to work off? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:10, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::There is another copy for (Congestorium Artificiose Memorie)
:::::::::::[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That looks about the same, in terms of typsetting, unless I have missed something. 
::::::::::::There is also a critical edition recently published, access to which would help. See [https://editorialsinderesis.com/wp-content/uploads/texto-the-congestorium-artificiose-memorie-.pdf this sample of the book]. You could [https://www.ujaen.es/departamentos/lycm/contactos/ramos-grane-marta contact the author via this page] and ask if they would be prepared to share their raw transcription? They might appreciate the interest and share the pain of doing this, and wish to save you the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:19, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Not sure if the author agree due to copyright by the publisher [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:38, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Sure, except:
::::::::::::::* the raw transcript is a literal copy of a public domain text and therefore not subject to copyright
::::::::::::::* as we would match the text to the PD document, this would ensure no copyright was infringed
::::::::::::::In any case, there is no harm in asking (and a lot to gain). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:40, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Also, another copy with more gothic font just in case
:::::::::::::* https://books.google.com/books?id=6XVSN-GYrl0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
:::::::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:47, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I can contact the author, if you prefer - let me know! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:51, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Yes that would be great [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:54, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Again, thank you for your support and assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 10:12, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I noticed that you left a &lt;!--chck--&gt; tag on pages [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/23|23]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/24|24]]. I reviewed those sections against another source on page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] and corrected some error. However, I'm unsure how to proceed with the other comment in the text and would appreciate your guidance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:59, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks; the main issue now is all the medieval style references, which need to be comprehensible for a modern reader. This will take some research and checking but it is not necessarily for you to do. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:06, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Excellent. When you have a moment, kindly take a look at page [[Pagina:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu/21|21]] &lt;br&gt;[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:15, 29 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I successfully removed hidden characters (such as hidden hyphens) from the text resulting from OCR processing. 
:::::::::I will now begin working on the second copy of the book &quot;[[Liber:Foenix (Petrus Ravennas).djvu]]&quot; 
:::::::::Second time's the charm. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:17, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Where do I do the proofing for ''Congestorium Artificiose Memorie''? Or is that paused? 
:On ''Foenix'', I will work through the various pages marked as ''problematic''. 
:Re page 21 of the second version of ''Foenix'', I don't understand the purpose of me proofing a second copy of this book, could you explain what you are trying to do? 
:I can work on one copy of a book, but I cannot help proofread two versions of the same thing. If it helps you, then you can do what you like of course, but my help has to be limited to one copy of each text. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:54, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::I don't know why some of the pages marked as ''problematic''. So I am trying find out from other copy [[Specialis:Conlationes/195.47.234.225|195.47.234.225]] 11:09, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure. I have marked them as problematic because they have contractions that I don't understand, or because the characters are sometimes hard to read - sit and fit look very similar, meaning &quot;it would be&quot; and &quot;it makes&quot;, roughly. I am going through the contractions asking ChatGPT or Claude what it makes of them. This is a task for me, which is easiest done this way. It is probably easiest if you let me reduce these to the very difficult to solve issues. There is one, at [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/29|29]], where the contraction e. is unclear. This is his memory aid, but at this point you may need a Latin specialist and a mnemnonics specialist to make an educated guess! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:15, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::That is done now, first pass complete. One query, and maybe some assumptions on the abbreviations relating to the mnemnonics, particulary ''rotunda'' (''.r.'') which might be double checked. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:39, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::You might find ChatGPT or Claude helpful for transcription the '' Congestorium Artificiose Memorie'' [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:12, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi, see my comments at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] - the OCR tools here do a really good job, if you choose the right one. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:16, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:21, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::If this was what you have been doing on the other pages of this book then the results are very poor compared with Tesseract OCR which is nearly spot on [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I can btw give some simple instructions for importing and cleaning up the Tesseract OCR, which would be a lot of help for me to proof the result: Basically:
:::::* Import OCR
:::::* Using an external text tool, search and replace ſ for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}};&lt;/nowiki&gt; remove the line breaks and hyphen character (join the hyphened words together)
:::::*&lt;nowiki&gt; replace qꝫ with {{que}}, ⁊ with {{tet}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; etc
:::::[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:19, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just upload a page to ChatGPT and see what it comes up with!. Also ask for translation [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:22, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::As above, looking at the prior work you had done, I don't think it is very helpful [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Whatever you did on Foenix was pretty decent, but the results on the second book are borderline nonsense at time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:24, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::It might just surprise you [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 14:26, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::I just tried for [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|page 56]], which [[Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/56|I did withTesseract]] 
:::::::::I got this:
:::::::::&lt;blockquote&gt;
:::::::::simit doctois sollicitarione dum adolescentior
:::::::::esset in unum congesti libellum qui inde Lon-
:::::::::gestovium artificiose nemozatioe nomen sorti-
:::::::::tus est. Interposita itaq; per me appellatione
:::::::::cum devolveretur ad S. Apostolicam causā
:::::::::Jacobi hochstrassen inquisitoria contra *Spe-
:::::::::culum ocularezibq; inter cardinei cœtus vi-
:::::::::ros pecularius committeretur / veluti iuriscon-
:::::::::sultissimis: &amp; quod præcipuum erat: quia inter
:::::::::Theologicum agmen facile primatum tribit ve-
:::::::::dicasset vir alter eque acu (absq; iniuria di-
:::::::::cetur) quid nam fideri archodoceæ consentane
:::::::::um: quidue dissimum internoscere. Cumq;
:::::::::ille reverendissimus pater &amp; procurator age-
:::::::::ret apud Episcopum Spirē. factus apud
:::::::::Reuerendiff. Domi. tuam sollicitator con-
:::::::::sumptis aliquoties vigiliis abs te institit:
:::::::::dum indices vel rectius horarum edes tuas fre-
:::::::::quentares: tuo potissimum erant: quæ longe
:::::::::noscē molestiam nonnulli alleviarent: Impzi-
:::::::::mis quidem locorum arte Symonidis compa-
:::::::::ratio optaram in sum amplo spacioso perspicu-
:::::::::o tuo cum dissertinijs ad rem ipsam necessariijs
:::::::::exornatissimo palatio. Ne modo ut Liceronis
:::::::::est præcepto centum inibi concederentur lo-
:::::::::caverum penetrare que Ioan. M. Ischaelis
:::::::::&amp; Petrus ravennas: atq; alij suadent facillimē
:::::::::illuc coniurare liceret. Si quippe religiosorū
:::::::::domus Theologorum: Iuristarum / &amp; Medicorū
:::::::::/ Philosophorum: id genus hominum maiore
:::::::::nōs ingredi liberet quatenus inibi nobis loca
:::::::::vendicemus a Palatio tuo volefcius nulla ra&lt;/blockquote&gt;
:::::::::Tesseract picks up all of the weird characters, much, much better. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:30, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Here is a [[Usor:JimKillock/Transcribe_test|table showing a comparison for pge 57]]. Tesseract is doing much better and would save us both a lot of time, I am certain. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:23, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Hi there, Marta came back to say that she is contractually obliged not to share her transcription. 
::::::::::I played a bit more with the two transcription tools. I am not anti CHatGPT or anything, I use it for various things, but it is doing a lot worse than the scanning tools we have. This second book is a lot more old fashioned and uses a lot more medieval scribal contractions, which ChatGPT is not picking up (along with some other errors). See [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina%3AFoenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_%28Petrus%29_%28IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001%29.pdf%2F54&amp;diff=235384&amp;oldid=234977 this edit for example], where I replaced what you were able to do with ChatGPT with a Tesseract transcription. 
::::::::::If we go with Tesseract, and you can do the initial work, then I can commit to finishing the pages that way. If I have to work from ChatGPT output, without it being substantially cleaned up, I fear that will be too much work as I will just end up re-scanning the pages.  Considering how long this book is as well,  I will probably have to bow out at this point. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:55, 30 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::I see your point, and you’re right. Also, I have a crazy idea — it just might work I need time to test it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 03:51, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KE4xEzFGSU8 [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 04:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::That might be a stretch! I am njot sure it is needed, the error rate is not so high. The text we have is very close in style to what is known as a Latin [[:w:en:Incunabula|Incunabulum]]; ie early printed book, and the Tesseract Latin-Incunabula engine is trained on these kinds of books and fonts already.
::::::::::::There is another thing we can automate tho, which is the search and replace. Since a lot of the work is basically finding the characters long-s and son on, and replacing with a template, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}, {{et}}, {{tet}}, {{qui}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, and so on, we could get a Wikimedia bot to work through the pages on the book,  and do all the replacements.
::::::::::::That would cut the time significantly, I think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:01, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Note that I am working on a bot for this. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::OK, so the folks at Wikisource helped write a js to do this for us. You can find my version of it at [[Usor:JimKillock/scribal.js]]. The first line of [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]] also needs to be included, to summon it. What this does is to clean up the output from the scan on the''' first save of the new page only'''.  This should speed up the process immensely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:46, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::okay, have look at page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/52|52]] and [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/53|53]]
:::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it?
:::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? 
:::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 02:07, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Is this the right way to do it? - this looks good yes, altho the script would not work of course, as the page was already in existence.
::::::::::::::I corrected some templates which did not exist / were not needed. If in doubt, use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|origchar|result}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::::::::::::::I will vibecode a bash script to do the same job as the js tool, for the existing raw pages
::::::::::::::Just to confirm—are ¶ and ꝰ meant to be part of the text? Yes and yes
::::::::::::::Also, it seems ꝰ short for &quot;us&quot; - It is what later became a ' mark - so it just means &quot;something missing follows&quot;. So we use&lt;nowiki&gt; {{Scr| ꝰ|us}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:29, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::(we can add an {{us}} template tho, for readability etc - but not all 9's will be us), so IDK if we should transform it automatically) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:30, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::In fact it seems you are right and this is always -us, so I added it into the scripts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:51, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::[https://gist.github.com/JimKillock/853b4b8baf23bac5fd55b5499c1bf93a Here is a bash script] that will replace the characters automatically, not sure if you are familiar with using terminal scripts etc but it is not difficult. If made executable, and named as below, it would run with 
::::::::::::::&lt;code&gt;./wikimedia_transform.sh filename.txt&lt;/code&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 2 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
Checking in, if you want to help (and don't want to add transcriptions) you can format and check pages up to page 100. --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:57, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:Update, I have {{exp|nearly}} done the first pass. Some of the layouts look quite hard work tho, with text on the sie o upside down. These might need to be images? SVGs? I am not sure. Let me know if you are still working on this, and how you feel able to help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:24, 4 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi there, I have listed the pages that I hope you or your friends can help format at [[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. Be good to hear from you, and know if you are still interested in finishing this project. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:12, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::I'm really sorry I haven’t been in touch—I was sick over the past few days and needed some time to rest and recover. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 11:33, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::No problem at all, hope you feel better. Let me know if you ate able to help with the page formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:35, 5 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::Feeling better now—working on fixing the Header [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173|2A00:5400:E139:99B:844E:A3D1:3C0D:7173]] 20:44, 7 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::I have create a table for the pages
::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 10:19, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::That's great, good to see progress on these. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:37, 8 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi
::::::Two templates are required for this page [[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/216|216]] and possibly others.
::::::* &quot;Template:Upside down&quot;
::::::* &quot;Template:Transform-rotate&quot;
::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:79A7:F703:B7EE:932E]] 23:20, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK, copied across to &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Inversus}} {{Rotatus}}; and also {{Dsiplay}} was needed, at {{Ostensio}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:28, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::{{Inversus|Inversus}}, {{Rotatus|90|Rotatus}} [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:34, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Rotate has something wrong / missing, will investigate later or tomorrow [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:40, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::👍 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C075:F9CC:DBAD:4791]] 15:57, 10 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::OK, it is working, in fact, but you need sytax like &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; giving &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|0}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|20}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|40}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.4em; {{Rotatus|60}}&quot;&gt;∫&lt;/span&gt;. See the documentation at [[Formula:Rotatus]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::you can also just use [[Formula:Littera rotata]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:17, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B|2A00:5400:E139:99B:3546:C2D1:DC9E:345B]] 13:24, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Before I start splitting the book into chapters, please take a look at the table of contents I’ve created and share your feedback 
:::::::::::::[[Disputatio:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.150.133|82.167.150.133]] 17:26, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Thanks, my only comment was to use forward slashes. Are you OK with the Wikimarkup around spltting pages, chapters etc? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::not a problem [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 17:37, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Like that [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae/Conclusio|Conclusio]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:14, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Have you thought of a fitting title for the opening section of the book?
:::::::::::::::from page 53 to 61 [[Specialis:Conlationes/2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E|2A00:5400:E139:99B:C543:505F:553A:813E]] 18:18, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::What do we have? Some poems (Poema) and some dedicatory letters (Epistolae). That would do for now I think? They can always be moved later, we could also check how Marta has done it, altho this is not obvious from the introductory chapters and contents page. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:37, 12 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.15.196|37.106.15.196]] 00:39, 2 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Ars Memorativa ==

Welcome back! I noticed you haven't been working on the [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]] lately. It's perfectly fine to pause and take breaks from time to time.

In the meantime, would you be interested in working on another book together?

[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]]
Best Regret [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.106.2.89|37.106.2.89]] 03:40, 20 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, will take a look at this in a week or so, am busy this month tho. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:22, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::Great [[Specialis:Conlationes/91.198.251.56|91.198.251.56]] 07:00, 27 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::So are you ready? [[Specialis:Conlationes/37.105.235.52|37.105.235.52]] 10:16, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi there, no I have some other things I need to do but will take a look mid September. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:34, 29 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::::I hope you are doing well. 
::::Are you ready now? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:16, 23 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Hi there I can make a start and help but my time is a bit limited. Which of these is the higher priority? The shorter text might be more realistic. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:43, 26 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::[[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|The Ars Memorativa of Gulielmus Leporeus of Avallon]] may be accomplished in a short time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:12, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Just apply the same approach you used last time to the entire book, and I’ll go through it to make adjustments. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:19, 27 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::OK. Will start on this. Something to think about, especially if we go back to the longer text, we could consider doing a &quot;time / skills swap&quot;; for example I have a book here [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]]; and I have a text which is already transcribed which I need to copy paste back. I can provide the text in wiki format, and the page numbers are clearly marked. I could ask you to do the copy paste work in return for the time proof reading pages at [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]. we don't have to be exact about the time, but could let erach other know a rough estimate of time given; this would help me feel like I am able to progress my projects while helping you, rather than having to choose not to do my own projects in order to help you. Let me know what you think. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:58, 28 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Agreed on &quot;time / skills swap&quot; for both books
::::::::* [[Liber:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] 
::::::::* [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
::::::::in exchange for transcribing 
::::::::* [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf|Nos in schola latine loquimur Ars latine loquendi]]
::::::::[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 03:00, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Ah great! it is just copy pasting; I will create a document with the text that needs moving over shortly. Thank you very much :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:16, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::15 pages everyday maybe by the next month it will be done. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 08:50, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Hi there, the text to copy is here: [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] - please note, use this text, rather than trasnscribing anew, as it is '''already proofed'''. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:55, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::Don’t worry, it’s easy for me to make a new transcription, better than just copying another text.[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 16:49, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Sure, but then I have extra working validating it? The text I have is checked. Unless you have a way to check your work against the copy I have? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:15, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I have completed 15 pages using my current approach. Could you review and validate it to determine if I should proceed further? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::https://www.diffchecker.com/text-compare/ [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 06:02, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Hi there, Ok carry on, you are doing a good job with the formatting. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:48, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::I want to use [[en:Template:Overfloat image|Overfloat image]] template on [[Pagina:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu/7|page number 7]] but I didn't find it. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 10:11, 1 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Sure I can copy this across. I will take a look at the page and what you need to achieve. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:49, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::That's now available using &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Imago superposita}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. I haven't tested it, and please remember that text renders differently according to user preferences, so this will be very inexact. In the case of this title page, using Alt text could be a perfectly acceptable or preferable way of showing the page text and illutration. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::Done.
::::::::::[[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:11, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::another [[en:Template:Scan page link]] is needed [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 14:15, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::Added [[Formula:Nexus ad facsimile]]; but it might break, there are a lot of sub templates by the look of it. If you try it somewhere I can debug it and add whatever else is missing. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:05, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::I would like to include it in the table of contents to make it easier for me to review and jump to any chapter.
::::::::::::[[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/9|Table of Contents]] [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:10, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Can you set this up where you want it to work, eg put the transcription pages with the ToC on Liber page to list the contents, or make a book page with the ToC displayed on the page, so we can see if it works? The '''template applies differently to all three different spaces''', transcription page; Liber (transcription project) page; and mainspace (book), so we can only test it if it is displayed in all three contexts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:43, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::I didn't understand what do you want me to do [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|&amp;#126;2025-63305-8]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-63305-8|talk]]) 11:47, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::The template is designed to work on content transcluded on Index (Liber) pages (see [[en:Template:Scan_page_link]]. I'm assuming you want to use the contents page on the Liber / Index page. It behaves differently when transcluded on the normal book pages. So you should set up the contents page transclusion on [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] and also at [[Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi]] so we can test it is all working (or not). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:49, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::I added it but it does not seem to be working; can you check and confirm? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:40, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::::Yes it does not work [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 23:24, 7 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;s&gt;Two&lt;/s&gt; One formula&lt;s&gt;e&lt;/s&gt; to fix? ==

Noticed your talk page is listed in [[:Categoria:Formulae]]. Searched through the templates used on the talk page and found two with misplaced references to the category:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; 

Oh, wait, [[Formula:Exp]] is a redirect, and not a problem.

Could you fix up [[:Formula:Textus expunctus]] to put the category inside the noinclude
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
and then check your talk page disappears from [[:Categoria:Formulae]] ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:I think that is done, thank you! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:39, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Transcription request: Ars_Memorativa, Josephus Publicius ==

If it’s not too much trouble, could you please take some time to transcribe this book? You don’t need to make an exact transcription — just enough to get things started so that table of contents, images and decorative drop caps can be added.
I understand this is quite a big request, and I truly appreciate your patience, effort, and willingness to help make the content more accessible and visually.
*[[Liber:Ars_Oratoria._Ars_Epistolandi._Ars_Memorativa._(Publicio).djvu]]
[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 22:57, 14 Octobris 2025 (UTC
:I am only interested in the Ars Memorativa section ([[Pagina:Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa. (Publicio).djvu/111|page 111]] onward), in order to maintain a clear and focused scope. The remainder of the book may be considered at a later stage, if time permits. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 01:37, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi, can we keep topics to topic? You can request this with a new topic on my user page or on the discussion page for the book. Otherwise it gets really hard to keep track of what we are discussing and where to find things. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:27, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:The long and short of it is that it depends if you can help me in return. Some point I may find this a bit much, but for now it is OK and I do have other tasks that you could do in return in a skills - a time swap, even after you finish the Nos in Schola Latine Loquimur textbook. 
:I ran a couple of test pages of your new text through the OCR tool and they seem to have gone quite well.
:I am less keen on only doing part of the text though. I don't like leaving projects half done, but also I think the work itself is likely to work as a unit from a little reading around.
:I think we should complete the current [[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu|Ars Memorativa]] book first though before considering taking on another one. 
:At the moment with the current book it takes me about 30-40 mins per page to correct the scan and check my work for errors via ChatGPT.  I have time this week so I might clear up the text by the end of the week. So that would be about 30 hours work for the current text, hopefully by the end of the week,  how is it going on your side? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:50, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::So far, the first part—copying and pasting the text into the corresponding pages—has been completed, which fulfills my part of our time and skills exchange. In addition, I’ve developed a script that automatically generates a table of contents for each chapter. And because I don’t like leaving projects unfinished, I’m now working on validating each page, which is the final step to complete the project.
::I’d also like to take this opportunity to thank you for the excellent job you did transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]—it really made the process much smoother and the content far more readable.
::For the next book, ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''., could you please use the script to extract the entire text for the whole book, just like you did before with ''Nos in schola Latine loquimur''? I’ll take care of copying and pasting the extracted text into the corresponding pages afterward. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 07:22, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Thank you. Because this will be a long project I think we should be clear and accountable with each other, so that the exchange is a fair one. What I am asking is whether you have spent or will have spent about 30 hours on the school book. The easiest way to estimate this is to estimate how long page scanning / and page validation takes for you per page.
:::If your work on the book takes longer than 30 hours, that is fine, and I will match it on the next transcription project. Once done, you can help me with another simple transcription job.
:::For me, it was taking about an hour per page but this has reduced to about 30-40 minutes. So I've estimated I've given you about 30 hours (it's probably more but don't worry about that)
:::On ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa,'' you could do the page extraction yourself, you don't need me to do this. You would however need to set up the scripts in your user page, and remember to choose the correct OCR model, but that is all. I can give you instructions on this if you like.
:::Otherwise I will get to this after I've done with the current book. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:06, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::I’m not completely sure, but it seems to be over 30 hours.
::::On 3 October 2025, I worked on transcribing pages from [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/190|176]] to [[Pagina:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf/329|315]] between 01:26 and 23:14, which took roughly 11 hours including some breaks. You can verify this in the page history.
::::Now I’ll take my time to carefully validate the text on each page — hopefully one chapter per day.
::::It’s no big deal — I’m glad to help! And if there’s another simple transcription task similar to the previous one, I’d be happy to assist. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 10:55, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Once again, thank you for your kind assistance. [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|&amp;#126;2025-68940-4]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-68940-4|talk]]) 11:00, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks very much, that is good to hear! I'll wait until we are done with Nos In Schola before suggesting anything else. Do you want me to set up scripts in your user space so you can start work on ''Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa''? Once they are added, you can just use the inbuilt OCR tools, and they will save with my templates for the scribal shorthand. Even tho you have a temporary account, this should all work. I can also give you screenshots and a guide so you can do the scanning. Let me know. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:21, 15 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::::Many thanks for transcribing [[Ars Memorativa Gulielmi Leporei Avallonensis]]. With the help of AI translation, I’m finally able to dive into its insights and discover the wisdom hidden within its pages.
::::::I’m still moving forward with my [[Liber:Nos_in_schola_latine_loquimur_-_Ars_latine_loquendi.pdf|current task]], though a bit slowly—about one chapter each day—as I also continue transcribing another [[Liber:Opera Latine Conscripta, Volume 2 (Bruno).djvu|memory book]]. It’s so much easier working with the printed text than trying to make sense of the handwritten one!
::::::By the way, your skill in reading and transcribing handwritten manuscripts is truly impressive. That’s such a rare talent, and it really brings these old works back to life. 
::::::You should definitely keep focusing on that—it’s a gift that few people have! [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|&amp;#126;2025-30550-29]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-30550-29|talk]]) 00:27, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thanks, I hope you don't mind me saying that I can tell when AI has helped you with your messages! They are a bit too fulsome in their praise, which is one of the dangers of these tools, they mislead you about the strength of your own talents.
:::::::I noticed you'd found a new memory book to transcribe. I can certainly take a look at this when you are done. As you say working with more modern printing is much easier. Even  seventeenth and eighteenth century books are easier than the fifteenth / early sixteenth century texts you have been interested in.
:::::::I will keep going with the Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa, but need to try some other things meantime just to take a bit of a break. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:26, 3 Novembris 2025 (UTC)

== Ecclesiastical Latin  ==

Hello.  I've been taking a break.  I was just looking at the formulae you were working on for letters.  Still struggling with them a bit, but I will persevere.  

I was wondering if you had given any consideration to a way to display accents in &quot;Church Latin.&quot;  These are the acute marks showing where to place the accent when reading aloud, and are present in missals and many prayer books.  

á é í ó ú ǽ æ Æ Ǽ Œ œ and of course the Versicle and Response glyphs, ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .

Here is an example page:  [[:Pagina:Missale_Romanum_1862.djvu/301]]    

In a missal page like the above, some of the text, specifically the rubrics (instructions), do not include the accents, only the text meant to be spoken.  

These glyphs (and their display) is I think different from the abbreviations in incunabula and early printed works.  I think it will be a while before I am comfortable displaying the abbreviations (instead of their expanded transcriptions) to read, but the accents are helpful when reading, even when not reading aloud.  

I have spent some time recently hunting for fonts that include all these glyphs.  

It will be important to be able to specify such fonts that include all the relevant glyphs in displaying them on WS or when downloading them in an epub;  do you know if that sort of thing is doable here?  (I think a lot of it is a browser problem.)  

Should we move or copy these discussions to someplace more publicly visible?  I would suggest the Category you created, unless that is supposed to be limited to discussions about the Category itself.  Or anywhere else suitable.  

Did you ever find the unicodes for ℣ and ℟ ?  Would the results of my research into these various glyphs and the fonts that display them be useful to you? [[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Laura1822|disputatio]]) 20:56, 23 Octobris 2025 (UTC)  

:Hi @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]]
:There is a lot here! And yes we can find a better place to discuss this.
:(1) Church accents: these you want to preferve in the mainspace (not transcription) pages that people see, so just use the characters as-is. ie á é í ó ú. Then ǽ poses a bit of a problem. You could either  leave æ  in place on mainspace pages for consistency, or just accent ǽ. These accents as you know are to indicate stress, so are as you say an aid to speaking, which explains their absence in the small print. Likewise, with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ you should leave these in place.
:I can see that this poses a problem for some users tho, who might not have fonts containing ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ .
:(2) Fonts: the idea with the templates is that users never see the abbreviations unless they want to. So for most people, they will not see them. Compare [[Pagina:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu/8]] (transcription page) with [[Ars_Memorativa_Gulielmi_Leporei_Avallonensis/Gulielmus_Leporeus_Domino_Gulielmo_Iornoer]] (mainspace). users will look at the second of these, normally at least. These aren't set up yet for [[Arra aeternae salutis]] or [[Missale Romanum (1496)]]. Let me know if you'd like help with that so you can see better how this is working for your transcriptions.
:I have developed a means to toggle the abbreviations in the mainspace.
:(3) Installation of fonts on Wikisource / ebooks: this ought to be doable, it's there for blackletter scripts I think. It's more relevant if the characters are visible in mainspace. Transcriptions (Liber / Pagina) don't matter so much to users. But of course for your Missal with ℣ and ℟ , and ✠, these are needed. Interesting that these were preserved!
:(4) We can use the category for discussions for now; some point I should write up the whole system especially if you or others are using it. I know the documentation for the templates has slipped a bit. Regarding ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ in the Missal, the best place to have this discussion is at [[Vicifons:Scriptorium]]; I will open something up there for you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:33, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

p.s.  ''Thank you'' for the several pages you edited of ''Arra Aeternis''!!
:No problem! Happy to help some more if it's useful! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:35, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== ꝓ is always pro, never prae or pre ==

I have already checked and corrected the instances were [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝓ|rae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; were used instead of [[Formula:pro|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{pro}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]]. I also updated the [[Formula:prae|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{prae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; template]].

I suggest you update your [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js|javascript]] so to not commit this mistake. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 17:36, 5 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks very much, will amend! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:03, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== Last year's &lt;s&gt;sins&lt;/s&gt; typoes ==

(Btw: Congratulations!)

Last year you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82]] and 
[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/82&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=236403 introduced] {{tlx|-|ost}} into the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::ideas lo­cis n{{-|ost}}{{r̄}}a ph{{an}}ta{{s}}is: depictas

Separately you edited 
[[Pagina:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198]] and [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Pagina:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf/198&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=236544 added] {{tlx|-|itu}} near the bottom of the page:
::&lt;nowiki&gt;Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::Cap{{-|itu}}{{scr|l̓|lu}}m prim{{um}}.

It seems that someone then copied you and made a similar change to [[Pagina:Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae (Romberch de Kyrspe).djvu/13]] 
::&lt;nowiki&gt;opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis:&lt;/nowiki&gt;
which causes this result:
::opus o{{-|mn}}{{scr|ĩ|i}}bus Theo­logis

The formula/template {{tlx|-}} is a redirect to {{tlx|clear}}. The effect of these uses of {{tlx|clear}} is as though someone had put a linebreak &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; into the text. The first example above produces
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;clear:ost;&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Can you look at these three instances (which are the only ones found using a search for insource:/[{][{]-[|]/ ) and try and figure out what was intended? That is, what formula/template was meant to be used?

'''Oh!''', was it supposed to be {{tlx|~}} ?
::&lt;nowiki&gt;n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::n{{~|ost}}{{r̄}}a

Ahh, fixed the linebreak thing in all three pages and then two books they showed up in:
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Secundus/Capitulum_1]]
* [[Congestorium_Artificiosae_Memoriae/Tractatus_Quartus/Capitulum_1]]

Can you explain...
:are you trying to make the pagina: view look as close to the page image as possible,
:but then trying to have the final text view have all the abbreviations expanded?
[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], yes: the idea is this:
:* to preserve the original marking so these are available to users, scholars etc; 
:* to provide templates for the character switches that are fairly readable when transcribing; 
:* to enable the user to OCR the original scribal conventions and automatically replace them with these templates;
:* to ensure a modern reader can get something closer to modern orthography
:* to allow a modern reader to be able to choose between these two views using javascript
:The procedures for easing scanning, adding the templates and installing toggling views etc can now be found on the category page at present. See [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:39, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

::So reviewing that list something popped out for {{tl|c̃}} - it was showing up in the second column as &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;. I [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:C%CC%83&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=270942 fixed] the extra '&gt;'. But it still shows up as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
::{{tl|c̃}} is only used once, in page [[Pagina:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu/9]], as 
:::&lt;nowiki&gt;cu{{c̃|nc}}tum&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Notice the supplied parameter.
::Comparing {{tl|Õ}} with {{tl|c̃}} I see the former has code for checking whether a parameter has been supplied, whereas the latter _requires_ a parameter.
:::{{tl|Õ}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|õ|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|on}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::{{tl|c̃}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|c̃|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Different again, {{tl|m̃}} has another way of allowing a default:
:::{{tl|m̃}} — &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|m̃|{{{1|em}}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::Anyway, as is, without a parameter given in the [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] list, {{tl|c̃}} shows up badly.
::Is there no good default for {{tl|c̃}} ?
::Also, when it says 'usor' in the third column, what does that mean?
::[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:11, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


::While checking those other formulas, I found something weird. Trying to use &lt;code&gt;data-original-form=&quot;&quot;&lt;/code&gt; everywhere is causing problems. These formulas are combining badly.
::Check this page [[Pagina:Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus).djvu/11]] and where it is included [[Ars_Memorativa_Gulielmi_Leporei_Avallonensis/Liber_I/Caput_Primum]]. Search for &quot;class=&quot;. HTML has bled out onto the view.
::Experimenting, it seems to be when the first parameter to {{tl|scr}} has text containing one of these formulae, like {{tl|s}}.
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ|Philosopho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ|Philosopho}}
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ|Philo{{s}}opho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ|Philo{{s}}opho}}
::: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|Phõ{{s}}|Philosopho}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:::: {{scr|Phõ{{s}}|Philosopho}}
::The use of &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;data-original-form=&quot;{{{1}}}&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; in {{tl|scr}} is receiving the generated HTML within the &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;{{{1}}}&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::I have no clue what to do about this. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::Thank you, I will sort as soon as I can, hopefully tomorrow. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 23:28, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::OK, that is partially fixed. I'll need to go through all those which might contain arbitrary text and do them a bit differently! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 23:49, 13 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::I think it should all be fixed now, but let me know if you spot anything; I've added explanation of what is taking place to the category page [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:38, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <ns>2</ns>
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      <id>270928</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="5111" sha1="ks5hxfwsvwvq158sske37iiql0xnodt" xml:space="preserve">Active work: 
* [[Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur Ars latine loquendi.pdf]]
* [[Liber:Sal Terrae, sive Apologia pro Ministerio Evangelico.pdf]]
* [[Lūdī Persicī]] / [[Liber:APPLETON – Ludi Persici.pdf]]
* [[Liber:Initium; a first Latin course on the direct method (IA initiumfirstlati00appl).pdf]]
* [[Second Latin Reading Book]] / [[Liber:Second Latin reading book With Key.pdf]]
* [[A First Latin Reader]] / [[Liber:A First Latin Reader.pdf]] &gt; [[Formula:Wkref]], [[Modulus:Wkref]]
* [[A New Latin Primer]] / [[Liber:MAXEY, Mima; FAY, Marjorie - A New Latin Primer (1933).pdf]]

* [[Liber:Machiavelli-letter.pdf]]
* [[Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf]]
* [[De Principe]]

Incunabulae:
* [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]; [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]]; [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]]; [[Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js]]
* see also [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css]]

* [[Template:Wkref]]

Ready to start:

* [[Liber:Annales monastici Vol IV.djvu]]
* [[Liber:Insula Thesauraria.pdf]]
* [[Liber:Hermeneumata Pseudodositheana.pdf]]
** using [[[[Liber:Corpus glossariorum latinorum-Vol III-Hermeneumata Pseudodositheana.pdf]]

==Other people's projects:==

===Incunabula===
* [[Liber:Arra aeternae salutis (1495) by Lambsheim.pdf]]
* [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]] / [[Foenix]]; [[Liber:Foenix._Domini_Petri_Ravennatis_memoriae_magistri_-_(Petrus)_(IA_hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
* [[Liber:Ars Memorativa (Leporeus).djvu]]
* [[Liber:Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa. (Publicio).djvu]] # [[Ars Oratoria. Ars Epistolandi. Ars Memorativa.]]
===Other ===
* [[Liber:Opera Latine Conscripta, Volume 2 (Bruno).djvu]]
* [[Liber:Statius (Mozley 1928) v1.djvu]]
* [[Liber:Codex Amiatinus novum testamentum latine (1854).djvu]] / [[Novum Testamentum (Codex Amiatinus)]]
* [[Liber:De bello rustico Valentino.pdf]]
* [[Liber:Gesta Romanorum - Oesterley 1872.djvu]]
* [[Liber:Cartesius - Meditationes de prima philosophia.djvu]]
* [[Liber:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648).pdf]]; [[Historia Naturalis Brasiliae]]

==More or less complete:==
* [[Nicolai Klimii iter subterraneum]] / [[Liber:Nicolai_Klimii_Iter_Subterraneum.djvu]]
* [[Liber:Privilegiebrev för Jönköping från 1284.tif]]
* [[Dialogues of Roman Life]] / [[Liber:Dialogues of Roman Life.djvu]]
* [[Liber:Ad Alpēs]]; [[Ad Alpēs]]
* [[Pro Patria]] [[Liber:Pro Patria A Latin Story for Beginners.pdf]]
* [[Colloquia familiaria]] / Transcription: [[Liber:Erasmi Colloquia Familiaria Et Encomium Moriae.djvu]](transcription / copy paste is done; proofing is needed now)
** Combined index [[Usor:JimKillock/Colloquia familiaria index]]
* [[Cothvrnvlvs]] / [[Liber:Cothvrnvlvs three short Latin historical plays for the use of beginners.djvu]]
* [[Liber:Easy Latin Plays.pdf]] / [[Easy Latin Plays]]
* [[Easy Latin Stories]]; Source: [[Liber:Easy Latin Stories.djvu]] 
*[[Ólim]] / [[Liber:Olim Ludi Scaenici.pdf]]
* [[Ora Maritima]] / [[Liber:Ora Maritima.djvu]]
* [[Cornelia Puella Americana]] / [[Liber:Cornelia Mima Maxey.pdf]]

Main part done
* [[Carolus et Maria]] / [[Liber:Marjorie Fay - Carolus Et Maria.pdf]]

===STOA texts===
Completed project to move Stoa abandoned texts [https://web.archive.org/web/20100808165422/http://www.stoa.org/hopper/collection.jsp?collection=Stoa%3Acollection%3Acolloquia from this link]. 

* Franciscus Cervantes de Salazar. [[Ad Exercitia Linguae Latinae Dialogi]]
* Sebastianus Castalio. [[Dialogorum sacrorum libri quattuor]]
* Maturinus Corderius. [[Colloquia scholastica]]. 
* [[Scriptor:Laurentius Corvinus|Laurentius Corvinus]]. [[Latinum Ydeoma]]. 
* Desiderius Erasmus. Colloquia familiaria. ''(already here)''
* [[Scriptor:Ioannes Fontanus]]. [[Hortulus puerorum pergratus ac perutilis Latine discentibus]]. 
* [[Scriptor:Nicolaus Beraldus]]. [[Dialogus quo rationes quaedam explicantur quibus dicendi ex tempore facultas parari possit]]. 
* [[Scriptor:Jacobus Pontanus]]. Jacobi Pontani de Societate Jesu [[Progymnasmatum Latinitatis]], sive Dialogorum Volumen primum, cum annotationibus. De Rebus Literariis.. 
* [[Scriptor:Petrus Popon]]. [[Colloquia de Scholis Herbipolensibus]]
* [[Scriptor:Ioannes Ludovicus Vives]]. [[Exercitatio Linguae Latinae]]
* [[Scriptor:Petrus Mosellanus]]. [[Paedologia]]. 
* [[Scriptor:Martinus Duncanus]]. [[Praetextata Latine Loquendi Ratio]]

==Contributing to EN Wikisource==
* [[:en:Key to Easy Latin Stories for beginners]] / [[:en:Index:Key to Easy Latin Stories for beginners.djvu]]
* [[:en:Latin_for_beginners_(1911)|Latin for beginners]] (esp [[:en:Latin for beginners (1911)/Reading Matter|Reading Matter]]); and 
* [[:en:Familiar Colloquies/Table of Contents|Familiar Colloquies]]

===See also:===
* [[:en:user:JimKillock]]
* [[user:JimKillock/Orthography]]
* [[Wikiversity:User:JimKillock]] and [[Wikiversity:Latin]] (not my course, just my import)
* [[Wikibooks:User:JimKillock]]
* [[Wikipedia:User:JimKillock]]
* [[Wikidata:User:JimKillock]]
* [[Commons:User:JimKillock]]
* [[Wikidata:User:JimKillock]]
Additional account:
* [[:en:user:GuilelmusDugard]] / * [[Usor:GuilelmusDugard]]

{{s}}, {{ae}}, {{oe}}, {{que}}</text>
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      <text bytes="288" sha1="j84tvd9d3us97av4txios1crlcvc1bi" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;q&amp;#x0303;&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|q&amp;#x0303;|q{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|uoniam}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;q&amp;#x0303;&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Vl̓</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>71775</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:44:51Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="207" sha1="cy8zx01c3uc7oj3rgmgpuezmk96meeu" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;vl̓&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|vl̓|vel}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Qͥd</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>71776</id>
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      <id>270863</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:23:13Z</timestamp>
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        <username>JimKillock</username>
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      <text bytes="270" sha1="aru5u4u3gpikzroe9ri809e6s2913cw" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;qͥd&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|qͥd|q{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|uod}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;qͥd&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:R̄</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>71777</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270873</id>
      <parentid>236919</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:35:28Z</timestamp>
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        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
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      <origin>270873</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="265" sha1="392h7eshf2v4ud0brtg8yntdjj0yl1h" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;r̄&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|r̄|r{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|a}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;r̄&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:~</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>71894</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270788</id>
      <parentid>236309</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T15:21:32Z</timestamp>
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        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
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      <text bytes="206" sha1="4lpk6yly47r7sv6r458m2y0mktq17zc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-po&quot; data-original-form=&quot;{{{1}}}&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina||{{{1}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>270789</id>
      <parentid>270788</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T15:23:16Z</timestamp>
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        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
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      <text bytes="199" sha1="olmr2wswccersditua8a17uby9tykqe" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-po&quot; data-original-form=&quot;&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina||{{{1}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>270959</id>
      <parentid>270789</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T08:09:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
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      <text bytes="337" sha1="ddn9r55cpee5z8l74cv2074r4f4lwwz" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;orthography-switch&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;orthography-original&quot;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|| style=&quot;display:none;&quot;}}&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;orthography-normal&quot;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina| style=&quot;display:none;&quot;|}}&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:T̉</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>71899</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>236399</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:42:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
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      <origin>270883</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="205" sha1="t7zu7acquu2odikv15v38b11kmuh7tw" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;t̉&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|t̉|tur}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ↄ̨</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>71901</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270901</id>
      <parentid>237564</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:52:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
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      <origin>270901</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="272" sha1="b6zqaqk6acp9kpmj9qaeqbngno0bhu7" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ↄ̨&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ↄ̨|c{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|on}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;ↄ̨&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>b6zqaqk6acp9kpmj9qaeqbngno0bhu7</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>270926</id>
      <parentid>270901</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:17:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270926</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="255" sha1="h3pgaqeouu6951c9c6gpljtkghndzq4" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ↄ̨&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ↄ̨|c{{{1|on}}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;ↄ̨&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>h3pgaqeouu6951c9c6gpljtkghndzq4</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:M</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>71902</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270836</id>
      <parentid>236428</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T16:40:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270836</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="201" sha1="d4l43saszd91s2dqh2ogtw7j75x8qnr" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ꝫ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ꝫ|m}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>d4l43saszd91s2dqh2ogtw7j75x8qnr</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:~.</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>71935</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270889</id>
      <parentid>243497</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:46:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
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      <origin>270889</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="262" sha1="il2clnpitc61c4pwe0q5c6n7h41o0yb" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;.&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|.|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|,}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;ↄ̨&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ñ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>71936</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270892</id>
      <parentid>236812</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:47:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
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      <origin>270892</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="207" sha1="qgo8gt08zd5r49f9ezr043i7xqvntwx" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ñ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ñ|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Q̈</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>71939</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270861</id>
      <parentid>238584</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:22:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270861</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="266" sha1="qtvw6zyi378h4xku06avsmo6vminh8i" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;q̈&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|q̈|q{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|ua}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;q̈&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ꝓ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>71947</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270904</id>
      <parentid>261468</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:54:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
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      <origin>270904</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="266" sha1="p1km9gxuks5195us7ps56ipyizr3ye2" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ꝓ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ꝓ|p{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|ro}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;ꝓ&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Qͦ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>72107</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270864</id>
      <parentid>237905</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:23:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
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      <origin>270864</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="271" sha1="i1ct22nk30qgev33xr7kfzvq6zgazvq" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;qͦ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|qͦ|q{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|uo}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;&amp;#xA75A;&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>i1ct22nk30qgev33xr7kfzvq6zgazvq</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Com</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>72108</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270811</id>
      <parentid>237906</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T16:18:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270811</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="204" sha1="936il5zbn7azmwm69lx3o6ibzejxmpz" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ꝯ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ꝯ|com}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:T̓</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>72110</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270884</id>
      <parentid>237910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:42:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270884</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="266" sha1="fuldgkraygik25u4jg8c5wt320titfy" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;t̓&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|t̓|t{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|ur}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;t̓&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fuldgkraygik25u4jg8c5wt320titfy</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ꝓ,</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>72123</id>
    <redirect title="Formula:Ꝓ" />
    <revision>
      <id>270903</id>
      <parentid>238015</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:53:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270903</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="267" sha1="5zx1jcpt0mddaaitdopyl5gk9r6si62" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ꝓ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ꝓ|p{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|rae}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;ꝓ&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>270905</id>
      <parentid>270903</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:55:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Formula:Ꝓ]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="59" sha1="00kr6um0lqpvxfgoqd4uoid9cyl9y9j" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Formula:Ꝓ]] [[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ť</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>72124</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270896</id>
      <parentid>238022</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:49:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270896</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="263" sha1="kwp8828bflp8ssjqdl5pi5qaoom49f7" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ť&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ť|t{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|ur}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;ť&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kwp8828bflp8ssjqdl5pi5qaoom49f7</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ꝑ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>72178</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270902</id>
      <parentid>238136</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:52:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270902</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="266" sha1="niaf17urn0f0tt7d5cc4olumaxs8yo0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ꝑ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ꝑ|p{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|er}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;ꝑ&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>niaf17urn0f0tt7d5cc4olumaxs8yo0</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ꝗ̈</title>
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    <title>Formula:Qͣ</title>
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    <title>Formula:Oĩno</title>
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[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
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    <title>Formula:Apd̓</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T15:40:03Z</timestamp>
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[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:~/</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:46:59Z</timestamp>
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[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
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    <title>Pagina:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648).pdf/418</title>
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      <text bytes="5324" sha1="ajzwvlx3x1egvb43vvgd6c6148k42sq" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Trooper57&quot; /&gt;{{rh|268|{{sc|GeorgI MarcgravI}}}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{c|{{sc|Cap. IV}}}}
{{c|{{larger|''De Incolis Bra{{s}}ili{{ae}}.''}}}}
{{Initiumstilatum|I}}Ncolarum naturalium hujus terr{{ae}}, {{s}}unt quatuor nationes {{s}}uis nominibus di{{s}}tinct{{ae}}: nimirum ''Tupinambu, Tobajara, Petiguara,'' {{et}} ''Tapuiya''. Et po{{s}}trema h{{ae}}c natio iterum in alias multas nominibus di{{s}}tinctas, {{et}} idiomate differentes, divi{{s}}a e{{s}}t. Tres reliqu{{ae}} una utuntur lingua, dialecto tantum ex parte differente, ut capite de Bra{{s}}ilianorum lingua obiter à nobis expligabitur.

''Tapuyarum'' nationes qu{{ae}} habitant ad flumen S{{sup|cti}} Franci{{s}}ci, {{s}}unt ''Arodera, Cajau, Maquar'' {{et}} ''Poyme''.

''Plura de hi{{s}}ce nationibus dixi in de{{s}}criptione India Occidentalis lib. xv. {{et}} xvj. qua{{ae}} hic repetere nolo, quia poti{{s}}simum de iis agendum autumo, qu{{ae}} jam Belgis no{{s}}tris parent, aut cum no{{s}}tris conf{{ae}}derat{{ae}}  {{s}}unt, {{s}}iquidem notioribus.''

Lu{{s}}itani hîc plurimi habitant, uti &amp; Belg{{ae}}, ii{{s}}que permixti Germani, Galli, Angli, {{et}}c. Bra{{s}}iliani vocant Belgas, Germanos, Gallos, Anglos, ''Ajuru-juba'', ideo, quia plerumque ruffas {{s}}eu flavas habent barbas &amp; capillos. In genere autem vocant omnes Europ{{ae}}os {{et}} advenas ''Caraiba'', itemque ''Pero''.

Denique ob mi{{s}}turam variarum nationum, ali{{ae}} quinque di{{s}}tinct{{ae}} hominum {{s}}pecies hîc reperiuntur: nimirum qui ab Europ{{ae}}is parentibus, patre atque matre, hic natus e{{s}}t, appellatur ''Mozombo''.

Qui natus e{{s}}t ex parre Europ{{ae}}o {{et}} matre Bra{{s}}iliana nominatur ''Mameluco''.

Natus ex patre Europ{{ae}}o {{et}} matro {{AE}}thopi{{s}}{{s}}a dicitur ''Mulato''.

Natus ex patre Bra{{s}}ilien{{s}}i {{et}} matre {{AE}}thiopi{{s}}{{s}}a vocatur ''Curiboca'', {{et}} ''Cabocles.''

Natus hîc ex utri{{s}}que patentibus Nigritis appellatur ''Criolo''.

{{AE}}thiopi{{s}}{{s}}a qu{{ae}}dam hîc gemellos peperit, unum album, alterum nigrum.

Vidi hîc Africanam f{{oe}}minam, non nigram, {{s}}ed ruffa plane cute {{et}} pilis ac capillis ruffis. Ex qua regione e{{s}}{{s}}et, non potui intelligere, nam linguam ejus nοn intelligebant reliqui Nigrit{{ae}}.

Multos hîc vidi {{AE}}thiopes {{s}}enes barba magna {{et}} totaliter cana, ut {{et}} capillis capitis canis. Lepidum {{s}}pectaculum, atra barba qu{{ae}} incanuit, in nigra cute, videtur qua{{s}}i farina e{{s}}{{s}}et a{{s}}per{{s}}a.

Vidi hîc etiam planc albi{{s}}{{s}}imum juvenem octodecim annorum, pilis cri{{s}}pis albi{{s}}{{s}}imis {{et}} {{s}}uperciliis albis, cute albi{{s}}{{s}}ima, na{{s}}o plane more {{AE}}thiopum, qui natus hic è patre {{et}} matre Nigritis.

''Annotatio''. Tapujarum fines {{et}} {{s}}edes à Jacobo Rabbi, qui plures annos inter illos vixit, ita de{{s}}criptas accepimus. ''Rio Grande'' ad cujus o{{s}}tium jacet arx ''Colonia'', ad {{s}}ex horarum iter penetrat in continentem ver{{s}}us occa{{s}}um: uti {{et}} fluvius ''Mupeo'' nονem horarum irinere à Riο Grandi ver{{s}}us meridiem. ''Syrag minor'' trium horarum itinere à R. Grandi ver{{s}}us Arctum, {{s}}erme quinquaginta horarum itinere de{{s}}cendit è continente.

A Rio Grandi porro ver{{s}}us Arctum exit in mare in{{s}}ignis fluvius ''Mapreucauch'', longe è continente de{{s}}cendens, {{et}} porcorum aquaticorum ferax; ad ripas illius mult{{ae}} vagantur capr{{ae}} {{et}} Struthiones. Tertius fluvius duodecim mill. à Rio Grandi, vocatur ''Ypotinge''. Quartus autem ''Vgua{{s}}u'' dictus {{s}}eptemdecim horarum itinere di{{s}}tat à Rio Grandi. Deinceps diei itinere ab Ugua{{s}}u occurrit ''Yponi'', ubi Salin{{ae}} {{s}}unt: a quibus ad alias Salinas millaria numerantur quindecim: atque ab his ad ''Aritavva'' novem: ad maximas Salinas, {{et}} per excellentiam ita nostris dictas, tria: ad ''Vnapatubam'' totidem: ad ''Marytupa'' duo: ad ''VVarerugh'' unum. Hic fluvius alio nomine appellatur ''Ot{{s}}chunogh'', qui {{s}}upra centum milliaria penetrat in continentem ver{{s}}us Au{{s}}trum. Quinque autem {{et}} viginti mill. à littore maris, jacet grandis lacus ''Bajatagh'', pi{{s}}cium f{{oe}}cundus: {{et}} ad {{s}}ini{{s}}tram ab hoc ver{{s}}us ortum alter qui ''Igtug'' appellatur ab Indigenis, quem tamen nemo ingredi audet, ob copiam mordacium pi{{s}}cium, {{et}} hominibus admodum infe{{s}}torum. Adjacet huic vallis ''Kuniangeya'', viginti milliaria in longitudinem patens, in latitudinem tantum duo: quam permeat fluvius ''Ot{{s}}chunogh'', pi{{s}}cibus abundans, {{s}}icut ip{{s}}a vallis maxima copia ferarum, {{et}} variis fructibus: quorum pr{{ae}}cipui {{s}}unt, ''Kuraüra'' Barbaris, magnitudine pomi no{{s}}tratis, qui ubi {{s}}ponte deciderunt, tum demum edules {{s}}unt: dein ''Dierada'', magnitudine globuli {{s}}clopetarii, plane nigricantes antequam defluant. Atque hi{{s}}ce fructibus Barbari quotannis trimestre {{s}}patium victitant: quibus accedit ''Kakara'', fructus in{{s}}tar juglandis; qui coquendus e{{s}}t antequam comedatur: crudus enim amaricat in{{s}}tar glandis. Magna quoque copia na{{s}}cuntur hic ficus {{s}}ylve{{s}}tres, pugni magnitudine: quarum qu{{ae}}dam intus rubra, externe virides: ali{{ae}} extus rubr{{ae}}, {{et}} interius alb{{ae}}, {{et}} plena granulis albis, qu{{ae}}, ubi pr{{ae}} maturitate dehiscunt, {{pt|admo|admodum }}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{d|dum}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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{{c|{{larger|''De Incolis Bra{{s}}ili{{ae}}.''}}}}
{{Initiumstilatum|I}}Ncolarum naturalium hujus terr{{ae}}, {{s}}unt quatuor nationes {{s}}uis nominibus di{{s}}tinct{{ae}}: nimirum ''Tupinambu, Tobajara, Petiguara,'' {{et}} ''Tapuiya''. Et po{{s}}trema h{{ae}}c natio iterum in alias multas nominibus di{{s}}tinctas, {{et}} idiomate differentes, divi{{s}}a e{{s}}t. Tres reliqu{{ae}} una utuntur lingua, dialecto tantum ex parte differente, ut capite de Bra{{s}}ilianorum lingua obiter à nobis expligabitur.

''Tapuyarum'' nationes qu{{ae}} habitant ad flumen S{{sup|cti}} Franci{{s}}ci, {{s}}unt ''Arodera, Cajau, Maquar'' {{et}} ''Poyme''.

''Plura de hi{{s}}ce nationibus dixi in de{{s}}criptione India Occidentalis lib. xv. {{et}} xvj. qua{{ae}} hic repetere nolo, quia poti{{s}}simum de iis agendum autumo, qu{{ae}} jam Belgis no{{s}}tris parent, aut cum no{{s}}tris conf{{ae}}derat{{ae}}  {{s}}unt, {{s}}iquidem notioribus.''

Lu{{s}}itani hîc plurimi habitant, uti &amp; Belg{{ae}}, ii{{s}}que permixti Germani, Galli, Angli, {{et}}c. Bra{{s}}iliani vocant Belgas, Germanos, Gallos, Anglos, ''Ajuru-juba'', ideo, quia plerumque ruffas {{s}}eu flavas habent barbas &amp; capillos. In genere autem vocant omnes Europ{{ae}}os {{et}} advenas ''Caraiba'', itemque ''Pero''.

Denique ob mi{{s}}turam variarum nationum, ali{{ae}} quinque di{{s}}tinct{{ae}} hominum {{s}}pecies hîc reperiuntur: nimirum qui ab Europ{{ae}}is parentibus, patre atque matre, hic natus e{{s}}t, appellatur ''Mozombo''.

Qui natus e{{s}}t ex parre Europ{{ae}}o {{et}} matre Bra{{s}}iliana nominatur ''Mameluco''.

Natus ex patre Europ{{ae}}o {{et}} matro {{AE}}thopi{{s}}{{s}}a dicitur ''Mulato''.

Natus ex patre Bra{{s}}ilien{{s}}i {{et}} matre {{AE}}thiopi{{s}}{{s}}a vocatur ''Curiboca'', {{et}} ''Cabocles.''

Natus hîc ex utri{{s}}que patentibus Nigritis appellatur ''Criolo''.

{{AE}}thiopi{{s}}{{s}}a qu{{ae}}dam hîc gemellos peperit, unum album, alterum nigrum.

Vidi hîc Africanam f{{oe}}minam, non nigram, {{s}}ed ruffa plane cute {{et}} pilis ac capillis ruffis. Ex qua regione e{{s}}{{s}}et, non potui intelligere, nam linguam ejus nοn intelligebant reliqui Nigrit{{ae}}.

Multos hîc vidi {{AE}}thiopes {{s}}enes barba magna {{et}} totaliter cana, ut {{et}} capillis capitis canis. Lepidum {{s}}pectaculum, atra barba qu{{ae}} incanuit, in nigra cute, videtur qua{{s}}i farina e{{s}}{{s}}et a{{s}}per{{s}}a.

Vidi hîc etiam planc albi{{s}}{{s}}imum juvenem octodecim annorum, pilis cri{{s}}pis albi{{s}}{{s}}imis {{et}} {{s}}uperciliis albis, cute albi{{s}}{{s}}ima, na{{s}}o plane more {{AE}}thiopum, qui natus hic è patre {{et}} matre Nigritis.

''Annotatio''. Tapujarum fines {{et}} {{s}}edes à Jacobo Rabbi, qui plures annos inter illos vixit, ita de{{s}}criptas accepimus. ''Rio Grande'' ad cujus o{{s}}tium jacet arx ''Colonia'', ad {{s}}ex horarum iter penetrat in continentem ver{{s}}us occa{{s}}um: uti {{et}} fluvius ''Mupeo'' nονem horarum irinere à Riο Grandi ver{{s}}us meridiem. ''Syrag minor'' trium horarum itinere à R. Grandi ver{{s}}us Arctum, {{s}}erme quinquaginta horarum itinere de{{s}}cendit è continente.

A Rio Grandi porro ver{{s}}us Arctum exit in mare in{{s}}ignis fluvius ''Mapreucauch'', longe è continente de{{s}}cendens, {{et}} porcorum aquaticorum ferax; ad ripas illius mult{{ae}} vagantur capr{{ae}} {{et}} Struthiones. Tertius fluvius duodecim mill. à Rio Grandi, vocatur ''Ypotinge''. Quartus autem ''Vgua{{s}}u'' dictus {{s}}eptemdecim horarum itinere di{{s}}tat à Rio Grandi. Deinceps diei itinere ab Ugua{{s}}u occurrit ''Yponi'', ubi Salin{{ae}} {{s}}unt: a quibus ad alias Salinas millaria numerantur quindecim: atque ab his ad ''Aritavva'' novem: ad maximas Salinas, {{et}} per excellentiam ita nostris dictas, tria: ad ''Vnapatubam'' totidem: ad ''Marytupa'' duo: ad ''VVarerugh'' unum. Hic fluvius alio nomine appellatur ''Ot{{s}}chunogh'', qui {{s}}upra centum milliaria penetrat in continentem ver{{s}}us Au{{s}}trum. Quinque autem {{et}} viginti mill. à littore maris, jacet grandis lacus ''Bajatagh'', pi{{s}}cium f{{oe}}cundus: {{et}} ad {{s}}ini{{s}}tram ab hoc ver{{s}}us ortum alter qui ''Igtug'' appellatur ab Indigenis, quem tamen nemo ingredi audet, ob copiam mordacium pi{{s}}cium, {{et}} hominibus admodum infe{{s}}torum. Adjacet huic vallis ''Kuniangeya'', viginti milliaria in longitudinem patens, in latitudinem tantum duo: quam permeat fluvius ''Ot{{s}}chunogh'', pi{{s}}cibus abundans, {{s}}icut ip{{s}}a vallis maxima copia ferarum, {{et}} variis fructibus: quorum pr{{ae}}cipui {{s}}unt, ''Kuraüra'' Barbaris, magnitudine pomi no{{s}}tratis, qui ubi {{s}}ponte deciderunt, tum demum edules {{s}}unt: dein ''Dierada'', magnitudine globuli {{s}}clopetarii, plane nigricantes antequam defluant. Atque hi{{s}}ce fructibus Barbari quotannis trimestre {{s}}patium victitant: quibus accedit ''Kakara'', fructus in{{s}}tar juglandis; qui coquendus e{{s}}t antequam comedatur: crudus enim amaricat in{{s}}tar glandis. Magna quoque copia na{{s}}cuntur hic ficus {{s}}ylve{{s}}tres, pugni magnitudine: quarum qu{{ae}}dam intus rubra, externe virides: ali{{ae}} extus rubr{{ae}}, {{et}} interius alb{{ae}}, {{et}} plena granulis albis, qu{{ae}}, ubi pr{{ae}} maturitate dehiscunt, {{pt|admo-|admodum }}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{d|dum}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <id>270942</id>
      <parentid>270783</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T20:17:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shenme</username>
        <id>17647</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Remove extra '&gt;' ; is this only f_l formula that requires a parameter?</comment>
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[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Õ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73578</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270784</id>
      <parentid>243510</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T15:16:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
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      <origin>270784</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="265" sha1="82jmkzxawra29t7m6xil2iazj8s2kce" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;õ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|õ|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|on}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;ↄ̨&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>82jmkzxawra29t7m6xil2iazj8s2kce</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ę</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73592</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270893</id>
      <parentid>242677</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:48:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270893</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="262" sha1="djzrsrvum1xd4y4481qnnb9k6nailrz" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ę&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ę|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|ae}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;ę&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ū</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73593</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270898</id>
      <parentid>242690</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:50:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270898</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="207" sha1="0oi8epu3s0wapq6ls984o25n4y7pkvj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ũ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ũ|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0oi8epu3s0wapq6ls984o25n4y7pkvj</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ũ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73594</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270897</id>
      <parentid>242693</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:50:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270897</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="207" sha1="0oi8epu3s0wapq6ls984o25n4y7pkvj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ũ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ũ|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0oi8epu3s0wapq6ls984o25n4y7pkvj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Em̃</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73684</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270821</id>
      <parentid>243109</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T16:22:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270821</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="270" sha1="gpwx9mz03721pr4l7rv4l95clp38qeb" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;em̃&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|em̃|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|enim}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;em̃&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Tñ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73726</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270882</id>
      <parentid>243117</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:41:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270882</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="207" sha1="qllfr0idrf340i8wgpwyogedbgt0spx" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;tñ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|tñ|tamen}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qllfr0idrf340i8wgpwyogedbgt0spx</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ī</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73738</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270895</id>
      <parentid>243138</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:49:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270895</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="207" sha1="7rle6bzfmjnhbdqode8pcnht1q6b16f" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ĩ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ĩ|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7rle6bzfmjnhbdqode8pcnht1q6b16f</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Aũt</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73819</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270808</id>
      <parentid>243482</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T16:17:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270808</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="209" sha1="ku8bqi124lxf5gyzre2hkixrdhrgoxk" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;aũt&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|aũt|autem}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ku8bqi124lxf5gyzre2hkixrdhrgoxk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Oĩm</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73820</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270842</id>
      <parentid>243483</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T16:43:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270842</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="210" sha1="0jwlda3a23qwesedzdozq9wnlddf7tu" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;oĩm&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|oĩm|omnium}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0jwlda3a23qwesedzdozq9wnlddf7tu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Qm̃</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73823</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270853</id>
      <parentid>243506</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:17:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270853</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="273" sha1="fgxoxie98sqg7c7rrc0fn88fmchtvjo" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;qm̃&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|qm̃|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|quoniam}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;em̃&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fgxoxie98sqg7c7rrc0fn88fmchtvjo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Cõi</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73824</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270814</id>
      <parentid>243508</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T16:19:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270814</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="274" sha1="50g7vjb52bcdcrysii5fwwqn3eg53a8" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;cõi&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|cõi|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|communis}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;em̃&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>50g7vjb52bcdcrysii5fwwqn3eg53a8</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Scd̓m</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73825</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270875</id>
      <parentid>246157</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:37:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270875</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="299" sha1="gqjhfcw9x9jxqmp8zf0b6ab77pk7so5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;&amp;#383;cd̓m&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|&amp;#383;cd̓m|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{s}}ecundum}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;&amp;#383;cd̓m&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gqjhfcw9x9jxqmp8zf0b6ab77pk7so5</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Tm̃</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73837</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270878</id>
      <parentid>243609</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:39:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270878</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="209" sha1="580fexx363fv73naal5chf9kyhdt9bp" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;tm̃&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|tm̃|tamen}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>580fexx363fv73naal5chf9kyhdt9bp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Qñ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>73841</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270859</id>
      <parentid>245073</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:20:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270859</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="270" sha1="tq9z214xvl7kncaoll3hkpdoms3sd9s" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;qñ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|qñ|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|quoniam}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;qñ&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tq9z214xvl7kncaoll3hkpdoms3sd9s</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Oĩa</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>74048</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270841</id>
      <parentid>244325</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T16:42:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270841</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="271" sha1="co01ika9tdm6ui8xhq7kj6fkm9mv9wd" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;oĩa&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|oĩa|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|omnia}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;oĩa&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>co01ika9tdm6ui8xhq7kj6fkm9mv9wd</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:L̓</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>74050</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270835</id>
      <parentid>244339</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T16:39:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270835</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="266" sha1="lcxz24xjzwzfuk36uhxkkvjukdogfgp" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;l̓&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|l̓|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|l̓}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;l̓&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Scd̓a</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>74056</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270874</id>
      <parentid>244486</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:36:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270874</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="286" sha1="qmzzgcztq3gbp8w70ch1mwetgx1i33v" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;&amp;#383;cd̓a&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|&amp;#383;cd̓a|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|secunda}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;ẽ&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qmzzgcztq3gbp8w70ch1mwetgx1i33v</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Tp̄e</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>74086</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270879</id>
      <parentid>244658</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:39:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270879</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="276" sha1="tajbc34ona55pws2czii3f1cp5s5rrk" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;tp̄e&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|tp̄e|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|tempore}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;tp̄e&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tajbc34ona55pws2czii3f1cp5s5rrk</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:R̃</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>74087</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270787</id>
      <parentid>244667</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T15:20:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270787</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="209" sha1="n756lopacyfd3roky0fubf4nos3q8wu" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;r̃&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|r̃|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n756lopacyfd3roky0fubf4nos3q8wu</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:~:</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>74117</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270891</id>
      <parentid>245017</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:47:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270891</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="276" sha1="dsapbt6619yjsqhsun50joup3ys9qe1" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;:&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|&amp;colon;|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|&amp;colon;}}&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;&amp;colon;&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dsapbt6619yjsqhsun50joup3ys9qe1</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:~,</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>74120</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270801</id>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Eñ</title>
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    <id>74143</id>
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    <title>Pagina:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648).pdf/419</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>79484</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270813</id>
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      <text bytes="5527" sha1="r4l3twoj9a4hlv8zdjjhkfubxff1j6h" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;Trooper57&quot; /&gt;{{rh||{{sc|de ipsa Regione et Indigenis Lib. VIII.}}|269}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;section begin=&quot;IV&quot;/&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;dum&lt;/noinclude&gt; dulces {{s}}unt in{{s}}tar Sacchari; harum plantarum folia in{{s}}tar {{s}}ubul{{ae}} acut{{ae}} {{et}} digitum humanum longa. Pr{{ae}}terea {{s}}unt radices è quibus Indigen{{ae}} panem faciunt, ip{{s}}is ''Atug, Harag, Hobig, Engerug'', qu{{ae}} crude comedi po{{s}}{{s}}unt: ''Eniapugh'' qu{{ae}} torrenda {{s}}unt: ''Packoda'' qu{{ae}} cruda; {{et}} ''Hompugh'' quas potiffimum ad {{s}}itim extinguendam u{{s}}urpant. Ita ut hic terrarum tractus longe am{{oe}}niffimus {{s}}it {{et}} victum hominibus {{s}}ufficiat.

Porro ab ''Ot{{s}}chunogh'' ad ''Opponne'' milliaria numerantur decem, qui fluvius ab Au{{s}}tro pene centum milliarium {{s}}patio de{{s}}cendit: ab hoc ad ''Iauarug'' iter e{{s}}t bidui: ad ''Berywere'' unius milliaris; ad ''Vatepug'' duorum, atque ita porro per ''VVie{{s}}{{s}}ereo'' {{et}} ''Bacvvatigh'' ad ''Ciaram'' grandem iter e{{s}}t duorum dierum.

Inter hos fines, qui {{s}}atis amplum terrarum {{s}}patium occupant, incolunt varii Tapuy{{ae}}, etiam idiomate diver{{s}}i, {{et}} {{s}}ub diver{{s}}is Regulis: quorum primus ''Ianduy'' latè tendit in ''Ot{{s}}chunogh'', ''Ot{{s}}chuayayuch'', {{et}} ''Drerinagh'': huic proximus ''Pritiyaba'' cum priori pacem {{et}} amicitiam colens: mox ''Arigpoygh, VVana{{s}}ewa{{s}}ug, T{{s}}hering, {{et}} Dremmemge'', quibus male cum pr{{ae}}cedentibus convenit, ita ut {{s}}{{ae}}pe ho{{s}}tiliter alii in aliorum fines incurrant. ''Ianduy'' autem jam {{s}}upra centesimum {{ae}}tatis annum agens, e{{s}}t Regulus ille qui pacem cum no{{s}}tris colit {{et}} ex f{{oe}}dere aliquoties aut ip{{s}}e no{{s}}tris {{s}}ub{{s}}idio venit, aut filium atque affinem cum copiis mi{{s}}it contra Lu{{s}}itanos, quibus infen{{s}}i{{s}}{{s}}imus e{{s}}t: {{s}}ed non e{{s}}t hi{{s}}ce Barbaris ni{{s}}i in {{s}}umma nece{{s}}{{s}}itate utendum, nam tam immanes {{s}}unt ut tam animalia quam homines nec radant, {{et}} magnam va{{s}}titatem inducant, neque no{{s}}tri facile ejufmodi {{s}}uriis u{{s}}i {{s}}u{{s}}tinent, ni{{s}}i fimiles Lu{{s}}itani in no{{s}}tros
immit{{s}}i{{s}}{{s}}ent.
&lt;section end=&quot;IV&quot;/&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;V&quot;/&gt;{{c|{{sc|Cap. V.}}}}
{{c|{{larger|''De Statura {{et}} habitu corporis Bra{{s}}ilien{{s}}ium, {{et}} de eorum {{ae}}tate {{et}} moribus.''}}}}
{{Init|I}}Ndigen{{ae}} Bra{{s}}ilien{{s}}es qui inter nos degunt, {{s}}tatura {{s}}unt mediocri, robu{{s}}ti, largis humeris,
bene compo{{s}}iti: nec facile e{{s}}t inter illos invenire, di{{s}}tortum vel lu{{s}}cum aut claudum.
Quod mirum videri pote{{s}}t, quum infantes recens natos nunquam fa{{s}}ciis involvant aut ligent,
cau{{s}}am morborum illis pr{{ae}}bent. Ligant tantum Bra{{s}}ilien{{s}}es recens natis in infantia cura
certis fa{{s}}ciis, quas vocant Tapa cura, {{et}} ea de cau{{s}}a ut robu{{s}}tiora fiant. Oculos habent Bra{{s}}i-
lien{{s}}es nigros, na{{s}}um compre{{s}}{{s}}um, os amplum, capillos nigros, rectos. Barbam raràm aut
nullam. Multi tamen dantur qui barbas habent nigras. Mulieres quoque mediocris {{s}}unt {{s}}ta-
tur{{ae}}, bene di{{s}}po{{s}}it{{ae}}, {{et}} form{{ae}} haud inelegantis, nigris comis, {{s}}atis robust{{ae}}, {{et}} qu{{ae}} facillime
pariunt.

Annos {{s}}uos numerant ab exortu Heliacō Pleiadum, quos Ceixu vocant, atque ideo annum
eodem nomine denotant: accidit autem is ortus men{{s}}e no{{s}}tro Majo.

Numerum autem annorum {{ae}}tatis {{s}}u{{ae}} ut retinere po{{s}}{{s}}int, {{s}}ingulis annis reponunt unam
ca{{s}}tanam de Acaju, quam ip{{s}}i Acaju acaya appellant, itemque Acauu {{et}} Itemboera. Fructus enim
illius arboris {{s}}ingulis annis {{s}}emel maturatur, nimirum men{{s}}ibus Decembri {{et}} Januario, u{{s}}que
in Martium durans. Plura de hac arbore dicta in lib. III. de Arboribus.

Diu plerumque vivunt, {{et}} videre inter illos licet multos {{s}}enes, centum atque etiam viginti
{{s}}upra centum annorum, neque facile canefcunt ni{{s}}i in decrepita {{ae}}tate.

Pueri illorum ingenio {{s}}unt {{s}}atis docili: verum quando adole{{s}}centiam ingrediuntur {{s}}unt he-
betiores, ita ut paucos videas literis in{{s}}tructos, aut qui artem {{s}}cribendi norint; aut alias
artes Europ{{ae}}as; à quibus quodammodo abhorrent, laborum impatientiores.

Tranquille {{s}}atis agunt inter {{s}}e: ni{{s}}i quando poculis indulgent, tunc enim dies no{{s}}te{{s}}que
{{s}}altando {{et}} cantillando tran{{s}}igunt. Sunt enim ebrietati admodum addicti tam mulieres quam
viri: neque facile ab hoc vitio deterreri po{{s}}{{s}}unt, quod longe maximum illis e{{s}}t, {{et}} quo {{et}} rix{{ae}}
atque ali{{ae}} prav{{ae}} con{{s}}uetudines na{{s}}cuntur.

Pigritia quoque valde obnoxii {{s}}unt {{et}} fugientes laborem: pr{{ae}}{{s}}ertim Tapuy{{ae}}, qui laborum
vel maxime intolerantes {{s}}unt; nam cum paucis {{s}}int contenti, {{et}} terra abunde ip{{s}}is victum {{s}}up-
pedidet, {{et}} divitias non appetant aut norint, ad labores {{s}}ubeundos non excitantur.

Quomodo ho{{s}}pites advenientes lachrymandō excipiant f{{oe}}min{{ae}} illorum, {{et}} quibus {{s}}ermo-
nibus illos alloquantur; atque quo pacto mortuos {{s}}uos deplorent, jam ab aliis dictum e{{s}}t, pr{{ae}}-
{{s}}ertim à Joanne Lerio, qui inter Tupinambos egit, à quorum moribus c{{ae}}teri non di{{s}}{{s}}ident;
quare hic nihil repetendum duximus.

Tapuy{{ae}} autem quando pater aut mater moritur, omnes capillos capitis evellunt: de quo-
rum c{{ae}}teris moribus po{{s}}tea plura dicentur.
&lt;section end=&quot;V&quot;/&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{rh||Ll 3|{{sc|Cap.}}}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Aec</title>
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    <id>81109</id>
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      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Formula:AEC]]</comment>
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      <id>270800</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T15:38:18Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="58" sha1="pz921d5us6hx1408ntw6zxnja276ane" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Formula:AEC]]
[[Category:Formulae litterarum]]</text>
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        <username>JimKillock</username>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>Removed redirect to [[Formula:AEC]]</comment>
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[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ter</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <id>270876</id>
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        <username>JimKillock</username>
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      <text bytes="203" sha1="7o5o1kqrwj6l7erm3135sek416d94dd" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ť&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ť|ter}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Por</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>81111</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270846</id>
      <parentid>261452</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T16:45:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270846</origin>
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      <text bytes="205" sha1="bzmm938ghugjyqb1p7sganl5ya5u5bp" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typographic-long-s&quot; data-original-form=&quot;ꝑ&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Pagina|ꝑ|por}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}
[[Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Guidonis Aretini Micrologus (ed. Amelli).djvu/31</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>81222</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270912</id>
      <parentid>264004</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T18:23:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SZC 03</username>
        <id>22335</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Proofread */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1748" sha1="eqvdgf159y40jfr85pvgzooszee11gx" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;SZC 03&quot; /&gt;{{c|– 33 –}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{pt|uidem|quidem}} minime licet vel principia vel fines distinctionum ad quintas intendere, cum {{et}} ad quartas perraro soleat evenire. In authentis vero, praeter deuterum, eadem principia {{et}} fines distinctionum minime licet ad sextas intendere, plagae vero proti vel triti ad tertias intendunt; {{et}} plagae deuteri {{et}} tetrardi ad quartas intendunt.

Memineris praeterea, quod sicut usualium cantuum attestatione perhibetur, authenti vix a suo fine plus una voce descendunt. Ex quibus authentus tritus rarissime id facere propter subiectam semitonii imperfectionem videtur. Ascendunt autem autenti ad octavam {{et}} nonam, vel etiam decimam. Plagae vero ad quintas remittuntur {{et}} intenduntur. Sed intensioni sexta auctoritate tribuitur, sicut in authentis nona {{et}} decima. Plagae vero proti, deuteri, {{et}} triti aliquando in ''a'' ♮ ''c'' acutas necessario finiuntur.

Supradictae autem regulae permaxime caventur in antiphonis et responsoriis, quorum cantus ut psalmis {{et}} versibus coaptentur, oportet, communibus regulis fulciantur. Alioquin plures cantus invenies, in quibus adeo confunditur gravitas {{et}} acumen, ut non possit adverti, cui magis, id est, authento an plagae conferantur. Praeterea {{et}} in ignotorum cantuum inquisitione, praedictarum neumarum {{et}} subiunctionum appositione plurimum adiuvamur, cum talium aptitudine soni cuiusque proprietatem per vim tropicam intuemur. Est autem tropus species cantionis, qui {{et}} modus dictus est, et adhuc de eo dicendum est.


{{ct|Caput XIV.}}
{{ct|{{sc|de tropis, et virtute musicae}}}}
Horum quidam troporum exercitati usu ita proprietates {{et}} discretas facies, ut ita dicam, extemplo ut audierint, recognoscunt, sicut peritus gentium&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii/Liber I</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>82053</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270869</id>
      <parentid>265191</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:30:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
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      <text bytes="362821" sha1="ork0k9d575blwo654c61g35u4eeoyxn" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus2
|Scriptor=Maurus Servius Honoratus
|OperaeTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|OperaeWikiPagina=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|Annus=circa 380 p.Ch.n.
|SubTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidos [[Aeneis/Liber I|librum I]] commentarius
|Editio=1884, Lipsiae; [[w:de:Georg Thilo|Georg Thilo]]
|Fons=[https://archive.org/details/invergiliicarmin01servuoft/page/1/mode/1up?view=theater archive.org] (partim)
}}
&lt;div class=&quot;text&quot;&gt;
{{Liber
|Ante=
|AnteNomen=
|Post=Commentarius II
|PostNomen=../Liber II
}}

==Prooemium==
In exponendis auctoribus haec consideranda sunt: poetae uita, titulus operis, qualitas carminis, scribentis intentio, numerus librorum, ordo librorum, explanatio. Vergilii haec uita est. patre Vergilio matre Magia fuit; ciuis Mantuanus, quae ciuitas est Venetiae. diuersis in locis operam litteris dedit; nam et Cremonae et Mediolani et Neapoli studuit. adeo autem uerecundissimus fuit, ut ex moribus cognomen acceperit; nam dictus est Parthenias. omni uita probatus uno tantum morbo laborabat; nam inpatiens libidinis fuit. primum ab hoc distichon factum est in Ballistam latronem : Monte sub hoc lapidum tegitur Ballista sepultus : nocte die tutum carpe uiator iter. scripsit etiam septem siue octo libros hos : Cirin Aetnam Culicem Priapeia Catalepton Epigrammata Copam Diras. postea ortis bellis ciuilibus inter Antonium et Augustum, Augustus uictor Cremonensium agros, quia pro Antonio senserant, dedit militibus suis. qui cum non sufficerent, his addidit agros Mantuanos, sublatos non propter ciuium culpam, sed propter uicinitatem Cremonensium: unde ipse in bucolicis &quot;Mantua uae miserae nimium uicina Cremonae&quot;. amissis ergo agris Romam uenit et usus patrocinio Pollionis et Maecenatis solus agrum quem amiserat meruit. tunc ei proposuit Pollio ut carmen bucolicum scriberet, quod eum constat triennio scripsisse et emendasse. item proposuit Maecenas Georgica, quae scripsit emendauitque septem annis. postea ab Augusto Aeneidem propositam scripsit annis undecim, sed nec emendauit nec edidit: unde eam moriens praecepit incendi. Augustus uero, ne tantum opus periret, Tuccam et Varium hac lege iussit emendare, ut superflua demerent, nihil adderent tamen: unde et semiplenos eius inuenimus uersiculos, ut &quot;hic cursus fuit&quot;, et aliquos detractos, ut in principio; nam ab armis non coepit, sed sic : Ille ego, qui quondam gracili modulatus auena carmen, et egressus siluis uicina coegi ut quamuis auido parerent arua colono, gratum opus agricolis, at nunc horrentia Martis arma uirumque cano. et in secundo hos uersus constat esse detractos : aut ignibus aegra dedere. iamque adeo super unus eram, cum limina Vestae seruantem et tacitam secreta in sede latentem Tyndarida aspicio; dant clara incendia lucem erranti passimque oculos per cuncta ferenti. illa sibi infestos euersa ob Pergama Teucros et Danaum poenam et deserti coniugis iras praemetuens, Troiae et patriae communis erinys, abdiderat sese atque aris inuisa sedebat. exarsere ignes animo; subit ira cadentem ulcisci patriam et sceleratas sumere poenas. 'scilicet haec Spartam incolumis patriasque Mycenas aspiciet, partoque ibit regina triumpho, coniugiumque domumque patres natosque uidebit, Iliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris? occiderit ferro Priamus? Troia arserit igni? Dardanium totiens sudarit sanguine litus? non ita. namque etsi nullum memorabile nomen feminea in poena est, habet haec uictoria laudem : extinxisse nefas tamen et sumpsisse merentis laudabor poenas, animumque explesse iuuabit ultricis famam et cineres satiasse meorum.' talia iactabam et furiata mente ferebar, cum mihi se non ante alias. - - titulus est Aeneis, deriuatiuum nomen ab Aenea, ut a Theseo Theseis. sic Iuuenalis &quot;uexatus totiens rauci Theseide Codri&quot;. qualitas carminis patet; nam est metrum heroicum et actus mixtus, ubi et poeta loquitur et alios inducit loquentes. est autem heroicum quod constat ex diuinis humanisque personis, continens uera cum fictis; nam Aeneam ad Italiam uenisse manifestum est, Venerem uero locutam cum Ioue missumue Mercurium constat esse conpositum. est autem stilus grandiloquus, qui constat alto sermone magnisque sententiis. scimus enim tria esse genera dicendi, humile medium grandiloquum. intentio Vergilii haec est, Homerum imitari et Augustum laudare a parentibus; namque est filius Atiae, quae nata est de Iulia, sorore Caesaris, Iulius autem Caesar ab Iulo Aeneae originem ducit, ut confirmat ipse Vergilius a &quot;magno demissum nomen Iulo&quot;. de numero librorum nulla hic quaestio est, licet in aliis inueniatur auctoribus; nam Plautum alii dicunt unam et uiginti fabulas scripsisse, alii quadraginta, alii centum. ordo quoque manifestus est, licet quidam superflue dicant secundum primum esse, tertium secundum, et primum tertium, ideo quia primo Ilium concidit, post errauit Aeneas, inde ad Didonis regna peruenit, nescientes hanc esse artem poeticam, ut a mediis incipientes per narrationem prima reddamus et non numquam futura praeoccupemus, ut per uaticinationem: quod etiam Horatius sic praecepit in arte poetica &quot;ut iam nunc dicat iam nunc debentia dici, pleraque differat et praesens in tempus omittat&quot;: unde constat perite fecisse Vergilium. sola superest explanatio, quae in sequenti expositione probabitur. haec quantum ad Aeneidem pertinet dixisse sufficiat, nam bucolicorum et georgicorum alia ratio est. sciendum praeterea est quod, sicut nunc dicturi thema proponimus, ita ueteres incipiebant carmen a titulo carminis sui, ut puta &quot;arma uirumque cano&quot;, Lucanus &quot;Bella per Emathios&quot;, Statius &quot;Fraternas acies alternaque regna&quot;. 

{{ancora+|1|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|1.]]}} {{sc|'''arma'''}} multi uarie disserunt cur ab armis Vergilius coeperit, omnes tamen inania sentire manifestum est, cum eum constet aliunde sumpsisse principium, sicut in praemissa eius uita monstratum est. per 'arma' autem bellum significat, et est tropus metonymia. nam arma quibus in bello utimur pro bello posuit, sicut toga qua in pace utimur pro pace ponitur, ut Cicero &quot;cedant arma togae&quot;, id est bellum paci. alii ideo 'arma' hoc loco proprie dicta accipiunt, primo quod fuerint uictricia, secundo quod diuina, tertio quod prope semper armis uirum subiungit, ut &quot;arma uirumque ferens&quot; et &quot;arma acri facienda uiro&quot;. {{sc|'''arma virvmqve'''}} figura usitata est ut non eo ordine respondeamus quo proposuimus; nam prius de erroribus Aeneae dicit, post de bello. hac autem figura etiam in prosa utimur. sic Cicero in Verrinis &quot;nam sine ullo sumptu nostro coriis, tunicis frumentoque suppeditato maximos exercitus nostros uestiuit, aluit, armauit&quot;. non nulli autem hyperbaton putant, ut sit sensus talis 'arma uirumque cano, genus unde Latinum Albanique patres atque altae moenia Romae', mox illa reuoces 'Troiae qui primus ab oris'; sic enim causa operis declaratur, cur cogentibus fatis in Latium uenerit. et est poeticum principium professiuum 'arma uirumque cano', inuocatiuum 'Musa mihi causas memora', narratiuum 'urbs antiqua fuit'. et professiuum quattuor modis sumpsit: a duce 'arma uirumque cano', ab itinere 'Troiae qui primus ab oris', a bello 'multa quoque et bello passus', a generis successu 'genus unde Latinum'. {{sc|'''virvm'''}} quem non dicit, sed circumstantiis ostendit Aeneam. et bene addidit post 'arma' 'uirum', quia arma possunt et aliarum artium instrumenta dici, ut &quot;Cerealiaque arma&quot;. {{sc|'''cano'''}} polysemus sermo est. tria enim significat: aliquando laudo, ut &quot;regemque canebant&quot;; aliquando diuino, ut &quot;ipsa canas oro&quot;; aliquando canto, ut in hoc loco. nam proprie canto significat, quia cantanda sunt carmina. {{sc|'''troiae'''}} Troia regio est Asiae, Ilium ciuitas Troiae; plerumque tamen usurpant poetae et pro ciuitate uel regionem uel prouinciam ponunt, ut Iuuenalis &quot;et flammis Asiam ferroque cadentem&quot;. Probus ait Troiam Graios et Aiax non debere per unam i scribi. {{sc|'''qvi primvs'''}} quaerunt multi, cur Aeneam primum ad Italiam uenisse dixerit, cum paulo post dicat Antenorem ante aduentum Aeneae fundasse ciuitatem. constat quidem, sed habita temporum ratione peritissime Vergilius dixit. namque illo tempore, quo Aeneas ad Italiam uenit, finis erat Italiae usque ad Rubiconem fluuium: cuius rei meminit Lucanus et Gallica certus limes ab Ausoniis disterminat arua colonis. unde apparet Antenorem non ad Italiam uenisse, sed ad Galliam cisalpinam, in qua Venetia est. postea uero promotis usque ad Alpes Italiae finibus, nouitas creauit errorem. plerique tamen quaestionem hanc uolunt ex sequentibus solui, ut uideatur ob hoc addidisse Vergilius 'ad Lauina litora', ne significaret Antenorem. melior tamen est superior expositio. ''{{sc|'''primvs'''}} {ergo} non ante quem nemo, sed post quem nullus, ⟨ut⟩ &quot;tuque o, cui prima furentem fundit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti et hic mihi responsum primus dedit&quot;. uel laudatiue 'primus', ut &quot;primam qui legibus urbem fundabit, Curibus paruis&quot;.'' {{sc|'''ab orbis'''}} speciem pro genere; nam oras terras generaliter debemus accipere. sane praepositionem mutauit, nam 'ex oris' melius potuit dicere.

{{ancora+|2|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|2.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam'''}} ars quidem hoc exigit, ut nominibus prouinciarum praepositiones addamus, ciuitatum numquam. tamen plerumque peruerso ordine lectum est; nam ecce hoc loco detraxit prouinciae praepositionem dicens 'Italiam uenit' pro ad Italiam uenit. Tullius in Verrinis &quot;ea die Verres ad Messanam uenit&quot; pro Messanam uenit. sane sciendum est usurpari ab auctoribus, ut uel addant uel detrahant praepositiones; namque ait Vergilius &quot;siluis te, Tyrrhene, feras agitare putasti&quot; pro in siluis. ut ergo illic detraxit loco praepositionem, sic hic prouinciae. et est figura. Italia autem pars Europae est. Italus enim rex Siculorum profectus de Sicilia uenit ad loca, quae sunt iuxta Tiberim, et ex nomine suo appellauit Italiam. ibi autem habitasse Siculos ubi est Laurolauinium, manifestum est, sicut ipse alio loco dicit &quot;Siculi ueteresque Sicani et gentes uenere Sicanae saepius&quot;. sane 'Italiam' i contra naturam producta est, cum sit natura breuis. {{sc|'''fato profvgvs'''}} 'fato' ad utrumque pertinet, et quod fugit, et quod ad Italiam uenit. et bene addidit 'fato', ne uideatur aut causa criminis patriam deseruisse, aut noui imperii cupiditate. profugus autem proprie dicitur qui procul a sedibus suis uagatur, quasi porro fugatus. multi tamen ita definiunt, ut profugos eos dicant qui exclusi necessitate de suis sedibus adhuc uagantur, et simul atque inuenerint sedes, non dicantur profugi, sed exules. sed utrumque falsum est. nam et profugus lectus est qui iam sedes locauit, ut in Lucano &quot;profugique a gente uetusta Gallorum Celtae miscentes nomen Hiberis&quot;, et exul qui adhuc uagatur, ut in Sallustio &quot;qui nullo certo exilio uagabantur&quot;: adeo exilium est ipsa uagatio. quidam hic 'profugus' participium uolunt. sane non otiose fato profugum dicit Aeneam, uerum ex disciplina Etruscorum. est enim in libro qui inscribitur litterae iuris Etruriae scriptum uocibus Tagae, &quot;eum qui genus a periuris duceret, fato extorrem et profugum esse debere&quot;. porro a Laomedonte periuro genus ducit Aeneas, siquidem alibi ait &quot;satis iam pridem sanguine nostro Laomedonteae luimus periuria Troiae&quot;. {{sc|'''laviniaqve venit litora'''}} haec ciuitas tria habuit nomina. nam primum Lauinum dicta est a Lauino, Latini fratre; postea Laurentum a lauro inuenta a Latino, dum adepto imperio post fratris mortem ciuitatem augeret; postea Lauinium a Lauinia, uxore Aeneae. ergo 'Lauina' legendum est, non 'Lauinia', quia post aduentum Aeneae Lauinium nomen accepit, et aut Lauinum debuit dicere, sicut dixit, aut Laurentum. quamuis quidam superfluo esse prolepsin uelint. sane bene addidit 'Lauina', ut ostenderet ad quam partem Italiae uenisset Aeneas, quia et multi alii eo tempore ad Italiam uenerant, ut Capys, qui Capuam, Polites, qui Politorium condiderunt.

{{ancora+|3|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|3.]]}} {{sc|'''litora'''}} Laurolauinium constat octo milibus a mari remotam. nec nos debet fallere quia dixit 'Lauina litora'. litus enim dicitur terra quoque mari uicina, sicut ipse Vergilius in quarto &quot;cui litus arandum&quot;, cum per naturam litus arari non possit. ergo scire debemus, litus posse et terram dici. Fabius Maximus annalium primo &quot;tum Aeneas aegre patiebatur in eum deuenisse agrum, macerrimum litorosissimumque&quot;. {{sc|'''mvltvm ille'''}} 'multille' conlisio est. et 'ille' hoc loco abundat; est enim interposita particula propter metri necessitatem, ut stet uersus: nam si detrahas 'ille', stat sensus; 'qui primus' enim ad omnia possumus trahere. sic alio loco &quot;nunc dextra ingeminans ictus, nunc ille sinistra&quot;. est autem archaismos. aut certe 'ille', quia haec particula more antiquo aut nobilitati aut magnitudini dabatur, ut &quot;ac uelut ille canum et saucius ille&quot;. {{sc|'''et terris iactatvs'''}} fatigatus est enim apud Thraciam monstro illo, quod e tumulo Polydori sanguis emanauit, apud Cretam pestilentia, apud Strophadas insulas Harpyiis, tempestate uero et in primo et in tertio. iactamur autem in mari fluctibus, fatigamur in terris. et bene duorum elementorum mala uno sermone conplexus est. {{sc|'''et alto'''}} modo mari, quia nauigans Scyllam et Polyphemum effugit, perditus etiam est Orontes, amissus Palinurus et Misenus. altum tamen sciendum est quod et superiorem, ut &quot;Maia genitum demittit ex alto&quot; et inferiorem altitudinem significat; namque mensurae nomen est altitudo.

{{ancora+|4|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|4.]]}} {{sc|'''vi svpervm'''}} uiolentia deorum, secundum Homerum, qui dicit a Iunone rogatos esse deos in odium Troianorum: quod et Vergilius tetigit dicens &quot;uos quoque Pergameae iam fas est parcere genti, dique deaeque omnes&quot;. latenter autem defendit hac ratione Troianos, quod non suo merito eos insequebantur numina, sed Iunonis inpulsu. multi 'ui superum' posse accipi dicunt Irim Aeolum Iuturnam Iunonem, sed melius iudicant, ui quam superi habent. {{sc|'''saevae'''}} cum a iuuando dicta sit Iuno, quaerunt multi, cur eam dixerit saeuam, et putant temporale esse epitheton, quasi saeua circa Troianos, nescientes quod saeuam dicebant ueteres magnam. sic Ennius &quot;induta fuit saeua stola&quot;. item Vergilius cum ubique pium inducat Aeneam, ait &quot;maternis saeuus in armis Aeneas&quot;, id est magnus. {{sc|'''memorem ivnonis ob iram'''}} constat multa in auctoribus inueniri per contrarium significantia: pro actiuis passiua, ut &quot;pictis bellantur Amazones armis&quot;; pro passiuis actiua, ut &quot;populatque ingentem farris aceruum&quot;. et haec uarietas uel potius contrarietas inuenitur etiam in aliis partibus orationis, ut sit aduerbium pro aduerbio, ut est &quot;hoc tunc ignipotens caelo descendit ab alto&quot; pro huc; et in participio, ut &quot;et qua uectus Abas&quot; pro qua uehebatur; et in nomine, ut 'memorem Iunonis ob iram' non quae meminerat, sed quae in memoria erat. de his autem haec tantum quae lecta sunt ponimus nec ad eorum exemplum alia formamus. sane memor apud ueteres non tantum dicebatur g-ho g-memnehmenos, sed etiam g-ho g-mnehmon. et hoc per confusionem uerbi et nominis; nam 'memorem' est uerbi significatio, cum non sit nomen.

{{ancora+|5|[[Aeneis/Liber I#5|5.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta qvoqve et bello passvs'''}} hoc ad posteriores sex pertinet libros. sane duas coniunctiones separatas naturaliter nemo coniungit. sed hoc plerumque a poetis causa metri fit. ergo hic una uacat, sicut alio loco &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. Sallustius &quot;tyrannumque et Cinnam&quot;. {{sc|'''bello passvs'''}} contra Turnum. {{sc|'''dvm conderet vrbem'''}} tres hic sunt significationes. aut enim Troiam dicit, quam ut primum in Italiam uenit, fecit Aeneas, de qua ait &quot;castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit&quot; et alio loco Mercurius &quot;nec te Troia capit&quot; - Troiam autem dici quam primum fecit Aeneas, et Liuius in primo et Cato in originibus testantur - dum enim haec fieret, ab agrestibus propter uulneratum ceruum regium mota sunt bella: aut Laurolauinium, et significat 'dum' donec; tam diu enim dimicauit quam diu ad tempus faciendae ciuitatis ueniret, id est donec Turnus occumberet: aut Romam, et est sensus dummodo conderet urbem. {aut Troiam aut Laurolauinium aut Romam significat.}

{{ancora+|6|[[Aeneis/Liber I#6|6.]]}} {{sc|'''inferretqve deos latio'''}} Latium duplex est, unum a Tiberi usque ad Fundos, aliud inde usque ad Vulturnum. denique ipse dixit &quot;ueteresque Latini&quot; ideo quia scit esse etiam nouos, id est a Fundis usque ad Vulturnum. Latium autem dictum est, quod illic Saturnus latuerit. Saufeius Latium dictum ait, quod ibi latuerant incolae, qui quoniam in cauis montium uel occultis cauentes sibi a feris beluis uel a ualentioribus uel a tempestatibus habitauerint Cascei uocati sunt, quos posteri Aborigines cognominarunt, quoniam aliis ortos esse recognoscebant. ex quibus Latinos etiam dictos. {{sc|'''inferretqve deos latio'''}} hoc est in Latium. et est figura usitata apud Vergilium. quod enim per accusatiuum cum praepositione dicimus ille per datiuum ponit sine praepositione, sicut alibi &quot;it clamor caelo&quot; pro in caelum. 'deos' uero utrum penates, ut &quot;talibus attonitus uisis et uoce deorum&quot;, an se et Ascanium et posteros suos, de quibus dictum est &quot;dis genite et geniture deos&quot;? {{sc|'''genvs vnde latinvm'''}} si iam fuerunt Latini et iam Latium dicebatur, contrarium est quod dicit ab Aenea Latinos originem ducere. prima est iucunda absolutio, ut 'unde' non referas ad personam, sed ad locum; namque 'unde' aduerbium est de loco, non de ductu a persona. tamen Cato in originibus hoc dicit, cuius auctoritatem Sallustius sequitur in bello Catilinae, &quot;primo Italiam tenuisse quosdam qui appellabantur Aborigines. hos postea aduentu Aeneae Phrygibus iunctos Latinos uno nomine nuncupatos&quot;. ergo descendunt Latini non tantum a Troianis, sed etiam ab Aboriginibus. est autem uera expositio haec. nouimus quod uicti uictorum nomen accipiunt. potuit ergo uictore Aenea perire nomen Latinum. sed uolens sibi fauorem Latii conciliare nomen Latinum non solum illis non sustulit, sed etiam Troianis inposuit. merito ergo illi tribuit quod in ipso fuerat ut posset perire. unde et ipse inducit in duodecimo libro rogantem Iunonem, ne pereat nomen Latinum. item in execratione Didonis legimus &quot;nec cum se sub leges pacis iniquae tradiderit&quot;; iniqua enim pax est in qua nomen amittit ille qui uicit. sed ueteres 'unde' etiam ad personam adplicabant, ita ut ad omne genus, ad omnem numerum iungerent, ut hoc loco 'genus unde Latinum' masculino generi et numero singulari iunxit, alibi ⟨ad⟩ genus femininum et numerum pluralem refert, ut &quot;nymphae, Laurentes nymphae, genus amnibus unde est&quot;, sicut 'hinc' particulam, cum sit loci aduerbium, Terentius uetuste ad personam transtulit &quot;sed eccum Syrum incedere uideo: hinc iam scibo quid siet&quot;.

{{ancora+|7|[[Aeneis/Liber I#7|7.]]}} {{sc|'''albaniqve patres'''}} Albam ab Ascanio conditam constat, sed a quo incertum est, utrum a Creusae an a Lauiniae filio: de qua re etiam Liuius dubitat. hanc autem cum euertisset Tullus Hostilius, omnes nobiles familias Romam transtulit. et sciendum bene hunc ordinem semper seruare Vergilium, ut ante dicat Latium, inde Albam, post Romam. quod et hoc loco fecit et in quinto libro, ut &quot;priscos docuit celebrare Latinos&quot; et deinde &quot;Albani docuere suos, nunc maxima porro accepit Roma et patrium seruauit honorem&quot;. item in septimo libro &quot;mos erat Hesperio in Latio quem protinus urbes Albanae coluere sacrum, nunc maxima rerum Roma colit&quot;. {{sc|'''atqve altae moenia romae'''}} aut propter gloriam, aut propter aedificia ingentia, aut quia in montibus est posita.

{{ancora+|8|[[Aeneis/Liber I#8|8.]]}} {{sc|'''MUSA'''}} MIHI CAUSAS MEMORA 'mihi' longa hic, alibi breuis, ut &quot;mihique haec edissere uera roganti&quot;. sane in tres partes diuidunt poetae carmen suum: proponunt inuocant narrant. plerumque tamen duas res faciunt et ipsam propositionem miscent inuocationi, quod in utroque opere Homerus fecit; namque hoc melius est. Lucanus tamen ipsum ordinem inuertit; primo enim proposuit, inde narrauit, postea inuocauit, ut est &quot;nec si te pectore uates accipio&quot;. sane obseruandum est, ut non in omnibus carminibus numen aliquod inuocetur, nisi cum aliquid ultra humanam possibilitatem requirimus. hinc in arte poetica Horatius &quot;nec deus intersit nisi dignus uindice nodus inciderit&quot;. bene ergo inuocat Vergilius, non enim poterat per se iram numinis nosse. item in nono libro nisi adderet &quot;Iuno uires animumque ministrat&quot;, quis crederet Turnum euasisse de castris? et hic {{sc|'''MUSA'''}} non addidit g-menin g-aeide g-thea. sed 'musa mihi causas memora' pro adesto, ut memores. sane musas multi nouem, multi septem dixerunt. his Numa aediculam aeneam breuem fecerat, quam postea de caelo tactam et in aede Honoris et Virtutis conlocatam Fuluius Nobilior in aedem Herculis transtulit, unde aedes Herculis et Musarum appellatur. has alii uirgines perhibent; nam ideo et porcam eis sacrificari aiunt, quod multum pariat. alii eis etiam filios dant, Orpheum Linum sirenas. alii has octo, ut Athenis uisuntur, alii quattuor dicunt, alias Boeotias, alias Atthidas, alias Siculas. has musas Siculus Epicharmus non musas, sed g-homonoousas dicit. {{sc|'''QUO'''}} NUMINE LAESO 'quo' in quo, in qua causa. et est septimus casus et communis elocutio; dicimus enim 'quo te laesi'. est et alia expositio. namque Iuno multa habet numina: est Curitis, quae utitur curru et hasta, ut est &quot;hic illius arma, hic currus fuit&quot;; est Lucina, quae partibus praeest, ut &quot;Iuno Lucina fer opem&quot;; est regina, ut &quot;quae diuum incedo regina&quot;; sunt et alia eius numina. merito ergo dubitat quod eius laeserit numen Aeneas. alii tamen dicunt separandum esse, ut de odio Iunonis non dubitet, quaerat autem quod aliud numen est laesum. {{sc|'''QUO'''}} NUMINE LAESO ideo trahitur in ambiguitatem et requirit in quo Iunonis numen laesit Aeneas, quia in ipsum certa non erant odia, sed in gentem propter causas paulo post dicendas. alii 'numen' uoluntatem accipiunt. 'laeso' autem dicendo ipso uerbo ostendit, etiamsi fuisset, leuissimam culpam fuisse; non enim dixit 'uiolato' aut 'iniuriam passo'. 9 {{sc|'''QUIDVE'''}} DOLENS bene philosophice dubitauit. dicunt enim quidam ad deos nihil pertinere. {{sc|'''VOLVERE'''}} CASUS id est casibus uolui. et est figura hypallage, quae fit quotienscumque per contrarium uerba intelleguntur. sic alibi &quot;dare classibus austros&quot;, cum uentis naues demus, non nauibus uentos. item &quot;animumque labantem inpulit&quot;, hoc est inpellendo fecit labantem. 

[1,10] {{ancora+|10|[[Aeneis/Liber I#10|10.]]}} {{sc|'''INSIGNEM'''}} PIETATE VIRUM quia patrem et deos penates de Troia sustulit. et hic ostendit merito se inuocasse musam. nam si iustus est Aeneas, cur odio deorum laborat? {{ancora+|11|[[Aeneis/Liber I#11|11.]]}} {{sc|'''TANTAENE'''}} ANIMIS CAELESTIBUS IRAE hic iam non de qua litate iracundiae, sed de quantitate quaerit; nimia etenim ira est quae pietatis non habet considerationem. et hoc quidem secundum Stoicos dicit, {sed miratur, cur tantum} nam Epicurei dicunt deos humana penitus non curare. 'tantaene' quasi exclamatio est mirantis, cum es ipsa narratione sententiam trahentes nostram personam interponimus, ut &quot;'tanton' placuit concurrere motu&quot;. non nulli 'tantaene' legunt, ut interrogatio sit potius quam exclamatio. {{sc|'''ANIMIS'''}} CAELESTIBUS dis superis, nam apud inferos constat esse iracundiam, ubi sunt Furiae. 'animis' uero g-tois g-thumois. {{ancora+|12|[[Aeneis/Liber I#12|12.]]}} {{sc|'''URBS'''}} ANTIQUA FUIT urbs dicta ab orbe, quod antiquae ciuitates in orbem fiebant; uel ab uruo, parte aratri, quo muri designabantur. et 'antiqua' autem et 'fuit' bene dixit, namque et ante septuaginta annos urbis Romae condita erat, et eam deleuerat Scipio Aemilianus. quae autem nunc est postea a Romanis est condita: unde antiquam accipe et ad conparationem istius quae nunc est, et Roma antiquiorem. alii 'antiqua' nobilis, 'fuit' autem pro 'erat' accipiunt. {{sc|'''TYRII'''}} TENVERE COLONI deest 'quam', uel ut alii uolunt 'hanc': amant namque antiqui per epexegesin dicere quod nos interposito pronomine exprimimus. item &quot;est locus Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt&quot; deest 'quem'. 'coloni' autem dicuntur cultores aduenae, et hos de Tyro constat uenisse qui Carthaginem condiderunt. sane ueteres colonias ita definiunt: colonia est coetus eorum hominum qui uniuersi deducti sunt in locum certum aedificiis munitum, quem certo iure obtinerent. alii: colonia est quae graece g-apoikia uocatur; dicta autem est a colendo; est autem pars ciuium aut sociorum missa, ubi rem publicam habeant ex consensu suae ciuitatis, aut publico eius populi unde profecta est consilio. hae autem coloniae sunt quae ex consensu publico, non ex secessione sunt conditae. {{ancora+|13|[[Aeneis/Liber I#13|13.]]}} {{sc|'''ITALIAM'''}} CONTRA constat tria latera habere Italiam, superi maris, inferi, Alpium: unde tollendi erroris causa adiecit 'contra Tiberina ostia', quae in infero mari sunt. aut certe {ideo} 'Italiam contra' quasi de aemula dictum accipiamus, ut non tantum situ quantum et animis contra. Ostiam uero ideo ueteres consecratam esse uoluerunt, sicut Tiberim, ut si quid bello nauali ageretur, id auspicato fieret ex maritima et effata urbe, ut ubique coniunctum auspici, ut Tiberis, cum colonia esset. {{sc|'''LONGE'''}} ualde. Sallustius &quot;longe alia mihi mens est patres conscripti&quot;. aut certe 'maxime' uel 'praecipue', ut sit Carthago praecipue posita contra Tiberina ostia. Cicero pro Rabirio &quot;et cum uniuerso populo Romano, tum uero equestri ordini longe carissimus&quot;. 'Tiberina' autem pro Tiberis posuit. quidam sane ita uolunt iungi, non 'longe ostia', sed 'longe diues', id est ualde diues. {{ancora+|14|[[Aeneis/Liber I#14|14.]]}} {{sc|'''DIVES'''}} OPUM modo tantum diues dicimus, antiqui adiungebant cuius rei, ut &quot;diues equum, diues pictai uestis et auri&quot; iungentes tantum genetiuo casui. {{sc|'''STVDIISQUE'''}} ASPERRIMA BELLI causam ostendit mirabilem, dicens hos esse et bellicosos et diuites, cum otiosa semper sit opulentia. iure ergo hanc diligit Iuno et uult orbis regna sortiri. quae res odia eius in Troianos exagitat. et bene 'studiis', non 'studio', quia ter rebellauit contra populum Romanum. {{ancora+|15|[[Aeneis/Liber I#15|15.]]}} {{sc|'''FERTVR'''}} dicitur. et ingenti arte Vergilius, ne in rebus fabulosis aperte utatur poetarum licentia, quasi opinionem sequitur et per transitum poetico utitur more. uel certe 'fertur' creditur. {{sc|'''MAGIS'''}} pro ualde. {{ancora+|16|[[Aeneis/Liber I#16|16.]]}} {{sc|'''POSTHABITA'''}} non contempta, sed in secundis habita; namque in superiore uersu dixit 'magis', ut etiam originali loco seruetur adfectio. {{sc|'''SAMO'''}} sic Iuuenalis &quot;et Samia genetrix quae delectatur harena&quot;. {{sc|'''COLUISSE'''}} SAMO deest 'etiam', ut esset 'posthabita etiam Samo'. 'coluisse' autem, quia ueteres colere dicebant etiam cum maior minorem diligeret, ut &quot;ille colit terras&quot;. Plautus in Poenulo &quot;Iuppiter qui genus colis alisque hominum&quot;. {{sc|'''HIC'''}} ILLIUS ARMA figura creberrima aduerbium pro aduerbio posuit, praesentis loci pro absentis; debuit enim dicere 'illic'. {{sc|'''ARMA'''}} instructam armis Iunonem in alio loco ipse testatur, ut &quot;ferro accincta uocat&quot;. {{ancora+|17|[[Aeneis/Liber I#17|17.]]}} {{sc|'''CURRUS'''}} aut uere currum quo secundum Homerum in bello utitur, aut thensam significat, qua deorum simulacra portantur. thensa autem cum aspiratione scribitur g-apo g-tou g-theiou, id est a re diuina. aut certe illud 'currus' quod ait &quot;ductos alta ad donaria currus&quot;. habere enim Iunonem currus certum est. sic autem esse etiam in sacris Tiburtibus constat, ubi sic precantur &quot;Iuno curitis tuo curru clipeoque tuere meos curiae uernulas&quot;. sane {{sc|'''HIC'''}} ILLIUS ARMA, HIC CURRUS FUIT quotienscumque nomina pluralis et singularis numeri conectuntur, respondemus uiciniori, ut ecce hoc loco currui, non armis respondit. eadem et in diuersis generibus est obseruatio, ut magis uicino, siue masculinum sit siue femininum respondeamus, ut puta 'uir et mulier magna ad me uenit'. si autem plurali numero uelimus uti, ad masculinum transeamus necesse est, ut 'uir et mulier magni ad me uenerunt'. sane 'fuit' pro fuerat. {{sc|'''GENTIBUS'''}} pro gentium, datiuum pro genetiuo. {{ancora+|18|[[Aeneis/Liber I#18|18.]]}} {{sc|'''SIQUA'''}} 'qua' uacat et est ornatus causa positum, ut 'que' 'tandem' 'gentium' 'locorum' et reliqua, ut &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. {{sc|'''IAM'''}} TUM ex quo constituta est a Tyriis colonis. {{sc|'''TENDITQUE'''}} FOVETQUE figurate dixit. non enim iam regnum fouet, sed tendit et fouet, ut regnum esse possit. et bene 'tendit', tamquam contra uerum, 'fouet' autem tamquam inbecillam aduersus Troianorum conatus. {{sc|'''PROGENIEM'''}} uel Romanos, uel ut quidam uolunt Scipionem, qui Carthaginem diruit. {{ancora+|19|[[Aeneis/Liber I#19|19.]]}} {{sc|'''DUCI'''}} ductum iri. infinitiui modi a passiuo tempus praesens pro futuro posuit, uerbum pro uerbo, ut supra ostensum est. 

[1,20] {{ancora+|20|[[Aeneis/Liber I#20|20.]]}} {{sc|'''AVDIERAT'''}} a Ioue aut a Fatis. non enim omnia numina habent diuinandi facultatem; denique ne ipse quidem Apollo sua sponte diuinat, ut est &quot;quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo praedixit&quot;. et perite 'audierat'; in Ennio enim inducitur Iuppiter promittens Romanis excidium Carthaginis. {{sc|'''AVDIERAT'''}} bene audierat quasi de incertis rebus, ut et timeret et speraret omnia pro sua uoluntate posse mutari. {{sc|'''TYRIAS'''}} ARCES Carthaginem dicit, quam Tyrii condiderunt. 'arces' autem ab eo quod est arceo dictae, quia inde hostes arcentur, id est prohibentur; et arcus, genus teli, quod huius ministerio sagittae arceant hostem. sane per confusionem uerbi et nominis dictum est; nam 'arces' est uerbum, arceo arces, cum non sit nomen. {{sc|'''OLIM'''}} quandoque. et tria tempora significat: praeteritum, ut &quot;olim arbos, nunc artificis manus aere decoro inclusit patribusque dedit gestare Latinis&quot;; praesens, ut &quot;tumidis quod fluctibus olim tunditur&quot;; futurum, ut &quot;nunc olim quocumque dabunt se tempore uires&quot;. {{ancora+|21|[[Aeneis/Liber I#21|21.]]}} {{sc|'''HINC'''}} POPVLUM LATE REGEM a Romanis. laudat autem eorum imperium dicendo 'populum regem'. {{sc|'''LATE'''}} REGEM pro late regnaturum, nomen pro participio. quidam hoc demokratikos intellegunt. et 'hinc populum late regem belloque superbum uenturum excidio Libyae sic uoluere parcas' in Probi adpuncti sunt et adnotatum &quot;hi duo si eximantur, nihilo minus sensus integer erit&quot;. sed Vergilius amat aliud agens exire in laudes populi Romani. {{sc|'''SUPERBUM'''}} nobilem, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;. {{sc|'''BELLOQUE'''}} SUPERBUM id est eminentem, gloriosum. {{ancora+|22|[[Aeneis/Liber I#22|22.]]}} {{sc|'''VENTVRUM'''}} futurum, ut &quot;idem uenturos tollemus in astra nepotes&quot;. {{sc|'''VENTVRUM'''}} EXCIDIO ad excidium. nota figura. {{sc|'''LIBYAE'''}} Carthaginis. et prouinciam pro ciuitate posuit. dicta autem Libya uel quod inde libs fiat, hoc est africus, uel ut Varro ait, quasi LIPIUIA, id est egens pluuiae. sic Sallustius &quot;caelo terraque penuria aquarum&quot;. {{sc|'''VOLVERE'''}} PARCAS aut a filo traxit 'uoluere' aut a libro; una enim loquitur, altera scribit, alia fila deducit. et dictae sunt parcae g-kata g-antiphrasin, quod nulli parcant, sicut lucus a non lucendo, bellum a nulla re bella. nomina parcarum Clotho Lachesis Atropos. {{ancora+|23|[[Aeneis/Liber I#23|23.]]}} {{sc|'''ID'''}} METVENS bis idem. archaismos. sane de futuro timor est, odium de praeteritis. metuebat ergo Carthagini, odium autem habebat propter causas sequentes. et est de utroque exemplum &quot;conueniunt quibus aut odium crudele tyranni aut metus acer erat&quot;. {{sc|'''VETERIS'''}} BELLI quantum ad Vergilium pertinet, antiqui; si ad Iunonem referas, diu id est per decennium gesti. tunc autem ad personam referendum est, cum ipsa loquitur; quod si nulla persona sit, ad poetam refertur. nunc ergo 'ueteris' ex persona poetae intellegendum. sic ipse in alio loco &quot;mirantur dona Aeneae, mirantur Iulum flagrantesque dei uultus&quot; partem ad se rettulit, partem ad Tyrios, qui deum eum esse nesciebant. {{sc|'''SATVRNIA'''}} antonomasia est, non epitheton; quae fit quotiens pro proprio nomine ponitur quod potest esse cum proprio nomine et epitheton dici. 'Saturnia' autem nomen quasi ad crudelitatem aptum posuit; Vergilius enim ubicumque Ioui uel Iunoni Saturni nomen adiungit, causas eis crudelitatis adnectit, ut &quot;nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aequis&quot;. et alibi &quot;es germana Iouis Saturnique altera proles: irarum tantos uoluis sub pectore fluctus&quot;. {{ancora+|24|[[Aeneis/Liber I#24|24.]]}} {{sc|'''PRIMA'''}} atqui Hercules prior contra Troianos pugnauit: unde modo 'prima' princeps accipienda est. nam poeta plerumque significationem nominum dat participiis, uel contra, ut &quot;uoluentibus annis&quot;, significat enim uolubilibus. hac licentia et in hoc nomine usus est, ut primam pro principe poneret. {{sc|'''PRIMA'''}} inter primos; alii pro olim; alii 'prima' simpliciter, postea enim alii dii interesse coeperunt; alii 'prima' non ordine, sed uoluntate. aliter &quot;primusque Machaon&quot;; ibi enim in primis intellegitur. {{sc|'''AD'''}} TROIAM 'ad' et 'apud' accusatiuae sunt praepositiones, sed 'apud' semper in loco significat, 'ad' et in loco et ad locum, ut &quot;ad quem tum Iuno supplex his uocibus usa est, et Cicero decem fiscos ad senatorem quendam relictos&quot;, item &quot;ad Marcum Laecam te habitare uelle dixisti&quot;. {{sc|'''CARIS'''}} ARGIS illic enim eam coli omnibus notum est. Argos autem in numero singulari generis neutri est, ut Horatius &quot;aptum dicet equis Argos ditesque Mycenas&quot;, in plurali numero masculini, ut hi Argi. ceterum deriuatio nominis Argiuos facit, non Argos. {{ancora+|25|[[Aeneis/Liber I#25|25.]]}} {{sc|'''NECDUM'''}} ETIAM aduerbium temporis. quis ante hunc? {{sc|'''CAVSAE'''}} IRARUM nunc de praeteritis loquitur. non nulli tamen pro causa et dolore dictum accipiunt. {{sc|'''SAEVI'''}} autem {{sc|'''DOLORES'''}} quod saeuire faciant. {{ancora+|26|[[Aeneis/Liber I#26|26.]]}} {{sc|'''ALTA'''}} MENTE REPOSTUM secreta, recondita. 'repostum' autem syncope est; unam enim de medio syllabam tulit. sed cum omnes sermones aut integri sint aut pathos habeant, hi qui pathos habent ita ut lecti sunt debent poni: quod etiam Maro fecit, nam &quot;repostos&quot; et &quot;porgite&quot; de Ennio transtulit: integris autem et ipsis utimur et eorum exemplo aliis. {{ancora+|27|[[Aeneis/Liber I#27|27.]]}} {{sc|'''IVDICIUM'''}} PARIDIS nota fabula est de malo aureo, Paridem pro Venere contra Iunonem Mineruamque iudicasse de forma. et bene 'iudicium Paridis', non fauor, ne re uera uideatur offensa. sic enim agit poeta, ut et Iuno causas irascendi habeat, et tamen in Aenea nulla sit culpa. {{sc|'''SPRETAEQUE'''}} INIVRIA FORMAE epexegesis est, hoc enim fuit iudicium Paridis: ut 'que' particula uacet, sicut illo loco &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. licet multi separent dicentes aliud esse; numquam enim coniunctio ponitur nisi inter duas res. et 'spretae formae' referunt ad Antigonam, Laomedontis filiam, quam a Iunone propter formae adrogantiam in ciconiam constat esse conuersam. {{ancora+|28|[[Aeneis/Liber I#28|28.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} GENUS INVISUM propter Dardanum Electrae paelicis filium. {{sc|'''RAPTI'''}} stuprati, ut est &quot;rapta Garamantide nympha&quot;. item &quot;et raptas sine more Sabinas&quot;. uel certe quod ad caelum raptus sit a Ioue per aquilam, ut &quot;sublimem pedibus rapuit Iouis armiger uncis&quot;. {{sc|'''GANYMEDIS'''}} HONORES Troi, regis Troianorum, filii. 'honores' autem dixit uel propter ministerium poculorum, quod exhibuit diis remota Hebe, Iunonis filia, uel quod inter sidera conlocatus aquarii nomen accepit. ergo irascitur Iuno quod non ob hoc tantum raptus sit, ut pocula ministraret, sed quod ideo uiolatus sit, ut diuinos honores consequeretur. aut 'honores' propter formam, ut &quot;et laetos oculis adflarat honores&quot;. sane hic Ganymedes Latine Catamitus dicitur, licet Theodotius, qui Iliacas res perscripsit, hunc fuisse Belin Chaldaeum dicat et Laomedonti praedixisse, tunc perituram et ciuitatem et regnum Troianum, cum de monte Metios sponte fuisset saxum elapsum: quod cum euenisset, postea Ilium esse dirutam. {{ancora+|29|[[Aeneis/Liber I#29|29.]]}} {{sc|'''HIS'''}} ACCENSA SUPER 'his super' aut de his, aut super metum Carthaginis his quoque accensa. 

[1,30] {{ancora+|30|[[Aeneis/Liber I#30|30.]]}} {{sc|'''TROAS'''}} bona oeconomia ostendit, totum genus Troianorum inuisum fuisse Iunoni, quia inlaturus est Mineruam ob unius hominis delictum etiam eos quos amauerat perdidisse. {{sc|'''RELLIQUIAS'''}} ut stet uersus geminauit, nam in prosa reliquias dicimus. 'relliquias' autem 'Danaum' dupliciter et a Troianis et a Graecis dici possunt, ut &quot;et nostro sequitur de uulnere sanguis&quot;. {{sc|'''ATQUE'''}} INMITIS ACHILLI bene secundum Homerum segregat duces a populo. sic Aeneas in secundo post omnium casum Priami separauit interitum, ut &quot;forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras&quot;. inmitem autem dixit etiam circa extinctum crudelem. et ideo intulit Achillem praecipue, quod Aeneas cum Achille congressus sit et ut in quinto ait Neptuni beneficio liberatus. {{sc|'''ACHILLI'''}} propter homoioteleuton detraxit s litteram, quae plerumque pro sibilo habetur non solum necessitatis, sed etiam euphoniae causa: nam alibi ipse ait &quot;nec equis adspirat Achillis&quot;: ut Sallustius &quot;a principio urbis ad bellum Persi Macedonicum&quot;. detrahitur autem tertiae declinationis genetiuo. sane apud Sigeum Achillis statua fuisse dicitur, quae in lanna, id est in extima auris parte elenchum more femineo habuerit. hic apud Cretam insulam pemptus uocatus est, ut ueteres auctores tradunt. {{ancora+|31|[[Aeneis/Liber I#31|31.]]}} {{sc|'''ARCEBAT'''}} prohibebat. significat autem et 'continet'. Ennius &quot;qui fulmine claro omnia per sonitus arcet&quot;, id est continet. {{ancora+|32|[[Aeneis/Liber I#32|32.]]}} {{sc|'''ACTI'''}} FATIS nulla Iunonis inuidia est. {{sc|'''ACTI'''}} FATIS si odio Iunonis fatigabantur, quo modo dicit 'acti fatis'? sed hoc ipsum Iunonis odium fatale est. laborat enim Vergilius nihil Troianorum meritis, sed omnia fatis adscribere. est et alter sensus; nam fatum uoluntatem legimus, ut &quot;fatis Iunonis iniquae&quot;, id est uoluntate, ut hic intellegamus, agebantur fatis Iunonis, id est uoluntate. uel 'fatis' pro malis, ut &quot;nate Iliacis exercite fatis&quot;. {{sc|'''MARIA'''}} OMNIA {{sc|'''CIRCUM'''}} in fine accentum ponimus contra morem Latinum: sed corruptio hoc facit; namque praepositio postposita corrupta est sine dubio. {{ancora+|33|[[Aeneis/Liber I#33|33.]]}} {{sc|'''MOLIS'''}} difficultatis. in sequentibus proprie &quot;miratur molem Aeneas&quot;. {{sc|'''ROMANAM'''}} CONDERE GENTEM latenter ostendit hinc odium Iunonis Aeneam pertulisse, quod Romanae gentis auctor extabat. {{ancora+|34|[[Aeneis/Liber I#34|34.]]}} {{sc|'''VIX'''}} hoc loco mox significat uel statim. {{sc|'''E'''}} CONSPECTU ut adhuc de Sicilia possent uideri. et ut Homerus omisit initia belli Troiani, sic hic non ab initio coepit erroris. {{ancora+|35|[[Aeneis/Liber I#35|35.]]}} {{sc|'''LAETI'''}} uel alacres et ueloces, ut est &quot;et laetus eois Eurus equis&quot;, item &quot;et uirgea laetus pabula&quot;, id est festinus, cum intentione; uel re uera laeti, quamquam incongruum sit post Anchisae mortem. sed et interitus senum minus doletur, et 'magis laetos' intellegendum est, ut sit causa maior iracundiae. sic enim et in septimo Iuno irascitur, ubi &quot;laetum Aenean Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno&quot;. uel 'laeti' g-prothumoi, ut &quot;omnisque iuuentus laeta&quot;. {{sc|'''SALIS'''}} maris secundum Homerum. salem autem quo utimur singulari numero tantum dicimus; cum iocos significamus pluralem tantum ponimus numerum, ut Lucanus &quot;non soliti lusere sales&quot;. aliquando autem etiam urbanitatem per singularem numerum significamus, ut Terentius &quot;qui habet salem, quod in te est&quot;, id est quae res in te est, masculini enim generis est, non neutri: et neutra triptota sunt, nec ab hoc accusatiuo nominatiuus esse potest 'hoc salem'. {{ancora+|36|[[Aeneis/Liber I#36|36.]]}} {{sc|'''SUB'''}} PECTORE pro in pectore. {{sc|'''VVLNUS'''}} de praeterito dolorem dixit, de futuro metum, ad utrumque 'uulnus' rettulit. {{ancora+|37|[[Aeneis/Liber I#37|37.]]}} {{sc|'''HAEC'''}} SECUM subaudimus locuta est, deest enim. et hoc fictum est, ut superius diximus. unde enim hoc sciret poeta? bene autem inpatientiam doloris ostendit detrahendo ei solatia, ut in quarto solam inducit Didonem &quot;en quid ago?&quot; {{sc|'''HAEC'''}} SECUM quia uehementior adfectus est sine conscio, ut &quot;et casum insontis mecum indignabar amici&quot; et &quot;crudelia secum fata Lyci&quot;. e contrario &quot;quicum partiri curas&quot;. {{sc|'''MENE'''}} 'ne' non uacat, significat enim ergo et est coniunctio rationalis. {{sc|'''INCEPTO'''}} DESISTERE tolerabilius enim est non inchoare, quam incepta deserere, ut Terentius &quot;uerum si incipias, neque pertendas nauiter&quot;. et 'mene' sic habet emphasin, ut &quot;ast ego, quae diuum incedo regina&quot;. {{sc|'''VICTAM'''}} sic et in septimo &quot;uincor ab Aenea&quot;. se uictam pronuntiat uelut uictam. alii iratam tradunt. {{ancora+|38|[[Aeneis/Liber I#38|38.]]}} {{sc|'''NEC'''}} POSSE ITALIA detraxit more suo praepositionem prouinciae; non enim dixit 'de Italia', sed 'Italia'. TEUCRORUM quia Teucer et Scamandrus Creta profecti Troiam uenerunt. facta ascensione hospitio a Dardano accepti de aduenis ciues facti, quia Batiam, Teucri filiam, Dardanus sibi iunxit et populares suos socero cognomines fecit. AVERTERE id est in perpetuum. REGEM hoc est, quia nihil amisit, rex est. et mire Aeneam noluit nominare. honorantur enim minores a maioribus si suo nomine fuerint nominati, ut &quot;Aeole, namque tibi&quot;. contra contumelia est si maiores a minoribus suo nomine nominantur, ut &quot;Iunonis grauis ira&quot;. et &quot;pacem te poscimus omnes Turne&quot;. et bene 'regem' inuidiose; non enim dixit Troianos, sed unum hominem Troianum. {{ancora+|39|[[Aeneis/Liber I#39|39.]]}} {{sc|'''QUIPPE'''}} VETOR FATIS re uera, inquit, fata me prohibent. ergo Iuno ignorat uim fatorum. sed hoc non possumus dicere, quia superius lectum est &quot;si qua fata sinant et audierat&quot;. hoc ergo est. omnis res hominum aut ex nostra uoluntate descendit, ut puta sedere surgere; aut ex fati necessitate, ut nasci mori; aut ex deorum uoluntate, ut nauigare uel honoribus frui. nunc de nauigatione agitur; et bene inuidiose, quasi etiam huius rei potestatem ei possint fata detrahere. est et alter sensus latens, ut speret se reginam contra exulum fata posse aliquid, si Mineruae numen inferius ualuit contra fata uictorum. PALLASNE Minerua g-apo g-tou g-pallein g-to g-doru, id est ab hastae concussione; uel quod Pallantem gigantem occiderit. sane opportune hic Aiacis naufragium ad exemplum adfert, cum de naufragio Aeneae cogitat. et cum bellum meditatur, belli exemplum adfert &quot;Mars perdere gentem inmanem Lapithum ualuit&quot;. 'ne' autem coniunctio expletiua uidetur. an aliter? EXVRERE exuri dicitur de quo nihil superest, ut &quot;quid memorem exustas Erycino in litore classes?&quot; CLASSEM ad inuidiam posuit, ut pro una naui classem dicat. sic Venus &quot;nauibus infandum amissis&quot;, cum Orontes solus perisset. aut re uera unam nauem significat, ut Horatius &quot;me uel extremos Numidarum in agros classe releget&quot;. classis enim dicta est g-apo g-tohn g-kalohn, id est a lignis, unde et calones dicuntur qui ligna militibus portant, et g-kalopodia. 

[1,40] {{ancora+|40|[[Aeneis/Liber I#40|40.]]}} {{sc|'''ARGIVUM'''}} quasi et illud contra fata. et 'Argiuum' pro Argiuorum; uidetur autem specie accusatiui singularis pro genetiuo plurali usus. et bene 'Argiuum' quasi quos ipsa Iuno amat, ut supra &quot;pro caris gesserat Argis&quot;. POTVIT ad illud refertur quod superius dixit 'nec posse'. et inuidiose potentiam Mineruae exaggerat, quae uno tempore et exurere potuit et submergere. {{ancora+|41|[[Aeneis/Liber I#41|41.]]}} {{sc|'''UNIUS'''}} OB NOXAM in istis sermonibus unius illius ipsius naturaliter media producitur syllaba, sed cum opus est corripitur hac excusatione: nam quotiens uocalem longam uocalis sequitur, ei uires detrahit, ut est &quot;insulae Ionio in magno et sub Ilio alto&quot;. et ob hoc mutant accentum; in Latino enim sermone cum paenultima corripitur, antepaenultima habet accentum, ut hoc loco 'unius ob noxam' et contra &quot;nauibus infandum amissis unius ob iram prodimur&quot;. NOXAM pro 'noxiam'. et hoc interest inter noxam et noxiam, quod noxia culpa est, noxa autem poena. quidam noxa quae nocuit, noxia id quod nocitum accipiunt. sane latenter tangit historiam; dicitur enim Minerua in tantum ob uitiatam Cassandram in templo suo solius Aiacis poena non fuisse contenta, ut postea per oraculum de eius regno quotannis unam nobilem puellam iusserit Ilium sibi ad sacrificium mitti, et quod est amplius, de ea tribu, de qua Aiax fuerat, sicut Annaeus Placidus refert. FURIAS amorem, ut in bucolicis &quot;seu quicumque furor&quot;. alii sic accipiunt, quasi illum in furore deliquisse dicat, Troianos scientes. OILI Oilei. et non uacat; nam et duo Aiaces fuerunt, et ambo furuerunt, sed ira armorum Telamonius, hic amore, qui Cassandram in templo Mineruae capto Ilio stuprauit. et est graeca figura, si dicamus 'Aeneas Anchisae' et subaudiamus filius. hac autem figura utimur circa patres et circa maritos tantum, ut Vergilius &quot;Deiphobe Glauci&quot;, id est filia, et &quot;Hectoris Andromache&quot;, id est uxor. sane hic Aiax, Oilei filius a multis historicis Graecis tertiam manum dicitur post tergum habuisse quod ideo dicitur fictum, quia sic celeriter utebatur in proelio manibus, ut tertiam habere putaretur. {{ancora+|42|[[Aeneis/Liber I#42|42.]]}} {{sc|'''IPSA'''}} bene ipsa; dulcis enim est propria manu quaesita uindicta: unde plus dolet Iuno alienis se uiribus niti, ut Aeoli uel inferorum, sicut ipsa &quot;flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta mouebo&quot;. RAPIDUM uelocem, ut est &quot;cum rapidus sol nondum hiemem contingit equis, iam praeterit aestas&quot; item &quot;rapidiue potentia solis&quot;. {sed} cum Varro diuinarum quinto quattuor diis fulmina adsignet, inter quos et Mineruae, quaeritur, cur Minerua Iouis fulmen miserit. antiqui Iouis solius putauerunt esse fulmen, nec id unum esse, ut testantur Etrusci libri de fulguratura, in quibus duodecim genera fulminum scripta sunt, ita ut est Iouis Iunonis Mineruae, sic quoque aliorum: nam de Iunonis fulmine Accius ait &quot;praeferuido fulgore ardor iniectus Iunonis dextra ingenti incidit&quot;. quare tum non posuit Mineruam misisse fulmen suum? sed multi dicunt, habere quidem Mineruam ut Iouem et Iunonem fulmen, sed non tantum ualere, ut uindictam suam possit implere, nisi usa esset Iouis fulmine: unde merito queritur Iuno, Mineruam, cum de numero minorum sit qui fulmen habent, usam tamen Iouis fulmine. IACVLATA in libris Etruscorum lectum est iactus fulminum manubias dici et certa esse numina possidentia fulminum iactus, ut Iouem Vulcanum Mineruam. cauendum ergo est, ne aliis hoc numinibus demus. et 'iaculata' pro iaculans, participium passiuum pro actiuo. E NUBIBUS secundum physicos qui dicunt conlisione nubium fulmen creari. et indignatur Iuno, quod, cum nubes suae sint, pariter eis Minerua ac Iouis fulmine usa sit, cum sibi neutrum prosit. {{ancora+|43|[[Aeneis/Liber I#43|43.]]}} {{sc|'''DISIECITQUE'''}} quidam uolunt fulminum genera quattuor esse: unum quod dicitur dissiciens idemque fragosum, alterum transfigens, tertium corripiens, quartum infigens: quas omnes species more suo in unius fulguris descriptione attigit dicens primum 'disiecitque rates', secundum 'illum expirantem transfixo pectore', tertium 'turbine corripuit', quartum 'scopuloque infixit acuto'. RATES abusiue naues; nam proprie rates sunt conexae inuicem trabes. Varro ad Ciceronem &quot;ratis dicta nauis longa propter remos, quod hi supra aquam sublati dextra et sinistra duas rates efficere uidentur. ratis enim, unde hoc translatum, ubi plures mali aut trabes iuncti aqua ducuntur. hinc nauiculae cum remis ratariae dicuntur&quot;. {{ancora+|44|[[Aeneis/Liber I#44|44.]]}} {{sc|'''ILLUM'''}} auctorem scilicet criminis. EXPIRANTEM FLAMMAS non animam dicit 'flammas', sed cum anima fulminis flammas uomentem. et ut superius pleno nomini adiecit 'opum', id est &quot;diues opum&quot;, sic hic uerbo; cum enim plenum sit 'expirantem', addidit 'flammas', ut alio loco 'animas', ut &quot;confixi expirant animas&quot;. alii 'expirantem' anhelantem accipiunt. Probus et 'tempore' legit, ut ipse &quot;liquefacto tempora plumbo&quot;. sed qui legunt 'pectore' de Accio translatum adfirmant, qui ait in Clytemestra de Aiace &quot;in pectore fulmen inchoatum flammam ostentabat Iouis&quot;. qui 'tempore' legunt de topica historia tractum dicunt; nam Ardeae in templo Castoris et Pollucis in laeua intrantibus post forem Capaneos pictus est fulmen per utraque tempora traiectus. et singulare nomen pro plurali. totius autem Italiae curiosissimum fuisse Vergilium multifariam apparet. {{ancora+|45|[[Aeneis/Liber I#45|45.]]}} {{sc|'''TURBINE'''}} uolubilitate uentorum. SCOPVLO saxo eminenti. 'scopulus' autem aut a speculando dictus est, aut a tegimento nauium, g-apo g-tou g-skepazein. contigerunt autem ista circa Caphereum montem Euboeae. INFIXIT Cornutus ait 'inflixit' uerius, quod sit uehementius. {{ancora+|46|[[Aeneis/Liber I#46|46.]]}} {{sc|'''AST'''}} EGO nunc conparat singula. et ne leue esset quod dixerat 'ego', addidit 'deorum regina'; sic Sallustius &quot;uos autem, hoc est populus Romanus&quot;. DIVUM autem pro diuorum, sicut 'Argiuum'. INCEDO incedere proprie est nobilium personarum, hoc est cum aliqua dignitate ambulare, ut &quot;regina ad templum forma pulcherrima Dido incessit et aut iaculo incedit melior&quot;, Sallustius &quot;sed incedunt per ora uestra magnifici&quot;. {{ancora+|47|[[Aeneis/Liber I#47|47.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} SOROR ET CONIVNX physici Iouem aetherem, id est ignem uolunt intellegi, Iunonem uero aerem, et quoniam tenuitate haec elementa paria sunt, dixerunt esse germana. sed quoniam Iuno, hoc est aer, subiectus est igni, id est Ioui, iure superposito elemento mariti traditum nomen est. Iouem autem a iuuando dixerunt; nulla enim res sic fouet omnia, quemadmodum calor. TOT ANNOS licenter in istis elocutionibus et accusatiuo et ablatiuo utimur. dicimus enim et 'tota nocte legi' et 'totam noctem legi'. honestior tamen elocutio est per accusatiuum. sane 'tot annos' continuationem significat, 'tot annis' autem interuallum. {{ancora+|48|[[Aeneis/Liber I#48|48.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} QUISQUAM non Troianorum, sed omnium generaliter. IVNONIS autem pro 'meum', nomen pro pronomine. {{ancora+|49|[[Aeneis/Liber I#49|49.]]}} {{sc|'''PRAETEREA'''}} postea, ut &quot;praeterea uidit, nec portitor Orci amplius obiectam passus transire paludem&quot;. SUPPLEX breuiter utrumque dixit; aut enim suscipiuntur uota precibus, aut honore redduntur. et ostendere uult, non solum non sibi supplicandum, sed nec simplici ueneratione dignam futuram. 

[1,50] {{ancora+|50|[[Aeneis/Liber I#50|50.]]}} {{sc|'''TALIA'''}} FLAMMATO quod superius intermiserat nunc reddidit. nam dixerat superius 'haec secum' et modo ait 'uolutans', id est cogitans. multi sane 'talia uolutans' talia reuolutans accipiunt. {{ancora+|51|[[Aeneis/Liber I#51|51.]]}} {{sc|'''NIMBORUM'''}} nimbi nunc uentos significant, plerumque nubes uel pluuias: ergo prout locus fuerit intellegamus. proprie tamen nimbi uocantur repentinae et praecipites pluuiae; nam pluuias dicimus lentas et iuges. et figurate 'patriam, loca'; unum enim uarietas ipsa significat. LOCA FETA nunc plena, ut alio loco &quot;feta armis&quot;. sciendum est autem fetam dici et grauidam et partu liberatam, ut &quot;fecerat et uiridi fetam Mauortis in antro&quot;; enixam autem eam fuisse lac, quod pueris praebebatur, ostendit. item fetam grauidam illo loco ostendit, &quot;non insueta graues temptabunt pabula fetas&quot;. ergo quia feta medius sermo est, bene hoc loco epitheto discreuit, dicens 'graues fetas', ut bonum facinus et malum facinus dicimus, bonum uenenum et malum uenenum. AVSTRIS figura est celebrata apud Vergilium: et est species pro genere. legerat apud Ennium &quot;furentibus uentis&quot;, sed quasi asperum fugit et posuit 'austris' pro uentis. {{ancora+|52|[[Aeneis/Liber I#52|52.]]}} {{sc|'''AEOLIAM'''}} VENIT nouem insulae, quae sunt post fretum Siciliae, appellantur Aeoliae ab Aeolo rege, Hippotae filio, licet habeant et propria nomina. unde et Vergilius ait &quot;Aeoliam Liparen&quot;. poetae quidem fingunt hunc regem esse uentorum, sed ut Varro dicit, rex fuit insularum, ex quarum nebulis et fumo Vulcaniae insulae praedicens futura flabra uentorum inperitis uisus est uentos sua potestate retinere. AEOLIAM VENIT in Aeoliam. detraxit ⟨praepositionem⟩, ut &quot;Italiam fato&quot;. Aeolus Hippotae siue Iouis siue Neptuni filius. qui cum immineret bellum, quo Tyrrhenus, Lipari frater, Peloponnesum uastare proposuisset, missus ab Agamemnone, ut freta tueretur, peruenit ad Liparum, qui supra dictas insulas regebat imperio, factaque amicitia Cyanam filiam eius in matrimonium sumpsit et Strongulam insulam in qua maneret accepit. HIC illic, ut superius &quot;hic currus fuit&quot;. VASTO ANTRO physica ratione hoc fingit poeta. naturale enim est ut loca concaua plena sint uentis. sane 'uasto' pro desolato ueteres ponebant. Ennius Iphigenia &quot;quae nunc abs te uiduae et uastae uirgines sunt&quot;. ponebant et pro magno. Clodius commentariorum &quot;uasta: inania magna&quot;. {{ancora+|53|[[Aeneis/Liber I#53|53.]]}} {{sc|'''LUCTANTES'''}} elaborantes egredi uel inter se saeuientes. SONORAS graues sonis, et est tempestatis epitheton. ordo autem talis est, Aeolus uentos et tempestates sonoras uasto antro premit. quidam 'sonoras' semper strepentes tradunt, ut &quot;fluminibusque sonoris&quot;; nam sonorum est quidquid sine intermissione sonum seruat, sonans uero quod ad tempus auditur. male autem quidam accipiunt 'sonoras' pro sonantes, cum sit proprium 'sonoras', ut g-thalassa g-te g-ehchehessa. aliud est enim g-ehchousa, id est sonans. {{ancora+|54|[[Aeneis/Liber I#54|54.]]}} {{sc|'''AC'''}} VINCLIS ET CARCERE FRENAT translatio est per poeticam licentiam facta. carcer autem est undecumque prohibemur exire, dictus quasi arcer ab arcendo. locum autem, in quo seruantur noxii, carcerem dicimus numero tantum singulari; unde uero erumpunt quadrigae, carceres dicimus numero tantum plurali, licet plerumque usurpet poeta, ut est &quot;ruuntque effusi carcere currus&quot;. alii uinclis carceris tradunt, ut &quot;quam ferro excisam crebrisque bipennibus instant&quot;. {{ancora+|55|[[Aeneis/Liber I#55|55.]]}} {{sc|'''ILLI'''}} INDIGNANTES hic aperte ostendit, quid sit 'luctantes'. MAGNO CUM MURMVRE MONTIS non circum montis claustra, sed cum magno montis murmure fremebant. et est maior sensus: sic fremebant, ut etiam antra possent sonare. CUM MURMVRE MONTIS sic dixit Pacuuius &quot;murmur maris&quot;, quia uentos murmur sequitur, ut ipse alibi &quot;magno misceri murmure pontum&quot;. {{ancora+|56|[[Aeneis/Liber I#56|56.]]}} {{sc|'''CIRCUM'''}} FREMUNT quidam hoc loco 'fremunt' id est imperia recusant intellegunt, ut apud Cassium in annalium secundo &quot;ne quis regnum occuparet, si plebs nostra fremere imperia coepisset&quot;, id est recusare. ita et hic ostendit uentos imperia recusantes. non numquam 'fremere' uelle significat, ut &quot;arma amens fremit, arma toro tectisque requirit&quot;. CELSA ARCE secundum quod superius diximus. uenti enim melius deprehenduntur ex alto. SEDET non otiatur, sed curat; apud antiquos enim 'sedet' considerat significabat, ut alio loco ait &quot;Turnus sacrata ualle sedebat&quot;. {{ancora+|57|[[Aeneis/Liber I#57|57.]]}} {{sc|'''MOLLITQUE'''}} ANIMOS id est uentos g-apo g-tohn g-anemohn, ut ipse alibi &quot;quantum ignes animaeque ualent&quot; et Horatius &quot;inpellunt animae lintea Thraciae&quot;. 'mollit' autem ideo dixit, ut per transitum ostenderet, uitia naturae nulla ratione mutari, sed mitigari aliquatenus posse. {{ancora+|58|[[Aeneis/Liber I#58|58.]]}} {{sc|'''MARIA'''}} AC TERRAS CAELVMQUE PROFVNDUM atqui quattuor elementa sunt, terra aqua aer aether. sed hoc loco rite praetermisit aetherem, quia uenti non turbant superiora, ut ait Lucanus &quot;pacem summa tenent&quot;, sed aut terras aut maria aut aerem. nam caelum hoc loco pro aere posuit, ut Lucretius &quot;in hoc caelo qui dicitur aer&quot;. 'profundum' autem et sublime dicitur {et profundum mare}, ut 'supremum' ⟨et⟩ altum &quot;pro supreme Iuppiter&quot;, ⟨et⟩ postremum. potest et ad maria et ad terras referri. quidam 'profundum' in profundum accipiunt, alii pro funditus. et sicut hic 'profundum' in altitudinem, sic alibi fastigia de infima parte &quot;forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras&quot;. {{ancora+|59|[[Aeneis/Liber I#59|59.]]}} {{sc|'''FERANT'''}} auferant; et est aphaeresis. RAPIDI ueloces, ut supra. VERRANTQUE uerrere est trahere, a rete, quod uerriculum dicitur. est autem principalitas uerbi uerro uerris, praeteritum uersi, unde et fit participium uersus, hinc alibi &quot;et uersa puluis inscribitur hasta&quot;, id est tracta. 

[1,60] {{ancora+|60|[[Aeneis/Liber I#60|60.]]}} {{sc|'''SPELVNCIS'''}} ATRIS uel tenebrosis, uel magnis. {{ancora+|61|[[Aeneis/Liber I#61|61.]]}} {{sc|'''ID'''}} METVENS timens. ergo Iuppiter timet, non sibi, sed elementis, ne turbentur eruptione uentorum, ut si bellorum tempore dicas uirum fortem timere, non sibi, sed liberis suis. HOC METVENS prouidens cauens. MOLEMQUE ET MONTES id est molem montis. et est figura, ut una res in duas diuidatur, metri causa interposita coniunctione, ut alio loco &quot;pateris libamus et auro&quot;, id est pateris aureis. {{ancora+|62|[[Aeneis/Liber I#62|62.]]}} {{sc|'''FOEDERE'''}} modo lege, alias pace, quae fit inter dimicantes. foedus autem dictum uel a fetialibus, id est sacerdotibus per quos fiunt foedera, uel a porca foede, hoc est lapidibus occisa, ut ipse &quot;et caesa iungebant foedera porca&quot;. {{ancora+|63|[[Aeneis/Liber I#63|63.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} PREMERE ET LAXAS SCIRET DARE IVSSUS HABENAS permansit in translatione, ut &quot;uinclis et carcere frenat&quot;. 'iussus' autem ob hoc posuit, quia suo nihil facit imperio. nam tolle hoc, et maior est omnibus diis, si ad eius uoluntatem possunt elementa confundi: ut ipse &quot;Aeolus mihi iussa capessere fas est&quot;. simul uentorum ostenditur uis, quibus parum fuerat montem superponi, nisi et regem acciperent, qui ipse quoque alieno pareret imperio. ET PREMERE E- L- S- D- I- H- alioquin Iunoni obsequi non posset. alii 'iussus' ita intellegunt, non cum iuberetur eum hoc facere, sed ita administrare, ut etiam iussus erat, secundum desiderium temporum. {{ancora+|64|[[Aeneis/Liber I#64|64.]]}} {{sc|'''AD'''}} apud quem, ut supra. {{ancora+|65|[[Aeneis/Liber I#65|65.]]}} {{sc|'''AEOLE'''}} rhetoricum est in omni petitione haec obseruare, ut possit praestare qui petitur, ut sit possibilitas, ut sit res iusta quae petitur, ut habeat modum petitio, ut sequatur remuneratio. et sciendum est secundum hunc ordinem omnes petitiones formare Vergilium, ut in hoc loco possibilitas est 'et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere uento'. iusta petitio est 'gens inimica mihi'; omne enim quod contra inimicos petimus iustum est. modus petitionis est 'et dissice corpora ponto'. remuneratio 'sunt mihi bis septem praestanti c- n-'. AEOLE INCVTE VIM VENTIS ordo ipse est. et est figura parenthesis. inter parenthesin et ellipsin hoc interest, quod parenthesis es quotiens remota de medio sententia integer sermo perdurat; plenum namque est 'Aeole incute uim uentis'. item &quot;Aeneas rapidum ad naues praemittit Achatem&quot;. ellipsis autem est quotiens remotis interpositis deest aliquid, ut est &quot;quos ego - post mihi non simili poena&quot;; deest enim 'adfligam'. AEOLE sane antiqui quotiens a minoribus beneficium petebant, a nomine incipiebant, et erat honoratius si nomen ipsius ante praeferrent. DIVUM PATER ATQUE HOMINUM REX Iuppiter. et periphrasis est, id est circumlocutio. 'pater' autem a Vergilio ad eminentiam ponitur, ut &quot;pater Aeneas&quot; et &quot;pater Appenninus&quot;. {{ancora+|66|[[Aeneis/Liber I#66|66.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} MULCERE DEDIT FLUCTUS ET TOLLERE VENTO aliud pendet ex alio; nam qui potest mulcere, potest et tollere, id est erigere in tempestatem. 'mulcere' autem delenire. hinc mulsum quod dulcedine animos nostros permulceat. alii 'mulcere' mitigare, mollire uel fouere. {{ancora+|67|[[Aeneis/Liber I#67|67.]]}} {{sc|'''GENS'''}} sermo hic et nationem significat et familiam, sed nunc ad utrumque potest referri. nam aut ad familiam Aeneae aut ad Troianam gentem refertur. TYRRHENUM Tyrrhenus cum fratre Lydo regnum ea indulgentia tenuit, ut ingens frequentia populi his contingeret: quae causa summam rerum fecit inopiam, nullo patriam relinquente aut uolente peregrinari, quia tanta bonitas erat in regibus. consilium igitur habuerunt, ut partiti turbam, quam alere non poterant, alternis diebus abstinerent a cibis lusibusque uacaretur. atque hac lasciuia excogitauerunt talorum tesserarumque iactus pilaeque lusum et tibiae modulationem et concentum symphoniae tubarumque, quibus auocati ciues facilius tolerarent ieiunium. nouissime tamen quia uincebat necessitas nec ulla consilia famem releuarent, sortiti sunt, uter ex fratribus cum parte populi abiret in quas sors terras dedisset. cum Tyrrhenus sorte iussus discederet, in mari quod Tyrrhenum ab eo uocatur periit. cuius filius Tuscus cum populo euasit in regionem Tusciam, quae ab eo nomen accepit. TYRRHENUM Tyrrhenum mare dictum est uel quod Tusciam adluit, id est Tyrrheniam, uel certe a Tyrrhenis nautis, qui se in hoc mare praecipitauerunt. namque hoc habet fabula, dormientem in litore Liberum patrem puerum nautas abstulisse Tyrrhenos. qui cum esset experrectus in naui, quo duceretur rogauit; responderunt illi, quo uellet. Liber ait ad Naxum insulam sibi sacratam. at coeperunt alio uela deflectere, quam ob rem iratum numen tigres sibi sacratas iussit uideri, quo terrore se illi in fluctus dedere praecipites. alii dicunt, quod stuprum Libero patri inferre temptauerint ac propterea hoc pertulerint. MIHI NAVIGAT id est in meum dolorem. NAVIGAT AEQUOR figura Graeca est; nos enim dicimus per aequor nauigat. similiter etiam alio loco &quot;terram, mare, sidera iuro&quot;, cum latinitas exigat, ut addatur praepositio per. et non uacat quod 'Tyrrhenum' addidit; uidetur enim dicere, iam eis Italiam esse uicinam. {{ancora+|68|[[Aeneis/Liber I#68|68.]]}} {{sc|'''ILIUM'''}} IN ITALIAM PORTANS id est res Ilienses. et inuidiose dicit Ilium, quasi ipsam cernat ciuitatem, cum Troianos aspexerit. et bene 'Ilium', hoc est quam fata stare noluerint. VICTOSQUE PENATES a Graecis. tacite occurrit quaestioni: portat quidem deos, sed uictos, hoc est contemnendos, ne facere contra inuictos nollet. {{ancora+|69|[[Aeneis/Liber I#69|69.]]}} {{sc|'''INCVTE'''}} VIM VENTIS duplex sensus est: 'incute' enim si inice significat, 'uentis' datiuus est casus, hoc est, parua est eorum, etiam tu eis da magnam uim; si autem 'fac', septimus casus est, et erit sensus: fac uim Troianis per uentos, hoc est, per uentos uim in Troianos incute. Ennius &quot;dictis Romanis incutit iram&quot;. SUBMERSASQUE OBRVE PUPPES ordo est ⟨inuersus⟩ in sensu; ante enim est ut obruantur fluctibus, et sic submerguntur. tota autem Iunonis petitio in sequentibus explanatur. SUBMERSASQUE OBRVE P- id est obrue, ut submergas. 

[1,70] {{ancora+|70|[[Aeneis/Liber I#70|70.]]}} {{sc|'''AVT'''}} AGE DIVERSOS hoc est disperge illos per diuersa, ne ad Italiam ueniant; duobus enim generibus deletur exercitus, aut internecione aut dispersione. ET DISSICE CORPORA hic mutauit coniunctionem, nam dicendum erat 'aut dissice corpora'. CORPORA PONTO tam uirorum quam nauium, ut ipse alio loco cum de nauibus loqueretur &quot;et toto descendit corpore pestis&quot;. sciendum sane est artem hanc esse petitionis, ut minora inpetrare cupientes maiora poscamus: quod etiam nunc Iuno facit. scit namque se fatis obstare non posse, sed hoc agit, ut eos arceat ab Italia. {{ancora+|71|[[Aeneis/Liber I#71|71.]]}} {{sc|'''SUNT'''}} MIHI BIS SEPTEM non sine ratione Iuno nymphas dicitur sua potestate retinere; ipsa est enim aer, de quo nubes creantur, ut est &quot;atque in nubem cogitur aer&quot;, ex nubibus aquae, quas nymphas esse non dubium est. ideo autem nympham Aeolo pollicetur, quia uentorum rex est, qui aquae motu creantur. bene ergo ei iungitur origo uentorum. sane notant Vergilium critici, quia marito promittit uxorem: quod excusat regia licentia, ut Sallustius &quot;denas alii alii plures habent, sed reges eo amplius&quot;. uel certe quod ex priore coniuge inprobos filios Aeolus habuerit, uel quod haec quam promittit inmortalis est. alii uolunt Iunonem per iram oblitam, Aeolum uxorem et filios habere; quod exinde adserunt, quia Aeolus ad haec nihil ei responderit. et bene Iuno sic pollicetur, quasi Aeolo beneficium ante non concesserit. econtra Aeolus non ad praesens, sed ad praeteritum respondit 'tu mihi quodcumque hoc regni est'. PRAESTANTI CORPORE NYMPHAE bene etiam istas laudat, ut maior sit in Deiopea pulchritudinis gloria. laudabilius enim est superare laudatos, ut ipse ad maiorem Aeneae gloriam laudat et Turnum. harum autem quattuordecim nomina, ut quidam uolunt, in Georgicis inuenimus. 'praestanti' autem 'corpore' pro praestantis corporis, ablatiuum pro genetiuo. {{ancora+|72|[[Aeneis/Liber I#72|72.]]}} {{sc|'''QUARUM'''}} QUAE FORMA dicimus et per se 'quarum quae pulcherrima', et plus ornauit inferendo 'forma pulcherrima'. {{ancora+|73|[[Aeneis/Liber I#73|73.]]}} {{sc|'''CONVBIO'''}} IVNGAM deest eam; et conubium est ius legitimi matrimonii. et bene 'conubio iungam' dixit, ut hanc ab aliis segregaret, quae a regibus sine lege habentur. solent enim reges inter plures uni praecipuum dare nomen uxoris. et 'conubio' nu breuem posuit, cum naturaliter longa sit. nubo enim, unde habet originem, longa est. sed est tropus systole, qui fit quotienscumque longa corripitur syllaba propter metri necessitatem. ipse alio loco longam posuit, ut est &quot;Hectoris Andromache Pyrrhin conubia seruas?&quot; item &quot;cuique loci leges dedimus, conubia nostra reppulit&quot; et &quot;per conubia nostra&quot; et &quot;Nomadumque petam conubia supplex&quot;. sciendum tamen est, quia plerumque in conpositione uel deriuatione principalitatis natura corrumpitur. CONVBIO IVNGAM STABILI PROPRIAMQUE DICABO multa in unum contulit uersum quae Iuno promittit; dicendo enim 'conubio' ostendit legitimam, dicendo 'stabili' longam promittit concordiam, id est quae diuortio careat, dicendo 'propriam' adulterii remouet suspitionem. quod autem adiecit 'dicabo' obsequentem eam fore demonstrat. in usu enim est ut dicamus, sacerdos dicatus est numini, hoc est ad obsequium datus est. alii 'dicabo' dabo accipiunt. Terentius &quot;iam hanc operam tibi dico&quot;, id est do, sicuti ab eo quod est dico participium a passiuo dictus facit, ut est &quot;Iunoni infernae dictus sacer&quot;, quamuis alibi lectum sit &quot;templis sibi ferre dicatis&quot;. 'propriam dicabo' autem deest 'tibi eam'. 'propriam' autem possumus uel firmam uel perpetuam accipere, ut &quot;si proprium hoc fuerit&quot;. Terentius &quot;nihilne esse cuiquam proprium&quot; et &quot;quod uoluptates eorum propriae sunt&quot; et &quot;da propriam, Thymbraee, domum&quot;. {{ancora+|74|[[Aeneis/Liber I#74|74.]]}} {{sc|'''OMNES'''}} ANNOS bene, quia dea est; non enim usque ad senectutem. MERITIS praestitis, ut alibi &quot;nec te regina negabo promeritam&quot;, id est praestitisse. et alterum pendet ex altero; meritum enim non nisi ex praestantis descendit beneficio. {{ancora+|75|[[Aeneis/Liber I#75|75.]]}} {{sc|'''PULCHRA'''}} PROLE bene postremum addidit propter quod matrimonium contrahitur, pulcherrimos filios. et mire hoc Iuno Lucina promittit, quasi non ob libidinem offerat. PULCHRA PROLE notanda figura; frequenter enim hac utitur. nam quod nos per genetiuum singularem dicimus, antiqui per septimum dicebant, ut hoc loco 'parentem pulchra prole', id est pulchrae prolis. et simpliciter intellegendum est; errant namque qui dicunt ideo 'pulchra' dixisse propter Canacen et Macareum in se inuicem turpissimos fratres. illi enim alterius Aeoli filii fuerunt. {{ancora+|76|[[Aeneis/Liber I#76|76.]]}} {{sc|'''AEOLUS'''}} HAEC subaudis 'dixit', quod ex posterioribus intellegitur, ut supra notauimus. REGINA inferioris personae reuetentia est maiorem meritis appellare, non nomine; contra maioris est minorem nomine tantum uocare. qui ordo non nisi per indignationem corrumpitur, ut in duodecimo Sages in extremis rebus Turnum non regem uocat, ut &quot;ruitque inplorans nomine Turnum&quot;. et alibi de Aristaeo &quot;et te crudelem nomine dicit&quot;. OPTES optare non tantum eligere significat, ut alibi &quot;optauitque locum regno&quot;, sed etiam uelle, ut hoc loco 'quid optes' quid uelis. Lucilius in VI. &quot;quid ipsum facere optes&quot;, id est uelis. alii 'quid optes' quid petas. sane seruauit ordinem; nam qui promittit statim a primo polliceri debet, post si qua uult addat, ut auditor expectatione non pendeat. {{ancora+|77|[[Aeneis/Liber I#77|77.]]}} {{sc|'''EXPLORARE'''}} deliberare; superius namque multa poposcerat Iuno. hoc ergo dicit: tuum est deliberare, quid uelis. aut certe aperire uel pensare, quale sit desiderium. alii explorare Iouis animum; aut certe 'explorare' explanare; aut certe statuere, an aequum sit quod petis, tuus enim hic labor est. MIHI IVSSA CAPESSERE FAS EST figura est litotes, quae fit quotienscumque minus dicimus et plus significamus per contrarium intellegentes, ut hoc loco non ait: licet mihi inplere quae praecipis, sed nefas est non inplere quae iusseris. item &quot;munera nec sperno&quot;, id est libenter accipio. MIHI IVSSA CAPESSERE FAS EST hoc secundum ea quae aliter dicuntur, aliter audiuntur dictum est. {nam} cum dicit non se posse ⟨non⟩ inplere quae Iuno praecipiat, nefas tamen putat {non} inplere praecepta. 'mihi' sane ultima syllaba produci debet, quia hoc casu omnia uel nomina uel pronomina uel participia in ultima syllaba produci debent. 'capessere' autem est saepe capere. {{ancora+|78|[[Aeneis/Liber I#78|78.]]}} {{sc|'''TU'''}} MIHI QUODCVMQUE HOC REGNI rediit ad physicam rationem. nam motus aeris, id est Iunonis, uentos creat, quibus Aeolus praeest. dicendo autem 'quodcumque' aut uerecunde ait, ne uideatur adrogans, aut latenter paene iocatur poeta; quis enim potest uentos, id est rem inanem tenere? TU MIHI Q- H- R- hoc ad illud respondet 'namque tibi diuum pater atque hominum rex'. QUODCVMQUE H- R- quia ipse rex sub alieno imperio est. 'quodcumque' ergo quod 'clauso uentorum carcere regno', nec in mea manu est nisi iusso uentos emittere. IOVEMQUE CONCILIAS hysteroproteron in sensu. non enim Iuppiter conciliatur Aeolo, sed Aeolus Ioui, quasi superiori. conciliantur autem noui, reconciliantur antiqui. {{ancora+|79|[[Aeneis/Liber I#79|79.]]}} {{sc|'''TU'''}} DAS EPVLIS ACCVMBERE DIVUM hoc est, tu me deum facis. duplici enim ratione diuinos honores meremur, dearum coniugio et conuiuio deorum. unde et in bucolicis &quot;nec deus hunc mensa, dea nec dignata cubili est&quot;. sane 'epulis accumbere' secundum sui temporis consuetudinem dixit; nam olim sedentes uescebantur, sicut ipse meminit &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. et apud Homerum sedentes dii epulantur. 

[1,80] {{ancora+|80|[[Aeneis/Liber I#80|80.]]}} {{sc|'''NIMBORVMQUE'''}} nubium, ut &quot;et lunam in nimbo nox intempesta tenebat&quot;. {{ancora+|81|[[Aeneis/Liber I#81|81.]]}} {{sc|'''HAEC'''}} UBI DICTA et a Iunone et ab Aeolo. et 'dicta' si nomen est, dedit, si participium, deest sunt. et 'haec ubi dicta' pro postquam, aduerbium locale pro temporali. CAVUM ordo est, conuersa cuspide cauum montem in latus inpulit. et alibi &quot;in latus inque feri curuam compagibus aluum contorsit&quot;. alii 'in latus' pro latus accipiunt. Ennius &quot;nam me grauis impetus Orci percutit in latus&quot;. INPVLIT IN LATUS quasi in rem quae facile cedit ictui. {{ancora+|82|[[Aeneis/Liber I#82|82.]]}} {{sc|'''AGMINE'''}} uel inpetu uel multitudine. agmen enim polysemus sermo est. nam inpetum significat, ut &quot;illi agmine certo Laocoonta petunt&quot;; multitudinem, ut &quot;uocat agmina saeua sororum&quot;. etiam incedentem exercitum 'agmen' uocamus. {{ancora+|83|[[Aeneis/Liber I#83|83.]]}} {{sc|'''QUA'''}} DATA et in undecimo &quot;coeant in foedera dextrae qua datur&quot;. 'qua' ergo quoniam. et 'qua data' ad uotum uentorum uidetur rettulisse. PORTA omnis exitus porta dicitur, quasi qua potest uel inportari uel exportari aliquid. aut ideo 'porta', quia 'agmine' dixerat; nam porta proprie aut urbis aut castrorum est. TURBINE ui uentorum. et sciendum est, quod quando appellatiuum est 'turbinis' facit, sed si sit nomen proprium, 'Turbonis' facit, ut Horatius &quot;Turbonis in armis&quot;. {{ancora+|84|[[Aeneis/Liber I#84|84.]]}} {{sc|'''INCVBVERE'''}} MARI tria dicit elementa turbata: 'terras turbine perflant', 'incubuere mari' et rursum 'intonuere poli'. his ergo enumeratis recte adiecit 'intentant omnia mortem'. {{ancora+|85|[[Aeneis/Liber I#85|85.]]}} {{sc|'''EVRVSQUE'''}} NOTVSQUE cardinales quattuor uenti sunt, de quibus nunc tres ponit, paulo post unum quem omiserat reddit, ut &quot;stridens aquilone procella&quot;. UNA EVRVSQUE NOTVSQUE ET AFRICUS bene modo hos tres uentos inferiores tantum nominauit, qui a sedibus imis mare commouent, Zephyrum et Aquilonem tacuit; Zephyrum, qui ad Italiam ducit, Aquilonem, qui desuper flat. ideo Homerus de eo &quot;g-kai g-borees g-aithrehgenetes, g-mega g-kuma g-kulindohn&quot;. RVUNT autem modo eruunt. PROCELLIS procella est uis uenti cum pluuia, dicta procella ab eo, quod omnia percellat, hoc est moueat. {{ancora+|87|[[Aeneis/Liber I#87|87.]]}} {{sc|'''INSEQUITVR'''}} CLAMORQUE VIRUM quia praecesserat uentorum sonus, quem et ipsum clamorem possumus dicere. STRIDORQUE RVDENTUM proprie; nam in funibus stridor est. 'stridor' autem est sibilus. Pacuuius in Teucro &quot;armamentum stridor et rudentum sibilus&quot;. {{ancora+|88|[[Aeneis/Liber I#88|88.]]}} {{sc|'''ERIPIUNT'''}} S- N- Accius in Clytemestra &quot;deum regnator nocte caeca caelum e conspectu abstulit&quot; {{ancora+|89|[[Aeneis/Liber I#89|89.]]}} {{sc|'''TEUCRORUM'''}} EX OCULIS numquam enim totum caelum nubibus tegitur, sed illa pars, contra quam flauerint uenti. quod autem dixit diem eripi, ad uidentum oculos rettulit, non ad naturam. TEUCRORUM E- O- bene 'Teucrorum', quibus tempestas inmissa erat. NOX INCVBAT nox dicta, quod oculis noceat. 'incubat' autem ideo dixit, quod alienum tempus inuasit. nam incubare proprie dicitur per uim rem alienam uelle tenere. aut certe 'nox incubat', ut nihil interualli esset inter tenebras et mare. aut tempestates, ut in georgicis &quot;ipse pater media nimborum in nocte corusca fulmina molitur dextra&quot;. 

[1,90] {{ancora+|90|[[Aeneis/Liber I#90|90.]]}} {{sc|'''POLI'''}} axes, id est extremae partes caeli. duo enim sunt, notius et borius, a quibus totum caelum contonuisse significat. AETHER aetherem hoc loco pro aere posuit. nubes enim, unde et fulmina, aeris sunt, non aetheris: et frequenter Vergilius duo ista confundit. {{ancora+|91|[[Aeneis/Liber I#91|91.]]}} {{sc|'''INTENTANT'''}} minantur, ingerunt. OMNIA autem ad superiora rettulit. {{ancora+|92|[[Aeneis/Liber I#92|92.]]}} {{sc|'''EXTEMPLO'''}} ilico statim. et est augurum sermo. templum enim dicitur locus manu designatus in aere, post quem factum ilico captantur auguria. AENEAE seruauit g-to g-prepon, ut Aeneam ultimum territum dicat. FRIGORE timore. et est reciproca translatio; nam et timor pro frigore et frigus pro timore ponitur, ut in Terentio &quot;uxorem tuam pauitare aiunt&quot; non timere, sed laborare frigoribus; utrumque enim in unum exitum cadit, sicut et de calore et de frigore urere dicimus, ut est &quot;aut Boreae penetrabile frigus adurat&quot;. nam et Graeci g-phrikta dicunt quae sunt timenda, ut Homerus { &quot;g-dohra g-men g-ouk g-et' g-onosta&quot;}. Liuius in Odyssia &quot;igitur demum Ulixi cor frixit prae pauore&quot;. reprehenditur sane hoc loco Vergilius, quod improprie hos uersus Homeri transtulerit g-kai g-tot g-Odusseos g-luto g-gounata, g-kai g-philon g-ehtor, g-ochthehsas d' g-ara g-eipe g-pros g-hon g-megalehtora g-thumon&quot;. nam 'soluuntur frigore membra' longe aliud est, quam luto gounata: et 'duplices tendens ad sidera palmas talia uoce refert' molle, cum illud magis altum et heroicae personae g-pros g-hon g-megalehtora thumon. praeterea quis interdiu manus ad sidera tollit, aut quis ad caelum manum tendens non aliud precatur potius, quam dicit 'o terque quaterque beati'? et ille intra se, ne exaudiant socii et timidiores despondeant animo, hic uero uociferatur. {{ancora+|93|[[Aeneis/Liber I#93|93.]]}} {{sc|'''INGEMIT'''}} non propter mortem ingemit, sequitur enim 'o terque quaterque beati', sed propter mortis genus. graue enim est secundum Homerum perire naufragio, quia anima ignea est et exstingui uidetur in mari, id est elemento contrario. DVPLICES duas, secundum morem antiquum. nam duplices duos dicebant, ut hoc loco, et binos duos, et utrosque pro utrumque, ut Cicero &quot;binos habebam, iubeo promi utrosque&quot;. item Sallustius cum de duobus loqueretur &quot;hi utrique ad urbem imperatores erant&quot;. PALMAS manus explicitas. {{ancora+|94|[[Aeneis/Liber I#94|94.]]}} {{sc|'''TALIA'''}} VOCE REFERT profert. 're' abundat. alibi 'refert' respondet, ut &quot;Anna refert&quot;. sic in consuetudine dicimus: ille mihi rettulit. O TERQUE QUATERQUE id est saepius; finitus numerus pro infinito. et sic erupit in uocem cum dolore Homerus g-tris g-makares g-Danaoi g-kai g-tetrakis, g-hoi g-tot' g-olonto. et hoc principium quidam acephalon dicunt, cum intellegi debeat, multa eum intra se cogitasse, postremo in haec erupisse. {{ancora+|95|[[Aeneis/Liber I#95|95.]]}} {{sc|'''QUIS'''}} et quis et quibus significat: secundum artem enim sic dicimus. ab eo enim quod est 'a qui' in 'bus' mittit, ab eo quod est 'a quo' in 'is' mittit, sed a tertia declinatione in usu sunt datiuus et ablatiuus plurales, licet antiqui omnibus usi sint casibus. denique Cato in originibus ait &quot;si ques sunt populi&quot;. et declinauit 'ques quium', ut 'puppes puppium'. MOENIBUS ALTIS propter Pergama, quae altissima fuerunt, ex quibus omnia alta aedificia pergama uocantur, sicut Aeschylus dicit. {{ancora+|96|[[Aeneis/Liber I#96|96.]]}} {{sc|'''OPPETERE'''}} ore terram petere, id est mori. possumus autem sic uti hoc sermone, ut et per se plenus sit et recipiat adiectionem. ergo dicimus et oppetit et mortem oppetit, sicut et exspirat et animam exspirat. FORTISSIME GENTIS atqui in artibus legimus superlatiuum gradum non nisi genetiuo plurali iungi. constat quidem, sed 'gens' nomen est enuntiatione singulare, intellectu plurale. bene ergo iunxit, in gente enim plures sunt, ut alibi ipse &quot;ditissimus agri Phoenicum&quot;; non enim unus est ager Phoenicum. item Sallustius &quot;Romani generis disertissimus&quot;. aut superlatiuo pro comparatiuo usus uidetur, quasi fortissimis comparandus, non ut uulgo creditur praeferendus. sane quaeritur, cur Diomedem fortissimum dixerit, cum post Achillem et Aiacem ipse sit tertius, unde et Sallustius ait &quot;primum Graecorum Achillem&quot;. multi dicunt ideo fortissimum, quia iuxta Homerum et Venerem uulnerauit et Martem. alii ad gentem referunt, quod Achilles Thessalus fuit, Aiax Graecus, Diomedes Danaus. multi ad excusationem Aeneae uolunt fortissimum dictum, a quo eum constat esse percussum, ut Iuuenalis &quot;uel quo Tydides percussit pondere coxam Aeneae&quot;. {{ancora+|97|[[Aeneis/Liber I#97|97.]]}} {{sc|'''TYDIDE'''}} uocatiuus Graecus est; si enim latine diceret, o Tydida debuit ponere. omnia enim patronymica quae in 'des' exeunt apud Latinos primae sunt declinationis, ut &quot;saeuus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector&quot;. Tydides Diomedes, Tydei et Deipyles, Adrasti filiae, filius, qui post captum Ilium ad Italiam uenit, quod plenius in XI- libro habes. eo tempore statua cum in templo Apollinis Delphici staret, ui quadam diuina ad Corcyram migrauit et uisa est muros Corcyraeorum defendere: nam eius comminatione hostibus fugatis Corcyra bello exempta est. {{ancora+|98|[[Aeneis/Liber I#98|98.]]}} {{sc|'''NON'''}} POTVISSE quasi semper uoluerit. ANIMAM HANC quasi cum dolore 'animam hanc', ac si diceret infelicem, quae ad laborem nata est. EFFVNDERE secundum eos qui dicunt sanguinem esse animam, ut ipse alibi &quot;purpuream uomit ille animam&quot;. nam alio loco aliorum opinionem sequitur, qui dicunt spiritum esse animam, unde est &quot;atque in uentos uita recessit&quot;. {{ancora+|99|[[Aeneis/Liber I#99|99.]]}} {{sc|'''SAEVUS'''}} magnus, ut superius diximus. uel fortis, uel bellicosus, ut est &quot;et saeuum Aenean agnouit Turnus in armis&quot;. uel aduersus hostes 'saeuus', et est epitheton ad tempus; nam incongruum erat ab Aenea saeuum Hectorem dici. aut 'saeuus', quod aduersum Antenorem et Aeneam et Helenum sentiens Helenam non permiserit reddi. ⟨aut⟩ ideo 'saeuus' Hector, quia Aeneas pius. quod autem ait 'Aeacidae telo' uult ostendere feliciorem Hectorem, cui contigerit ab Achille perire, quod ipse optauerit ei congressus, sicut in V. Neptunus Veneri loquitur. et bene elegit, cum quibus perisse debuerit; ipse enim et fortis est, et numinum proles: recte ergo his iungitur, in quibus talia fuerunt. 

[1,100] {{ancora+|100|[[Aeneis/Liber I#100|100.]]}} {{sc|'''SARPEDON'''}} et in ultima possumus accentum ponere et in paenultima: nam Homerus et 'Sarpedonis' declinauit et 'Sarpedontis', unde et uarius accentus est: 'Sarpedonis' enim antepaenultima habet accentum, 'Sarpedontis' paenultima. sed 'Sarpedontis' usurpauit; naturalis enim declinatio est 'Sarpedon Sarpedonis', ut 'Memnon Memnonis, Sinon Sinonis'. si autem genetiuum in 'dontis' miserit, a circumflexo uenit, qui est in ultima syllaba nominatiui, ut Demophon Demophontis, Laocon Laocontis. sic ergo et Sarpedon, Sarpedontis. est autem Sarpedon Iouis filius et Laodamiae, ut alio loco &quot;quin occidit una Sarpedon mea progenies&quot; occisus a Patroclo, Menoeti filio, armis Achillis induto. huius interitum Iuppiter prosecutus dicitur imbre sanguineo. SIMOIS nomen hoc integrum ad nos transiit, unde suo est accentu proferendum. nam si esset latinum, in antepaenultima haberet accentum, quia secunda a fine breuis est. sane bene fecisse uidetur Simoentis mentionem, ut ibi uideatur pati se optauisse, ubi genitus est, ut alibi &quot;tune ille Aeneas, quem Dardanio Anchisae alma Venus Phrygii genuit Simoentis ad undam?&quot; SUB UNDIS et 'sub undis' legimus, et 'sub undas'. sed si 'sub undas', 'correpta' intellege, si 'sub undis', 'uoluit'; uaria ergo distinctio est. CORREPTA rapta. {{ancora+|101|[[Aeneis/Liber I#101|101.]]}} {{sc|'''FORTIA'''}} CORPORA hoc est uirorum fortium corpora; nulla enim est in mortuis fortitudo. {{ancora+|102|[[Aeneis/Liber I#102|102.]]}} {{sc|'''TALIA'''}} IACTANTI inaniter loquenti, ut alibi &quot;atque inrita iurgia iactat et uoces dum iactat inanes&quot;. AQUILONE ab Aquilone. ecce hic reddit uentum quem transierat, et a generali tempestate ad speciem transit. {{ancora+|103|[[Aeneis/Liber I#103|103.]]}} {{sc|'''ADVERSA'''}} contraria, quia ad Italiam nauigantibus Aquilo contrarius est. {{ancora+|104|[[Aeneis/Liber I#104|104.]]}} {{sc|'''FRANGVNTVR'''}} REMI uel gubernacula, uel quod melius est re uera remi. antiqui enim uelis remisque nauigabant, ut &quot;ualidis incumbere remis, obliquat sinus in uentos&quot;. et hoc de naui Aeneae, an de omnibus dixit? TUM PRORAM AVERTIT alii 'prora' legi tradunt. AVERTIT pro 'auertitur'. et est figura creberrima. potest namque pro actiui uerbi significatione passiuum poni, ut est &quot;et pictis bellantur Amazones armis&quot; pro bellant. nec nos debet mouere quod bellor non facit, natura enim hoc prohibuit. nam conpone hoc uerbum, et inuenitur actiuum, facit enim debello debellor. et contra pro passiui uerbi significatione actiuum ponitur, ut est hoc 'auertit' pro auertitur, et &quot;insinuat pauor&quot; pro insinuatur, et &quot;nox umida caelo praecipitat&quot; pro praecipitatur. sed haec uerba tantummodo pro se inuicem ponuntur, quae et actiua esse possunt et passiua, ut est auerto auertor, praecipito praecipitor. ergo non possumus dicere quod quidam artigraphus, declinationes actiui uerbi et passiui pro se inuicem poni. nam et neutralis uerbi declinatio actiua est et communis deponentisue passiua, et aliud est esse actiuum uerbum, aliud habere actiui uerbi declinationem. {{ancora+|105|[[Aeneis/Liber I#105|105.]]}} {{sc|'''DAT'''}} LATUS inclinatur. CUMVLO altitudine. CUMVLO exuberante fluctu, cum cumulo. PRAERVPTUS in altum leuatus. {{ancora+|106|[[Aeneis/Liber I#106|106.]]}} {{sc|'''Hi'''}} pro illi uel alii, et bene dicticos. HIS pro illis uel aliis. DEHISCENS ualde hiscens. 'de' enim augentis est, ut in Terentio &quot;deamo te Syre&quot;. {{ancora+|107|[[Aeneis/Liber I#107|107.]]}} {{sc|'''APERIT'''}} ostendit, ut Sallustius &quot;caput aperire solitus&quot;, id est nudare, ostendere. sic alibi &quot;uisa aperire procul montes&quot;. sane aliter hic 'aperit', aliter 'ostium aperit'. HARENIS et ab harenis et cum harenis, id est uel ab imo mouebatur mare uel cum ipsis harenis, ut in tempestate solet. {{ancora+|108|[[Aeneis/Liber I#108|108.]]}} {{sc|'''TRIS'''}} Latinum est. genetiuus enim pluralis quotiens in 'ium' exit, accusatiuum pluralem in 'is' mittit, ut 'puppium puppis'; quotiens in 'um' exit, in 'es' mittit, ut 'patrum patres'. SAXA LATENTIA modo propter tempestatem, non ut quidam tradunt tranquillo mari; nam quemadmodum latent quae nomen habent? haec autem saxa inter Africam, Siciliam et Sardiniam et Italiam sunt, quae saxa ob hoc Itali aras uocant, quod ibi Afri et Romani foedus inierunt et fines imperii sui illic esse uoluerunt. unde et Dido &quot;litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas inprecor&quot;. quae arae a Sisenna &quot;propitiae&quot; uocantur. alii dicunt Graecos haec saxa g-bomous appellare. quidam insulam fuisse hunc locum tradunt, quae subito pessum ierit, cuius reliquias saxa haec exstare, in quibus aiunt Poenorum sacerdotes rem diuinam facere solitos. has aras alii Neptunias uocant, sicut Claudius Quadrigarius I- annalium &quot;apud aras, quae uocabantur Neptuniae&quot;. Varro de ora maritima lib- I &quot;ut faciunt hi, qui ab Sardinia Siciliam aut contra petunt. nam si utramque ex conspectu amiserunt, sciunt periculose se nauigare ac uerentur in pelago latentem insulam, quem locum uocant aras&quot;. TORQUET iacit, inmittit, ut &quot;torquet aquosam hiemem&quot;. alibi 'torquet' deflectit, ut &quot;torquet medios nox umida currus&quot;. alibi regit et frenat, ut &quot;cuncta tuo qui bella pater sub numine torques&quot;. alibi sustinet et fert &quot;axem umero torquet stellis fulgentibus aptum&quot;. {{ancora+|109|[[Aeneis/Liber I#109|109.]]}} {{sc|'''SAXA'''}} VOCANT ITALI MEDIIS QUAE IN FLUCTIBUS ARAS ordo est, quae saxa in mediis fluctibus Itali aras uocant. pro quibus hunc ordinem esse ait 'tris Notus abreptas mediis fluctibus in saxa latentia torquet'. alii 'mediis ⟨quae⟩ fluctibus aras' legunt, ut sit ordo 'saxa uocant Itali aras, quae mediis fluctibus', ut desit 'sunt'. Italos autem aliqui non qui in Italia nati sint, sed qui Latine loquantur accipiunt. 

[1,110] {{ancora+|110|[[Aeneis/Liber I#110|110.]]}} {{sc|'''DORSUM'''}} INMANE eminens, altum, secundum Homerum. uel certe eminens planities aut superficies durior. aut sic ait hic poeta 'dorsum' de saxo, ut Homerus &quot;g-nohta g-thalassehs&quot;, sicut alibi ipse &quot;dorso dum pendet iniquo&quot;. quidam 'inmane' pro malo accipiunt positum propter naufragia, quae ibi solent fieri; nam 'manum' bonum dicunt, ergo quod bono contrarium inmane; non enim potest pro magno accipi, ⟨ut⟩ alibi &quot;posuitque inmania templa&quot;, quia non facile apparent haec saxa, nisi cum mare uentis mouetur. 'dorsum' autem hoc loco non absurde ait, quia Graece arae ipsae g-hippou g-nohta dicuntur, ut Sinnius Capito tradidit, secundum Homerum. MARI SUMMO uel in summo, uel in placido. {{ancora+|111|[[Aeneis/Liber I#111|111.]]}} {{sc|'''IN'''}} BREVIA ET SYRTES id est in breuia syrtium, quo modo &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. 'breuia' autem uadosa dicit, per quae possumus uadere. ET SYRTES syrtium &quot;sinus duo sunt pares natura, inpares magnitudine&quot;, ut Sallustius dicit. {{ancora+|112|[[Aeneis/Liber I#112|112.]]}} {{sc|'''VADIS'''}} uada g-ta g-brachea. Varro de ora maritima libro I &quot;si ab aqua summa non alte est terra dicitur uadus&quot;. et multi sic legunt 'inliditque uadis atque aggere cingit harenae'. {{ancora+|113|[[Aeneis/Liber I#113|113.]]}} {{sc|'''LYCIOS'''}} hi Troiae ad auxilium uenerant, qui mortuo rege Pandaro Aeneam secuti sunt, unde et in secundo ait &quot;comitum adfluxisse nouorum&quot;. FIDUM fidelem. utrumque nomen idem significat. quamuis quidam uelint fidum amicum, fidelem seruum dici. et sic pronuntiandum, ut dolorem adferat talis socii amissio. {{ancora+|114|[[Aeneis/Liber I#114|114.]]}} {{sc|'''IPSIUS'''}} ANTE OCULOS ad maiorem dolorem: unde alibi &quot;quaeque ipse miserrima uidi&quot;, item &quot;qui nati coram me cernere letum fecisti&quot;. INGENS PONTUS magna pars ponti. et est tropus synecdoche. A VERTICE aut a puppi, quae uertex nauis est, aut ab Aquilone, qui flat a mundi uertice, hoc est a septentrione, ut ipse alibi &quot;hic uertex nobis semper sublimis&quot;. quidam 'uerticem' hic procellam accipiunt. {{ancora+|115|[[Aeneis/Liber I#115|115.]]}} {{sc|'''IN'''}} PUPPIM pro puppim: addidit praepositionem. PRONUS g-prehnehs. non nulli sane 'pronum' aduerbialiter legunt. MAGISTER Leucaspis, ut in sexto libro &quot;Leucaspim et Lyciae ductorem classis Orontem&quot;. {{ancora+|116|[[Aeneis/Liber I#116|116.]]}} {{sc|'''TER'''}} saepius, finitus numerus pro infinito. crebros enim fluctus facit Aquilo, ut Sallustius &quot;crebritate fluctuum ut Aquilone solet&quot;. uel certe quod Graeci g-trikumian appellant, ut Sallustius &quot;triplici fluctu&quot;. IBIDEM 'ibidem' et 'ubinam' multi dubitant ubi esse debeat accentus, quia 'ibi' et 'ubi' naturaliter breues sunt, sed ratione finalitatis plerumque producuntur in uersu, nescientes hanc esse rationem, quia pronuntiationis causa contra usum Latinum syllabis ultimis, quibus particulae adiunguntur, accentus tribuitur, ut 'musaque' 'illene' 'huiusce'. sic ergo et 'ibidem'. {{ancora+|117|[[Aeneis/Liber I#117|117.]]}} {{sc|'''TORQUET'''}} AGENS CIRCUM in gyrum circumagit. VERTEX uertex dicitur circumacta in se unda et quae quasi sorbere uideatur: quod de Charybdi legitur &quot;atque imo barathri ter gurgite uastos sorbet in abruptum fluctus&quot;, de qua ait Sallustius &quot;Charybdis, mare uerticosum&quot;. {{ancora+|118|[[Aeneis/Liber I#118|118.]]}} {{sc|'''APPARENT'''}} aliud est 'parere' et aliud 'apparere'. 'parere' enim est oboedire, ut &quot;paret amor dictis&quot;, 'apparere' autem, uideri, ut &quot;apparet liquido sublimis in aere Nisus&quot;. et haec obseruatio diligenter custodiri debet, licet eam auctores metri causa plerumque corrumpant. RARI uel propter maris magnitudinem, uel quia una perierat nauis. uel 'rari' de multis, ut ostendat statim alios plures periisse. et quomodo 'apparent', si 'ponto nox incubat atra'? aut quia 'crebris micat ignibus aether', aut quia ante ipsius oculos hoc euenit. NANTES prima uerbi positio est 'no nas nat', unde est &quot;nare per aestatem liquidam&quot;. prima syllaba naturaliter longa est, licet 'natare' 'na' breuis sit in eadem significatione. IN GURGITE VASTO tapinosis est, id est rei magnae humilis expositio. prudenter tamen Vergilius humilitatem sermonis epitheto subleuat, ut hoc loco 'uasto' addidit. item cum de equo loqueretur ait &quot;cauernas ingentes&quot;. {{ancora+|119|[[Aeneis/Liber I#119|119.]]}} {{sc|'''ARMA'''}} VIRUM bene addidit 'uirum', id est uirorum. arma enim dicuntur cunctarum artium instrumenta, ut &quot;Cerealiaque arma&quot;, item &quot;colligere arma iubet&quot; et alio loco &quot;dicendum et quae sint duris agrestibus arma&quot;. TROIA differentia in hoc sermone est et in sensu et in syllabis. nam cum prouinciam dicimus, nam Troia prouincia, Ilium ipsa ciuitas, et principale est nomen, breuis est 'Tro'. quando autem non est principale et deriuatio est, longa est 'Tro.', ut &quot;Troius Aeneas&quot;. GAZA Persicus sermo est et significat diuitias, unde Gaza urbs in Palaestina dicitur, quod in ea Cambyses rex Persarum cum Aegyptiis bellum inferret diuitias suas condidit. est autem generis feminini, ut &quot;et gaza laetus agresti&quot;. quo exemplo apparet quoque superfluo quaeri a multis, quemadmodum potuerit aurum natare, nescientibus gazas, id est opes, dici omne quod possidemus. aut certe hyperbole tempestatis, ut etiam ponderosa ferri potuerint. PER UNDAS 'per' quidam nolunt - - . 

[1,120] {{ancora+|120|[[Aeneis/Liber I#120|120.]]}} {{sc|'''IAM'''}} VALIDAM zeugma est ab inferioribus 'uicit hiems'. quod fit et a superioribus et a medio, plerumque et ad utrumque respondet, ut &quot;Troiugena, interpres diuum, qui numina Phoebi, qui tripodas, Clarii laurus, qui sidera sentis et uolucrum linguas et praepetis omina pinnae&quot;. ecce hoc loco 'sentis' et ante dicta et sequentia concludit. ILIONEI antiptosis est, pro genetiuo enim datiuum posuit; nam constat huiusmodi Graeca nomina datiuum singularem in ei diphthongum mittere, ut Orphei; nam illa solutio est cum Orphei separatim dicimus: nec modo 'Ilionei' possumus dicere adstrictum esse genetiuum, ut ipse sit qui et datiuus. quod si forte contingat, non regula mutatur, sed antiptosis fit, qua plerumque utuntur poetae, ut &quot;urbem quam statuo uestra est&quot; pro urbs, item &quot;haeret pede pes&quot; pro pedi. {{ancora+|121|[[Aeneis/Liber I#121|121.]]}} {{sc|'''VECTUS'''}} qua uehebatur significat. et pro praesenti participio, quod non habemus, praeteritum posuit. in Latino enim sermone a passiuo uerbo praesens participium non est, neque ab actiuo praeteritum. sed quod uno sermone explicare non possumus aut circumlocutione ostendimus, aut si hoc nolumus, participium pro participio ponimus, sed usurpatiue, ut hoc loco factum est. ABAS Abantes aliquot tradunt: hic unus, Aeneae comes; alter quem in Troia Diomedes occidit; tertius est Argiuus, cuius clipeum tertio libro Apollini consecrasse dicit Aeneam. {{ancora+|122|[[Aeneis/Liber I#122|122.]]}} {{sc|'''VICIT'''}} HIEMS 'hiems' duas res significat: aut tempus aut uim uenti, per quam oritur tempestas. ergo pro loco intellegendum est. Accius &quot;unde estis nautae huc hieme delati&quot;. sic et Varro. LAXIS pro laxatis, nomen pro participio. {{ancora+|123|[[Aeneis/Liber I#123|123.]]}} {{sc|'''IMBREM'''}} imber dicitur umor omnis, ut Lucretius ex &quot;igni terra atque anima nascuntur et imbri&quot;, id est umore. IMBREM ueteres enim omnem aquam imbrem dicebant. Ennius imbrem pro aqua marina &quot;ratibusque fremebat imber Neptuni&quot;. FATISCUNT abundanter aperiuntur; 'fatim' enim abundanter dicimus, unde et adfatim, hiscere autem aperiri, uerbum frequentatiuum ab hiare. {{ancora+|125|[[Aeneis/Liber I#125|125.]]}} {{sc|'''EMISSAM'''}} HIEMEM hic apertius tempestatem declarat significari ex Graeco; nam et illi g-cheimona tempestatem dicunt. et bene ueteres nostri 'hiemem anni' dicebant, ne tempestas posset intellegi. IMIS bene in imo uoluit esse Neptunum, ut iam factam cognosceret tempestatem, non incipientem uetaret. {{ancora+|126|[[Aeneis/Liber I#126|126.]]}} {{sc|'''STAGNA'''}} stagnum dicitur aqua stans, sed nunc profunda maris significat ab eo, quod non nisi nimia tempestate turbantur. ergo 'stagna' et 'imis uadis refusa' aliud pendet ex alio, quia inmobilis aqua in imo maris tantummodo est, quam tunc ab imo motu dicit esse turbatam. GRAVITER COMMOTUS opportune Neptunum ait commotum cum maria turbantur, quia plerumque poetae Neptunum pro mari ponunt. ET ALTO PROSPICIENS aut e mari erigens caput, aut mari prouidens. quidam 'alto' caelo accipiunt, quia ait 'iam caelum terramque'. {{ancora+|127|[[Aeneis/Liber I#127|127.]]}} {{sc|'''PLACIDUM'''}} CAPVT quaerunt multi quemadmodum 'placidum caput', si 'grauiter commotus'? quasi non possit fieri, ut irascatur uentis, propitius sit Troianis. uno autem epitheto more suo habitum futurae orationis ostendit, ut alibi uno sermone 'tum quassans caput'. PLACIDVMQUE CAPVT epitheta alia naturalia sunt, alia ad tempus. et 'placidum' ut naturale Neptuni est, ita 'grauiter commotus' ad tempus ob factam tempestatem. {{ancora+|128|[[Aeneis/Liber I#128|128.]]}} {{sc|'''DISIECTAM'''}} AENEAE T- V- A- C- hic ostendit Aeolum omnia Iunonis praecepta complesse. nam 'submersasque obrue puppes' in Orontis sociorumque eius interitu; 'aut age diuersas et dissice corpora ponto' 'disiectam Aeneae toto uidet aequore classem'. {{ancora+|129|[[Aeneis/Liber I#129|129.]]}} {{sc|'''CAELIQUE'''}} RVINA id est tonitribus, quorum sonus similis est ruinis. 

[1,130] {{ancora+|130|[[Aeneis/Liber I#130|130.]]}} {{sc|'''NEC'''}} LATVERE DOLI FRATREM IVNONIS ET IRAE aut doli Iunonis, aut fratrem Iunonis. gemina ergo distinctio est. FRATREM IVNONIS quod et ipsa Saturni est filia. {{ancora+|131|[[Aeneis/Liber I#131|131.]]}} {{sc|'''EVRUM'''}} AD SE ZEPHYRVMQUE VOCAT per hos omnes intellege; isti enim sunt cardinales. 'ad se' autem g-ehthikohs. cur tamen Zephyrus, qui ad Italiam ducit, quem poeta supra tacuit, nunc uocatur? ira in hoc Neptuni exprimitur, si etiam eum obiurgat, qui non adfuerit. {{ancora+|132|[[Aeneis/Liber I#132|132.]]}} {{sc|'''GENERIS'''}} FIDUCIA VESTRI Astraeus enim unus de Titanibus, qui contra deos arma sumpserunt, cum Aurora concubuit, unde nati sunt uenti secundum Hesiodum. et hoc loco fiduciam pro confidentia posuit, cum fiducia in bonis rebus sit, confidentia in malis. {{ancora+|133|[[Aeneis/Liber I#133|133.]]}} {{sc|'''IAM'''}} CAELUM TERRASQUE aut ordo est 'ausi estis sine meo numine tantas moles tollere et caelum terrasque turbare'? aut certe illud est, quod tria haec numina, licet diuisa imperia teneant, uidentur tamen inuicem regni totius habere potestatem, sicut et ipsa elementa quae retinent physica inter se quadam ratione iunguntur. quod et ipsorum numinum sceptra significant. Iuppiter enim trifido utitur fulmine, Neptunus tridente, Pluto tricerbero. multi enim quaerunt, cur modo Neptunus de alienis conqueratur elementis. aut certe 'terram' pro mari posuit, ab eo quod continet id quod continetur, quia ipse dicitur g-Enosichthohn et g-Enosigaios, id est mouens terram. et caelum pro aere; constat enim terram cum aqua in aere libratam. MEO SINE NUMINE hoc est 'et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas'. NUMINE VENTI distingue 'numine', ut 'uenti' conuicium sit. {{ancora+|135|[[Aeneis/Liber I#135|135.]]}} {{sc|'''QUOS'''}} EGO deficit hoc loco sermo; et congrue, quasi irati et turbatae mentis, ut alibi &quot;me me, adsum&quot;. similiter &quot;incipit effari, mediaque in uoce resistit&quot;. Terentius &quot;quem quidem ego si sensero, sed quid opus est uerbis?&quot; his enim adfectibus tantum sermonis defectio congruit. QUOS EGO subauditur 'ulciscar'. ergo g-aposiohpehsis est, hoc est, ut ad alium sensum transeat, ideo abruptum et pendentem reliquit. et necessarium post tale schema 'sed' coniunctionem sequi, ut &quot;quamquam o, sed&quot;. SED MOTOS PRAESTAT prudenter agit; plus est enim innocentibus succurrere, quam nocentium delicta punire. PRAESTAT melius est, ut &quot;praestat Trinacrii metas lustrare Pachyni&quot;. et notandus sermo. nam et per se plenus est, et tam accusatiuo iungitur quam septimo. dicimus enim et 'praestat illum' et 'praestat illo'. {{ancora+|136|[[Aeneis/Liber I#136|136.]]}} {{sc|'''POST'''}} MIHI NON SIMILI POENA COMMISSA LUETIS aut 'non simili poena', id est non ea qua Troianos adfecistis, aut certe 'mihi non simili', id est uehementer irato. POST MIHI N- S- P- C- L- pro 'non inpune eritis posthac'; nunc enim nullam poenam sentiunt, nisi forte obiurgationis. 'commissa' autem hic pro peccatis. LUETIS persoluetis. et hic sermo a pecunia descendit; antiquorum enim omnes poenae pecuniariae fuerunt. {{ancora+|137|[[Aeneis/Liber I#137|137.]]}} {{sc|'''MATVRATE'''}} FUGAM cum maturitate, id est cum tranquillitate discedite, quo modo dicimus 'matura iracundiam tuam', id est mitiga; perniciosum enim Troianis est, si maturent fugam, hoc est accelerent. ergo 'fugam' hic tantum discessum accipiendum. {{ancora+|138|[[Aeneis/Liber I#138|138.]]}} {{sc|'''SAEVVMQUE'''}} uel magnum et potentem, ut superius, uel uere saeuum in uentos, quia minatur. TRIDENTEM ideo tridens Neptuno adsignatur, quia mare a quibusdam dicitur tertia pars mundi, uel quia tria genera aquarum sunt, maris, fluminum, fluuiorum, quibus omnibus Neptunum praeesse non nulli dicunt. {{ancora+|139|[[Aeneis/Liber I#139|139.]]}} {{sc|'''SORTE'''}} ac si diceret potuisse se etiam caelum tenere, Aeolum uero beneficio etiam carceris regna meruisse, nec sine suo arbitrio posse quemquam in suo regno habere potestatem. SED MIHI SORTE DATUM 'sorte' ideo ait, quia Iuppiter et Neptunus et Dis pater, Saturni et Opis filii, cum de mundi possessione certamen inissent, placuit ut imperium sorte diuiderent: ita effectum est, ut caelum Iuppiter, maria Neptunus, Dis pater inferos sortirentur. INMANIA aspera; 'manum' enim antiqui bonum dicebant, sicut supra dictum est, unde et 'mane' dicitur; quid enim melius? et per antiphrasin 'manes' inferi, quia non sint boni. 

[1,140] {{ancora+|140|[[Aeneis/Liber I#140|140.]]}} {{sc|'''VESTRAS'''}} EVRE DOMOS irascentum est uti proprio nomine, ut Terentius &quot;ego te in pistrinum Daue dedam&quot;. aut quasi contra principem tempestatis irascitur, quem primum constat egressum, quia supra 'una Eurusque Notusque ruunt'. quod autem dixit 'saxa inmania, uestras domos' de Pseudulo Plauti tractum est, ubi ait &quot;nisi forte carcerem aliquando effregistis uestram domum&quot;. et figurate 'saxa, domos'; uario enim significatu idem ostenditur. IACTET pro glorietur, sicut in georgicis &quot;nullo tantum se Moesia cultu iactet&quot;. et hoc ex accidenti sumptum, quoniam quicumque sunt in aliqua re gloriosissima motu quodam et incessu corpus suum iactant. AVLA inrisio est; sequitur enim 'carcere'. et nihil tam contrarium si simpliciter intellegamus. {{ancora+|141|[[Aeneis/Liber I#141|141.]]}} {{sc|'''CLAVSO'''}} quia dimittere uentos non ipsius est, sed iubentis. et hoc est &quot;foedere certo et dare iussus habenas&quot;. VENTORUM non otiose, sed per exprobrationem, poterat enim dicere 'uestro', sed ut supra &quot;meo sine numine uenti&quot;. CARCERE REGNET licet carcer sit, tamen regnum est Aeoli; haec enim pro adfectu possidentis intellegenda sunt, ut alibi cum de rure loqueretur &quot;post aliquot mea regna uidens mirabor aristas&quot;. et bene regnum Aeoli custodiam carceris dixit. {{ancora+|142|[[Aeneis/Liber I#142|142.]]}} {{sc|'''DICTO'''}} CITIUS non antequam diceret, dixit enim 'haec ait'; sed citius, quam dici potest. PLACAT sub poetica licentia physicam quoque tangit rationem. mare enim dicitur esse Neptunus, quem superius dixit grauiter commotum, quia tempestas erat. nunc ait 'placat', quia iam sedari coeperant maria. {{ancora+|143|[[Aeneis/Liber I#143|143.]]}} {{sc|'''COLLECTAS'''}} aut nunc collegit et fugauit, aut ante a uentis collectas fugauit, id est resoluit. COLLECTAS colligere enim nubes dicitur caelum, ut &quot;aut si nox pluuiam ne colligat ante ueremur&quot;. SOLEMQUE REDUCIT per solem serenitas intellegenda, quia superius dixerat &quot;eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque&quot;. quis enim ignorat diem constare per solem? et consequens erat, ut fugatis nubibus sol rediret. {{ancora+|144|[[Aeneis/Liber I#144|144.]]}} {{sc|'''CYMOTHOE'''}} nomina deorum plerumque de causis sunt ficta ab elementis, quae numina dici uoluere maiores, ut 'Cymothoe', id est cursus fluctuum, g-apo g-tou g-theein g-to g-kuma. TRITON deus marinus, Neptuni et Salaciae filius, deae marinae ab aqua salsa dictae. ADNIXUS antiquum est, ut 'conixus', quibus hodie non utimur; dicimus enim 'adnisus' et 'conisus'. sed et multa alia usus contra antiquitatem uindicauit. illi enim 'parsi' dicebant, nos dicimus 'peperci'. item nos dicimus 'suscepi', illi dicebant 'succepi', ut &quot;succepitque ignem foliis&quot;. ADNIXUS zeugma est, 'adnixi' enim debuit dicere, ut paulo post &quot;haud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum, aut portum tenet&quot;. ergo 'adnixus' ad Tritonem tantum pertinet, quia Cymothoen iuuabat. quibusdam sane non uidetur zeugma, quia 'adnixus', non 'conixus'. ordo tamen est 'Cymothoe simul et Triton acuto detrudunt naues scopulo', ab aris scilicet in quas &quot;tris Notus in s- l- t&quot;. {{ancora+|145|[[Aeneis/Liber I#145|145.]]}} {{sc|'''LEVAT'''}} leues ac nauigabiles facit, ut &quot;nostrumque leues quaecumque laborem&quot;. et scire debemus prudenter poetam pro causis uel tendere uel corripere orationem, ut hoc loco periclitantibus Troianis tota celeritate dicit esse subuentum. contra in quinto libro ubi nullum periculum est latius describit placantem maria Neptunum. item in secundo libro quoniam inminet periculum uno uersu ait &quot;quo res summa loco Panthu? quam prendimus arcem?&quot; LEVAT laxat, ut &quot;atque arta leuari uincla iubet Priamus&quot;. TRIDENTI autem pro tridente, datiuum pro ablatiuo. {{ancora+|146|[[Aeneis/Liber I#146|146.]]}} {{sc|'''APERIT'''}} ideo quia harenarum congerie inpediente praeclusae ad nauigandum erant. ergo inmisso in eas mari aptas ad nauigandum facit. sic Sallustius &quot;sed ubi tempore anni mare classibus patefactum est&quot;. ceterum bis idem. TEMPERAT tranquillum facit. {{ancora+|147|[[Aeneis/Liber I#147|147.]]}} {{sc|'''ATQUE'''}} ROTIS SUMMAS L- P- V- bene non moratur in descriptione currus, ut citius liberetur Aeneas. - -. PERLABITVR UNDAS figura est. quod enim nos modo dicimus per praepositionem nomini copulatam sequente uerbo, antiqui uerso ordine praepositionem detractam nomini iungebant uerbo, ita tamen ut esset una pars orationis, et faciebant honestam elocutionem. nos dicimus 'per undas labitur', illi dicebant 'perlabitur undas'. item 'per forum curro' et 'percurro forum'. notandum plane quod plerumque suum regit casum, plerumque ad ablatiuum transit. {{ancora+|148|[[Aeneis/Liber I#148|148.]]}} {{sc|'''AC'''}} VELVTI MAGNO IN POPVLO iste tempestati populi motum comparat, Tullius populo tempestatem: pro Milone &quot;equidem ceteras tempestates et procellas in illis dumtaxat fluctibus contionum&quot;. ita et Homerus seditioni tempestatem g-kinehtheh g-d' g-agoreh g-hohs g-kumata g-makra g-thalassehs. ideo autem 'magno' addidit, quia ubi frequens est populus, ibi et crebra seditio. et quidam 'populum' totam ciuitatem, 'uulgum' uero plebem significari putant. SAEPE autem ut fieri solet. {{ancora+|149|[[Aeneis/Liber I#149|149.]]}} {{sc|'''SEDITIO'''}} 'seditio' est ⟨dissensio ciuium⟩, sicut Cicero ait in de re publica &quot;eaque dissensio ciuium, quod seorsum eunt alii ad alios, seditio dicitur&quot;. ANIMIS IGNOBILE id est stultum, ut contra nobilem animum prudentium dicimus. ideo etiam paulo post ait 'arrectis auribus'; sumpsit enim translationem ab animalibus, quae utique stultiora sunt. VVLGUS et masculini generis et neutri lectum est: generis neutri hoc loco, alibi masculini, ut in &quot;uulgum ambiguas&quot;. et hoc est artis ut masculino utamur, quia omnia Latina nomina in us exeuntia, si neutra fuerint, tertiae sunt declinationis, ut pecus pecoris: si autem secundae fuerint declinationis, masculina sunt; 'uulgi' autem facit, non 'uulgeris', ut docti, clari. usurpatum tamen est neutrum genus propter unum Graecum nomen, id est pelagus. cum enim pelagi faciat, neutri tamen est generis. 

[1,150] {{ancora+|150|[[Aeneis/Liber I#150|150.]]}} {{sc|'''IAMQUE'''}} FACES ET SAXA VOLANT multi non 'uolant', sed 'uolunt' inuenisse se dicunt. sed Cornutus &quot;uerendum&quot;, ait, &quot;ne praeposterum sit faces uelle, et sic saxa, cum alibi maturius et ex ordine dictum sit 'arma uelit poscatque simul rapiatque inuentus&quot;'. FUROR ARMA MINISTRAT sic alibi &quot;rimanti telum ira facit&quot;. sane summa uelocitate sensus explicitus. {{ancora+|151|[[Aeneis/Liber I#151|151.]]}} {{sc|'''GRAVEM'''}} uenerabilem, unde et contemptibiles 'leues' dicimus. et bene seruat circa hunc rhetoricam definitionem, cui dat et iustitiam et peritiam dicendi, ut 'tum pietate grauem' et 'ille regit dictis animos'. orator enim est uir bonus, dicendi peritus. PIETATE GRAVEM cuius illis auctoritas ob pietatem est grauis. {{ancora+|152|[[Aeneis/Liber I#152|152.]]}} {{sc|'''ARRECTIS'''}} AVRIBUS translatio a mutis animalibus, quibus aures mobiles sunt. an aures pro audiendi sensu posuit, secutus Terentium qui ait &quot;arrige aures Pamphile&quot;? {{ancora+|155|[[Aeneis/Liber I#155|155.]]}} {{sc|'''GENITOR'''}} uenerabilis, ut &quot;Thybri pater&quot;. ergo hoc nomen et ad uerum patrem pertinet et ad honorem refertur. sane ueteres omnes deos patres dicebant. CAELOQUE INVECTUS APERTO non per caelum uectus, sed caelo iam sereno uectus per maria. {{ancora+|156|[[Aeneis/Liber I#156|156.]]}} {{sc|'''FLECTIT'''}} quidam 'flectit' pro regit accipiunt, ut interdum 'torquet' in eodem significatu ponit &quot;qui numine torques&quot;. CURRV non, ut quidam putant, pro 'currui' posuit, nec est apocope, sed ratio artis antiquae, quia omnis nominatiuus pluralis regit genetiuum singularem et isosyllabus esse debet, ut hae musae huius musae, hi docti huius docti. item a genetiuo singulari datiuus regitur singularis, ut isosyllabus sit, ut huius docti huic docto. inde ergo est &quot;curruque abscisa duorum suspendit capita&quot; et &quot;libra die&quot;, ne, si 'diei' fecisset, maior esset nominatiuo plurali. SECVNDO Troianis obsequenti. et tractus est sermo a sequentibus seruis, id est pedisequis secundis: unde et secundam fortunam dicimus, quod secundum nos est, id est prope nos. {{ancora+|157|[[Aeneis/Liber I#157|157.]]}} {{sc|'''AENEADAE'''}} nunc Troiani, aliquando Romani, ut &quot;Aeneadae in ferrum pro libertate ruebant&quot;. PROXIMA LITORA ideo quia post periculum non eligitur litus, sed quodcumque occurrit occupatur. CURSU aut secundum quod superius diximus 'proxima cursu', id est cursui, aut 'contendunt cursu petere', et est septimus casus. ut hic 'cursu' de nauibus, ita alibi iter, ut &quot;unde iter Italiam&quot; et in quinto &quot;certus iter&quot;. stationes etiam nauium dicebant, quod est animalibus terrestribus proprium. {{ancora+|158|[[Aeneis/Liber I#158|158.]]}} {{sc|'''VERTVNTVR'''}} scilicet a proposito itinere, hoc est ab Italia. {{ancora+|159|[[Aeneis/Liber I#159|159.]]}} {{sc|'''EST'''}} IN SECESSU topothesia est, id est fictus secundum poeticam licentiam locus. ne autem uideatur penitus a ueritate discedere, Hispaniensis Carthaginis portum descripsit. ceterum hunc locum in Africa nusquam esse constat, nec incongrue propter nominis similitudinem posuit. nam topographia est rei uerae descriptio. SECESSU sinu secreto. LOCUS subaudis 'quem', ut superius &quot;urbs antiqua fuit&quot;. et sciendum est, quia, quotiens praemittimus nomen cuiuslibet generis et interposito pronomine proprium sequitur nomen alterius generis, medium illud pronomen proprii nominis genus sequitur, ut Sallustius &quot;est in carcere locus, quod Tullianum appellatur&quot;. ecce proprio iunxit, non appellatiuo; Tullianum enim proprium est, carcer appellatiuum. si autem utraque nomina appellatiua fuerint, licenter cui uolumus respondemus. INSVLA PORTUM EFFICIT 'quem locum' subaudimus, uel 'in quo insula portum efficit'; hoc enim solummodo portus, quod illi insula anteposita est. 

[1,160] {{ancora+|161|[[Aeneis/Liber I#161|161.]]}} {{sc|'''INQUE'''}} SINUS SCINDIT SESE UNDA REDUCTOS diuidit se unda in sinus reductos, id est replicabiles. INQUE SINUS antiqua est locutio. sic ipse alibi &quot;inque salutatam linquo&quot;. C- Memmius de triumpho Luculli Asiatico: &quot;inque luxuriosissimis Asiae oppidis consedissse&quot; et mox &quot;inque Gallograeciam redierunt&quot;. {{ancora+|162|[[Aeneis/Liber I#162|162.]]}} {{sc|'''GEMINI'''}} pares, similes; interdum et duos significat. MINANTVR eminent, ut &quot;minaeque murorum ingentes&quot;. item &quot;illa usque minatur&quot;. et ita est, ut quae eminent minari uideantur. {{ancora+|163|[[Aeneis/Liber I#163|163.]]}} {{sc|'''SUB'''}} VERTICE hoc est circa radices montis, quae ad rectam lineam suscipiunt cacumen, id est uerticem. {{ancora+|164|[[Aeneis/Liber I#164|164.]]}} {{sc|'''TUTA'''}} a tempestate defensa, ideo et 'silent'. TUM pro praeterea. TUM SILVIS SCAENA CORVSCIS 'siluis coruscis' hoc est siluarum coruscarum, id est crispantium, ut Iuuenalis &quot;longa coruscat serraco ueniente abies&quot;. et posuit septimum pro genetiuo, ut superius &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. alii 'coruscis' tremulis uel uibrantibus accipiunt. SCAENA inumbratio. et dicta scaena g-apo g-tehs g-skias. apud antiquos enim theatralis scaena parietem non habuit, sed de frondibus umbracula quaerebant. postea tabulata conponere coeperunt in modum parietis. scaena autem pars theatri aduersa spectantibus, in qua sunt regia. {{ancora+|165|[[Aeneis/Liber I#165|165.]]}} {{sc|'''DESVPER'''}} pro supra, praepositione contra rationem adiecta. HORRENTI horror plerumque ad odium pertinet, plerumque ad uenerationem, ut hoc loco. sic Lucanus &quot;arboribus suus horror inest&quot;. ATRUM NEMUS tropus est; per atrum enim nigrum ostendit, per nigrum umbrosum, per umbrosum densum, id est frondibus plenum. {{ancora+|167|[[Aeneis/Liber I#167|167.]]}} {{sc|'''VIVO'''}} naturali, ut &quot;uiuo praeteruehor ostia saxo&quot;. {{ancora+|168|[[Aeneis/Liber I#168|168.]]}} {{sc|'''NYMPHARUM'''}} DOMUS aut uerum dicit et est historia, aut ad laudem pertinet loci: talis, inquit, locus est, ut domus credatur esse nympharum. HIC pro 'illic' more suo. {{ancora+|169|[[Aeneis/Liber I#169|169.]]}} {{sc|'''ANCHORA'''}} MORSU hoc nomen cum in Graeco, unde originem ducit, aspirationem non habeat, in Latino aspiratur: quod est contrarium; nam magis Graecorum est aspiratio. sed hoc in paucis nominibus inuenitur. morsum autem de anchoris bene dixit, cum alio loco inueniamus &quot;tum dente tenaci anchora fundabat nauis&quot;. 

[1,170] {{ancora+|170|[[Aeneis/Liber I#170|170.]]}} {{sc|'''HUC'''}} SEPTEM AENEAE C- N- quidam uolunt hoc loco quaestionem nasci. si fauet Neptunus Troianis, cur cum omnibus nauibus ad Africam non peruenit Aeneas? sed Neptunus postquam sensit tempestatem commotam, potuit de periculo liberare Troianos, ante facta uero mutare non potuit. nam et Orontis nauem cum omnibus sociis eius constat perisse: et simul libri oeconomia perisset, si Aeneas cum omnibus nauibus peruenisset. uolunt autem septem naues ita interim colligi, ut una Aeneae sit, tres de saxis a Cymothoe et Tritone, tres de syrtibus, Neptuno syrtes nauigabiles faciente, liberatae sint, reliquae tantum dispersae sint, quas paulo post legimus ad Africae litus adpulsas. nouam tamen rem Naeuius bello Punico dicit, unam nauem habuisse Aeneam, quam Mercurius fecerit. {{ancora+|171|[[Aeneis/Liber I#171|171.]]}} {{sc|'''TELLVRIS'''}} AMORE cuiuscumque post pericula. unde et superius dixit 'quae proxima litora cursu contendunt'. et paulo post infert 'optata potiuntur Troes harena'; nam re uera haec optata non erat eis, qui ad Italiam festinant. tellurem autem pro terra posuit, cum Tellurem deam dicamus, terram elementum; ut plerumque ponimus Vulcanum pro igni, Cererem pro frumento, Liberum pro uino. {{ancora+|172|[[Aeneis/Liber I#172|172.]]}} {{sc|'''HARENA'''}} quaeritur, habeat necne nomen hoc adspirationem. et Varro sic definit &quot;si ab ariditate dicitur non habet, si ab haerendo, ut in fabricis uidemus, habet&quot;. melior tamen est superior etymologia. et 'harena' aut pro terra posita est, aut et harena grata potuit esse post mare. {{ancora+|173|[[Aeneis/Liber I#173|173.]]}} {{sc|'''SALE'''}} TABENTIS aut madefactos aspargine, aut qui apud sentinam laborauerint; nam supra ait &quot;omnes accipiunt inimicum imbrem&quot;. sane marina aqua dicitur exesse et extenuare ut cetera sic corpus humanum. IN LITORE pro in litus, ut &quot;arma sub aduersa posuit radiantia quercu&quot; pro sub aduersam quercum. {{ancora+|174|[[Aeneis/Liber I#174|174.]]}} {{sc|'''SILICI'''}} SCINTILLAM EXCVDIT bene adiecit speciem, quia in lapidibus certis inuenitur ignis. 'excudit' autem est feriendo eiecit, quia cudere est ferire; unde et incus dicitur, quod illic aliquid cudamus, id est feriamus. ACHATES adlusit ad nomen, nam achates lapidis species est: bene ergo ipsum dicit ignem excusisse. unde etiam Achaten eius comitem dixit. lectum est enim in naturali historia Plinii, quod si quis hunc lapidem in anulo habuerit, gratiosior est. {{ancora+|175|[[Aeneis/Liber I#175|175.]]}} {{sc|'''SUCCEPIT'''}} pro suscepit, ut diximus supra. {{ancora+|176|[[Aeneis/Liber I#176|176.]]}} {{sc|'''NUTRIMENTA'''}} Cicero in Oratore &quot;sed quod educata huius nutrimentis eloquentia ipsa se postea colorat&quot;. RAPVITQUE IN FOMITE FLAMMAM paene soloecophanes est; nam cum mutationem uerbum significet, ablatiuo usus est: sed hoc soluit aut antiqua circa communes praepositiones licentia, ut est &quot;conditus in nubem&quot;, contra &quot;et nota conduntur in aluo&quot;, item &quot;saeua sedens super arma&quot; et &quot;geminae super arbore sidunt&quot;. Cicero &quot;quod ille in capite ab hostium duce acceperat&quot;, item &quot;et si fortes fueritis in eo, quem nemo sit ausus defendere&quot;. aut 'rapuit' raptim fecit flammam in fomite, id est celeriter. et mire 'rapuit', opus est enim celeritate ad tale ministerium. sane fomites sunt assulae quae ab arboribus cadunt quando inciduntur, quod foueant ignem. Clodius Scriba commentariorum IIII. &quot;fomenta taleae excisae ex arboribus&quot;, item alio loco &quot;astulae ambustae, ligna cauata a fungis nomine excepto&quot;. {{ancora+|177|[[Aeneis/Liber I#177|177.]]}} {{sc|'''CEREREM'''}} metonymia pro frumento. CORRVPTAM UNDIS aqua emollitam. CEREALIAQUE ARMA fugiens uilia ad generalitatem transiit propter carminis dignitatem et rem uilem auxit honestate sermonis, ut alibi, ne lucernam diceret, ait &quot;testa cum ardente uiderent scintillare oleum&quot;. et sciendum est iudice euphonia dici 'Cerealia' uel 'Cerialia', 'Typhoea' uel 'Typhoia', 'Caesareanus' uel 'Caesarianus'. in his ergo licentia deriuationis est. CEREALIAQUE ARMA 'arma' enim generaliter omnium rerum instrumenta dicuntur, ubi reponuntur armaria dicta sunt. Nigidius de hominum naturalibus IIII. &quot;omnis enim ars materia inuenta circa quam uersetur, ferramenta uasa instrumentum armamentaque primum comparat, per quae opera sua efficere possit&quot;. {{ancora+|178|[[Aeneis/Liber I#178|178.]]}} {{sc|'''FESSI'''}} RERUM hoc est penuria fatigati, id est esurientes, quod fere laborem fames subsequitur. et fessus generale est; dicimus enim fessus animo, id est incertus consilii, ut &quot;ter fessus ualle resedit&quot;, et fessus corpore, quod magis est proprium, et fessus rerum a fortuna uenientium, ut hoc loco. epitheta numquam uacant, sed aut ad augmentum, aut ad diminutionem, aut ad discretionem poni solent. FRVGES generaliter omnes fruges dicuntur, et errant qui discernunt frumenta a frugibus. nam Cicero ait &quot;olei et frugum minutarum&quot;, cum de leguminibus diceret, ut ostenderet etiam frumenta fruges uocari. frugum autem nomen tractum est a frumine, id est eminente gutturis parte. RECEPTAS liberatas ut &quot;medioque ex hoste recepit&quot;, id est liberauit. RECEPTAS de periculo uel ex insperato saluas. {{ancora+|179|[[Aeneis/Liber I#179|179.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} TORRERE PARANT FLAMMIS ET FRANGERE SAXO multi hysteroproteron putant, non respicientes superiora, quia dixit undis Cererem esse corruptam, quam necesse fuerat ante siccari. qui tamen etiam contra hoc illo se tuentur exemplo &quot;nunc torrete igni fruges, nunc frangite saxo&quot; et uolunt etiam hic hysteroproteron esse. quod falsum est; nam et hodie siccari ante fruges et sic frangi uidemus. et quia apud maiores nostros molarum usus non erat, frumenta torrebant et ea in pilas missa pinsebant, et hoc erat genus molendi. unde et pinsores dicti sunt, qui nunc pistores uocantur. pinsere autem dici Persius probat, ut &quot;a tergo quem nulla ciconia pinsit&quot;. quidam ne hysteroproteron sit, alios torrere, alios frangere accipiunt. Accius Troadibus &quot;nocturna saxo fruges franges torridas&quot;. sane his uersibus 'tum Cererem corruptam undis' et 'torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo' ius pontificum latenter attingit. flamines autem farinam fermentatam contingere non licebat. cum autem dicit 'Cererem corruptam undis' et 'torrere p- f- et f- s-', quid aliud ostendit, quam mox eos sine fermento panem coxisse, qui omnes fruges corruptas protulerunt? non autem exspectasse eos fermentum, docet illo uersu 'tum uictu reuocant uires'. 

[1,180] {{ancora+|180|[[Aeneis/Liber I#180|180.]]}} {{sc|'''AENEAS'''}} merita personarum uilibus officiis interesse non debent: quod bene seruat ubique Vergilius, ut hoc loco, item in sexto cum diuersis officiis Troianos diceret occupatos, ait &quot;at pius Aeneas arces quibus altus Apollo praesidet&quot;: nisi cum causa pietatis interuenit, ut ad sepeliendum socium Misenum de Aenea dixit &quot;paribusque accingitur armis&quot;. SCOPVLUM id est speculam. et quando speculationem significamus, generis est feminini, ut &quot;specula Misenus ab alta&quot;. speculum autem, in quo nos intuemur, generis est neutri, ut Iuuenalis &quot;speculum ciuilis sarcina belli&quot;. {{ancora+|181|[[Aeneis/Liber I#181|181.]]}} {{sc|'''LATE'''}} PETIT in quantum potest. PELAGO in pelagus, ut &quot;inferretque deos Latio&quot;. ANTHEA SI QUEM aut ordo est 'ascendit scopulum requisiturus Anthea Capyn Caicum, si quem uideat'. et usus est hoc genere elocutionis, quo et Terentius, qui dixit &quot;quod plerique omnes faciunt adulescentuli&quot;. atqui nihil tam contrarium; omnes enim generale est, plerique speciale: ordo ergo est, quod omnes faciunt adulescentuli, ut animum ad aliquod studium adiungant, plerique equos alere, plerique canes. aut certe 'quem' uacat, ut superius diximus istas frequenter uacare particulas, ut ipse Vergilius &quot;Rhebe diu, res si qua diu mortalibus ulla est&quot;. nemo enim dicit 'si qua ulla', sed 'si ulla': uacat ergo 'qua'. item in Lucilio &quot;et quem Pamphilum quaeris&quot; 'quem' uacat, nam de uno loquebatur. ergo 'si quem uideat' pro 'si uideat' posuit, cui contrarium ponebant ueteres 'nullum', id est 'si quem uidisti' 'nullum uidi' pro 'non uidi'. sane legitur et 'si qua', ut sit 'si qua ratione'. {{ancora+|182|[[Aeneis/Liber I#182|182.]]}} {{sc|'''PHRYGIAS'''}} Troianas, Troia enim in Phrygia prouincia est. et ueri simile est, Aeneam de omni ipsa prouincia socios habere potuisse. in secundo enim ait &quot;undique conuenere animis opibusque parati&quot;. dicta autem Phrygia ab Aesopi filia Phrygia. BIREMIS naues habentes remorum ordinem geminum, ut alibi &quot;triplici pubes quam Dardana uersu inpellunt&quot;. quidam tamen 'biremes' ad suum tempus uolunt dixisse Vergilium, negantes Troicis temporibus biremes fuisse. Varro enim ait post aliquot annos inuentas biremes. {{ancora+|183|[[Aeneis/Liber I#183|183.]]}} {{sc|'''IN'''}} PUPPIBUS ARMA CAICI quia nauigantum militum est puppibus arma religare, ut alibi &quot;pacem orare manu, praefigere puppibus arma&quot;. fiebat hoc autem et signi gratia. aut 'arma' pro naualibus armamentis, ut &quot;colligere arma iubet&quot;, quia solent naues a uelificatione facile cognosci. {{ancora+|184|[[Aeneis/Liber I#184|184.]]}} {{sc|'''CERVOS'''}} cerui dicti sunt g-apo g-ton g-keraton, id est a cornibus. sciendum autem est etiam Latina nomina Graecam plerumque etymologiam recipere. sed cerui non sunt in prouincia proconsulari, ad quam uenit Aeneas. aut fictum ergo est secundum poeticum morem, aut ob hoc dictum, quia heroicis temporibus ubique omnia nascebantur per se, ut ipse &quot;omnis feret omnia tellus&quot;. aut possunt tunc fuisse, sed ut multis aliis locis uariae mutationes factae: licet quidam ceruos pro quacumque fera dictos accipiant, quia post ait 'inplentur ueteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae'. nam male quidam eos de uicinis insulis transfretasse tradunt, et ideo 'errantes', quod in ignotis locis essent. {{ancora+|185|[[Aeneis/Liber I#185|185.]]}} {{sc|'''ERRANTES'''}} pascentes, ut alibi &quot;mille meae Siculis errant in montibus agnae&quot;; re uera enim dum pascuntur, uagantur. et in septimo de ceruo &quot;errabat siluis&quot;. TOTA inter 'totum' et 'omne' hoc interest, quod 'totum' dicimus unius corporis plenitudinem, 'omne' de uniuersis dicimus, ut puta 'totum auditorium habet scolasticos', hoc est plenum est auditorium scolasticis; 'omne auditorium habet scolasticos', id est omnia auditoria. usurpant tamen poetae et ista confundunt, ut hoc loco 'tota' pro omnibus posuit, et contra pro tota 'omnem' posuit, ut est &quot;omnemque reuerti per Troiam&quot;. Statius &quot;et totos in poenam ordire nepotes&quot;, id est omnes. plerique deriuationem dicunt ab eo quod est 'tot' 'totus', ut ab eo quod est 'quot' 'quotus'. sed illud notandum, quia in deriuatione mutat plerumque naturam; nam cum 'tot' naturaliter breuis sit, 'totus' producitur, 'quotus' uero secundum originem suam breuis remanet. ARMENTA uidetur noue de ceruis dixisse, cum armenta proprie boum sint uel equorum uel ceterorum quibus in armis utimur. {{ancora+|186|[[Aeneis/Liber I#186|186.]]}} {{sc|'''AGMEN'''}} agmen proprie dicitur ordinata multitudo, ut est ambulantis exercitus; neque enim in uno loco stans agmen uocatur, aut si inuentum fuerit usurpatum est: unde bene adiecit 'longum', ut incedentum ostenderet significationem. {{ancora+|187|[[Aeneis/Liber I#187|187.]]}} {{sc|'''CONSTITIT'''}} 'con' secundum naturam breuis est semper, excepto quum s littera uel f sequitur; tunc enim tantum producitur, sicut 'in' syllaba, ut insula, infula. HIC pro tunc, aut pro ibi. CELERES potest et pro celeriter accipi. {{ancora+|188|[[Aeneis/Liber I#188|188.]]}} {{sc|'''CORRIPVIT'''}} aut de pharetra corripuit, ut est &quot;corripit hic subita trepidus formidine ferrum&quot;, aut ab Achate, ut eum secutum esse per silentium intellegamus, ut illo loco &quot;ni iam praemissus Achates adforet&quot;, item &quot;nunc repeto, Anchises fatorum arcana reliquit&quot;. aut 'corripuit', ut ceruorum celeritatem praeciperet. GEREBAT aut tunc, aut quae gerere consueuerat. {{ancora+|190|[[Aeneis/Liber I#190|190.]]}} {{sc|'''CORNIBUS'''}} ARBOREIS aut subaudi 'cum', ut illo loco &quot;atque Ixionii uento rota constitit orbis&quot;, id est cum uento; aut certe secundum supra dictam figuram 'cornibus arboreis' pro cornuum arboreorum. melius tamen est ut 'cum' subaudias. TUM VVLGUS bene 'uulgus' ductoribus interemptis. Ennius &quot;auium uulgus&quot; et alibi &quot;hastarum&quot;, id est multitudinem hastarum et auium. 

[1,190] {{ancora+|191|[[Aeneis/Liber I#191|191.]]}} {{sc|'''MISCET'''}} perturbat, circumagit, insequitur. FRONDEA pro frondosa posuit. plerumque enim dum uarietati declinationis student poetae mutant proprietatem; nam frondeum est totum de frondibus, ut torus, frondosus uero est lucus; licet enim abundet frondibus, non tamen est de frondibus totus: ut saxeus et saxosus. TURBAM multitudinem. Cicero in Verrinis &quot;uidet in turba Verrem&quot;, Plautus in Amphitrione &quot;deinde utrique imperatores in medium exeunt extra turbam ordinum&quot;. {{ancora+|192|[[Aeneis/Liber I#192|192.]]}} {{sc|'''QUAM'''}} SEPTEM bene definit numerum; necessitatis enim est haec uenatio, non uoluptatis, in qua plura requiruntur. nec enim conueniebat, sociis diuersis modis laborantibus, uoluptati operam dare. VICTOR hoc loco propositi effector, ut est &quot;atque rotis insistere uictor&quot;. {{ancora+|193|[[Aeneis/Liber I#193|193.]]}} {{sc|'''FUNDAT'''}} HVMI per humum. et est aduerbialiter positum, ut &quot;humi nitens&quot;, id est per humum. CUM NAVIBUS cacenphaton in sermone, quod fit si 'cum' particulam n littera sequatur. notandum sane est, quod non omnia persequitur, neque enim indicat, quo delati sunt cerui. {{ancora+|194|[[Aeneis/Liber I#194|194.]]}} {{sc|'''HINC'''}} pro inde uel post, abutitur enim aduerbiis more suo. PARTITVR Sallustius ait &quot;prouincias inter se partiuerant&quot;, nam et partio et partior dicimus: et est uerbum de his, quae cum utramque recipiant declinationem pro nostra uoluntate, actiuae tamen sunt significationis, ut punio punior, fabrico fabricor, lauo lauor. quamquam temptauerit Probus facere differentiam inter actiuam passiuamque significationem, ut dicamus tondeo alterum tondeor ab altero; sed hoc in aliis uerbis dicere non possumus, ut fabrico fabricor, pasco pascor; nam legimus &quot;florem depasta salicti&quot; et &quot;pascuntur uero dumos&quot;. sunt autem alia uerba, quae actiuae significationis declinationisque sunt, ut caedo, sunt quae passiuae, ut caedor. inuenimus tamen, actiuam declinationem significationem habere passiuam, ut uapulo, et contra declinationem passiuam actiuam habere significationem, ut loquor. haec ergo caute ab illis segreganda sunt uerbis. {{ancora+|195|[[Aeneis/Liber I#195|195.]]}} {{sc|'''VINA'''}} BONUS QUAE DEINDE CADIS ONERARAT ACESTES ordo est 'deinde uina partitur, quae Acestes dedit'. 'bonus' autem hic largus uel liberalis. sane etiam Aeneam bonum pro laude appellat, ut in quinto &quot;quos bonus Aeneas dictis solatur amicis&quot;. bonum etiam pro forti dicit Sallustius &quot;sane bonus ea tempestate contra pericula et ambitionem&quot;. item in Catilina &quot;sed libertatem, quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittit&quot;. de Acestis autem origine fabula in quinto libro est. DEINDE una syllaba metri causa excluditur. {{ancora+|196|[[Aeneis/Liber I#196|196.]]}} {{sc|'''TRINACRIO'''}} Graecum est propter g-tria g-akra, id est promunturia, Lilybaeum, Pachynum, Pelorum. Latine autem Triquetra dicitur. sane Philostephanus peri ton neson sine r littera Trinaciam appellat &quot;g-hoti g-Trinakos g-autehs g-prohtos g-ebasileusen&quot;. HEROS uir fortis, semideus, plus ab homine habens, ut ait Hesiodus. {{ancora+|197|[[Aeneis/Liber I#197|197.]]}} {{sc|'''DICTIS'''}} MAERENTIA bene ante epulas et hortatur socios et solatur. {{ancora+|198|[[Aeneis/Liber I#198|198.]]}} {{sc|'''O'''}} SOCII ordo est 'o socii, reuocate animos'. bene autem socios dixit, ut se eis exaequaret. quidam socios proprie remiges accipiunt, sed illi socii nauales appellantur. IGNARI pro inmemores. et est acyrologia; ignarus enim est qui ignorat, inmemor qui oblitus est. ANTE MALORUM g-huphen est, id est antiquorum malorum, ut alibi &quot;caeli subterlabentia signa&quot;. et totus hic locus de Naeuio belli Punici libro translatus est. {{ancora+|199|[[Aeneis/Liber I#199|199.]]}} {{sc|'''O'''}} PASSI GRAVIORA arte magna utitur. uult enim eos meminisse grauissimorum, ut praesentia facilius tolerent. et bene grauiora dicit esse transacta, ut de praesenti eos naufragio consoletur, et ut ostendat futura esse leuiora. HIS QUOQUE scilicet sicut et grauioribus. 

[1,200] {{ancora+|200|[[Aeneis/Liber I#200|200.]]}} {{sc|'''VOS'''}} uos certe estis. SCYLLAEAM RABIEM exempla pro negotiorum qualitate sumere debemus, ut hoc loco in marinis periculis ponit peractae tempestatis exempla. 'rabiem' autem secundum antiquos dictum non nulli adserunt; nam rabiam dici adfirmant. PENITVSQUE SONANTES id est ualde, et aut 'ualde sonantes' accessistis, aut 'ualde accessistis', id est iuxta. et bene ait 'accessistis'; non enim passi sunt haec pericula, sed his fuere uicini. 'accestis' autem pro accessistis dictum per syncopen, quae fit, cum de media parte uerbi syllaba subducitur. {{ancora+|201|[[Aeneis/Liber I#201|201.]]}} {{sc|'''CYCLOPEA'''}} SAXA aut quae Cyclops in Ulixen iecit, aut certe Siciliam dicit, quae plurimis locis saxosa promunturia habet, in qua Cyclopes habitauerunt, ut ipse &quot;centum alii curua haec habitant ad litora uulgo&quot;. possumus tamen et Aetnam accipere, quae propria Cyclopum fuit: nam et ipse in tertio ait &quot;nocte illa tecti siluis inmania monstra perferimus&quot;. quidam tamen haec saxa inter Catinam et Tauromenium in modum metarum situ naturali dicunt esse, quae Cyclopea appellantur, quorum medium et eminentissimum Galate dicitur. {{ancora+|202|[[Aeneis/Liber I#202|202.]]}} {{sc|'''REVOCATE'''}} ANIMOS quos remisistis resumite, hoc est animo praesenti estote. MAESTVMQUE TIMOREM quod maestos et sollicitos faciat, ut 'mors pallida' et 'tristis senectus'. {{ancora+|203|[[Aeneis/Liber I#203|203.]]}} {{sc|'''MITTITE'''}} pro omittite. et est tropus aphaeresis, quomodo temnere pro contemnere. FORSAN forsan fortassis forsitan forte fors, ut &quot;fors et uota facit&quot; et &quot;forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras&quot;. sed omnia haec unum significant, sed uarie pro metri ratione ponuntur. dicitur tamen et 'fortasse', ut Terentius &quot;tu fortasse, quae hic facta sunt, nescis&quot;. OLIM modo temporis futuri est. MEMINISSE memini et genetiuum regit et accusatiuum; dicimus enim et memini malorum et memini mala: et iusta ratione; nam memoriae obliuio contraria est. et obliuiscor similiter et genetiuum regit et accusatiuum, ut &quot;obliuiscere caedis atque incendiorum&quot; et &quot;obliuiscor iniurias tuas Clodia&quot;. {sic Tullius Cicero.} IVVABIT futuri temporis est. huius autem uerbi praeteritum perfectum anomalum est. nam cum primae coniugationis uerba tempore perfecto aut in aui exeant, ut amaui, aut in ui solutam, ut tonui, hoc uerbum neque iuuaui facit neque iuuui, sed iuui, ut Lucanus &quot;iuuit sumpta ducem, iuuit dimissa potestas&quot;. IVVABIT sicut nunc priorum meminisse iuuat. et multi 'iuuabit' non delectabit, sed usus erit tradunt. {{ancora+|204|[[Aeneis/Liber I#204|204.]]}} {{sc|'''PER'''}} VARIOS CASUS argumentum a conpensatione. et bene dicendo 'casus' et 'discrimina' praeterita attenuat; neque enim ait 'pericula'. 'rerum' autem potest et saluo sensu omitti. SEDES QUIETAS non uacat quod adiecit 'quietas'. habuit enim sedes et in Thracia, sed portentosas, et in Creta, sed pestilentes, et ideo non quietas. 'fata' autem quidam hic deorum responsa accipiunt. {{ancora+|206|[[Aeneis/Liber I#206|206.]]}} {{sc|'''ILLIC'''}} FAS REGNA RESVERGERE TROIAE figura etiam ante dicta, qua per contrarium aliquid intellegimus. dicendo enim 'illic fas' ostendit alibi nefas, ut occurreret cogitationi sociorum, ne fatigati tot malis quascumque requirerent sedes, quod etiam in quinto factum est nauibus incensis. bene autem 'regna Troiae' dixit, non Troiam, quam amiserant. {{ancora+|207|[[Aeneis/Liber I#207|207.]]}} {{sc|'''DVRATE'''}} duri estote ad sustinendos labores. sic Horatius &quot;uix durare possunt imperiosius aequor&quot;. VOSMET 'met' g-parelkon est. sciendum autem est, has particulas 'met' 'piam' 'te', ut egomet quispiam tute et similia ornatus causa poni. sunt autem aduerbia. quicquid enim ab illis septem recesserit partibus aduerbium sit necesse est. item quemadmodum probamus aduerbia esse, quia dicimus 'docte facio', 'docte feci', 'docte fecisti', et mutato uerbo remanet aduerbium: ergo si sic et in istis particulis inuenimus, ut egomet uosmet, ut mutatis casibus uel personis eadem permaneant, aduerbia sine dubio sunt, nulla enim hoc alia pars orationis admittit. notandum sane quod hae particulae plerumque suam naturam habent, non syllabarum. nam cum 'te' et 'met' longae sint, 'tutemet' dactylus inuenitur, nec possumus harum partium naturam discutere, quia sub regulis non sunt. {{ancora+|208|[[Aeneis/Liber I#208|208.]]}} {{sc|'''VOCE'''}} REFERT pleonasmos est, qui fit quotiens adduntur superflua, ut alibi &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;. Terentius &quot;his oculis egomet uidi&quot;. CURIS cura dicta ab eo quod cor urat. denique paulo post ait 'premit altum corde dolorem'. AEGER 'aeger' est et tristis et male ualens, aegrotus autem siue aegrotans tantummodo male ualens. {{ancora+|209|[[Aeneis/Liber I#209|209.]]}} {{sc|'''SPEM'''}} laetitiam, ut &quot;spem fronte serenat&quot;: et est crebra apud Vergilium figura, quae fit quotiens significatur ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, nam spem laetitia sequitur: spes uero in uultu non uidetur, sed laetitia. haec autem figura et uersa uice fit, ut intellegamus ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit, ut &quot;meritaeque expectent praemia palmae&quot; palmam pro uirtute posuit, quae praemium meretur et palmam. 

[1,210] {{ancora+|210|[[Aeneis/Liber I#210|210.]]}} {{sc|'''PRAEDAE'''}} ad praedam, ut &quot;inferretque deos Latio&quot;. ACCINGUNT studiose parant, ut alibi &quot;accingunt operi&quot;; accinctos enim industrios dicimus, ut Horatius &quot;altius ac nos praecinctis unum&quot;, sicut econtra neclegentes discinctos uocamus, ut &quot;discinctos Mulciber Afros&quot;. DAPIBVSQUE FUTVRIS ambitiose dixit quod sunt cerui dapes futurae. {{ancora+|211|[[Aeneis/Liber I#211|211.]]}} {{sc|'''TERGORA'''}} tergus tergoris, unde et 'tergora', corium significat, tergum uero tergi, ut templum templi, dorsum significat, ut Sallustius &quot;scilicet quia tergis abstinetur&quot;. sed haec a ueteribus confundebantur, ut alibi &quot;taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo&quot;. item in nono &quot;ingerit hastas in tergus&quot;. quidam mox detracta coria pelles dici, subacta autem et iam medicata coria appellanda tradunt. VISCERA NUDANT 'uiscera' non tantum intestina dicimus, sed quicquid sub corio est, ut &quot;in Albano Latinis uisceratio dabatur&quot;, id est caro. est autem nominatiuus hoc uiscus huius uisceris, ut Lucretius &quot;uiscus gigni sanguenque creari&quot;. sanguen autem ideo dixit, quia sanguinis facit, ut carmen carminis; si enim sanguis diceret, par esset genetiuus, ut anguis, pinguis. {{ancora+|212|[[Aeneis/Liber I#212|212.]]}} {{sc|'''PARS'''}} ET FRVSTA SECANT figurate, ut &quot;pars grandia trudunt&quot;. VERIBUS ecce nomen de his quae in numero singulari indeclinabilia sunt, ut ueru cornu genu. TREMENTIA palpitantia adhuc. {{ancora+|213|[[Aeneis/Liber I#213|213.]]}} {{sc|'''LITORE'''}} pro in litore. AENA LOCANT quibus utebantur non ad elixandas carnes, sed ad se lauandos. heroicis enim temporibus carne non uescebantur elixa. huic autem nomini maiores adspirationem dabant; nam ahena dicebant. sane aena absolute, sicut Graeci g-chalkea, ut &quot;costis undantis aeni&quot; et &quot;aena undantia flammis&quot;. quidam autem aenum speciem uasis non utique aenei tradunt, ut Neuius &quot;aeneus, plumbeus&quot;. {{ancora+|214|[[Aeneis/Liber I#214|214.]]}} {{sc|'''TUM'''}} id est uel postquam se lauerunt, uel postquam sibi cibum parauerunt. VICTU cibo, unde et conuictores dicimus, ut Horatius &quot;nunc quia sim tibi Maecenas conuictor&quot;; nam conuiuae a conuiuio dicuntur. REVOCANT VIRES bene cibo dixit uires reductas, quia supra dixerat 'fessi rerum', hoc est fame et labore fatigati. FUSI polysemus sermo est. significat enim et discumbentes, ut hoc loco, et fugatos et occisos. sane iuxta temporis sui morem hoc loco discumbentes inducit, nam olim sedentes uesci consueuerant, ut ipse meminit &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. {{ancora+|215|[[Aeneis/Liber I#215|215.]]}} {{sc|'''INPLENTVR'''}} inpleor duos casus regit; dicimus enim et inpleor illius rei, ut Cicero &quot;squaloris plenus ac pulueris&quot; et inpleor illa re, ut Iuuenalis &quot;lectica Mathonis plena ipso&quot;. FERINAE feras dicimus aut quod omni corpore feruntur, aut quod naturali utuntur libertate et pro desiderio suo feruntur. sane ueteres prope omnes quadrupedes feras dicebant, ut &quot;inque feri curuam conpagibus aluum contorsit&quot; et &quot;armentalis equae mammis et lacte ferino&quot;. {{ancora+|216|[[Aeneis/Liber I#216|216.]]}} {{sc|'''POSTQUAM'''}} EXEMPTA FAMES caute in maestitia cibis famem exemptam dicit, id est fugatam, non affluentiam quaesitam. Homerus &quot;g-autar g-epei g-posios g-kai g-edehtuos g-ex g-eron g-hento&quot;. MENSAEQUE REMOTAE quia apud maiores ipsas apponebant mensas pro discis: unde est &quot;et mensae grata secundae&quot;. duas enim habebant mensas: unam carnis, alteram pomorum. sane aliquando inducit luxuriosas epulas &quot;postquam prima quies epulis mensaeque remotae&quot;. AMISSOS non re uera, sed ut illo tempore putabant. {{ancora+|218|[[Aeneis/Liber I#218|218.]]}} {{sc|'''SPEMQUE'''}} METVMQUE INTER DVBII spes bonorum, metus malorum; et ideo subiunxit 'seu uiuere credant, siue extrema pati'. et hoc loco 'seu' pro utrumne. et quidam commodius distingui putant 'spemque metumque inter' et sic subiungunt 'dubii seu uiuere credant siue extrema pati'. {{ancora+|219|[[Aeneis/Liber I#219|219.]]}} {{sc|'''EXAVDIRE'''}} VOCATOS aut subaudimus 'deos' et quasi conquestio est, quod non flectantur precibus, aut certe hoc dicit, non solum perisse eos, sed nec sepulturam habere, ad quam uocentur. nouimus enim quod mortuorum umbrae ad sepulcra uocabantur, ut est &quot;manesque uocabat Hectoreum ad tumulum&quot;. et est figura ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, quia post facta sepulcra manes uocantur, ut in tertio &quot;animamque sepulcro condimus et magna supremum uoce ciemus&quot;; post nomen enim defuncti uocatum tertio dicebatur uale uale uale. aut ideo non exaudire quia iam illi mortui sint, aut a praetereuntibus uocatos non exaudire, aut certe in ea parte sitos, ut nec uocati exaudiant, quia fuit et alius mos, ut eos qui in aliena terra perissent uocarent, ut est &quot;et magna manes ter uoce uocaui&quot;. 

[1,220] {{ancora+|220|[[Aeneis/Liber I#220|220.]]}} {{sc|'''PRAECIPVE'''}} praeter omnes, quasi pius. ACRIS fortis, alias uelocis. quidam acrem in unamquamque rem uegetum ac nimium tradunt. ORONTI pro Orontis, ut &quot;inmitis Achilli&quot;. uitauit homoio- teleuton. {{ancora+|221|[[Aeneis/Liber I#221|221.]]}} {{sc|'''NUNC'''}} AMYCI in quinto Gyae meminit; nam Amycus et Lycus cum Oronte uidentur perisse. SECUM propter socios, ut supra 'spem uultu simulat'. {{ancora+|222|[[Aeneis/Liber I#222|222.]]}} {{sc|'''FORTEMQUE'''}} GYAN ut merito requirantur et desiderentur. {{ancora+|223|[[Aeneis/Liber I#223|223.]]}} {{sc|'''FINIS'''}} uel fabularum uel diei. sequitur namque paulo post 'Aeneas per noctem plurima uoluens'. et sciendum est Vergilium non semper dicere ortum uel occasum diei, sed aut intellectui relinquere, ut hoc loco, aut negotiis tempora significare. est autem poetica callopistia non omnia exprimere: unde ait Horatius in arte poetica &quot;nec uerbum uerbo curabis reddere fidus interpres&quot;; quamuis plerique de translatione Graecitatis hoc adserant dictum. Homerus sane ista contemnens tempora uniuersa describit. ET IAM FINIS ERAT uel epularum uel famis uel malorum, ex quo Iuppiter in caelo ita constitit, ut Libyam respiceret. CUM IVPPITER AETHERE SUMMO DESPICIENS oeconomiam istam secundum mathesin uidetur ordinasse Vergilius; nam Ioue in altitudine sua posito cum Venere significatur quod per mulierem aliqua felicitas possit euenire. ergo quoniam Aeneas in partem regni admittetur a Didone per occasionem coniugii, idcirco haec poeta praemisit. sane et illud animaduertendum quod peritissime dixit tristiorem Venerem fuisse cum Ioue, ex quo significat exitum uxoris infelicem futurum; nam se utique Dido interemit. quod autem Mercurium facit a Ioue defluentem ad occasum descendere, id est ad ima terrarum, ostendit amicitias quidem fore, sed minime diuturno tempore permanere. illud etiam mathematici dicunt, Venere in Virgine posita misericordem feminam nasci: atque ideo Vergilius fingit in habitu uirginis uenatricis Venerem occurrisse filio, quod et misericordem postea reginam probauit Aeneas et in uenatione cum ea permixtus est. AETHERE SUMMO qui summus est; et proprium et perpetuum aetheri epitheton dedit, quia omnibus superior est: non ergo quasi elegerit Iuppiter locum qui superior est. {{ancora+|224|[[Aeneis/Liber I#224|224.]]}} {{sc|'''DESPICIENS'''}} deorsum aspiciens, sicut 'suspiciens' sursum aspiciens. notandum sane, quia si dispiciens dixerimus, diligenter inquirens significamus, sicut deduco et diduco; nam deduco est prosequor, diduco uero diuido. VELIVOLUM duas res significat, et quod uelis uolatur, ut hoc loco, et quod uelis uolat, ut Ennius &quot;naues ueliuolas&quot;, qui et proprie dixit. et est ista reciproca translatio nauium et auium. legimus enim &quot;et uelorum pandimus alas&quot; et contra de apibus &quot;nare per aestatem liquidam&quot;, cum natatus nauium sit, alae uero auium. et sciendum est esse reciprocas translationes, esse et partis unius. IACENTES aut in longum expositas, aut proprium epitheton est terrarum; nam cum cetera elementa mobilia sint, sola terra stabilis est, unde et bruta dicitur. alibi &quot;tantum campi iacet&quot;. {{ancora+|225|[[Aeneis/Liber I#225|225.]]}} {{sc|'''LATOS'''}} POPVLOS cum populos numero plurali dicimus urbes significamus, cum uero populum, unius multitudinem ciuitatis intellegimus. SIC id est sic, ut ista conspiceret. {{ancora+|226|[[Aeneis/Liber I#226|226.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} LIBYAE DEFIXIT LUMINA REGNIS prooeconomia, id est dispositio carminis. uituperabile enim fuerat, si ex abrupto transitum faceret, quod in nono fecit: quae res tamen excusatur uno sermone &quot;atque ea diuersa penitus dum parte geruntur&quot;, id est eodem tempore, quod solum est interpositum. nunc uero bene transiit, quia inducit Iouem et de rebus humanis cogitantem et Africam respicientem, ad quam uenere Troiani. unde honestus color est, ut Venus adeat Iouem, timens ne Romana fata Carthagini concedat; felix enim euentus sequitur loca quae respexerit Iuppiter: unde in secundo ait &quot;aspice nos hoc tantum&quot; et alibi &quot;atque oculos Rutulorum reicit aruis&quot;, ubi erat futura uictoria. {{ancora+|227|[[Aeneis/Liber I#227|227.]]}} {{sc|'''TALES'''}} de rebus humanis. IACTANTEM PECTORE CURAS nunc secundum Stoicos loquitur, qui deos dicunt humana curare, interdum secundum Epicureos, poetica utens licentia. {{ancora+|228|[[Aeneis/Liber I#228|228.]]}} {{sc|'''TRISTIOR'''}} conparatiuum posuit pro positiuo. quando enim tristis est Venus, ut nunc 'tristior' diceretur? sic Sallustius &quot;utque ipsum mare Ponticum dulcius quam cetera&quot;. an modo tristior, cum et ante propter Aeneam soleret tristis esse? an tristior pro laetitia Veneris? OCULOS SVFFVSA NITENTES nitidos oculos lacrimis perfusos habens. et est figura, quae fit quotiens participio praeteriti temporis a passiuo iungimus casum accusatiuum, ut 'deiectus animum', 'maesta uultum'. dicendo autem 'nitentes' expressit nimiam etiam in lacrimis pulchritudinem, sicut de Euryalo &quot;lacrimaeque decorae&quot;. {{ancora+|229|[[Aeneis/Liber I#229|229.]]}} {{sc|'''O'''}} QUI RES HOMINVMQUE DEVMQUE grauiter coepit; non enim ait 'o genitor'. et est tota orationis intentio, iniuste uexari a Iunone Troianos. 

[1,230] {{ancora+|230|[[Aeneis/Liber I#230|230.]]}} {{sc|'''AETERNIS'''}} REGIS IMPERIIS ET FULMINE TERRES haec commemoratio potentiae Iouis quasi ad inuidiam posita est, hoc est, qui omne potes contra te flecteris. AETERNIS REGIS IMPERIIS ET FULMINE TERRES uolunt quidam superfluo 'regis' ad deos referri, 'terres' ad homines, nescientes quia maioris potestatis est idem posse circa deos, quod circa homines. 'et fulmine terres' non sine causa adiecit 'terres'. est enim fulmen quod terreat; est quod adflet, ut &quot;fulminis adflauit uentis&quot;; est quod puniat, ut &quot;uel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras&quot;: peremptorii autem fulminis late patet significatio: est quod praesaget, ut &quot;de caelo tactas memini praedicere quercus&quot;. poetarum autem consuetudo est prope semper cum Iouem nominauerint et fulmen adiungere, ut &quot;audiat haec genitor qui foedera fulmine sancit&quot; et ante &quot;genitor cum fulmina torques&quot;. {{ancora+|231|[[Aeneis/Liber I#231|231.]]}} {{sc|'''MEUS'''}} subaudis filius, ut Aiacis Oili, ut ante diximus. MEUS id est quasi per me tibi coniunctus. IN TE modo 'contra te', alibi 'pro' significat, ut &quot;quietum accipit in Teucros animum&quot;, id est pro Teucris. {{ancora+|232|[[Aeneis/Liber I#232|232.]]}} {{sc|'''QUID'''}} TROES POTVERE? hoc est, qui Grais pares non fuerunt, in te aliquid possunt? et est argumentum ab inpossibili, ut alibi &quot;non ea uis animo&quot;. et est ualidius, quam a uoluntate; plus enim est non posse, quam nolle. TROES erit nominatiuus Tros. et haec breuiter scienda regula est, quia omnia nomina monosyllaba Graeca, quae in Latinum sermonem transeunt, tertiae sunt tantum declinationis et tam Latine quam Graece declinari possunt, ut Tros Trois et Troos, Pan Panis et Panos, ut &quot;Arcadici dictum Panos de more Lycaei&quot;. {{ancora+|233|[[Aeneis/Liber I#233|233.]]}} {{sc|'''OB'''}} ITALIAM ne ad Italiam perueniant, toto orbe pelluntur. atqui in Africa sunt. sed si diligenter requiras, etiam inde pelluntur; ait namque &quot;hospitio prohibemur harenae&quot;. OB ITALIAM multi 'iuxta Italiam' antiquo more dictum accipiunt, ut sit, pars orbis clauditur quae circa Italiam est; 'ob' enim ueteres pro 'iuxta' ponebant. Plautus in milite &quot;nunc scio mihi ob oculos caliginem obstitisse&quot;. potest tamen 'ob' et 'ante' intellegi, aut 'ob' 'propter', Terentius &quot;quodnam ob factum&quot;; aut 'ob' 'circum', ut &quot;Turni se pestis ob ora&quot;, quasi circa Italiam errent et in eam peruenire non possint. significat 'ob' et 'contra', ut obstat et obloquitur. {{ancora+|234|[[Aeneis/Liber I#234|234.]]}} {{sc|'''CERTE'''}} HINC ROMANOS atqui nusquam hoc legimus, sed per silentium intellegimus, ut superius de Iunone &quot;audierat&quot;. OLIM aut 'olim fore' et futuri temporis est, aut 'olim pollicitus'. VOLVENTIBUS uolubilibus, et est participium pro nomine. uoluens enim est qui uoluit, uolubilis qui uoluitur. anni autem uoluuntur, non uoluunt, ut est &quot;atque in se sua per uestigia uoluitur annus&quot;. alii quia deficit lingua Latina participio praesenti passiuo praesens actiuum positum uolunt, ut &quot;uoluentia plaustra&quot; et &quot;siliqua quassante&quot; quae quassetur. {{ancora+|235|[[Aeneis/Liber I#235|235.]]}} {{sc|'''FORE'''}} futuros esse. et est de uerbis defectiuis. REVOCATO dicendo 'reuocato' ostendit Italiam, unde Dardanus fuerat. A SANGUINE TEUCRI Teucrum pro Dardano posuit: Dardanus enim de Italia profectus est, Teucer de Creta: quia solent poetae nomina de uicinis prouinciis uel personis usurpare, ut &quot;domitus Pollucis habenis Cyllarus&quot;, cum Castor equorum domitor fuerit; item et &quot;manibus Procne pectus signata cruentum&quot; pro Philomela; item Didonem Sidoniam dicit, cum sit Tyria, a loci uicinitate; item &quot;quid loquar aut Scyllam Nisi?&quot; cum Phorci fuerit. et sciendum est, inter fabulam et argumentum, hoc est historiam, hoc interesse, quod fabula est dicta res contra naturam, siue facta siue non facta, ut de Pasiphae, historia est quicquid secundum naturam dicitur, siue factum siue non factum, ut de Phaedra. {{ancora+|236|[[Aeneis/Liber I#236|236.]]}} {{sc|'''OMNI'''}} DICIONE melius 'omni' quam 'omnis', ut significet 'omni potestate', id est pace, legibus, bello. {{ancora+|237|[[Aeneis/Liber I#237|237.]]}} {{sc|'''POLLICITUS'''}} pollicemur sponte, rogati promittimus. QUAE TE GENITOR SENTENTIA VERTIT? 'quae' pro cuius aut qualis. et uerecunde agit Venus; nec enim conueniebat, ut aperte contra uxorem ageret apud maritum: unde et similiter respondet Iuppiter 'neque me sententia uertit'. {{ancora+|238|[[Aeneis/Liber I#238|238.]]}} {{sc|'''HOC'''}} hac re. HOC propter hoc quod sciret Aeneae socios imperaturos. {{ancora+|239|[[Aeneis/Liber I#239|239.]]}} {{sc|'''FATIS'''}} CONTRARIA FATA utrum fatis bonis in praesentibus? REPENDENS conpensans. et est translatio a pecunia. 

[1,240] {{ancora+|240|[[Aeneis/Liber I#240|240.]]}} {{sc|'''NUNC'''}} EADEM similis qualis ab initio fuit, ut ostendat nec longitudinem temporis prodesse Troianis. {{ancora+|241|[[Aeneis/Liber I#241|241.]]}} {{sc|'''FINEM'''}} ac si diceret, non regnum requirimus, sed finem laborum. {{ancora+|242|[[Aeneis/Liber I#242|242.]]}} {{sc|'''ANTENOR'''}} POTVIT capto Ilio Menelaus memor se et Ulixen beneficio Antenoris seruatos, cum repetentes Helenam ab eo essent suscepti ac paene a Paride aliisque iuuenibus interempti essent, parem gratiam reddens inuiolatum dimisit. qui cum uxore Theano et filiis Helicaone et Polydamante ceterisque sociis in Illyricum peruenit, et bello exceptus ab Euganeis et rege Veleso uictor urbem Patauium condidit; id enim responsi acceperat eo loco condere ciuitatem quo sagittis auem petisset; ideo ex auis petitae auspicio Patauium nominatum, cui aeternitatem - - Helicaon ne uictor rediret gladio peremit. ANTENOR POTVIT non sine causa Antenoris posuit exemplum, cum multi euaserint Troianorum periculum, ut Capys qui Campaniam tenuit, ut Helenus qui Macedoniam, ut alii qui Sardiniam secundum Sallustium; sed propter hoc, ne forte illud occurreret, iure hunc uexari tamquam proditorem patriae. elegit ergo similem personam; hi enim duo Troiam prodidisse dicuntur secundum Liuium, quod et Vergilius per transitum tangit, ubi ait &quot;se quoque principibus permixtum agnouit Achiuis&quot;, et excusat Horatius dicens &quot;ardentem sine fraude Troiam&quot;, hoc est sine proditione: quae quidem excusatio non uacat; nemo enim excusat nisi rem plenam suspicionis. Sisenna tamen dicit solum Antenorem prodidisse. quem si uelimus sequi augemus exemplum: si regnat proditor, cur pius uagatur? ob hoc autem creditur Graecis Antenor patriam prodidisse, quia sicut superius dictum est, et auctor reddendae Helenae fuit et legatos qui propter Helenam uenerant suscepit hospitio, et Ulixen in mendici habitu agnitum non prodidit. POTVIT plus est quod dixit 'potuit' non meruit. ELAPSUS inuidiose noluit dicere 'dimissus', sed 'elapsus'. ACHIVIS ab Achaeo, Iouis et Pithiae filio, dicti. {{ancora+|243|[[Aeneis/Liber I#243|243.]]}} {{sc|'''ILLYRICOS'''}} PENETRARE SINUS Antenor non Illyricum, non Liburniam, sed Venetiam tenuit. ideo autem Vergilius dicit 'Illyricos sinus', quod inde uenit quidam Henetus rex, qui Venetiam tenuit, a cuius nomine Henetiam dictam posteri Venetiam nominauerunt. TUTUS ideo tutus, quia Raeti Vindelici ipsi sunt Liburni, saeuissimi admodum populi, contra quos missus est Drusus. hi autem ab Amazonibus originem ducunt, ut etiam Horatius dicit &quot;quibus mos unde deductus per omne tempus Amazonia securi dextras obarmet, quaerere distuli&quot;. hoc ergo nunc ad augmentum pertinet, quod tutus est etiam inter saeuos populos. {{ancora+|244|[[Aeneis/Liber I#244|244.]]}} {{sc|'''FONTEM'''}} TIMAVI amant poetae rem unius sermonis circumlocutionibus dicere, ut pro Troia dicant 'urbem Troianam', pro Buthrotio 'arcem Buthroti'. sic et modo pro Timauo ait 'fontem Timaui', et paulo post 'urbem Pataui', id est Patauium. SUPERARE nauticus sermo est. Lucilius &quot;promontorium remis superamus Mineruae&quot;. {{ancora+|245|[[Aeneis/Liber I#245|245.]]}} {{sc|'''UNDE'''}} PER ORA NOVEM multi septem esse dicunt. quod si incerta fides est, finitus est numerus pro infinito. CUM MURMVRE MONTIS tanta ui exit in mare, ut etiam resonet uicinus mons. et sic dictum est, sicut superius &quot;illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis circum claustra fremunt&quot;. {{ancora+|246|[[Aeneis/Liber I#246|246.]]}} {{sc|'''MARE'''}} it quasi proruptum mare. MARE amat poeta rem historiae carmini suo coniungere. Varro enim dicit hunc fluuium ab incolis mare nominari. PRORVPTUM id est effusum fluens. et melius 'proruptum', quam 'praeruptum' legere. bene autem definit, quid est largus fons? solutum mare. PELAGO aquarum abundantia. PREMIT populatur, uastat. sane multi 'it mare proruptum' et 'pelago premit arua sonanti' hoc intellegi uolunt, quod tanta est in illis locis accessa quae dicitur maris, ut per ora Timaui, id est usque ad initium fontis mare ascendat. unde ait 'it mare proruptum et pelago p- a-', id est ⟨ut⟩ aqua maris premat arua, hoc est litora uicina cooperiat. constat autem et in illo loco accessam maris usque ad montem peruenire et per omne litus Venetiarum mare certis horis et accedere per infinitum et recedere. Timauus autem in Histria est inter Aquileiam et Tergestum. {{ancora+|247|[[Aeneis/Liber I#247|247.]]}} {{sc|'''HIC'''}} TAMEN hoc est etiam in loco difficili. HIC pro illic. URBEM PATAVI hoc est Patauium. Patauium autem dictum uel a Padi uicinitate, quasi Padauium, uel g-apo g-tou g-petasthai, quod captato augurio dicitur condita, uel quod auem telo petisse dicitur et eo loco condidisse ciuitatem. alii a palude Patina, quae uicina ciuitati fuisse dicitur, Patauium dictam putant. sane 'Pataui' minorem nominatiuo genetiuum fecit, cum genetiuus numquam pauciores syllabas nominatiuo suo habere debeat; Patauium enim Patauii facit. SEDESQUE LOCAVIT ex uotis suis facit inuidiam, dicens id concessum Antenori, quod ipsa desiderat. {{ancora+|248|[[Aeneis/Liber I#248|248.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} GENTI NOMEN DEDIT hoc est, quod ne uictori quidem concedetur Aeneae: quod scimus a Iunone esse perfectum, contra quam oblique loquitur propter considerationem mariti. hi autem primis temporibus ab Antenore dicti sunt Antenoridae. ipsum uero quidam dicunt haec ora se appellasse. aut certe 'nomen' nobilitatem uel dignitatem, ut &quot;et nos aliquod nomenque decusque gessimus&quot;. ARMAQUE FIXIT TROIA hoc est, securus est, quia solent missi militia siue gladiatura quibuslibet templis arma suspendere, ut Horatius &quot;Veianius armis Herculis ad postem fixis&quot; et &quot;Danais de poste refixum&quot;. ARMAQUE FIXIT quasi non necessaria consecrauit; figere enim consecrare hic debemus accipere, ut &quot;postibus aduersis figo&quot;. {{ancora+|249|[[Aeneis/Liber I#249|249.]]}} {{sc|'''COMPOSTUS'''}} pro compositus. syncope est; detraxit enim de medio syllabam, ut &quot;et pocula porgite dextris&quot; 

[1,250] {{ancora+|250|[[Aeneis/Liber I#250|250.]]}} {{sc|'''NOS'''}} TUA PROGENIES sic loquitur quasi una sit de Troianis; nam aliter sensus non procedit. quod autem dixit 'tua progenies', epexegesis est, ut &quot;ast ego quae diuum incedo regina&quot;. NOS TUA PROGENIES quasi patiatur et ipsa quod et filius. et bene 'tua progenies' propter Antenorem. ADNVIS quia nutu semper promittit aliquid Iuppiter, ut &quot;annuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum&quot;. ANNVIS licet ipsa dea sit, tamen sub persona Aeneae se posuit. {{ancora+|251|[[Aeneis/Liber I#251|251.]]}} {{sc|'''NAVIBUS'''}} AMISSIS cur, cum una nauis perierit, ait 'nauibus'? aut inuidiose dixit et exaggerat, aut quia adhuc aliae desunt, aut quia eas non perisse ignorat Aeneas. INFANDUM pro infande posuit, ut in VI- &quot;miserum septena quotannis&quot;. item &quot;toruumque repente clamat&quot; pro torue. et est figura, quae fit quotiens nomen pro aduerbio ponitur; magis autem poetica est, in prosa aut rara aut numquam. tamen hoc loco 'infandum' potest esse etiam interiectio dolentis. UNIUS hic produxit paenultimam. UNIUS cautius, quam si dixisset Iunonis. {{ancora+|252|[[Aeneis/Liber I#252|252.]]}} {{sc|'''PRODIMVR'''}} multa quidem hic sermo significat, sed modo porro damur, scilicet ab Italia. et sciendum est omnium auctorum esse consuetudinem res dubie positas in sequentibus explanare et plenius dicere, ut hoc loco; nam quid est 'prodimur', ostendit dicens 'atque Italis longe disiungimur oris'. LONGE maxime; non enim longe erant ab Italia, cum tempestate disiecti sunt. {{ancora+|253|[[Aeneis/Liber I#253|253.]]}} {{sc|'''HIC'''}} id est talis, ut &quot;hunc ego te Euryale aspicio&quot;, id est talem. PIETATIS superius 'in te committere' ait, ut peccato Aeneam et Troianos excuset; hic plus addit: non solum eos non esse malos, sed etiam pios esse. HONOS cum secundum artem dicamus honor arbor lepor, plerumque poetae r in s mutant causa metri; os enim longa est, or breuis. hoc quidem habet ratio: sed ecce in hoc loco etiam sine metri necessitate 'honos' dixit. item Sallustius paene ubique 'labos' posuit, quem nulla necessitas coegit. melius tamen est seruire regulae. SIC NOS IN SCEPTRA REPONIS 'sic', hoc est per naufragia. 'in sceptra' aut ad imperia reseruas, aut certe antiqua est licentia communium praepositionum. IN SCEPTRA REPONIS id est restituis in regna quae amisimus. {{ancora+|254|[[Aeneis/Liber I#254|254.]]}} {{sc|'''OLLI'''}} modo 'tunc' propter sequentia. pronomen enim non debet poni cum nomine, sed pro ipso nomine, et nullus dicit 'illi natae'. alias tamen 'olli' illi significat, ut &quot;olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget somnus&quot;. SUBRIDENS laetum ostendit Iouem et talem qualis esse solet cum facit serenum; poetarum enim est elementorum habitum dare numinibus, ut supra de Neptuno dictum est. Ennius &quot;Iuppiter hic risit tempestatesque serenae riserunt omnes risu Iouis omnipotentis&quot;. aut certe risit intellegens Iunonis dolos oblique accusari a Venere, ut est 'quae te, genitor, sententia uertit' et 'unius ob iram prodimur', sicut alibi &quot;atque dolis risit Cytherea repertis&quot;. {{ancora+|255|[[Aeneis/Liber I#255|255.]]}} {{sc|'''VVLTU'''}} QUO CAELUM ostendit sicut dictum est, cur subriserit Iuppiter. SERENAT hoc uerbum de his est, quae carent prima positione: quod fit in his quae in nostra non sunt potestate, ut tono, fulmino, pluo. haec enim non possumus dicere, nisi forte persona inducatur eius qui potest, ut si tale aliquid Iuppiter dicat. {{ancora+|256|[[Aeneis/Liber I#256|256.]]}} {{sc|'''OSCVLA'''}} LIBAVIT leuiter tetigit. et sciendum osculum religionis esse, sauium uoluptatis, quamuis quidam osculum filiis dari, uxori basium, scorto sauium dicant. sane multi nolunt ita intellegi, ut summum osculum filiae dederit, id est non pressum, sed summa labella contingens, sed ita aiunt: tum hilarus Iuppiter uultus natae libauit, id est contigit, scilicet ut nos solemus cum blandimentis quibusdam sinistram maxillam contingere liberorum ac deinde ad os nostrum dextram referre. ergo 'libauit' merito, quia partem uultus, non totos contigerat, ut 'oscula' dixerit quasi minora et teneriora filiae ora, ut ora diminutiue oscula; nam ora uultus dici, ut &quot;intentique ora tenebant&quot; et &quot;sic ora ferebat&quot;. ipse diminutiue oscula dixit minores et teneros uultus &quot;summaque per galeam delibans oscula fatur&quot;. {{ancora+|257|[[Aeneis/Liber I#257|257.]]}} {{sc|'''PARCE'''}} METU quotiens in causis arguimur, ante nos purgare debemus et sic ad actionem descendere: quod et hoc loco Iuppiter facit; ante enim obiecta purgat et sic uenit ad promissionem. et est 'parce metu' elocutio usualis, id est dimitte metum, quomodo dicimus parce uerbis, parce iniuriis. alii 'metu' pro metui accipiunt, ablatiuum pro datiuo; aut certe ideo metum aufert, ut animo securiore possit audire, ut alibi &quot;soluite corde metum, Teucri&quot;. CYTHEREA omnia quae apud Graecos ei diphthongon habent apud Latinos in e productum conuertuntur, ut g-Kuthereia Cytherea, g-Aineias Aeneas, g-Mehdeia Medea. omnia autem quae dicit Iuppiter ad solutionem pertinent antedictorum. nunc dicit 'parce metu', quia superius dixerat 'tristior'; 'manent inmota', quia dixerat 'quae te genitor sententia uertit?' et simul per transitum dogma Stoicorum ostendit, nulla ratione posse fata mutari. sane seruat et hic ordinem sicut in Aeoli oratione, ut statim promittat quod praestaturus est, ne auditor sit exspectatione suspensus. TUORUM uel Troianorum uel Romanorum. {{ancora+|258|[[Aeneis/Liber I#258|258.]]}} {{sc|'''FATA'''}} TIBI non propter te; fati enim immobilis ratio est. sed aut uacat 'tibi', ut &quot;qui mihi accubantes in conuiuiis&quot;, aut certe tuta tibi sunt fata, non tamen propter te. CERNES URBEM aut Romam significat, quia cum proprietatem detrahimus, quod magnum est significamus, ut si dicas 'legi oratorem' nec addas quem, intellego Ciceronem; et ne longa sit exspectatio, adiecit 'et promissa Lauini moenia': aut certe detrahe 'et', sicut multi, et epexegesin facis 'cernes urbem', id est 'promissa Lauini moenia'. uidetur autem figurate dictum 'urbem' et 'moenia', quia diuersis idem significauit. {{ancora+|259|[[Aeneis/Liber I#259|259.]]}} {{sc|'''SUBLIMEMQUE'''}} FERES AD SIDERA CAELI propter illud 'caeli quibus adnuis arcem'. Aeneas enim secundum quosdam in Numicum cecidit fluuium, secundum Ouidium in caelum raptus est, appellatus tamen est Iuppiter indiges. Aeneas enim post errores VII. annorum cum ad Italiam peruenisset et, sicut historia habet, cognito quod Veneris filius, Troia profugus fatis iuuantibus ad Italiam uenisset, ab Latino susceptus esset, filiam eius Lauinam duxit uxorem: quo dolore Turnus rex Rutulorum, qui ante Lauiniam sperabat uxorem, et Latino et Aeneae bellum indixit. sed primo proelio Latinus est interemptus, secundo uero Aeneas Turnum occidit. ipse uero ut quidam dicunt cum Mezentium, ut quidam uero Messapum fugeret, in Numicum fluuium cecidit, ut uero Ouidius refert in caelum raptus est, cuius corpus cum uictis a se Rutulis et Mezentio Ascanius requisitum non inuenisset, in deorum numerum credidit relatum. itaque ei templum condidit et Iouem Indigetem appellauit. bene autem addidit 'feres', ut gratius esset quod per ipsam fieret. 

[1,260] {{ancora+|260|[[Aeneis/Liber I#260|260.]]}} {{sc|'''MAGNANIMUM'''}} magnus et paruus quoniam mensurae sunt, ad animum non nisi g-katachrehstikohs adhibentur. et bene hoc addidit, quasi dicat, quem tu miserum dicis, nos magnanimum, summum. NEQUE ME S- V- ad illud 'quae te, genitor, sententia uertit'. {{ancora+|261|[[Aeneis/Liber I#261|261.]]}} {{sc|'''HIC'''}} id est Aeneas. et est ordo 'hic bellum ingens geret Italia'. alii 'hic' pro 'post haec quae dixi' accipiunt, ut sit loci aduerbium pro temporis. TIBI FABOR ENIM hoc loco excusat quaestionem futuram, quasi Veneri dolenti quae uera sunt dicat, sed aliter loquatur cunctis praesentibus dis: dicet enim in decimo &quot;abnueram bello Italiam concurrere Teucris&quot;. QUANDO siquidem, quoniam. REMORDET sollicitat. Terentius &quot;par pari referto, quod eam remordeat&quot;. {{ancora+|262|[[Aeneis/Liber I#262|262.]]}} {{sc|'''ARCANA'''}} secreta. unde et arca et arx dictae, quasi res secretae. {{ancora+|263|[[Aeneis/Liber I#263|263.]]}} {{sc|'''ITALIA'''}} in Italia, et detraxit praepositionem more suo. sic et illo loco &quot;non Libyae, non ante Tyro; despectus Hiarbas&quot; id est in Tyro. nam si aduerbialiter uellet, Tyri diceret. POPVLOSQUE FEROCES CONTVNDET incongruum fuerat in consolatione bella praedicere: ob hoc ergo etiam uictoriam pollicetur. {{ancora+|264|[[Aeneis/Liber I#264|264.]]}} {{sc|'''MORESQUE'''}} VIRIS ET MOENIA PONET hysteroproteron in sensu; ante enim ciuitas, post iura conduntur. leges autem etiam mores dici non dubium est. {{ancora+|265|[[Aeneis/Liber I#265|265.]]}} {{sc|'''TERTIA'''}} DUM LATIO REGNANTEM VIDERIT AESTAS rhetorice, ne breue esset si triennium diceret, tempora diuisit in species. ordo autem est longissimus, nam aliter non procedit, 'sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli magnanimum Aeneam, tertia dum Latio regnantem uiderit aestas'. ergo uidetur sic tacite mortem Aeneae significasse. 'dum' autem pro donec, ut &quot;dum conderet urbem&quot;, id est donec. quidam ideo bis annos ternos memorasse tradunt, ut tres annos solum Aeneam regnaturum significaret, quod cum Latino alios tres annos regnasse dicitur. {{ancora+|267|[[Aeneis/Liber I#267|267.]]}} {{sc|'''AT'''}} PUER ASCANIUS prudenter exitum Aeneae et ostendit et tacuit dicendo filium postea regnaturum. aut quia maior cura Veneri de nepote ut in X- &quot;liceat superesse nepotem&quot; et iterum ibi &quot;hunc tegere&quot;. CUI NUNC COGNOMEN IVLO ADDITVR secundum Catonem historiae hoc habet fides: Aeneam cum patre ad Italiam uenisse et propter inuasos agros contra Latinum Turnumque pugnasse, in quo proelio periit Latinus. Turnum postea ad Mezentium confugisse eiusque fretum auxilio bella renouasse, quibus Aeneas Turnusque pariter rapti sunt. migrasse postea in Ascanium et Mezentium bella, sed eos singulari certamine dimicasse. et occiso Mezentio Ascanium sicut I. Caesar scribit Iulum coeptum uocari, uel quasi iobolon, id est sagittandi peritum, uel a prima barbae lanugine quam g-ioulon Graeci dicunt, quae ei tempore uictoriae nascebatur. sciendum est autem hunc primo Ascanium dictum a Phrygiae flumine Ascanio, ut est &quot;transque sonantem Ascanium&quot;; deinde Ilum dictum a rege Ilo, unde et Ilium, postea Iulum occiso Mezentio: de quibus nominibus hoc loco dicit 'at puer Ascanius cui nunc cognomen Iulo additur, Ilus erat'. ab hac autem historia ita discedit Vergilius, ut aliquibus locis ostendat, non se per ignorantiam, sed per artem poeticam hoc fecisse, ut illo loco &quot;quo magis Italia mecum laetere reperta&quot;: ecce g-amphibolikohs dixit, ostendit tamen Anchisen ad Italiam peruenisse. sic autem omnia contra hanc historiam ficta sunt, ut illud ubi dicitur Aeneas uidisse Carthaginem, cum eam constet ante LXX annos urbis Romae conditam. inter excidium uero Troiae et ortum urbis Romae anni inueniuntur CCCXL. COGNOMEN IVLO si proprie loqueretur, agnomen diceret, non cognomen, sed magis ad familiam respexit, quia omnis gens Iulia inde originem ducit. dicimus autem et nomen mihi est Cicero, ut &quot;Hecyra est huic nomen fabulae&quot;, et Ciceronis, ut Sallustius &quot;cui nomen obliuionis condiderant&quot;, et Ciceroni, ut &quot;cui Remulo cognomen erat&quot;, et Ciceronem, ut &quot;Aeneadasque meo nomen de nomine fingo&quot;. melius tamen est datiuo uti. {{ancora+|268|[[Aeneis/Liber I#268|268.]]}} {{sc|'''ILUS'''}} ERAT deest 'qui', debuit autem dicere 'qui Ilus erat'. ILIA pro Iliensis, ut Plautus &quot;Hector Ilius&quot; pro Iliensis. et &quot;Amphitryo, natus Argis ex Argo patre&quot; id est Argiuo. {{ancora+|269|[[Aeneis/Liber I#269|269.]]}} {{sc|'''TRIGINTA'''}} uel quod XXX- tantum annos regnauit, uel quod Cato ait, &quot;XXX- annis expletis eum Albam condidisse&quot;. MAGNOS ORBES tria sunt genera annorum: aut enim lunaris annus est XXX- dierum, aut solstitialis XII- mensum, aut secundum Tullium magnus, qui tenet XIIDCCCCLIIII. annos, ut in Hortensio &quot;horum annorum quos in fastis habemus magnus XIIDCCCCLIIII- amplectitur&quot;. hoc ergo loco magnum dixit comparatione lunaris, et alibi &quot;interea magnum sol circumuoluitur annum&quot;. annus autem dictus quasi anus, id est anulus, quod in se redeat, ut est &quot;atque in se sua per uestigia uoluitur annus&quot;, uel g-apo g-tou g-ananeousthai, id est ab innouatione. VOLVENDIS uolubilibus uel quia uoluuntur, ut supra. 

[1,270] {{ancora+|270|[[Aeneis/Liber I#270|270.]]}} {{sc|'''A'''}} SEDE LAVINI TRANSFERET uerum est: uitans enim nouercalem inuidiam, quod timore Ascanii Lauinia post Aeneae mortem ad Tyrrhum paternum pastorem grauida confugit ad siluas, nam ibi etiam Siluium peperisse dicitur, deseruit Lauinium et Albam Longam condidit dictam ab omine albae porcae repertae uel situ ciuitatis. ad quam cum de Lauinio dii Penates translati nocte proxima Lauinium redissent, atque eos denuo Albam Ascanius transtulisset, et illi iterum redissent Lauinium, eos manere passus est, datis qui sacris praeessent agroque eis adsignato, quo se alerent. VI modo uirtute, nam multa significat. VI modo uirtute tei dunamei, alibi tei biai, ut est &quot;auro ui potitur&quot;, alias pro magna copia. Cicero in deorum natura &quot;infinitamque uim marmoris&quot;, Sallustius &quot;magna uis hominum conuenerat agris pulsa aut ciuitate eiecta&quot;. et est sermo diuersa significans, prout se locus obtulerit. {{ancora+|272|[[Aeneis/Liber I#272|272.]]}} {{sc|'''HINC'''}} IAM praeterea. si autem 'hic iam', in hoc scilicet loco. TER CENTUM quomodo trecentos annos dicit, cum eam quadringentis regnasse constet sub Albanis regibus? sed cum praescriptione ait 'tercentum', scilicet usque ad ortum urbis Romae; ait namque 'donec regina sacerdos Marte grauis'. et constat in regno Romuli et Numae et Tulli Hostilii qui euertit Albam centum annos, quibus pariter Roma et Alba regnarunt, esse consumptos. TOTOS id est sine intermissione. REGNABITVR impersonalibus usus est, quia de multis dicit, ut &quot;usque adeo turbatur agris&quot;. {{ancora+|273|[[Aeneis/Liber I#273|273.]]}} {{sc|'''GENTE'''}} SUB HECTOREA id est Troiana. sed debuit dicere 'Aeneia'. diximus superius nomina poetas ex uicino usurpare. sed quidam reprehendunt, quod 'Hectorea' et non 'Aeneia'. mos est poetis nomina ex uicinis usurpare, quia coniunctus genere Hectori Ascanius, ut est &quot;et pater Aeneas, et auunculus excitat Hector&quot;. alii tradunt, cum Hectoris progenies nulla in Italia fuerit, ideo 'sub Hectorea' positum, ut significaret sub forti, ut in quinto &quot;Hectorei socii&quot;. sed ex aliis rebus alia dat nomina, ut pios Aeneadas appellauit, ut timidos Phrygas, ut nobiles Dardanidas, ut periuros Laomedontiadas. ceterum ubi ueram originem significat &quot;domus Assaraci&quot; ponit, ex quo Capys, ex Capy Anchises, ex Anchise Aeneas. DONEC REGINA SACERDOS historia hoc habet. Amulius et Numitor fratres fuerunt. Amulius fratrem imperio pepulit et filium eius necauit, filiam uero Iliam Vestae sacerdotem fecit, ut spem subolis auferret, a qua se puniri posse cognouerat. hanc ut multi dicunt Mars compressit, unde nati sunt Remus et Romus, quos cum matre Amulius praecipitari iussit in Tiberim. tum ut quidam dicunt Iliam sibi Anien fecit uxorem, ut alii inter quos Horatius, Tiberis: unde ait &quot;uxorius amnis&quot;. pueri uero expositi ad uicinam ripam sunt. hos Faustus repperit pastor, cuius uxor erat nuper meretrix Acca Larentia, quae susceptos aluit pueros. hi postea auum suum Numitorem occiso Amulio in regna reuocarunt. quibus dum cum eo angustum Albae uideretur imperium, recesserunt et captatis auguriis urbem condiderunt. sed Remus prior sex uultures uidit, Romus postea duodecim: quae res bellum creauit. in quo extinctus est Remus, et a Romi nomine Romani appellati. ut autem pro Romo Romulus diceretur, blandimenti genere factum est, quod gaudet diminutione. quod autem a lupa dicuntur alti, fabulosum figmentum est ad celandam auctorum Romani generis turpitudinem. nec incongrue fictum est; nam et meretrices lupas uocamus, unde et lupanaria. et constat hoc animal in tutela esse Martis. sed de origine et conditore urbis diuersa a diuersis traduntur. Clinias refert Telemachi filiam Romen nomine Aeneae nuptam fuisse, ex cuius uocabulo Romam appellatam. - - dicit Latinum ex Vlixe et Circe editum de nomine sororis suae mortuae Romen ciuitatem appellasse. Ateius adserit Romam ante aduentum Euandri diu Valentiam uocitatam, sed post graeco nomine g-Romen uocitatam. alii a filia Euandri ita dictam, alii a fatidica, quae praedixisset Euandro his eum locis oportere considere. Heraclides ait Romen, nobilem captiuam Troianam huc appulisse et taedio maris suasisse sedem, ex cuius nomine urbem uocatam. Eratosthenes Ascanii, Aeneae filii, Romulum parentem urbis refert. Naeuius et Ennius Aeneae ex filia nepotem Romulum conditorem urbis tradunt. Sibylla ita dicit g-Rhomaioi, g-Rhomou g-paides. REGINA regis filia. abusiue ait more poetico, ut alibi &quot;magnum reginae sed enim miseratus amorem&quot;, id est regis filiae Pasiphaes. SACERDOS quia ab Amulio Vestae uirgo esse iussa est, ne ei propter edendam subolem facultas esset uiro iungi. {{ancora+|274|[[Aeneis/Liber I#274|274.]]}} {{sc|'''MARTE'''}} GRAVIS grauida, ut &quot;non insueta grauis temptabunt pabula fetas&quot;. {{ancora+|275|[[Aeneis/Liber I#275|275.]]}} {{sc|'''INDE'''}} post, uel deinde, uel tunc, aduerbium loci pro temporis. FULVO TEGMINE id est pelle lupae, qua utebatur more pastorum. sed hoc multi reprehendunt, cur nutricis tegmine usus sit. qui gemina ratione refutantur: uel falsitate fabulae, uel exemplo Iouis, qui caprae nutricis utitur pelle, unde Graece g-aigiochos appellatur. sane 'tegmine' multi antique dictum asserunt, quia tegimentum dici debere affirmant. LAETUS uirtute alacer, uel quia auo regnum reddiderat, uel quia ipse nouam urbem et nouum condebat imperium. {{ancora+|276|[[Aeneis/Liber I#276|276.]]}} {{sc|'''EXCIPIET'''}} GENTEM Remo scilicet interempto, post cuius mortem natam constat pestilentiam: unde consulta oracula dixerunt placandos esse manes fratris extincti; ob quam rem sella curulis cum sceptro et corona et ceteris regni insignibus semper iuxta sancientem aliquid Romulum ponebatur, ut pariter imperare uiderentur. unde est &quot;Remo cum fratre Quirinus iura dabunt&quot;. {{ancora+|277|[[Aeneis/Liber I#277|277.]]}} {{sc|'''ROMANOSQUE'''}} SVO DE NOMINE DICET perite non ait Romam, sed Romanos. urbis enim illius uerum nomen nemo uel in sacris enuntiat. denique tribunus plebei quidam Valerius Soranus, ut ait Varro et multi alii, hoc nomen ausus enuntiare, ut quidam dicunt raptus a senatu et in crucem leuatus est, ut alii, metu supplicii fugit et in Sicilia comprehensus a praetore praecepto senatus occisus est. hoc autem urbis nomen ne Hyginus quidem cum de situ urbis loqueretur expressit. {{ancora+|278|[[Aeneis/Liber I#278|278.]]}} {{sc|'''NEC'''}} METAS RERUM NEC TEMPORA PONO 'metas' ad terras rettulit, 'tempora' ad annos; Lauinio enim et Albae finem statuit, Romanis tribuit aeternitatem, quia subiunxit 'imperium sine fine dedi'. {{ancora+|279|[[Aeneis/Liber I#279|279.]]}} {{sc|'''QUIN'''}} quinetiam; minus enim est 'etiam'. nam plenum est quinetiam, ut &quot;quinetiam hiberno moliris sidere classem&quot;. ASPERA IVNO tolerabilius hoc Iuppiter dicit. ASPERA IVNO uel quam tu asperam dicis, uel certe ut et ego fateor. 

[1,280] {{ancora+|280|[[Aeneis/Liber I#280|280.]]}} {{sc|'''METU'''}} ut supra &quot;id metuens&quot;. TERRAS CAELVMQUE FATIGAT alibi &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires caelique marisque&quot;. QUAE MARE N- T- Q- M- C- Q- F- metu scilicet quem de Carthagine habet, ut supra &quot;id metuens&quot;, uel metu quo Troianos terret et Venerem. nam dicit 'parce metu Cytherea'. 'mare' autem 't- c- q- f-' alibi ostendit dicendo &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires caelique marisque&quot;. 'fatigat' uero pro exercet, sollicitat, commouet. {{ancora+|281|[[Aeneis/Liber I#281|281.]]}} {{sc|'''CONSILIA'''}} IN MELIUS REFERET quia bello Punico secundo ut ait Ennius placata Iuno coepit fauere Romanis. IN MELIUS eis to kreitton. et est Latinior elocutio: Sallustius &quot;ad mutandum modo in melius seruitium&quot;. MECVMQUE FOVEBIT id est eadem quae ego sentiens, eadem quae ego uolens, uel ut quidam uolunt mecum in Capitolio constituta. {{ancora+|282|[[Aeneis/Liber I#282|282.]]}} {{sc|'''GENTEMQUE'''}} TOGATAM bene 'gentem', quia et sexus omnis et condicio toga utebatur, sed serui nec colobia nec calceos habebant. togas autem etiam feminas habuisse, cycladum et recini usus ostendit. recinus autem dicitur ab eo, quod post tergum reicitur, quod uulgo maforte dicunt. {{ancora+|283|[[Aeneis/Liber I#283|283.]]}} {{sc|'''SIC'''}} PLACITUM uel fatis uel mihi; nam inpersonale est. LUSTRIS quinquenniis. et bene olympiadibus computat tempora, quod magis ad Iouem pertinet, quia nondum erant uel Roma uel consules. lustrum autem dictum, quod post quinquennium unaquaeque ciuitas lustrabatur. unde Romae ambilustrum, quod non licebat nisi ambos censores post quinquennium lustrare ciuitatem. AETAS iuxta ueteres aetas hic pro tempore posita est, alibi pro modo annorum, ut est &quot;ubi iam firmata uirum te fecerit aetas&quot; et &quot;aetas Lucinam iustosque pati hymenaeos&quot;. {{ancora+|284|[[Aeneis/Liber I#284|284.]]}} {{sc|'''DOMUS'''}} ASSARACI id est familia Troiana, et est a parte totum; nam Assaracus Capyn genuit, Capys Anchisen, unde Aeneas, auctor Romani generis: ex quibus Mummius, qui Achaiam uicit. PTHIAM Achillis patriam. MYCENAS Agamemnonis patriam, ut &quot;Agamemnoniasque Mycenas&quot;. {{ancora+|286|[[Aeneis/Liber I#286|286.]]}} {{sc|'''NASCETVR'''}} ad illud respondet 'certe hinc Romanos olim' et omnis poetae intentio, ut in qualitate carminis diximus, ad laudem tendit Augusti, sicut et in sexti catalogo et in clipei descriptione. haec autem Iouis allocutio partim obiecta purgat partim aliquid pollicetur. PULCHRA allusit propter Venerem. TROIANUS ac si diceret, etiam Caesar Troianus est. CAESAR hic est, qui dictus est Gaius Iulius Caesar. Gaius praenomen est, Iulius ab Iulo, Caesar uel quod caeso matris uentre natus est, uel quod auus eius in Africa manu propria occidit elephantem, qui caesa dicitur lingua Poenorum. hic sane Gaius Iulius Caesar quattuor et sexaginta uictis Galliarum ciuitatibus cum a senatu petisset consulatum et triumphum nec impetrasset aduersante Cn. Pompeio magno eiusque amicis, qui Caesaris processibus inuidebant, bellum ciuile gessit in Farsalia, quo Pompeius uictus Alexandriae occiditur. Caesar Romam compositis rebus et Alexandria debellata reuersus in curia Pompeiana a Cassio et Bruto aliisque Pompeianis occisus est. cuius heres Augustus cum intrasset urbem coegit a senatu interfectores Caesaris parricidas et hostes iudicari, eumque in deorum numerum referri et diuum appellari. {{ancora+|287|[[Aeneis/Liber I#287|287.]]}} {{sc|'''IMPERIUM'''}} OCEANO, FAMAM QUI TERMINET ASTRIS aut ad laudem dictum est, aut certe secundum historiam. re uera enim et Britannos qui in oceano sunt uicit, et post mortem eius cum ludi funebres ab Augusto eius adoptiuo filio darentur, stella medio die uisa est, unde est &quot;ecce Dionaei processit Caesaris astrum&quot;. A MAGNO sicut Alexander, sicut Pompeius. Graeci enim omne magnificum magnum, ut mater magna et dii magni. {{ancora+|288|[[Aeneis/Liber I#288|288.]]}} {{sc|'''OLIM'''}} modo futuri temporis est. CAELO in caelum. SPOLIIS ORIENTIS uicto Pharnace Mithridatis filio, qui re uera in oriente fuit. ceterum Aegyptus, in qua Ptolomaeum uicit, in australi est plaga. {{ancora+|289|[[Aeneis/Liber I#289|289.]]}} {{sc|'''HONVSTUM'''}} inter honustum et oneratum hoc interest, quod oneratus est qualicumque pressus pondere, honustus uero cui onus ipsum honori est, ut si quis spolia hostium ferat. sed oneratus aspirationem non habet, quia ab onere uenit, honustus uero, quia etiam ab honore descendit, retinet aspirationem. alii 'honestum' legunt; ueteres enim honestum pro specioso ponebant, ut &quot;Dardanius caput ecce puer detectus honestum&quot;. 

[1,290] {{ancora+|290|[[Aeneis/Liber I#290|290.]]}} {{sc|'''ACCIPIES'''}} SECVRA quia post mortem Caesar meruit aram, fastigium, flaminem, ut Cicero in Philippicis. SECVRA quare 'secura'? quia nunc sollicita. HIC QUOQUE potest intellegi sicut Romulus, sed melius sicut Aeneas, de quo superius ait 'sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli'. 'quoque' autem semper ad similitudinem ponit, ut &quot;tu quoque litoribus nostris&quot;. HIC QUOQUE sicut ego, sicut tu. VOTIS uel ad uota uel uotis uocabitur. {{ancora+|291|[[Aeneis/Liber I#291|291.]]}} {{sc|'''ASPERA'''}} TUNC id est Caesare consecrato cum Augustus regnare coeperit, clauso Iani templo, pax erit per orbem. constat autem templum hoc ter esse clausum: primum regnante Numa, item post bellum Punicum secundum, tertio post bella Actiaca quae confecit Augustus: quo tempore pax quidem fuit quantum ad exteras pertinet gentes, sed bella flagrauere ciuilia, quod et ipse per transitum tangit dicens 'Furor impius intus'. huius autem aperiendi uel claudendi templi ratio uaria est. alii dicunt Romulo contra Sabinos pugnante, cum in eo esset ut uinceretur, calidam aquam ex eodem loco erupisse, quae fugauit exercitum Sabinorum: hinc ergo tractum morem, ut pugnaturi aperirent templum, quod in eo loco fuerat constitutum, quasi ad spem pristini auxilii. alii dicunt Tatium et Romulum facto foedere hoc templum aedificasse, unde et Ianus ipse duas facies habet, quasi ut ostendat duorum regum coitionem. uel quod ad bellum ituri debent de pace cogitare. est alia melior ratio, quod ad proelium ituri optent reuersionem. {{ancora+|292|[[Aeneis/Liber I#292|292.]]}} {{sc|'''CANA'''}} FIDES ET VESTA subaudis 'erit'. canam autem Fidem dixit, uel quod in canis hominibus inuenitur, uel quod ei albo panno inuoluta manu sacrificatur, per quod ostenditur fidem debere esse secretam: unde et Horatius &quot;et albo rara Fides colit uelata panno&quot;. Vesta uero pro religione, quia nullum sacrificium sine igne est, unde et ipsa et Ianus in omnibus sacrificiis inuocantur. Vesta autem dicta uel g-apo g-tehs g-hestias, ut digammos sit adiecta, sicut g-ehr uer, g-Enetos Venetus, uel quod uariis uestita sit rebus. ipsa enim esse dicitur terra, quam ignem habere non dubium est, ut ex Aetna Vulcanoque et aliis locis ardentibus datur intellegi. REMO CUM FRATRE QUIRINUS IVRA DABUNT hic dissimulat de parricidio, quod et iungit eos, et quia non Romulum, sed Quirinum appellat, ut non potuerit parricidium facere qui meruerit deus fieri. REMO CUM FRATRE QUIRINUS IVRA DABUNT multi sic intellegere uolunt ut superius diximus, quia post pestilentiam ad placandos fratris manes geminis omnibus usus est Romulus: unde est &quot;uiden ut geminae stent uertice cristae?&quot; sed hoc esse non potest, quia iteratio est ante dictorum aut ordo praeposterus, si post dictum Caesarem Romulum repetit. constat praeterea Iani templum patuisse sub Romulo, quia bellis numquam uacauit. alii uolunt per hos Romanos intellegi. uera tamen hoc habet ratio, Quirinum Augustum esse, Remum uero pro Agrippa positum, qui filiam Augusti duxit uxorem, et cum eo pariter bella tractauit: unde est &quot;parte alia dis et uentis Agrippa secundis&quot;. nam adulans populus Romanus Octauiano tria obtulit nomina, utrum uellet Quirinus, an Caesar, an Augustus uocari. ille ne unum eligendo partem laederet quae aliud offerre cupiebat, diuerso tempore omnibus usus est, et primo Quirinus dictus est, inde Caesar, postea quod et obtinuit Augustus, sicut Suetonius probat et in georgicis ostendit Vergilius. nam cum de Gangaridum uictoria diceret, qui iuxta Gangen sunt quique ab Augusto uicti sunt, ait &quot;uictorisque arma Quirini&quot;. ut autem pro Agrippa Remum poneret, poetico usus est more; nam nomen ex uicino sumpsit. hoc ergo dicit, cum coeperit Iulius Caesar caelum tenere patratis omnibus bellis, iura dabunt Augustus et Agrippa. Romulus autem ideo Quirinus dictus est, uel quod hasta utebatur, quae Sabinorum lingua curis dicitur: hasta enim, id est curis, telum longum est, unde et securis quasi semicuris: uel a g-koiranos qui Graece rex dicitur: constat autem Graecos fuisse Romanos: uel propter generis nobilitatem; Mars enim cum saeuit Gradiuus dicitur, cum tranquillus est Quirinus. denique in urbe duo eius templa sunt: unum Quirini intra urbem, quasi custodis et tranquilli, aliud in Appia uia extra urbem prope portam, quasi bellatoris, id est Gradiui. {{ancora+|293|[[Aeneis/Liber I#293|293.]]}} {{sc|'''DIRAE'''}} cum apertae sunt. DIRAE hoc est abominandae, alias 'dirae' magnae &quot;an sua cuique deus fit dira cupido&quot; et &quot;iam tum religio pauidos terrebat agrestes dira loci&quot; et &quot;dicuntur geminae pestes cognomine Dirae&quot;. COMPAGIBUS ambages et compages antiqui tantum dicebant, posteritas admisit ut etiam compago dicatur: sed non quia uarius esse potest nominatiuus, debet etiam declinatio mutari, quemadmodum nec in istis nominibus arbor arbos, uomer uomis; nam et uomeris et arboris tantum facit. ergo compages compagis, quoniam compago usurpatum est; compaginis enim nemo penitus dicit. {{ancora+|294|[[Aeneis/Liber I#294|294.]]}} {{sc|'''BELLI'''}} PORTAE Iani gemini, quae bello aperiebantur, pace claudebantur. ideo autem Ianus belli tempore patefiebat, ut eiusdem conspectus per bellum pateret, in cuius potestate esset exitus reditusque; id enim ipsa significat eius effigies, praebentis se euntibus et redeuntibus ducem. hunc autem olim Numa Pompilius fecit, cuius portas regni tempore clausit. FUROR IMPIUS INTUS ut superius diximus propter bella ciuilia, quae gesta sunt contra Brutum et Cassium ab Augusto in Philippis, contra Sextum Pompeium ab Augusto in Sicilia. aut sicut quidam tradunt FUROR IMPIUS INTUS non in aede Iani, sed in alia in foro Augusti introeuntibus ad sinistram, fuit bellum pictum et furor sedens super arma deuinctus eo habitu quo poeta dixit. {{ancora+|295|[[Aeneis/Liber I#295|295.]]}} {{sc|'''SAEVA'''}} SEDENS SUPER ARMA secundum antiquam licentiam. sciendum tamen est hodie 'in' et 'sub' tantum communes esse praepositiones. ceterum 'super' et 'subter' iam accusatiuae sunt, sicut 'clam' et 'post', quae ante communes fuerunt: nunc in his mutata natura est. ergo SUPER pro supra. et nunc haec praepositio accusatiuo seruit, ubi uero 'de' significat, ablatiuo. AENIS NODIS non centum nodis, sed catenis, quas circumlocutione significauit, quia sunt catenae nodi plures. quidam 'aeneis' pro ferreis tradunt, ut &quot;micat aereus ensis&quot;: et &quot;aerea quem obliquum rota transit&quot;. {{ancora+|297|[[Aeneis/Liber I#297|297.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} MAIA GENITUM Mercurium. et est periphrasis. Cicero in libris de deorum natura plures dicit esse Mercurios: sed in deorum ratione fabulae sequendae sunt, nam ueritas ignoratur. simul allusit poeta, quia per caduceatores, id est internuntios, pax solet fieri. MAIA GENITUM DEMITTIT AB ALTO quod deo opus erat, ut hostes Poeni auctori Romani nominis placarentur Aeneae. quidam sane quattuor Mercurios dicunt: unum Iouis et Maiae filium, alterum Caeli et Diei, tertium Liberi et Proserpinae, quartum Iouis et Cyllenes, a quo Argus occisus est, quem ipsum ob hanc causam Graecia profugum Aegyptiis litteras demonstrasse perhibent. {{ancora+|298|[[Aeneis/Liber I#298|298.]]}} {{sc|'''UT'''}} TERRAE propter illud quod sequitur &quot;hospitio prohibemur harenae&quot;. PATEANT propter illud &quot;cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis&quot;. non nulli sane 'pateant' pacatae sint accipiunt, ut Sallustius &quot;simul immanis hominum uis multis e locis inuasere patentes tum et pacis modo effusas&quot;; hic enim habitus pacis. et in Catilina &quot;cuncta maria terraeque patebant&quot;. sic enim contra cum dicitur 'clausa omnia' bellum significatur, ut ipse &quot;quae moenia clausis ferrum acuant portis&quot;. {{ancora+|299|[[Aeneis/Liber I#299|299.]]}} {{sc|'''HOSPITIO'''}} ad hospitium. NE FATI NESCIA DIDO non sui: nam si sciret exitum suum, multo magis uetaret: sed 'fati' dixit uoluntatis Iouis, sicut &quot;fatis Iunonis iniquae&quot;. aut certe fati Troianorum, qui non sponte, sed necessitate ad Africam uenerant, quod utique ignorabat Dido. illo enim tempore inuadendarum terrarum causa fuerat nauigatio, ut Sallustius meminit, facili tum mutatione sedum: quod etiam excusant Troiani &quot;non nos aut ferro Libycos populare penates uenimus&quot;. ergo hoc agitur, ut discat Dido eos ad Italiam tendere. quomodo ergo se iungit Aeneae? sed furoris illud est, non consilii. nam nec sacerdotibus haec dicentibus credidit. unde est &quot;quid uota furentem, quid delubra iuuant?&quot; 

[1,300] {{ancora+|300|[[Aeneis/Liber I#300|300.]]}} {{sc|'''VOLAT'''}} ILLE PER AERA similis hic festinatio Mercurii est, ut supra Neptuni. in quarto et &quot;talaria nectit&quot; et &quot;uirgam capit&quot; et plus moratur. {{ancora+|301|[[Aeneis/Liber I#301|301.]]}} {{sc|'''REMIGIO'''}} ALARUM translatio reciproca, ut supra diximus; nam alibi &quot;uelorum pandimus alas&quot;. CITUS pro cito, aduerbium temporis in nomen deflexum. et bene hoc de Mercurio; cum enim alia signa tarde ad ortus suos recurrant, Mercurius octauo decimo die in ortu suo inuenitur. POENI antistoichon est quasi phoeni. {{ancora+|303|[[Aeneis/Liber I#303|303.]]}} {{sc|'''VOLENTE'''}} DEO Mercurio uel Ioue. IN PRIMIS praecipue. {{ancora+|304|[[Aeneis/Liber I#304|304.]]}} {{sc|'''IN'''}} TEUCROS pro Teucris, ut diximus. alibi 'in Teucros' aduersum Teucros, ut &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires&quot;. {{ancora+|305|[[Aeneis/Liber I#305|305.]]}} {{sc|'''AT'''}} PIUS AENEAS filium Aeneas sacrorum omnium docetur, ex cuius persona latenter quae ad caeremonias ueteres pertinent saepe monstrantur. hic ergo deus apicis, quod insigne flaminum fuit, de quo loco suo in quarto libro dictum est. uult ostendere igitur, flamini extra medium pomerium post solis occasum apicem ponere non licere. Aeneas ergo hic ad Carthaginis litus adpulsus ostenditur sine apice fuisse, id est nudo capite. nam cum ait 'at pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima uoluens, ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque explorare nouos, quas uento accesserit oras, qui teneant, nam inculta uidet, hominesne feraene' manifeste longius ab urbe intellegitur; unde animaduertendum est extra pomerium fuisse, nam in subsequentibus ostenditur, eum extra pomerium fuisse, cum ait Venus &quot;et qua te ducit uia, dirige gressum&quot;. nam et augurium ei in finibus pomerii ostensum est. quod et ipsum Aeneam respondentem signatius declarat sine apice fuisse; timentem enim, ne piaculum incurreret, si cum solis occasum nudo capite, id est sine apice inueniretur, ita loquentem fecit &quot;et uacet annales nostrorum audire laborum, ante diem clauso componet Vesper Olympo&quot;; uerebatur enim solis occasum. nudo autem capite ibi fuisse ostenditur, ubi ait &quot;restitit Aeneas claraque in luce refulsit, os umerosque deo similis; namque ipsa decoram caesariem nato genetrix lumenque iuuentae purpureum et laetos oculis adflarat honores&quot;; neque enim caesariem dicere debuisset, nisi quia nudo capite incedebat Aeneas. sed haec Vergilio et his similia sufficiunt ad indicandum omnium disciplinarum scientiam narrantem aliud ponere, neque propositum habet talia plenius exsequi. PER NOCTEM decet enim pro cunctis regem esse sollicitum. et bene 'per noctem', ne a sociis quos ipse consolatus erat uideretur per diem maerens. {{ancora+|306|[[Aeneis/Liber I#306|306.]]}} {{sc|'''ALMA'''}} alma lux dicta, quod alat uniuersa, unde et &quot;alma Ceres&quot;, quod nos alat; nam physici dicunt omnia per diem crescere. quomodo ergo Vergilius ait &quot;exigua tantum gelidus ros nocte reponet&quot;? sed hoc pro miraculo positum est, ut etiam Plinius sentit. LOCOS et locos et loca dicimus, cum in numero singulari locus tantum dicamus. simile est et iocus, nam et ioca facit et ioci, ut &quot;ioca atque seria cum humillimis exercere&quot; et &quot;quam multa ioca solent esse in epistolis&quot; et &quot;tum iuuenes agitare iocos&quot;. {{ancora+|307|[[Aeneis/Liber I#307|307.]]}} {{sc|'''QUAS'''}} VENTO ACCESSERIT ORAS diximus superius figuram fieri, cum praepositio detracta nomini uerbo copulatur, et plerumque eam suam retinere naturam plerumque conuertere. hoc igitur sciendum est, quia, cum casum suum retinet, hysterologia est, ut hoc loco; cum autem mutat, figura est, ut &quot;Cumarum adlabitur oris&quot;; 'oris' enim pro oras posuit. plerumque tamen etiam superfluas ponunt praepositiones. QUAS VENTO ACCESSERIT ORAS sine praepositione. Sallustius &quot;genua patrum aduoluuntur&quot;. {{ancora+|308|[[Aeneis/Liber I#308|308.]]}} {{sc|'''QUI'''}} TENEANT iure dubitat, cum omnia cernat inculta. est autem ordo 'qui teneant, hominesne feraene'; media per parenthesin dicta sunt. EXACTA exquisita. et ostendit prouidum regem per se curantem commoda sociorum. 

[1,310] {{ancora+|310|[[Aeneis/Liber I#310|310.]]}} {{sc|'''IN'''}} CONVEXO NEMORUM prooeconomia est ad causam pertinens. non enim tenebitur ab Afris, ut Ilionei, et qui cum ipso superuenerant. 'conuexo' autem curuo, unde et conuexum dicitur caelum. sane subaudimus 'loco', ut alibi &quot;castrorum et campi medio&quot;, id est spatio. 'nemorum' autem modo siluarum. interest autem inter nemus et siluam et lucum; lucus enim est arborum multitudo cum religione, nemus uero composita multitudo arborum, silua diffusa et inculta. SUB RVPE CAVATA periphrasis est speluncae. {{ancora+|311|[[Aeneis/Liber I#311|311.]]}} {{sc|'''ARBORIBUS'''}} ATQUE HORRENTIBUS UMBRIS umbris arborum, quo modo &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. aut certe arboribus et umbris speluncae. et bene ostendit omnia curuis adlata nauibus non quae uenerant cum Aenea. 'clausam' autem 'occulit' occulit et clausit. {{ancora+|312|[[Aeneis/Liber I#312|312.]]}} {{sc|'''COMITATUS'''}} ACHATE bene ostendit Aeneam esse fortissimum nec quidquam timere dicendo 'uno graditur comitatus Achate'. et diximus quaeri, cur Achates Aeneae sit comes. uaria quidem dicuntur, melius tamen hoc fingitur, ut tractum nomen sit a Graeca etymologia. g-achos enim dicitur sollicitudo, quae regum semper est comes. {{ancora+|313|[[Aeneis/Liber I#313|313.]]}} {{sc|'''BINA'''}} si ad utrumque referas, bene dixit 'bina', si ad Aeneam tantum, antiquus mos est, ut supra diximus, bina pro duobus poni, sicut et duplices. LATO FERRO id est lati ferri, ut &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. {{ancora+|314|[[Aeneis/Liber I#314|314.]]}} {{sc|'''MEDIA'''}} SESE TULIT OBVIA SILVA quam Graeci g-hulen uocant poetae nominant siluam, id est elementorum congeriem, unde cuncta procreantur. et multi uolunt Aeneam in horoscopo Virginem, ibi etiam Venerem habuisse. bene ergo in media silua uirginis habitu ei Venerem poeta facit occurrere, quia ut supra diximus Venere in Virgine constituta et misericordes procreantur feminae et uiri per mulierem felices futuri, ut probamus in Aenea, quoniam misericordia Didonis seruatur. {{ancora+|315|[[Aeneis/Liber I#315|315.]]}} {{sc|'''VIRGINIS'''}} OS HABITVMQUE GERENS uultum et amictum. habitus apud ueteres dicebatur tam corporis quam eorum quae praeter corpus sunt. et bene 'gerens', non 'habens', quod geri putantur aliena. {{ancora+|316|[[Aeneis/Liber I#316|316.]]}} {{sc|'''SPARTANAE'''}} Lacaenae. Sparta enim ciuitas est Laconicae, ubi sunt puellae uenatrices. redditur autem causa, uirgo cur sit in siluis, scilicet propter uenatum. THREISSA Thracia. et est solutio; nam Thressa facit, sicut &quot;Cressa genus Pholoe&quot;. ueniunt autem ab eo quod est Threx et Cres. ut autem Creissa non faciat illud est, quia g-Krehssa per e simpliciter scribitur nec potest recipere solutionem, g-Thraissa uero per ai diphthongon, unde et resoluitur. FATIGAT suo scilicet cursu. sane quidam 'fatigat' pro fatigauit accipiunt, praesens pro praeterito, sicut et 'praeuertitur' pro praeuersa est. {{ancora+|317|[[Aeneis/Liber I#317|317.]]}} {{sc|'''HARPALYCE'''}} haec est quae patrem senem captum a Getis multitudine collecta liberauit celerius, quam de femina potest credi: unde et flumina dicitur celeritate transisse. multum autem epitheton fluminis eius addidit laudi. HARPALYCE quidam a patre Harpalyco, qui rex Amymoniorum Thraciae gentis fuit, ita nutritam dicunt, ut ipse Camillam a Metabo facit. haec patre propter ferociam a ciuibus pulso ac postea occiso, fugit in siluas et uenatibus latrociniisque uiuendo ita efferata est et huius uelocitatis et exercitii facta est, ut subito ad uicina stabula coacta inopia decurreret et rapto pecorum fetu insequentes etiam equites in celeritate uitaret. sed quodam tempore positis ad insidias ceruarum plagis capta et occisa est. cuius mortem nobilitauit eorum exitus, qui eam occiderunt; statim enim in uicinia orta contentio est, cuius fuisset haedus quem Harpalyce rapuerat, ita ut graui certamine non sine plurimis mortibus dimicaretur. postea consuetudo seruata est, ut ad tumulum uirginis populi conuenirent et propter expiationem per imaginem pugnae concurrerent. quidam hanc patrem a Getis, ut alii uolunt a Myrmidonibus captum collecta multitudine adserunt liberauisse celerius, quam de femina credi potest: unde et flumina dicitur celeritate transisse. VOLUCREM HEBRUM multum quidem laudis flumini epitheto addidit: sed falsum est; nam est quietissimus etiam cum per hiemem crescit. est autem in Thracia ante muros Cypselae ciuitatis, de locis superis Thraciae ueniens; dictus autem Hebrus ab Hebro Hemi et Rhodopes filio. PRAEVERTITVR id est transit. dicimus autem et praeuertit et praeuertitur noua ratione. nam passiua declinatione utimur in actiua significatione, ut hoc loco; praeuertimur enim cum ipsi praeimus. cum autem actiua declinatio est passiuam habet significationem, ut 'ille me praeuertit'. alii 'praeuertitur' sic positum uolunt, ut &quot;bellantur Amazones&quot; pro praeuertit et bellant. {{ancora+|318|[[Aeneis/Liber I#318|318.]]}} {{sc|'''NAMQUE'''}} UMERIS DE MORE ut ostendatur esse uenatrix. de more uenantum scilicet. HABILEM aptum sexui. unusquisque enim arcum habet pro uiribus suis. VENATRIX similis uenatrici, id est quasi uenatrix, ut &quot;at medias inter caedes exultat Amazon&quot;. COMAM DIFFVNDERE ut diffunderetur. Graeca autem figura est. sic alibi &quot;et argenti magnum dat ferre talentum&quot; et &quot;tu das epulis accumbere diuum&quot;: unde 'da bibere' usus obtinuit, quod facere non debemus, ne duo uerba iungamus, nisi in poemate. 

[1,320] {{ancora+|320|[[Aeneis/Liber I#320|320.]]}} {{sc|'''NUDA'''}} GENU nudum genu habens, ut si dicas 'bonus animum'. et est Graeca figura, sed non ea quam diximus fieri per participium praeteriti temporis et casum accusatiuum; haec enim per nomen fit: quamuis ad unam significationem recurrant. SINUS COLLECTA ut &quot;oculos suffusa&quot;. {{ancora+|321|[[Aeneis/Liber I#321|321.]]}} {{sc|'''AC'''}} PRIOR paulo post sequitur 'inquit'. HEUS nunc aduerbium uocantis est, alias interiectio dolentis, ut &quot;heus etiam mensas consumimus, inquit Iulus&quot;. {{ancora+|322|[[Aeneis/Liber I#322|322.]]}} {{sc|'''ERRANTEM'''}} inuestigantem, quia uenatores cum uestigant quasi uidentur errare. SORORUM non tamquam nota sit illis soror, sed ut est in consuetudine. {{ancora+|323|[[Aeneis/Liber I#323|323.]]}} {{sc|'''SUCCINCTAM'''}} instructam, uel ut alii dicunt in cingulo habentem pharetram, ut plerique. MACVLOSAE LYNCIS epitheta tribus modis ponuntur, aut laudandi aut demonstrandi aut uituperandi. hic 'maculosae' demonstrandi est. sane Lyncus rex Scythiae fuit, qui missum a Cerere Triptolemum, ut hominibus frumenta monstraret, susceptum hospitio, ut in se gloria tanta migraret, interimere cogitauit. ob quam rem irata Ceres eum conuertit in lyncem, feram uarii coloris, ut ipse uariae mentis extiterat. et erit nominatiuus haec lynx, ut Pan Tros, quae in genetiuo una syllaba crescunt. {{ancora+|324|[[Aeneis/Liber I#324|324.]]}} {{sc|'''SPVMANTIS'''}} id est spumosi, participium loco nominis positum. CURSUM CLAMORE PREMENTEM plerumque duo diuersa in unum exitum cadunt, licet contraria significent, ut hoc loco. 'uidistis' enim etiam ad uocem pertinet, quod etiam ex Aeneae responsione colligitur. PREMENTEM insequentem, ut ipse alibi &quot;ingentem clamore premes ad retia ceruum&quot;. {{ancora+|325|[[Aeneis/Liber I#325|325.]]}} {{sc|'''ORSUS'''}} nunc coepit, alias finiit, ut &quot;sic Iuppiter orsus&quot;. sed illic proprie posuit, hic usurpatum est; praeteritum enim est participium. {{ancora+|326|[[Aeneis/Liber I#326|326.]]}} {{sc|'''AVDITA'''}} NEQUE VISA hinc probatur quia superius haec interrogauerat Venus. sane quidam 'audita' ad illud responsum uolunt 'clamore prementem'; ⟨ut⟩ ad 'uidistis si quam' 'neque uisa' responderit. {{ancora+|327|[[Aeneis/Liber I#327|327.]]}} {{sc|'''O'''}} QUAM TE quae dea sit dubitat, nam deam esse confidit. ergo hic o dubitatiua, alias optatiua. &quot;adsis, o Tegeaee, fauens&quot;. {{ancora+|328|[[Aeneis/Liber I#328|328.]]}} {{sc|'''VOX'''}} HOMINEM SONAT Graeca figura est. O DEA CERTE hic o distinguendum, ut post inferat 'dea certe' confirmans opinionem suam. et conclusio est syllogismi, qui constat ex propositione, adsumptione, conclusione. nam si nec uox nec uultus mortales sunt, restat ut dea sit. {{ancora+|329|[[Aeneis/Liber I#329|329.]]}} {{sc|'''AN'''}} PHOEBI SOROR Diana; nam uenatrix est. bene autem suspicatur pro loco et qualitate habitus personaeque. perite autem poeta dicendo 'an Phoebi soror' uidetur de nomine Apollinis dubitare. constat enim hunc deum a diuersis gentibus uel ciuitatibus diuersis nominibus appellari secundum genera beneficiorum, quae uario diuinitatis genere praestare consueuit. cui deo sagittas datas uolunt, quia ut uis morbi ita hoc telum sit occultum. hunc tamen deum et ad uberum custodiam et ad diuinationem et ad medicinam et ad res urbanas, quae placidae sunt, et ad bella pertinere longinqua: cui laurum ideo sacratam, quia haec arbor suffimentis purgationibusque adhibeatur, ut ostendatur nullum templum eius nisi purum ingredi debere. cautum enim est, ne sacerdos eius domum ingrediatur, in qua ante quintam diem funus fuerit. quidam tamen 'an' pro siue antique dictum uolunt. non nulli coniunctionem mutatam adserunt pro 'aut Phoebi soror aut Nympharum sanguinis una'. alii 'an' coniunctionem disiunctiuam uolunt, ut Sallustius &quot;perrexere in Hispaniam, an Sardiniam&quot;. AN NYMPHARUM SANGUINIS generis. 

[1,330] {{ancora+|330|[[Aeneis/Liber I#330|330.]]}} {{sc|'''SIS'''}} FELIX propitia. felix enim dicitur et qui habet felicitatem et qui facit esse felicem, ut in bucolicis &quot;sis bonus o felixque tuis&quot;. unde et contra Iuno in septimo dicit &quot;quae potui infelix&quot;, id est aduersa Troianis. SIS FELIX hoc est felicitatem praestes uel felix mihi. e contrario &quot;et monstrum infelix &quot;et &quot;infelix uates&quot;. LEVES leuem facias, ut &quot;leuat ipse tridenti&quot;. QUAECVMQUE seu Diana, seu nympha. {{ancora+|331|[[Aeneis/Liber I#331|331.]]}} {{sc|'''QUO'''}} SUB CAELO aut sub qua parte caeli, aut secundum Epicureos dixit, qui plures uolunt esse caelos, ut Cicero in Hortensio. TANDEM hoc loco uacat 'tandem'. sciendum sane multas particulas ad ornatum pertinere tantummodo, ut puta 'dum' 'gentium' 'locorum' 'terrarum'. aut 'tandem doceas', quia uix hoc quoque contigit. aut 'tandem' pro expletiua particula est. {{ancora+|332|[[Aeneis/Liber I#332|332.]]}} {{sc|'''HOMINVMQUE'''}} LOCORVMQUE g-hupermetros uersus, unam enim plus habet syllabam: qui quotiens fit, debet sequens uersus a uocali incipere, ut hoc loco, item &quot;omnia Mercurio similis, uocemque coloremque et crines flauos&quot;; nisi forte synizesis fiat in fine, id est uocalium collisio, ut est &quot;nec cura peculi&quot;. hic enim non est necesse ut sequens uersus a uocali incipiat. {{ancora+|334|[[Aeneis/Liber I#334|334.]]}} {{sc|'''HOSTIA'''}} DEXTRA hostiae dicuntur sacrificia quae ab his fiunt qui in hostem pergunt, uictimae uero sacrificia quae post uictoriam fiunt. sed haec licenter confundit auctoritas. {{ancora+|335|[[Aeneis/Liber I#335|335.]]}} {{sc|'''EQUIDEM'''}} nunc 'ego quidem' significat, alias expletiua particula est. TALI ME DIGNOR HONORE id est sacrificio. et aut uult se probare non numen, sed uirginem Tyriam; aut certe quia Paphiae Veneri quae Cypri colitur, ture tantum sacrificatur et floribus; quia ait &quot;ubi templum illi centumque Sabaeo thure calent arae, sertisque recentibus halant&quot;. HAVD EQUIDEM T- M- D- H- ideo non amplectitur sacrificium, ut diutius lateat. DIGNOR dignam me iudico, ut &quot;coniugio Anchisa Veneris dignate superbo&quot;, id est digne habite. {{ancora+|337|[[Aeneis/Liber I#337|337.]]}} {{sc|'''PURPVREO'''}} aut pulchro aut russati coloris. SVRAS VINCIRE COTVRNO coturni sunt calciamenta etiam uenatoria, crura quoque uincientia, quorum quiuis utrique aptus est pedi. ideo et numero usus est singulari. {{ancora+|338|[[Aeneis/Liber I#338|338.]]}} {{sc|'''PUNICA'''}} REGNA VIDES ad illud &quot;'et quo sub caelo tandem&quot;'. quidam 'uides' pro uisurus es accipiunt; nam quemadmodum in media silua urbem uidet et Tyrios? PUNICA REGNA VIDES his attentum facit Aeneam. TYRIOS nihil interest utrum Tyrios an Sidonios dicat. ut diximus enim nomina de uicino mutuantur. AGENORIS URBEM quam fecerunt Agenoridae. Agenor autem, Neptuni et Libyae filius, rex Phoenices fuit, de cuius genere originem Dido ducebat. et sic dictum est, ut &quot;et tandem Euboicis Cumarum adlabitur oris&quot;, id est ad Cumas, quas fecerunt hi qui de Chalcide uenerant, ciuitate Euboeae. {{ancora+|339|[[Aeneis/Liber I#339|339.]]}} {{sc|'''SED'''}} FINES LIBYCI ante dicta dubia esse potuerunt, nunc aperte regionem ostendit dicendo Libycos fines. Tyrii enim et alibi esse potuerunt. INTRACTABILE insuperabile, asperum, saeuum. SED FINES LIBYCI amouit suspicionem, ne putaret se in Tyrum uenisse. 

[1,340] {{ancora+|340|[[Aeneis/Liber I#340|340.]]}} {{sc|'''DIDO'''}} uero nomine Elissa ante dicta est, sed post interitum a Poenis Dido appellata, id est uirago Punica lingua, quod cum a suis sociis cogeretur cuicumque de Afris regibus nubere et prioris mariti caritate teneretur, forti se animo et interfecerit et in pyram iecerit, quam se ad expiandos prioris mariti manes extruxisse fingebat. {{ancora+|341|[[Aeneis/Liber I#341|341.]]}} {{sc|'''GERMANUM'''}} FUGIENS hoc loco quasi stupuit Aeneas; de germani enim appellatione fuerat facta maior inuidia: unde auditoris auiditati praescribit Venus dicens longam esse iniuriam, id est causam, ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit, ut supra &quot;spem uultu simulat&quot;. LONGA EST INIVRIA longa narratio iniuriae. {{ancora+|342|[[Aeneis/Liber I#342|342.]]}} {{sc|'''LONGAE'''}} AMBAGES id est circuitus. hoc est ambages narrationis. FASTIGIA summae partes aedificiorum dicuntur, sed modo primordia, quia scit longam esse historiam Carthaginis, ut Sallustius &quot;sed de Carthagine silere melius puto, quam parum dicere&quot;. {{ancora+|343|[[Aeneis/Liber I#343|343.]]}} {{sc|'''HVIC'''}} CONIVNX SYCHAEUS ERAT quotiens poeta aspera inuenit nomina uel in metro non stantia, aut mutat ea aut de his aliquid mutilat. nam Sychaeus Sicarbas dictus est; Belus, Didonis pater, Mettes; Carthago a cartha, ut lectum est et in historia Poenorum et in Liuio. sane Sychaeus Sy breuis est per naturam; sed hoc loco ectasin fecit ea licentia quae est in propriis nominibus. licet enim in quauis proprii nominis parte syllabae mutare naturam: quod et in appellatiuis euenit, si tamen de propriis originem ducant, ut &quot;Sicanio praetenta sinu&quot;, quia uenit a Sicano rege Siciliae. DITISSIMUS AGRI ueteres addebant cuius rei diues, ut &quot;diues equum&quot;. {{ancora+|344|[[Aeneis/Liber I#344|344.]]}} {{sc|'''MISERAE'''}} datiuus est, non aduerbium. {{ancora+|345|[[Aeneis/Liber I#345|345.]]}} {{sc|'''CUI'''}} PATER INTACTAM DEDERAT argumentum amoris. {{ancora+|346|[[Aeneis/Liber I#346|346.]]}} {{sc|'''PRIMIS'''}} OMINIBUS uel prosperis et secundis auguriis uel primariis, ut aliis uerbis repetierit 'cui pater intactam dederat'. OMINIBUS auguriis. et secundum Romanos locutus est, qui nihil nisi captatis faciebant auguriis, et praecipue nuptias. Lucanus &quot;contentique auspice Bruto&quot;. Iuuenalis &quot;ueniet cum signatoribus auspex&quot;. TYRI aduerbium est. {{ancora+|347|[[Aeneis/Liber I#347|347.]]}} {{sc|'''SCELERE'''}} ANTE ALIOS IMMANIOR OMNES QUOS INTER MEDIOS VENIT FUROR iunge totum: nam aliter non procedit, si segreges 'quos inter medios uenit furor', cum ipse dicat, licet simulatas, fuisse tamen amicitias, simul namque sacrificabant: ac si diceret, sceleratior Atreo et Thyeste, uel Eteocle et Polynice. multi 'inmanior' ad furorem, non ad Pygmalionem referunt. ordo autem est 'inter quos medios'. {{ancora+|348|[[Aeneis/Liber I#348|348.]]}} {{sc|'''ILLE'''}} SYCHAEUM hoc loco secundum naturam posuit. {{ancora+|349|[[Aeneis/Liber I#349|349.]]}} {{sc|'''IMPIUS'''}} ANTE ARAS probauit impium, qui ante aras. et singula pronuntianda. 

[1,350] {{ancora+|350|[[Aeneis/Liber I#350|350.]]}} {{sc|'''CLAM'''}} quidam ad sororem referri putant. SECVRUS AMORUM GERMANAE aut contemnens, id est neglegens, non curans amores sororis, ut &quot;securi pelagi atque mei&quot;, id est contemptores: aut certe securus erat de amore germanae circa maritum nimio, ob quem se post mortem Sychaei interimere posse credebatur; nec enim sequitur, ut occiso Sychaeo ipse statim potiretur auri, nisi etiam Dido periret. 'amores' autem plurali numero ad uoluptatem pertinent, ut &quot;securus amorum, qui iuuenum tibi semper erant&quot;, singulari etiam ad religionem. {{ancora+|351|[[Aeneis/Liber I#351|351.]]}} {{sc|'''AEGRAM'''}} maestam, anxiam. {{ancora+|352|[[Aeneis/Liber I#352|352.]]}} {{sc|'''MULTA'''}} MALUS SIMVLANS VANA SPE LUSIT AMANTEM quia dicebat absentem, quem constabat occisum. atqui legimus &quot;quis fallere possit amantem?&quot; sed hic nimia Pygmalionis ostenditur malitia, quae etiam amantem fefellit. VANA SPE quia dicebat eum reuerti. LUSIT decepit. {{ancora+|353|[[Aeneis/Liber I#353|353.]]}} {{sc|'''IN'''}} SOMNIS si ab eo quod est somnium, synizesis est, ut peculi pro peculii; si autem a somno uenit, 'in somnis', id est dum somnos caperet. IMAGO g-to g-eidohlon. {{ancora+|355|[[Aeneis/Liber I#355|355.]]}} {{sc|'''CRVDELIS'''}} ARAS epitheton hoc de causa est, nam arae piae sunt. {{ancora+|356|[[Aeneis/Liber I#356|356.]]}} {{sc|'''NUDAVIT'''}} indicauit: unde contra in sexto habemus &quot;et uulnera dira tegentem&quot;, hoc est celantem. quid enim tegeret undique truncatus? RETEXIT ecce hic planius quid sit 'nudauit' ostendit. CAECVMQUE DOMUS SCELUS OMNE RETEXIT utrum ad praeteritum hoc refertur, an ut quibusdam uidetur, quod ipsam Didonem parabat occidere? nam ideo et fugam suadere uisus est. {{ancora+|357|[[Aeneis/Liber I#357|357.]]}} {{sc|'''CELERARE'''}} FUGAM celeriter abire, ut dicimus 'cursum celero'. SVADET secundum naturam duae sunt syllabae, sed multi trisyllabum putant. quod etiam si inueniatur, solutio dicenda est, quo modo dicimus aena et aena. hoc autem solum huiusce modi uerbum in Latino inuenitur. {{ancora+|358|[[Aeneis/Liber I#358|358.]]}} {{sc|'''RECLVDIT'''}} ad opinionem somni recludere uidetur, ut &quot;aeternumque adytis effert penetralibus ignem&quot;. {{ancora+|359|[[Aeneis/Liber I#359|359.]]}} {{sc|'''THESAVROS'''}} hoc nomen 'n' non habet, sicut Atlas, gigas, Thoas, Abas, Pallas, licet in obliquis casibus inueniatur; sicut nec formosus, quia deriuatum est a forma, ut a specie speciosus, ab odio odiosus, a genere generosus, ab scelere scelerosus. IGNOTUM ARGENTI PONDUS ET AVRI aut quod ignorabat Dido, aut certe ad magnitudinem pertinet, id est tantum quantum nullus umquam nouit. 

[1,360] {{ancora+|360|[[Aeneis/Liber I#360|360.]]}} {{sc|'''HIS'''}} COMMOTA supra dictis omnibus. {{ancora+|361|[[Aeneis/Liber I#361|361.]]}} {{sc|'''QUIBUS'''}} AVT ODIUM CRVDELE TYRANNI AVT METUS ACER ERAT oderant laesi, metuebant laedendi, hoc est qui timebant, ne laederentur: unde est illud in quarto &quot;et quos Sidonia uix urbe reuelli&quot;, quia non uoluntate, sed aut odio aut timore conuenerant. ODIUM CRVDELE TYRANNI id est crudelis tyranni, et figura est; nam in tyrannum odium iustum est. {{ancora+|362|[[Aeneis/Liber I#362|362.]]}} {{sc|'''NAVES'''}} QUAE FORTE PARATAE id est erant. {{ancora+|363|[[Aeneis/Liber I#363|363.]]}} {{sc|'''PYGMALIONIS'''}} OPES quas Pygmalion iam suas putabat: unde est in quarto &quot;ulta uirum&quot;. quae enim auaro maior poena, quam pecuniam propter quam deliquerat perdere? remoue hoc, et falsum est &quot;ulta uirum&quot;. sciendum autem quod clam tangit historiam. moris enim erat, ut de pecunia publica Phoenices misso a rege auro de peregrinis frumenta conueherent. Dido autem a Pygmalione ad hunc usum paratas naues abstulerat: quam cum fugientem a fratre missi sequerentur, aurum illa praecipitauit in mare, qua re uisa sequentes reuersi sunt. licet et alio ordine historia ista narratur. DVX FEMINA FACTI pronuntiandum quasi mirum. {{ancora+|365|[[Aeneis/Liber I#365|365.]]}} {{sc|'''DEVENERE'''}} LOCOS 'ad' minus est. SVRGENTEM erigentem se, ut &quot;surgentem in cornua ceruum&quot;. {{ancora+|366|[[Aeneis/Liber I#366|366.]]}} {{sc|'''NOVAE'''}} CARTHAGINIS Carthago enim est lingua Poenorum noua ciuitas, ut docet Liuius. {{ancora+|367|[[Aeneis/Liber I#367|367.]]}} {{sc|'''MERCATIQUE'''}} SOLUM, FACTI DE NOMINE BYRSAM adpulsa ad Libyam Dido cum ab Hiarba pelleretur, petit callide, ut emeret tantum terrae, quantum posset corium bouis tenere. itaque corium in fila propemodum sectum tetendit occupauitque stadia uiginti duo: quam rem leuiter tangit Vergilius dicendo 'facti de nomine Byrsam' et non 'tegere', sed 'circumdare'. FACTI DE NOMINE id est de causae qualitate, quia byrsa Graece g-corium dicitur. dicendo ergo 'circumdare', ostendit corrigiam de corio factam. {{ancora+|368|[[Aeneis/Liber I#368|368.]]}} {{sc|'''TERGO'''}} pro tergore. {{ancora+|369|[[Aeneis/Liber I#369|369.]]}} {{sc|'''SED'''}} VOS QUI TANDEM? uacat hoc loco 'tandem', uel ut aliis uidetur expletiua coniunctio, ut &quot;et quo sub caelo tandem&quot;, ubi 'tandem' pro tamen accipiunt. et est naturalis interrogatio qui estis? unde estis? quo itis? sic ipse in octauo licet mutato ordine &quot;quo tenditis, inquit? qui genus? unde domo?&quot; 

[1,370] {{ancora+|371|[[Aeneis/Liber I#371|371.]]}} {{sc|'''IMOQUE'''}} TRAHENS A PECTORE VOCEM deest 'dixit'. et quotiens longe respondet, parenthesis est; quotiens nusquam, ellipsis dicitur, ut hoc loco. {{ancora+|372|[[Aeneis/Liber I#372|372.]]}} {{sc|'''O'''}} DEA perseuerat in opinione sua, ita tamen, ut et illius orationi aliquando concedat: nam paulo post ait 'si uestras forte per aures Troiae nomen iit'. aut certe illud est, quia superius dixerat 'an nympharum sanguinis una', quae non omnia sciunt; AB ORIGINE a raptu Helenae. PERGAM perseuerem, hoc est uniuersa dicam. {{ancora+|373|[[Aeneis/Liber I#373|373.]]}} {{sc|'''ANNALES'''}} inter historiam et annales hoc interest: historia est eorum temporum quae uel uidimus uel uidere potuimus, dicta g-apo g-tou g-historein, id est uidere; annales uero sunt eorum temporum, quae aetas nostra non nouit: unde Liuius ex annalibus et historia constat. haec tamen confunduntur licenter, ut hoc loco pro historia inquit 'annales'. ita autem annales conficiebantur: tabulam dealbatam quotannis pontifex maximus habuit, in qua praescriptis consulum nominibus et aliorum magistratuum digna memoratu notare consueuerat domi militiaeque terra marique gesta per singulos dies. cuius diligentiae annuos commentarios in octoginta libros ueteres retulerunt, eosque a pontificibus maximis a quibus fiebant annales maximos appellarunt: unde quidam ideo dictum ab Aenea 'annales' aiunt, quod et ipse religiosus sit et a poeta tum pontifex inducatur. {{ancora+|374|[[Aeneis/Liber I#374|374.]]}} {{sc|'''CLAVSO'''}} more poetico, qui dicunt caelum per noctem claudi, aperiri per diem: unde est &quot;porta tonat caeli&quot; et &quot;considunt tectis bipatentibus&quot;. COMPONET finiet, ut &quot;oblato gaudens componi foedere bellum&quot; et &quot;⟨non⟩ nostrum inter uos tantas conponere lites&quot;. alibi pro disponere, ut &quot;nec conponere opes norant&quot;, alibi pro coniungere, ut &quot;conponens manibusque manus&quot;, alibi pro conparare, ut &quot;sic paruis conponere magna solebam&quot;, alibi pro fundare, ut &quot;nunc placida conpostus&quot;. VESPER proprie stella est, cum autem 'uesperi' dicimus, aduerbium temporis est. et sciendum quia omnia nomina, quae de Graecis in -os exeuntibus ad nos transeunt, apud nos aut in us tantum exeunt, ut DELOC Delus, aut in er, ut g-agros ager, aut in utrumque, ut g-Euandros Euandrus Euander {{ancora+|375|[[Aeneis/Liber I#375|375.]]}} {{sc|'''TROIA'''}} ANTIQUA nobili, uenerabili, more suo: alibi &quot;terra antiqua&quot;, id est nobilis; nec enim esse poterat noua. item &quot;templa dei saxo uenerabar structa uetusto&quot;. aut certe cara, et hoc ideo, quia dixit 'quibus aut uenistis ab oris'. SI VESTRAS FORTE PER AVRES cum apud deam sciat se loqui, cur ait 'si uestras per aures'? et 'forte' hic aliqua ratione. {{ancora+|377|[[Aeneis/Liber I#377|377.]]}} {{sc|'''FORTE'''}} SVA casu suo, id est quo solet. 'forte' autem nomen est a nominatiuo fors, ut Terentius &quot;fors fuat pol&quot;. ipse alibi &quot;quoniam fors omnia uersat&quot;. LIBYCIS iam scit; audiuit enim 'sed fines Libyci'. APPVLIT ORIS figura supra dicta. {{ancora+|378|[[Aeneis/Liber I#378|378.]]}} {{sc|'''SUM'''}} PIUS AENEAS non est hoc loco arrogantia, sed indicium. nam scientibus aliquid de se dicere arrogantia est, ignotis indicium. aut certe heroum secutus est morem, quibus quam mentiri turpe fuerat, tam uera reticere. denique Vlixes in Homero ait suam famam ad caelum usque uenisse: unde et iste 'fama super aethera notus'. aut certe uetuste pietatem pro religione posuit. Sallustius in Catilina &quot;uerum illi delubra deum pietate, domus suas gloria decorabant&quot;. Plautus in Pseudolo &quot;non potest pietati obsisti huic ututi res sunt ceterae, deos quidem, quos maxime est aequum metuere, eos minimi facit&quot;. sane 'pius' potest esse et purus et innocens et omni carens scelere. piare enim antiqui purgare dicebant; inde etiam piamina, quibus expurgant homines, et qui purgati non sunt impii. RAPTOS QUI EX HOSTE PENATES hoc est sum pius. EX HOSTE PENATES optima locutio est, plusque significat de pluralitate ad singularitatem transire, ut 'uenor multis canibus' et 'multa cane'. ut Horatius &quot;aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane apros in obstantes plagas&quot;. sane de diis penatibus licet uarias opiniones secutus sit Vergilius, omnes tamen diuersis locis complexus est: nam alii, ut Nigidius et Labeo, deos penates Aeneae Neptunum et Apollinem tradunt, quorum mentio fit &quot;taurum Neptuno, taurum tibi, pulcher Apollo&quot;. Varro deos penates quaedam sigilla lignea uel marmorea ab Aenea in Italiam dicit aduecta, cuius rei ita Vergilius meminit &quot;effigies sacrae diuum Phrygiique penates, quos mecum a Troia mediisque ex ignibus urbis extuleram&quot;. idem Varro hos deos Dardanum ex Samothraca in Phrygiam, de Phrygia Aeneam in Italiam memorat portauisse. alii autem, ut Cassius Hemina, dicunt deos penates ex Samothraca appellatos g-theous g-megalous, g-theous g-dunatous, g-theous g-chrehstous. quorum diuersis locis ita meminit &quot;natoque penatibus et magnis dis&quot;, hoc est g-theous g-megalous, et iterum &quot;Iunonis magnae primum. dominamque potentem&quot; g-tous g-dunatous, et &quot;bona Iuno&quot; g-tous g-chrehstous. ecce ergo diuersis locis omnia tria conplexus, quae omnia locis suis dicentur. 

[1,380] {{ancora+|380|[[Aeneis/Liber I#380|380.]]}} {{sc|'''ITALIAM'''}} QUAERO hoc loco distinguendum est; nam si iunxeris 'patriam', non procedit. patria enim, id est ciuitas, in prouincia esse potest, non tamen ut ipsa prouincia patria sit: licet in Sallustio lectum sit &quot;Hispaniam sibi antiquam patriam esse&quot;; sed illic ad laudem pertinet, non ad ueritatem. tria ergo dicit: prouinciam quaero, hoc est 'Italiam'; 'patriam', hoc est Corythum, Tusciae ciuitatem, unde Dardanus fuit; 'genus ab Ioue' ideo, quia ex Electra et Ioue Dardanus Iasiusque nati sunt, Dardanus autem auctor est Troiae. et bene ad tria interrogata respondet, qui esset, unde uenisset, quo tenderet. alibi de ipsa Italia Aeneas &quot;hic domus, haec patria est&quot;. melius sic distinguitur 'Italiam quaero patriam et genus ab Ioue summo': ut mihi sit Italia patria, Iouis genus efficit, propter Dardanum scilicet. {{ancora+|381|[[Aeneis/Liber I#381|381.]]}} {{sc|'''PHRYGIUM'''}} AEQUOR id est Hellespontum. CONSCENDI bene 'conscendi' secundum physicos, qui dicunt terram inferiorem esse, quia omne quod continetur supra illud est quod continet: unde est &quot;humilemque uidemus Italiam&quot;. {{ancora+|382|[[Aeneis/Liber I#382|382.]]}} {{sc|'''MATRE'''}} DEA MONSTRANTE VIAM hoc loco per transitum tangit historiam, quam per legem artis poeticae aperte non potest ponere. nam Varro in secundo diuinarum dicit &quot;ex quo de Troia est egressus Aeneas, Veneris eum per diem cotidie stellam uidisse, donec ad agrum Laurentem ueniret, in quo eam non uidit ulterius: qua re terras cognouit esse fatales&quot;: unde Vergilius hoc loco 'matre dea monstrante uiam' et &quot;eripe, nate, fugam&quot;, item &quot;nusquam abero&quot; et &quot;descendo ac ducente deo&quot; et &quot;iamque iugis summae surgebat lucifer Idae&quot;. quam stellam Veneris esse ipse Vergilius ostendit &quot;qualis ubi Oceani perfusus Lucifer unda, quem Venus ante alios astrorum diligit ignes&quot;. quod autem diximus eum poetica arte prohiberi, ne aperte ponat historiam, certum est. Lucanus namque ideo in numero poetarum esse non meruit, quia uidetur historiam composuisse, non poema. DATA FATA SECVTUS scilicet a Ioue. {{ancora+|383|[[Aeneis/Liber I#383|383.]]}} {{sc|'''CONVVLSAE'''}} UNDIS EVROQUE SUPERSUNT aut 'conuulsae undis Euroque', aut 'supersunt undis Euroque'. 'conuulsae' autem ideo, quia habes supra &quot;laxis laterum compagibus&quot; {{ancora+|384|[[Aeneis/Liber I#384|384.]]}} {{sc|'''IGNOTUS'''}} deest 'quasi'; nam contrarium est quod dixit 'fama super aethera notus'. facit autem hoc frequenter Vergilius, ut hanc particulam subtrahat, ut &quot;at medias inter caedes exultat Amazon&quot;, quasi Amazon; nam Vulsca fuit. PERAGRO per habet accentum; nam 'a' longa quidem est, sed non solida positione; muta enim et liquida quotiens ponuntur metrum iuuant, non accentum. {{ancora+|385|[[Aeneis/Liber I#385|385.]]}} {{sc|'''EVROPA'''}} ATQUE ASIA PULSUS aut orbem in tres partes diuisit et absolutum est, quia in Africa positus, quae orbis pars tertia est: aut si Europam tantum et Asiam intellegimus, ut Africa in Europa sit, inuidiose locutus est, ut supra Venus &quot;cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis&quot;, quasi cum indignatione dicat, per Troiam Asia careo, per Italiam Europa. denique non passa Venus eius interrupit querelas. sane Europa Agenoris filia, a qua pars orbis nominata est. {{ancora+|386|[[Aeneis/Liber I#386|386.]]}} {{sc|'''DOLORE'''}} EST aut narrantis Aeneae, aut certe suo dolore; aequum enim est malis filii etiam ipsam moueri. {{ancora+|387|[[Aeneis/Liber I#387|387.]]}} {{sc|'''QUISQUIS'''}} ES pleraque per concessionem sic tradit poeta, ut augmentum faciat. sicut hoc loco audiuerat Venus 'sum pius Aeneas, fama super aethera notus' et cetera, dicit tamen 'quisquis es', hoc est, etiamsi haec in te non sint, hinc tamen constat esse felicem, quod uenisti Carthaginem. item in secundo &quot;quisquis es, amissos hinc iam obliuiscere Graios&quot;, hoc est, qualibet ratione contra nos bella susceperis. HAVD CREDO INVISUS CAELESTIBUS litotes figura per contrarium significans, id est credo te esse carissimum superis: ut alibi &quot;munera nec sperno&quot;, supra &quot;mihi iussa capessere fas est&quot;. 'caelestibus' autem secundum Pythagoram et praecipue Platonem dixit, qui confirmant uiuos esse superis caros, mortuos uero inferis. unde et Vergilius de Pallante &quot;et nil iam caelestibus ullis debentem&quot;, item contra &quot;uos o mihi manes este boni, quoniam superis auersa uoluntas&quot;. {{ancora+|388|[[Aeneis/Liber I#388|388.]]}} {{sc|'''AVRAS'''}} VITALES CARPIS quibus uiuimus. nihil est enim aliud uita, quam reciprocus spiritus: unde et Iuppiter, quo constant omnia, Zeus uocatur g-apo g-tehs g-zohes, id est uita. CARPIS accipis modo, ut &quot;et placidam carpebant membra quietem&quot;. TYRIAM Carthaginem a colonis. ADVENERIS URBEM hysterologia ut supra, hoc est ad urbem ueneris. PERGE MODO tantummodo: hoc est, haec tibi sola sit cura, nam liberatae sunt naues. {{ancora+|389|[[Aeneis/Liber I#389|389.]]}} {{sc|'''PERFER'''}} imperatiuus modus est, ut &quot;fer cineres Amarylli foras&quot;. 

[1,390] {{ancora+|390|[[Aeneis/Liber I#390|390.]]}} {{sc|'''REDUCES'''}} proprie 'reduces' dicuntur qui pericula euadunt: sic infra &quot;ut reduces illi ludunt&quot;, scilicet post periculum inlatum ab aquila. {{ancora+|391|[[Aeneis/Liber I#391|391.]]}} {{sc|'''VERSIS'''}} AQUILONIBUS aut speciem pro genere posuit, hoc est mutatis uentis, aut quia, postquam ad Africam iter uerterunt, aduersus ante Aquilo coepit esse prosperrimus. {{ancora+|392|[[Aeneis/Liber I#392|392.]]}} {{sc|'''NI'''}} FRVSTRA AVGVRIUM VANI DOCVERE PARENTES hoc ad confirmandum errorem Aeneae dixit, ne diuinando dea esse crederetur. et est argumentum ad fallaciam, ne intellegat deam. quod autem dicit 'uani parentes', aut hypallage est, id est uanum augurium, ut &quot;dare classibus austros&quot; et &quot;ibant obscuri sola sub nocte&quot; pro ipsi soli per obscuram noctem; aut certe 'uani parentes' qui res falsas et inanes docent. et per hoc decipere plerumque ostendit auguria. multi uolunt ad nimium hoc amorem parentum referri, qui teneritudine affectus etiam superflua liberos docent. quidam 'uani' mendaces tradunt. Sallustius in Iugurtha &quot;nam ego quidem uellem et haec quae scribo et illa quae antea in senatu questus sum uana forent potius, quam miseria mea fidem uerbis faceret&quot;. Terentius in Phormione ubi adulescens lenonem mendacii arguit &quot;non te pudet uanitatis?&quot; {{ancora+|393|[[Aeneis/Liber I#393|393.]]}} {{sc|'''BIS'''}} SENOS CYCNOS cycnos nauibus comparat, aquilam tempestati. in auguriis autem considerandae sunt non solum aues, sed etiam uolatus, ut in praepetibus, et cantus, ut in oscinibus, quia nec omnes nec omnibus dant auguria: ut columbae non nisi regibus dant, quia numquam singulae uolant, sicut rex numquam solus incedit; unde in sexto &quot;maternas agnouit aues&quot; per transitum ostendit regis augurium. item cycni nullis dant nisi nautis, sicut lectum est in ornithogonia, &quot;cycnus in auguriis nautis gratissimus ales: hunc optant semper, quia numquam mergitur undis&quot;. cycnos tamen habere diuinationem etiam Cicero in Tusculanis libro primo docet &quot;ut cycni, qui non sine causa Apollini dicati sunt, sed quod ab eo diuinationem habere uideantur&quot;. LAETANTES post periculum. AGMINE uolatu, impetu. agmen autem apud Vergilium est cuiuslibet rei impetus, ut &quot;illi agmine certo&quot; et &quot;uocat agmina saeua sororum&quot;. {{ancora+|394|[[Aeneis/Liber I#394|394.]]}} {{sc|'''AETHERIA'''}} aether altior est aere, uicinus caelo, g-apo g-tou g-aithein, id est ardere. IOVIS ALES aquila, quae in tutela Iouis est, quia dicitur dimicanti ei contra Gigantes fulmina ministrasse: quod ideo fingitur, quia per naturam nimii est caloris, adeo ut etiam oua quibus supersidet possit coquere, nisi admoueat gagaten lapidem frigidissimum, ut testatur Lucanus &quot;feta tepefacta sub alite saxa&quot;. aut quia nec aquila nec laurus dicitur fulminari, ideo Iouis ales aquila, Iouis coronam lauream accepimus, et qui triumphant lauro coronantur. sane alites proprie dicuntur aues, quae uolatu auspicia faciunt, buteo sanqualis inmussulus aquila uulturius. sane de aquila est et alia fabula. apud Graecos legitur, puerum quendam terra editum admodum pulchrum membris omnibus fuisse, qui g-Aetos sit uocatus. hic cum Iuppiter propter patrem Saturnum, qui suos filios deuorabat, in Creta insula in Idaeo antro nutriretur, primus in obsequium Iouis se dedit, post uero cum adoleuisset Iuppiter et patrem regno pepulisset, Iuno permota forma pueri uelut paelicatus dolore eum in auem uertit, quae ab ipso g-aetos dicitur Graece, a nobis aquila propter aquilum colorem, qui ater est. quam semper Iuppiter sibi inhaerere praecipit et fulmina gestare: per hanc etiam Ganymedes cum amaretur a Ioue dicitur raptus, quos Iuppiter inter sidera collocauit. et quia aquilae haec est natura, ut solem recto lumine spectet, signum quoque aquilae, quod in caelo est, orientem semper solem uidetur adtendere. alii dicunt ab hac aui Iouem raptum et ad latebras Cretenses perlatum, cum a Saturno ubique quaereretur. ipsam etiam Ioui, cum aduersus Titanas bellum gereret, obuolasse in augurium ac statim uictoriam consecutam, et ideo inter sidera collocatam. {{ancora+|395|[[Aeneis/Liber I#395|395.]]}} {{sc|'''ORDINE'''}} LONGO non nulli pro serie dictum accipiunt, nam et 'coetu cinxere polum' uidetur ad ordinem rettulisse: quamuis quidam quaerant, quomodo 'ordine', cum mox 'coetu' dicat. {{ancora+|396|[[Aeneis/Liber I#396|396.]]}} {{sc|'''CAPERE'''}} eligere, ut &quot;ante locum capies oculis&quot;. DESPECTARE id est electas iam intentius despicere. {{ancora+|397|[[Aeneis/Liber I#397|397.]]}} {{sc|'''STRIDENTIBUS'''}} ALIS signum augurii est. {{ancora+|398|[[Aeneis/Liber I#398|398.]]}} {{sc|'''COETU'''}} dicit Plinius Secundus in naturali historia, omnes aues colli longioris aut recto ordine uolare, ut pondus capitis praecedentis cauda sustentet: unde et prima plerumque deficiens relicto loco incipit esse postrema: aut in coetu se omnes inuicem sustinere; neque enim huiusmodi aues semel ad inferiora descendunt, sed paulatim per reflexos in gyrum uolatus. hoc autem uolatu imitantur litteras quasdam: unde et Lucanus &quot;et turbata perit dispersis littera pennis&quot;. CANTVSQUE DEDERE adlusit ad nautas. multi tamen adserunt cycnos inter augurales aues non inueniri neque auguralibus commentariis eorum nomen inlatum, sed in libris reconditis lectum esse, posse quamlibet auem auspicium adtestari, maxime quia non poscatur. hoc enim interest inter augurium et auspicium, quod augurium et petitur et certis auibus ostenditur, auspicium qualibet aui demonstratur et non petitur: quod ipsum tamen species augurii est. sed Vergilius amat secretiora dicere; nam totum morem augurum exsecutus est proprietate uerborum. alites enim ostendit cum ait 'stridentibus alis', oscines uero cum dicit 'et coetu cinxere polum cantusque dedere'. hoc idem et de columbis fecit; nam et haec inter augurales aues dicuntur non inueniri, et tamen ex his augurium et postulari facit et ostendi: &quot;este duces o, si qua uia est, cursumque per auras dirigite in lucos&quot; et cetera. {{ancora+|399|[[Aeneis/Liber I#399|399.]]}} {{sc|'''PUPPESQUE'''}} TUAE PUBESQUE TUORUM tropus synecdoche: a parte totum significat, ut Terentius &quot;o lepidum caput&quot;, id est lepidus homo. 'pubes' autem flos iuuentutis. 

[1,400] {{ancora+|400|[[Aeneis/Liber I#400|400.]]}} {{sc|'''OSTIA'''}} proprie ostia dicuntur exitus fluminum, sed modo abusus est, quia plerumque ostia ipsa pro portu sunt. {{ancora+|401|[[Aeneis/Liber I#401|401.]]}} {{sc|'''PERGE'''}} MODO exhortatio ad facilitatem rei. DUCIT VIA pro 'haec uia': et uidetur demonstrare. {{ancora+|402|[[Aeneis/Liber I#402|402.]]}} {{sc|'''AVERTENS'''}} 'se' subaudis, hoc est cum auerteretur, ut &quot;tum prora auertit&quot;. ROSEA pulchra. {{ancora+|403|[[Aeneis/Liber I#403|403.]]}} {{sc|'''AMBROSIAEQUE'''}} COMAE aut unguento deorum oblitae, hoc est ambrosia, aut certe abusiue dixit 'diuinae comae'. AMBROSIAEQUE COMAE DIVINUM VERTICE ODOREM est hypallage, ut sit diuinae comae ambrosiae odorem spirauere. {{ancora+|404|[[Aeneis/Liber I#404|404.]]}} {{sc|'''SPIRAVERE'''}} exhalauerunt. VESTIS DEFLVXIT quia dixit supra &quot;sinus collecta fluentes&quot;. {{ancora+|405|[[Aeneis/Liber I#405|405.]]}} {{sc|'''VERA'''}} bene 'uera' de qua ante dubitabatur. INCESSU hoc uerbum apud Vergilium saepe pro honore ponitur, ut &quot;ast ego quae diuum incedo regina&quot; et mox &quot;forma pulcherrima Dido incessit&quot;. MATREM AGNOVIT nunc matrem agnoscit; nam deam esse iam superius dixerat. {{ancora+|406|[[Aeneis/Liber I#406|406.]]}} {{sc|'''FUGIENTEM'''}} celeriter abscedentem, ut alibi &quot;ad terram fugit&quot;. VOCE pro oratione. {{ancora+|407|[[Aeneis/Liber I#407|407.]]}} {{sc|'''QUID'''}} NATUM TOTIENS saepe. et aut kata to siopomenon intellegimus saepe eum esse delusum; aut certe secundum ipsum Vergilium, qui ait in secundo &quot;cum mihi se non ante oculis tam clara uidendam obtulit&quot;. multi tamen uolunt in hoc ipso loco saepe eum esse deceptum, ut in habitu, in interrogatione, in responsione, in auguriis. uel 'totiens crudelis', quotiens fallis aut dissimulas. TU QUOQUE sicut Iuno ceterique dii, qui Troianis inimici sunt; quos et in secundo libro ostendit, ubi ait &quot;inimicaque Troiae numina magna deum&quot;. FALSIS LUDIS IMAGINIBUS ideo quia uirginem, quia uenatricem, quia Tyriam se dixerat. {{ancora+|408|[[Aeneis/Liber I#408|408.]]}} {{sc|'''CUR'''}} DEXTRAE IVNGERE DEXTRAM maiorum enim haec fuerat salutatio, cuius rei g-aition, id est causam Varro, Callimachum secutus, exposuit, adserens &quot;omnem eorum honorem dexterarum constitisse uirtute&quot;. ob quam rem hac se uenerabantur corporis parte. {{ancora+|409|[[Aeneis/Liber I#409|409.]]}} {{sc|'''VERAS'''}} AVDIRE ET REDDERE VOCES? sunt multae reciprocae elocutiones, ut hoc loco; sunt multae unius partis utrique sufficientes, ut 'tenemur amicitiis', ridiculum enim est si addas 'mutuis', cum amicitiae utrumque significent, sicut Fronto testatur. item sunt elocutiones, quarum una pars plena est: quae si conuertantur, habent aliquid superfluum. in Sallustio &quot;in tugurio mulieris ancillae&quot;: bene addidit 'ancillae'. at si dicas 'in tugurio ancillae mulieris', erit superfluum 'mulieris'; ancilla enim et condicionem ostendit et sexum. item &quot;res erat praetoribus nota solis&quot;. hoc suffecerat. male ergo addidit &quot;ignorabatur a ceteris&quot;. quod si conuertas, nihil esse superfluum inuenitur. 

[1,410] {{ancora+|410|[[Aeneis/Liber I#410|410.]]}} {{sc|'''TALIBUS'''}} INCVSAT incusare proprie est superiorem arguere, ut in Terentio pater ad filium &quot;quid me incusas Clitipho?&quot; accusare uero uel parem uel inferiorem, ut in eodem ad maritum uxor &quot;me miseram, quae nunc quam ob causam accuser nescio&quot;. et hoc proprietatis est, licet usus male ista corrumpat. sciendum tamen est Terentium propter solam proprietatem omnibus comicis esse praepositum, quibus est quantum ad cetera spectat inferior. {{ancora+|411|[[Aeneis/Liber I#411|411.]]}} {{sc|'''AT'''}} VENUS ordo est 'at Venus dea'. OBSCVRO AERE nebula, cuius definitio est. {{ancora+|412|[[Aeneis/Liber I#412|412.]]}} {{sc|'''CIRCUM'''}} DEA FUDIT figura est tmesis, quae fit cum secto uno sermone aliquid interponimus, ut alibi &quot;septem subiecta trioni&quot;. sed hoc tolerabile est in sermone conposito, ceterum in simplici nimis est asperum; quod tamen faciebat antiquitas, ut &quot;saxo cere comminuit brum&quot;. {{ancora+|413|[[Aeneis/Liber I#413|413.]]}} {{sc|'''CERNERE'''}} NE QUIS EOS causa cur fecerit. ex hoc enim pendent cetera quae sequuntur. {{ancora+|414|[[Aeneis/Liber I#414|414.]]}} {{sc|'''MOLIRI'''}} hic pro struere posuit et per hoc facere, ut infra &quot;molirique arcem&quot;. AVT VENIENDI POSCERE CAVSAS scilicet ne saepe narrando crebrum patiatur dolorem. unde melius ad Aeneam refertur &quot;medio sic interfata dolore est&quot;. 'poscere' autem nunc inquirere, alias petere. et praeponitur magis accusatiuo casui, dicimus enim posco magistrum lectionem, non a magistro posco. {{ancora+|415|[[Aeneis/Liber I#415|415.]]}} {{sc|'''IPSA'''}} PAPHUM ciuitatem Cypri. et non sine ratione est quod in decimo libro plura sibi loca grata uel sacrata commemoret, hic ad Paphum solam abisse dicatur, quia Varro et plures referunt in hoc tantum templo Veneris quibusuis maximis in circuitu pluuiis numquam inpluere. SUBLIMIS diuino incessu. SUBLIMIS id est sublimiter, nomen pro aduerbio. {{ancora+|416|[[Aeneis/Liber I#416|416.]]}} {{sc|'''LAETA'''}} ecce proprium Veneris epitheton. uel 'laeta', quia tectum nebula filium in tuto habebat, uel quod insulam suam repetat; uel ideo Paphum reuisit laeta, quia serenis laeta congruunt, et necesse est ut laeta sit Venus ubi semper serenum est, quippe ubi pluere numquam dicatur. SABAEO Arabico. Arabiae autem tres sunt, inferior petrodes eudemon, in qua populi sunt Sabaei, apud quos nascitur tus. dicti autem Sabaei g-apo g-tou g-sebein, id est uenerari, quod deos per ipsorum tura ueneramur. {{ancora+|417|[[Aeneis/Liber I#417|417.]]}} {{sc|'''TURE'''}} CALENT ARAE SERTISQUE RECENTIBUS HALANT ecce unde supra dixit &quot;haud equidem tali me dignor honore&quot;, quia Aeneas hostias obtulerat, quarum hic mentio non fit. quod autem 'recentibus' dixit laus loci est, qui semper flore uestitur, ut omni tempore Veneri flores praesto esse uideantur. SERTIS sertum et serta cum nihil adicitur dicimus, ut hoc loco: item alibi expressius &quot;serta procul, tantum capiti delapsa, iacebant&quot;. si autem sertos dixero, addo flores, si sertas, addo coronas, ut Lucanus &quot;accipiunt sertas nardo florente coronas&quot;. et hoc in multis nominibus obseruandum est, ut genus ex adiectione formetur: qua detracta in neutrum cedat necesse est, ut piscinalis locus, piscinalis cella, piscinale; sagmarius mulus, sagmaria mula, sagmarium. HALANT pro olent. {{ancora+|418|[[Aeneis/Liber I#418|418.]]}} {{sc|'''CORRIPVERE'''}} VIAM deest 'at illi'. CORRIPVERE VIAM officium eundi celeriter arripuerunt; nec enim uia corripitur. {{ancora+|419|[[Aeneis/Liber I#419|419.]]}} {{sc|'''QUI'''}} PLURIMUS ex maxima parte urbi inminens. QUI PLURIMUS id est longus, ut ipse alio loco &quot;cui plurima ceruix&quot;, item &quot;cum se nux plurima&quot;, id est amygdala; longa namque est. 

[1,420] {{ancora+|420|[[Aeneis/Liber I#420|420.]]}} {{sc|'''ASPECTAT'''}} est ornatus cum animantur apsucha. ASPECTAT rei insensibili dat sensum. unde est illud in quarto de Atlante. item Sallustius &quot;Lyciae Pisidiaeque agros despectantem&quot;. ARCES ciuitates, a parte totum. {{ancora+|421|[[Aeneis/Liber I#421|421.]]}} {{sc|'''MIRATVR'''}} MOLEM AENEAS hoc ad ipsum refertur, MAGALIA QUONDAM hoc ad poetam; nec enim hoc nouit Aeneas. 'magalia' uero antistoechon est; nam debuit magaria dicere, quia magar, non magal Poenorum lingua uillam significat. Cato originum quarto &quot;magalia aedificia quasi cohortes rotundas&quot; dicit. alii magalia casas Poenorum pastorales dicunt. de his Sallustius &quot;quae mapalia&quot; sunt circumiecta ciuitati suburbana aedificia magalia. et alii Cassius Hemina docet ita &quot;Sinuessae magalia addenda murumque circum ea&quot;. {{ancora+|422|[[Aeneis/Liber I#422|422.]]}} {{sc|'''MIRATVR'''}} PORTAS STREPITVMQUE E- S- V- quidam hoc 'portas et uias magalia quondam miratur' non simpliciter dictum uolunt, quoniam prudentes Etruscae disciplinae aiunt apud conditores Etruscarum urbium non putatas iustas urbes, in quibus non tres portae essent dedicatae et tot uiae et tot templa, Iouis Iunonis Mineruae. bene ergo miratur Aeneas, ubi fuerant magalia illic esse legitimam ciuitatem; nam et portas et uias uidebat et mox templum Iunoni ingens. STRATA VIARUM primi enim Poeni uias lapidibus strauisse dicuntur. {{ancora+|423|[[Aeneis/Liber I#423|423.]]}} {{sc|'''ARDENTES'''}} multi 'festinantes', ut &quot;iuuenum manus emicat ardens&quot; et &quot;ardet abire fuga&quot; et &quot;Laocoon ardens&quot;; sic enim dicit quotiens properantes uult ostendere: alii ardentes 'ingeniosi' accipiunt; nam per contrarium segnem, id est sine igni, ingenio carentem dicimus: unde et a Graeco uenit catus, id est ingeniosus g-apo g-tou g-kaiesthai. DUCERE MUROS exaedificare. DUCERE MUROS hoc est construendo in longitudinem producere; proprie enim cum aedificantur muri duci dicuntur. Sallustius historiarum II. &quot;murum ab angulo dexteri lateris ad paludem haud procul remotam duxit&quot;. {{ancora+|424|[[Aeneis/Liber I#424|424.]]}} {{sc|'''MOLIRIQUE'''}} ARCEM molibus factis extollere. MOLIRI est extruere, huic contrarium demoliri. ET MANIBUS SUBVOLVERE SAXA cur manibus? an quia adhuc machinae non erant? an ad construentium festinationem referre uoluit? {{ancora+|425|[[Aeneis/Liber I#425|425.]]}} {{sc|'''OPTARE'''}} eligere, ut &quot;tuus o regina quid optes&quot;. et &quot;optauitque locum regno&quot;. TECTO ad tectum nota figura. SVLCO fossa: ciuitas enim, non domus circumdatur sulco: ut alibi &quot;ausim uel tenui uitem committere sulco&quot;. SVLCO fossa fundamentorum. {{ancora+|426|[[Aeneis/Liber I#426|426.]]}} {{sc|'''LEGUNT'''}} eligunt. IVRA id est loca ubi iura dicantur aut magistratus creentur. et bene post conditam ciuitatem addidit 'iura' et 'magistratus' 'sanctumque senatum'. legitur apud quosdam, Brutum eos qui se in eiciendis regibus iuuissent legisse in consilium, eumque ordinem senatum appellatum, quod una sensissent, quod patricii essent, patres conscriptos. alii patres a plebe in consilium senatus separatos tradunt, alii conscriptos qui post a Seruio Tullio e plebe electi sunt. alii senatum a senectute hominum, quibi allecti erant, dictum uolunt, qui apud Graecos g-gerousia appellatur. 'sanctum' autem ideo quia senatus sanctissimus ordo dicitur. {{ancora+|427|[[Aeneis/Liber I#427|427.]]}} {{sc|'''PORTUS'''}} EFFODIUNT id est Cothona faciunt. PORTUS EFFODIUNT ut portus scilicet faciant. et uere ait, nam Carthaginienses Cothone fossa utuntur, non naturali portu. ALTA THEATRI FUNDAMENTA hinc futura magnitudo cognoscitur, quod 'alta fundamenta' ait. bene autem post res publicas priuatasque necessarias mentionem fecit theatri; aut quia ita Graecis urbs conditur, qui saepe spectaculis gaudent, aut, ut apud quosdam fuit, in honorem musicae scientiae. {{ancora+|428|[[Aeneis/Liber I#428|428.]]}} {{sc|'''COLVMNAS'''}} figurate 'columnas' 'decora' ait; diuersis enim significationibus idem dixit. et ab eo quod est hoc decus corripitur decoris. 

[1,430] {{ancora+|430|[[Aeneis/Liber I#430|430.]]}} {{sc|'''QUALIS'''}} APES ordo est 'qualis labor'. QUALIS APES tertiae declinationis genetiuus pluralis et in 'ium' et in 'um' exit, sed tunc pro nostro arbitrio cum nominatiuus singularis 'ns' fuerit terminatus, ut amans et amantum et amantium dicimus. cum autem nominatiuus singularis 'r' fuerit terminatus, tantum in 'um' exit, ut pater patrum, murmur murmurum. reliqua uero nomina auctoritate firmamus, ut apis uel apum, uel apium. sane fabula de apibus talis est. apud Isthmon anus quaedam nomine Melissa fuit. hanc Ceres sacrorum suorum cum secreta docuisset, interminata est, ne cui ea quae didicisset aperiret; sed cum ad eam mulieres accessissent, ut ab ea primo blandimentis post precibus et praemiis elicerent, ut sibi a Cerere commissa patefaceret, atque in silentio perduraret, ab eisdem iratis mulieribus discerpta est. quam rem Ceres inmissa tam supra dictis feminis quam populo eius regionis pestilentia ulta est; de corpore uero Melissae apes nasci fecit. Latine autem g-melissa apis dicitur. AESTATE NOVA incipiente, ut &quot;uere nouo&quot;. et bene 'noua', quia est et adulta et praeceps secundum Sallustium. FLOREA pro florida, ut &quot;nemora inter frondea turbam&quot;. aut florentia, nec enim de flore erant facta: floream coronam dicimus. RVRA Graece g-aroura dicuntur. g-aphaeresis ergo sermonem fecit Latinum. {{ancora+|431|[[Aeneis/Liber I#431|431.]]}} {{sc|'''EXERCET'''}} fatigat, ut &quot;nate Iliacis exercite fatis&quot;. hoc autem participium ab exercitu, id est militum multitudine, declinatione discernimus; nam nomen quartae declinationis est, participium secundae, ut uisus, huius uisi uel uisus; passus, huius passi uel passus; auditus, huius auditi uel auditus. EXERCET fatigat et subiecit, quibus rebus exercitae fatigentur. SUB SOLE in sole, ut &quot;namque sub ingenti lustrat dum singula templo&quot;, uel quamdiu sol est. GENTIS FETUS ad laudem apum hoc pertinet. et bene 'gentis fetus', quia non singulae de singulis nascuntur, sed omnes ex omnibus, quod in quarto georgicorum melius intellegitur. {{ancora+|432|[[Aeneis/Liber I#432|432.]]}} {{sc|'''ADVLTOS'''}} EDUCUNT producunt, quia adhuc adolescunt, ut adulti fiant, non adoleuerint, ut adultos dicimus minores: et hoc sic dixit, ut &quot;inbellem auertis Romanis arcibus Indum&quot;. LIQUENTIA defaecata, sine sordibus, ut &quot;nec tantum dulcia, quantum et liquida&quot;, id est pura: nam pura mella constat esse meliora. {{ancora+|433|[[Aeneis/Liber I#433|433.]]}} {{sc|'''STIPANT'''}} densent. translatio a nauibus, in quibus stipula interponitur uasis, quam stipam dicunt. DISTENDUNT implent, ut &quot;denso distendere pingui&quot;. NECTARE melle: abusus est propter suauitatis similitudinem. CELLAS et hic abusus est, ut fauorum cauernas uel aluearia cellas uocaret, ut alibi thesauros. traxit autem a reponendi similitudine, uel a celando, unde cellam appellauerunt. AGMINE nunc impetu. {{ancora+|435|[[Aeneis/Liber I#435|435.]]}} {{sc|'''IGNAVUM'''}} inutile, non aptum industriae; nam industrios nauos dicimus. FUCOS secundum Plinium apum multa sunt genera. proprie tamen apes uocantur ortae de bubus, fuci de equis, crabrones de mulis, uespae de asinis. fucus autem est secundum Aemilium Macrum &quot;maior ape, crabrone minor&quot;. PECUS dicimus omne quod humana lingua et effigie caret, id est a pascendo. unde Horatius &quot;omne cum Proteus pecus egit altos uisere montes&quot;. Plautus &quot;clurinum pecus&quot; simiam dixit. PRAESEPIBUS alueariis. et est translatio, quae fit quotiens uel deest uerborum proprietas, uel uitatur iteratio. {{ancora+|436|[[Aeneis/Liber I#436|436.]]}} {{sc|'''FERVET'''}} concelebratur, ut contra 'friget' cessat dicimus, ut Terentius &quot;nimirum hic homines frigent&quot;. REDOLENT quidam olere res uel malas uel bonas, redolere tantum bonas tradunt. FRAGRANTIA quotiens incendium significatur, quod flatu alitur, per 'l' dicimus, quotiens odor, qui fracta specie maior est, per 'r' dicimus. sciendum sane nihil in hac uacare conparatione. nam Poenorum operi apum labor, custodiae litorum aduersum alienigenas fucorum conparatur expulsio. {{ancora+|437|[[Aeneis/Liber I#437|437.]]}} {{sc|'''O'''}} FORTUNATI QUORUM IAM MOENIA SVRGUNT bene 'fortunati', quia iam faciunt quod ipse desiderat. O FORTUNATI expressit Aeneae desiderium. QUORUM IAM MOENIA SVRGUNT laus uel ab ipsa re sumitur quae laudatur. {{ancora+|438|[[Aeneis/Liber I#438|438.]]}} {{sc|'''FASTIGIA'''}} nunc operis summitates, alibi ima significat, ut &quot;forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras&quot;. SVSPICIT miratur, ut e contrario 'despicit' contemnit significat. {{ancora+|439|[[Aeneis/Liber I#439|439.]]}} {{sc|'''MIRABILE'''}} DICTU ob hoc quod sequitur, quia mixtus cunctis latebat. potest tamen hoc et superiori et inferiori sensui addi. 

[1,440] {{ancora+|440|[[Aeneis/Liber I#440|440.]]}} {{sc|'''PER'''}} MEDIOS figura est; nam planum fuerat 'mediis se infert'. MISCETQUE deest 'se'. NEQUE CERNITVR VLLI neque ab ullo cernitur; et est Graecum g-oudeni g-horohmenos, ut &quot;scriberis Vario&quot;, id est scribet te Varius. {{ancora+|441|[[Aeneis/Liber I#441|441.]]}} {{sc|'''LUCUS'''}} ubicumque Vergilius lucum ponit, sequitur etiam consecratio, ut &quot;luco tum forte parentis Pilumni Turnus sacrata ualle sedebat&quot;. unde et in sexto &quot;nulli certa domus, lucis habitamus opacis&quot;; dicuntur enim heroum animae lucos tenere. et mox sequitur 'hic templum Iunoni ingens'. 'lucus' autem dicitur quod non luceat, non quod sint ibi lumina causa religionis, ut quidam uolunt. IN URBE FUIT MEDIA nunc iam in media. LAETISSIMUS UMBRA aut septimus est, aut secundum Probum genetiuus, ut sit 'laetissimus umbrae', sicut Sallustius &quot;frugum pabulique laetus ager&quot;. {{ancora+|442|[[Aeneis/Liber I#442|442.]]}} {{sc|'''QUO'''}} PRIMUM hoc est, simulac uenerunt; nec enim secundo ad Africam uentum est. ordo est 'quo primum loco'. {{ancora+|443|[[Aeneis/Liber I#443|443.]]}} {{sc|'''EFFODERE'''}} LOCO SIGNUM historia hoc habet, quam more suo Vergilius per transitum tangit. Dido fratrem fugiens cum transiret per quandam insulam Iunonis, illic accepit oraculum et sacerdotem eius secum abstulit, cum ei parum crederet promittenti Carthaginis sedes. quo cum uenissent, sacerdos elegit locum faciendae urbi, quo effosso inuentum est caput bouis. quod cum displicuisset, quia bos semper subiugatus est, alio loco effosso caput equi inuentum placuit, quia hoc animal licet subiugetur, bellicosum tamen est et uincit et plerumque concordat, ut ipse plenissime in illo loco &quot;bello armantur equi, bellum haec armenta minantur. sed tamen idem olim curru succedere sueti quadrupedes et frena iugo concordia ferre: spes est pacis ait&quot;. illic ergo Iunoni templa fecerunt. unde et bellicosa est Carthago per equi omen, et fertilis per bouis. sane fodere est tantum sollicitare terram, effodere hoc ipsum faciendo aliquid eruere uel inuenire: cui contrarium est infodere. ordo autem est 'lucus in urbe fuit media laetissimus umbra, quo loco iactati Poeni undis et turbine effodere caput acris equi, quod regia Iuno signum monstrauerat'. REGIA regina. {{ancora+|444|[[Aeneis/Liber I#444|444.]]}} {{sc|'''QUOD'''}} REGIA IVNO MONSTRARAT monstro dederat. et ut diximus tangit historiam. ACRIS EQUI epitheton magis aptum equis, ut &quot;canibus blandis&quot;, quia natura blandi sunt. {{ancora+|445|[[Aeneis/Liber I#445|445.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} FACILEM VICTU propter bouem: quod licet nunc non dicat, tamen ex historia sumit. 'facilem' autem, copiosam, diuitem. Terentius &quot;quam uos facillime agitis&quot;. {{ancora+|446|[[Aeneis/Liber I#446|446.]]}} {{sc|'''HIC'''}} TEMPLUM IVNONI INGENS superius dictum est quod Vergilius ubique lucos consecratos uelit accipi, unde tamquam in loco sacro inducit Didonem Iunoni templa construere. morem autem Romanum ueterem tangit: antiqui enim aedes sacras ita templa faciebant, ut prius per augures locus liberaretur effareturque, tum demum a pontificibus consecraretur, ac post ibidem sacra edicerentur. erant tamen templa in quibus auspicato et publice res administrarentur et senatus haberi posset, erant tantum sacra. hic ergo et sacrum templum, quod in luco, id est in loco sacro conditur, docet, et administrari in templo rem publicam subsequentibus uersibus indicat 'iura dabat legesque uiris operumque laborem p- a- i- a- s- t-' alibi tantum sacra esse templa, alibi omnia ubi agi posse, locis suis monstrabitur. SIDONIA licet ⟨et⟩ Sidon ciuitas sit Phoenices, tamen hic pro Tyria posuit. sane quidam opportune hic Sidoniam uolunt positam, ut ostenderet locupletem: Sidonii enim locupletes habiti sunt, ut &quot;Sidonias ostentat opes&quot;. {{ancora+|447|[[Aeneis/Liber I#447|447.]]}} {{sc|'''DONIS'''}} OPVLENTUM ET NUMINE DIVAE aut simulacrum quoque aureum fuit et numen pro simulacro posuit, ut &quot;media inter numina diuum&quot;. hinc Cicero &quot;sese iam ne deos quidem ad quos confugerent habere&quot;; aut uult ostendere plenum esse praesentia numinis templum: aut certe uenerabile numine. {{ancora+|448|[[Aeneis/Liber I#448|448.]]}} {{sc|'''AEREA'''}} uel quod aes magis ueteres in usu habebant, uel quod religioni apta est haec materies, denique flamen Dialis aereis cultris tondebatur: aut quia uocalius ceteris metallis, aut quia medici aere quaedam uulnera curant, aut dicit quia ueteres magis aere usi sunt aut certe aerea saecula significantur: nam ut Hesiodus dicit, tempore quo haec gesta sunt aereum saeculum fuit. NEXAEQUE AERE TRABES multi 'nixae' legunt, non 'nexae', iuxta Varronem qui ait &quot;trisulcae fores, pessulis libratae, dehiscunt, graues atque innixae in cardinum tardos turbines&quot;. quidam trabes aeneas putant ipsum templum chalkioikon significari. uersus sane ipse hypermetros est. {{ancora+|449|[[Aeneis/Liber I#449|449.]]}} {{sc|'''FORIBUS'''}} fores proprie dicuntur quae foras aperiuntur, sicut apud ueteres fuit; ualuae autem sunt, ut dicit Varro, &quot;quae reuoluuntur et se uelant&quot;. ianua autem est primus domus ingressus, dicta quia Iano consecratum est omne principium. cetera intra ianuam ostia uocantur generaliter, siue ualuae sint, siue fores: quamuis usus ista corruperit. CARDO 'cardo' dictus quasi cor ianuae, quo mouetur. STRIDEBAT AENIS ad sua rettulit tempora. cautum enim fuerat post proditum hostibus a Tarpeia uirgine Capitolium, ut aerei cardines fierent, quorum stridor posset aperta ostia omnibus indicare. 

[1,450] {{ancora+|450|[[Aeneis/Liber I#450|450.]]}} {{sc|'''HOC'''}} PRIMUM IN LUCO secuta sunt enim et alia, quae detraxere formidinem. TIMOREM multi quaerunt, cur post uisam matrem quicquam timuerit: quod tamen alii sic soluunt, ut dicant, ne tunc quidem Aeneam Venerem quam uiderat esse credidisse, cuius, ut ipse putabat, agnitae nulla uerba perceperat. sed uera solutio haec est: Venus nihil de Afrorum moribus, unde nunc formidat Aeneas, sed de classe liberata dixerat filio. uel quia non in totum Aeneas matris fiducia confirmandus est, ne nihil supersit magnanimitati et laudibus uiri fortis. sciendum tamen est in Vergilio interdum ualidiora esse obiecta purgatis, uel contra, ut hoc loco. {{ancora+|451|[[Aeneis/Liber I#451|451.]]}} {{sc|'''LENIIT'''}} quartae coniugationis tempus praeteritum perfectum uel in 'ui' iunctam exit, uel sublata digammo in 'ii' pro nostro arbitrio, ut leniui lenii, audiui audii. sane cum in 'ui' exit, paenultima longa est et ipsa accentum retinet; cum uero in 'ii', paenultima breuis est et perdit accentum, quia, ut supra diximus &quot;unius ob noxam&quot;, quotiens uocalis uocalem sequitur detrahit longitudinem praecedenti; sed hoc in metro, ubi necessitas cogit; nam in prosa et naturam suam et accentum retentat. nunc ergo 'leniit' tertia a fine habet accentum, quia paenultima breuis est. sane plerumque accentum suum retinet etiam sermo corruptus, ut Mercuri Domiti Ouidi tertia a fine habere debuit accentum, quia paenultima breuis est, sed constat haec nomina apocopen pertulisse: nam apud maiores idem erat uocatiuus qui et nominatiuus, ut hi Mercurius et o Mercurius: unde 'cu' licet breuis sit, etiam post apocopen suum seruat accentum. {{ancora+|452|[[Aeneis/Liber I#452|452.]]}} {{sc|'''AVSUS'''}} bene 'ausus', quia inter incerta satis audacter salus speratur. ADFLICTIS 'de adflictis'; nec enim esse septimus casus potest. CONFIDERE ⟨et⟩ fido et confido datiuum regit, ut &quot;et fidere nocti&quot;. sane optima figura est quae numquam a principalitate discedit, ut &quot;atque humiles habitare casas&quot; accusatiuo iunxit, quia habeo domum dicimus, unde est habito frequentatiuum. {{ancora+|453|[[Aeneis/Liber I#453|453.]]}} {{sc|'''SUB'''}} TEMPLO hoc est in templo, ut supra. {{ancora+|454|[[Aeneis/Liber I#454|454.]]}} {{sc|'''REGINAM'''}} OPPERIENS aut quam intellegebat esse uenturam ex artificum festinatione: aut certe uidendae reginae occasionem requirens. QUAE FORTUNA felicitas. et 'quae' hic admirandi significatus. {{ancora+|455|[[Aeneis/Liber I#455|455.]]}} {{sc|'''ARTIFICVMQUE'''}} MANUS INTER SE hoc est, habebat artificum conparationem. 'inter se' autem inter se certantium, an aliquid tale. {{ancora+|456|[[Aeneis/Liber I#456|456.]]}} {{sc|'''EX'''}} ORDINE hoc loco ostendit omnem pugnam esse depictam, sed haec tantum dicit quae aut Diomedes gessit aut Achilles: per quod excusatur Aeneas, si est a fortibus uictus. sane pugna est temporale certamen, idem et proelium significat; bellum autem uniuersi temporis dicitur, ut Punicum, Mithridaticum. Sallustius &quot;ita sperat pugnam illam pro omni bello futuram&quot;. Liuius &quot;ni Pyrrhus unicus pugnandi artifex magisque in proelio, quam bello bonus&quot;. {{ancora+|457|[[Aeneis/Liber I#457|457.]]}} {{sc|'''TOTUM'''}} VVLGATA PER ORBEM quia Europa intulit, Asia passa est, Africa iam depingit. {{ancora+|458|[[Aeneis/Liber I#458|458.]]}} {{sc|'''ATRIDAS'''}} Atrei filios, Agamemnonem et Menelaum; sed usurpatum est, nam Plisthenis filii fuerunt. SAEVUM AMBOBUS ACHILLEM atqui tres dixit, sed Atridas pro uno accipe, quos unius partis constat fuisse. an 'ambobus' Agamemnoni tantum et Priamo? an ambobus exercitibus? Graecis propter suam de Briseide iniuriam, Troianis propter Helenam, et 'ambobus' pro utrisque arte hunc. 

[1,460] {{ancora+|460|[[Aeneis/Liber I#460|460.]]}} {{sc|'''PLENA'''}} LABORIS plenus genetiuo melius iungitur, ut Terentius &quot;plenus rimarum sum&quot;. Plautus &quot;dedecoris pleniorem&quot;. {{ancora+|461|[[Aeneis/Liber I#461|461.]]}} {{sc|'''EN'''}} PRIAMUS laus picturae est, per quam non imago, sed prope ipse ostenditur Priamus. SUNT HIC ETIAM SVA PRAEMIA LAVDI ut supra diximus, omnis Aeneae sollicitudo de moribus Afrorum est, quam nunc picturae contemplatione deponit. qui enim bella depingunt, et uirtutem diligunt et miseratione tanguntur. SVA id est congrua, ut &quot;strueremque suis altaria donis&quot;. LAVDI uirtuti, ut &quot;primam merui qui laude coronam&quot;. {{ancora+|462|[[Aeneis/Liber I#462|462.]]}} {{sc|'''MORTALIA'''}} aduersa, quibus constat subiacere mortales. alii mortales casus accipiunt, uel absolute g-ta g-anthrohpina. {{ancora+|463|[[Aeneis/Liber I#463|463.]]}} {{sc|'''SOLVE'''}} METUM collectio est. nam ubi uirtus praemia, aduersa miserationem merentur, rite formido deponitur. FERET pro adferet. et hic reddidit &quot;hoc primum in luco noua res oblata timorem leniit&quot;. {{ancora+|464|[[Aeneis/Liber I#464|464.]]}} {{sc|'''INANI'''}} epitheton est picturae, aut quia caret corporum quae imitatur plenitudine, aut quia nullius est utilitatis, sed tantum delectat; nam apud ueteres g-mataiotechnia uel g-pseudotechnia dicta est. 'pascit' autem delectat, ut &quot;non animum modo uti pascat prospectus inanem&quot;; uel ut quidam uolunt ad stupentis animum rettulit, qui uel inanibus commouebatur. {{ancora+|465|[[Aeneis/Liber I#465|465.]]}} {{sc|'''MULTA'''}} GEMENS graecum est g-polla g-stenazohn. LARGOQUE UMECTAT FLVMINE VVLTUM tapinosis est quia dixit 'umectat'. 'largo' nam 'flumine' est fluore, id est fluxu ipso. {{ancora+|466|[[Aeneis/Liber I#466|466.]]}} {{sc|'''PERGAMA'''}} CIRCUM abusiue; non enim circa Pergama, hoc est arcem, sed circa Troiam bella gerebantur. {{ancora+|467|[[Aeneis/Liber I#467|467.]]}} {{sc|'''TROIANAE'''}} IVVENTUS definitio est Hectoris, ut &quot;Catillusque acerque Coras, Argiua iuuentus&quot;. et re uera sic paene ubique Homerus ponit, ut Hectori tantum uel Achilli totus cedat exercitus. {{ancora+|468|[[Aeneis/Liber I#468|468.]]}} {{sc|'''HAC'''}} PHRYGES bene ubique Vergilius pro negotii qualitate dat Troianis et nomina. nam timidos Phrygas uocat, ut hoc loco, item &quot;o uere Phrygiae, neque enim Phryges&quot;; Dardanidas generosos, ut &quot;Dardanidae magni genus alto a sanguine diuum&quot;; Laomedontiadas perfidos, ut &quot;nondum Laomedonteae sentis periuria gentis&quot;; Troas fortes, ut &quot;Troes agunt, princeps turmas inducit Asilas&quot;; Hectoreos quoque fortes, ut &quot;nunc nunc insurgite remis, Hectorei socii&quot;. CRISTATUS ACHILLES secundum Homerum, qui dicit in Achillis cristis terribile quiddam fuisse. 'cristatus' autem participium est deriuatum a genere feminino. {{ancora+|469|[[Aeneis/Liber I#469|469.]]}} {{sc|'''NEC'''}} PROCUL HINC RHESI Rhesus rex Thraciae fuit, ⟨ut⟩ quidam tradunt Martis, ut alii Hebri uel Strymonis et Euterpes Musae filius: qui cum ad Troiae uenisset auxilia clausisque iam portis tentoria locauisset in litore, Dolone prodente Troiano, qui missus fuerat speculator, a Diomede et Vlixe est interfectus, qui et ipsi speculatum uenerant; abductique sunt equi, quibus pendebant fata Troiana, ut, si pabulo Troiano usi essent uel de Xantho Troiae fluuio bibissent, Troia perire non posset. 

[1,470] {{ancora+|470|[[Aeneis/Liber I#470|470.]]}} {{sc|'''PRIMO'''}} SOMNO prima parte noctis, ut &quot;libra die somnique pares ubi fecerit horas&quot;. aut 'primo somno', ut grauiorem ostenderet somnum; aut prima nocte, quia ante Rhesus in Troia non fuerat. {{ancora+|471|[[Aeneis/Liber I#471|471.]]}} {{sc|'''TYDIDES'''}} Diomedes. et bene Vlixen celat propter Aeneam, ut supra diximus, aut quia secundum Homerum occidente Diomede cadauera ulixes trahebat. {{ancora+|472|[[Aeneis/Liber I#472|472.]]}} {{sc|'''ARDENTES'''}} et candidos significat et ueloces, ut &quot;pernicibus ignea plantis&quot;. si ignea uelox est, sine dubio et ardens. {{ancora+|473|[[Aeneis/Liber I#473|473.]]}} {{sc|'''XANTHUM'''}} fluuium Troiae. {{ancora+|474|[[Aeneis/Liber I#474|474.]]}} {{sc|'''PARTE'''}} ALIA FUGIENS AMISSIS TROILUS ARMIS 'parte alia' scilicet templi. et ueritas quidem hoc habet: Troili amore Achillem ductum palumbes ei quibus ille delectabatur obiecisse: quas cum uellet tenere, captus ab Achille in eius amplexibus periit. sed hoc quasi indignum heroo carmine mutauit poeta. FUGIENS fugere uolens accepto iam uulnere. AMISSIS ARMIS uel aetatis inbecillitate, uel uulneris dolore incipientibus. {{ancora+|475|[[Aeneis/Liber I#475|475.]]}} {{sc|'''INFELIX'''}} multi hoc loco distinguunt et subiungunt 'puer atque inpar congressus Achilli', ut ex eo inparem ostendat, quod puer; sed tamen etiam si iungas 'puer', unus est sensus. ATQUE INPAR ac si diceret, etiam si puer non esset. CONGRESSUS ACHILLI congredior tibi antiqui dicebant, sicut pugno tibi, dimico tibi. hodie dicimus congredior tecum, pugno tecum, dimico tecum. {{ancora+|476|[[Aeneis/Liber I#476|476.]]}} {{sc|'''FERTVR'''}} EQUIS trahitur. CURRV curribus falcatis usos esse maiores et Liuius et Sallustius docent. potuerunt ergo et simplicibus. RESVPINUS resupinus quo modo hastam trahebat? sed intellegitur Achillis hastam transisse per pectus et a parte qua ferrum est a tergo trahi. INANI sine rectore; nam corpus haerebat. {{ancora+|477|[[Aeneis/Liber I#477|477.]]}} {{sc|'''LORA'''}} TENENS TAMEN quamquam mortuus. {{ancora+|478|[[Aeneis/Liber I#478|478.]]}} {{sc|'''VERSA'''}} tracta, ut Plautus &quot;inueniam omnia uersa, sparsa&quot;. uenit autem ab eo quod est uerror. INSCRIBITVR dilaceratur, ut Plautus &quot;corpus tuum uirgis ulmeis inscribam&quot;. HASTA hostili scilicet, quam sicut dictum est transfixus trahebat. {{ancora+|479|[[Aeneis/Liber I#479|479.]]}} {{sc|'''INTEREA'''}} dum haec geruntur. et satis opportune a matribus festinatur ad templum, ut alibi &quot;nec non ad templum summasque ad Palladis arces&quot;. INTEREA AD TEMPLUM cum Diomedes auxilio Mineruae plurimos Troianorum fudisset, Helenus, Priami filius, uates monuit, ut Mineruae numen exoraretur, et cum precibus deae ponerent uestem quam regina speciosissimam habebat, id est peplum, unde post Mineruae palla peplum appellata est. dea tamen, memor iudicii Paridis, Troianis infesta permansit. et mire in pictura temporali aduerbio quamuis non possit. NON AEQUAE id est iniquae, infestae. litotes figura est, ut alibi &quot;et uacuis Clanius non aequus acerris&quot;. 

[1,480] {{ancora+|480|[[Aeneis/Liber I#480|480.]]}} {{sc|'''PASSIS'''}} participium est ab eo quod est 'pandor'. ideo autem non facit 'pansus', quia plerumque 'n', quod in prima uerbi positione inuenitur, in praeterito participio non est. de qua re euphonia iudicat, ut ab eo quod est 'tundor' et 'tunsus' facit, ut &quot;tunsae pectora palmis&quot;, et 'tusus', ut &quot;non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni&quot;. sciendum tamen est, licet alia euphoniae causa uarientur uel in generibus uel in numeris, 'nactus' tamen et 'passus' 'n' penitus numquam accipere. PEPLVMQUE FEREBANT peplum proprie est palla picta feminea Mineruae consecrata, ut Plautus &quot;numquam ad ciuitatem uenio, nisi cum infertur peplum&quot;. hodie tamen multi abutuntur hoc nomine. {{ancora+|481|[[Aeneis/Liber I#481|481.]]}} {{sc|'''SUPPLICITER'''}} TRISTES ut decet rogantes. et bene addidit 'suppliciter', quia et per iracundiam, et per grauitatem, et per religionem, et per dolorem tristes sumus. SUPPLICITER TRISTES hoc est rogantes cum tristitia. TUNSAE PECTORA ut &quot;oculos suffusa&quot;. {{ancora+|482|[[Aeneis/Liber I#482|482.]]}} {{sc|'''AVERSA'''}} irata significat. nec enim poterat conuertere se simulacrum. sic alibi &quot;talia dicentem iamdudum auersa tuetur&quot; si tuetur, quomodo auersa, nisi iratam intellegas? ergo auersa ad animum refertur. {{ancora+|483|[[Aeneis/Liber I#483|483.]]}} {{sc|'''TER'''}} CIRCUM ILIACOS hoc ad Aeneam referendum est, qui sciebat. TER CIRCUM ILIACOS apud auctores multa ad sensum, non ad aspectum possunt referri. tertio enim tractum intellegere possumus, non in pictura conspicere. unde est et illud &quot;mulcere alternos et corpora fingere lingua&quot;. aut certe tale erat in pictura corpus, ut in eo appareret frequentis raptationis iniuria. sane huius rei ordo talis est. Patroclus cum iratum Achillem propter Briseidem sublatam ut aduersum Troianos pugnaret exorare non posset, petit ab eo arma quae Peleo Vulcanus fecerat; quibus indutus dum Achilles crederetur, fugatis Troianis omnibus etiam plurimos interemit, ipse uero ab Hectore occisus est. quo dolore Achilles conpulsus, inpetratis per matrem a Vulcano armis, Hectorem proelio superatum peremit, eiusque corpus ad currum religatum circa muros Ilii traxit, quod post placatus auro repensum Priamo reddidit. RAPTAVERAT bene forma usus est frequentatiua, per quam ostendit quod per numerum dixerat. {{ancora+|484|[[Aeneis/Liber I#484|484.]]}} {{sc|'''EXANIMUM'''}} exanimus et exanimis dicimus, sicut unanimus et unanimis, inermus et inermis. ergo pro nostro arbitrio aut secundae erunt declinationis, aut tertiae; sed a tertia ablatiuum singularem in i mittunt, quia communis sunt generis. exanimis autem est mortuus, ut hic indicat locus, exanimatus uero timens, ut &quot;exanimata sequens inpingeret agmina muris&quot;. VENDEBAT ingenti arte utitur uerbis: nam hoc loco, quia pingi potuit, praesens tempus posuit, superius, quia pingi non potuit, sed referri, perfecto exsecutus est tempore dicendo 'raptauerat', non 'raptabat'. {{ancora+|485|[[Aeneis/Liber I#485|485.]]}} {{sc|'''TUM'''}} VERO INGENTEM GEMITUM iam enim superius eum lacrimasse dixerat: hoc ergo addidit uisum Hectoris corpus, ut etiam grauiter gemeret. non ergo tum primum, sed tum maxime. {{ancora+|486|[[Aeneis/Liber I#486|486.]]}} {{sc|'''UT'''}} CURRUS quo tractus est. AMICI autem plus est, quam si Hectoris diceret. alibi &quot;paruumque patri tendebat Iulum&quot;, cum potuerit dicere 'mihi'. {{ancora+|487|[[Aeneis/Liber I#487|487.]]}} {{sc|'''MANUS'''}} INERMES aut sine sceptro, aut supplices, ut &quot;dextras tendamus inermes&quot;: quod tractum est de historia; qui enim se dedunt, inermes supplicant. aut re uera inermes tunc; contra Pyrrhum enim processit armatus. sane per transitum historiam tetigit, quia constat Priamum, cum ad supplicandum tentorium Achillis fuisset ingressus, dormientem Achillem excitauisse, ut pro filii corpore rogaret eum, cum eum potuisset occidere: licet hoc Homerus propter Achillis turpitudinem supprimat. {{ancora+|488|[[Aeneis/Liber I#488|488.]]}} {{sc|'''SE'''}} QUOQUE PRINCIPIBUS PERMIXTUM AGNOVIT ACHIVIS aut latenter proditionem tangit, ut supra diximus: ut excusatur ab ipso in secundo &quot;Iliaci cineres&quot; et cetera: aut uirtutem eius uult ostendere; nimiae enim fortitudinis est inter hostium tela uersari, ut Sallustius &quot;Catilina longe a suis inter hostilia cadauera repertus est&quot;. Cornutus tamen dicit uersu isto &quot;uadimus inmixti Danais&quot; hoc esse soluendum. {{ancora+|489|[[Aeneis/Liber I#489|489.]]}} {{sc|'''EOAS'''}} 'e' naturaliter longa est, fit tamen breuis interdum cum eam uocalis sequitur, ut &quot;primo surgebat Eoo&quot;. NIGRI MEMNONIS ARMA quia Tithonus, frater Laomedontis, raptus ab Aurora filium suum Memnonem ex ipsa progenitum, inlectus dono uitis aureae Priamo ad Troiae misit auxilia. qui congressus cum Achille ab eo est interemptus, cuius mortem mater Aurora hodieque matutino rore flere dicitur. 'nigri' autem dixit Aethiopis, unde prima consurgit Aurora. ARMA Vulcania, ut ille indicat uersus &quot;te potuit lacrimis Tithonia flectere coniunx&quot;. 

[1,490] {{ancora+|490|[[Aeneis/Liber I#490|490.]]}} {{sc|'''DUCIT'''}} AMAZONIDUM hoc est quod supra dixit &quot;uidet Iliacas ex ordine pugnas&quot;. Homerus enim haec omnia tacuit quae facta sunt post Hectoris mortem. 'Amazonidum' autem deriuatio est pro principalitate, sicut &quot;Scipiadas duros bello&quot; pro Scipionibus. sane Amazones dictae sunt uel quod simul uiuant sine uiris, quasi g-hama g-zosai, uel quod unam mammam exustam habeant, quasi g-aneu g-mazou. has autem iam non esse constat, utpote extinctas partim ab Hercule, partim ab Achille. PELTIS scutis breuissimis in modum lunae iam mediae. LUNATIS autem participium a feminino genere deriuatum. {{ancora+|491|[[Aeneis/Liber I#491|491.]]}} {{sc|'''PENTHESILEA'''}} FURENS furentem ideo dixit, quia sororem suam in uenatione confixit simulans se ceruam ferire. sed hoc per transitum tangit, nam furor bellicus intellegitur. an 'furens', quia maiora uiribus audebat. haec tamen Martis et Otreres filia fuit, quam Achilles cum aduersum se pugnantem peremisset post mortem eius adamauit eamque honorifice sepeliuit. 'ducit' autem et 'ardet' ad laudem picturae pertinet. {{ancora+|492|[[Aeneis/Liber I#492|492.]]}} {{sc|'''AVREA'''}} amphibolon est hoc loco, utrum ipsa aurea, an aurea cingula. sciendum tamen plerumque amphiboliam metri ratione dissolui, ut &quot;aurea composuit sponda&quot; Dido 'aurea': si enim ad spondam referas, non stat uersus. SUBNECTENS subnexa habens. EXERTAE nudatae; nudant enim quam adusserint mammam. {{ancora+|493|[[Aeneis/Liber I#493|493.]]}} {{sc|'''VIRGO'''}} et sexum ostendit et aetatem. VIRGO plus dixit, quam si feminam diceret. figuram tamen Graecam facit. {{ancora+|495|[[Aeneis/Liber I#495|495.]]}} {{sc|'''DUM'''}} STVPET aut absolute, aut dum haec stupet. OBTVTU aspectu. IN UNO in unoquoque, hoc est singula mirabatur. {{ancora+|496|[[Aeneis/Liber I#496|496.]]}} {{sc|'''FORMA'''}} ut &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. {{ancora+|497|[[Aeneis/Liber I#497|497.]]}} {{sc|'''INCESSIT'''}} ut &quot;incedunt pueri&quot;; sed hic 'interuenit'. STIPANTE CATERVA ad hoc tantum sequens pertinet comparatio, quam uituperant multi, nescientes exempla uel parabolas uel conparationes adsumptas non semper usquequaque congruere, sed interdum omni parte, interdum aliqua conuenire. {{ancora+|498|[[Aeneis/Liber I#498|498.]]}} {{sc|'''EVROTAE'''}} RIPIS fluuii Laconicae. CYNTHI montis Deli, in quo natam constat Dianam. sane Dianam ueteres ideo melius producebant, quia sub diuo dea sit uenandi gratia. {{ancora+|499|[[Aeneis/Liber I#499|499.]]}} {{sc|'''EXERCET'''}} DIANA CHOROS hoc non ad conparationem pertinet, sed est poeticae descriptionis euagatio, quia chori nec personis hic nec locis congruunt; saltantium enim et cantantium dicuntur. MILLE finitus numerus pro infinito; nam de nympharum numero uaria est opinio. 

[1,500] {{ancora+|500|[[Aeneis/Liber I#500|500.]]}} {{sc|'''OREADES'''}} nymphae montium Oreades dicuntur, siluarum Dryades, quae cum siluis nascuntur Amadryades, fontium Napeae uel Naides, maris uero Nereides. {{ancora+|502|[[Aeneis/Liber I#502|502.]]}} {{sc|'''TACITUM'''}} maior enim est taciturnitatis adfectus, ut supra &quot;haec secum&quot;. sic Terentius &quot;ut mecum tacita gaudeam&quot;. TACITUM pro tacite, ut &quot;tacitumque obsedit limen Amatae&quot;; aut tacita gaudet. PERTEMPTANT modo uehementer temptant. alibi leuiter, ut &quot;blanda uicissim gaudia pertemptant mentem&quot;. sunt enim multa quae pro locis intelleguntur, ut 'inpotens' et satis et minus et nihil potens significat. INSTANS OPERI zeugma est ad sequentia pertinens. {{ancora+|504|[[Aeneis/Liber I#504|504.]]}} {{sc|'''REGNISQUE'''}} FUTVRIS regnaturae Carthagini; nam ipsa iam regnabat. {{ancora+|505|[[Aeneis/Liber I#505|505.]]}} {{sc|'''TUM'''}} FORIBUS DIVAE instans praecipue foribus. et hoc loco distinguendum est; magno enim studio et labore templorum fores fiebant, quas quibusdam insignibant historiis, ut &quot;in foribus letum Androgei&quot;, item &quot;in foribus pugnam ex auro solidoque elephanto&quot;. quamuis quidam iungant 'tum foribus diuae media testudine templi', ut unum intellegas tectum templi et pronai: quod si est, sub medio tecto sunt fores. sed prima melior expositio est. TESTVDINE camera incurua, id est fornicata, quae secundum eos qui scripserunt de ratione templorum, ideo sic fit, ut simulacro caeli imaginem reddat, quod constat esse conuexum. quidam tradunt apud ueteres omnia templa in modum testudinis facta, at uero sequenti aetate diuinis simulacris positis, nihilominus in templis factas esse testudines, quod Varro ait, ut separatum esset, ubi metus esset, ubi religio administraretur. bene ergo, cum de templo loqueretur, addidit ei testudinem. idem Varro de lingua Latina ad Ciceronem &quot;in aedibus locus patulus relinquebatur sub diuo, qui si non erat relictus et contectus erat, appellabatur testudo&quot;. Cicero in Bruto &quot;commentatum in ⟨quadam testudine cum seruis litteratis fuisse⟩&quot;. quidam testudinem locum in parte atrii uolunt aduersum uenientibus. alii hunc ordinem uolunt 'tum foribus diuae templi resedit, media scutorum testudine', quia saepta armis erat. hoc sane genus fabricae ab animalis similitudine quae testudo uocatur captum est: de qua fabula talis est. uirgo quaedam nomine Chelone, linguae inpatientis fuit. uerum cum Iuppiter Iunonem sibi nuptiis iungeret, praecepit Mercurio, ut omnes deos et homines atque omnia animalia ad nuptias conuocaret. sed omnibus quos Mercurius monuerat conuenientibus, sola Chelone, irridens et derogans nuptiis, nectens moras adesse contempsit. quam cum Mercurius non uenisse notauisset, denuo descendit ad terras et aedes Chelones supra fluuium positas praecipitauit in fluuium ipsamque Chelonen in animal sui nominis uertit, quam nos Latine testudinem dicimus, fecitque, ut pro poena dorso tectum, uelut domum suam prona portaret: unde incuruatis aedificiis hoc nomen inpositum est. {{ancora+|506|[[Aeneis/Liber I#506|506.]]}} {{sc|'''SAEPTA'''}} ARMIS satellitum scilicet. uel ut quidam uolunt pro armatis, ut &quot;feta armis&quot;. SOLIO solium proprie est armarium uno ligno factum, in quo reges sedebant propter tutelam corporis sui, dictum quasi solidum. modo iam abusiue sellam regalem intellegimus. ALTE alto fulta suggestu. ac si diceret, in tribunali. SUBNIXA pro subnisa, ut supra diximus. alii pro innixa accipiunt. {{ancora+|507|[[Aeneis/Liber I#507|507.]]}} {{sc|'''IVRA'''}} DABAT LEGESQUE VIRIS ius generale est, sed lex iuris est species: non est ergo iteratio. et bene 'dabat'; primi enim Locri scriptis usi sunt legibus, nam superior aetas contenta fuit moribus. quod autem dixit 'uiris', ad Didonis pertinet laudem, et separatim enuntiandum, ut sit maior admiratio. {{ancora+|508|[[Aeneis/Liber I#508|508.]]}} {{sc|'''SORTE'''}} TRAHEBAT proprie locutus est; trahuntur enim sortes, hoc est educuntur. et bene tam regnantis quam aedificantis urbem inplere ostendit officium. {{ancora+|509|[[Aeneis/Liber I#509|509.]]}} {{sc|'''CONCURSU'''}} ACCEDERE MAGNO cum magna Afrorum multitudine. et hoc est quod formidat Aeneas, incertus qua eos mente comitentur. 

[1,510] {{ancora+|512|[[Aeneis/Liber I#512|512.]]}} {{sc|'''DISPVLERAT'''}} segregauerat. et magna est inter 'di' et 'de' differentia, ut diximus. PENITUS longe a regina remotos: quae res etiam insolentes custodes litorum facit. {{ancora+|513|[[Aeneis/Liber I#513|513.]]}} {{sc|'''OBSTIPVIT'''}} et ad mirationem et ad timorem hic pertinet sermo, quo dicenda praeoccupat. PERCVLSUS ad utrumque pertinet. {{ancora+|514|[[Aeneis/Liber I#514|514.]]}} {{sc|'''LAETITIAQUE'''}} METVQUE laetitia propter socios, metu propter concursum. uel quod incerti erant de uoluntate Didonis. AVIDI CONIVNGERE pro 'ut coniungerent', uel ad coniungendum auidi. {{ancora+|515|[[Aeneis/Liber I#515|515.]]}} {{sc|'''ARDEBANT'''}} cupiebant, ut &quot;formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexim&quot;. ardeo autem et accusatiuum regit et ablatiuum. RES INCOGNITA id est qua adfectione Poenorum populus conueniret. {{ancora+|516|[[Aeneis/Liber I#516|516.]]}} {{sc|'''DISSIMVLANT'''}} dissimulamus nota, simulamus ignota, ut Sallustius &quot;simulator ac dissimulator&quot;. {{ancora+|517|[[Aeneis/Liber I#517|517.]]}} {{sc|'''QUAE'''}} FORTUNA utrum prospera, an aduersa? et hic ostenditur, unde sit metus. {{ancora+|518|[[Aeneis/Liber I#518|518.]]}} {{sc|'''CUNCTI'''}} NAM LECTI NAVIBUS bene addidit 'lecti', ne penitus omnes intellegeres. nonnulli tamen 'lectis nauibus' legunt: quod et si sit, hypallage est, et illuc sensus recurrit. et sciendum, plerumque ut hoc loco addi aliquid generalitati et fieri specialitatem. item si dicas 'omnes scolastici laborant', generalitas est; si addas 'isti', fit specialitas, ut Sallustius &quot;transgressos omnis recipit mons Balleia&quot; prudenter addidit 'transgressos'. CUNCTI non idem significat quod omnes. Cicero saepe ait &quot;cuncti atque omnes&quot;, quia omnes non statim sunt cuncti, nisi idem simul sunt iuncti. {{ancora+|519|[[Aeneis/Liber I#519|519.]]}} {{sc|'''ORANTES'''}} VENIAM pacem propter incendium nauium. et proprie uerbum pontificale est: unde est &quot;tu modo posce deos ueniam&quot; et paulo post &quot;pacemque per aras exquirunt&quot;. dicta autem uenia ad eliciendam misericordiam; meretur enim beniuolentiam numinum qui, licet innocens sit, ueniam tamen tamquam peccauerit petit: unde est confessio illa in Terentio &quot;quid meritu's? crucem&quot;. ORANTES VENIAM uenia quidem pro culpa petitur, sed nunc beneficium. aliqui tamen ueniam pro inpunitate accipiunt, nam mox addidit 'prohibe infandos a nauibus ignes'. 

[1,520] {{ancora+|520|[[Aeneis/Liber I#520|520.]]}} {{sc|'''MAXIMUS'''}} ILIONEUS rebus omnibus maximus; nec enim aliquid addidit. ergo et aetate et honore et facundia et omni uirtute accipiunt. et non sine causa ipsum ubique inducit loquentem; ut enim Homerus dicit, Phorbas pater Ilionei semper Mercurio deo eloquentiae fauente pugnauit, ut Horatius &quot;Mercuri facunde nepos Atlantis&quot;. merito ergo huic datur eloquentia. PLACIDO SIC PECTORE COEPIT more suo uno sermone habitum futurae orationis expressit. bene ergo 'placido', ne timore consternatus uideretur, quem ideo aetate maximum et patientem ostendit, ut ei auctoritas et de aetate et de moribus crescat. ergo 'placido' ad placandum apto; et definitio est oratoris, qui talem se debet componere, qualem uult iudicem reddere. {{ancora+|522|[[Aeneis/Liber I#522|522.]]}} {{sc|'''O'''}} REGINA secundum artem rhetoricam id ei dat quod uult inpetrare. nam eam per laudem beniuolam reddidit. quae beniuolentia in principiis controuersiarum secundum praecepta rhetorica quattuor modis conciliatur: a iudicum persona, a nostra, ab aduersariorum, a re ipsa. quod hic inuenitur: a iudicum persona 'o regina nouam c- c- I- u-', a sua persona 'Troes te miseri' et cetera, ab aduersariorum 'quod genus hoc hominum', a re ipsa 'hospitio prohibemur harenae'. post praeparatam igitur beniuolentiam et ex sua persona miseratione commota adhibet preces 'prohibe infandos a nauibus i- p- p- g- e- p- r- a-' an possint? 'non ea uis animo n- t- s- u-' quo ergo ibatis? 'est locus Hesperiam G- c- d-' et cur huc uenistis? 'cum subito adsurgens f- n-. O-' ne autem possint timeri, ait 'pauci uestris adnauimus oris'. an gratiam referant? 'officio nec te certasse priorem paeniteat'. quod autem Aeneam laudat, occulte etiam terrorem incutit dicendo 'nec bello maior et armis'. dicit etiam esse qui uindicent, si fiat iniuria 'sunt et Siculis regionibus u- a- q- T- q- a- s- c- A-' an recessuri sint? 'quassatam uentis liceat subd- c-' et subiunxit, etiamsi regem amisimus et Italiam non petimus, tamen ad Siciliam necessario discedemus 'si datur Italiam s- e- reliqua. sin absumpta salus e- t- p- o- T- p- h- L- n- s- i- r- I- at freta Sicaniae saltem'. NOVAM URBEM iuxta Poenorum opinionem dixit, qui nouam ciuitatem Carthaginem dicunt. {{ancora+|523|[[Aeneis/Liber I#523|523.]]}} {{sc|'''IVSTITIA'''}} bene considerauit sexum; nec enim 'uirtute' poterat dicere. GENTES non Carthaginiensium, sed circumiacentium barbarorum. FRENARE continere, ut contra et &quot;Numidae infreni cingunt&quot;. {{ancora+|524|[[Aeneis/Liber I#524|524.]]}} {{sc|'''TROES'''}} TE MISERI tacitis occurrit quaestionibus, ne ad populationem uenisse uideantur more qui tunc uigebat. et uidetur aliud ad dignitatem, aliud ad miserationem protulisse. VENTIS MARIA OMNIA VECTI per maria. et est contra illud, sicut dictum est, cur ad Africam uenerint. {{ancora+|526|[[Aeneis/Liber I#526|526.]]}} {{sc|'''PARCE'''}} PIO GENERI quotiens inuidiosae sunt praesentes personae, rhetoricum est ad alias confugere, ut hoc loco confugit ad genus. ET PROPIUS uicinius scilicet, ut tamquam uicti accipiantur, non tales omnes credantur, qualis Paris fuit in Spartae expugnatione raptuque Helenae. nam historiae hoc habet ueritas, non uoluntate Helenam secutam, sed expugnata raptam ciuitate, unde et recipi meruit a marito. tangit autem hoc latenter Vergilius illo loco &quot;me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnauit adulter&quot;. ergo bene non nos, sed res nostras dixit. {{ancora+|527|[[Aeneis/Liber I#527|527.]]}} {{sc|'''POPVLARE'''}} quia apud ueteres haec erat maxime causa nauigandi. sane antiqui et populo et populor dicebant, unde est 'populare' et &quot;populatque ingentem farris aceruum curculio&quot;. nunc tamen passiua tantum utimur declinatione. quidam 'populare' pro ad populandum uel pro populatum accipiunt. VERTERE pro aduertere. {{ancora+|529|[[Aeneis/Liber I#529|529.]]}} {{sc|'''NON'''}} EA VIS ANIMO argumentum ab inpossibili sicut dictum est, ut &quot;quid Troes potuere?&quot; 'uis' autem est possibilitas. NON EA VIS ANIMO id est, nec uolumus nec possumus. 

[1,530] {{ancora+|530|[[Aeneis/Liber I#530|530.]]}} {{sc|'''EST'''}} LOCUS conparatione orbis totius Italia locus est; nam prouincia locus non potest dici. minus est autem 'quam' uel 'quem locum', ut &quot;urbs antiqua fuit&quot;. aut ideo 'locus', ut ostendat paruo posse esse contentos. HESPERIAM Hesperiae duae sunt, una quae Hispania dicitur, altera quae est in Italia. quae hac ratione discernuntur: aut enim Hesperiam solam dicis et significas Italiam, aut addis 'ultimam' et significas Hispaniam, quae in occidentis est fine, ut Horatius &quot;qui nunc Hesperia sospes ab ultima&quot;. et haec est uera Hesperia, ab Hespero dicta, id est stella occidentali. ceterum Italia Hesperia dicitur a fratre Atlantis, qui pulsus a germano Italiam tenuit eique nomen pristinae regionis inposuit, ut Hyginus docet. GRAI COGNOMINE DICUNT bene 'Grai', ut et ipsa cognoscat, sicut in octauo &quot;Electra, ut Grai perhibent, Atlantide cretus&quot;. {{ancora+|531|[[Aeneis/Liber I#531|531.]]}} {{sc|'''ANTIQUA'''}} nobilis; nec enim noua esse potest, licet primam terram suam esse dicant Athenienses. POTENS ARMIS dicendo 'potens armis', Troianos laudauit, ut ostenderet, non se bellicosam timere prouinciam. UBERE GLEBAE 'uber' proprie est fecunditas. et bene Italiae uirtutem fecunditatemque conlaudat, ne Africam petisse uideantur. {{ancora+|532|[[Aeneis/Liber I#532|532.]]}} {{sc|'''OENOTRI'''}} COLVERE VIRI deest 'quam'. Oenotria autem dicta est uel a uino optimo, quod in Italia nascitur, uel ut Varro dicit ab Oenotro, rege Sabinorum quia alii partem Italiae Oenotriam tradunt ex Arcadia profectum in Italiam uenisse cum Pelasgis et eam sibi cognominem fecisse. FAMA subaudimus 'est'. MINORES maiores et minores quotiens de genere dicimus numeri sunt tantum pluralis. {{ancora+|533|[[Aeneis/Liber I#533|533.]]}} {{sc|'''ITALIAM'''}} Italus rex Siciliae ad eam partem uenit in qua regnauit Turnus, quam a suo nomine appellauit Italiam: unde est &quot;fines super usque Sicanos&quot; non usque ad Siciliam; nec enim poterat fieri; sed usque ad ea loca, quae tenuerunt Sicani, id est Siculi a Sicano, Itali fratre. alii Italiam a bubus quibus est Italia fertilis, quia Graeci boues g-italous, nos uitulos dicimus; alii a rege Ligurum Italo; alii ab aduena Molossio; alii a Corcyreo; alii a Veneris filio, rege Lucanorum; alii a quodam augure, qui cum Siculis in haec loca uenerit quamque his regionem inaugurauerit; plures atare tenari nepote desatura Minois, regis Cretensium, filia Italiam dictam. {{ancora+|534|[[Aeneis/Liber I#534|534.]]}} {{sc|'''HIC'''}} CURSUS uel iste cursus, uel pro illuc. et cursus uerbum nauticum est, ut &quot;hunc cursum Iliacas uento tenuisse carinas&quot;. {{ancora+|535|[[Aeneis/Liber I#535|535.]]}} {{sc|'''CUM'''}} SUBITO si 'subito fluctu', nomen est, si per se 'subito', aduerbium. CUM SUBITO ADSVRGENS FLUCTU NIMBOSUS ORION Oenopion rex cum liberos non haberet, a Ioue Neptuno Mercurioque, uel ut quidam tradunt, non Neptuno, sed Marte, quos hospitio susceperat, hortantibus, ut ab his aliquid postularet, petiit, ut sibi concederent liberos. illi intra corium immolati sibi bouis urina facta praeceperunt, ut obrutum terra conpletis maternis mensibus solueretur. quo facto inuentus est puer, cui nomen ab urina inpositum est, ut Ourion diceretur, quod Dorica lingua commutatum est, ut ou diphthongus in o conuerteretur. quod autem plerumque prima syllaba breuis inuenitur, ut hoc loco, cum sit naturaliter longa, Graecae rationis est; nam detractio fit u litterae et o remanet breuis, quo modo &quot;g-ourea g-te g-skioenta&quot; pro orea, g-poiehson pro g-poehson. et hoc, quia aut o est naturaliter longa, aut ou diphthongus; ceterum si sit in proprio nomine dichronos, ut omnes Latinae sunt, propriorum nominum abutemur licentia, ut in artibus lectum est. Orion ergo postea uenator factus, uelut trium parentum uiribus fisus, dum uellet cum Diana concumbere, ut Horatius dicit, eius sagittis occisus est, ut Lucanus, inmisso scorpione periit, et deorum miseratione relatus in sidera signum famosum tempestatibus fecit. ueri similius autem est a scorpione interemptum, quo oriente occidit, quia et scorpionem tamquam ultorem pudicitiae Diana inter sidera collocauit: cuius chelae amputatae aliud signum fecerunt; nam ipsae sunt libra. sane ipse Orion magnitudine sua multis oritur diebus, et ideo eius etiam apud peritos est incerta tempestas: unde dictum est 'cum subito adsurgens' ad excusationem non praeuisae tempestatis. et multi superfluo quaerunt, cur ortus commemoretur Orionis, cum sit inmissa a Iunone tempestas. sed Ilioneus ista non nouit quae a poeta supra dicta sunt, per musam, ut diximus, cognita. et constat numina nisi inuenta occasione nocere non posse: quod in omni suo opere Vergilius diligenter obseruat. bene autem 'nimbosus', qui et ortu suo et occasu tempestates conmouet, sicut ait Horatius &quot;qua tristis Orion cadit&quot;; et quia hoc signum ibi est, ubi Hyades circa frontem Tauri. {{ancora+|536|[[Aeneis/Liber I#536|536.]]}} {{sc|'''IN'''}} VADA CAECA incognita, latentia. PROCACIBUS AVSTRIS perseuerantibus. et procax proprie petax est, nam procare est petere, unde et proci petitores dicuntur. alii 'procacibus' inpudentibus tradunt. {{ancora+|537|[[Aeneis/Liber I#537|537.]]}} {{sc|'''PERQUE'''}} UNDAS SUPERANTE SALO eleuato mari et in undas diuiso, ut solet in tempestate. 'salo' autem uenit ab eo quod est hoc salum sali, nam &quot;sale tabentes&quot; ab eo quod est hic sal salis. PERQUE INVIA SAXA 'inuia', id est aspera, inmania. unde et Dido paulo post 'quae uis inmanibus adplicat oris'? non enim suos uituperat, sed naturam litoris culpat. {{ancora+|538|[[Aeneis/Liber I#538|538.]]}} {{sc|'''HUC'''}} PAUCI uult intellegi, ut quidam tradunt, superesse et alios qui sunt in futuro uindices, si isti fuerint laesi; nam hoc est quod ait 'dispulit', id est dispersit. ADNAVIMUS ORIS elegit uerbum aptum naufragio ad eliciendam misericordiam: quamuis et de nauibus 'natat' lectum sit, ut &quot;natat uncta carina&quot;. ADNAVIMUS adnatauimus per syncopen, quotiens syllaba de medio subtrahitur. et bene 'adnauimus', quasi uix et opportune. {{ancora+|539|[[Aeneis/Liber I#539|539.]]}} {{sc|'''QUOD'''}} GENUS HOC HOMINUM? rhetorice uituperaturus mores non ad Didonem loquitur, sed ad tertiam se confert personam. QUAEVE HVNC TAM BARBARA MOREM P- P- bene mores accusat terrae, ut humanitas patriae potius esse uideatur. 

[1,540] {{ancora+|540|[[Aeneis/Liber I#540|540.]]}} {{sc|'''HOSPITIO'''}} PROHIBEMVR HARENAE ut alibi &quot;litusque rogamus&quot;; occupantis est enim possessio litoris. unde ostenduntur crudeles qui etiam a communibus prohibeant. HOSPITIO PROHIBEMVR HARENAE ut alibi &quot;litusque rogamus innocuum&quot;. litus enim iure gentium commune omnibus fuit et occupantis solebat eius esse possessio. Cicero in Rosciana &quot;nam quid est tam commune, quam spiritus uiuis, terra mortuis, mare fluctuantibus, litus eiectis?&quot; unde ostenduntur crudeles qui etiam a communibus prohibeant. {{ancora+|541|[[Aeneis/Liber I#541|541.]]}} {{sc|'''BELLA'''}} CIENT id est mouent. et bene 'cient' et 'uetant' permanet in tertia persona, ne eos in hoc barbaros et inmites appellare uideatur. sane in principio modestius, hic iam commotius. PRIMAQUE VETANT CONSISTERE TERRA id est in litore, ut alibi &quot;tuque o, cui prima frementem fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti&quot;. {{ancora+|542|[[Aeneis/Liber I#542|542.]]}} {{sc|'''MORTALIA'''}} ARMA mortalem possibilitatem. sane arma etiam consilia significant, ut &quot;quaerere conscius arma&quot;. sed hoc loco terret latenter propter Siciliam; nam et paulo post ait 'sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes', cum unam habeant in qua Acestes regnat: sed ad terrorem 'urbes' posuit. TEMNITIS autem pro contempnitis per aphaeresin dictum, quae est cum prima uerbi syllaba detrahitur. alii 'mortalia arma' pro humanitate accipiunt. {{ancora+|543|[[Aeneis/Liber I#543|543.]]}} {{sc|'''AT'''}} SPERATE DEOS abusiue 'timete', ut alibi &quot;hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem&quot;, cum speremus bona, timeamus aduersa. ueteres tamen sperare dicebant deorum auxilia spectare. Plautus in milite &quot;deos sperabo, teque postremo tamen&quot;, in Casina &quot;diis sum fretus, deos sperauimus&quot;. sane opportune post blanda principia ista ponuntur; prodest enim nonnumquam subtiliter obiurgare quem roges. MEMORES FANDI ATQUE NEFANDI iusti et iniusti. et bene 'memores', quia etiamsi non statim puniant crimina, sunt tamen memores, ut Horatius &quot;raro antecedentem scelestum deseruit pede poena claudo&quot;. et dicendo 'fandi atque nefandi' significat 'prout meriti fueritis'. {{ancora+|544|[[Aeneis/Liber I#544|544.]]}} {{sc|'''REX'''}} ERAT bene medio uerbo usus est 'erat', ne si 'fuit' dixisset, fiduciam abiecisse uideretur. {{ancora+|545|[[Aeneis/Liber I#545|545.]]}} {{sc|'''NEC'''}} PIETATE FUIT multum interest inter iustitiam et pietatem; nam pietas pars iustitiae est, sicut seueritas. nunc ergo hoc dicit, qua parte sit iustus, id est pietate. et bene duo laudat in Aenea: pietatem, quam a Didone inpetrare contendit, et uirtutem, quam uult timeri. QUO IVSTIOR ALTER NEC PIETATE FUIT NEC BELLO MAIOR ET ARMIS qui et beneficium referre potest, et uindicare. BELLO MAIOR ET ARMIS non est iteratio; nam bellum et consilium habet, 'arma' tantum in actu ipso sunt. BELLO MAIOR ET ARMIS hoc est scientia rei militaris et uiribus dimicandi, ut aliud ⟨sit⟩ animi, aliud corporis. {{ancora+|546|[[Aeneis/Liber I#546|546.]]}} {{sc|'''QUEM'''}} SI FATA VIRUM SERVANT unum sensum in tres partes diuisit, et potuit reprehendi idem dixisse, nisi ostenderet eum libenter uoto suo inmorari. tale est illud &quot;si numina uestra incolumem Pallanta mihi&quot; et cetera. SI VESCITVR AVRA uescor illa re, ut alibi &quot;uescitur Aeneas simul et Troiana iuuentus perpetui tergo bouis et lustralibus extis&quot;. nec nos decipiat quod dicit Plinius, ut elocutiones ex similibus formemus; nam ecce comedo illam rem dicimus, nec tamen uescor illam rem. et ipse enim dicit non usquequaque hoc esse faciendum. SI VESCITVR AVRA uerbum inchoatiuum sine praeterito tempore et quod a se nascitur. sane hic 'uescitur' pro fruitur posuit; nam non comedit auram, sed uiuit ea. {{ancora+|547|[[Aeneis/Liber I#547|547.]]}} {{sc|'''AETHERIA'''}} AVRA quia animum aere, corpus cibo potione et ceteris diligenter nutrimus. {{ancora+|548|[[Aeneis/Liber I#548|548.]]}} {{sc|'''NON'''}} METUS hoc loco distinguendum est. cuius autem rei, ex sequentibus probat; nam uult eam non timere, ne inaniter praestet. alii 'non metus officio' legunt et hunc sensum dicunt: non metuo pro officio nostro, id est non timeo, ne non sit unde satisfaciamus officio ac parem gratiam reddamus. OFFICIO NEC TE CERTASSE PRIOREM PAENITEAT nec tibi parum uideatur prima beneficia praestitisse, cum possis maiora recipere. nam 'paeniteat' parum uideatur est, ut in heauton timorumeno &quot;at enim quantum hic operis fiat paenitet&quot;, hoc est parum uidetur. sane 'certasse' quidam prouocasse accipiunt, ut Terentius &quot;beneficiis si certasset audisset bene&quot;. officium autem est, quod Graeci g-to g-kathekon appellant. Cicero de Marcello &quot;noli igitur in conseruandis bonis uiris defetigari, non cupiditate praesertim aliqua aut prauitate lapsis, sed opinione officii stulta fortasse, certe non inproba&quot;. {{ancora+|549|[[Aeneis/Liber I#549|549.]]}} {{sc|'''SUNT'''}} ET SICVLIS REGIONIBUS URBES id est gratiam reddere possumus: arma latenter minatur. 

[1,550] {{ancora+|550|[[Aeneis/Liber I#550|550.]]}} {{sc|'''TROIANOQUE'''}} A SANGUINE CLARUS ACESTES cum Laomedon promissam murorum mercedem Neptuno et Apollini denegasset, Neptunus iratus Troiae inmisit cetos quod eam uastaret. unde Apollo consultus, cum et ipse irasceretur, contraria respondit dicens, obiciendas puellas nobiles beluae. quod cum fieret timens Hippotes quidam nobilis filiae Egestae, cum Laomedontis regis Hesiona iam esset orta seditione religata, inpositam eam naui misit quo fors tulisset. haec ad Siciliam delata a Crimisso fluuio, quem Crinisum Vergilius poetica licentia uocat, conuerso in ursum uel canem conpressa edidit Acesten, qui ex matris nomine ciuitatem Troianis condidit, quae hodie Segesta nominatur. TROIANOQUE A SANGUINE CLARUS ACESTES bene Troiano, ut necesse habeat si passi fuerint iniuriam uindicare, quod in principio bene tacuit. de Aceste autem fabula talis. cum Laomedon promissam murorum mercedem Neptuno et Apollini denegasset, Neptunus iratus Troiae inmisit cetos per quod uicina litoris uastarentur. unde Apollo consultus, cum et ipse irasceretur, contraria respondit dicens obiciendas puellas nobiles beluae. quod cum saepe fieret et Laomedontis Hesiona iam esset ad scopulum orta seditione religata, non nulli parentes peregre mittere filias quam domi perdere maluerunt; nam alii auehendas mercatoribus tradiderunt. timens Hippotes uel ipsostratus filiam Egestam inpositam naui misit quo fors tulisset. haec ad Siciliam uentis delata a Crimisso fluuio, quem Crinisum Vergilius poetica licentia uocat, conuerso in ursum, uel ut quidam uolunt in canem, conpressa edidit Egestum, quem Vergilius Acestem uocat, qui matris nomine ciuitatem Troianis condidit, quae ante Egesta post Segesta nominata est. {{ancora+|551|[[Aeneis/Liber I#551|551.]]}} {{sc|'''QUASSATAM'''}} VENTIS quamuis sit iusta petitio, tamen prope inuidiose ostendit, quam sit res quam petit exigua. SUBDUCERE in terram trahere, hoc est subductam curare. deducere autem in mare mittere, ut &quot;deducunt naues socii&quot;. {{ancora+|552|[[Aeneis/Liber I#552|552.]]}} {{sc|'''APTARE'''}} aptas legere. legitur et 'optare', sed utrumque eligere significat. uel 'aptare' adiungere uel adfigere, ut &quot;stellis ardentibus aptum&quot;. STRINGERE REMOS aut defrondare, ut &quot;agricolae stringunt frondes&quot;, aut 'fractos stringere remos', id est ligare, quia supra dixerat &quot;franguntur remi&quot;. {{ancora+|553|[[Aeneis/Liber I#553|553.]]}} {{sc|'''SOCIIS'''}} ET REGE RECEPTO syllepsis per numeros, ut &quot;hic illius arma, hic currus fuit&quot;. {{ancora+|554|[[Aeneis/Liber I#554|554.]]}} {{sc|'''SIN'''}} ABSVMPTA SALUS hoc est, si periit Aeneas, qui Troianorum salus est. PATER OPTIME mira laus, cum et patrem et optimum dicit. {{ancora+|556|[[Aeneis/Liber I#556|556.]]}} {{sc|'''NEC'''}} SPES IAM RESTAT IVLI bene de Ascanio spem dicit propter aetatem, ut &quot;Ascanium surgentem&quot; et &quot;spes surgentis Iuli&quot;. sane et hic tribus inmoratur quae metuit, ut supra in uoto. {{ancora+|557|[[Aeneis/Liber I#557|557.]]}} {{sc|'''AT'''}} FRETA SICANIAE bene recessuros se dicunt. 'freta' autem, quia freto a Sicilia diuiditur Italia. sane quidam a feruore dici putant. et Sicanos quidam autochthonas tradunt, quidam ex Hiberia profugos de nomine fluminis Sicoris, quem reliquerant, Sicaniam nominasse. SEDESQUE PARATAS propter Acestis cognationem. {{ancora+|558|[[Aeneis/Liber I#558|558.]]}} {{sc|'''REGEM'''}} aut qui nunc rex est, aut qui etiam noster futurus est. {{ancora+|559|[[Aeneis/Liber I#559|559.]]}} {{sc|'''TALIBUS'''}} ILIONEUS aut subaudis 'loquebatur', aut ex posterioribus 'fremebant' intellegis. ORE FREMEBANT hoc est consentiebant. et bene 'ore', quia et armis possumus fremere. ORE FREMEBANT aut probantes Ilionei dicta aut rogantes Didonem. 

[1,560] {{ancora+|560|[[Aeneis/Liber I#560|560.]]}} {{sc|'''DARDANIDAE'''}} haec hemistichia Vergilius nominabat, quae in emendando carmine fuerat repleturus. {{ancora+|561|[[Aeneis/Liber I#561|561.]]}} {{sc|'''TUM'''}} BREVITER DIDO atqui non breuiter loquitur. sed breue et longum, paruum et magnum perfectum nihil habent, sed per conparationem intelleguntur, ut supra de prouincia &quot;est locus&quot; orbis, ut diximus, conparatione. item hoc loco 'breuiter', id est minus, quam Ilioneus. et notandum regum esse breuiloquium, ut multis in Vergilio locis probatur, feminarum uerecundiam: unde utrumque dedit Didoni. VVLTUM DEMISSA nota figura est, ut &quot;oculos suffusa nitentes&quot;. dicendo autem 'uultum demissa' aliud genus officii adiecit. {{ancora+|562|[[Aeneis/Liber I#562|562.]]}} {{sc|'''SOLVITE'''}} CORDE METUM TEUCRI sicut supra Iouis oratio, partim obiecta purgat partim petita promittit. sciendum sane, quia cum petuntur uel promittuntur aliqua, a ualidissimis inchoandum est, ut hoc loco. et est genus argumenti a necessario. SOLVITE CORDE METUM TEUCRI qui pollicetur statim debet promittere, tunc subiungere si qua uult, ne exspectatione suspensus detineatur auditor. nam et in Aeoli oratione statim promittit. SECLVDITE CURAS iteratio est ad augmentum beniuolentiae, hoc est, ad confirmandum supplicum animum. 'secludite' uero pro excludite: quod fit aut propter hiatum, aut propter suauitatem, ut a, &quot;silice in nuda conixa reliquit&quot; pro enixa. {{ancora+|563|[[Aeneis/Liber I#563|563.]]}} {{sc|'''RES'''}} DVRA ac si diceret 'est quiddam'. et duo formidat: uicinos barbaros et fratris aduentum, quae propter nouitatem personarum generaliter dicens reliquit. RES DVRA oportebat ex aliqua parte enuntiari domus calamitatem. uel ideo 'res dura', quod femina est. ET REGNI NOVITAS quae semper habet timorem. {{ancora+|564|[[Aeneis/Liber I#564|564.]]}} {{sc|'''MOLIRI'''}} bene non facere, sed 'moliri', ut terroris sit, non crudelitatis. {{ancora+|565|[[Aeneis/Liber I#565|565.]]}} {{sc|'''QUIS'''}} GENUS AENEADUM satis propere dixit Aeneadas, quamquam ab Ilioneo audierit 'rex erat Aeneas nobis', nec haec in opere inemendato miranda sunt. quamuis alii prolepsim uelint esse. TROIAE NESCIAT URBEM aut Ilium dicit, quod in Troia est, aut 'Troiae urbem', ut &quot;urbem Pataui, urbem Buthroti&quot;. {{ancora+|566|[[Aeneis/Liber I#566|566.]]}} {{sc|'''INCENDIA'''}} BELLI id est uim; semper enim diluuio et incendio conparat bellum, ut &quot;in segetem ueluti cum flamma furentibus austris incidit aut rapidus montano gurgite torrens&quot;. INCENDIA BELLI aut ardorem simpliciter belli, quia semper diluuio et incendio et tempestati conparat bellum, ut &quot;in segetem ueluti cum flamma f- a- i- aut rapidus montano flumine torrens&quot; et alibi &quot;saeuis effusa Mycenis tempestas ierit&quot;: aut potest subtilius dictum accipi, quod Ilium conflagrauit incendio. {{ancora+|567|[[Aeneis/Liber I#567|567.]]}} {{sc|'''NON'''}} OBTVSA ADEO aut non multum, uel ualde, ut in Terentio &quot;adulescentem adeo nobilem&quot; et &quot;si adeo digna res est, ubi tu neruos intendas tuos&quot;: aut 'non adeo', ut tu dicis, ut Troianorum famam ignoremus. 'obtusa' uero stulta, id est crudelia, ut merito Sol equos suos ab ista urbe deuertat. {{ancora+|568|[[Aeneis/Liber I#568|568.]]}} {{sc|'''NEC'''}} TAM AVERSUS EQUOS TYRIA SOL IVNGIT AB URBE fabula quidem hoc habet: Atreum et Thyestem germanos, cum in dissensione sibi nocere non possent, in simulatam gratiam redisse: qua occasione Thyestes cum fratris uxore concubuit, Atreus uero ei filium epulandum adposuit: quae Sol ne uidendo pollueretur, aufugit. sed ueritatis hoc est: Atreum apud Mycenas primum solis eclipsin inuenisse, cui inuidens frater ex urbe discessit tempore quo eius probata sunt dicta. NEC TAM A- E- T- S- I- A- V- hoc est non in alio orbe habitamus. {{ancora+|569|[[Aeneis/Liber I#569|569.]]}} {{sc|'''SEV'''}} VOS HESPERIAM MAGNAM g-megaleh enim g-Hellas appellata est Italia, quia a Tarento usque ad Cumas omnes ciuitates Graeci condiderunt. 

[1,570] {{ancora+|570|[[Aeneis/Liber I#570|570.]]}} {{sc|'''SIVE'''}} ERYCIS FINES Eryx Veneris et Butae, uel ut quidam uolunt Neptuni filius fuit, qui praepotens uiribus aduenas caestibus prouocabat uictosque perimebat. hic occisus ab Hercule monti ex sepultura sua nomen inposuit: in quo matris fecerat templum, quod Aeneae adscribit poeta dicens &quot;tum uicina astris Erycino in uertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae&quot;. in hoc autem monte dicitur etiam Anchises sepultus, licet secundum Catonem ad Italiam uenerit. ERYCIS FINES id est Siciliam. {{ancora+|571|[[Aeneis/Liber I#571|571.]]}} {{sc|'''AVXILIO'''}} TUTOS DIMITTAM non sine ordine poeta inducit Didonem et credentem ignotis et tam facile tanta promittentem; si enim bene aduertatur, de illo loco pendet &quot;in primis regina quietum accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam&quot;. {{ancora+|572|[[Aeneis/Liber I#572|572.]]}} {{sc|'''VVLTIS'''}} ET HIS deest 'uel si'. {{ancora+|573|[[Aeneis/Liber I#573|573.]]}} {{sc|'''URBEM'''}} QUAM STATVO VESTRA EST multi antiptosin uolunt, accusatiuum pro nominatiuo, ut sit pro 'urbs quam statuo uestra est'. sed si sic intellegamus, 'quam' nihilominus sequitur et syllepsis fit per casus mutationem; debuit enim dicere 'urbs quae statuitur uestra est'. melius ergo est 'uultis' bis intellegere, ut sit 'uultis regnis considere? uultis urbem quam statuo? uestra est', ut est &quot;eruet ille Argos Agamemnoniasque Mycenas ipsumque Aeaciden&quot;: subaudis 'ille'. alter enim Pyrrhum uicit, alter Mycenas. item &quot;non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco&quot;. URBEM QUAM STATVO VESTRA EST hoc schema de antiquioribus sumptum possumus accipere; ait enim Cato in legem Voconiam &quot;agrum quem uir habet tollitur&quot; et Terentius &quot;eunuchum quem dedisti nobis, quas turbas dedit&quot;. {{ancora+|574|[[Aeneis/Liber I#574|574.]]}} {{sc|'''AGETVR'''}} regetur. {{ancora+|575|[[Aeneis/Liber I#575|575.]]}} {{sc|'''ATQUE'''}} UTINAM dicendo 'utinam' et humanitatem suam ostendit et Aeneae se cupidam. NOTO COMPVLSUS EODEM aut quouis uento, aut re uera Noto, qui de syrtibus Carthaginem ducit; supra enim Ilioneus &quot;in uada caeca tulit penitusque procacibus austris&quot;. EODEM 'o' naturaliter longa est, sed si corripiatur metri est, ut &quot;steteruntque comae&quot;. {{ancora+|576|[[Aeneis/Liber I#576|576.]]}} {{sc|'''ADFORET'''}} adueniat; temporis est futuri. EQUIDEM in omni Vergilio 'ego quidem' significat, sed in aliis et pro 'quidem' tantum ponitur, ut Tullius &quot;equidem ego ceteras tempestates&quot;. item Persius &quot;non equidem hoc dubites amborum foedere certo consentire dies&quot;. CERTOS aut ueloces, aut fideles; utrumque enim hoc loco significat. aliquando et firmos, uel fortes, ut Sallustius &quot;apud latera certos locauerat&quot;, ut Vergilius &quot;tam certa tulistis pectora&quot;. aliquando et deliberati iudicii, ut &quot;certus iter&quot;. CERTOS qui cito inueniant. contrario incertos pro tardis. Sallustius &quot;et onere turrium incertis nauibus&quot;. {{ancora+|577|[[Aeneis/Liber I#577|577.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} LIBYAE g-katachrehstikos nam Dido Libyae regna non retinet. ET LIBYAE LUSTRARE E- I- ut ostendat uoluntatem et libenter se misisse, qui Aeneam quaererent. {{ancora+|578|[[Aeneis/Liber I#578|578.]]}} {{sc|'''EIECTUS'''}} naufragus, ut &quot;eiectum litore egentem&quot;. {{ancora+|579|[[Aeneis/Liber I#579|579.]]}} {{sc|'''ANIMUM'''}} ARRECTI nota figura est. 

[1,580] {{ancora+|580|[[Aeneis/Liber I#580|580.]]}} {{sc|'''IAMDVDUM'''}} et cito, uel quam primum significat, ut &quot;iamdudum sumite poenas&quot;, et olim, ut hoc loco. {{ancora+|582|[[Aeneis/Liber I#582|582.]]}} {{sc|'''SVRGIT'''}} oritur. et est translatio corporis ad animum, ut alibi &quot;stat conferre manum Aeneae&quot;. {{ancora+|583|[[Aeneis/Liber I#583|583.]]}} {{sc|'''CLASSEM'''}} SOCIOSQUE RECEPTOS syllepis per numeros. 'receptos' de maris periculo liberatos, ut &quot;frugesque receptas&quot;, uel a Didone; nam et ab ea timuerant, ut ait &quot;laetitiaque metuque&quot;. {{ancora+|584|[[Aeneis/Liber I#584|584.]]}} {{sc|'''UNUS'''}} ABEST Oronten significat. QUEM VIDIMUS IPSI SUBMERSUM quod ante doloris fuerat, ut &quot;ipsius ante oculos&quot;, nunc consolationis est, cum cernit omnes incolomes. {{ancora+|585|[[Aeneis/Liber I#585|585.]]}} {{sc|'''DICTIS'''}} RESPONDENT CETERA MATRIS modo congruunt, consentiunt, quia dixerat supra &quot;namque tibi reduces socios&quot;. alibi 'respondet' respicit, ut &quot;respondet Gnosia tellus&quot;. {{ancora+|587|[[Aeneis/Liber I#587|587.]]}} {{sc|'''SCINDIT'''}} SE NUBES nubes tantum dicimus, non nubs, licet dicamus trabs trabes, stirps stirpes, prex preces, plebs plebes. sed de his tantum quae legimus sunt ponenda; non enim artis sunt ista, sed usurpationis, qua metri causa utuntur poetae, ut uel minuant uel augeant nominatiuum. inde est et supellex supellectilis. ET IN AETHERA PURGAT APERTUM quia aer collectus nubes fecit, ut &quot;atque in nubem cogitur aer&quot;, quae puriore uento dissoluitur in aerem. {{ancora+|588|[[Aeneis/Liber I#588|588.]]}} {{sc|'''RESTITIT'''}} AENEAS abscedente scilicet nube. CLARAQUE IN LUCE REFVLSIT laus est nimiae pulchritudinis, cui nec lucis claritas derogauit. {{ancora+|589|[[Aeneis/Liber I#589|589.]]}} {{sc|'''OS'''}} UMEROSQUE DEO SIMILIS similes umeros habens deo. et est Graeca figura, ut diximus supra. IPSA aut quod sequitur 'nato genetrix', aut certe 'ipsa', id est pulchritudinis dea. 

[1,590] {{ancora+|590|[[Aeneis/Liber I#590|590.]]}} {{sc|'''DECORAM'''}} CAESARIEM a caedendo dicta caesaries, ergo tantum uirorum est. quod autem dicit 'decoram' uult etiam in Aenea naturalem fuisse pulchritudinem, ne si totum tribuat Veneri, nihil Aeneae sit reliquum, uel contra nihil relinquatur matris fauori: quod sequens melius indicat conparatio. ut Horatius &quot;fortes creantur fortibus&quot; magna arte nec eruditioni aliquid nec natalibus derogat. IVVENTAE iuuentus est multitudo iuuenum, Iuuentas dea ipsa, sicut Libertas, iuuenta uero aetas; sed haec a poetis confunduntur plerumque. {{ancora+|591|[[Aeneis/Liber I#591|591.]]}} {{sc|'''PURPVREUM'''}} pulchrum, ut Horatius &quot;purpureis ales oloribus&quot;. LAETOS HONORES non terribiles, ut esse in uiris fortibus solent. {{ancora+|592|[[Aeneis/Liber I#592|592.]]}} {{sc|'''MANUS'''}} uel artificis, uel ars ipsa. ADDUNT bene 'addunt', quia et ipsa materies habet naturalem pulchritudinem. EBORI DECUS ebur a barro dictum, id est elephanto, ut Horatius &quot;quid tibi uis, mulier, nigris dignissima barris?&quot; sane naturam huius nominis nec deriuatio nec obliqui casus reseruant. et eboris enim et eburneus facit, non eburis, sicut murmuris. {{ancora+|593|[[Aeneis/Liber I#593|593.]]}} {{sc|'''PARIVSVE'''}} LAPIS candidissimus est, lygdinus nomine, qui apud Parum nascitur. PARIVSVE LAPIS C. A. ut in decimo &quot;qualis gemma micat, fuluum quae diuidit aurum&quot;. {{ancora+|594|[[Aeneis/Liber I#594|594.]]}} {{sc|'''TUM'''}} SIC quid est 'sic'? et sui gratia praepotens et matris auxilio. {{ancora+|595|[[Aeneis/Liber I#595|595.]]}} {{sc|'''INPROVISUS'''}} bene, quia maiora nobis et pulchriora solent uideri, non paulatim aliqua, sed subito stupenda conspicere. CORAM QUEM QUAERITIS hoc loco distinguendum; nam si unum esset, 'adest' diceret, non 'adsum'. et coram non nulli ad personam, ut 'coram Vergilio', palam ad omnes referri uolunt, ut 'palam omnibus'. Varro &quot;coram de praesentibus nobis, palam etiam de absentibus&quot;. sane coram quidam aduerbium putant, quia non subsequitur casus, quidam praepositionem loquellis, non casibus seruientem. {{ancora+|596|[[Aeneis/Liber I#596|596.]]}} {{sc|'''EREPTUS'''}} liberatus; et utitur poeta familiarius hoc uerbo &quot;eripe me his, inuicte, malis&quot; et &quot;eripui, fateor, leto me&quot;. {{ancora+|597|[[Aeneis/Liber I#597|597.]]}} {{sc|'''O'''}} SOLA propter Polymestoris factum, qui fide uiolata defecit ad Graecos, ut habemus in tertio. MISERATA et miseror et misereor unum significat, sed miseror accusatiuum regit, ut hoc loco, item &quot;nec miseratus amantem est&quot;, misereor genetiuum, unde est &quot;miserere animi non digna ferentis&quot;. {{ancora+|598|[[Aeneis/Liber I#598|598.]]}} {{sc|'''QUAE'''}} NOS RELIQUIAS DANAUM si Troianos significat, simpliciter intellegis; si ad se refert, quod Achillem euasit fauore Neptuni. 'Danaum' autem pro Danaorum. TERRAEQUE MARISQUE 'terrae' propter Cretensem pestilentiam, 'maris' propter Orontis interitum. {{ancora+|599|[[Aeneis/Liber I#599|599.]]}} {{sc|'''OMNIBUS'''}} EXHAVSTIS ueteres sic dicebant 'clades hausi', id est pertuli. OMNIUM EGENOS egeo honestius genetiuo iungitur quam ablatiuo, cui iungit Cicero, ut &quot;eget ille senatu&quot;. item contra Vergilius &quot;quorum indiget usus&quot;. quidam autem 'egenos' pro egentes dictum tradunt, nomen pro participio. 

[1,600] {{ancora+|600|[[Aeneis/Liber I#600|600.]]}} {{sc|'''URBE'''}} DOMO SOCIAS hoc est et publico et priuato dignaris hospitio. {{ancora+|601|[[Aeneis/Liber I#601|601.]]}} {{sc|'''NON'''}} OPIS EST NOSTRAE DIDO 'opis' possibilitatis. et secundum Ateium philologum opes numero tantum plurali diuitias significant, ut &quot;Troianas ut opes&quot;, numero tantum singulari auxilium, ut &quot;fer opem, serua me obsecro&quot;, ab utroque possibilitatem. NEC QUICQUID UBIQUE EST meminit historiae. multi enim post excidium Troiae orbis diuersa tenuerunt, ut Helenus Epirum, Antenor Venetiam, alii Sardiniam secundum Sallustium, alii uicina syrtibus loca secundum Lucanum, ut &quot;portusque quietos ostendit Libyae Phrygio placuisse magistro&quot;. {{ancora+|603|[[Aeneis/Liber I#603|603.]]}} {{sc|'''DI'''}} TIBI ordo est 'dii tibi praemia ferant'. SI QUA PIOS RESPECTANT NUMINA si quidem, ut Horatius &quot;si tamen impiae non tangenda rates transiliunt uada&quot;; nec enim congruit optare dubitantem: aut certe ad se rettulit, qui cum pius esset, tot laborabat incommodis. SI QUA PIOS R- N- S- Q- V- I- E- 'qua' et 'quid' addidit, erat enim integrum 'si pios numina respiciunt et iustitia usquam est'. {{ancora+|604|[[Aeneis/Liber I#604|604.]]}} {{sc|'''SI'''}} QUID USQUAM IVSTITIAE EST si ualet apud homines iustitia. ET MENS SIBI CONSCIA RECTI secundum Stoicos, qui dicunt, ipsam uirtutem esse pro praemio, etiamsi nulla sint praemia. {{ancora+|605|[[Aeneis/Liber I#605|605.]]}} {{sc|'''FERANT'''}} adferant uel tribuant. QUAE TE TAM LAETA TULERUNT SAECVLA alibi &quot;nati melioribus annis&quot;; felicitas enim temporum ex nascentum meritis comprobatur, ut e contrario Terentius &quot;hocine saeculum! o scelera, o genera sacrilega!&quot; et digna laus regibus, ut bono tempore nati esse dicantur. {{ancora+|606|[[Aeneis/Liber I#606|606.]]}} {{sc|'''QUI'''}} TANTI TALEM GENVERE PARENTES secundum artem rhetoricam parentes quos ignorat laudat ex liberis. simul sciendum omnia hoc loco laudis praecepta seruata; nam et a parentibus laudat, ut 'qui tanti talem genuere parentes'; et ab ipsa, ut 'urbe domo socias'; et a futuro, ut 'nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt'. 'talem' autem, tam iustam, tam piam. {{ancora+|607|[[Aeneis/Liber I#607|607.]]}} {{sc|'''IN'''}} FRETA abusiue modo maria; nam proprie fretum est mare naturaliter mobile, ab undarum feruore nominatum. DUM MONTIBUS UMBRAE LUSTRABUNT CONVEXA alii hoc loco distinguunt et dicunt, quamdiu inclinata in montibus latera umbrae pro solis flexu circumibunt, ut &quot;lustrat Auentini montem&quot;: aut 'lustrabunt' inumbrabunt, unde lustra et ferarum cubilia et lupanaria per contrarium dicimus, quia parum inlustrantur. alii tamen 'conuexa sidera' uolunt, id est pendentia, ut &quot;et caeli conuexa per auras&quot;, id est suspensa, planetasque intellegunt, quia non sunt fixi, sed in aere feruntur. 'pasci' autem aquis marinis sidera, id est ignes caelestes, physici docent, secundum quos Lucanus ait &quot;atque undae plus quam quod digerat aer&quot;. alii 'sidera conuexa' nobis inminentia, uel quae per conuexum polum pascuntur, uel quae per conuexum disposita exhalatione terrae ali credantur. quidam radios solis pasci asserunt umore terreno. 'polus' autem caelum dixit. {{ancora+|609|[[Aeneis/Liber I#609|609.]]}} {{sc|'''HONOS'''}} honor, an honos quaeritur, quia nominatiuus pluralis 'res' terminatus singularem in or mittit, ut amores amor, honores honor, exceptis monosyllabis, ut flos mos ros. 

[1,610] {{ancora+|610|[[Aeneis/Liber I#610|610.]]}} {{sc|'''QUAE'''}} ME CUMQUE VOCANT TERRAE id est in quibuscumque terris fuero. {{ancora+|611|[[Aeneis/Liber I#611|611.]]}} {{sc|'''ILIONEA'''}} paenultimam huius nominis syllabam natura breuem licentia, qua in nominibus propriis omnes syllabae uocales possunt esse communes, produxit. {{ancora+|613|[[Aeneis/Liber I#613|613.]]}} {{sc|'''OBSTIPVIT'''}} animo perculsa est, quod iam futuri amoris est signum. PRIMO ASPECTU id est pulchritudine. SIDONIA pro Tyria a uicinitate. {{ancora+|614|[[Aeneis/Liber I#614|614.]]}} {{sc|'''CASU'''}} DEINDE id est miseratione. ET SIC ORE LOCVTA EST pleonasmos. sic &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;. {{ancora+|615|[[Aeneis/Liber I#615|615.]]}} {{sc|'''QUIS'''}} TE NATE DEA quis, qualis; admirantis enim est, non interrogantis, ut &quot;quis globus, o ciues!&quot; non enim interrogat ille qui nuntiat. hoc autem Dido, ut post indicat, ex Teucri narratione cognouit. {{ancora+|616|[[Aeneis/Liber I#616|616.]]}} {{sc|'''QUAE'''}} VIS qualis. INMANIBUS ORIS ut Sallustius &quot;mare saeuum, inportuosum&quot;. INMANIBUS ORIS non de suo regno ait, sed illas oras significat, quas Ilioneus ait &quot;per inuia saxa dispulit&quot;. ADPLICAT secundum praesentem usum per 'd' prima syllaba scribitur, secundum antiquam orthographiam, quae praepositionum ultimam litteram in uicinam mutabat, per 'p', secundum euphoniam per 'a' tantum. praepositio enim cum ad conpositionem transierit aut uim suam retinet, ut indico, aut mutat ultimam litteram, ut sufficio, aut perdit, ut coemo. {{ancora+|617|[[Aeneis/Liber I#617|617.]]}} {{sc|'''TUNE'''}} ILLE AENEAS et hoc admiratiuum, non interrogatiuum. 'ille' autem honoris est, ut &quot;sic Iuppiter ille monebat&quot;, uel 'tune ille' uidetur beneficium Veneris admirari in eo, quem adamatura est. DARDANIO ANCHISAE bene Anchisen addidit, ne cui diceret esset incertum; cum multis enim Venus concubuit. sed sciendum Anchisen, ut fabula loquitur, pastorem fuisse et cum eo amato Venerem concubuisse. unde Aeneas circa Simoin fluuium natus est; deae enim uel nymphae enituntur circa fluuios uel nemora. quod cum iactaret Anchises, adflatus fulmine oculoque priuatus est. {{ancora+|619|[[Aeneis/Liber I#619|619.]]}} {{sc|'''TEUCRUM'''}} MEMINI SIDONA VENIRE quidam 'memini uenire' pro 'memini uenisse' accipiunt. TEUCRUM SIDONA VENIRE historia hoc habet, Herculem cum Colchos iret perdito Hyla, qui aquatum profectus, ut fabula loquitur, a nymphis adamatus et raptus est, ut ueritas habet, lapsus in fontem altissimum necatus est, post peragratam Mysiam nauibus Troiam uenisse. a cuius portu cum eum Laomedon arceret, occisus est, et eius filia Hesiona belli iure sublata comiti Telamoni tradita est, qui primus ascenderat murum, unde Teucer natus est; nam Aiacem ex alia constat esse procreatum. tunc Hercules Priamum quoque redemptum a uicinis hostibus in paterno regno locauit: unde et Priamus dictus est g-apo g-tou g-priasthai, id est emi. ceterum quae de liberata dicuntur Hesiona constat esse fabulosa. sed Teucer cum Troia euersa sine fratre esset reuersus, qui se furore propter perdita Achillis arma interemerat, uel, ut quidam uolunt, quia non defenderat Aiacis fratris interitum, ut alii, quod ossa fratris non rettulisset, ut non nulli, quod Tecmessam concubinam uel eius fratris filium Eurysacen ad auum Telamona de Troia secum non reduxerit, quia ille alia naui uectus felicius nauigauerat, Salamine pulsus a patre Sidona uenit, ex quo Dido cuncta cognouit. Aiax autem Achillis patruelis frater fuerat, quoniam Telamon et Peleus fratres fuerunt, Aeaci filii. 

[1,620] {{ancora+|621|[[Aeneis/Liber I#621|621.]]}} {{sc|'''BELUS'''}} quidam alium patrem Elissae dicunt. OPIMAM pro opulentam non nulli accipiunt. VASTABAT CYPRUM quam subactam concessit Teucro, ut in ea conlocaret imperium, qui ex responso Apollinis illuc perrexerat et ciuitatem Salaminam ex nomine patriae ibi condidit, licet alii dicant ab ipso Teucro Cypri superatos incolas et sic conditam ciuitatem: unde 'auxilio Beli' accipi potest, etiam Teucro auxilium a Belo ad occupationem insulae praestitum. {{ancora+|622|[[Aeneis/Liber I#622|622.]]}} {{sc|'''DICIONE'''}} potestas dictis constat, id est imperio. et quaerendus nominatiuus huius nominis. sed de hac re historia longe aliud continet. {{ancora+|623|[[Aeneis/Liber I#623|623.]]}} {{sc|'''CASUS'''}} hoc loco ruinae, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;, non fortunae intellegendus est casus. {{ancora+|624|[[Aeneis/Liber I#624|624.]]}} {{sc|'''PELASGI'''}} Graeci a Pelasgo Iouis et Larissae filio. {{ancora+|625|[[Aeneis/Liber I#625|625.]]}} {{sc|'''IPSE'''}} HOSTIS TEUCROS Troianorum laudis exaggeratio, quod etiam ab hoste laudantur. et quidam 'hostis' singularem, quidam pluralem legunt. LAVDE quidam pro uirtute accipiunt, ut &quot;primam merui qui laude coronam&quot;. FEREBAT laudabat, praeferebat. {{ancora+|626|[[Aeneis/Liber I#626|626.]]}} {{sc|'''TEUCRORUM'''}} A STIRPE VOLEBAT propter genus maternum, ut supra diximus. et plus est quod dixit 'uolebat', quasi materno gaudens refutaret genus paternum. sane 'stirps' cum de origine dicimus generis feminini est, ut &quot;heu stirpem inuisam&quot;, cum de ligno masculini &quot;sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum&quot;. {{ancora+|627|[[Aeneis/Liber I#627|627.]]}} {{sc|'''TECTIS'''}} SUCCEDITE NOSTRIS ad conuiuium uocat; nam iam supra dixit 'urbe, domo socias'. dicitur autem 'o tectis succedite', ut &quot;succeditque gemens stabulis&quot;, et &quot;tecto adsuetus coluber succedere&quot;. {{ancora+|628|[[Aeneis/Liber I#628|628.]]}} {{sc|'''ME'''}} QUOQUE quemadmodum uos. SIMILIS FORTUNA scilicet aduersa. {{ancora+|629|[[Aeneis/Liber I#629|629.]]}} {{sc|'''DEMUM'''}} postea. 

[1,630] {{ancora+|630|[[Aeneis/Liber I#630|630.]]}} {{sc|'''NON'''}} IGNARA MALI MISERIS SUCCVRRERE DISCO quare 'non disco'? quia non sum ignara; bis enim intellegimus 'non', ut supra diximus. sic Sallustius &quot;segnior neque minus grauis et multiplex cura&quot;. {{ancora+|631|[[Aeneis/Liber I#631|631.]]}} {{sc|'''SIMVL'''}} AENEAN IN REGIA DUCIT TECTA et hoc et quod sequitur uidetur auspicium nuptiarum. {{ancora+|632|[[Aeneis/Liber I#632|632.]]}} {{sc|'''SIMVL'''}} DIVUM TEMPLIS INDICIT HONOREM apud maiores nostros mos fuit, ut magistratus post res serias quae consulto peragebantur in fine actus adderent 'diis honorem dico', uel alio modo 'hinc ad deos', quod poeta, amator antiquitatis, subtiliter docet; infert enim Didonem post habitum cum Aenea colloquium et iunctam hospitalitatem, 'quare agite o tectis iuuenes succedite nostris' et supra 'urbem quam statuo uestra est' et 'Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur', post actum publicum, diis sacra iussisse; nam subiungit 'simul Aenean in regia ducit tecta, simul diuum templis indicit honorem'. INDICIT HONOREM id est iussit fieri supplicationes. et bene 'indicit', quia Troiani inopinato uenerant. et feriae aut legitimae sunt aut indictae. indici autem dicuntur, quia paupertas maiorum ex conlatione sacrificabat, aut certe de bonis damnatorum: unde et supplicia dicuntur supplicationes, quae sunt de bonis supplicia passorum. Sallustius &quot;in suppliciis deorum magnifici&quot;. hinc etiam sacrum et uenerabile et exsecrandum intellegimus, quia sacrae res de bonis exsecrandorum fiebant. INDICIT HONOREM indictiua sacrificia dicebantur quae subito ad praesens tempus indicebantur. dicebantur sacra et honoraria, quod utrumque hoc loco complexus uidetur. {{ancora+|635|[[Aeneis/Liber I#635|635.]]}} {{sc|'''TERGA'''}} SVUM non declinatio 'u' litteram hoc loco geminat, sed ratio nominis in quo est 'u', sicut et in 'rum' mittit genetiuum pluralem non per declinationem, sed quia est in nomine 'r', ut patrum. alituum uero ubi legimus, parenthesis est, sicut Mauortis, nam alitum facit. {{ancora+|636|[[Aeneis/Liber I#636|636.]]}} {{sc|'''MUNERA'''}} LAETITIAMQUE DEI id est Liberi patris, ac per hoc uinum: aut certe ut multi legunt 'laetitiamque die', id est diei, ut supra dicta munera sint multorum dierum usui sufficientia, intellegamus autem missa aliqua etiam ad usum diei. in caesi dilegitur. non nulli 'dii' legunt, sicut ueteres 'famis fami'. Plautus in mercatore &quot;qui aut Nocti, aut Dii, aut Soli, aut Lunae&quot;. sane quidam hunc uersum intellegi non putant posse, ut est ille &quot;quem tibi iam Troia&quot;. {{ancora+|637|[[Aeneis/Liber I#637|637.]]}} {{sc|'''SPLENDIDA'''}} INSTRVITVR pro instruitur et splendida fit. LUXV modo abundantia, alibi luxuria. et notandum, quia affluentiam ubique exteris gentibus dat, Romanis frugalitatem, qui et duobus tantum cibis utebantur et in atriis sedebant edentes: unde Iuuenalis &quot;quis fercula septem secreto cenauit auus?&quot; et Vergilius &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. MEDIIS TECTIS iuxta cottidianam consuetudinem ait 'mediis', ut si dicamus 'in media domo sua sedens turbatus'. {{ancora+|639|[[Aeneis/Liber I#639|639.]]}} {{sc|'''LABORATAE'''}} VESTES labore perfectae, ut &quot;laboratasque premunt ad pectora ceras&quot;. et est sermo in conpendium coactus, sicut &quot;rapuitque in fomite flammam&quot;, id est raptim fecit. et sane 'uestes' non illas dicit quibus induimur, sed stragulas, super quas discumbitur, sic enim dicebantur 'uestes stragulae'. OSTROQUE SUPERBO claro, pretioso, id est per se superbo, aut quia superbos faciat. 

[1,640] {{ancora+|640|[[Aeneis/Liber I#640|640.]]}} {{sc|'''INGENS'''}} ARGENTUM MENSIS aut subaudi 'exponunt', aut mensas argenteas accipe. CAELATAQUE IN AVRO insculpta. et nomen hoc in principali aliam habet naturam, in deriuatione mutat. nam celum dicitur ferrum ipsum unde operantur argentarii, quod producitur naturaliter, sed in deriuatione mutatur; diphthongus namque est 'caelataque in auro'. {{ancora+|641|[[Aeneis/Liber I#641|641.]]}} {{sc|'''FORTIA'''}} FACTA PATRUM ueteres enim in conuiuiis solebant fortia parentum facta narrare, quae hic etiam insculpta dicit. et hic resoluit poeta illud quod reprehenditur, cur in templo Iunonis non Poenorum, sed Troianorum et Graecorum facta depinxerit, scilicet quod suorum res pretiosiore materia signatas habuerit. SERIES ordo conexus. {{ancora+|642|[[Aeneis/Liber I#642|642.]]}} {{sc|'''PER'''}} TOT DUCTA VIROS a Belo, primo rege Assyriorum, ut &quot;ab antiquo durantia cinnama Belo&quot; usque ad Belum, patrem Didonis, qui et ipse Assyrius fuit, quamuis alio nomine pater Didonis fuisse dicatur. hinc est &quot;quam Belus et omnes a Belo soliti&quot;, cum inter patrem et filiam medius nullus existat. et hoc regis nomen ratione non caret; nam omnes in illis partibus Solem colunt, qui ipsorum lingua El dicitur, unde et g-Hehlios. ergo addita digammo et in fine facta deriuatione a Sole regi nomen inposuit. {{ancora+|643|[[Aeneis/Liber I#643|643.]]}} {{sc|'''AENEAS'''}} sequitur 'rapidum ad naues', cetera per parenthesin dicta sunt. {{ancora+|644|[[Aeneis/Liber I#644|644.]]}} {{sc|'''RAPIDUM'''}} AD NAVES PRAEMITTIT ACHATEN non praemittit, nec enim sequitur ipse, sed praerapidum, quod ex adfectu patris, id est eius qui mittit, intellegendum est, non ex Achatae uelocitate. et sic praerapidum dixit, quomodo Terentius &quot;per pol quam paucos&quot;, hoc est perquam paucos; 'pol' enim ipsum per se plenum est iurantis aduerbium, cui praepositio separatim numquam cohaeret. {{ancora+|645|[[Aeneis/Liber I#645|645.]]}} {{sc|'''FERAT'''}} adferat, nuntiet, ut &quot;feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem&quot;. {{ancora+|646|[[Aeneis/Liber I#646|646.]]}} {{sc|'''STAT'''}} modo 'est', ut &quot;Graio stant nomine dictae&quot;; alias 'horret', ut stant lumina flamma et &quot;stabat acuta silex&quot;; item 'plenum est', ut &quot;iam puluere caelum stare uident&quot; et &quot;stant et iuniperi et castaneae hirsutae&quot;; item 'positum est', ut &quot;stant manibus arae&quot;; item 'placet', ut &quot;stat conferre manum Aeneae&quot; et &quot;stat casus renouare omnes&quot;. pro loco ergo hic sermo intellegendus est. {{ancora+|647|[[Aeneis/Liber I#647|647.]]}} {{sc|'''ILIACIS'''}} EREPTA RVINIS commendat ex loci difficultate, ut &quot;nec tuta mihi ualle reperti&quot;; item ex persona, ut 'ornatus Argiuae Helenae' et 'Ilione quod gesserat olim', ut &quot;hoc Priami gestamen erat&quot;: quemadmodum plerumque ex longinquitate, ut &quot;ex Aethiopia est usque haec&quot;. EREPTA ostendit ualde pretiosa, quae meruerunt ex ruinis ciuitatis eripi. laborat autem poeta hoc sermone probare, ab Aenea non esse proditam patriam, si ornatus Helenae, quam cum Antenore Troiam prodidisse manifestum est, ex incendio eripuit bellorum casu, non pro praemio proditionis accepit. {{ancora+|648|[[Aeneis/Liber I#648|648.]]}} {{sc|'''SIGNIS'''}} AVROQUE signis aureis, ut &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. PALLAM RIGENTEM duram propter aurum, sicut uel nouas uestes uidemus. significat autem tunicopallium, quod secundum Varronem palla dicta est ab inrugatione et mobilitate, quae est et circa finem huiusmodi uestium, g-apo g-tou g-pallein. {{ancora+|649|[[Aeneis/Liber I#649|649.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} CIRCUMTEXTUM VELAMEN cycladem significat. ACANTHO genus uirgulti flexuosum, quod uulgo herbacanthum dicunt, in cuius imitationem arte uestis ornatur. Varro ita refert: &quot;Onesicritos ait, in India esse arbores, quae lanam ferant, item Epicadus in Sicilia, quarum floribus quom dempti sint nuclei ex his inplicitis mulieres multiplicem conficere uestem&quot;. hinc uestimenta acanthina appellata. 

[1,650] {{ancora+|650|[[Aeneis/Liber I#650|650.]]}} {{sc|'''ORNATUS'''}} ARGIVAE HELENAE a uicinitate dixit 'Argiuae'. et paulo post 'Mycenis', cum Spartana fuerit, quae ciuitas est in Laconica; nam legimus &quot;me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnauit adulter&quot;. et uide iam omen infelicitatis futurae, cum adulterae suscipit munera. QUOS ILLA MYCENIS hic quoque commendatio muneris a persona, quae in fuga magni fecerit. {{ancora+|651|[[Aeneis/Liber I#651|651.]]}} {{sc|'''PERGAMA'''}} CUM PETERET eo tempore quo a Paride sollicitata est Helena Venere faciente, quae ei praemium pro uictoria, quam de malo aureo acceperat, alienum matrimonium concilians soluerat. nota fabula omnibus traditum est, quamuis uera historia hoc habere dicatur, non sollicitatam a Paride Helenam, sed cum non ei consentiret, ut absente eo tempore Menelao sponte eum sequeretur ad Troiam, expugnata ciuitate ui a Paride sublatam. unde factum est, ut Paris timore, ne qui eum insequerentur, non recto itinere properaret ad patriam, sed deuerteret ad Aegyptum et ad regem Proteum ueniret. qui cum esset sacrificus et agnouisset alienam uxorem a Paride raptam, duci eam dicitur subtraxisse et nescio quibus disciplinis phantasma in similitudinem Helenae formatum Paridi dedisse, quod in undecimo plenius inuenies. INCONCESSOSQUE HYMENAEOS et fato et legibus. Hymenaeus autem ut alii dicunt deus est nuptiarum, ut alii, quidam iuuenis fuit, qui die nuptiarum oppressus ruina est, unde expiationis causa nominatur in nuptiis. falsum est autem; nam uitari magis debuit nomen extincti. sed hoc habet ueritas: Hymenaeus quidam apud Athenas inter bella saeuissima uirgines liberauit, quam ob causam nubentes eius inuocant nomen, quasi liberatoris uirginitatis. hinc etiam apud Romanos Thalassio inuocatur. cum enim in raptu Sabinarum plebeius quidam raptam pulcherrimam duceret, ne ei auferretur ab aliis, Thalassionis eam ducis nobilis esse simulauit, cuius nomine fuit puellae tuta uirginitas. {{ancora+|652|[[Aeneis/Liber I#652|652.]]}} {{sc|'''EXTVLERAT'''}} secum exportauerat. MATRIS LEDAE MIRABILE DONUM uel quod ipsa filiae, uel quod ei Iuppiter dederat. {{ancora+|653|[[Aeneis/Liber I#653|653.]]}} {{sc|'''PRAETEREA'''}} SCEPTRUM ILIONE bene offert munera apta personis, sicut etiam Latino in septimo. ILIONE QUOD GESSERAT OLIM quia etiam feminae sceptro utebantur. 'gesserat' autem pro gestauerat, ut &quot;hoc Priami gestamen erat&quot;. et quaeritur, utrum hoc sceptrum de Thracia, an de Troia sublatum. quidam Aeneae ab Iliona datum dicunt. sed quamuis apta nupturae reginae sint munera, tamen futurorum malorum continere omen uidentur. {{ancora+|654|[[Aeneis/Liber I#654|654.]]}} {{sc|'''MAXIMA'''}} NATARUM PRIAMI quia ante etiam feminae regnabant, praesertim primogenitae; unde est 'maxima'. haec autem uxor Polymestoris fuit, quae post captum Ilium eiecta a uiro manu sua interiit. MONILE ornamentum gutturis, quod et segmentum dicunt, ut Iuuenalis &quot;segmenta et longos habitus&quot;, licet segmentatas uestes dicamus, ut ipse &quot;et segmentatis dormisset paruula cunis&quot;. {{ancora+|655|[[Aeneis/Liber I#655|655.]]}} {{sc|'''BACATUM'''}} ornatum margaritis. dicimus autem et haec margarita et hoc margaritum et haec margaris, quod Graecum est, quo modo Nais. sane multi separant gemmam a margarita, ut Cicero &quot;nullam gemmam aut margaritam&quot;, et gemmas uolunt dici diuersi coloris, margaritas uero albas; uel gemmas integras, margaritas pertusas. DVPLICEM aut latam, ut &quot;duplici aptantur dentalia dorso&quot;, item at &quot;duplex agitur per lumbos spina&quot;: aut certe re uera duplicem gemmis et auro. sane inmiscet Romanam consuetudinem; coronis enim feminae utebantur. {{ancora+|656|[[Aeneis/Liber I#656|656.]]}} {{sc|'''HAEC'''}} CELERANS celeriter facere cupiens. {{ancora+|657|[[Aeneis/Liber I#657|657.]]}} {{sc|'''AT'''}} CYTHEREA ab insula quae numero tantum plurali dicitur, ut &quot;sunt alta Cythera&quot;. NOVAS ARTES ars ton meson est, unde sine epitheto male ponitur. ueteres autem artes pro dolis ponebant, ut Terentius in heauton timorumeno &quot;offendi quendam ibi militem eius noctem orantem: haec arte tractabat uirum&quot;, item in Phormione &quot;artificem probum&quot;; nam et Graeci g-dolos g-technas dicunt, ut in secundo &quot;periurique arte Sinonis&quot;. {{ancora+|658|[[Aeneis/Liber I#658|658.]]}} {{sc|'''FACIEM'''}} MUTATUS nota figura est. quod autem addidit 'et ora', perissologia est. {{ancora+|659|[[Aeneis/Liber I#659|659.]]}} {{sc|'''FURENTEM'''}} INCENDAT REGINAM incendat et furere faciat, ut &quot;animumque labantem inpulit&quot;. INPLICET proprie ait; inpliciti enim morbo dicuntur; nam et amor morbus. 

[1,660] {{ancora+|661|[[Aeneis/Liber I#661|661.]]}} {{sc|'''DOMUM'''}} TIMET AMBIGVAM in qua habitat mutabilis femina, ut &quot;uarium et mutabile semper femina&quot;, item Iuno in quarto &quot;suspectas habuisse domos Carthaginis altae&quot;. AMBIGVAM modo incertam. alias 'ambiguam' pro gemina duplicique accipitur, ut &quot;agnouit prolem ambiguam&quot;. BILINGVES fallaces; nec enim ad linguam rettulit, sed ad mentem. {{ancora+|662|[[Aeneis/Liber I#662|662.]]}} {{sc|'''ATROX'''}} IVNO quantum ad Venerem pertinet saeua, non quod ita de ea poeta iudicet. ET SUB NOCTEM CURA RECURSAT circa noctem. et sciendum quia, cum tempus significatur, sub praepositio accusatiuo cohaeret, ut &quot;aut ubi sub lucem densa inter nubila sese diuersi rumpunt radii&quot;. et bene 'sub noctem cura recursat', quia uehementiores curae uel circa noctem uel per noctem sunt. 'recursat' autem recurrit et reuertitur; quasi semper in mentem uenit. {{ancora+|663|[[Aeneis/Liber I#663|663.]]}} {{sc|'''ALIGERUM'''}} compositum a poeta nomen. ERGO HIS ALIGERUM DICTIS ADFATVR AMOREM Latini deum ipsum 'Cupidinem' uocant, hoc quod facit 'amorem'. sed hic imitatus est Graecos, qui uno nomine utrumque significant; nam Amorem dixit deum: sed discreuit epitheto. sane numen hoc ratione non caret. nam quia turpitudinis est stulta cupiditas, puer pingitur, ut &quot;inter quas curam Clymene narrabat inanem&quot;, id est amorem, item quia inperfectus est in amantibus sermo, sicut in puero, ut &quot;incipit effari mediaque in uoce resistit&quot;. alatus autem ideo est, quia amantibus nec leuius aliquid nec mutabilius inuenitur, ut in ipsa probatur Didone; nam de eius interitu cogitat, cuius paulo ante amore deperibat, ut &quot;non potui abreptum diuellere corpus&quot;. sagittas uero ideo gestare dicitur, quia et ipsae incertae uelocesque sunt. et haec ratio paene in omnibus aliis numinibus pro potestatum qualitate formatur. {{ancora+|664|[[Aeneis/Liber I#664|664.]]}} {{sc|'''NATE'''}} MEAE VIRES aut quia Veneria uoluptas exerceri sine amore non potest, aut secundum Simoniden qui dicit, Cupidinem ex Venere tantum esse progenitum: quamquam alii dicant ex ipsa et Marte, alii ex ipsa et Vulcano, alii uero Chai et primae rerum naturae eum esse filium uelint. sane et hic persuasoriam agit, sicut superius, ubi Iuno ad Aeolum loquitur &quot;Aeole, namque tibi&quot;. sed ibi quia dea cum homine loquebatur, principio opus non fuit, hic uero principio usus est, quia dea cum deo loquitur ad beniuolentiam comparandam. 'nate' ab indulgentissimo nomine: causa amoris 'mea magna potentia': quid possit facere 'qui tela typhoea temnis': pro quo 'frater ut Aeneas pelago tuus': contra quem 'odiis Iunonis iniquae': nam quod dicit 'frater tuus', non 'filius meus', ostendit etiam ei profuturum qui rogatur; nam ex eo genere est illud 'et nostro doluisti saepe dolore'. sequitur causa 'hunc Phoenissa tenet Dido': timor ipsius 'et uereor quo se Iunonia uertant hospitia': rem ipsam 'quocirca capere ante dolis': modus 'qua facere id possis': quamdiu 'noctem non amplius unam': an difficile sit 'et notos pueri puer indue uultus': quomodo 'ut cum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido': subito amabit 'occultum inspires ignem fallasque ueneno': nihil promisit; quid enim promitteret deo? SOLUS, NATE qui Iouis contemnis fulmina, quae diis ceteris solent esse terrori. {{ancora+|665|[[Aeneis/Liber I#665|665.]]}} {{sc|'''PATRIS'''}} SUMMI nunc quidem de Ioue proprie dixit. sciendum tamen pro qualitate rerum uel personarum summum deum dici uel patrem; nam unusquisque eum summum putat esse quem colit, ut &quot;summe deum sancti custos Soractis Apollo&quot;. TYPHOEA multi 'Typhoia' legunt, ut cerialia et cerealea. 'Typhoea' autem dixit non quibus Typhoeus usus est, sed quibus Iuppiter in Typhoeum: a spoliis id est uirtute et uictoria epitheton posuit, ut Scipio Africanus et Metellus Creticus. TEMNIS aphaeresis est pro contemnis. hac autem laude hoc agit, facile eum posse Iunonem contemnere qui contemnit et Iouem. {{ancora+|666|[[Aeneis/Liber I#666|666.]]}} {{sc|'''AD'''}} TE CONFVGIO personarum ratio facit laudis augmentum. TUA NUMINA possibilitatem. et notandum unum deum plura habere numina, ut supra diximus de Iunone. {{ancora+|667|[[Aeneis/Liber I#667|667.]]}} {{sc|'''FRATER'''}} UT AENEAS conciliatio a qualitate personae. 'ut' autem est quemadmodum, quod in pronuntiatione extenditur, quando temporis non est. {{ancora+|668|[[Aeneis/Liber I#668|668.]]}} {{sc|'''IACTETVRQUE'''}} uacat 'que'. ODIIS IVNONIS INIQUAE iusta causa petitionis ostenditur. 'odium' autem 'o' in nomine breue est, in uerbo longum, ut 'odi', quemadmodum 'liquor' 'li' breuis est, 'liquitur' longa. {{ancora+|669|[[Aeneis/Liber I#669|669.]]}} {{sc|'''NOTA'''}} TIBI Graeca figura est, ut Terentius &quot;mira uero militi quae placeant&quot;. NOSTRO DOLVISTI SAEPE DOLORE 'nostro' aut eo quo et ego, aut 'doluisti' ideo quia me dolentem uidisti, ut 'dolea illa re'. 

[1,670] {{ancora+|670|[[Aeneis/Liber I#670|670.]]}} {{sc|'''PHOENISSA'''}} de Phoenice. TENET moratur. BLANDIS VOCIBUS ideo dixit 'blandis', ut ostenderet Didonem facile amore incendi posse, quae ante iam blanda est, quam amat. {{ancora+|671|[[Aeneis/Liber I#671|671.]]}} {{sc|'''QUO'''}} SE IVNONIA VERTANT HOSPITIA 'quo' in quam partem. 'Iunonia' autem 'hospitia' Carthaginem dicit, ubi habitabat Iuno, ut &quot;hic illius arma&quot;: aut certe hoc ipsum uereor, quod Aeneae Carthago in hospitium patuit, ut est &quot;timeo Danaos et dona ferentes&quot;. {{ancora+|672|[[Aeneis/Liber I#672|672.]]}} {{sc|'''HAVD'''}} TANTO CESSABIT CARDINE RERUM aut g-deiktikos dixit, ne in tantum quidem, hoc est breui occasione cessabit; aut simpliciter intellegendum est, non poterit in tanta rerum opportunitate cessare, ut sit de prouerbio tractum, quo dicitur 'res in cardine est', hoc est in articulo. quidam sic intellegunt: cum in incerto statutae res sunt, in cardine esse dicuntur, et translationem uerbi a ianua tractam uolunt, quae motu cardinis hac atque illac inpelli potest. {{ancora+|673|[[Aeneis/Liber I#673|673.]]}} {{sc|'''QUOCIRCA'''}} quapropter. MEDITOR mente pertracto. {{ancora+|674|[[Aeneis/Liber I#674|674.]]}} {{sc|'''NE'''}} QUO SE NUMINE MUTET 'quo' uel uacat, uel pronomen est. et bene supprimit nomen Iunonis, ne eius frequenti commemoratione Cupidinem terreat; magis enim uult eum intellegere, quam audire Iunonem. aut certe aduerbium est, ut sit, timeo ne se numine Dido aliquam commutet in partem. {{ancora+|675|[[Aeneis/Liber I#675|675.]]}} {{sc|'''MECUM'''}} id est cum officio Venerio, nec potest intellegi 'quemadmodum ego'; aliter enim a matre Aeneas amatur, aliter a Didone. MECUM per meos amores, id est me adnitente. {{ancora+|676|[[Aeneis/Liber I#676|676.]]}} {{sc|'''QUA'''}} id est quomodo. ACCIPE audi, ut &quot;accipe nunc Danaum insidias&quot;, ut contra 'da' dic; ut &quot;da, non indebita posco&quot; et &quot;da Tityre nobis&quot;. MENTEM dispositionem, consilium. {{ancora+|677|[[Aeneis/Liber I#677|677.]]}} {{sc|'''ACCITU'''}} euocatione. et est quartae declinationis. {{ancora+|678|[[Aeneis/Liber I#678|678.]]}} {{sc|'''URBEM'''}} SIDONIAM quam tenent Sidonii. MEA MAXIMA CURA et Aeneas cura est, sed Ascanius maxima, &quot;cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus debentur&quot;: et ubique Ascanius maxima cura Veneris introducitur, ut &quot;Veneris iustissima cura&quot;, item &quot;hunc tegere et dirae ualeam subducere pugnae&quot;. {{ancora+|679|[[Aeneis/Liber I#679|679.]]}} {{sc|'''DONA'''}} RESTANTIA quae restiterunt, quae superfuerunt. et ante pelagus posuit, cum post Troiae euersionem nauigauerit Aeneas. {{ancora+|680|[[Aeneis/Liber I#680|680.]]}} {{sc|'''SOPITUM'''}} SOMNO unum quidem est sopor et somnus, sed modo 'sopitum' inrigatum intellegimus. CYTHERA sicut supra dictum est genere neutro pluraliter, ut alibi &quot;sunt alta Cythera&quot;. 

[1,680] {{ancora+|681|[[Aeneis/Liber I#681|681.]]}} {{sc|'''IDALIUM'''}} Cypri nemus est, in quo oppidum breue, ut paulo post &quot;Idaliae lucos&quot;, item &quot;Idaliumque nemus&quot;. SACRATA SEDE uel templi uel oppidi. {{ancora+|682|[[Aeneis/Liber I#682|682.]]}} {{sc|'''NE'''}} QUA 'qua' uacat, ut frequenter diximus. MEDIUS inportunus, incongruus. {{ancora+|683|[[Aeneis/Liber I#683|683.]]}} {{sc|'''TU'''}} FACIEM ILLIUS 'faciem' pro uultu posuit. nullus enim faciem alterius potest accipere, sed uultum, qui pro mentis qualitate formatur: unde infra est 'et notos pueri puer indue uultus'. TU FACIEM ILLIUS quod difficile numini non est, ut in faciem mutetur alterius. sane 'illius' in Georgicis corripuit, ut &quot;illius inmensae&quot;. NOCTEM NON AMPLIUS UNAM ut supra diximus artis poeticae est non omnia dicere: unde nunc praemisit 'noctem unam'; nec enim dicturus est aut abscessum Cupidinis aut aduentum Ascanii. {{ancora+|684|[[Aeneis/Liber I#684|684.]]}} {{sc|'''PUERI'''}} PUER argumentum a facili. LAETISSIMA DIDO non est epitheton perpetuum, id est cum laeta esse coeperit. {{ancora+|686|[[Aeneis/Liber I#686|686.]]}} {{sc|'''REGALES'''}} INTER MENSAS epulas intemperantes, in quibus castitas rara est et facilis amoris occasio: unde est &quot;sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus&quot;. LATICEMQUE LYAEUM latex proprie aqua est fontium ab eo quod intra terrae uenas lateat, sed et uinum latet intra uuam, unde nunc dixit laticem. 'Lyaeum' autem pro 'Lyaeium' dixit, figurate ponens principalitatem pro deriuatione. {{ancora+|688|[[Aeneis/Liber I#688|688.]]}} {{sc|'''OCCVLTUM'''}} INSPIRES IGNEM definitio amoris est ignis occultus. VENENO uenenum dictum ab eo quod per uenas eat. ideo post ait &quot;longumque bibebat amorem&quot;. {{ancora+|689|[[Aeneis/Liber I#689|689.]]}} {{sc|'''PARET'''}} AMOR DICTIS ut supra pro Cupidine amorem ponit. sane notandum, quod interdum ubi inducit minorem festinantem parere, maiori respondentem eum non facit, ut hoc loco Cupidinem, ut in quarto &quot;ille patris magni parere parabat imperio&quot;, et in septimo &quot;exin Gorgoneis Alecto infecta uenenis&quot;. 

[1,690] {{ancora+|690|[[Aeneis/Liber I#690|690.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} ALAS EXVIT laus ingens Ascanii per transitum, siquidem Cupido alis tantum depositis Ascanius fuit. {{ancora+|691|[[Aeneis/Liber I#691|691.]]}} {{sc|'''PLACIDAM'''}} PER MEMBRA QUIETEM aut epitheton est quietis, aut ideo 'placidam' dixit, quia est quies, quae potest etiam somniorum terrore turbari. {{ancora+|692|[[Aeneis/Liber I#692|692.]]}} {{sc|'''INRIGAT'''}} infundit: proprie quia et somnus sic pingitur quasi cornu infundat. FOTUM sublatum, complexum. {{ancora+|693|[[Aeneis/Liber I#693|693.]]}} {{sc|'''AMARACUS'''}} hic puer regius unguentarius fuit, qui casu lapsus dum ferret unguenta, maiorem ex unguentorum confusione odorem creauit: unde optima unguenta amaracina dicuntur. hic postea in herbam sampsucum uersus est, quam nunc etiam amaracum dicunt. {{ancora+|695|[[Aeneis/Liber I#695|695.]]}} {{sc|'''IAMQUE'''}} IBAT cum uix Venus ista dixisset. sane neque festinantibus personis neque minoribus est respondendi facultas, ut hoc loco Cupidini, Mercurio supra, item in quarto, ut in septimo Furiae. {{ancora+|697|[[Aeneis/Liber I#697|697.]]}} {{sc|'''CUM'''}} VENIT aut pro 'cum ueniret', aut ut 'cum' sit aduerbium temporis pro dum; nec enim potest coniunctiui modi particula iungi indicatiuo. sane sciendum, malo errore 'cum' et 'dum' a Romanis esse confusa. AVLAEIS uelis pictis, quae ideo aulaea dicta sunt, quod primum in aula Attali regis Asiae, qui populum Romanum scripsit heredem, inuenta sunt. ideo autem etiam in domibus tendebantur aulaea, ut imitatio tentoriorum fieret, sub quibus bellantes semper habitauere maiores: unde et in thalamis hoc fieri hodieque conspicimus. Varro tamen dicit uela solere suspendi ad excipiendum puluerem, quia usus camerae ignorabatur: unde Horatius &quot;interea suspensa grauis aulaea ruinas in patinam fecere, trahentia pulueris atri, quantum non Aquilo Campanis excitat oris&quot;. sciendum sane omnia Graeca nomina in e exeuntia, cum deriuationem faciunt, e in ae diphthongon conuertere, ut aule aulaea, g-Ideh Idaea, g-Aitneh Aetnaea. SUPERBIS nobilibus, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;. {{ancora+|698|[[Aeneis/Liber I#698|698.]]}} {{sc|'''AVREA'''}} si 'Dido aurea', pulchram significat, et est nominatiuus, si 'sponda aurea', septimus quidem est, sed synizesis fit, et spondeus est. SPONDA antiqui stibadia non habebant, sed stratis tribus lectis epulabantur, unde et triclinium sterni dicitur. sic Cicero &quot;sterni triclinia, et in foro sterni iubebat&quot;. unde apparet errare eos, qui triclinium dicunt ipsam basilicam uel cenationem. MEDIAMQUE LOCAVIT ipse enim apud maiores domini fuerat locus, ut aperte Sallustius docet &quot;igitur discubuere: Sertorius inferior in medio, super eum L- Fabius Hispaniensis senator ex proscriptis; in summo Antonius, et infra scriba Sertorii Versius; et alter scriba Maecenas in imo, medius inter Tarquinium et dominum Perpernam&quot;. LOCAVIT collocauit. {{ancora+|699|[[Aeneis/Liber I#699|699.]]}} {{sc|'''IAM'''}} PATER AENEAS religiosus, quia pater proprie omnium deorum epitheton est, ut ubique ostendit Vergilius. 

[1,700] {{ancora+|700|[[Aeneis/Liber I#700|700.]]}} {{sc|'''OSTRO'''}} pro purpura posuit, unde tingitur purpura. {{ancora+|701|[[Aeneis/Liber I#701|701.]]}} {{sc|'''DANT'''}} MANIBUS FAMVLI LYMPHAS humilis character, qui ischnos dicitur; uilia enim describuntur. CEREREMQUE CANISTRIS hic panem, alibi triticum, ut &quot;tum Cererem corruptam undis&quot;. EXPEDIUNT proferunt. TONSISQUE FERUNT MANTELIA VILLIS 'tonsis uillis' uel minutis uel conpositis, ut &quot;tonsa coma, pressa corona est&quot;; constat enim maiores mappas habuisse uillosas, quibus etiam in sacris utebantur, sicut in georgicis &quot;manibus liquidos dant ordine fontis germanae, tonsisque ferunt mantelia uillis&quot;; de supplicaturis enim hoc dixit. 'mantelia' uero a manibus tergendis dicta, et est nominatiuus mantele, quo modo torale. quod autem legimus &quot;ne turpe toral&quot;, apocope est. {{ancora+|703|[[Aeneis/Liber I#703|703.]]}} {{sc|'''QUINQUAGINTA'''}} hoc est multae. ORDINE LONGO id est dispositione, secundum Tullium, qui in oeconomicis dicit, quid ubi ponendum sit; nec enim debent uniuersa confundi. CURA PENUM STRVERE inter penum et cellarium hoc interest, quod cellarium est paucorum dierum, unde et in cellam dicitur imperatum frumentum, penus uero temporis longi. sane dicimus et hic et haec et hoc penus, sed a masculino et a feminino genere quarta est declinatio, a neutro tertia, quo modo pecus pecoris. unde Horatius &quot;portet frumenta penusque&quot;, masculino uero genere Plautus &quot;nisi mihi annuus penus datur&quot;, feminino Lucilius posuit, ut &quot;uxori legata penus&quot;. quartae autem declinationis esse Persius docet, ut in &quot;locuplete penu defensis pinguibus Umbris&quot;. {{ancora+|704|[[Aeneis/Liber I#704|704.]]}} {{sc|'''STRVERE'''}} ordinare, conponere, unde et structores dicuntur ferculorum conpositores. ET FLAMMIS ADOLERE PENATES colere. sed adolere proprie est augere. in sacris autem kat' euphemismon adolere per bonum omen dicitur; nam in aris non adolentur aliqua, sed cremantur et consumuntur. ET FLAMMIS ADOLERE PENATES quia ueteres in focis sacrificabant, ut ipse alibi &quot;hortor amare focos&quot;. {{ancora+|705|[[Aeneis/Liber I#705|705.]]}} {{sc|'''TOTIDEMQUE'''}} PARES AETATE MINISTRI non numerus habet admirationem, sed aetatis aequalitas. {{ancora+|706|[[Aeneis/Liber I#706|706.]]}} {{sc|'''QUI'''}} DAPIBUS MENSAS ONERENT dapes regum sunt, epulae priuatorum. 'onerent' autem potest et ad abundantiam retulisse et de ueterum more dixisse, quibus cum accubuissent omnis cena semel adponebatur. et quidam uolunt hoc secundum ueterem caerimoniarum ritum aduerti debere, quod flamini Diali mensa inanis non anteponebatur; nam cum dicit 'qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant', et alibi &quot;et uina reponite mensis&quot;, quid aliud ostendit, quam mensam uacuam non antepositam Aeneae, quem ubique omnia sacerdotia inducit habuisse? ET POCULA PONANT secundum antiquum locutus est morem, quia ueteribus non in manus dabantur pocula, sed mensis adponebantur, ut hodieque apud plures pocula in canistris argenteis adponuntur, quae canistra siccaria dicuntur. {{ancora+|708|[[Aeneis/Liber I#708|708.]]}} {{sc|'''TORIS'''}} PICTIS pro in toris pictis. et torus dictus est, quod ueteres super herbam tortam uel sedebant uel discumbebant, ut &quot;proximus ut uiridante toro consederat herbae&quot;. IVSSI DISCVMBERE bene 'iussi' de regiis satellitibus dixit, qui utique subiecti habebantur imperio, nec tamquam hospites fuerant inuitati. discumbere autem iuxta consuetudinem suorum temporum dixit, quia olim sedentes uescebantur, ut ipse alibi &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. {{ancora+|709|[[Aeneis/Liber I#709|709.]]}} {{sc|'''MIRANTVR'''}} DONA AENEAE, MIRANTVR IVLUM hoc ad Tyrios rettulit. MIRANTVR IVLUM quem putabant Iulum. 

[1,710] {{ancora+|710|[[Aeneis/Liber I#710|710.]]}} {{sc|'''FLAGRANTISQUE'''}} DEI VVLTUS hoc ad poetam refertur. FLAGRANTIS ardentis diuinitate. SIMVLATAQUE VERBA conposita in Ascanii similitudinem. et hoc ex persona poetae accipiendum {{ancora+|712|[[Aeneis/Liber I#712|712.]]}} {{sc|'''PRAECIPVE'''}} INFELIX propter casum futurum, ut probant sequentia 'pesti deuota futurae'. ideo ergo infelix. 'pesti' autem amori uel malo. 'deuota' uero de oratione Augusti translata locutio, quam habuit in laudatione funeris Marcelli, cum diceret, illum inmaturae morti deuotum fuisse. {{ancora+|713|[[Aeneis/Liber I#713|713.]]}} {{sc|'''EXPLERI'''}} MENTEM NEQUIT Graeca figura est. TUENDO dum intuetur. et omnis gerundi modus tam ab agentis quam a patientis significatione similiter profertur, ut &quot;cantando tu illum&quot;, id est dum cantas, et &quot;frigidus in pratis cantando rumpitur anguis&quot;, id est dum ei cantatur. {{ancora+|714|[[Aeneis/Liber I#714|714.]]}} {{sc|'''ILLE'''}} UBI postquam, ut Horatius &quot;nos ubi decidimus&quot;, hoc est postquam; nam si loci esset, 'quo' diceret. ergo 'ubi' interdum aduerbium loci est, interdum temporis. {{ancora+|716|[[Aeneis/Liber I#716|716.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} MAGNUM arduum; difficile est enim imitari uerum filii adfectum. FALSI IMPLEVIT GENITORIS AMOREM non ueri, uel pro eo qui fallebatur, ut sit, impleuit amorem eius quem decipiebat simulando eum esse patrem suum, et est magis absolutum participium; nam illic nomen est &quot;falsi Simoentis ad undam&quot;. {{ancora+|717|[[Aeneis/Liber I#717|717.]]}} {{sc|'''REGINAM'''}} PETIT non simpliciter dixit 'petit'; nam petere est proprie insidiari. {{ancora+|718|[[Aeneis/Liber I#718|718.]]}} {{sc|'''GREMIO'''}} FOVET sustinet, ut &quot;et fotum gremio&quot;. {{ancora+|719|[[Aeneis/Liber I#719|719.]]}} {{sc|'''INSIDAT'''}} in sinu sedeat, legitur tamen et 'insideat', id est ut quidam uolunt insidias faciat. AT MEMOR ILLE MATRIS hoc est praeceptorum matris. 

[1,720] {{ancora+|720|[[Aeneis/Liber I#720|720.]]}} {{sc|'''ACIDALIAE'''}} Acidalia Venus dicitur uel quia inicit curas, quas Graeci g-akidas dicunt, uel certe a fonte Acidalio qui est in Orchomeno Boeotiae ciuitate, in quo se Gratiae lauant, quas Veneri esse constat sacratas; ipsius enim et Liberi filiae sunt: nec immerito; gratiae enim per horum fere numinum munera conciliantur. ideo autem nudae sunt, quod gratiae sine fuco esse debent, ideo conexae, quia insolubiles esse gratias decet: Horatius &quot;segnesque nodum soluere Gratiae&quot;. quod uero una auersa pingitur, duae nos respicientes, haec ratio est, quia profecta a nobis gratia duplex solet reuerti, unde est supra &quot;nec te certasse priorem paeniteat&quot;. sane Veneri multa nomina pro locis uel causis dicuntur inposita. nam Venerem uocari quidam propter promptam ueniam dicunt. alii &quot;Suadam&quot; appellant, quod ipsa conciliatio Suada sit. dicitur etiam &quot;Obsequens VenusV, quam Fabius Gurges post peractum bellum Samniticum ideo hoc nomine consecrauit, quod sibi fuerit obsecuta: hanc Itali &quot;Postuotam&quot; dicunt. dicta est etiam &quot;Equestris Venus&quot;, dicta et &quot;Cloacina&quot;, quia ueteres cloare purgare dixerunt. dicitur et &quot;Myrica&quot; et &quot;Myrtea&quot; et &quot;Purpurissa&quot;. est et &quot;Erycina&quot;, quam Aeneas secum aduexit. dicitur et &quot;Salacia&quot;, quae proprie meretricum dea appellata est a ueteribus, et &quot;Lubentina&quot;, quae lubentiam mentibus nouam praestat, quamuis alii hanc &quot;Lubiam&quot; dicant, quod eo numine consilia in medullas labantur. alii &quot;Mimnerniam&quot; uel &quot;Meminiam&quot; dicunt, quod meminerit omnium. est et &quot;Verticordia&quot;, est et &quot;Militaris VenusV, est et &quot;Limnesia&quot; quae portubus praeest. ipsa et &quot;Victrix&quot; et &quot;Genetrix&quot; ex Caesaris somnio sacrata. est et &quot;Venus Calua&quot; ob hanc causam, quod cum Galli Capitolium obsiderent et deessent funes Romanis ad tormenta facienda, prima Domitia crinem suum, post ceterae matronae imitatae eam exsecuerunt, unde facta tormenta, et post bellum statua Veneri hoc nomine collocata est, licet alii Caluam Venerem quasi puram tradant, alii Caluam, quod corda amantum caluiat, id est fallat atque eludat. quidam dicunt porrigine olim capillos cecidisse feminis et Ancum regem suae uxori statuam caluam posuisse, quod constitit piaculo; nam post omnibus feminis capilli renati sunt, unde institutum, ut Calua Venus coleretur. apud Cyprios Venus in modum umbilici, uel ut quidam uolunt, metae colitur. apud Ephesios &quot;Venerem Automatam&quot; dixerunt, uel &quot;Epidaetiam&quot;. ratio autem horum nominum talis est. Meliboea et Alexis amore se mutuo dilexerunt et iuramento se adstrinxerunt, ut cum tempus nuptiarum uenisset sibimet iungerentur: sed cum uirginem parentes sui alii despondissent et hoc Alexis uidisset, spontaneum subiit exilium. uirgo autem ipso nuptiarum die semet de tecto praecipitauit: quae cum inlaesa decidisset, in fugam conuersa peruenit ad litus ibique scapham ascendit, ex qua sponte funes soluti esse dicuntur. uoluntate itaque deorum peruecta est ubi amator morabatur: quam cum ille parans cum sodalibus conuiuium suscepisset, pro ipso rei euentu templum constituit. quod ergo sponte fuissent ⟨funes⟩ soluti, Automatae Veneri nomen sacrauit, quodque cum epulas pararet uirgo ei aquis fuisset aduecta, Epidaetiae sacrauit. ABOLERE SICHAEUM INCIPIT ordo naturalis. prius enim est auellere inhaerentia, et post noua inferre. sic Terentius &quot;ut metum in quo nunc est adimam atque expleam animum gaudio&quot;. {{ancora+|721|[[Aeneis/Liber I#721|721.]]}} {{sc|'''VIVO'''}} AMORE aut uiui hominis, aut certe uehementi. PRAEVERTERE praeoccupare: propter Iunonem sine dubio. {{ancora+|722|[[Aeneis/Liber I#722|722.]]}} {{sc|'''RESIDES'''}} pigros, ad amandum inertes; iurauerat enim nulli se esse nupturam. resides sane milites otiosi et pigri dicuntur, ut &quot;residesque mouebit Tullus in arma uiros&quot;. unde contra instantes dicimus industrios. {{ancora+|723|[[Aeneis/Liber I#723|723.]]}} {{sc|'''QUIES'''}} EPVLIS propter regalem affluentiam. contra supra ait &quot;postquam exempta fames&quot;. MENSAEQUE REMOTAE licet sub extranea persona, Romanorum tamen exsequitur morem, apud quos duae mensae erant: una epularum, altera poculorum. {{ancora+|724|[[Aeneis/Liber I#724|724.]]}} {{sc|'''CRATERAS'''}} Graecum est ab eo quod est 'hic crater'; nam Latine haec cratera dicitur, unde Persius &quot;si tibi crateras argenti incusaque pingui auro dona feram&quot;. ET VINA CORONANT 'uina' pro poculis posuit, et est tropus synecdoche, ut Cererem dicimus pro frumento. sic Plautus &quot;uinum precemur; nam hic deus praesens adest&quot;. 'coronant' autem est aut inplent usque ad marginem, aut quia antiqui coronabant pocula, et sic libabant: unde est &quot;magnum cratera corona induit, inpleuitque mero&quot;. {{ancora+|725|[[Aeneis/Liber I#725|725.]]}} {{sc|'''IT'''}} STREPITUS TECTIS id est ad tecta, ut &quot;it clamor caelo&quot;. legitur autem et 'fit strepitus tectis'. {{ancora+|726|[[Aeneis/Liber I#726|726.]]}} {{sc|'''ATRIA'''}} ut supra diximus, tangit Romanam historiam; nam ut ait Cato et in atrio et duobus ferculis epulabantur antiqui: unde ait Iuuenalis &quot;quis fercula septem secreto cenauit auus?&quot; ibi etiam pecunias habebant: unde etiam qui honoratiores erant liminum custodes adhibebantur, ut &quot;qui Dardanio Anchisae armiger ante fuit, fidusque ad limina custos&quot;. ibi et culina erat: unde et atrium dictum est; atrum enim erat ex fumo. alii dicunt Atriam Etruriae ciuitatem fuisse, quae domos amplis uestibulis habebat: quae cum Romani imitarentur atria appellauerunt. alii atria magnas aedes et capacissimas dictas tradunt, unde atria Licinia et atrium Libertatis. LYCHNI Graeco sermone usus est, ne uile aliquid introferret. a lychno autem lucerna dicta est, unde et breuis est 'lu', ut Iuuenalis &quot;dispositae pinguem nebulam uomuere lucernae&quot;. Horatius &quot;ungor oliuo, non quo furatis inmundus Natta lucernis&quot;. si enim a luce diceretur, non staret uersus. LAQUEARIBUS principaliter lacus dicitur, ut Lucilius &quot;resultant aedesque lacusque&quot;; diminutio lacunar facit, ut Horatius &quot;nec mea renidet in domo lacunar&quot;; inde fit alia diminutio lacunarium et per antistoichon laquearium. legitur et lacuaribus. Cicero Tusculanarum &quot;tectis caelatis lacuatis&quot;. {{ancora+|727|[[Aeneis/Liber I#727|727.]]}} {{sc|'''NOCTEM'''}} VINCUNT luminis est exaggeratio. FUNALIA 'funalia' sunt quae intra ceram sunt, dicta a funibus, quos ante usum papyri cera circumdatos habuere maiores: unde et funera dicuntur, quod funes incensos mortuis praeferebant. alii funalia appellarunt quod in cicendula lucet, quos Graeci g-pursous uocant: Varro de uita P- R- &quot;facibus aut candela simplici ;aut ex eo funiculo facto, earum uestigia quod ubi ea figebant appellarunt funalia&quot;. non nulli apud ueteres candelabra dicta tradunt quae in capitibus uncinos haberent, quibus affigi solebant uel candelae uel funes pice delibuti: quae interdum erant minora, ut gestari manu et praeferri magistratibus a cena remeantibus possent. {{ancora+|728|[[Aeneis/Liber I#728|728.]]}} {{sc|'''HIC'''}} tunc; est ergo aduerbium temporis. {{ancora+|729|[[Aeneis/Liber I#729|729.]]}} {{sc|'''QUAM'''}} BELUS primus rex Assyriorum, ut supra diximus, quos constat Saturnum, quem et Solem dicunt, Iunonemque coluisse, quae numina etiam apud Afros postea culta sunt. unde et lingua Punica Bal deus dicitur. apud Assyrios autem Bel dicitur quadam sacrorum ratione et Saturnus et Sol. alii hunc Belum Saturni temporibus regnasse eiusdemque dei hospitem fuisse tradunt. 

[1,730] {{ancora+|730|[[Aeneis/Liber I#730|730.]]}} {{sc|'''TUM'''}} FACTA SILENTIA TECTIS mos erat apud ueteres, ut lumine incenso silentium praeberetur, ut optatiuam sibi laudem loquendo nullus auerteret. apud Romanos etiam cena edita sublatisque mensis primis silentium fieri solebat, quoad ea quae de cena libata fuerant ad focum ferrentur et in ignem darentur, ac puer deos propitios nuntiasset, ut diis honor haberetur tacendo que nos cum intercessit inter cenandum, Graeci quoque g-theohn g-parousian dicunt. {{ancora+|731|[[Aeneis/Liber I#731|731.]]}} {{sc|'''HOSPITIBUS'''}} NAM TE DARE IVRA LOQUVNTVR scilicet exemplo Lycaonis, qui cum hospites susceptos hospitio necaret, a suscepto Ioue, postquam ei epulas humanas adposuit, uersus in lupum ostendit hospitii iura non esse uiolanda. {{ancora+|732|[[Aeneis/Liber I#732|732.]]}} {{sc|'''TYRIISQUE'''}} DIEM atqui nox erat, sed per 'diem' accipimus et noctem. et quidam uolunt masculini generis 'diem' bonum significare, feminini malum. TROIAQUE PROFECTIS bene noluit 'profugis' dicere. {{ancora+|733|[[Aeneis/Liber I#733|733.]]}} {{sc|'''ESSE'''}} VELIS secundum Etruscam disciplinam locutus est; sic enim dicunt 'uolens propitiusque sis'. {{ancora+|734|[[Aeneis/Liber I#734|734.]]}} {{sc|'''ADSIT'''}} LAETITIAE BACCHUS DATOR alii 'adsis' legunt, secundum quos 'Bacchus' aut antiptosis est, aut antiquus uocatiuus, ut &quot;socer arma Latinus habeto&quot;. DATOR bene autem addidit 'dator laetitiae', quia est et dator furoris. ET BONA IVNO aut propitia, id est non irata Troianis, ut &quot;sis bonus o felixque tuis&quot;, aut magis 'bona' caelestis; est enim et inferna, ut &quot;Iunoni infernae dictus sacer&quot;. aut, sicut supra dictum est, chreste, quod est bona, quam inter penates Troiani habuisse dicuntur. {{ancora+|735|[[Aeneis/Liber I#735|735.]]}} {{sc|'''COETUM'''}} modo conuiuium; et bono uerbo ad dignitatem duorum in uno populorum usus est. {{ancora+|736|[[Aeneis/Liber I#736|736.]]}} {{sc|'''LATICUM'''}} LIBAVIT HONOREM more sacrorum: et tangit ritum Romanorum, qui panicias sacratasque mensas habebant, in quas libabant, ut est &quot;heus etiam mensas consumimus, inquit Iulus&quot;. LATICUM LIBAVIT HONOREM diis enim hospitalibus et Ioui in mensam libabatur. {{ancora+|737|[[Aeneis/Liber I#737|737.]]}} {{sc|'''LIBATO'''}} delibato. SUMMO TENUS usque ad labra. ATTIGIT ORE et uerecundiam reginae ostendit, et morem Romanum. nam apud maiores nostros feminae non utebantur uino, nisi sacrorum causa certis diebus. denique femina quae sub Romulo uinum bibit occisa est a marito, Mecennius absolutus, id enim nomen marito. sic Granius Licinianus cenae suae. {{ancora+|738|[[Aeneis/Liber I#738|738.]]}} {{sc|'''TUM'''}} BITIAE per transitum Poenorum ducum nomina introducit. nam Bitias classis Punicae fuit praefectus, ut docet Liuius, Iopas uero rex Afrorum, unus de procis Didonis, ut Punica testatur historia. seruauit autem to prepon: quare non Aeneae dedit, ne aut contumeliosum uideretur aut petulans. INCREPITANS inclamans, ut &quot;aestatem increpitans seram&quot;, aut certe arguens familiariter segnitiem tarde accipientis, cum esset auidus in bibendo; nam sequitur 'ille inpiger'. melius tamen accipimus clara uoce hortatum, ut Plautus &quot;neque ego ad mensam publicas res clamo, neque leges crepo&quot; et Horatius &quot;quis post uina grauem militiam aut pauperiem crepet?&quot; HAVSIT modo accepit, nec possumus intellegere bibit, cum hoc sequatur 'et pleno se proluit auro'. alibi uidit, ut &quot;hausit caelum mentemque recepit&quot;, alibi audiuit, ut &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;, alibi uulnerat, ut &quot;latus haurit apertum&quot;. et multa alia pro loco significat. {{ancora+|739|[[Aeneis/Liber I#739|739.]]}} {{sc|'''PROLVIT'''}} bibendo profudit. 

[1,740] {{ancora+|740|[[Aeneis/Liber I#740|740.]]}} {{sc|'''POST'''}} ALII PROCERES ergo et Bitias unus est de proceribus; nam exoche sine similitudine numquam fit. sane 'proceres' de his est quae nominatiuum in usu non habent, ut supra &quot;et uictor dicione tenebat&quot;. nam nec hoc in usu habet nominatiuum, licet in conpositione dicamus condicio. proceres autem ideo secundum Varronem principes ciuitatis dicuntur, quia eminent in ea, sicut in aedificiis mutuli quidam, hoc est capita trabium, quae proceres nominantur. CRINITUS IOPAS aut puerum intellege, aut imitabatur Apollinis formam, cuius fuerat etiam artis imitator. {{ancora+|741|[[Aeneis/Liber I#741|741.]]}} {{sc|'''DOCVIT'''}} QUAE MAXIMUS ATLAS 'quae' legendum est non 'quem'; nec enim istum docere potuit, qui Didonis erat temporibus, sed docuit Herculem: unde et dicitur ab Atlante caelum sustinuisse susceptum propter caeli scientiam traditam. constat enim Herculem fuisse philosophum, et ⟨haec⟩ est ratio, cur illa omnia monstra uidicit Nilum Melonem uocari, Atlantem uero Telamonem. DOCVIT QUAE MAXIMUS ATLAS id est quae ipse scit, quae ipse modulatus est - - hic Atlas Iapeti filius in Africa natus dicitur. hic quod annum in tempora diuiserit et primus stellarum cursus uel circulorum uel siderum transitus naturasque descripserit, caelum dictus est sustinere. qui nepotem suum Mercurium et Herculem docuisse dicitur. {{ancora+|742|[[Aeneis/Liber I#742|742.]]}} {{sc|'''HIC'''}} CANIT bene philosophica introducitur cantilena in conuiuio reginae adhuc castae: contra inter nymphas, ubi solae feminae erant, ait &quot;Vulcani Martisque dolos et dulcia furta&quot;. ERRANTEM LUNAM quia g-helikoeidehs est, id est obliquo incedit cursu, non recto, ut Sol: scilicet ne incidat in centrum terrae et frequenter patiatur eclipsin; uicinus enim est eius circulus terrae. SOLISQUE LABORES 'canit' per omnia intellegimus. planetae septem sunt, Saturnus Iuppiter Mars Sol Venus Mercurius Luna. sed quinque et contra mundum feruntur, et cum mundo quando retrogradi sunt; Sol uero et Luna semper contra mundum. ideo ergo dixit 'Solis labores': laborat enim nitens contra uenientis sphaerae uolubilitatem. nec nos debet Homerus mouere, qui ait g-hehlion g-akamanta; non enim eum dixit non laborare, sed laborem non sentire. LUNAM SOLISQUE LABORES amat sane ubique Solem et Lunam iungere. {{ancora+|743|[[Aeneis/Liber I#743|743.]]}} {{sc|'''UNDE'''}} HOMINUM GENUS si fabulam respicis, a Prometheo intellege, uel a Deucalione et Pyrrha; si autem ueritatem requiris, igni, alii de atomis, alii de quattuor elementis. PECVDES pro omnibus posuit. UNDE IMBER scilicet de nubibus, quae secundum Lucretium de terrae anhelitu nascuntur, qui nebulas creat: quae cum altius fuerint eleuatae, aut solis calore resolutae aut ui uentorum conpressae mittunt leues pluuias uel exprimunt concitatiores. ET IGNES scilicet ex nubium conlisione. nam omnium rerum conlisio ignem creat, ut in lapidibus cernimus, uel attritu rotarum, uel in siluis arborum. {{ancora+|744|[[Aeneis/Liber I#744|744.]]}} {{sc|'''ARCTVRUM'''}} stella est post caudam maioris ursae, posita in signo bootae, unde arcturus dicta est, quasi g-arktou g-oura. hanc quidam agere arcton dicunt, quia arceram ueteres uehiculum uocabant. haec autem ut fabulae loquuntur Callisto fuit, comes Dianae, quam Iuppiter mutatus in Dianam stuprauit, ex qua natus est filius nomine Arcas. cetera in libro I. georgicorum plenius narrata sunt. PLUVIASQUE HYADAS hyades stellae sunt in fronte tauri, quae quotiens nascuntur pluuias creant: unde et Graece g-huades dictae sunt g-apo g-tou g-huein, Latine suculae a suco. sic ergo ait 'pluuiasque hyades', ut &quot;Plemyrium undosum&quot;. alii dicunt hyadas dictas uel ab y littera uel g-apo g-tou g-huos, id est sue, in cuius formatae sunt faciem: nam ideo eas quidam suculas, sues scilicet, dici tradunt. has quidam uergilias dicunt, quod uere florido oriantur. hae autem fuerunt ut alii dicunt, Atlantis filiae, ut alii Liberi nutrices, quae se in pelagus furore praecipitauerunt. alii Erechthei filias pro patria se morti obtulisse aiunt, quas Pliadas uocant, quod Pleiones filiae esse dicantur. quidam hyadas ab Hyante fratre, quem inuentum extinctum usque ad mortem doluerunt, dictas putant. GEMINOSQUE TRIONES id est septemtriones, id est Helicen et Cynosuram; non enim semper de duobus dicunt geminos, sed de pluribus. et proprie triones sunt boues aratorii, qui terram terunt. non ergo incongrue dixit 'triones', quia septemtriones plaustra a nonnullis dicuntur. {{ancora+|745|[[Aeneis/Liber I#745|745.]]}} {{sc|'''QUID'''}} quam ob causam 'properent se tinguere soles hiberni'. ratio hoc facit hemisphaerii, quia hieme breuiore sol utitur circulo. TINGVERE demergere. SOLES uero pro diebus posuit, ut &quot;tris adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus&quot;. {{ancora+|746|[[Aeneis/Liber I#746|746.]]}} {{sc|'''VEL'''}} QUAE TARDIS MORA NOCTIBUS OBSTET id est aestiuis, tarde uenientibus; 'uel' enim disiunctiua est coniunctio, nec patitur bis eandem rem dici: ergo hoc dicit, quae causa est longorum dierum. sed et hic ratio hemisphaerii est. TARDIS non longis. {{ancora+|747|[[Aeneis/Liber I#747|747.]]}} {{sc|'''INGEMINANT'''}} PLAVSU TYRII TROESQUE SEQUVNTVR imitantur. et bono usus est ordine, ut prius plauderent ciues; nec enim aliter poterant audere peregrini, qui exspectabant, ut noscerent morem: unde supra et &quot;uos o coetum Tyrii celebrate fauentes&quot;. {{ancora+|748|[[Aeneis/Liber I#748|748.]]}} {{sc|'''NEC'''}} NON ET VARIO arte poetica utitur, ut praemittat aliquid, quo sequens liber uideatur esse coniunctus: quod in omnibus seruat. {{ancora+|749|[[Aeneis/Liber I#749|749.]]}} {{sc|'''LONGUM'''}} hic permaturum, aut qui non erat nisi ipsius morte finiendus. BIBEBAT AMOREM adlusit ad conuiuium. sic Anacreon &quot;erota pinon&quot;. 

[1,750] {{ancora+|750|[[Aeneis/Liber I#750|750.]]}} {{sc|'''SUPER'''}} PRIAMO de Priamo. nam eius praepositionis officio fungitur, pro qua ponitur, ut supra &quot;et sub noctem cura recursat&quot;, id est circa noctem. et sciendum, quod cum tempus significatur, 'sub' praepositio accusatiuo haeret semper. ROGITANS scilicet quo modo sit uenditus rex; uel qui eum post decennale bellum exitus tulerit. {{ancora+|751|[[Aeneis/Liber I#751|751.]]}} {{sc|'''AVRORAE'''}} FILIUS Memnon. ideo autem dixit 'quibus ar- mis', quia Vulcaniis armis usus fuisse narratur. AVRORAE FILIUS ARMIS quia etiam ei fecerat arma Vulcanus. qui cum auxilium Troianis ferret, apud Troiam occisus est. hic in tanto amore apud suos socios fuit, ut post eius mortem cum eum nimium deflerent miseratione deorum in aues conuersi dicantur et quotannis uenire ad tumulum eius et ibi lamentatione et fletibus se dilacerare, donec aliquantae ibidem moriantur. {{ancora+|752|[[Aeneis/Liber I#752|752.]]}} {{sc|'''QUALES'''}} DIOMEDIS EQUI non debemus eos equos intellegere, quos Aeneae sustulit, nec enim congruit; sed de his interrogat, quos sustulit Rheso. 'quales' autem dixit, ac si diceret, anne sic feroces ut illi a quibus ducebant originem. Diomedes enim, rex Thracum, habuit equos qui humanis carnibus uescebantur. hos Hercules occiso crudeli tyranno abduxisse perhibetur: de quibus dicuntur supra memorati equi originem ducere. aut ideo 'quales', qui potuerint esse ita diuini, ut inter fatalia Troiana numerarentur; nam ideo et supra &quot;ardentes&quot; ait. {{ancora+|753|[[Aeneis/Liber I#753|753.]]}} {{sc|'''IMMO'''}} AGE uidit specialia cito posse finiri, et contulit se ad generalitatem. ET A PRIMA DIC HOSPES ORIGINE NOBIS id est a raptu Helenae: quod quidem Dido cupit, sed excusat Aeneas. et dicit ruinam se Troiae breuiter esse dicturum, habita ratione temporis, ut &quot;suadentque cadentia sidera somnos&quot;. {{ancora+|754|[[Aeneis/Liber I#754|754.]]}} {{sc|'''INSIDIAS'''}} DANAUM hoc ad Troianorum fauorem, ne uideantur uirtute esse superati. et laudandum quod 'insidias' tantum dixerit, non et captum Ilium; nam et ipse Aeneas &quot;accipe nunc Danaum insidias&quot;. CASVSQUE TUORUM ut euentu Troia corruerit, non fati necessitate. {{ancora+|755|[[Aeneis/Liber I#755|755.]]}} {{sc|'''ERRORESQUE'''}} TUOS et responsio hunc ordinem sequitur. nam primo dicit Troiae ruinam, post errores suos. SEPTIMA AESTAS per aestates annos intellege; nam sic ante olympiadas conputabant. septem autem annos esse Dido cognouit ex Teucro.

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|SubTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidos [[Aeneis/Liber I|librum I]] commentarius
|Editio=1884, Lipsiae; [[w:de:Georg Thilo|Georg Thilo]]
|Fons=[https://archive.org/details/invergiliicarmin01servuoft/page/1/mode/1up?view=theater archive.org] (partim)
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==Prooemium==
In exponendis auctoribus haec consideranda sunt: poetae uita, titulus operis, qualitas carminis, scribentis intentio, numerus librorum, ordo librorum, explanatio. Vergilii haec uita est. patre Vergilio matre Magia fuit; ciuis Mantuanus, quae ciuitas est Venetiae. diuersis in locis operam litteris dedit; nam et Cremonae et Mediolani et Neapoli studuit. adeo autem uerecundissimus fuit, ut ex moribus cognomen acceperit; nam dictus est Parthenias. omni uita probatus uno tantum morbo laborabat; nam inpatiens libidinis fuit. primum ab hoc distichon factum est in Ballistam latronem : Monte sub hoc lapidum tegitur Ballista sepultus : nocte die tutum carpe uiator iter. scripsit etiam septem siue octo libros hos : Cirin Aetnam Culicem Priapeia Catalepton Epigrammata Copam Diras. postea ortis bellis ciuilibus inter Antonium et Augustum, Augustus uictor Cremonensium agros, quia pro Antonio senserant, dedit militibus suis. qui cum non sufficerent, his addidit agros Mantuanos, sublatos non propter ciuium culpam, sed propter uicinitatem Cremonensium: unde ipse in bucolicis &quot;Mantua uae miserae nimium uicina Cremonae&quot;. amissis ergo agris Romam uenit et usus patrocinio Pollionis et Maecenatis solus agrum quem amiserat meruit. tunc ei proposuit Pollio ut carmen bucolicum scriberet, quod eum constat triennio scripsisse et emendasse. item proposuit Maecenas Georgica, quae scripsit emendauitque septem annis. postea ab Augusto Aeneidem propositam scripsit annis undecim, sed nec emendauit nec edidit: unde eam moriens praecepit incendi. Augustus uero, ne tantum opus periret, Tuccam et Varium hac lege iussit emendare, ut superflua demerent, nihil adderent tamen: unde et semiplenos eius inuenimus uersiculos, ut &quot;hic cursus fuit&quot;, et aliquos detractos, ut in principio; nam ab armis non coepit, sed sic : Ille ego, qui quondam gracili modulatus auena carmen, et egressus siluis uicina coegi ut quamuis auido parerent arua colono, gratum opus agricolis, at nunc horrentia Martis arma uirumque cano. et in secundo hos uersus constat esse detractos : aut ignibus aegra dedere. iamque adeo super unus eram, cum limina Vestae seruantem et tacitam secreta in sede latentem Tyndarida aspicio; dant clara incendia lucem erranti passimque oculos per cuncta ferenti. illa sibi infestos euersa ob Pergama Teucros et Danaum poenam et deserti coniugis iras praemetuens, Troiae et patriae communis erinys, abdiderat sese atque aris inuisa sedebat. exarsere ignes animo; subit ira cadentem ulcisci patriam et sceleratas sumere poenas. 'scilicet haec Spartam incolumis patriasque Mycenas aspiciet, partoque ibit regina triumpho, coniugiumque domumque patres natosque uidebit, Iliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris? occiderit ferro Priamus? Troia arserit igni? Dardanium totiens sudarit sanguine litus? non ita. namque etsi nullum memorabile nomen feminea in poena est, habet haec uictoria laudem : extinxisse nefas tamen et sumpsisse merentis laudabor poenas, animumque explesse iuuabit ultricis famam et cineres satiasse meorum.' talia iactabam et furiata mente ferebar, cum mihi se non ante alias. - - titulus est Aeneis, deriuatiuum nomen ab Aenea, ut a Theseo Theseis. sic Iuuenalis &quot;uexatus totiens rauci Theseide Codri&quot;. qualitas carminis patet; nam est metrum heroicum et actus mixtus, ubi et poeta loquitur et alios inducit loquentes. est autem heroicum quod constat ex diuinis humanisque personis, continens uera cum fictis; nam Aeneam ad Italiam uenisse manifestum est, Venerem uero locutam cum Ioue missumue Mercurium constat esse conpositum. est autem stilus grandiloquus, qui constat alto sermone magnisque sententiis. scimus enim tria esse genera dicendi, humile medium grandiloquum. intentio Vergilii haec est, Homerum imitari et Augustum laudare a parentibus; namque est filius Atiae, quae nata est de Iulia, sorore Caesaris, Iulius autem Caesar ab Iulo Aeneae originem ducit, ut confirmat ipse Vergilius a &quot;magno demissum nomen Iulo&quot;. de numero librorum nulla hic quaestio est, licet in aliis inueniatur auctoribus; nam Plautum alii dicunt unam et uiginti fabulas scripsisse, alii quadraginta, alii centum. ordo quoque manifestus est, licet quidam superflue dicant secundum primum esse, tertium secundum, et primum tertium, ideo quia primo Ilium concidit, post errauit Aeneas, inde ad Didonis regna peruenit, nescientes hanc esse artem poeticam, ut a mediis incipientes per narrationem prima reddamus et non numquam futura praeoccupemus, ut per uaticinationem: quod etiam Horatius sic praecepit in arte poetica &quot;ut iam nunc dicat iam nunc debentia dici, pleraque differat et praesens in tempus omittat&quot;: unde constat perite fecisse Vergilium. sola superest explanatio, quae in sequenti expositione probabitur. haec quantum ad Aeneidem pertinet dixisse sufficiat, nam bucolicorum et georgicorum alia ratio est. sciendum praeterea est quod, sicut nunc dicturi thema proponimus, ita ueteres incipiebant carmen a titulo carminis sui, ut puta &quot;arma uirumque cano&quot;, Lucanus &quot;Bella per Emathios&quot;, Statius &quot;Fraternas acies alternaque regna&quot;. 

{{ancora+|1|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|1.]]}} {{sc|'''arma'''}} multi uarie disserunt cur ab armis Vergilius coeperit, omnes tamen inania sentire manifestum est, cum eum constet aliunde sumpsisse principium, sicut in praemissa eius uita monstratum est. per 'arma' autem bellum significat, et est tropus metonymia. nam arma quibus in bello utimur pro bello posuit, sicut toga qua in pace utimur pro pace ponitur, ut Cicero &quot;cedant arma togae&quot;, id est bellum paci. alii ideo 'arma' hoc loco proprie dicta accipiunt, primo quod fuerint uictricia, secundo quod diuina, tertio quod prope semper armis uirum subiungit, ut &quot;arma uirumque ferens&quot; et &quot;arma acri facienda uiro&quot;. {{sc|'''arma virvmqve'''}} figura usitata est ut non eo ordine respondeamus quo proposuimus; nam prius de erroribus Aeneae dicit, post de bello. hac autem figura etiam in prosa utimur. sic Cicero in Verrinis &quot;nam sine ullo sumptu nostro coriis, tunicis frumentoque suppeditato maximos exercitus nostros uestiuit, aluit, armauit&quot;. non nulli autem hyperbaton putant, ut sit sensus talis 'arma uirumque cano, genus unde Latinum Albanique patres atque altae moenia Romae', mox illa reuoces 'Troiae qui primus ab oris'; sic enim causa operis declaratur, cur cogentibus fatis in Latium uenerit. et est poeticum principium professiuum 'arma uirumque cano', inuocatiuum 'Musa mihi causas memora', narratiuum 'urbs antiqua fuit'. et professiuum quattuor modis sumpsit: a duce 'arma uirumque cano', ab itinere 'Troiae qui primus ab oris', a bello 'multa quoque et bello passus', a generis successu 'genus unde Latinum'. {{sc|'''virvm'''}} quem non dicit, sed circumstantiis ostendit Aeneam. et bene addidit post 'arma' 'uirum', quia arma possunt et aliarum artium instrumenta dici, ut &quot;Cerealiaque arma&quot;. {{sc|'''cano'''}} polysemus sermo est. tria enim significat: aliquando laudo, ut &quot;regemque canebant&quot;; aliquando diuino, ut &quot;ipsa canas oro&quot;; aliquando canto, ut in hoc loco. nam proprie canto significat, quia cantanda sunt carmina. {{sc|'''troiae'''}} Troia regio est Asiae, Ilium ciuitas Troiae; plerumque tamen usurpant poetae et pro ciuitate uel regionem uel prouinciam ponunt, ut Iuuenalis &quot;et flammis Asiam ferroque cadentem&quot;. Probus ait Troiam Graios et Aiax non debere per unam i scribi. {{sc|'''qvi primvs'''}} quaerunt multi, cur Aeneam primum ad Italiam uenisse dixerit, cum paulo post dicat Antenorem ante aduentum Aeneae fundasse ciuitatem. constat quidem, sed habita temporum ratione peritissime Vergilius dixit. namque illo tempore, quo Aeneas ad Italiam uenit, finis erat Italiae usque ad Rubiconem fluuium: cuius rei meminit Lucanus et Gallica certus limes ab Ausoniis disterminat arua colonis. unde apparet Antenorem non ad Italiam uenisse, sed ad Galliam cisalpinam, in qua Venetia est. postea uero promotis usque ad Alpes Italiae finibus, nouitas creauit errorem. plerique tamen quaestionem hanc uolunt ex sequentibus solui, ut uideatur ob hoc addidisse Vergilius 'ad Lauina litora', ne significaret Antenorem. melior tamen est superior expositio. ''{{sc|'''primvs'''}} {ergo} non ante quem nemo, sed post quem nullus, ⟨ut⟩ &quot;tuque o, cui prima furentem fundit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti et hic mihi responsum primus dedit&quot;. uel laudatiue 'primus', ut &quot;primam qui legibus urbem fundabit, Curibus paruis&quot;.'' {{sc|'''ab orbis'''}} speciem pro genere; nam oras terras generaliter debemus accipere. sane praepositionem mutauit, nam 'ex oris' melius potuit dicere.

{{ancora+|2|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|2.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam'''}} ars quidem hoc exigit, ut nominibus prouinciarum praepositiones addamus, ciuitatum numquam. tamen plerumque peruerso ordine lectum est; nam ecce hoc loco detraxit prouinciae praepositionem dicens 'Italiam uenit' pro ad Italiam uenit. Tullius in Verrinis &quot;ea die Verres ad Messanam uenit&quot; pro Messanam uenit. sane sciendum est usurpari ab auctoribus, ut uel addant uel detrahant praepositiones; namque ait Vergilius &quot;siluis te, Tyrrhene, feras agitare putasti&quot; pro in siluis. ut ergo illic detraxit loco praepositionem, sic hic prouinciae. et est figura. Italia autem pars Europae est. Italus enim rex Siculorum profectus de Sicilia uenit ad loca, quae sunt iuxta Tiberim, et ex nomine suo appellauit Italiam. ibi autem habitasse Siculos ubi est Laurolauinium, manifestum est, sicut ipse alio loco dicit &quot;Siculi ueteresque Sicani et gentes uenere Sicanae saepius&quot;. sane 'Italiam' i contra naturam producta est, cum sit natura breuis. {{sc|'''fato profvgvs'''}} 'fato' ad utrumque pertinet, et quod fugit, et quod ad Italiam uenit. et bene addidit 'fato', ne uideatur aut causa criminis patriam deseruisse, aut noui imperii cupiditate. profugus autem proprie dicitur qui procul a sedibus suis uagatur, quasi porro fugatus. multi tamen ita definiunt, ut profugos eos dicant qui exclusi necessitate de suis sedibus adhuc uagantur, et simul atque inuenerint sedes, non dicantur profugi, sed exules. sed utrumque falsum est. nam et profugus lectus est qui iam sedes locauit, ut in Lucano &quot;profugique a gente uetusta Gallorum Celtae miscentes nomen Hiberis&quot;, et exul qui adhuc uagatur, ut in Sallustio &quot;qui nullo certo exilio uagabantur&quot;: adeo exilium est ipsa uagatio. quidam hic 'profugus' participium uolunt. sane non otiose fato profugum dicit Aeneam, uerum ex disciplina Etruscorum. est enim in libro qui inscribitur litterae iuris Etruriae scriptum uocibus Tagae, &quot;eum qui genus a periuris duceret, fato extorrem et profugum esse debere&quot;. porro a Laomedonte periuro genus ducit Aeneas, siquidem alibi ait &quot;satis iam pridem sanguine nostro Laomedonteae luimus periuria Troiae&quot;. {{sc|'''laviniaqve venit litora'''}} haec ciuitas tria habuit nomina. nam primum Lauinum dicta est a Lauino, Latini fratre; postea Laurentum a lauro inuenta a Latino, dum adepto imperio post fratris mortem ciuitatem augeret; postea Lauinium a Lauinia, uxore Aeneae. ergo 'Lauina' legendum est, non 'Lauinia', quia post aduentum Aeneae Lauinium nomen accepit, et aut Lauinum debuit dicere, sicut dixit, aut Laurentum. quamuis quidam superfluo esse prolepsin uelint. sane bene addidit 'Lauina', ut ostenderet ad quam partem Italiae uenisset Aeneas, quia et multi alii eo tempore ad Italiam uenerant, ut Capys, qui Capuam, Polites, qui Politorium condiderunt.

{{ancora+|3|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|3.]]}} {{sc|'''litora'''}} Laurolauinium constat octo milibus a mari remotam. nec nos debet fallere quia dixit 'Lauina litora'. litus enim dicitur terra quoque mari uicina, sicut ipse Vergilius in quarto &quot;cui litus arandum&quot;, cum per naturam litus arari non possit. ergo scire debemus, litus posse et terram dici. Fabius Maximus annalium primo &quot;tum Aeneas aegre patiebatur in eum deuenisse agrum, macerrimum litorosissimumque&quot;. {{sc|'''mvltvm ille'''}} 'multille' conlisio est. et 'ille' hoc loco abundat; est enim interposita particula propter metri necessitatem, ut stet uersus: nam si detrahas 'ille', stat sensus; 'qui primus' enim ad omnia possumus trahere. sic alio loco &quot;nunc dextra ingeminans ictus, nunc ille sinistra&quot;. est autem archaismos. aut certe 'ille', quia haec particula more antiquo aut nobilitati aut magnitudini dabatur, ut &quot;ac uelut ille canum et saucius ille&quot;. {{sc|'''et terris iactatvs'''}} fatigatus est enim apud Thraciam monstro illo, quod e tumulo Polydori sanguis emanauit, apud Cretam pestilentia, apud Strophadas insulas Harpyiis, tempestate uero et in primo et in tertio. iactamur autem in mari fluctibus, fatigamur in terris. et bene duorum elementorum mala uno sermone conplexus est. {{sc|'''et alto'''}} modo mari, quia nauigans Scyllam et Polyphemum effugit, perditus etiam est Orontes, amissus Palinurus et Misenus. altum tamen sciendum est quod et superiorem, ut &quot;Maia genitum demittit ex alto&quot; et inferiorem altitudinem significat; namque mensurae nomen est altitudo.

{{ancora+|4|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|4.]]}} {{sc|'''vi svpervm'''}} uiolentia deorum, secundum Homerum, qui dicit a Iunone rogatos esse deos in odium Troianorum: quod et Vergilius tetigit dicens &quot;uos quoque Pergameae iam fas est parcere genti, dique deaeque omnes&quot;. latenter autem defendit hac ratione Troianos, quod non suo merito eos insequebantur numina, sed Iunonis inpulsu. multi 'ui superum' posse accipi dicunt Irim Aeolum Iuturnam Iunonem, sed melius iudicant, ui quam superi habent. {{sc|'''saevae'''}} cum a iuuando dicta sit Iuno, quaerunt multi, cur eam dixerit saeuam, et putant temporale esse epitheton, quasi saeua circa Troianos, nescientes quod saeuam dicebant ueteres magnam. sic Ennius &quot;induta fuit saeua stola&quot;. item Vergilius cum ubique pium inducat Aeneam, ait &quot;maternis saeuus in armis Aeneas&quot;, id est magnus. {{sc|'''memorem ivnonis ob iram'''}} constat multa in auctoribus inueniri per contrarium significantia: pro actiuis passiua, ut &quot;pictis bellantur Amazones armis&quot;; pro passiuis actiua, ut &quot;populatque ingentem farris aceruum&quot;. et haec uarietas uel potius contrarietas inuenitur etiam in aliis partibus orationis, ut sit aduerbium pro aduerbio, ut est &quot;hoc tunc ignipotens caelo descendit ab alto&quot; pro huc; et in participio, ut &quot;et qua uectus Abas&quot; pro qua uehebatur; et in nomine, ut 'memorem Iunonis ob iram' non quae meminerat, sed quae in memoria erat. de his autem haec tantum quae lecta sunt ponimus nec ad eorum exemplum alia formamus. sane memor apud ueteres non tantum dicebatur g-ho g-memnehmenos, sed etiam g-ho g-mnehmon. et hoc per confusionem uerbi et nominis; nam 'memorem' est uerbi significatio, cum non sit nomen.

{{ancora+|5|[[Aeneis/Liber I#5|5.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta qvoqve et bello passvs'''}} hoc ad posteriores sex pertinet libros. sane duas coniunctiones separatas naturaliter nemo coniungit. sed hoc plerumque a poetis causa metri fit. ergo hic una uacat, sicut alio loco &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. Sallustius &quot;tyrannumque et Cinnam&quot;. {{sc|'''bello passvs'''}} contra Turnum. {{sc|'''dvm conderet vrbem'''}} tres hic sunt significationes. aut enim Troiam dicit, quam ut primum in Italiam uenit, fecit Aeneas, de qua ait &quot;castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit&quot; et alio loco Mercurius &quot;nec te Troia capit&quot; - Troiam autem dici quam primum fecit Aeneas, et Liuius in primo et Cato in originibus testantur - dum enim haec fieret, ab agrestibus propter uulneratum ceruum regium mota sunt bella: aut Laurolauinium, et significat 'dum' donec; tam diu enim dimicauit quam diu ad tempus faciendae ciuitatis ueniret, id est donec Turnus occumberet: aut Romam, et est sensus dummodo conderet urbem. {aut Troiam aut Laurolauinium aut Romam significat.}

{{ancora+|6|[[Aeneis/Liber I#6|6.]]}} {{sc|'''inferretqve deos latio'''}} Latium duplex est, unum a Tiberi usque ad Fundos, aliud inde usque ad Vulturnum. denique ipse dixit &quot;ueteresque Latini&quot; ideo quia scit esse etiam nouos, id est a Fundis usque ad Vulturnum. Latium autem dictum est, quod illic Saturnus latuerit. Saufeius Latium dictum ait, quod ibi latuerant incolae, qui quoniam in cauis montium uel occultis cauentes sibi a feris beluis uel a ualentioribus uel a tempestatibus habitauerint Cascei uocati sunt, quos posteri Aborigines cognominarunt, quoniam aliis ortos esse recognoscebant. ex quibus Latinos etiam dictos. {{sc|'''inferretqve deos latio'''}} hoc est in Latium. et est figura usitata apud Vergilium. quod enim per accusatiuum cum praepositione dicimus ille per datiuum ponit sine praepositione, sicut alibi &quot;it clamor caelo&quot; pro in caelum. 'deos' uero utrum penates, ut &quot;talibus attonitus uisis et uoce deorum&quot;, an se et Ascanium et posteros suos, de quibus dictum est &quot;dis genite et geniture deos&quot;? {{sc|'''genvs vnde latinvm'''}} si iam fuerunt Latini et iam Latium dicebatur, contrarium est quod dicit ab Aenea Latinos originem ducere. prima est iucunda absolutio, ut 'unde' non referas ad personam, sed ad locum; namque 'unde' aduerbium est de loco, non de ductu a persona. tamen Cato in originibus hoc dicit, cuius auctoritatem Sallustius sequitur in bello Catilinae, &quot;primo Italiam tenuisse quosdam qui appellabantur Aborigines. hos postea aduentu Aeneae Phrygibus iunctos Latinos uno nomine nuncupatos&quot;. ergo descendunt Latini non tantum a Troianis, sed etiam ab Aboriginibus. est autem uera expositio haec. nouimus quod uicti uictorum nomen accipiunt. potuit ergo uictore Aenea perire nomen Latinum. sed uolens sibi fauorem Latii conciliare nomen Latinum non solum illis non sustulit, sed etiam Troianis inposuit. merito ergo illi tribuit quod in ipso fuerat ut posset perire. unde et ipse inducit in duodecimo libro rogantem Iunonem, ne pereat nomen Latinum. item in execratione Didonis legimus &quot;nec cum se sub leges pacis iniquae tradiderit&quot;; iniqua enim pax est in qua nomen amittit ille qui uicit. sed ueteres 'unde' etiam ad personam adplicabant, ita ut ad omne genus, ad omnem numerum iungerent, ut hoc loco 'genus unde Latinum' masculino generi et numero singulari iunxit, alibi ⟨ad⟩ genus femininum et numerum pluralem refert, ut &quot;nymphae, Laurentes nymphae, genus amnibus unde est&quot;, sicut 'hinc' particulam, cum sit loci aduerbium, Terentius uetuste ad personam transtulit &quot;sed eccum Syrum incedere uideo: hinc iam scibo quid siet&quot;.

{{ancora+|7|[[Aeneis/Liber I#7|7.]]}} {{sc|'''albaniqve patres'''}} Albam ab Ascanio conditam constat, sed a quo incertum est, utrum a Creusae an a Lauiniae filio: de qua re etiam Liuius dubitat. hanc autem cum euertisset Tullus Hostilius, omnes nobiles familias Romam transtulit. et sciendum bene hunc ordinem semper seruare Vergilium, ut ante dicat Latium, inde Albam, post Romam. quod et hoc loco fecit et in quinto libro, ut &quot;priscos docuit celebrare Latinos&quot; et deinde &quot;Albani docuere suos, nunc maxima porro accepit Roma et patrium seruauit honorem&quot;. item in septimo libro &quot;mos erat Hesperio in Latio quem protinus urbes Albanae coluere sacrum, nunc maxima rerum Roma colit&quot;. {{sc|'''atqve altae moenia romae'''}} aut propter gloriam, aut propter aedificia ingentia, aut quia in montibus est posita.

{{ancora+|8|[[Aeneis/Liber I#8|8.]]}} {{sc|'''MUSA'''}} MIHI CAUSAS MEMORA 'mihi' longa hic, alibi breuis, ut &quot;mihique haec edissere uera roganti&quot;. sane in tres partes diuidunt poetae carmen suum: proponunt inuocant narrant. plerumque tamen duas res faciunt et ipsam propositionem miscent inuocationi, quod in utroque opere Homerus fecit; namque hoc melius est. Lucanus tamen ipsum ordinem inuertit; primo enim proposuit, inde narrauit, postea inuocauit, ut est &quot;nec si te pectore uates accipio&quot;. sane obseruandum est, ut non in omnibus carminibus numen aliquod inuocetur, nisi cum aliquid ultra humanam possibilitatem requirimus. hinc in arte poetica Horatius &quot;nec deus intersit nisi dignus uindice nodus inciderit&quot;. bene ergo inuocat Vergilius, non enim poterat per se iram numinis nosse. item in nono libro nisi adderet &quot;Iuno uires animumque ministrat&quot;, quis crederet Turnum euasisse de castris? et hic {{sc|'''MUSA'''}} non addidit g-menin g-aeide g-thea. sed 'musa mihi causas memora' pro adesto, ut memores. sane musas multi nouem, multi septem dixerunt. his Numa aediculam aeneam breuem fecerat, quam postea de caelo tactam et in aede Honoris et Virtutis conlocatam Fuluius Nobilior in aedem Herculis transtulit, unde aedes Herculis et Musarum appellatur. has alii uirgines perhibent; nam ideo et porcam eis sacrificari aiunt, quod multum pariat. alii eis etiam filios dant, Orpheum Linum sirenas. alii has octo, ut Athenis uisuntur, alii quattuor dicunt, alias Boeotias, alias Atthidas, alias Siculas. has musas Siculus Epicharmus non musas, sed g-homonoousas dicit. {{sc|'''QUO'''}} NUMINE LAESO 'quo' in quo, in qua causa. et est septimus casus et communis elocutio; dicimus enim 'quo te laesi'. est et alia expositio. namque Iuno multa habet numina: est Curitis, quae utitur curru et hasta, ut est &quot;hic illius arma, hic currus fuit&quot;; est Lucina, quae partibus praeest, ut &quot;Iuno Lucina fer opem&quot;; est regina, ut &quot;quae diuum incedo regina&quot;; sunt et alia eius numina. merito ergo dubitat quod eius laeserit numen Aeneas. alii tamen dicunt separandum esse, ut de odio Iunonis non dubitet, quaerat autem quod aliud numen est laesum. {{sc|'''QUO'''}} NUMINE LAESO ideo trahitur in ambiguitatem et requirit in quo Iunonis numen laesit Aeneas, quia in ipsum certa non erant odia, sed in gentem propter causas paulo post dicendas. alii 'numen' uoluntatem accipiunt. 'laeso' autem dicendo ipso uerbo ostendit, etiamsi fuisset, leuissimam culpam fuisse; non enim dixit 'uiolato' aut 'iniuriam passo'. 9 {{sc|'''QUIDVE'''}} DOLENS bene philosophice dubitauit. dicunt enim quidam ad deos nihil pertinere. {{sc|'''VOLVERE'''}} CASUS id est casibus uolui. et est figura hypallage, quae fit quotienscumque per contrarium uerba intelleguntur. sic alibi &quot;dare classibus austros&quot;, cum uentis naues demus, non nauibus uentos. item &quot;animumque labantem inpulit&quot;, hoc est inpellendo fecit labantem. 

{{ancora+|10|[[Aeneis/Liber I#10|10.]]}} {{sc|'''INSIGNEM'''}} PIETATE VIRUM quia patrem et deos penates de Troia sustulit. et hic ostendit merito se inuocasse musam. nam si iustus est Aeneas, cur odio deorum laborat?

{{ancora+|11|[[Aeneis/Liber I#11|11.]]}} {{sc|'''TANTAENE'''}} ANIMIS CAELESTIBUS IRAE hic iam non de qua litate iracundiae, sed de quantitate quaerit; nimia etenim ira est quae pietatis non habet considerationem. et hoc quidem secundum Stoicos dicit, {sed miratur, cur tantum} nam Epicurei dicunt deos humana penitus non curare. 'tantaene' quasi exclamatio est mirantis, cum es ipsa narratione sententiam trahentes nostram personam interponimus, ut &quot;'tanton' placuit concurrere motu&quot;. non nulli 'tantaene' legunt, ut interrogatio sit potius quam exclamatio. {{sc|'''ANIMIS'''}} CAELESTIBUS dis superis, nam apud inferos constat esse iracundiam, ubi sunt Furiae. 'animis' uero g-tois g-thumois.

{{ancora+|12|[[Aeneis/Liber I#12|12.]]}} {{sc|'''URBS'''}} ANTIQUA FUIT urbs dicta ab orbe, quod antiquae ciuitates in orbem fiebant; uel ab uruo, parte aratri, quo muri designabantur. et 'antiqua' autem et 'fuit' bene dixit, namque et ante septuaginta annos urbis Romae condita erat, et eam deleuerat Scipio Aemilianus. quae autem nunc est postea a Romanis est condita: unde antiquam accipe et ad conparationem istius quae nunc est, et Roma antiquiorem. alii 'antiqua' nobilis, 'fuit' autem pro 'erat' accipiunt. {{sc|'''TYRII'''}} TENVERE COLONI deest 'quam', uel ut alii uolunt 'hanc': amant namque antiqui per epexegesin dicere quod nos interposito pronomine exprimimus. item &quot;est locus Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt&quot; deest 'quem'. 'coloni' autem dicuntur cultores aduenae, et hos de Tyro constat uenisse qui Carthaginem condiderunt. sane ueteres colonias ita definiunt: colonia est coetus eorum hominum qui uniuersi deducti sunt in locum certum aedificiis munitum, quem certo iure obtinerent. alii: colonia est quae graece g-apoikia uocatur; dicta autem est a colendo; est autem pars ciuium aut sociorum missa, ubi rem publicam habeant ex consensu suae ciuitatis, aut publico eius populi unde profecta est consilio. hae autem coloniae sunt quae ex consensu publico, non ex secessione sunt conditae.

{{ancora+|13|[[Aeneis/Liber I#13|13.]]}} {{sc|'''ITALIAM'''}} CONTRA constat tria latera habere Italiam, superi maris, inferi, Alpium: unde tollendi erroris causa adiecit 'contra Tiberina ostia', quae in infero mari sunt. aut certe {ideo} 'Italiam contra' quasi de aemula dictum accipiamus, ut non tantum situ quantum et animis contra. Ostiam uero ideo ueteres consecratam esse uoluerunt, sicut Tiberim, ut si quid bello nauali ageretur, id auspicato fieret ex maritima et effata urbe, ut ubique coniunctum auspici, ut Tiberis, cum colonia esset. {{sc|'''LONGE'''}} ualde. Sallustius &quot;longe alia mihi mens est patres conscripti&quot;. aut certe 'maxime' uel 'praecipue', ut sit Carthago praecipue posita contra Tiberina ostia. Cicero pro Rabirio &quot;et cum uniuerso populo Romano, tum uero equestri ordini longe carissimus&quot;. 'Tiberina' autem pro Tiberis posuit. quidam sane ita uolunt iungi, non 'longe ostia', sed 'longe diues', id est ualde diues.

{{ancora+|14|[[Aeneis/Liber I#14|14.]]}} {{sc|'''DIVES'''}} OPUM modo tantum diues dicimus, antiqui adiungebant cuius rei, ut &quot;diues equum, diues pictai uestis et auri&quot; iungentes tantum genetiuo casui. {{sc|'''STVDIISQUE'''}} ASPERRIMA BELLI causam ostendit mirabilem, dicens hos esse et bellicosos et diuites, cum otiosa semper sit opulentia. iure ergo hanc diligit Iuno et uult orbis regna sortiri. quae res odia eius in Troianos exagitat. et bene 'studiis', non 'studio', quia ter rebellauit contra populum Romanum.

{{ancora+|15|[[Aeneis/Liber I#15|15.]]}} {{sc|'''FERTVR'''}} dicitur. et ingenti arte Vergilius, ne in rebus fabulosis aperte utatur poetarum licentia, quasi opinionem sequitur et per transitum poetico utitur more. uel certe 'fertur' creditur. {{sc|'''MAGIS'''}} pro ualde.

{{ancora+|16|[[Aeneis/Liber I#16|16.]]}} {{sc|'''POSTHABITA'''}} non contempta, sed in secundis habita; namque in superiore uersu dixit 'magis', ut etiam originali loco seruetur adfectio. {{sc|'''SAMO'''}} sic Iuuenalis &quot;et Samia genetrix quae delectatur harena&quot;. {{sc|'''COLUISSE'''}} SAMO deest 'etiam', ut esset 'posthabita etiam Samo'. 'coluisse' autem, quia ueteres colere dicebant etiam cum maior minorem diligeret, ut &quot;ille colit terras&quot;. Plautus in Poenulo &quot;Iuppiter qui genus colis alisque hominum&quot;. {{sc|'''HIC'''}} ILLIUS ARMA figura creberrima aduerbium pro aduerbio posuit, praesentis loci pro absentis; debuit enim dicere 'illic'. {{sc|'''ARMA'''}} instructam armis Iunonem in alio loco ipse testatur, ut &quot;ferro accincta uocat&quot;.

{{ancora+|17|[[Aeneis/Liber I#17|17.]]}} {{sc|'''CURRUS'''}} aut uere currum quo secundum Homerum in bello utitur, aut thensam significat, qua deorum simulacra portantur. thensa autem cum aspiratione scribitur g-apo g-tou g-theiou, id est a re diuina. aut certe illud 'currus' quod ait &quot;ductos alta ad donaria currus&quot;. habere enim Iunonem currus certum est. sic autem esse etiam in sacris Tiburtibus constat, ubi sic precantur &quot;Iuno curitis tuo curru clipeoque tuere meos curiae uernulas&quot;. sane {{sc|'''HIC'''}} ILLIUS ARMA, HIC CURRUS FUIT quotienscumque nomina pluralis et singularis numeri conectuntur, respondemus uiciniori, ut ecce hoc loco currui, non armis respondit. eadem et in diuersis generibus est obseruatio, ut magis uicino, siue masculinum sit siue femininum respondeamus, ut puta 'uir et mulier magna ad me uenit'. si autem plurali numero uelimus uti, ad masculinum transeamus necesse est, ut 'uir et mulier magni ad me uenerunt'. sane 'fuit' pro fuerat. {{sc|'''GENTIBUS'''}} pro gentium, datiuum pro genetiuo.

{{ancora+|18|[[Aeneis/Liber I#18|18.]]}} {{sc|'''SIQUA'''}} 'qua' uacat et est ornatus causa positum, ut 'que' 'tandem' 'gentium' 'locorum' et reliqua, ut &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. {{sc|'''IAM'''}} TUM ex quo constituta est a Tyriis colonis. {{sc|'''TENDITQUE'''}} FOVETQUE figurate dixit. non enim iam regnum fouet, sed tendit et fouet, ut regnum esse possit. et bene 'tendit', tamquam contra uerum, 'fouet' autem tamquam inbecillam aduersus Troianorum conatus. {{sc|'''PROGENIEM'''}} uel Romanos, uel ut quidam uolunt Scipionem, qui Carthaginem diruit.

{{ancora+|19|[[Aeneis/Liber I#19|19.]]}} {{sc|'''DUCI'''}} ductum iri. infinitiui modi a passiuo tempus praesens pro futuro posuit, uerbum pro uerbo, ut supra ostensum est. 

{{ancora+|20|[[Aeneis/Liber I#20|20.]]}} {{sc|'''AVDIERAT'''}} a Ioue aut a Fatis. non enim omnia numina habent diuinandi facultatem; denique ne ipse quidem Apollo sua sponte diuinat, ut est &quot;quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo praedixit&quot;. et perite 'audierat'; in Ennio enim inducitur Iuppiter promittens Romanis excidium Carthaginis. {{sc|'''AVDIERAT'''}} bene audierat quasi de incertis rebus, ut et timeret et speraret omnia pro sua uoluntate posse mutari. {{sc|'''TYRIAS'''}} ARCES Carthaginem dicit, quam Tyrii condiderunt. 'arces' autem ab eo quod est arceo dictae, quia inde hostes arcentur, id est prohibentur; et arcus, genus teli, quod huius ministerio sagittae arceant hostem. sane per confusionem uerbi et nominis dictum est; nam 'arces' est uerbum, arceo arces, cum non sit nomen. {{sc|'''OLIM'''}} quandoque. et tria tempora significat: praeteritum, ut &quot;olim arbos, nunc artificis manus aere decoro inclusit patribusque dedit gestare Latinis&quot;; praesens, ut &quot;tumidis quod fluctibus olim tunditur&quot;; futurum, ut &quot;nunc olim quocumque dabunt se tempore uires&quot;.

{{ancora+|21|[[Aeneis/Liber I#21|21.]]}} {{sc|'''HINC'''}} POPVLUM LATE REGEM a Romanis. laudat autem eorum imperium dicendo 'populum regem'. {{sc|'''LATE'''}} REGEM pro late regnaturum, nomen pro participio. quidam hoc demokratikos intellegunt. et 'hinc populum late regem belloque superbum uenturum excidio Libyae sic uoluere parcas' in Probi adpuncti sunt et adnotatum &quot;hi duo si eximantur, nihilo minus sensus integer erit&quot;. sed Vergilius amat aliud agens exire in laudes populi Romani. {{sc|'''SUPERBUM'''}} nobilem, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;. {{sc|'''BELLOQUE'''}} SUPERBUM id est eminentem, gloriosum.

{{ancora+|22|[[Aeneis/Liber I#22|22.]]}} {{sc|'''VENTVRUM'''}} futurum, ut &quot;idem uenturos tollemus in astra nepotes&quot;. {{sc|'''VENTVRUM'''}} EXCIDIO ad excidium. nota figura. {{sc|'''LIBYAE'''}} Carthaginis. et prouinciam pro ciuitate posuit. dicta autem Libya uel quod inde libs fiat, hoc est africus, uel ut Varro ait, quasi LIPIUIA, id est egens pluuiae. sic Sallustius &quot;caelo terraque penuria aquarum&quot;. {{sc|'''VOLVERE'''}} PARCAS aut a filo traxit 'uoluere' aut a libro; una enim loquitur, altera scribit, alia fila deducit. et dictae sunt parcae g-kata g-antiphrasin, quod nulli parcant, sicut lucus a non lucendo, bellum a nulla re bella. nomina parcarum Clotho Lachesis Atropos.

{{ancora+|23|[[Aeneis/Liber I#23|23.]]}} {{sc|'''ID'''}} METVENS bis idem. archaismos. sane de futuro timor est, odium de praeteritis. metuebat ergo Carthagini, odium autem habebat propter causas sequentes. et est de utroque exemplum &quot;conueniunt quibus aut odium crudele tyranni aut metus acer erat&quot;. {{sc|'''VETERIS'''}} BELLI quantum ad Vergilium pertinet, antiqui; si ad Iunonem referas, diu id est per decennium gesti. tunc autem ad personam referendum est, cum ipsa loquitur; quod si nulla persona sit, ad poetam refertur. nunc ergo 'ueteris' ex persona poetae intellegendum. sic ipse in alio loco &quot;mirantur dona Aeneae, mirantur Iulum flagrantesque dei uultus&quot; partem ad se rettulit, partem ad Tyrios, qui deum eum esse nesciebant. {{sc|'''SATVRNIA'''}} antonomasia est, non epitheton; quae fit quotiens pro proprio nomine ponitur quod potest esse cum proprio nomine et epitheton dici. 'Saturnia' autem nomen quasi ad crudelitatem aptum posuit; Vergilius enim ubicumque Ioui uel Iunoni Saturni nomen adiungit, causas eis crudelitatis adnectit, ut &quot;nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aequis&quot;. et alibi &quot;es germana Iouis Saturnique altera proles: irarum tantos uoluis sub pectore fluctus&quot;.

{{ancora+|24|[[Aeneis/Liber I#24|24.]]}} {{sc|'''PRIMA'''}} atqui Hercules prior contra Troianos pugnauit: unde modo 'prima' princeps accipienda est. nam poeta plerumque significationem nominum dat participiis, uel contra, ut &quot;uoluentibus annis&quot;, significat enim uolubilibus. hac licentia et in hoc nomine usus est, ut primam pro principe poneret. {{sc|'''PRIMA'''}} inter primos; alii pro olim; alii 'prima' simpliciter, postea enim alii dii interesse coeperunt; alii 'prima' non ordine, sed uoluntate. aliter &quot;primusque Machaon&quot;; ibi enim in primis intellegitur. {{sc|'''AD'''}} TROIAM 'ad' et 'apud' accusatiuae sunt praepositiones, sed 'apud' semper in loco significat, 'ad' et in loco et ad locum, ut &quot;ad quem tum Iuno supplex his uocibus usa est, et Cicero decem fiscos ad senatorem quendam relictos&quot;, item &quot;ad Marcum Laecam te habitare uelle dixisti&quot;. {{sc|'''CARIS'''}} ARGIS illic enim eam coli omnibus notum est. Argos autem in numero singulari generis neutri est, ut Horatius &quot;aptum dicet equis Argos ditesque Mycenas&quot;, in plurali numero masculini, ut hi Argi. ceterum deriuatio nominis Argiuos facit, non Argos.

{{ancora+|25|[[Aeneis/Liber I#25|25.]]}} {{sc|'''NECDUM'''}} ETIAM aduerbium temporis. quis ante hunc? {{sc|'''CAVSAE'''}} IRARUM nunc de praeteritis loquitur. non nulli tamen pro causa et dolore dictum accipiunt. {{sc|'''SAEVI'''}} autem {{sc|'''DOLORES'''}} quod saeuire faciant.

{{ancora+|26|[[Aeneis/Liber I#26|26.]]}} {{sc|'''ALTA'''}} MENTE REPOSTUM secreta, recondita. 'repostum' autem syncope est; unam enim de medio syllabam tulit. sed cum omnes sermones aut integri sint aut pathos habeant, hi qui pathos habent ita ut lecti sunt debent poni: quod etiam Maro fecit, nam &quot;repostos&quot; et &quot;porgite&quot; de Ennio transtulit: integris autem et ipsis utimur et eorum exemplo aliis.

{{ancora+|27|[[Aeneis/Liber I#27|27.]]}} {{sc|'''IVDICIUM'''}} PARIDIS nota fabula est de malo aureo, Paridem pro Venere contra Iunonem Mineruamque iudicasse de forma. et bene 'iudicium Paridis', non fauor, ne re uera uideatur offensa. sic enim agit poeta, ut et Iuno causas irascendi habeat, et tamen in Aenea nulla sit culpa. {{sc|'''SPRETAEQUE'''}} INIVRIA FORMAE epexegesis est, hoc enim fuit iudicium Paridis: ut 'que' particula uacet, sicut illo loco &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. licet multi separent dicentes aliud esse; numquam enim coniunctio ponitur nisi inter duas res. et 'spretae formae' referunt ad Antigonam, Laomedontis filiam, quam a Iunone propter formae adrogantiam in ciconiam constat esse conuersam.

{{ancora+|28|[[Aeneis/Liber I#28|28.]]}} {{sc|'''ET'''}} GENUS INVISUM propter Dardanum Electrae paelicis filium. {{sc|'''RAPTI'''}} stuprati, ut est &quot;rapta Garamantide nympha&quot;. item &quot;et raptas sine more Sabinas&quot;. uel certe quod ad caelum raptus sit a Ioue per aquilam, ut &quot;sublimem pedibus rapuit Iouis armiger uncis&quot;. {{sc|'''GANYMEDIS'''}} HONORES Troi, regis Troianorum, filii. 'honores' autem dixit uel propter ministerium poculorum, quod exhibuit diis remota Hebe, Iunonis filia, uel quod inter sidera conlocatus aquarii nomen accepit. ergo irascitur Iuno quod non ob hoc tantum raptus sit, ut pocula ministraret, sed quod ideo uiolatus sit, ut diuinos honores consequeretur. aut 'honores' propter formam, ut &quot;et laetos oculis adflarat honores&quot;. sane hic Ganymedes Latine Catamitus dicitur, licet Theodotius, qui Iliacas res perscripsit, hunc fuisse Belin Chaldaeum dicat et Laomedonti praedixisse, tunc perituram et ciuitatem et regnum Troianum, cum de monte Metios sponte fuisset saxum elapsum: quod cum euenisset, postea Ilium esse dirutam.

{{ancora+|29|[[Aeneis/Liber I#29|29.]]}} {{sc|'''HIS'''}} ACCENSA SUPER 'his super' aut de his, aut super metum Carthaginis his quoque accensa. 

{{ancora+|30|[[Aeneis/Liber I#30|30.]]}} {{sc|'''TROAS'''}} bona oeconomia ostendit, totum genus Troianorum inuisum fuisse Iunoni, quia inlaturus est Mineruam ob unius hominis delictum etiam eos quos amauerat perdidisse. {{sc|'''RELLIQUIAS'''}} ut stet uersus geminauit, nam in prosa reliquias dicimus. 'relliquias' autem 'Danaum' dupliciter et a Troianis et a Graecis dici possunt, ut &quot;et nostro sequitur de uulnere sanguis&quot;. {{sc|'''ATQUE'''}} INMITIS ACHILLI bene secundum Homerum segregat duces a populo. sic Aeneas in secundo post omnium casum Priami separauit interitum, ut &quot;forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras&quot;. inmitem autem dixit etiam circa extinctum crudelem. et ideo intulit Achillem praecipue, quod Aeneas cum Achille congressus sit et ut in quinto ait Neptuni beneficio liberatus. {{sc|'''ACHILLI'''}} propter homoioteleuton detraxit s litteram, quae plerumque pro sibilo habetur non solum necessitatis, sed etiam euphoniae causa: nam alibi ipse ait &quot;nec equis adspirat Achillis&quot;: ut Sallustius &quot;a principio urbis ad bellum Persi Macedonicum&quot;. detrahitur autem tertiae declinationis genetiuo. sane apud Sigeum Achillis statua fuisse dicitur, quae in lanna, id est in extima auris parte elenchum more femineo habuerit. hic apud Cretam insulam pemptus uocatus est, ut ueteres auctores tradunt.


{{ancora+|31|[[Aeneis/Liber I#31|31.]]}} {{sc|'''arcebat'''}} prohibebat. significat autem et 'continet'. Ennius &quot;qui fulmine claro omnia per sonitus arcet&quot;, id est continet. 

{{ancora+|32|[[Aeneis/Liber I#32|32.]]}} {{sc|'''acti fatis'''}}  nulla Iunonis inuidia est. {{sc|'''acti fatis'''}}  si odio Iunonis fatigabantur, quo modo dicit 'acti fatis'? sed hoc ipsum Iunonis odium fatale est. laborat enim Vergilius nihil Troianorum meritis, sed omnia fatis adscribere. est et alter sensus; nam fatum uoluntatem legimus, ut &quot;fatis Iunonis iniquae&quot;, id est uoluntate, ut hic intellegamus, agebantur fatis Iunonis, id est uoluntate. uel 'fatis' pro malis, ut &quot;nate Iliacis exercite fatis&quot;. {{sc|'''maria omnia'''}}  {{sc|'''circvm'''}} in fine accentum ponimus contra morem Latinum: sed corruptio hoc facit; namque praepositio postposita corrupta est sine dubio. 

{{ancora+|33|[[Aeneis/Liber I#33|33.]]}} {{sc|'''molis'''}} difficultatis. in sequentibus proprie &quot;miratur molem Aeneas&quot;. {{sc|'''romanam condere gentem'''}}  latenter ostendit hinc odium Iunonis Aeneam pertulisse, quod Romanae gentis auctor extabat. 

{{ancora+|34|[[Aeneis/Liber I#34|34.]]}} {{sc|'''vix'''}} hoc loco mox significat uel statim. {{sc|'''e conspectv'''}}  ut adhuc de Sicilia possent uideri. et ut Homerus omisit initia belli Troiani, sic hic non ab initio coepit erroris. 

{{ancora+|35|[[Aeneis/Liber I#35|35.]]}} {{sc|'''laeti'''}} uel alacres et ueloces, ut est &quot;et laetus eois Eurus equis&quot;, item &quot;et uirgea laetus pabula&quot;, id est festinus, cum intentione; uel re uera laeti, quamquam incongruum sit post Anchisae mortem. sed et interitus senum minus doletur, et 'magis laetos' intellegendum est, ut sit causa maior iracundiae. sic enim et in septimo Iuno irascitur, ubi &quot;laetum Aenean Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno&quot;. uel 'laeti' g-prothumoi, ut &quot;omnisque iuuentus laeta&quot;. {{sc|'''salis'''}} maris secundum Homerum. salem autem quo utimur singulari numero tantum dicimus; cum iocos significamus pluralem tantum ponimus numerum, ut Lucanus &quot;non soliti lusere sales&quot;. aliquando autem etiam urbanitatem per singularem numerum significamus, ut Terentius &quot;qui habet salem, quod in te est&quot;, id est quae res in te est, masculini enim generis est, non neutri: et neutra triptota sunt, nec ab hoc accusatiuo nominatiuus esse potest 'hoc salem'. 

{{ancora+|36|[[Aeneis/Liber I#36|36.]]}} {{sc|'''svb pectore'''}}  pro in pectore. {{sc|'''vvlnvs'''}} de praeterito dolorem dixit, de futuro metum, ad utrumque 'uulnus' rettulit. 

{{ancora+|37|[[Aeneis/Liber I#37|37.]]}} {{sc|'''haec secvm'''}}  subaudimus locuta est, deest enim. et hoc fictum est, ut superius diximus. unde enim hoc sciret poeta? bene autem inpatientiam doloris ostendit detrahendo ei solatia, ut in quarto solam inducit Didonem &quot;en quid ago?&quot; {{sc|'''haec secvm'''}}  quia uehementior adfectus est sine conscio, ut &quot;et casum insontis mecum indignabar amici&quot; et &quot;crudelia secum fata Lyci&quot;. e contrario &quot;quicum partiri curas&quot;. {{sc|'''mene'''}} 'ne' non uacat, significat enim ergo et est coniunctio rationalis. {{sc|'''incepto desistere'''}}  tolerabilius enim est non inchoare, quam incepta deserere, ut Terentius &quot;uerum si incipias, neque pertendas nauiter&quot;. et 'mene' sic habet emphasin, ut &quot;ast ego, quae diuum incedo regina&quot;. {{sc|'''victam'''}} sic et in septimo &quot;uincor ab Aenea&quot;. se uictam pronuntiat uelut uictam. alii iratam tradunt. 

{{ancora+|38|[[Aeneis/Liber I#38|38.]]}} {{sc|'''nec posse italia'''}}  detraxit more suo praepositionem prouinciae; non enim dixit 'de Italia', sed 'Italia'. {{sc|'''tevcrorvm'''}} quia Teucer et Scamandrus Creta profecti Troiam uenerunt. facta ascensione hospitio a Dardano accepti de aduenis ciues facti, quia Batiam, Teucri filiam, Dardanus sibi iunxit et populares suos socero cognomines fecit. {{sc|'''avertere'''}} id est in perpetuum. {{sc|'''regem'''}} hoc est, quia nihil amisit, rex est. et mire Aeneam noluit nominare. honorantur enim minores a maioribus si suo nomine fuerint nominati, ut &quot;Aeole, namque tibi&quot;. contra contumelia est si maiores a minoribus suo nomine nominantur, ut &quot;Iunonis grauis ira&quot;. et &quot;pacem te poscimus omnes Turne&quot;. et bene 'regem' inuidiose; non enim dixit Troianos, sed unum hominem Troianum. 

{{ancora+|39|[[Aeneis/Liber I#39|39.]]}} {{sc|'''qvippe vetor fatis'''}}  re uera, inquit, fata me prohibent. ergo Iuno ignorat uim fatorum. sed hoc non possumus dicere, quia superius lectum est &quot;si qua fata sinant et audierat&quot;. hoc ergo est. omnis res hominum aut ex nostra uoluntate descendit, ut puta sedere surgere; aut ex fati necessitate, ut nasci mori; aut ex deorum uoluntate, ut nauigare uel honoribus frui. nunc de nauigatione agitur; et bene inuidiose, quasi etiam huius rei potestatem ei possint fata detrahere. est et alter sensus latens, ut speret se reginam contra exulum fata posse aliquid, si Mineruae numen inferius ualuit contra fata uictorum. PALLASNE Minerua g-apo g-tou g-pallein g-to g-doru, id est ab hastae concussione; uel quod Pallantem gigantem occiderit. sane opportune hic Aiacis naufragium ad exemplum adfert, cum de naufragio Aeneae cogitat. et cum bellum meditatur, belli exemplum adfert &quot;Mars perdere gentem inmanem Lapithum ualuit&quot;. 'ne' autem coniunctio expletiua uidetur. an aliter? {{sc|'''exvrere'''}} exuri dicitur de quo nihil superest, ut &quot;quid memorem exustas Erycino in litore classes?&quot; {{sc|'''classem'''}} ad inuidiam posuit, ut pro una naui classem dicat. sic Venus &quot;nauibus infandum amissis&quot;, cum Orontes solus perisset. aut re uera unam nauem significat, ut Horatius &quot;me uel extremos Numidarum in agros classe releget&quot;. classis enim dicta est g-apo g-tohn g-kalohn, id est a lignis, unde et calones dicuntur qui ligna militibus portant, et g-kalopodia. 


{{ancora+|40|[[Aeneis/Liber I#40|40.]]}} {{sc|'''argivvm'''}} quasi et illud contra fata. et 'Argiuum' pro Argiuorum; uidetur autem specie accusatiui singularis pro genetiuo plurali usus. et bene 'Argiuum' quasi quos ipsa Iuno amat, ut supra &quot;pro caris gesserat Argis&quot;. {{sc|'''potvit'''}} ad illud refertur quod superius dixit 'nec posse'. et inuidiose potentiam Mineruae exaggerat, quae uno tempore et exurere potuit et submergere. 

{{ancora+|41|[[Aeneis/Liber I#41|41.]]}} {{sc|'''vnivs ob noxam'''}} in istis sermonibus unius illius ipsius naturaliter media producitur syllaba, sed cum opus est corripitur hac excusatione: nam quotiens uocalem longam uocalis sequitur, ei uires detrahit, ut est &quot;insulae Ionio in magno et sub Ilio alto&quot;. et ob hoc mutant accentum; in Latino enim sermone cum paenultima corripitur, antepaenultima habet accentum, ut hoc loco 'unius ob noxam' et contra &quot;nauibus infandum amissis unius ob iram prodimur&quot;. {{sc|'''noxam'''}} pro 'noxiam'. et hoc interest inter noxam et noxiam, quod noxia culpa est, noxa autem poena. quidam noxa quae nocuit, noxia id quod nocitum accipiunt. sane latenter tangit historiam; dicitur enim Minerua in tantum ob uitiatam Cassandram in templo suo solius Aiacis poena non fuisse contenta, ut postea per oraculum de eius regno quotannis unam nobilem puellam iusserit Ilium sibi ad sacrificium mitti, et quod est amplius, de ea tribu, de qua Aiax fuerat, sicut Annaeus Placidus refert. {{sc|'''fvrias'''}} amorem, ut in bucolicis &quot;seu quicumque furor&quot;. alii sic accipiunt, quasi illum in furore deliquisse dicat, Troianos scientes. OILI Oilei. et non uacat; nam et duo Aiaces fuerunt, et ambo furuerunt, sed ira armorum Telamonius, hic amore, qui Cassandram in templo Mineruae capto Ilio stuprauit. et est graeca figura, si dicamus 'Aeneas Anchisae' et subaudiamus filius. hac autem figura utimur circa patres et circa maritos tantum, ut Vergilius &quot;Deiphobe Glauci&quot;, id est filia, et &quot;Hectoris Andromache&quot;, id est uxor. sane hic Aiax, Oilei filius a multis historicis Graecis tertiam manum dicitur post tergum habuisse quod ideo dicitur fictum, quia sic celeriter utebatur in proelio manibus, ut tertiam habere putaretur. 

{{ancora+|42|[[Aeneis/Liber I#42|42.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa'''}} bene ipsa; dulcis enim est propria manu quaesita uindicta: unde plus dolet Iuno alienis se uiribus niti, ut Aeoli uel inferorum, sicut ipsa &quot;flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta mouebo&quot;. {{sc|'''rapidvm'''}} uelocem, ut est &quot;cum rapidus sol nondum hiemem contingit equis, iam praeterit aestas&quot; item &quot;rapidiue potentia solis&quot;. {sed} cum Varro diuinarum quinto quattuor diis fulmina adsignet, inter quos et Mineruae, quaeritur, cur Minerua Iouis fulmen miserit. antiqui Iouis solius putauerunt esse fulmen, nec id unum esse, ut testantur Etrusci libri de fulguratura, in quibus duodecim genera fulminum scripta sunt, ita ut est Iouis Iunonis Mineruae, sic quoque aliorum: nam de Iunonis fulmine Accius ait &quot;praeferuido fulgore ardor iniectus Iunonis dextra ingenti incidit&quot;. quare tum non posuit Mineruam misisse fulmen suum? sed multi dicunt, habere quidem Mineruam ut Iouem et Iunonem fulmen, sed non tantum ualere, ut uindictam suam possit implere, nisi usa esset Iouis fulmine: unde merito queritur Iuno, Mineruam, cum de numero minorum sit qui fulmen habent, usam tamen Iouis fulmine. {{sc|'''iacvlata'''}} in libris Etruscorum lectum est iactus fulminum manubias dici et certa esse numina possidentia fulminum iactus, ut Iouem Vulcanum Mineruam. cauendum ergo est, ne aliis hoc numinibus demus. et 'iaculata' pro iaculans, participium passiuum pro actiuo. {{sc|'''e nvbibvs'''}} secundum physicos qui dicunt conlisione nubium fulmen creari. et indignatur Iuno, quod, cum nubes suae sint, pariter eis Minerua ac Iouis fulmine usa sit, cum sibi neutrum prosit. 

{{ancora+|43|[[Aeneis/Liber I#43|43.]]}} {{sc|'''disiecitqve'''}} quidam uolunt fulminum genera quattuor esse: unum quod dicitur dissiciens idemque fragosum, alterum transfigens, tertium corripiens, quartum infigens: quas omnes species more suo in unius fulguris descriptione attigit dicens primum 'disiecitque rates', secundum 'illum expirantem transfixo pectore', tertium 'turbine corripuit', quartum 'scopuloque infixit acuto'. {{sc|'''rates'''}} abusiue naues; nam proprie rates sunt conexae inuicem trabes. Varro ad Ciceronem &quot;ratis dicta nauis longa propter remos, quod hi supra aquam sublati dextra et sinistra duas rates efficere uidentur. ratis enim, unde hoc translatum, ubi plures mali aut trabes iuncti aqua ducuntur. hinc nauiculae cum remis ratariae dicuntur&quot;. 

{{ancora+|44|[[Aeneis/Liber I#44|44.]]}} {{sc|'''illvm'''}} auctorem scilicet criminis. {{sc|'''expirantem flammas'''}} non animam dicit 'flammas', sed cum anima fulminis flammas uomentem. et ut superius pleno nomini adiecit 'opum', id est &quot;diues opum&quot;, sic hic uerbo; cum enim plenum sit 'expirantem', addidit 'flammas', ut alio loco 'animas', ut &quot;confixi expirant animas&quot;. alii 'expirantem' anhelantem accipiunt. Probus et 'tempore' legit, ut ipse &quot;liquefacto tempora plumbo&quot;. sed qui legunt 'pectore' de Accio translatum adfirmant, qui ait in Clytemestra de Aiace &quot;in pectore fulmen inchoatum flammam ostentabat Iouis&quot;. qui 'tempore' legunt de topica historia tractum dicunt; nam Ardeae in templo Castoris et Pollucis in laeua intrantibus post forem Capaneos pictus est fulmen per utraque tempora traiectus. et singulare nomen pro plurali. totius autem Italiae curiosissimum fuisse Vergilium multifariam apparet. 

{{ancora+|45|[[Aeneis/Liber I#45|45.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrbine'''}} uolubilitate uentorum. {{sc|'''scopvlo'''}} saxo eminenti. 'scopulus' autem aut a speculando dictus est, aut a tegimento nauium, g-apo g-tou g-skepazein. contigerunt autem ista circa Caphereum montem Euboeae. INFIXIT Cornutus ait 'inflixit' uerius, quod sit uehementius. 

{{ancora+|46|[[Aeneis/Liber I#46|46.]]}} {{sc|'''ast ego'''}}  nunc conparat singula. et ne leue esset quod dixerat 'ego', addidit 'deorum regina'; sic Sallustius &quot;uos autem, hoc est populus Romanus&quot;. {{sc|'''divvm'''}} autem pro diuorum, sicut 'Argiuum'. {{sc|'''incedo'''}} incedere proprie est nobilium personarum, hoc est cum aliqua dignitate ambulare, ut &quot;regina ad templum forma pulcherrima Dido incessit et aut iaculo incedit melior&quot;, Sallustius &quot;sed incedunt per ora uestra magnifici&quot;. 

{{ancora+|47|[[Aeneis/Liber I#47|47.]]}} {{sc|'''et soror et conivnx'''}}  physici Iouem aetherem, id est ignem uolunt intellegi, Iunonem uero aerem, et quoniam tenuitate haec elementa paria sunt, dixerunt esse germana. sed quoniam Iuno, hoc est aer, subiectus est igni, id est Ioui, iure superposito elemento mariti traditum nomen est. Iouem autem a iuuando dixerunt; nulla enim res sic fouet omnia, quemadmodum calor. {{sc|'''tot annos'''}} licenter in istis elocutionibus et accusatiuo et ablatiuo utimur. dicimus enim et 'tota nocte legi' et 'totam noctem legi'. honestior tamen elocutio est per accusatiuum. sane 'tot annos' continuationem significat, 'tot annis' autem interuallum. 

{{ancora+|48|[[Aeneis/Liber I#48|48.]]}} {{sc|'''et qvisqvam'''}}  non Troianorum, sed omnium generaliter. {{sc|'''ivnonis'''}} autem pro 'meum', nomen pro pronomine. 

{{ancora+|49|[[Aeneis/Liber I#49|49.]]}} {{sc|'''praeterea'''}} postea, ut &quot;praeterea uidit, nec portitor Orci amplius obiectam passus transire paludem&quot;. {{sc|'''svpplex'''}} breuiter utrumque dixit; aut enim suscipiuntur uota precibus, aut honore redduntur. et ostendere uult, non solum non sibi supplicandum, sed nec simplici ueneratione dignam futuram. 


{{ancora+|50|[[Aeneis/Liber I#50|50.]]}} {{sc|'''talia flammato'''}}  quod superius intermiserat nunc reddidit. nam dixerat superius 'haec secum' et modo ait 'uolutans', id est cogitans. multi sane 'talia uolutans' talia reuolutans accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|51|[[Aeneis/Liber I#51|51.]]}} {{sc|'''nimborvm'''}} nimbi nunc uentos significant, plerumque nubes uel pluuias: ergo prout locus fuerit intellegamus. proprie tamen nimbi uocantur repentinae et praecipites pluuiae; nam pluuias dicimus lentas et iuges. et figurate 'patriam, loca'; unum enim uarietas ipsa significat. {{sc|'''loca feta'''}} nunc plena, ut alio loco &quot;feta armis&quot;. sciendum est autem fetam dici et grauidam et partu liberatam, ut &quot;fecerat et uiridi fetam Mauortis in antro&quot;; enixam autem eam fuisse lac, quod pueris praebebatur, ostendit. item fetam grauidam illo loco ostendit, &quot;non insueta graues temptabunt pabula fetas&quot;. ergo quia feta medius sermo est, bene hoc loco epitheto discreuit, dicens 'graues fetas', ut bonum facinus et malum facinus dicimus, bonum uenenum et malum uenenum. {{sc|'''avstris'''}} figura est celebrata apud Vergilium: et est species pro genere. legerat apud Ennium &quot;furentibus uentis&quot;, sed quasi asperum fugit et posuit 'austris' pro uentis. 

{{ancora+|52|[[Aeneis/Liber I#52|52.]]}} {{sc|'''aeoliam venit'''}}  nouem insulae, quae sunt post fretum Siciliae, appellantur Aeoliae ab Aeolo rege, Hippotae filio, licet habeant et propria nomina. unde et Vergilius ait &quot;Aeoliam Liparen&quot;. poetae quidem fingunt hunc regem esse uentorum, sed ut Varro dicit, rex fuit insularum, ex quarum nebulis et fumo Vulcaniae insulae praedicens futura flabra uentorum inperitis uisus est uentos sua potestate retinere. {{sc|'''aeoliam venit'''}} in Aeoliam. detraxit ⟨praepositionem⟩, ut &quot;Italiam fato&quot;. Aeolus Hippotae siue Iouis siue Neptuni filius. qui cum immineret bellum, quo Tyrrhenus, Lipari frater, Peloponnesum uastare proposuisset, missus ab Agamemnone, ut freta tueretur, peruenit ad Liparum, qui supra dictas insulas regebat imperio, factaque amicitia Cyanam filiam eius in matrimonium sumpsit et Strongulam insulam in qua maneret accepit. {{sc|'''hic'''}} illic, ut superius &quot;hic currus fuit&quot;. {{sc|'''vasto antro'''}} physica ratione hoc fingit poeta. naturale enim est ut loca concaua plena sint uentis. sane 'uasto' pro desolato ueteres ponebant. Ennius Iphigenia &quot;quae nunc abs te uiduae et uastae uirgines sunt&quot;. ponebant et pro magno. Clodius commentariorum &quot;uasta: inania magna&quot;. 

{{ancora+|53|[[Aeneis/Liber I#53|53.]]}} {{sc|'''lvctantes'''}} elaborantes egredi uel inter se saeuientes. {{sc|'''sonoras'''}} graues sonis, et est tempestatis epitheton. ordo autem talis est, Aeolus uentos et tempestates sonoras uasto antro premit. quidam 'sonoras' semper strepentes tradunt, ut &quot;fluminibusque sonoris&quot;; nam sonorum est quidquid sine intermissione sonum seruat, sonans uero quod ad tempus auditur. male autem quidam accipiunt 'sonoras' pro sonantes, cum sit proprium 'sonoras', ut g-thalassa g-te g-ehchehessa. aliud est enim g-ehchousa, id est sonans. 

{{ancora+|54|[[Aeneis/Liber I#54|54.]]}} {{sc|'''ac vinclis et carcere frenat'''}}  translatio est per poeticam licentiam facta. carcer autem est undecumque prohibemur exire, dictus quasi arcer ab arcendo. locum autem, in quo seruantur noxii, carcerem dicimus numero tantum singulari; unde uero erumpunt quadrigae, carceres dicimus numero tantum plurali, licet plerumque usurpet poeta, ut est &quot;ruuntque effusi carcere currus&quot;. alii uinclis carceris tradunt, ut &quot;quam ferro excisam crebrisque bipennibus instant&quot;. 

{{ancora+|55|[[Aeneis/Liber I#55|55.]]}} {{sc|'''illi indignantes'''}}  hic aperte ostendit, quid sit 'luctantes'. {{sc|'''magno cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} non circum montis claustra, sed cum magno montis murmure fremebant. et est maior sensus: sic fremebant, ut etiam antra possent sonare. {{sc|'''cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} sic dixit Pacuuius &quot;murmur maris&quot;, quia uentos murmur sequitur, ut ipse alibi &quot;magno misceri murmure pontum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|56|[[Aeneis/Liber I#56|56.]]}} {{sc|'''circvm fremvnt'''}}  quidam hoc loco 'fremunt' id est imperia recusant intellegunt, ut apud Cassium in annalium secundo &quot;ne quis regnum occuparet, si plebs nostra fremere imperia coepisset&quot;, id est recusare. ita et hic ostendit uentos imperia recusantes. non numquam 'fremere' uelle significat, ut &quot;arma amens fremit, arma toro tectisque requirit&quot;. {{sc|'''celsa arce'''}} secundum quod superius diximus. uenti enim melius deprehenduntur ex alto. {{sc|'''sedet'''}} non otiatur, sed curat; apud antiquos enim 'sedet' considerat significabat, ut alio loco ait &quot;Turnus sacrata ualle sedebat&quot;. 

{{ancora+|57|[[Aeneis/Liber I#57|57.]]}} {{sc|'''mollitqve animos'''}}  id est uentos g-apo g-tohn g-anemohn, ut ipse alibi &quot;quantum ignes animaeque ualent&quot; et Horatius &quot;inpellunt animae lintea Thraciae&quot;. 'mollit' autem ideo dixit, ut per transitum ostenderet, uitia naturae nulla ratione mutari, sed mitigari aliquatenus posse. 

{{ancora+|58|[[Aeneis/Liber I#58|58.]]}} {{sc|'''maria ac terras caelvmqve profvndvm'''}}  atqui quattuor elementa sunt, terra aqua aer aether. sed hoc loco rite praetermisit aetherem, quia uenti non turbant superiora, ut ait Lucanus &quot;pacem summa tenent&quot;, sed aut terras aut maria aut aerem. nam caelum hoc loco pro aere posuit, ut Lucretius &quot;in hoc caelo qui dicitur aer&quot;. 'profundum' autem et sublime dicitur {et profundum mare}, ut 'supremum' ⟨et⟩ altum &quot;pro supreme Iuppiter&quot;, ⟨et⟩ postremum. potest et ad maria et ad terras referri. quidam 'profundum' in profundum accipiunt, alii pro funditus. et sicut hic 'profundum' in altitudinem, sic alibi fastigia de infima parte &quot;forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras&quot;. 

{{ancora+|59|[[Aeneis/Liber I#59|59.]]}} {{sc|'''ferant'''}} auferant; et est aphaeresis. {{sc|'''rapidi'''}} ueloces, ut supra. {{sc|'''verrantqve'''}} uerrere est trahere, a rete, quod uerriculum dicitur. est autem principalitas uerbi uerro uerris, praeteritum uersi, unde et fit participium uersus, hinc alibi &quot;et uersa puluis inscribitur hasta&quot;, id est tracta. 


{{ancora+|60|[[Aeneis/Liber I#60|60.]]}} {{sc|'''spelvncis atris'''}}  uel tenebrosis, uel magnis. 

{{ancora+|61|[[Aeneis/Liber I#61|61.]]}} {{sc|'''id metvens'''}}  timens. ergo Iuppiter timet, non sibi, sed elementis, ne turbentur eruptione uentorum, ut si bellorum tempore dicas uirum fortem timere, non sibi, sed liberis suis. {{sc|'''hoc metvens'''}} prouidens cauens. {{sc|'''molemqve et montes'''}} id est molem montis. et est figura, ut una res in duas diuidatur, metri causa interposita coniunctione, ut alio loco &quot;pateris libamus et auro&quot;, id est pateris aureis. 

{{ancora+|62|[[Aeneis/Liber I#62|62.]]}} {{sc|'''foedere'''}} modo lege, alias pace, quae fit inter dimicantes. foedus autem dictum uel a fetialibus, id est sacerdotibus per quos fiunt foedera, uel a porca foede, hoc est lapidibus occisa, ut ipse &quot;et caesa iungebant foedera porca&quot;. 

{{ancora+|63|[[Aeneis/Liber I#63|63.]]}} {{sc|'''et premere et laxas sciret dare ivssvs habenas'''}}  permansit in translatione, ut &quot;uinclis et carcere frenat&quot;. 'iussus' autem ob hoc posuit, quia suo nihil facit imperio. nam tolle hoc, et maior est omnibus diis, si ad eius uoluntatem possunt elementa confundi: ut ipse &quot;Aeolus mihi iussa capessere fas est&quot;. simul uentorum ostenditur uis, quibus parum fuerat montem superponi, nisi et regem acciperent, qui ipse quoque alieno pareret imperio. ET PREMERE E- L- S- D- I- H- alioquin Iunoni obsequi non posset. alii 'iussus' ita intellegunt, non cum iuberetur eum hoc facere, sed ita administrare, ut etiam iussus erat, secundum desiderium temporum. 

{{ancora+|64|[[Aeneis/Liber I#64|64.]]}} {{sc|'''ad'''}} apud quem, ut supra. 

{{ancora+|65|[[Aeneis/Liber I#65|65.]]}} {{sc|'''aeole'''}} rhetoricum est in omni petitione haec obseruare, ut possit praestare qui petitur, ut sit possibilitas, ut sit res iusta quae petitur, ut habeat modum petitio, ut sequatur remuneratio. et sciendum est secundum hunc ordinem omnes petitiones formare Vergilium, ut in hoc loco possibilitas est 'et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere uento'. iusta petitio est 'gens inimica mihi'; omne enim quod contra inimicos petimus iustum est. modus petitionis est 'et dissice corpora ponto'. remuneratio 'sunt mihi bis septem praestanti c- n-'. {{sc|'''aeole incvte vim ventis'''}} ordo ipse est. et est figura parenthesis. inter parenthesin et ellipsin hoc interest, quod parenthesis es quotiens remota de medio sententia integer sermo perdurat; plenum namque est 'Aeole incute uim uentis'. item &quot;Aeneas rapidum ad naues praemittit Achatem&quot;. ellipsis autem est quotiens remotis interpositis deest aliquid, ut est &quot;quos ego - post mihi non simili poena&quot;; deest enim 'adfligam'. {{sc|'''aeole'''}} sane antiqui quotiens a minoribus beneficium petebant, a nomine incipiebant, et erat honoratius si nomen ipsius ante praeferrent. DIVUM PATER ATQUE HOMINUM REX Iuppiter. et periphrasis est, id est circumlocutio. 'pater' autem a Vergilio ad eminentiam ponitur, ut &quot;pater Aeneas&quot; et &quot;pater Appenninus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|66|[[Aeneis/Liber I#66|66.]]}} {{sc|'''et mvlcere dedit flvctvs et tollere vento'''}}  aliud pendet ex alio; nam qui potest mulcere, potest et tollere, id est erigere in tempestatem. 'mulcere' autem delenire. hinc mulsum quod dulcedine animos nostros permulceat. alii 'mulcere' mitigare, mollire uel fouere. 

{{ancora+|67|[[Aeneis/Liber I#67|67.]]}} {{sc|'''gens'''}} sermo hic et nationem significat et familiam, sed nunc ad utrumque potest referri. nam aut ad familiam Aeneae aut ad Troianam gentem refertur. {{sc|'''tyrrhenvm'''}} tyrrhenus cum fratre Lydo regnum ea indulgentia tenuit, ut ingens frequentia populi his contingeret: quae causa summam rerum fecit inopiam, nullo patriam relinquente aut uolente peregrinari, quia tanta bonitas erat in regibus. consilium igitur habuerunt, ut partiti turbam, quam alere non poterant, alternis diebus abstinerent a cibis lusibusque uacaretur. atque hac lasciuia excogitauerunt talorum tesserarumque iactus pilaeque lusum et tibiae modulationem et concentum symphoniae tubarumque, quibus auocati ciues facilius tolerarent ieiunium. nouissime tamen quia uincebat necessitas nec ulla consilia famem releuarent, sortiti sunt, uter ex fratribus cum parte populi abiret in quas sors terras dedisset. cum Tyrrhenus sorte iussus discederet, in mari quod Tyrrhenum ab eo uocatur periit. cuius filius Tuscus cum populo euasit in regionem Tusciam, quae ab eo nomen accepit. {{sc|'''tyrrhenvm'''}} tyrrhenum mare dictum est uel quod Tusciam adluit, id est Tyrrheniam, uel certe a Tyrrhenis nautis, qui se in hoc mare praecipitauerunt. namque hoc habet fabula, dormientem in litore Liberum patrem puerum nautas abstulisse Tyrrhenos. qui cum esset experrectus in naui, quo duceretur rogauit; responderunt illi, quo uellet. Liber ait ad Naxum insulam sibi sacratam. at coeperunt alio uela deflectere, quam ob rem iratum numen tigres sibi sacratas iussit uideri, quo terrore se illi in fluctus dedere praecipites. alii dicunt, quod stuprum Libero patri inferre temptauerint ac propterea hoc pertulerint. {{sc|'''mihi navigat'''}} id est in meum dolorem. {{sc|'''navigat aeqvor'''}} figura Graeca est; nos enim dicimus per aequor nauigat. similiter etiam alio loco &quot;terram, mare, sidera iuro&quot;, cum latinitas exigat, ut addatur praepositio per. et non uacat quod 'Tyrrhenum' addidit; uidetur enim dicere, iam eis Italiam esse uicinam. 

{{ancora+|68|[[Aeneis/Liber I#68|68.]]}} {{sc|'''ilivm in italiam portans'''}}  id est res Ilienses. et inuidiose dicit Ilium, quasi ipsam cernat ciuitatem, cum Troianos aspexerit. et bene 'Ilium', hoc est quam fata stare noluerint. {{sc|'''victosqve penates'''}} a Graecis. tacite occurrit quaestioni: portat quidem deos, sed uictos, hoc est contemnendos, ne facere contra inuictos nollet. 

{{ancora+|69|[[Aeneis/Liber I#69|69.]]}} {{sc|'''incvte vim ventis'''}}  duplex sensus est: 'incute' enim si inice significat, 'uentis' datiuus est casus, hoc est, parua est eorum, etiam tu eis da magnam uim; si autem 'fac', septimus casus est, et erit sensus: fac uim Troianis per uentos, hoc est, per uentos uim in Troianos incute. Ennius &quot;dictis Romanis incutit iram&quot;. {{sc|'''svbmersasqve obrve pvppes'''}} ordo est ⟨inuersus⟩ in sensu; ante enim est ut obruantur fluctibus, et sic submerguntur. tota autem Iunonis petitio in sequentibus explanatur. SUBMERSASQUE OBRVE P- id est obrue, ut submergas. 


{{ancora+|70|[[Aeneis/Liber I#70|70.]]}} {{sc|'''avt age diversos'''}}  hoc est disperge illos per diuersa, ne ad Italiam ueniant; duobus enim generibus deletur exercitus, aut internecione aut dispersione. {{sc|'''et dissice corpora'''}} hic mutauit coniunctionem, nam dicendum erat 'aut dissice corpora'. {{sc|'''corpora ponto'''}} tam uirorum quam nauium, ut ipse alio loco cum de nauibus loqueretur &quot;et toto descendit corpore pestis&quot;. sciendum sane est artem hanc esse petitionis, ut minora inpetrare cupientes maiora poscamus: quod etiam nunc Iuno facit. scit namque se fatis obstare non posse, sed hoc agit, ut eos arceat ab Italia. 

{{ancora+|71|[[Aeneis/Liber I#71|71.]]}} {{sc|'''svnt mihi bis septem'''}}  non sine ratione Iuno nymphas dicitur sua potestate retinere; ipsa est enim aer, de quo nubes creantur, ut est &quot;atque in nubem cogitur aer&quot;, ex nubibus aquae, quas nymphas esse non dubium est. ideo autem nympham Aeolo pollicetur, quia uentorum rex est, qui aquae motu creantur. bene ergo ei iungitur origo uentorum. sane notant Vergilium critici, quia marito promittit uxorem: quod excusat regia licentia, ut Sallustius &quot;denas alii alii plures habent, sed reges eo amplius&quot;. uel certe quod ex priore coniuge inprobos filios Aeolus habuerit, uel quod haec quam promittit inmortalis est. alii uolunt Iunonem per iram oblitam, Aeolum uxorem et filios habere; quod exinde adserunt, quia Aeolus ad haec nihil ei responderit. et bene Iuno sic pollicetur, quasi Aeolo beneficium ante non concesserit. econtra Aeolus non ad praesens, sed ad praeteritum respondit 'tu mihi quodcumque hoc regni est'. {{sc|'''praestanti corpore nymphae'''}} bene etiam istas laudat, ut maior sit in Deiopea pulchritudinis gloria. laudabilius enim est superare laudatos, ut ipse ad maiorem Aeneae gloriam laudat et Turnum. harum autem quattuordecim nomina, ut quidam uolunt, in Georgicis inuenimus. 'praestanti' autem 'corpore' pro praestantis corporis, ablatiuum pro genetiuo. 

{{ancora+|72|[[Aeneis/Liber I#72|72.]]}} {{sc|'''qvarvm qvae forma'''}}  dicimus et per se 'quarum quae pulcherrima', et plus ornauit inferendo 'forma pulcherrima'. 

{{ancora+|73|[[Aeneis/Liber I#73|73.]]}} {{sc|'''convbio ivngam'''}}  deest eam; et conubium est ius legitimi matrimonii. et bene 'conubio iungam' dixit, ut hanc ab aliis segregaret, quae a regibus sine lege habentur. solent enim reges inter plures uni praecipuum dare nomen uxoris. et 'conubio' nu breuem posuit, cum naturaliter longa sit. nubo enim, unde habet originem, longa est. sed est tropus systole, qui fit quotienscumque longa corripitur syllaba propter metri necessitatem. ipse alio loco longam posuit, ut est &quot;Hectoris Andromache Pyrrhin conubia seruas?&quot; item &quot;cuique loci leges dedimus, conubia nostra reppulit&quot; et &quot;per conubia nostra&quot; et &quot;Nomadumque petam conubia supplex&quot;. sciendum tamen est, quia plerumque in conpositione uel deriuatione principalitatis natura corrumpitur. {{sc|'''convbio ivngam stabili propriamqve dicabo'''}} multa in unum contulit uersum quae Iuno promittit; dicendo enim 'conubio' ostendit legitimam, dicendo 'stabili' longam promittit concordiam, id est quae diuortio careat, dicendo 'propriam' adulterii remouet suspitionem. quod autem adiecit 'dicabo' obsequentem eam fore demonstrat. in usu enim est ut dicamus, sacerdos dicatus est numini, hoc est ad obsequium datus est. alii 'dicabo' dabo accipiunt. Terentius &quot;iam hanc operam tibi dico&quot;, id est do, sicuti ab eo quod est dico participium a passiuo dictus facit, ut est &quot;Iunoni infernae dictus sacer&quot;, quamuis alibi lectum sit &quot;templis sibi ferre dicatis&quot;. 'propriam dicabo' autem deest 'tibi eam'. 'propriam' autem possumus uel firmam uel perpetuam accipere, ut &quot;si proprium hoc fuerit&quot;. Terentius &quot;nihilne esse cuiquam proprium&quot; et &quot;quod uoluptates eorum propriae sunt&quot; et &quot;da propriam, Thymbraee, domum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|74|[[Aeneis/Liber I#74|74.]]}} {{sc|'''omnes annos'''}}  bene, quia dea est; non enim usque ad senectutem. {{sc|'''meritis'''}} praestitis, ut alibi &quot;nec te regina negabo promeritam&quot;, id est praestitisse. et alterum pendet ex altero; meritum enim non nisi ex praestantis descendit beneficio. 

{{ancora+|75|[[Aeneis/Liber I#75|75.]]}} {{sc|'''pvlchra prole'''}}  bene postremum addidit propter quod matrimonium contrahitur, pulcherrimos filios. et mire hoc Iuno Lucina promittit, quasi non ob libidinem offerat. {{sc|'''pvlchra prole'''}} notanda figura; frequenter enim hac utitur. nam quod nos per genetiuum singularem dicimus, antiqui per septimum dicebant, ut hoc loco 'parentem pulchra prole', id est pulchrae prolis. et simpliciter intellegendum est; errant namque qui dicunt ideo 'pulchra' dixisse propter Canacen et Macareum in se inuicem turpissimos fratres. illi enim alterius Aeoli filii fuerunt. 

{{ancora+|76|[[Aeneis/Liber I#76|76.]]}} {{sc|'''aeolvs haec'''}}  subaudis 'dixit', quod ex posterioribus intellegitur, ut supra notauimus. {{sc|'''regina'''}} inferioris personae reuetentia est maiorem meritis appellare, non nomine; contra maioris est minorem nomine tantum uocare. qui ordo non nisi per indignationem corrumpitur, ut in duodecimo Sages in extremis rebus Turnum non regem uocat, ut &quot;ruitque inplorans nomine Turnum&quot;. et alibi de Aristaeo &quot;et te crudelem nomine dicit&quot;. {{sc|'''optes'''}} optare non tantum eligere significat, ut alibi &quot;optauitque locum regno&quot;, sed etiam uelle, ut hoc loco 'quid optes' quid uelis. Lucilius in VI. &quot;quid ipsum facere optes&quot;, id est uelis. alii 'quid optes' quid petas. sane seruauit ordinem; nam qui promittit statim a primo polliceri debet, post si qua uult addat, ut auditor expectatione non pendeat. 

{{ancora+|77|[[Aeneis/Liber I#77|77.]]}} {{sc|'''explorare'''}} deliberare; superius namque multa poposcerat Iuno. hoc ergo dicit: tuum est deliberare, quid uelis. aut certe aperire uel pensare, quale sit desiderium. alii explorare Iouis animum; aut certe 'explorare' explanare; aut certe statuere, an aequum sit quod petis, tuus enim hic labor est. {{sc|'''mihi ivssa capessere fas est'''}} figura est litotes, quae fit quotienscumque minus dicimus et plus significamus per contrarium intellegentes, ut hoc loco non ait: licet mihi inplere quae praecipis, sed nefas est non inplere quae iusseris. item &quot;munera nec sperno&quot;, id est libenter accipio. {{sc|'''mihi ivssa capessere fas est'''}} hoc secundum ea quae aliter dicuntur, aliter audiuntur dictum est. {nam} cum dicit non se posse ⟨non⟩ inplere quae Iuno praecipiat, nefas tamen putat {non} inplere praecepta. 'mihi' sane ultima syllaba produci debet, quia hoc casu omnia uel nomina uel pronomina uel participia in ultima syllaba produci debent. 'capessere' autem est saepe capere. 

{{ancora+|78|[[Aeneis/Liber I#78|78.]]}} {{sc|'''tv mihi qvodcvmqve hoc regni'''}}  rediit ad physicam rationem. nam motus aeris, id est Iunonis, uentos creat, quibus Aeolus praeest. dicendo autem 'quodcumque' aut uerecunde ait, ne uideatur adrogans, aut latenter paene iocatur poeta; quis enim potest uentos, id est rem inanem tenere? TU MIHI Q- H- R- hoc ad illud respondet 'namque tibi diuum pater atque hominum rex'. QUODCVMQUE H- R- quia ipse rex sub alieno imperio est. 'quodcumque' ergo quod 'clauso uentorum carcere regno', nec in mea manu est nisi iusso uentos emittere. {{sc|'''iovemqve concilias'''}} hysteroproteron in sensu. non enim Iuppiter conciliatur Aeolo, sed Aeolus Ioui, quasi superiori. conciliantur autem noui, reconciliantur antiqui. 

{{ancora+|79|[[Aeneis/Liber I#79|79.]]}} {{sc|'''tv das epvlis accvmbere divvm'''}}  hoc est, tu me deum facis. duplici enim ratione diuinos honores meremur, dearum coniugio et conuiuio deorum. unde et in bucolicis &quot;nec deus hunc mensa, dea nec dignata cubili est&quot;. sane 'epulis accumbere' secundum sui temporis consuetudinem dixit; nam olim sedentes uescebantur, sicut ipse meminit &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. et apud Homerum sedentes dii epulantur. 

{{ancora+|80|[[Aeneis/Liber I#80|80.]]}} {{sc|'''nimborvmqve'''}} nubium, ut &quot;et lunam in nimbo nox intempesta tenebat&quot;. 

{{ancora+|81|[[Aeneis/Liber I#81|81.]]}} {{sc|'''haec vbi dicta'''}}  et a Iunone et ab Aeolo. et 'dicta' si nomen est, dedit, si participium, deest sunt. et 'haec ubi dicta' pro postquam, aduerbium locale pro temporali. {{sc|'''cavvm'''}} ordo est, conuersa cuspide cauum montem in latus inpulit. et alibi &quot;in latus inque feri curuam compagibus aluum contorsit&quot;. alii 'in latus' pro latus accipiunt. Ennius &quot;nam me grauis impetus Orci percutit in latus&quot;. {{sc|'''inpvlit in latvs'''}} quasi in rem quae facile cedit ictui. 

{{ancora+|82|[[Aeneis/Liber I#82|82.]]}} {{sc|'''agmine'''}} uel inpetu uel multitudine. agmen enim polysemus sermo est. nam inpetum significat, ut &quot;illi agmine certo Laocoonta petunt&quot;; multitudinem, ut &quot;uocat agmina saeua sororum&quot;. etiam incedentem exercitum 'agmen' uocamus. 

{{ancora+|83|[[Aeneis/Liber I#83|83.]]}} {{sc|'''qva data'''}}  et in undecimo &quot;coeant in foedera dextrae qua datur&quot;. 'qua' ergo quoniam. et 'qua data' ad uotum uentorum uidetur rettulisse. {{sc|'''porta'''}} omnis exitus porta dicitur, quasi qua potest uel inportari uel exportari aliquid. aut ideo 'porta', quia 'agmine' dixerat; nam porta proprie aut urbis aut castrorum est. {{sc|'''tvrbine'''}} ui uentorum. et sciendum est, quod quando appellatiuum est 'turbinis' facit, sed si sit nomen proprium, 'Turbonis' facit, ut Horatius &quot;Turbonis in armis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|84|[[Aeneis/Liber I#84|84.]]}} {{sc|'''incvbvere mari'''}}  tria dicit elementa turbata: 'terras turbine perflant', 'incubuere mari' et rursum 'intonuere poli'. his ergo enumeratis recte adiecit 'intentant omnia mortem'. 

{{ancora+|85|[[Aeneis/Liber I#85|85.]]}} {{sc|'''evrvsqve notvsqve'''}}  cardinales quattuor uenti sunt, de quibus nunc tres ponit, paulo post unum quem omiserat reddit, ut &quot;stridens aquilone procella&quot;. {{sc|'''vna evrvsqve notvsqve et africvs'''}} bene modo hos tres uentos inferiores tantum nominauit, qui a sedibus imis mare commouent, Zephyrum et Aquilonem tacuit; Zephyrum, qui ad Italiam ducit, Aquilonem, qui desuper flat. ideo Homerus de eo &quot;g-kai g-borees g-aithrehgenetes, g-mega g-kuma g-kulindohn&quot;. {{sc|'''rvvnt'''}} autem modo eruunt. {{sc|'''procellis'''}} procella est uis uenti cum pluuia, dicta procella ab eo, quod omnia percellat, hoc est moueat. 

{{ancora+|87|[[Aeneis/Liber I#87|87.]]}} {{sc|'''inseqvitvr clamorqve virvm'''}}  quia praecesserat uentorum sonus, quem et ipsum clamorem possumus dicere. {{sc|'''stridorqve rvdentvm'''}} proprie; nam in funibus stridor est. 'stridor' autem est sibilus. Pacuuius in Teucro &quot;armamentum stridor et rudentum sibilus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|88|[[Aeneis/Liber I#88|88.]]}} {{sc|'''eripivnt s'''}} - N- Accius in Clytemestra &quot;deum regnator nocte caeca caelum e conspectu abstulit&quot; 

{{ancora+|89|[[Aeneis/Liber I#89|89.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrorvm ex ocvlis'''}}  numquam enim totum caelum nubibus tegitur, sed illa pars, contra quam flauerint uenti. quod autem dixit diem eripi, ad uidentum oculos rettulit, non ad naturam. TEUCRORUM E- O- bene 'Teucrorum', quibus tempestas inmissa erat. {{sc|'''nox incvbat'''}} nox dicta, quod oculis noceat. 'incubat' autem ideo dixit, quod alienum tempus inuasit. nam incubare proprie dicitur per uim rem alienam uelle tenere. aut certe 'nox incubat', ut nihil interualli esset inter tenebras et mare. aut tempestates, ut in georgicis &quot;ipse pater media nimborum in nocte corusca fulmina molitur dextra&quot;. 

{{ancora+|90|[[Aeneis/Liber I#90|90.]]}} {{sc|'''poli'''}} axes, id est extremae partes caeli. duo enim sunt, notius et borius, a quibus totum caelum contonuisse significat. {{sc|'''aether'''}} aetherem hoc loco pro aere posuit. nubes enim, unde et fulmina, aeris sunt, non aetheris: et frequenter Vergilius duo ista confundit. 

{{ancora+|91|[[Aeneis/Liber I#91|91.]]}} {{sc|'''intentant'''}} minantur, ingerunt. {{sc|'''omnia'''}} autem ad superiora rettulit. 

{{ancora+|92|[[Aeneis/Liber I#92|92.]]}} {{sc|'''extemplo'''}} ilico statim. et est augurum sermo. templum enim dicitur locus manu designatus in aere, post quem factum ilico captantur auguria. {{sc|'''aeneae'''}} seruauit g-to g-prepon, ut Aeneam ultimum territum dicat. {{sc|'''frigore'''}} timore. et est reciproca translatio; nam et timor pro frigore et frigus pro timore ponitur, ut in Terentio &quot;uxorem tuam pauitare aiunt&quot; non timere, sed laborare frigoribus; utrumque enim in unum exitum cadit, sicut et de calore et de frigore urere dicimus, ut est &quot;aut Boreae penetrabile frigus adurat&quot;. nam et Graeci g-phrikta dicunt quae sunt timenda, ut Homerus { &quot;g-dohra g-men g-ouk g-et' g-onosta&quot;}. Liuius in Odyssia &quot;igitur demum Ulixi cor frixit prae pauore&quot;. reprehenditur sane hoc loco Vergilius, quod improprie hos uersus Homeri transtulerit g-kai g-tot g-Odusseos g-luto g-gounata, g-kai g-philon g-ehtor, g-ochthehsas d' g-ara g-eipe g-pros g-hon g-megalehtora g-thumon&quot;. nam 'soluuntur frigore membra' longe aliud est, quam luto gounata: et 'duplices tendens ad sidera palmas talia uoce refert' molle, cum illud magis altum et heroicae personae g-pros g-hon g-megalehtora thumon. praeterea quis interdiu manus ad sidera tollit, aut quis ad caelum manum tendens non aliud precatur potius, quam dicit 'o terque quaterque beati'? et ille intra se, ne exaudiant socii et timidiores despondeant animo, hic uero uociferatur. 

{{ancora+|93|[[Aeneis/Liber I#93|93.]]}} {{sc|'''ingemit'''}} non propter mortem ingemit, sequitur enim 'o terque quaterque beati', sed propter mortis genus. graue enim est secundum Homerum perire naufragio, quia anima ignea est et exstingui uidetur in mari, id est elemento contrario. {{sc|'''dvplices'''}} duas, secundum morem antiquum. nam duplices duos dicebant, ut hoc loco, et binos duos, et utrosque pro utrumque, ut Cicero &quot;binos habebam, iubeo promi utrosque&quot;. item Sallustius cum de duobus loqueretur &quot;hi utrique ad urbem imperatores erant&quot;. {{sc|'''palmas'''}} manus explicitas. 

{{ancora+|94|[[Aeneis/Liber I#94|94.]]}} {{sc|'''talia voce refert'''}}  profert. 're' abundat. alibi 'refert' respondet, ut &quot;Anna refert&quot;. sic in consuetudine dicimus: ille mihi rettulit. {{sc|'''o terqve qvaterqve'''}} id est saepius; finitus numerus pro infinito. et sic erupit in uocem cum dolore Homerus g-tris g-makares g-Danaoi g-kai g-tetrakis, g-hoi g-tot' g-olonto. et hoc principium quidam acephalon dicunt, cum intellegi debeat, multa eum intra se cogitasse, postremo in haec erupisse. 

{{ancora+|95|[[Aeneis/Liber I#95|95.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis'''}} et quis et quibus significat: secundum artem enim sic dicimus. ab eo enim quod est 'a qui' in 'bus' mittit, ab eo quod est 'a quo' in 'is' mittit, sed a tertia declinatione in usu sunt datiuus et ablatiuus plurales, licet antiqui omnibus usi sint casibus. denique Cato in originibus ait &quot;si ques sunt populi&quot;. et declinauit 'ques quium', ut 'puppes puppium'. {{sc|'''moenibvs altis'''}} propter Pergama, quae altissima fuerunt, ex quibus omnia alta aedificia pergama uocantur, sicut Aeschylus dicit. 

{{ancora+|96|[[Aeneis/Liber I#96|96.]]}} {{sc|'''oppetere'''}} ore terram petere, id est mori. possumus autem sic uti hoc sermone, ut et per se plenus sit et recipiat adiectionem. ergo dicimus et oppetit et mortem oppetit, sicut et exspirat et animam exspirat. {{sc|'''fortissime gentis'''}} atqui in artibus legimus superlatiuum gradum non nisi genetiuo plurali iungi. constat quidem, sed 'gens' nomen est enuntiatione singulare, intellectu plurale. bene ergo iunxit, in gente enim plures sunt, ut alibi ipse &quot;ditissimus agri Phoenicum&quot;; non enim unus est ager Phoenicum. item Sallustius &quot;Romani generis disertissimus&quot;. aut superlatiuo pro comparatiuo usus uidetur, quasi fortissimis comparandus, non ut uulgo creditur praeferendus. sane quaeritur, cur Diomedem fortissimum dixerit, cum post Achillem et Aiacem ipse sit tertius, unde et Sallustius ait &quot;primum Graecorum Achillem&quot;. multi dicunt ideo fortissimum, quia iuxta Homerum et Venerem uulnerauit et Martem. alii ad gentem referunt, quod Achilles Thessalus fuit, Aiax Graecus, Diomedes Danaus. multi ad excusationem Aeneae uolunt fortissimum dictum, a quo eum constat esse percussum, ut Iuuenalis &quot;uel quo Tydides percussit pondere coxam Aeneae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|97|[[Aeneis/Liber I#97|97.]]}} {{sc|'''tydide'''}} uocatiuus Graecus est; si enim latine diceret, o Tydida debuit ponere. omnia enim patronymica quae in 'des' exeunt apud Latinos primae sunt declinationis, ut &quot;saeuus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector&quot;. Tydides Diomedes, Tydei et Deipyles, Adrasti filiae, filius, qui post captum Ilium ad Italiam uenit, quod plenius in XI- libro habes. eo tempore statua cum in templo Apollinis Delphici staret, ui quadam diuina ad Corcyram migrauit et uisa est muros Corcyraeorum defendere: nam eius comminatione hostibus fugatis Corcyra bello exempta est. 

{{ancora+|98|[[Aeneis/Liber I#98|98.]]}} {{sc|'''non potvisse'''}}  quasi semper uoluerit. {{sc|'''animam hanc'''}} quasi cum dolore 'animam hanc', ac si diceret infelicem, quae ad laborem nata est. {{sc|'''effvndere'''}} secundum eos qui dicunt sanguinem esse animam, ut ipse alibi &quot;purpuream uomit ille animam&quot;. nam alio loco aliorum opinionem sequitur, qui dicunt spiritum esse animam, unde est &quot;atque in uentos uita recessit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|99|[[Aeneis/Liber I#99|99.]]}} {{sc|'''saevvs'''}} magnus, ut superius diximus. uel fortis, uel bellicosus, ut est &quot;et saeuum Aenean agnouit Turnus in armis&quot;. uel aduersus hostes 'saeuus', et est epitheton ad tempus; nam incongruum erat ab Aenea saeuum Hectorem dici. aut 'saeuus', quod aduersum Antenorem et Aeneam et Helenum sentiens Helenam non permiserit reddi. ⟨aut⟩ ideo 'saeuus' Hector, quia Aeneas pius. quod autem ait 'Aeacidae telo' uult ostendere feliciorem Hectorem, cui contigerit ab Achille perire, quod ipse optauerit ei congressus, sicut in V. Neptunus Veneri loquitur. et bene elegit, cum quibus perisse debuerit; ipse enim et fortis est, et numinum proles: recte ergo his iungitur, in quibus talia fuerunt. 


{{ancora+|100|[[Aeneis/Liber I#100|100.]]}} {{sc|'''sarpedon'''}} et in ultima possumus accentum ponere et in paenultima: nam Homerus et 'Sarpedonis' declinauit et 'Sarpedontis', unde et uarius accentus est: 'Sarpedonis' enim antepaenultima habet accentum, 'Sarpedontis' paenultima. sed 'Sarpedontis' usurpauit; naturalis enim declinatio est 'Sarpedon Sarpedonis', ut 'Memnon Memnonis, Sinon Sinonis'. si autem genetiuum in 'dontis' miserit, a circumflexo uenit, qui est in ultima syllaba nominatiui, ut Demophon Demophontis, Laocon Laocontis. sic ergo et Sarpedon, Sarpedontis. est autem Sarpedon Iouis filius et Laodamiae, ut alio loco &quot;quin occidit una Sarpedon mea progenies&quot; occisus a Patroclo, Menoeti filio, armis Achillis induto. huius interitum Iuppiter prosecutus dicitur imbre sanguineo. {{sc|'''simois'''}} nomen hoc integrum ad nos transiit, unde suo est accentu proferendum. nam si esset latinum, in antepaenultima haberet accentum, quia secunda a fine breuis est. sane bene fecisse uidetur Simoentis mentionem, ut ibi uideatur pati se optauisse, ubi genitus est, ut alibi &quot;tune ille Aeneas, quem Dardanio Anchisae alma Venus Phrygii genuit Simoentis ad undam?&quot; {{sc|'''svb vndis'''}} et 'sub undis' legimus, et 'sub undas'. sed si 'sub undas', 'correpta' intellege, si 'sub undis', 'uoluit'; uaria ergo distinctio est. {{sc|'''correpta'''}} rapta. 

{{ancora+|101|[[Aeneis/Liber I#101|101.]]}} {{sc|'''fortia corpora'''}}  hoc est uirorum fortium corpora; nulla enim est in mortuis fortitudo. 

{{ancora+|102|[[Aeneis/Liber I#102|102.]]}} {{sc|'''talia iactanti'''}}  inaniter loquenti, ut alibi &quot;atque inrita iurgia iactat et uoces dum iactat inanes&quot;. {{sc|'''aqvilone'''}} ab Aquilone. ecce hic reddit uentum quem transierat, et a generali tempestate ad speciem transit. 

{{ancora+|103|[[Aeneis/Liber I#103|103.]]}} {{sc|'''adversa'''}} contraria, quia ad Italiam nauigantibus Aquilo contrarius est. 

{{ancora+|104|[[Aeneis/Liber I#104|104.]]}} {{sc|'''frangvntvr remi'''}}  uel gubernacula, uel quod melius est re uera remi. antiqui enim uelis remisque nauigabant, ut &quot;ualidis incumbere remis, obliquat sinus in uentos&quot;. et hoc de naui Aeneae, an de omnibus dixit? {{sc|'''tvm proram avertit'''}} alii 'prora' legi tradunt. {{sc|'''avertit'''}} pro 'auertitur'. et est figura creberrima. potest namque pro actiui uerbi significatione passiuum poni, ut est &quot;et pictis bellantur Amazones armis&quot; pro bellant. nec nos debet mouere quod bellor non facit, natura enim hoc prohibuit. nam conpone hoc uerbum, et inuenitur actiuum, facit enim debello debellor. et contra pro passiui uerbi significatione actiuum ponitur, ut est hoc 'auertit' pro auertitur, et &quot;insinuat pauor&quot; pro insinuatur, et &quot;nox umida caelo praecipitat&quot; pro praecipitatur. sed haec uerba tantummodo pro se inuicem ponuntur, quae et actiua esse possunt et passiua, ut est auerto auertor, praecipito praecipitor. ergo non possumus dicere quod quidam artigraphus, declinationes actiui uerbi et passiui pro se inuicem poni. nam et neutralis uerbi declinatio actiua est et communis deponentisue passiua, et aliud est esse actiuum uerbum, aliud habere actiui uerbi declinationem. 

{{ancora+|105|[[Aeneis/Liber I#105|105.]]}} {{sc|'''dat latvs'''}}  inclinatur. {{sc|'''cvmvlo'''}} altitudine. {{sc|'''cvmvlo'''}} exuberante fluctu, cum cumulo. {{sc|'''praervptvs'''}} in altum leuatus. 

{{ancora+|106|[[Aeneis/Liber I#106|106.]]}} {{sc|'''hi'''}} pro illi uel alii, et bene dicticos. {{sc|'''his'''}} pro illis uel aliis. {{sc|'''dehiscens'''}} ualde hiscens. 'de' enim augentis est, ut in Terentio &quot;deamo te Syre&quot;. 

{{ancora+|107|[[Aeneis/Liber I#107|107.]]}} {{sc|'''aperit'''}} ostendit, ut Sallustius &quot;caput aperire solitus&quot;, id est nudare, ostendere. sic alibi &quot;uisa aperire procul montes&quot;. sane aliter hic 'aperit', aliter 'ostium aperit'. {{sc|'''harenis'''}} et ab harenis et cum harenis, id est uel ab imo mouebatur mare uel cum ipsis harenis, ut in tempestate solet. 

{{ancora+|108|[[Aeneis/Liber I#108|108.]]}} {{sc|'''tris'''}} Latinum est. genetiuus enim pluralis quotiens in 'ium' exit, accusatiuum pluralem in 'is' mittit, ut 'puppium puppis'; quotiens in 'um' exit, in 'es' mittit, ut 'patrum patres'. {{sc|'''saxa latentia'''}} modo propter tempestatem, non ut quidam tradunt tranquillo mari; nam quemadmodum latent quae nomen habent? haec autem saxa inter Africam, Siciliam et Sardiniam et Italiam sunt, quae saxa ob hoc Itali aras uocant, quod ibi Afri et Romani foedus inierunt et fines imperii sui illic esse uoluerunt. unde et Dido &quot;litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas inprecor&quot;. quae arae a Sisenna &quot;propitiae&quot; uocantur. alii dicunt Graecos haec saxa g-bomous appellare. quidam insulam fuisse hunc locum tradunt, quae subito pessum ierit, cuius reliquias saxa haec exstare, in quibus aiunt Poenorum sacerdotes rem diuinam facere solitos. has aras alii Neptunias uocant, sicut Claudius Quadrigarius I- annalium &quot;apud aras, quae uocabantur Neptuniae&quot;. Varro de ora maritima lib- I &quot;ut faciunt hi, qui ab Sardinia Siciliam aut contra petunt. nam si utramque ex conspectu amiserunt, sciunt periculose se nauigare ac uerentur in pelago latentem insulam, quem locum uocant aras&quot;. {{sc|'''torqvet'''}} iacit, inmittit, ut &quot;torquet aquosam hiemem&quot;. alibi 'torquet' deflectit, ut &quot;torquet medios nox umida currus&quot;. alibi regit et frenat, ut &quot;cuncta tuo qui bella pater sub numine torques&quot;. alibi sustinet et fert &quot;axem umero torquet stellis fulgentibus aptum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|109|[[Aeneis/Liber I#109|109.]]}} {{sc|'''saxa vocant itali mediis qvae in flvctibvs aras'''}}  ordo est, quae saxa in mediis fluctibus Itali aras uocant. pro quibus hunc ordinem esse ait 'tris Notus abreptas mediis fluctibus in saxa latentia torquet'. alii 'mediis ⟨quae⟩ fluctibus aras' legunt, ut sit ordo 'saxa uocant Itali aras, quae mediis fluctibus', ut desit 'sunt'. Italos autem aliqui non qui in Italia nati sint, sed qui Latine loquantur accipiunt. 


{{ancora+|110|[[Aeneis/Liber I#110|110.]]}} {{sc|'''dorsvm inmane'''}}  eminens, altum, secundum Homerum. uel certe eminens planities aut superficies durior. aut sic ait hic poeta 'dorsum' de saxo, ut Homerus &quot;g-nohta g-thalassehs&quot;, sicut alibi ipse &quot;dorso dum pendet iniquo&quot;. quidam 'inmane' pro malo accipiunt positum propter naufragia, quae ibi solent fieri; nam 'manum' bonum dicunt, ergo quod bono contrarium inmane; non enim potest pro magno accipi, ⟨ut⟩ alibi &quot;posuitque inmania templa&quot;, quia non facile apparent haec saxa, nisi cum mare uentis mouetur. 'dorsum' autem hoc loco non absurde ait, quia Graece arae ipsae g-hippou g-nohta dicuntur, ut Sinnius Capito tradidit, secundum Homerum. {{sc|'''mari svmmo'''}} uel in summo, uel in placido. 

{{ancora+|111|[[Aeneis/Liber I#111|111.]]}} {{sc|'''in brevia et syrtes'''}}  id est in breuia syrtium, quo modo &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. 'breuia' autem uadosa dicit, per quae possumus uadere. {{sc|'''et syrtes'''}} syrtium &quot;sinus duo sunt pares natura, inpares magnitudine&quot;, ut Sallustius dicit. 

{{ancora+|112|[[Aeneis/Liber I#112|112.]]}} {{sc|'''vadis'''}} uada g-ta g-brachea. Varro de ora maritima libro I &quot;si ab aqua summa non alte est terra dicitur uadus&quot;. et multi sic legunt 'inliditque uadis atque aggere cingit harenae'. 

{{ancora+|113|[[Aeneis/Liber I#113|113.]]}} {{sc|'''lycios'''}} hi Troiae ad auxilium uenerant, qui mortuo rege Pandaro Aeneam secuti sunt, unde et in secundo ait &quot;comitum adfluxisse nouorum&quot;. {{sc|'''fidvm'''}} fidelem. utrumque nomen idem significat. quamuis quidam uelint fidum amicum, fidelem seruum dici. et sic pronuntiandum, ut dolorem adferat talis socii amissio. 

{{ancora+|114|[[Aeneis/Liber I#114|114.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsivs ante ocvlos'''}}  ad maiorem dolorem: unde alibi &quot;quaeque ipse miserrima uidi&quot;, item &quot;qui nati coram me cernere letum fecisti&quot;. {{sc|'''ingens pontvs'''}} magna pars ponti. et est tropus synecdoche. {{sc|'''a vertice'''}} aut a puppi, quae uertex nauis est, aut ab Aquilone, qui flat a mundi uertice, hoc est a septentrione, ut ipse alibi &quot;hic uertex nobis semper sublimis&quot;. quidam 'uerticem' hic procellam accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|115|[[Aeneis/Liber I#115|115.]]}} {{sc|'''in pvppim'''}}  pro puppim: addidit praepositionem. {{sc|'''pronvs'''}} g-prehnehs. non nulli sane 'pronum' aduerbialiter legunt. {{sc|'''magister'''}} leucaspis, ut in sexto libro &quot;Leucaspim et Lyciae ductorem classis Orontem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|116|[[Aeneis/Liber I#116|116.]]}} {{sc|'''ter'''}} saepius, finitus numerus pro infinito. crebros enim fluctus facit Aquilo, ut Sallustius &quot;crebritate fluctuum ut Aquilone solet&quot;. uel certe quod Graeci g-trikumian appellant, ut Sallustius &quot;triplici fluctu&quot;. IBIDEM 'ibidem' et 'ubinam' multi dubitant ubi esse debeat accentus, quia 'ibi' et 'ubi' naturaliter breues sunt, sed ratione finalitatis plerumque producuntur in uersu, nescientes hanc esse rationem, quia pronuntiationis causa contra usum Latinum syllabis ultimis, quibus particulae adiunguntur, accentus tribuitur, ut 'musaque' 'illene' 'huiusce'. sic ergo et 'ibidem'. 

{{ancora+|117|[[Aeneis/Liber I#117|117.]]}} {{sc|'''torqvet agens circvm'''}}  in gyrum circumagit. {{sc|'''vertex'''}} uertex dicitur circumacta in se unda et quae quasi sorbere uideatur: quod de Charybdi legitur &quot;atque imo barathri ter gurgite uastos sorbet in abruptum fluctus&quot;, de qua ait Sallustius &quot;Charybdis, mare uerticosum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|118|[[Aeneis/Liber I#118|118.]]}} {{sc|'''apparent'''}} aliud est 'parere' et aliud 'apparere'. 'parere' enim est oboedire, ut &quot;paret amor dictis&quot;, 'apparere' autem, uideri, ut &quot;apparet liquido sublimis in aere Nisus&quot;. et haec obseruatio diligenter custodiri debet, licet eam auctores metri causa plerumque corrumpant. {{sc|'''rari'''}} uel propter maris magnitudinem, uel quia una perierat nauis. uel 'rari' de multis, ut ostendat statim alios plures periisse. et quomodo 'apparent', si 'ponto nox incubat atra'? aut quia 'crebris micat ignibus aether', aut quia ante ipsius oculos hoc euenit. {{sc|'''nantes'''}} prima uerbi positio est 'no nas nat', unde est &quot;nare per aestatem liquidam&quot;. prima syllaba naturaliter longa est, licet 'natare' 'na' breuis sit in eadem significatione. {{sc|'''in gvrgite vasto'''}} tapinosis est, id est rei magnae humilis expositio. prudenter tamen Vergilius humilitatem sermonis epitheto subleuat, ut hoc loco 'uasto' addidit. item cum de equo loqueretur ait &quot;cauernas ingentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|119|[[Aeneis/Liber I#119|119.]]}} {{sc|'''arma virvm'''}}  bene addidit 'uirum', id est uirorum. arma enim dicuntur cunctarum artium instrumenta, ut &quot;Cerealiaque arma&quot;, item &quot;colligere arma iubet&quot; et alio loco &quot;dicendum et quae sint duris agrestibus arma&quot;. {{sc|'''troia'''}} differentia in hoc sermone est et in sensu et in syllabis. nam cum prouinciam dicimus, nam Troia prouincia, Ilium ipsa ciuitas, et principale est nomen, breuis est 'Tro'. quando autem non est principale et deriuatio est, longa est 'Tro.', ut &quot;Troius Aeneas&quot;. {{sc|'''gaza'''}} persicus sermo est et significat diuitias, unde Gaza urbs in Palaestina dicitur, quod in ea Cambyses rex Persarum cum Aegyptiis bellum inferret diuitias suas condidit. est autem generis feminini, ut &quot;et gaza laetus agresti&quot;. quo exemplo apparet quoque superfluo quaeri a multis, quemadmodum potuerit aurum natare, nescientibus gazas, id est opes, dici omne quod possidemus. aut certe hyperbole tempestatis, ut etiam ponderosa ferri potuerint. PER UNDAS 'per' quidam nolunt - - . 


{{ancora+|120|[[Aeneis/Liber I#120|120.]]}} {{sc|'''iam validam'''}}  zeugma est ab inferioribus 'uicit hiems'. quod fit et a superioribus et a medio, plerumque et ad utrumque respondet, ut &quot;Troiugena, interpres diuum, qui numina Phoebi, qui tripodas, Clarii laurus, qui sidera sentis et uolucrum linguas et praepetis omina pinnae&quot;. ecce hoc loco 'sentis' et ante dicta et sequentia concludit. {{sc|'''ilionei'''}} antiptosis est, pro genetiuo enim datiuum posuit; nam constat huiusmodi Graeca nomina datiuum singularem in ei diphthongum mittere, ut Orphei; nam illa solutio est cum Orphei separatim dicimus: nec modo 'Ilionei' possumus dicere adstrictum esse genetiuum, ut ipse sit qui et datiuus. quod si forte contingat, non regula mutatur, sed antiptosis fit, qua plerumque utuntur poetae, ut &quot;urbem quam statuo uestra est&quot; pro urbs, item &quot;haeret pede pes&quot; pro pedi. 

{{ancora+|121|[[Aeneis/Liber I#121|121.]]}} {{sc|'''vectvs'''}} qua uehebatur significat. et pro praesenti participio, quod non habemus, praeteritum posuit. in Latino enim sermone a passiuo uerbo praesens participium non est, neque ab actiuo praeteritum. sed quod uno sermone explicare non possumus aut circumlocutione ostendimus, aut si hoc nolumus, participium pro participio ponimus, sed usurpatiue, ut hoc loco factum est. {{sc|'''abas'''}} abantes aliquot tradunt: hic unus, Aeneae comes; alter quem in Troia Diomedes occidit; tertius est Argiuus, cuius clipeum tertio libro Apollini consecrasse dicit Aeneam. 

{{ancora+|122|[[Aeneis/Liber I#122|122.]]}} {{sc|'''vicit hiems'''}}  'hiems' duas res significat: aut tempus aut uim uenti, per quam oritur tempestas. ergo pro loco intellegendum est. Accius &quot;unde estis nautae huc hieme delati&quot;. sic et Varro. {{sc|'''laxis'''}} pro laxatis, nomen pro participio. 

{{ancora+|123|[[Aeneis/Liber I#123|123.]]}} {{sc|'''imbrem'''}} imber dicitur umor omnis, ut Lucretius ex &quot;igni terra atque anima nascuntur et imbri&quot;, id est umore. {{sc|'''imbrem'''}} ueteres enim omnem aquam imbrem dicebant. Ennius imbrem pro aqua marina &quot;ratibusque fremebat imber Neptuni&quot;. {{sc|'''fatiscvnt'''}} abundanter aperiuntur; 'fatim' enim abundanter dicimus, unde et adfatim, hiscere autem aperiri, uerbum frequentatiuum ab hiare. 

{{ancora+|125|[[Aeneis/Liber I#125|125.]]}} {{sc|'''emissam hiemem'''}}  hic apertius tempestatem declarat significari ex Graeco; nam et illi g-cheimona tempestatem dicunt. et bene ueteres nostri 'hiemem anni' dicebant, ne tempestas posset intellegi. {{sc|'''imis'''}} bene in imo uoluit esse Neptunum, ut iam factam cognosceret tempestatem, non incipientem uetaret. 

{{ancora+|126|[[Aeneis/Liber I#126|126.]]}} {{sc|'''stagna'''}} stagnum dicitur aqua stans, sed nunc profunda maris significat ab eo, quod non nisi nimia tempestate turbantur. ergo 'stagna' et 'imis uadis refusa' aliud pendet ex alio, quia inmobilis aqua in imo maris tantummodo est, quam tunc ab imo motu dicit esse turbatam. {{sc|'''graviter commotvs'''}} opportune Neptunum ait commotum cum maria turbantur, quia plerumque poetae Neptunum pro mari ponunt. {{sc|'''et alto prospiciens'''}} aut e mari erigens caput, aut mari prouidens. quidam 'alto' caelo accipiunt, quia ait 'iam caelum terramque'. 

{{ancora+|127|[[Aeneis/Liber I#127|127.]]}} {{sc|'''placidvm capvt'''}}  quaerunt multi quemadmodum 'placidum caput', si 'grauiter commotus'? quasi non possit fieri, ut irascatur uentis, propitius sit Troianis. uno autem epitheto more suo habitum futurae orationis ostendit, ut alibi uno sermone 'tum quassans caput'. {{sc|'''placidvmqve capvt'''}} epitheta alia naturalia sunt, alia ad tempus. et 'placidum' ut naturale Neptuni est, ita 'grauiter commotus' ad tempus ob factam tempestatem. 

{{ancora+|128|[[Aeneis/Liber I#128|128.]]}} {{sc|'''disiectam aeneae t'''}} - V- A- C- hic ostendit Aeolum omnia Iunonis praecepta complesse. nam 'submersasque obrue puppes' in Orontis sociorumque eius interitu; 'aut age diuersas et dissice corpora ponto' 'disiectam Aeneae toto uidet aequore classem'. 

{{ancora+|129|[[Aeneis/Liber I#129|129.]]}} {{sc|'''caeliqve rvina'''}}  id est tonitribus, quorum sonus similis est ruinis. 


{{ancora+|130|[[Aeneis/Liber I#130|130.]]}} {{sc|'''nec latvere doli fratrem ivnonis et irae'''}}  aut doli Iunonis, aut fratrem Iunonis. gemina ergo distinctio est. {{sc|'''fratrem ivnonis'''}} quod et ipsa Saturni est filia. 

{{ancora+|131|[[Aeneis/Liber I#131|131.]]}} {{sc|'''evrvm ad se zephyrvmqve vocat'''}}  per hos omnes intellege; isti enim sunt cardinales. 'ad se' autem g-ehthikohs. cur tamen Zephyrus, qui ad Italiam ducit, quem poeta supra tacuit, nunc uocatur? ira in hoc Neptuni exprimitur, si etiam eum obiurgat, qui non adfuerit. 

{{ancora+|132|[[Aeneis/Liber I#132|132.]]}} {{sc|'''generis fidvcia vestri'''}}  Astraeus enim unus de Titanibus, qui contra deos arma sumpserunt, cum Aurora concubuit, unde nati sunt uenti secundum Hesiodum. et hoc loco fiduciam pro confidentia posuit, cum fiducia in bonis rebus sit, confidentia in malis. 

{{ancora+|133|[[Aeneis/Liber I#133|133.]]}} {{sc|'''iam caelvm terrasqve'''}}  aut ordo est 'ausi estis sine meo numine tantas moles tollere et caelum terrasque turbare'? aut certe illud est, quod tria haec numina, licet diuisa imperia teneant, uidentur tamen inuicem regni totius habere potestatem, sicut et ipsa elementa quae retinent physica inter se quadam ratione iunguntur. quod et ipsorum numinum sceptra significant. Iuppiter enim trifido utitur fulmine, Neptunus tridente, Pluto tricerbero. multi enim quaerunt, cur modo Neptunus de alienis conqueratur elementis. aut certe 'terram' pro mari posuit, ab eo quod continet id quod continetur, quia ipse dicitur g-Enosichthohn et g-Enosigaios, id est mouens terram. et caelum pro aere; constat enim terram cum aqua in aere libratam. {{sc|'''meo sine nvmine'''}} hoc est 'et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas'. {{sc|'''nvmine venti'''}} distingue 'numine', ut 'uenti' conuicium sit. 

{{ancora+|135|[[Aeneis/Liber I#135|135.]]}} {{sc|'''qvos ego'''}}  deficit hoc loco sermo; et congrue, quasi irati et turbatae mentis, ut alibi &quot;me me, adsum&quot;. similiter &quot;incipit effari, mediaque in uoce resistit&quot;. Terentius &quot;quem quidem ego si sensero, sed quid opus est uerbis?&quot; his enim adfectibus tantum sermonis defectio congruit. {{sc|'''qvos ego'''}} subauditur 'ulciscar'. ergo g-aposiohpehsis est, hoc est, ut ad alium sensum transeat, ideo abruptum et pendentem reliquit. et necessarium post tale schema 'sed' coniunctionem sequi, ut &quot;quamquam o, sed&quot;. {{sc|'''sed motos praestat'''}} prudenter agit; plus est enim innocentibus succurrere, quam nocentium delicta punire. {{sc|'''praestat'''}} melius est, ut &quot;praestat Trinacrii metas lustrare Pachyni&quot;. et notandus sermo. nam et per se plenus est, et tam accusatiuo iungitur quam septimo. dicimus enim et 'praestat illum' et 'praestat illo'. 

{{ancora+|136|[[Aeneis/Liber I#136|136.]]}} {{sc|'''post mihi non simili poena commissa lvetis'''}}  aut 'non simili poena', id est non ea qua Troianos adfecistis, aut certe 'mihi non simili', id est uehementer irato. POST MIHI N- S- P- C- L- pro 'non inpune eritis posthac'; nunc enim nullam poenam sentiunt, nisi forte obiurgationis. 'commissa' autem hic pro peccatis. {{sc|'''lvetis'''}} persoluetis. et hic sermo a pecunia descendit; antiquorum enim omnes poenae pecuniariae fuerunt. 

{{ancora+|137|[[Aeneis/Liber I#137|137.]]}} {{sc|'''matvrate fvgam'''}}  cum maturitate, id est cum tranquillitate discedite, quo modo dicimus 'matura iracundiam tuam', id est mitiga; perniciosum enim Troianis est, si maturent fugam, hoc est accelerent. ergo 'fugam' hic tantum discessum accipiendum. 

{{ancora+|138|[[Aeneis/Liber I#138|138.]]}} {{sc|'''saevvmqve'''}} uel magnum et potentem, ut superius, uel uere saeuum in uentos, quia minatur. {{sc|'''tridentem'''}} ideo tridens Neptuno adsignatur, quia mare a quibusdam dicitur tertia pars mundi, uel quia tria genera aquarum sunt, maris, fluminum, fluuiorum, quibus omnibus Neptunum praeesse non nulli dicunt. 

{{ancora+|139|[[Aeneis/Liber I#139|139.]]}} {{sc|'''sorte'''}} ac si diceret potuisse se etiam caelum tenere, Aeolum uero beneficio etiam carceris regna meruisse, nec sine suo arbitrio posse quemquam in suo regno habere potestatem. SED MIHI SORTE DATUM 'sorte' ideo ait, quia Iuppiter et Neptunus et Dis pater, Saturni et Opis filii, cum de mundi possessione certamen inissent, placuit ut imperium sorte diuiderent: ita effectum est, ut caelum Iuppiter, maria Neptunus, Dis pater inferos sortirentur. {{sc|'''inmania'''}} aspera; 'manum' enim antiqui bonum dicebant, sicut supra dictum est, unde et 'mane' dicitur; quid enim melius? et per antiphrasin 'manes' inferi, quia non sint boni. 


{{ancora+|140|[[Aeneis/Liber I#140|140.]]}} {{sc|'''vestras evre domos'''}}  irascentum est uti proprio nomine, ut Terentius &quot;ego te in pistrinum Daue dedam&quot;. aut quasi contra principem tempestatis irascitur, quem primum constat egressum, quia supra 'una Eurusque Notusque ruunt'. quod autem dixit 'saxa inmania, uestras domos' de Pseudulo Plauti tractum est, ubi ait &quot;nisi forte carcerem aliquando effregistis uestram domum&quot;. et figurate 'saxa, domos'; uario enim significatu idem ostenditur. {{sc|'''iactet'''}} pro glorietur, sicut in georgicis &quot;nullo tantum se Moesia cultu iactet&quot;. et hoc ex accidenti sumptum, quoniam quicumque sunt in aliqua re gloriosissima motu quodam et incessu corpus suum iactant. {{sc|'''avla'''}} inrisio est; sequitur enim 'carcere'. et nihil tam contrarium si simpliciter intellegamus. 

{{ancora+|141|[[Aeneis/Liber I#141|141.]]}} {{sc|'''clavso'''}} quia dimittere uentos non ipsius est, sed iubentis. et hoc est &quot;foedere certo et dare iussus habenas&quot;. {{sc|'''ventorvm'''}} non otiose, sed per exprobrationem, poterat enim dicere 'uestro', sed ut supra &quot;meo sine numine uenti&quot;. {{sc|'''carcere regnet'''}} licet carcer sit, tamen regnum est Aeoli; haec enim pro adfectu possidentis intellegenda sunt, ut alibi cum de rure loqueretur &quot;post aliquot mea regna uidens mirabor aristas&quot;. et bene regnum Aeoli custodiam carceris dixit. 

{{ancora+|142|[[Aeneis/Liber I#142|142.]]}} {{sc|'''dicto citivs'''}}  non antequam diceret, dixit enim 'haec ait'; sed citius, quam dici potest. {{sc|'''placat'''}} sub poetica licentia physicam quoque tangit rationem. mare enim dicitur esse Neptunus, quem superius dixit grauiter commotum, quia tempestas erat. nunc ait 'placat', quia iam sedari coeperant maria. 

{{ancora+|143|[[Aeneis/Liber I#143|143.]]}} {{sc|'''collectas'''}} aut nunc collegit et fugauit, aut ante a uentis collectas fugauit, id est resoluit. {{sc|'''collectas'''}} colligere enim nubes dicitur caelum, ut &quot;aut si nox pluuiam ne colligat ante ueremur&quot;. {{sc|'''solemqve redvcit'''}} per solem serenitas intellegenda, quia superius dixerat &quot;eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque&quot;. quis enim ignorat diem constare per solem? et consequens erat, ut fugatis nubibus sol rediret. 

{{ancora+|144|[[Aeneis/Liber I#144|144.]]}} {{sc|'''cymothoe'''}} nomina deorum plerumque de causis sunt ficta ab elementis, quae numina dici uoluere maiores, ut 'Cymothoe', id est cursus fluctuum, g-apo g-tou g-theein g-to g-kuma. {{sc|'''triton'''}} deus marinus, Neptuni et Salaciae filius, deae marinae ab aqua salsa dictae. {{sc|'''adnixvs'''}} antiquum est, ut 'conixus', quibus hodie non utimur; dicimus enim 'adnisus' et 'conisus'. sed et multa alia usus contra antiquitatem uindicauit. illi enim 'parsi' dicebant, nos dicimus 'peperci'. item nos dicimus 'suscepi', illi dicebant 'succepi', ut &quot;succepitque ignem foliis&quot;. {{sc|'''adnixvs'''}} zeugma est, 'adnixi' enim debuit dicere, ut paulo post &quot;haud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum, aut portum tenet&quot;. ergo 'adnixus' ad Tritonem tantum pertinet, quia Cymothoen iuuabat. quibusdam sane non uidetur zeugma, quia 'adnixus', non 'conixus'. ordo tamen est 'Cymothoe simul et Triton acuto detrudunt naues scopulo', ab aris scilicet in quas &quot;tris Notus in s- l- t&quot;. 

{{ancora+|145|[[Aeneis/Liber I#145|145.]]}} {{sc|'''levat'''}} leues ac nauigabiles facit, ut &quot;nostrumque leues quaecumque laborem&quot;. et scire debemus prudenter poetam pro causis uel tendere uel corripere orationem, ut hoc loco periclitantibus Troianis tota celeritate dicit esse subuentum. contra in quinto libro ubi nullum periculum est latius describit placantem maria Neptunum. item in secundo libro quoniam inminet periculum uno uersu ait &quot;quo res summa loco Panthu? quam prendimus arcem?&quot; {{sc|'''levat'''}} laxat, ut &quot;atque arta leuari uincla iubet Priamus&quot;. {{sc|'''tridenti'''}} autem pro tridente, datiuum pro ablatiuo. 

{{ancora+|146|[[Aeneis/Liber I#146|146.]]}} {{sc|'''aperit'''}} ideo quia harenarum congerie inpediente praeclusae ad nauigandum erant. ergo inmisso in eas mari aptas ad nauigandum facit. sic Sallustius &quot;sed ubi tempore anni mare classibus patefactum est&quot;. ceterum bis idem. {{sc|'''temperat'''}} tranquillum facit. 

{{ancora+|147|[[Aeneis/Liber I#147|147.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve rotis svmmas l'''}} - P- V- bene non moratur in descriptione currus, ut citius liberetur Aeneas. - -. {{sc|'''perlabitvr vndas'''}} figura est. quod enim nos modo dicimus per praepositionem nomini copulatam sequente uerbo, antiqui uerso ordine praepositionem detractam nomini iungebant uerbo, ita tamen ut esset una pars orationis, et faciebant honestam elocutionem. nos dicimus 'per undas labitur', illi dicebant 'perlabitur undas'. item 'per forum curro' et 'percurro forum'. notandum plane quod plerumque suum regit casum, plerumque ad ablatiuum transit. 

{{ancora+|148|[[Aeneis/Liber I#148|148.]]}} {{sc|'''ac velvti magno in popvlo'''}}  iste tempestati populi motum comparat, Tullius populo tempestatem: pro Milone &quot;equidem ceteras tempestates et procellas in illis dumtaxat fluctibus contionum&quot;. ita et Homerus seditioni tempestatem g-kinehtheh g-d' g-agoreh g-hohs g-kumata g-makra g-thalassehs. ideo autem 'magno' addidit, quia ubi frequens est populus, ibi et crebra seditio. et quidam 'populum' totam ciuitatem, 'uulgum' uero plebem significari putant. {{sc|'''saepe'''}} autem ut fieri solet. 

{{ancora+|149|[[Aeneis/Liber I#149|149.]]}} {{sc|'''seditio'''}} 'seditio' est ⟨dissensio ciuium⟩, sicut Cicero ait in de re publica &quot;eaque dissensio ciuium, quod seorsum eunt alii ad alios, seditio dicitur&quot;. {{sc|'''animis ignobile'''}} id est stultum, ut contra nobilem animum prudentium dicimus. ideo etiam paulo post ait 'arrectis auribus'; sumpsit enim translationem ab animalibus, quae utique stultiora sunt. {{sc|'''vvlgvs'''}} et masculini generis et neutri lectum est: generis neutri hoc loco, alibi masculini, ut in &quot;uulgum ambiguas&quot;. et hoc est artis ut masculino utamur, quia omnia Latina nomina in us exeuntia, si neutra fuerint, tertiae sunt declinationis, ut pecus pecoris: si autem secundae fuerint declinationis, masculina sunt; 'uulgi' autem facit, non 'uulgeris', ut docti, clari. usurpatum tamen est neutrum genus propter unum Graecum nomen, id est pelagus. cum enim pelagi faciat, neutri tamen est generis. 


{{ancora+|150|[[Aeneis/Liber I#150|150.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve faces et saxa volant'''}}  multi non 'uolant', sed 'uolunt' inuenisse se dicunt. sed Cornutus &quot;uerendum&quot;, ait, &quot;ne praeposterum sit faces uelle, et sic saxa, cum alibi maturius et ex ordine dictum sit 'arma uelit poscatque simul rapiatque inuentus&quot;'. {{sc|'''fvror arma ministrat'''}} sic alibi &quot;rimanti telum ira facit&quot;. sane summa uelocitate sensus explicitus. 

{{ancora+|151|[[Aeneis/Liber I#151|151.]]}} {{sc|'''gravem'''}} uenerabilem, unde et contemptibiles 'leues' dicimus. et bene seruat circa hunc rhetoricam definitionem, cui dat et iustitiam et peritiam dicendi, ut 'tum pietate grauem' et 'ille regit dictis animos'. orator enim est uir bonus, dicendi peritus. {{sc|'''pietate gravem'''}} cuius illis auctoritas ob pietatem est grauis. 

{{ancora+|152|[[Aeneis/Liber I#152|152.]]}} {{sc|'''arrectis avribvs'''}}  translatio a mutis animalibus, quibus aures mobiles sunt. an aures pro audiendi sensu posuit, secutus Terentium qui ait &quot;arrige aures Pamphile&quot;? 

{{ancora+|155|[[Aeneis/Liber I#155|155.]]}} {{sc|'''genitor'''}} uenerabilis, ut &quot;Thybri pater&quot;. ergo hoc nomen et ad uerum patrem pertinet et ad honorem refertur. sane ueteres omnes deos patres dicebant. {{sc|'''caeloqve invectvs aperto'''}} non per caelum uectus, sed caelo iam sereno uectus per maria. 

{{ancora+|156|[[Aeneis/Liber I#156|156.]]}} {{sc|'''flectit'''}} quidam 'flectit' pro regit accipiunt, ut interdum 'torquet' in eodem significatu ponit &quot;qui numine torques&quot;. {{sc|'''cvrrv'''}} non, ut quidam putant, pro 'currui' posuit, nec est apocope, sed ratio artis antiquae, quia omnis nominatiuus pluralis regit genetiuum singularem et isosyllabus esse debet, ut hae musae huius musae, hi docti huius docti. item a genetiuo singulari datiuus regitur singularis, ut isosyllabus sit, ut huius docti huic docto. inde ergo est &quot;curruque abscisa duorum suspendit capita&quot; et &quot;libra die&quot;, ne, si 'diei' fecisset, maior esset nominatiuo plurali. {{sc|'''secvndo'''}} troianis obsequenti. et tractus est sermo a sequentibus seruis, id est pedisequis secundis: unde et secundam fortunam dicimus, quod secundum nos est, id est prope nos. 

{{ancora+|157|[[Aeneis/Liber I#157|157.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneadae'''}} nunc Troiani, aliquando Romani, ut &quot;Aeneadae in ferrum pro libertate ruebant&quot;. {{sc|'''proxima litora'''}} ideo quia post periculum non eligitur litus, sed quodcumque occurrit occupatur. {{sc|'''cvrsv'''}} aut secundum quod superius diximus 'proxima cursu', id est cursui, aut 'contendunt cursu petere', et est septimus casus. ut hic 'cursu' de nauibus, ita alibi iter, ut &quot;unde iter Italiam&quot; et in quinto &quot;certus iter&quot;. stationes etiam nauium dicebant, quod est animalibus terrestribus proprium. 

{{ancora+|158|[[Aeneis/Liber I#158|158.]]}} {{sc|'''vertvntvr'''}} scilicet a proposito itinere, hoc est ab Italia. 

{{ancora+|159|[[Aeneis/Liber I#159|159.]]}} {{sc|'''est in secessv'''}}  topothesia est, id est fictus secundum poeticam licentiam locus. ne autem uideatur penitus a ueritate discedere, Hispaniensis Carthaginis portum descripsit. ceterum hunc locum in Africa nusquam esse constat, nec incongrue propter nominis similitudinem posuit. nam topographia est rei uerae descriptio. {{sc|'''secessv'''}} sinu secreto. {{sc|'''locvs'''}} subaudis 'quem', ut superius &quot;urbs antiqua fuit&quot;. et sciendum est, quia, quotiens praemittimus nomen cuiuslibet generis et interposito pronomine proprium sequitur nomen alterius generis, medium illud pronomen proprii nominis genus sequitur, ut Sallustius &quot;est in carcere locus, quod Tullianum appellatur&quot;. ecce proprio iunxit, non appellatiuo; Tullianum enim proprium est, carcer appellatiuum. si autem utraque nomina appellatiua fuerint, licenter cui uolumus respondemus. INSVLA PORTUM EFFICIT 'quem locum' subaudimus, uel 'in quo insula portum efficit'; hoc enim solummodo portus, quod illi insula anteposita est. 


{{ancora+|161|[[Aeneis/Liber I#161|161.]]}} {{sc|'''inqve sinvs scindit sese vnda redvctos'''}}  diuidit se unda in sinus reductos, id est replicabiles. {{sc|'''inqve sinvs'''}} antiqua est locutio. sic ipse alibi &quot;inque salutatam linquo&quot;. C- Memmius de triumpho Luculli Asiatico: &quot;inque luxuriosissimis Asiae oppidis consedissse&quot; et mox &quot;inque Gallograeciam redierunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|162|[[Aeneis/Liber I#162|162.]]}} {{sc|'''gemini'''}} pares, similes; interdum et duos significat. {{sc|'''minantvr'''}} eminent, ut &quot;minaeque murorum ingentes&quot;. item &quot;illa usque minatur&quot;. et ita est, ut quae eminent minari uideantur. 

{{ancora+|163|[[Aeneis/Liber I#163|163.]]}} {{sc|'''svb vertice'''}}  hoc est circa radices montis, quae ad rectam lineam suscipiunt cacumen, id est uerticem. 

{{ancora+|164|[[Aeneis/Liber I#164|164.]]}} {{sc|'''tvta'''}} a tempestate defensa, ideo et 'silent'. {{sc|'''tvm'''}} pro praeterea. TUM SILVIS SCAENA CORVSCIS 'siluis coruscis' hoc est siluarum coruscarum, id est crispantium, ut Iuuenalis &quot;longa coruscat serraco ueniente abies&quot;. et posuit septimum pro genetiuo, ut superius &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. alii 'coruscis' tremulis uel uibrantibus accipiunt. {{sc|'''scaena'''}} inumbratio. et dicta scaena g-apo g-tehs g-skias. apud antiquos enim theatralis scaena parietem non habuit, sed de frondibus umbracula quaerebant. postea tabulata conponere coeperunt in modum parietis. scaena autem pars theatri aduersa spectantibus, in qua sunt regia. 

{{ancora+|165|[[Aeneis/Liber I#165|165.]]}} {{sc|'''desvper'''}} pro supra, praepositione contra rationem adiecta. {{sc|'''horrenti'''}} horror plerumque ad odium pertinet, plerumque ad uenerationem, ut hoc loco. sic Lucanus &quot;arboribus suus horror inest&quot;. {{sc|'''atrvm nemvs'''}} tropus est; per atrum enim nigrum ostendit, per nigrum umbrosum, per umbrosum densum, id est frondibus plenum. 

{{ancora+|167|[[Aeneis/Liber I#167|167.]]}} {{sc|'''vivo'''}} naturali, ut &quot;uiuo praeteruehor ostia saxo&quot;. 

{{ancora+|168|[[Aeneis/Liber I#168|168.]]}} {{sc|'''nympharvm domvs'''}}  aut uerum dicit et est historia, aut ad laudem pertinet loci: talis, inquit, locus est, ut domus credatur esse nympharum. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro 'illic' more suo. 

{{ancora+|169|[[Aeneis/Liber I#169|169.]]}} {{sc|'''anchora morsv'''}}  hoc nomen cum in Graeco, unde originem ducit, aspirationem non habeat, in Latino aspiratur: quod est contrarium; nam magis Graecorum est aspiratio. sed hoc in paucis nominibus inuenitur. morsum autem de anchoris bene dixit, cum alio loco inueniamus &quot;tum dente tenaci anchora fundabat nauis&quot;. 


{{ancora+|170|[[Aeneis/Liber I#170|170.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc septem aeneae c'''}} - N- quidam uolunt hoc loco quaestionem nasci. si fauet Neptunus Troianis, cur cum omnibus nauibus ad Africam non peruenit Aeneas? sed Neptunus postquam sensit tempestatem commotam, potuit de periculo liberare Troianos, ante facta uero mutare non potuit. nam et Orontis nauem cum omnibus sociis eius constat perisse: et simul libri oeconomia perisset, si Aeneas cum omnibus nauibus peruenisset. uolunt autem septem naues ita interim colligi, ut una Aeneae sit, tres de saxis a Cymothoe et Tritone, tres de syrtibus, Neptuno syrtes nauigabiles faciente, liberatae sint, reliquae tantum dispersae sint, quas paulo post legimus ad Africae litus adpulsas. nouam tamen rem Naeuius bello Punico dicit, unam nauem habuisse Aeneam, quam Mercurius fecerit. 

{{ancora+|171|[[Aeneis/Liber I#171|171.]]}} {{sc|'''tellvris amore'''}}  cuiuscumque post pericula. unde et superius dixit 'quae proxima litora cursu contendunt'. et paulo post infert 'optata potiuntur Troes harena'; nam re uera haec optata non erat eis, qui ad Italiam festinant. tellurem autem pro terra posuit, cum Tellurem deam dicamus, terram elementum; ut plerumque ponimus Vulcanum pro igni, Cererem pro frumento, Liberum pro uino. 

{{ancora+|172|[[Aeneis/Liber I#172|172.]]}} {{sc|'''harena'''}} quaeritur, habeat necne nomen hoc adspirationem. et Varro sic definit &quot;si ab ariditate dicitur non habet, si ab haerendo, ut in fabricis uidemus, habet&quot;. melior tamen est superior etymologia. et 'harena' aut pro terra posita est, aut et harena grata potuit esse post mare. 

{{ancora+|173|[[Aeneis/Liber I#173|173.]]}} {{sc|'''sale tabentis'''}}  aut madefactos aspargine, aut qui apud sentinam laborauerint; nam supra ait &quot;omnes accipiunt inimicum imbrem&quot;. sane marina aqua dicitur exesse et extenuare ut cetera sic corpus humanum. {{sc|'''in litore'''}} pro in litus, ut &quot;arma sub aduersa posuit radiantia quercu&quot; pro sub aduersam quercum. 

{{ancora+|174|[[Aeneis/Liber I#174|174.]]}} {{sc|'''silici scintillam excvdit'''}}  bene adiecit speciem, quia in lapidibus certis inuenitur ignis. 'excudit' autem est feriendo eiecit, quia cudere est ferire; unde et incus dicitur, quod illic aliquid cudamus, id est feriamus. {{sc|'''achates'''}} adlusit ad nomen, nam achates lapidis species est: bene ergo ipsum dicit ignem excusisse. unde etiam Achaten eius comitem dixit. lectum est enim in naturali historia Plinii, quod si quis hunc lapidem in anulo habuerit, gratiosior est. 

{{ancora+|175|[[Aeneis/Liber I#175|175.]]}} {{sc|'''svccepit'''}} pro suscepit, ut diximus supra. 

{{ancora+|176|[[Aeneis/Liber I#176|176.]]}} {{sc|'''nvtrimenta'''}} Cicero in Oratore &quot;sed quod educata huius nutrimentis eloquentia ipsa se postea colorat&quot;. {{sc|'''rapvitqve in fomite flammam'''}} paene soloecophanes est; nam cum mutationem uerbum significet, ablatiuo usus est: sed hoc soluit aut antiqua circa communes praepositiones licentia, ut est &quot;conditus in nubem&quot;, contra &quot;et nota conduntur in aluo&quot;, item &quot;saeua sedens super arma&quot; et &quot;geminae super arbore sidunt&quot;. Cicero &quot;quod ille in capite ab hostium duce acceperat&quot;, item &quot;et si fortes fueritis in eo, quem nemo sit ausus defendere&quot;. aut 'rapuit' raptim fecit flammam in fomite, id est celeriter. et mire 'rapuit', opus est enim celeritate ad tale ministerium. sane fomites sunt assulae quae ab arboribus cadunt quando inciduntur, quod foueant ignem. Clodius Scriba commentariorum IIII. &quot;fomenta taleae excisae ex arboribus&quot;, item alio loco &quot;astulae ambustae, ligna cauata a fungis nomine excepto&quot;. 

{{ancora+|177|[[Aeneis/Liber I#177|177.]]}} {{sc|'''cererem'''}} metonymia pro frumento. {{sc|'''corrvptam vndis'''}} aqua emollitam. {{sc|'''cerealiaqve arma'''}} fugiens uilia ad generalitatem transiit propter carminis dignitatem et rem uilem auxit honestate sermonis, ut alibi, ne lucernam diceret, ait &quot;testa cum ardente uiderent scintillare oleum&quot;. et sciendum est iudice euphonia dici 'Cerealia' uel 'Cerialia', 'Typhoea' uel 'Typhoia', 'Caesareanus' uel 'Caesarianus'. in his ergo licentia deriuationis est. CEREALIAQUE ARMA 'arma' enim generaliter omnium rerum instrumenta dicuntur, ubi reponuntur armaria dicta sunt. Nigidius de hominum naturalibus IIII. &quot;omnis enim ars materia inuenta circa quam uersetur, ferramenta uasa instrumentum armamentaque primum comparat, per quae opera sua efficere possit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|178|[[Aeneis/Liber I#178|178.]]}} {{sc|'''fessi rervm'''}}  hoc est penuria fatigati, id est esurientes, quod fere laborem fames subsequitur. et fessus generale est; dicimus enim fessus animo, id est incertus consilii, ut &quot;ter fessus ualle resedit&quot;, et fessus corpore, quod magis est proprium, et fessus rerum a fortuna uenientium, ut hoc loco. epitheta numquam uacant, sed aut ad augmentum, aut ad diminutionem, aut ad discretionem poni solent. {{sc|'''frvges'''}} generaliter omnes fruges dicuntur, et errant qui discernunt frumenta a frugibus. nam Cicero ait &quot;olei et frugum minutarum&quot;, cum de leguminibus diceret, ut ostenderet etiam frumenta fruges uocari. frugum autem nomen tractum est a frumine, id est eminente gutturis parte. {{sc|'''receptas'''}} liberatas ut &quot;medioque ex hoste recepit&quot;, id est liberauit. {{sc|'''receptas'''}} de periculo uel ex insperato saluas. 

{{ancora+|179|[[Aeneis/Liber I#179|179.]]}} {{sc|'''et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo'''}}  multi hysteroproteron putant, non respicientes superiora, quia dixit undis Cererem esse corruptam, quam necesse fuerat ante siccari. qui tamen etiam contra hoc illo se tuentur exemplo &quot;nunc torrete igni fruges, nunc frangite saxo&quot; et uolunt etiam hic hysteroproteron esse. quod falsum est; nam et hodie siccari ante fruges et sic frangi uidemus. et quia apud maiores nostros molarum usus non erat, frumenta torrebant et ea in pilas missa pinsebant, et hoc erat genus molendi. unde et pinsores dicti sunt, qui nunc pistores uocantur. pinsere autem dici Persius probat, ut &quot;a tergo quem nulla ciconia pinsit&quot;. quidam ne hysteroproteron sit, alios torrere, alios frangere accipiunt. Accius Troadibus &quot;nocturna saxo fruges franges torridas&quot;. sane his uersibus 'tum Cererem corruptam undis' et 'torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo' ius pontificum latenter attingit. flamines autem farinam fermentatam contingere non licebat. cum autem dicit 'Cererem corruptam undis' et 'torrere p- f- et f- s-', quid aliud ostendit, quam mox eos sine fermento panem coxisse, qui omnes fruges corruptas protulerunt? non autem exspectasse eos fermentum, docet illo uersu 'tum uictu reuocant uires'. 


{{ancora+|180|[[Aeneis/Liber I#180|180.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneas'''}} merita personarum uilibus officiis interesse non debent: quod bene seruat ubique Vergilius, ut hoc loco, item in sexto cum diuersis officiis Troianos diceret occupatos, ait &quot;at pius Aeneas arces quibus altus Apollo praesidet&quot;: nisi cum causa pietatis interuenit, ut ad sepeliendum socium Misenum de Aenea dixit &quot;paribusque accingitur armis&quot;. {{sc|'''scopvlvm'''}} id est speculam. et quando speculationem significamus, generis est feminini, ut &quot;specula Misenus ab alta&quot;. speculum autem, in quo nos intuemur, generis est neutri, ut Iuuenalis &quot;speculum ciuilis sarcina belli&quot;. 

{{ancora+|181|[[Aeneis/Liber I#181|181.]]}} {{sc|'''late petit'''}}  in quantum potest. {{sc|'''pelago'''}} in pelagus, ut &quot;inferretque deos Latio&quot;. {{sc|'''anthea si qvem'''}} aut ordo est 'ascendit scopulum requisiturus Anthea Capyn Caicum, si quem uideat'. et usus est hoc genere elocutionis, quo et Terentius, qui dixit &quot;quod plerique omnes faciunt adulescentuli&quot;. atqui nihil tam contrarium; omnes enim generale est, plerique speciale: ordo ergo est, quod omnes faciunt adulescentuli, ut animum ad aliquod studium adiungant, plerique equos alere, plerique canes. aut certe 'quem' uacat, ut superius diximus istas frequenter uacare particulas, ut ipse Vergilius &quot;Rhebe diu, res si qua diu mortalibus ulla est&quot;. nemo enim dicit 'si qua ulla', sed 'si ulla': uacat ergo 'qua'. item in Lucilio &quot;et quem Pamphilum quaeris&quot; 'quem' uacat, nam de uno loquebatur. ergo 'si quem uideat' pro 'si uideat' posuit, cui contrarium ponebant ueteres 'nullum', id est 'si quem uidisti' 'nullum uidi' pro 'non uidi'. sane legitur et 'si qua', ut sit 'si qua ratione'. 

{{ancora+|182|[[Aeneis/Liber I#182|182.]]}} {{sc|'''phrygias'''}} Troianas, Troia enim in Phrygia prouincia est. et ueri simile est, Aeneam de omni ipsa prouincia socios habere potuisse. in secundo enim ait &quot;undique conuenere animis opibusque parati&quot;. dicta autem Phrygia ab Aesopi filia Phrygia. {{sc|'''biremis'''}} naues habentes remorum ordinem geminum, ut alibi &quot;triplici pubes quam Dardana uersu inpellunt&quot;. quidam tamen 'biremes' ad suum tempus uolunt dixisse Vergilium, negantes Troicis temporibus biremes fuisse. Varro enim ait post aliquot annos inuentas biremes. 

{{ancora+|183|[[Aeneis/Liber I#183|183.]]}} {{sc|'''in pvppibvs arma caici'''}}  quia nauigantum militum est puppibus arma religare, ut alibi &quot;pacem orare manu, praefigere puppibus arma&quot;. fiebat hoc autem et signi gratia. aut 'arma' pro naualibus armamentis, ut &quot;colligere arma iubet&quot;, quia solent naues a uelificatione facile cognosci. 

{{ancora+|184|[[Aeneis/Liber I#184|184.]]}} {{sc|'''cervos'''}} cerui dicti sunt g-apo g-ton g-keraton, id est a cornibus. sciendum autem est etiam Latina nomina Graecam plerumque etymologiam recipere. sed cerui non sunt in prouincia proconsulari, ad quam uenit Aeneas. aut fictum ergo est secundum poeticum morem, aut ob hoc dictum, quia heroicis temporibus ubique omnia nascebantur per se, ut ipse &quot;omnis feret omnia tellus&quot;. aut possunt tunc fuisse, sed ut multis aliis locis uariae mutationes factae: licet quidam ceruos pro quacumque fera dictos accipiant, quia post ait 'inplentur ueteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae'. nam male quidam eos de uicinis insulis transfretasse tradunt, et ideo 'errantes', quod in ignotis locis essent. 

{{ancora+|185|[[Aeneis/Liber I#185|185.]]}} {{sc|'''errantes'''}} pascentes, ut alibi &quot;mille meae Siculis errant in montibus agnae&quot;; re uera enim dum pascuntur, uagantur. et in septimo de ceruo &quot;errabat siluis&quot;. {{sc|'''tota'''}} inter 'totum' et 'omne' hoc interest, quod 'totum' dicimus unius corporis plenitudinem, 'omne' de uniuersis dicimus, ut puta 'totum auditorium habet scolasticos', hoc est plenum est auditorium scolasticis; 'omne auditorium habet scolasticos', id est omnia auditoria. usurpant tamen poetae et ista confundunt, ut hoc loco 'tota' pro omnibus posuit, et contra pro tota 'omnem' posuit, ut est &quot;omnemque reuerti per Troiam&quot;. Statius &quot;et totos in poenam ordire nepotes&quot;, id est omnes. plerique deriuationem dicunt ab eo quod est 'tot' 'totus', ut ab eo quod est 'quot' 'quotus'. sed illud notandum, quia in deriuatione mutat plerumque naturam; nam cum 'tot' naturaliter breuis sit, 'totus' producitur, 'quotus' uero secundum originem suam breuis remanet. {{sc|'''armenta'''}} uidetur noue de ceruis dixisse, cum armenta proprie boum sint uel equorum uel ceterorum quibus in armis utimur. 

{{ancora+|186|[[Aeneis/Liber I#186|186.]]}} {{sc|'''agmen'''}} agmen proprie dicitur ordinata multitudo, ut est ambulantis exercitus; neque enim in uno loco stans agmen uocatur, aut si inuentum fuerit usurpatum est: unde bene adiecit 'longum', ut incedentum ostenderet significationem. 

{{ancora+|187|[[Aeneis/Liber I#187|187.]]}} {{sc|'''constitit'''}} 'con' secundum naturam breuis est semper, excepto quum s littera uel f sequitur; tunc enim tantum producitur, sicut 'in' syllaba, ut insula, infula. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro tunc, aut pro ibi. {{sc|'''celeres'''}} potest et pro celeriter accipi. 

{{ancora+|188|[[Aeneis/Liber I#188|188.]]}} {{sc|'''corripvit'''}} aut de pharetra corripuit, ut est &quot;corripit hic subita trepidus formidine ferrum&quot;, aut ab Achate, ut eum secutum esse per silentium intellegamus, ut illo loco &quot;ni iam praemissus Achates adforet&quot;, item &quot;nunc repeto, Anchises fatorum arcana reliquit&quot;. aut 'corripuit', ut ceruorum celeritatem praeciperet. {{sc|'''gerebat'''}} aut tunc, aut quae gerere consueuerat. 

{{ancora+|190|[[Aeneis/Liber I#190|190.]]}} {{sc|'''cornibvs arboreis'''}}  aut subaudi 'cum', ut illo loco &quot;atque Ixionii uento rota constitit orbis&quot;, id est cum uento; aut certe secundum supra dictam figuram 'cornibus arboreis' pro cornuum arboreorum. melius tamen est ut 'cum' subaudias. {{sc|'''tvm vvlgvs'''}} bene 'uulgus' ductoribus interemptis. Ennius &quot;auium uulgus&quot; et alibi &quot;hastarum&quot;, id est multitudinem hastarum et auium. 


{{ancora+|191|[[Aeneis/Liber I#191|191.]]}} {{sc|'''miscet'''}} perturbat, circumagit, insequitur. {{sc|'''frondea'''}} pro frondosa posuit. plerumque enim dum uarietati declinationis student poetae mutant proprietatem; nam frondeum est totum de frondibus, ut torus, frondosus uero est lucus; licet enim abundet frondibus, non tamen est de frondibus totus: ut saxeus et saxosus. {{sc|'''tvrbam'''}} multitudinem. Cicero in Verrinis &quot;uidet in turba Verrem&quot;, Plautus in Amphitrione &quot;deinde utrique imperatores in medium exeunt extra turbam ordinum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|192|[[Aeneis/Liber I#192|192.]]}} {{sc|'''qvam septem'''}}  bene definit numerum; necessitatis enim est haec uenatio, non uoluptatis, in qua plura requiruntur. nec enim conueniebat, sociis diuersis modis laborantibus, uoluptati operam dare. {{sc|'''victor'''}} hoc loco propositi effector, ut est &quot;atque rotis insistere uictor&quot;. 

{{ancora+|193|[[Aeneis/Liber I#193|193.]]}} {{sc|'''fvndat hvmi'''}}  per humum. et est aduerbialiter positum, ut &quot;humi nitens&quot;, id est per humum. {{sc|'''cvm navibvs'''}} cacenphaton in sermone, quod fit si 'cum' particulam n littera sequatur. notandum sane est, quod non omnia persequitur, neque enim indicat, quo delati sunt cerui. 

{{ancora+|194|[[Aeneis/Liber I#194|194.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc'''}} pro inde uel post, abutitur enim aduerbiis more suo. {{sc|'''partitvr'''}} sallustius ait &quot;prouincias inter se partiuerant&quot;, nam et partio et partior dicimus: et est uerbum de his, quae cum utramque recipiant declinationem pro nostra uoluntate, actiuae tamen sunt significationis, ut punio punior, fabrico fabricor, lauo lauor. quamquam temptauerit Probus facere differentiam inter actiuam passiuamque significationem, ut dicamus tondeo alterum tondeor ab altero; sed hoc in aliis uerbis dicere non possumus, ut fabrico fabricor, pasco pascor; nam legimus &quot;florem depasta salicti&quot; et &quot;pascuntur uero dumos&quot;. sunt autem alia uerba, quae actiuae significationis declinationisque sunt, ut caedo, sunt quae passiuae, ut caedor. inuenimus tamen, actiuam declinationem significationem habere passiuam, ut uapulo, et contra declinationem passiuam actiuam habere significationem, ut loquor. haec ergo caute ab illis segreganda sunt uerbis. 

{{ancora+|195|[[Aeneis/Liber I#195|195.]]}} {{sc|'''vina bonvs qvae deinde cadis onerarat acestes'''}}  ordo est 'deinde uina partitur, quae Acestes dedit'. 'bonus' autem hic largus uel liberalis. sane etiam Aeneam bonum pro laude appellat, ut in quinto &quot;quos bonus Aeneas dictis solatur amicis&quot;. bonum etiam pro forti dicit Sallustius &quot;sane bonus ea tempestate contra pericula et ambitionem&quot;. item in Catilina &quot;sed libertatem, quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittit&quot;. de Acestis autem origine fabula in quinto libro est. {{sc|'''deinde'''}} una syllaba metri causa excluditur. 

{{ancora+|196|[[Aeneis/Liber I#196|196.]]}} {{sc|'''trinacrio'''}} Graecum est propter g-tria g-akra, id est promunturia, Lilybaeum, Pachynum, Pelorum. Latine autem Triquetra dicitur. sane Philostephanus peri ton neson sine r littera Trinaciam appellat &quot;g-hoti g-Trinakos g-autehs g-prohtos g-ebasileusen&quot;. {{sc|'''heros'''}} uir fortis, semideus, plus ab homine habens, ut ait Hesiodus. 

{{ancora+|197|[[Aeneis/Liber I#197|197.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis maerentia'''}}  bene ante epulas et hortatur socios et solatur. 

{{ancora+|198|[[Aeneis/Liber I#198|198.]]}} {{sc|'''o socii'''}}  ordo est 'o socii, reuocate animos'. bene autem socios dixit, ut se eis exaequaret. quidam socios proprie remiges accipiunt, sed illi socii nauales appellantur. {{sc|'''ignari'''}} pro inmemores. et est acyrologia; ignarus enim est qui ignorat, inmemor qui oblitus est. {{sc|'''ante malorvm'''}} g-huphen est, id est antiquorum malorum, ut alibi &quot;caeli subterlabentia signa&quot;. et totus hic locus de Naeuio belli Punici libro translatus est. 

{{ancora+|199|[[Aeneis/Liber I#199|199.]]}} {{sc|'''o passi graviora'''}}  arte magna utitur. uult enim eos meminisse grauissimorum, ut praesentia facilius tolerent. et bene grauiora dicit esse transacta, ut de praesenti eos naufragio consoletur, et ut ostendat futura esse leuiora. {{sc|'''his qvoqve'''}} scilicet sicut et grauioribus. 


{{ancora+|200|[[Aeneis/Liber I#200|200.]]}} {{sc|'''vos'''}} uos certe estis. {{sc|'''scyllaeam rabiem'''}} exempla pro negotiorum qualitate sumere debemus, ut hoc loco in marinis periculis ponit peractae tempestatis exempla. 'rabiem' autem secundum antiquos dictum non nulli adserunt; nam rabiam dici adfirmant. {{sc|'''penitvsqve sonantes'''}} id est ualde, et aut 'ualde sonantes' accessistis, aut 'ualde accessistis', id est iuxta. et bene ait 'accessistis'; non enim passi sunt haec pericula, sed his fuere uicini. 'accestis' autem pro accessistis dictum per syncopen, quae fit, cum de media parte uerbi syllaba subducitur. 

{{ancora+|201|[[Aeneis/Liber I#201|201.]]}} {{sc|'''cyclopea saxa'''}}  aut quae Cyclops in Ulixen iecit, aut certe Siciliam dicit, quae plurimis locis saxosa promunturia habet, in qua Cyclopes habitauerunt, ut ipse &quot;centum alii curua haec habitant ad litora uulgo&quot;. possumus tamen et Aetnam accipere, quae propria Cyclopum fuit: nam et ipse in tertio ait &quot;nocte illa tecti siluis inmania monstra perferimus&quot;. quidam tamen haec saxa inter Catinam et Tauromenium in modum metarum situ naturali dicunt esse, quae Cyclopea appellantur, quorum medium et eminentissimum Galate dicitur. 

{{ancora+|202|[[Aeneis/Liber I#202|202.]]}} {{sc|'''revocate animos'''}}  quos remisistis resumite, hoc est animo praesenti estote. {{sc|'''maestvmqve timorem'''}} quod maestos et sollicitos faciat, ut 'mors pallida' et 'tristis senectus'. 

{{ancora+|203|[[Aeneis/Liber I#203|203.]]}} {{sc|'''mittite'''}} pro omittite. et est tropus aphaeresis, quomodo temnere pro contemnere. {{sc|'''forsan'''}} forsan fortassis forsitan forte fors, ut &quot;fors et uota facit&quot; et &quot;forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras&quot;. sed omnia haec unum significant, sed uarie pro metri ratione ponuntur. dicitur tamen et 'fortasse', ut Terentius &quot;tu fortasse, quae hic facta sunt, nescis&quot;. {{sc|'''olim'''}} modo temporis futuri est. {{sc|'''meminisse'''}} memini et genetiuum regit et accusatiuum; dicimus enim et memini malorum et memini mala: et iusta ratione; nam memoriae obliuio contraria est. et obliuiscor similiter et genetiuum regit et accusatiuum, ut &quot;obliuiscere caedis atque incendiorum&quot; et &quot;obliuiscor iniurias tuas Clodia&quot;. {sic Tullius Cicero.} {{sc|'''ivvabit'''}} futuri temporis est. huius autem uerbi praeteritum perfectum anomalum est. nam cum primae coniugationis uerba tempore perfecto aut in aui exeant, ut amaui, aut in ui solutam, ut tonui, hoc uerbum neque iuuaui facit neque iuuui, sed iuui, ut Lucanus &quot;iuuit sumpta ducem, iuuit dimissa potestas&quot;. {{sc|'''ivvabit'''}} sicut nunc priorum meminisse iuuat. et multi 'iuuabit' non delectabit, sed usus erit tradunt. 

{{ancora+|204|[[Aeneis/Liber I#204|204.]]}} {{sc|'''per varios casvs'''}}  argumentum a conpensatione. et bene dicendo 'casus' et 'discrimina' praeterita attenuat; neque enim ait 'pericula'. 'rerum' autem potest et saluo sensu omitti. {{sc|'''sedes qvietas'''}} non uacat quod adiecit 'quietas'. habuit enim sedes et in Thracia, sed portentosas, et in Creta, sed pestilentes, et ideo non quietas. 'fata' autem quidam hic deorum responsa accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|206|[[Aeneis/Liber I#206|206.]]}} {{sc|'''illic fas regna resvergere troiae'''}}  figura etiam ante dicta, qua per contrarium aliquid intellegimus. dicendo enim 'illic fas' ostendit alibi nefas, ut occurreret cogitationi sociorum, ne fatigati tot malis quascumque requirerent sedes, quod etiam in quinto factum est nauibus incensis. bene autem 'regna Troiae' dixit, non Troiam, quam amiserant. 

{{ancora+|207|[[Aeneis/Liber I#207|207.]]}} {{sc|'''dvrate'''}} duri estote ad sustinendos labores. sic Horatius &quot;uix durare possunt imperiosius aequor&quot;. VOSMET 'met' g-parelkon est. sciendum autem est, has particulas 'met' 'piam' 'te', ut egomet quispiam tute et similia ornatus causa poni. sunt autem aduerbia. quicquid enim ab illis septem recesserit partibus aduerbium sit necesse est. item quemadmodum probamus aduerbia esse, quia dicimus 'docte facio', 'docte feci', 'docte fecisti', et mutato uerbo remanet aduerbium: ergo si sic et in istis particulis inuenimus, ut egomet uosmet, ut mutatis casibus uel personis eadem permaneant, aduerbia sine dubio sunt, nulla enim hoc alia pars orationis admittit. notandum sane quod hae particulae plerumque suam naturam habent, non syllabarum. nam cum 'te' et 'met' longae sint, 'tutemet' dactylus inuenitur, nec possumus harum partium naturam discutere, quia sub regulis non sunt. 

{{ancora+|208|[[Aeneis/Liber I#208|208.]]}} {{sc|'''voce refert'''}}  pleonasmos est, qui fit quotiens adduntur superflua, ut alibi &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;. Terentius &quot;his oculis egomet uidi&quot;. {{sc|'''cvris'''}} cura dicta ab eo quod cor urat. denique paulo post ait 'premit altum corde dolorem'. AEGER 'aeger' est et tristis et male ualens, aegrotus autem siue aegrotans tantummodo male ualens. 

{{ancora+|209|[[Aeneis/Liber I#209|209.]]}} {{sc|'''spem'''}} laetitiam, ut &quot;spem fronte serenat&quot;: et est crebra apud Vergilium figura, quae fit quotiens significatur ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, nam spem laetitia sequitur: spes uero in uultu non uidetur, sed laetitia. haec autem figura et uersa uice fit, ut intellegamus ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit, ut &quot;meritaeque expectent praemia palmae&quot; palmam pro uirtute posuit, quae praemium meretur et palmam. 


{{ancora+|210|[[Aeneis/Liber I#210|210.]]}} {{sc|'''praedae'''}} ad praedam, ut &quot;inferretque deos Latio&quot;. {{sc|'''accingvnt'''}} studiose parant, ut alibi &quot;accingunt operi&quot;; accinctos enim industrios dicimus, ut Horatius &quot;altius ac nos praecinctis unum&quot;, sicut econtra neclegentes discinctos uocamus, ut &quot;discinctos Mulciber Afros&quot;. {{sc|'''dapibvsqve fvtvris'''}} ambitiose dixit quod sunt cerui dapes futurae. 

{{ancora+|211|[[Aeneis/Liber I#211|211.]]}} {{sc|'''tergora'''}} tergus tergoris, unde et 'tergora', corium significat, tergum uero tergi, ut templum templi, dorsum significat, ut Sallustius &quot;scilicet quia tergis abstinetur&quot;. sed haec a ueteribus confundebantur, ut alibi &quot;taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo&quot;. item in nono &quot;ingerit hastas in tergus&quot;. quidam mox detracta coria pelles dici, subacta autem et iam medicata coria appellanda tradunt. VISCERA NUDANT 'uiscera' non tantum intestina dicimus, sed quicquid sub corio est, ut &quot;in Albano Latinis uisceratio dabatur&quot;, id est caro. est autem nominatiuus hoc uiscus huius uisceris, ut Lucretius &quot;uiscus gigni sanguenque creari&quot;. sanguen autem ideo dixit, quia sanguinis facit, ut carmen carminis; si enim sanguis diceret, par esset genetiuus, ut anguis, pinguis. 

{{ancora+|212|[[Aeneis/Liber I#212|212.]]}} {{sc|'''pars et frvsta secant'''}}  figurate, ut &quot;pars grandia trudunt&quot;. {{sc|'''veribvs'''}} ecce nomen de his quae in numero singulari indeclinabilia sunt, ut ueru cornu genu. {{sc|'''trementia'''}} palpitantia adhuc. 

{{ancora+|213|[[Aeneis/Liber I#213|213.]]}} {{sc|'''litore'''}} pro in litore. {{sc|'''aena locant'''}} quibus utebantur non ad elixandas carnes, sed ad se lauandos. heroicis enim temporibus carne non uescebantur elixa. huic autem nomini maiores adspirationem dabant; nam ahena dicebant. sane aena absolute, sicut Graeci g-chalkea, ut &quot;costis undantis aeni&quot; et &quot;aena undantia flammis&quot;. quidam autem aenum speciem uasis non utique aenei tradunt, ut Neuius &quot;aeneus, plumbeus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|214|[[Aeneis/Liber I#214|214.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm'''}} id est uel postquam se lauerunt, uel postquam sibi cibum parauerunt. {{sc|'''victv'''}} cibo, unde et conuictores dicimus, ut Horatius &quot;nunc quia sim tibi Maecenas conuictor&quot;; nam conuiuae a conuiuio dicuntur. {{sc|'''revocant vires'''}} bene cibo dixit uires reductas, quia supra dixerat 'fessi rerum', hoc est fame et labore fatigati. {{sc|'''fvsi'''}} polysemus sermo est. significat enim et discumbentes, ut hoc loco, et fugatos et occisos. sane iuxta temporis sui morem hoc loco discumbentes inducit, nam olim sedentes uesci consueuerant, ut ipse meminit &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|215|[[Aeneis/Liber I#215|215.]]}} {{sc|'''inplentvr'''}} inpleor duos casus regit; dicimus enim et inpleor illius rei, ut Cicero &quot;squaloris plenus ac pulueris&quot; et inpleor illa re, ut Iuuenalis &quot;lectica Mathonis plena ipso&quot;. {{sc|'''ferinae'''}} feras dicimus aut quod omni corpore feruntur, aut quod naturali utuntur libertate et pro desiderio suo feruntur. sane ueteres prope omnes quadrupedes feras dicebant, ut &quot;inque feri curuam conpagibus aluum contorsit&quot; et &quot;armentalis equae mammis et lacte ferino&quot;. 

{{ancora+|216|[[Aeneis/Liber I#216|216.]]}} {{sc|'''postqvam exempta fames'''}}  caute in maestitia cibis famem exemptam dicit, id est fugatam, non affluentiam quaesitam. Homerus &quot;g-autar g-epei g-posios g-kai g-edehtuos g-ex g-eron g-hento&quot;. {{sc|'''mensaeqve remotae'''}} quia apud maiores ipsas apponebant mensas pro discis: unde est &quot;et mensae grata secundae&quot;. duas enim habebant mensas: unam carnis, alteram pomorum. sane aliquando inducit luxuriosas epulas &quot;postquam prima quies epulis mensaeque remotae&quot;. {{sc|'''amissos'''}} non re uera, sed ut illo tempore putabant. 

{{ancora+|218|[[Aeneis/Liber I#218|218.]]}} {{sc|'''spemqve metvmqve inter dvbii'''}}  spes bonorum, metus malorum; et ideo subiunxit 'seu uiuere credant, siue extrema pati'. et hoc loco 'seu' pro utrumne. et quidam commodius distingui putant 'spemque metumque inter' et sic subiungunt 'dubii seu uiuere credant siue extrema pati'. 

{{ancora+|219|[[Aeneis/Liber I#219|219.]]}} {{sc|'''exavdire vocatos'''}}  aut subaudimus 'deos' et quasi conquestio est, quod non flectantur precibus, aut certe hoc dicit, non solum perisse eos, sed nec sepulturam habere, ad quam uocentur. nouimus enim quod mortuorum umbrae ad sepulcra uocabantur, ut est &quot;manesque uocabat Hectoreum ad tumulum&quot;. et est figura ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, quia post facta sepulcra manes uocantur, ut in tertio &quot;animamque sepulcro condimus et magna supremum uoce ciemus&quot;; post nomen enim defuncti uocatum tertio dicebatur uale uale uale. aut ideo non exaudire quia iam illi mortui sint, aut a praetereuntibus uocatos non exaudire, aut certe in ea parte sitos, ut nec uocati exaudiant, quia fuit et alius mos, ut eos qui in aliena terra perissent uocarent, ut est &quot;et magna manes ter uoce uocaui&quot;. 


{{ancora+|220|[[Aeneis/Liber I#220|220.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipve'''}} praeter omnes, quasi pius. {{sc|'''acris'''}} fortis, alias uelocis. quidam acrem in unamquamque rem uegetum ac nimium tradunt. {{sc|'''oronti'''}} pro Orontis, ut &quot;inmitis Achilli&quot;. uitauit homoio- teleuton. 

{{ancora+|221|[[Aeneis/Liber I#221|221.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc amyci'''}}  in quinto Gyae meminit; nam Amycus et Lycus cum Oronte uidentur perisse. {{sc|'''secvm'''}} propter socios, ut supra 'spem uultu simulat'. 

{{ancora+|222|[[Aeneis/Liber I#222|222.]]}} {{sc|'''fortemqve gyan'''}}  ut merito requirantur et desiderentur. 

{{ancora+|223|[[Aeneis/Liber I#223|223.]]}} {{sc|'''finis'''}} uel fabularum uel diei. sequitur namque paulo post 'Aeneas per noctem plurima uoluens'. et sciendum est Vergilium non semper dicere ortum uel occasum diei, sed aut intellectui relinquere, ut hoc loco, aut negotiis tempora significare. est autem poetica callopistia non omnia exprimere: unde ait Horatius in arte poetica &quot;nec uerbum uerbo curabis reddere fidus interpres&quot;; quamuis plerique de translatione Graecitatis hoc adserant dictum. Homerus sane ista contemnens tempora uniuersa describit. {{sc|'''et iam finis erat'''}} uel epularum uel famis uel malorum, ex quo Iuppiter in caelo ita constitit, ut Libyam respiceret. {{sc|'''cvm ivppiter aethere svmmo despiciens'''}} oeconomiam istam secundum mathesin uidetur ordinasse Vergilius; nam Ioue in altitudine sua posito cum Venere significatur quod per mulierem aliqua felicitas possit euenire. ergo quoniam Aeneas in partem regni admittetur a Didone per occasionem coniugii, idcirco haec poeta praemisit. sane et illud animaduertendum quod peritissime dixit tristiorem Venerem fuisse cum Ioue, ex quo significat exitum uxoris infelicem futurum; nam se utique Dido interemit. quod autem Mercurium facit a Ioue defluentem ad occasum descendere, id est ad ima terrarum, ostendit amicitias quidem fore, sed minime diuturno tempore permanere. illud etiam mathematici dicunt, Venere in Virgine posita misericordem feminam nasci: atque ideo Vergilius fingit in habitu uirginis uenatricis Venerem occurrisse filio, quod et misericordem postea reginam probauit Aeneas et in uenatione cum ea permixtus est. {{sc|'''aethere svmmo'''}} qui summus est; et proprium et perpetuum aetheri epitheton dedit, quia omnibus superior est: non ergo quasi elegerit Iuppiter locum qui superior est. 

{{ancora+|224|[[Aeneis/Liber I#224|224.]]}} {{sc|'''despiciens'''}} deorsum aspiciens, sicut 'suspiciens' sursum aspiciens. notandum sane, quia si dispiciens dixerimus, diligenter inquirens significamus, sicut deduco et diduco; nam deduco est prosequor, diduco uero diuido. {{sc|'''velivolvm'''}} duas res significat, et quod uelis uolatur, ut hoc loco, et quod uelis uolat, ut Ennius &quot;naues ueliuolas&quot;, qui et proprie dixit. et est ista reciproca translatio nauium et auium. legimus enim &quot;et uelorum pandimus alas&quot; et contra de apibus &quot;nare per aestatem liquidam&quot;, cum natatus nauium sit, alae uero auium. et sciendum est esse reciprocas translationes, esse et partis unius. {{sc|'''iacentes'''}} aut in longum expositas, aut proprium epitheton est terrarum; nam cum cetera elementa mobilia sint, sola terra stabilis est, unde et bruta dicitur. alibi &quot;tantum campi iacet&quot;. 

{{ancora+|225|[[Aeneis/Liber I#225|225.]]}} {{sc|'''latos popvlos'''}}  cum populos numero plurali dicimus urbes significamus, cum uero populum, unius multitudinem ciuitatis intellegimus. {{sc|'''sic'''}} id est sic, ut ista conspiceret. 

{{ancora+|226|[[Aeneis/Liber I#226|226.]]}} {{sc|'''et libyae defixit lvmina regnis'''}}  prooeconomia, id est dispositio carminis. uituperabile enim fuerat, si ex abrupto transitum faceret, quod in nono fecit: quae res tamen excusatur uno sermone &quot;atque ea diuersa penitus dum parte geruntur&quot;, id est eodem tempore, quod solum est interpositum. nunc uero bene transiit, quia inducit Iouem et de rebus humanis cogitantem et Africam respicientem, ad quam uenere Troiani. unde honestus color est, ut Venus adeat Iouem, timens ne Romana fata Carthagini concedat; felix enim euentus sequitur loca quae respexerit Iuppiter: unde in secundo ait &quot;aspice nos hoc tantum&quot; et alibi &quot;atque oculos Rutulorum reicit aruis&quot;, ubi erat futura uictoria. 

{{ancora+|227|[[Aeneis/Liber I#227|227.]]}} {{sc|'''tales'''}} de rebus humanis. {{sc|'''iactantem pectore cvras'''}} nunc secundum Stoicos loquitur, qui deos dicunt humana curare, interdum secundum Epicureos, poetica utens licentia. 

{{ancora+|228|[[Aeneis/Liber I#228|228.]]}} {{sc|'''tristior'''}} conparatiuum posuit pro positiuo. quando enim tristis est Venus, ut nunc 'tristior' diceretur? sic Sallustius &quot;utque ipsum mare Ponticum dulcius quam cetera&quot;. an modo tristior, cum et ante propter Aeneam soleret tristis esse? an tristior pro laetitia Veneris? {{sc|'''ocvlos svffvsa nitentes'''}} nitidos oculos lacrimis perfusos habens. et est figura, quae fit quotiens participio praeteriti temporis a passiuo iungimus casum accusatiuum, ut 'deiectus animum', 'maesta uultum'. dicendo autem 'nitentes' expressit nimiam etiam in lacrimis pulchritudinem, sicut de Euryalo &quot;lacrimaeque decorae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|229|[[Aeneis/Liber I#229|229.]]}} {{sc|'''o qvi res hominvmqve devmqve'''}}  grauiter coepit; non enim ait 'o genitor'. et est tota orationis intentio, iniuste uexari a Iunone Troianos. 


{{ancora+|230|[[Aeneis/Liber I#230|230.]]}} {{sc|'''aeternis regis imperiis et fvlmine terres'''}}  haec commemoratio potentiae Iouis quasi ad inuidiam posita est, hoc est, qui omne potes contra te flecteris. {{sc|'''aeternis regis imperiis et fvlmine terres'''}} uolunt quidam superfluo 'regis' ad deos referri, 'terres' ad homines, nescientes quia maioris potestatis est idem posse circa deos, quod circa homines. 'et fulmine terres' non sine causa adiecit 'terres'. est enim fulmen quod terreat; est quod adflet, ut &quot;fulminis adflauit uentis&quot;; est quod puniat, ut &quot;uel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras&quot;: peremptorii autem fulminis late patet significatio: est quod praesaget, ut &quot;de caelo tactas memini praedicere quercus&quot;. poetarum autem consuetudo est prope semper cum Iouem nominauerint et fulmen adiungere, ut &quot;audiat haec genitor qui foedera fulmine sancit&quot; et ante &quot;genitor cum fulmina torques&quot;. 

{{ancora+|231|[[Aeneis/Liber I#231|231.]]}} {{sc|'''mevs'''}} subaudis filius, ut Aiacis Oili, ut ante diximus. {{sc|'''mevs'''}} id est quasi per me tibi coniunctus. {{sc|'''in te'''}} modo 'contra te', alibi 'pro' significat, ut &quot;quietum accipit in Teucros animum&quot;, id est pro Teucris. 

{{ancora+|232|[[Aeneis/Liber I#232|232.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid troes potvere'''}} ? hoc est, qui Grais pares non fuerunt, in te aliquid possunt? et est argumentum ab inpossibili, ut alibi &quot;non ea uis animo&quot;. et est ualidius, quam a uoluntate; plus enim est non posse, quam nolle. {{sc|'''troes'''}} erit nominatiuus Tros. et haec breuiter scienda regula est, quia omnia nomina monosyllaba Graeca, quae in Latinum sermonem transeunt, tertiae sunt tantum declinationis et tam Latine quam Graece declinari possunt, ut Tros Trois et Troos, Pan Panis et Panos, ut &quot;Arcadici dictum Panos de more Lycaei&quot;. 

{{ancora+|233|[[Aeneis/Liber I#233|233.]]}} {{sc|'''ob italiam'''}}  ne ad Italiam perueniant, toto orbe pelluntur. atqui in Africa sunt. sed si diligenter requiras, etiam inde pelluntur; ait namque &quot;hospitio prohibemur harenae&quot;. {{sc|'''ob italiam'''}} multi 'iuxta Italiam' antiquo more dictum accipiunt, ut sit, pars orbis clauditur quae circa Italiam est; 'ob' enim ueteres pro 'iuxta' ponebant. Plautus in milite &quot;nunc scio mihi ob oculos caliginem obstitisse&quot;. potest tamen 'ob' et 'ante' intellegi, aut 'ob' 'propter', Terentius &quot;quodnam ob factum&quot;; aut 'ob' 'circum', ut &quot;Turni se pestis ob ora&quot;, quasi circa Italiam errent et in eam peruenire non possint. significat 'ob' et 'contra', ut obstat et obloquitur. 

{{ancora+|234|[[Aeneis/Liber I#234|234.]]}} {{sc|'''certe hinc romanos'''}}  atqui nusquam hoc legimus, sed per silentium intellegimus, ut superius de Iunone &quot;audierat&quot;. {{sc|'''olim'''}} aut 'olim fore' et futuri temporis est, aut 'olim pollicitus'. {{sc|'''volventibvs'''}} uolubilibus, et est participium pro nomine. uoluens enim est qui uoluit, uolubilis qui uoluitur. anni autem uoluuntur, non uoluunt, ut est &quot;atque in se sua per uestigia uoluitur annus&quot;. alii quia deficit lingua Latina participio praesenti passiuo praesens actiuum positum uolunt, ut &quot;uoluentia plaustra&quot; et &quot;siliqua quassante&quot; quae quassetur. 

{{ancora+|235|[[Aeneis/Liber I#235|235.]]}} {{sc|'''fore'''}} futuros esse. et est de uerbis defectiuis. {{sc|'''revocato'''}} dicendo 'reuocato' ostendit Italiam, unde Dardanus fuerat. {{sc|'''a sangvine tevcri'''}} teucrum pro Dardano posuit: Dardanus enim de Italia profectus est, Teucer de Creta: quia solent poetae nomina de uicinis prouinciis uel personis usurpare, ut &quot;domitus Pollucis habenis Cyllarus&quot;, cum Castor equorum domitor fuerit; item et &quot;manibus Procne pectus signata cruentum&quot; pro Philomela; item Didonem Sidoniam dicit, cum sit Tyria, a loci uicinitate; item &quot;quid loquar aut Scyllam Nisi?&quot; cum Phorci fuerit. et sciendum est, inter fabulam et argumentum, hoc est historiam, hoc interesse, quod fabula est dicta res contra naturam, siue facta siue non facta, ut de Pasiphae, historia est quicquid secundum naturam dicitur, siue factum siue non factum, ut de Phaedra. 

{{ancora+|236|[[Aeneis/Liber I#236|236.]]}} {{sc|'''omni dicione'''}}  melius 'omni' quam 'omnis', ut significet 'omni potestate', id est pace, legibus, bello. 

{{ancora+|237|[[Aeneis/Liber I#237|237.]]}} {{sc|'''pollicitvs'''}} pollicemur sponte, rogati promittimus. QUAE TE GENITOR SENTENTIA VERTIT? 'quae' pro cuius aut qualis. et uerecunde agit Venus; nec enim conueniebat, ut aperte contra uxorem ageret apud maritum: unde et similiter respondet Iuppiter 'neque me sententia uertit'. 

{{ancora+|238|[[Aeneis/Liber I#238|238.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc'''}} hac re. {{sc|'''hoc'''}} propter hoc quod sciret Aeneae socios imperaturos. 

{{ancora+|239|[[Aeneis/Liber I#239|239.]]}} {{sc|'''fatis contraria fata'''}}  utrum fatis bonis in praesentibus? {{sc|'''rependens'''}} conpensans. et est translatio a pecunia. 


{{ancora+|240|[[Aeneis/Liber I#240|240.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc eadem'''}}  similis qualis ab initio fuit, ut ostendat nec longitudinem temporis prodesse Troianis. 

{{ancora+|241|[[Aeneis/Liber I#241|241.]]}} {{sc|'''finem'''}} ac si diceret, non regnum requirimus, sed finem laborum. 

{{ancora+|242|[[Aeneis/Liber I#242|242.]]}} {{sc|'''antenor potvit'''}}  capto Ilio Menelaus memor se et Ulixen beneficio Antenoris seruatos, cum repetentes Helenam ab eo essent suscepti ac paene a Paride aliisque iuuenibus interempti essent, parem gratiam reddens inuiolatum dimisit. qui cum uxore Theano et filiis Helicaone et Polydamante ceterisque sociis in Illyricum peruenit, et bello exceptus ab Euganeis et rege Veleso uictor urbem Patauium condidit; id enim responsi acceperat eo loco condere ciuitatem quo sagittis auem petisset; ideo ex auis petitae auspicio Patauium nominatum, cui aeternitatem - - Helicaon ne uictor rediret gladio peremit. {{sc|'''antenor potvit'''}} non sine causa Antenoris posuit exemplum, cum multi euaserint Troianorum periculum, ut Capys qui Campaniam tenuit, ut Helenus qui Macedoniam, ut alii qui Sardiniam secundum Sallustium; sed propter hoc, ne forte illud occurreret, iure hunc uexari tamquam proditorem patriae. elegit ergo similem personam; hi enim duo Troiam prodidisse dicuntur secundum Liuium, quod et Vergilius per transitum tangit, ubi ait &quot;se quoque principibus permixtum agnouit Achiuis&quot;, et excusat Horatius dicens &quot;ardentem sine fraude Troiam&quot;, hoc est sine proditione: quae quidem excusatio non uacat; nemo enim excusat nisi rem plenam suspicionis. Sisenna tamen dicit solum Antenorem prodidisse. quem si uelimus sequi augemus exemplum: si regnat proditor, cur pius uagatur? ob hoc autem creditur Graecis Antenor patriam prodidisse, quia sicut superius dictum est, et auctor reddendae Helenae fuit et legatos qui propter Helenam uenerant suscepit hospitio, et Ulixen in mendici habitu agnitum non prodidit. {{sc|'''potvit'''}} plus est quod dixit 'potuit' non meruit. {{sc|'''elapsvs'''}} inuidiose noluit dicere 'dimissus', sed 'elapsus'. {{sc|'''achivis'''}} ab Achaeo, Iouis et Pithiae filio, dicti. 

{{ancora+|243|[[Aeneis/Liber I#243|243.]]}} {{sc|'''illyricos penetrare sinvs'''}}  Antenor non Illyricum, non Liburniam, sed Venetiam tenuit. ideo autem Vergilius dicit 'Illyricos sinus', quod inde uenit quidam Henetus rex, qui Venetiam tenuit, a cuius nomine Henetiam dictam posteri Venetiam nominauerunt. {{sc|'''tvtvs'''}} ideo tutus, quia Raeti Vindelici ipsi sunt Liburni, saeuissimi admodum populi, contra quos missus est Drusus. hi autem ab Amazonibus originem ducunt, ut etiam Horatius dicit &quot;quibus mos unde deductus per omne tempus Amazonia securi dextras obarmet, quaerere distuli&quot;. hoc ergo nunc ad augmentum pertinet, quod tutus est etiam inter saeuos populos. 

{{ancora+|244|[[Aeneis/Liber I#244|244.]]}} {{sc|'''fontem timavi'''}}  amant poetae rem unius sermonis circumlocutionibus dicere, ut pro Troia dicant 'urbem Troianam', pro Buthrotio 'arcem Buthroti'. sic et modo pro Timauo ait 'fontem Timaui', et paulo post 'urbem Pataui', id est Patauium. {{sc|'''svperare'''}} nauticus sermo est. Lucilius &quot;promontorium remis superamus Mineruae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|245|[[Aeneis/Liber I#245|245.]]}} {{sc|'''vnde per ora novem'''}}  multi septem esse dicunt. quod si incerta fides est, finitus est numerus pro infinito. {{sc|'''cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} tanta ui exit in mare, ut etiam resonet uicinus mons. et sic dictum est, sicut superius &quot;illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis circum claustra fremunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|246|[[Aeneis/Liber I#246|246.]]}} {{sc|'''mare'''}} it quasi proruptum mare. {{sc|'''mare'''}} amat poeta rem historiae carmini suo coniungere. Varro enim dicit hunc fluuium ab incolis mare nominari. {{sc|'''prorvptvm'''}} id est effusum fluens. et melius 'proruptum', quam 'praeruptum' legere. bene autem definit, quid est largus fons? solutum mare. {{sc|'''pelago'''}} aquarum abundantia. {{sc|'''premit'''}} populatur, uastat. sane multi 'it mare proruptum' et 'pelago premit arua sonanti' hoc intellegi uolunt, quod tanta est in illis locis accessa quae dicitur maris, ut per ora Timaui, id est usque ad initium fontis mare ascendat. unde ait 'it mare proruptum et pelago p- a-', id est ⟨ut⟩ aqua maris premat arua, hoc est litora uicina cooperiat. constat autem et in illo loco accessam maris usque ad montem peruenire et per omne litus Venetiarum mare certis horis et accedere per infinitum et recedere. Timauus autem in Histria est inter Aquileiam et Tergestum. 

{{ancora+|247|[[Aeneis/Liber I#247|247.]]}} {{sc|'''hic tamen'''}}  hoc est etiam in loco difficili. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro illic. {{sc|'''vrbem patavi'''}} hoc est Patauium. Patauium autem dictum uel a Padi uicinitate, quasi Padauium, uel g-apo g-tou g-petasthai, quod captato augurio dicitur condita, uel quod auem telo petisse dicitur et eo loco condidisse ciuitatem. alii a palude Patina, quae uicina ciuitati fuisse dicitur, Patauium dictam putant. sane 'Pataui' minorem nominatiuo genetiuum fecit, cum genetiuus numquam pauciores syllabas nominatiuo suo habere debeat; Patauium enim Patauii facit. {{sc|'''sedesqve locavit'''}} ex uotis suis facit inuidiam, dicens id concessum Antenori, quod ipsa desiderat. 

{{ancora+|248|[[Aeneis/Liber I#248|248.]]}} {{sc|'''et genti nomen dedit'''}}  hoc est, quod ne uictori quidem concedetur Aeneae: quod scimus a Iunone esse perfectum, contra quam oblique loquitur propter considerationem mariti. hi autem primis temporibus ab Antenore dicti sunt Antenoridae. ipsum uero quidam dicunt haec ora se appellasse. aut certe 'nomen' nobilitatem uel dignitatem, ut &quot;et nos aliquod nomenque decusque gessimus&quot;. {{sc|'''armaqve fixit troia'''}} hoc est, securus est, quia solent missi militia siue gladiatura quibuslibet templis arma suspendere, ut Horatius &quot;Veianius armis Herculis ad postem fixis&quot; et &quot;Danais de poste refixum&quot;. {{sc|'''armaqve fixit'''}} quasi non necessaria consecrauit; figere enim consecrare hic debemus accipere, ut &quot;postibus aduersis figo&quot;. 

{{ancora+|249|[[Aeneis/Liber I#249|249.]]}} {{sc|'''compostvs'''}} pro compositus. syncope est; detraxit enim de medio syllabam, ut &quot;et pocula porgite dextris&quot; 


{{ancora+|250|[[Aeneis/Liber I#250|250.]]}} {{sc|'''nos tva progenies'''}}  sic loquitur quasi una sit de Troianis; nam aliter sensus non procedit. quod autem dixit 'tua progenies', epexegesis est, ut &quot;ast ego quae diuum incedo regina&quot;. {{sc|'''nos tva progenies'''}} quasi patiatur et ipsa quod et filius. et bene 'tua progenies' propter Antenorem. {{sc|'''adnvis'''}} quia nutu semper promittit aliquid Iuppiter, ut &quot;annuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum&quot;. {{sc|'''annvis'''}} licet ipsa dea sit, tamen sub persona Aeneae se posuit. 

{{ancora+|251|[[Aeneis/Liber I#251|251.]]}} {{sc|'''navibvs amissis'''}}  cur, cum una nauis perierit, ait 'nauibus'? aut inuidiose dixit et exaggerat, aut quia adhuc aliae desunt, aut quia eas non perisse ignorat Aeneas. {{sc|'''infandvm'''}} pro infande posuit, ut in VI- &quot;miserum septena quotannis&quot;. item &quot;toruumque repente clamat&quot; pro torue. et est figura, quae fit quotiens nomen pro aduerbio ponitur; magis autem poetica est, in prosa aut rara aut numquam. tamen hoc loco 'infandum' potest esse etiam interiectio dolentis. {{sc|'''vnivs'''}} hic produxit paenultimam. {{sc|'''vnivs'''}} cautius, quam si dixisset Iunonis. 

{{ancora+|252|[[Aeneis/Liber I#252|252.]]}} {{sc|'''prodimvr'''}} multa quidem hic sermo significat, sed modo porro damur, scilicet ab Italia. et sciendum est omnium auctorum esse consuetudinem res dubie positas in sequentibus explanare et plenius dicere, ut hoc loco; nam quid est 'prodimur', ostendit dicens 'atque Italis longe disiungimur oris'. {{sc|'''longe'''}} maxime; non enim longe erant ab Italia, cum tempestate disiecti sunt. 

{{ancora+|253|[[Aeneis/Liber I#253|253.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} id est talis, ut &quot;hunc ego te Euryale aspicio&quot;, id est talem. {{sc|'''pietatis'''}} superius 'in te committere' ait, ut peccato Aeneam et Troianos excuset; hic plus addit: non solum eos non esse malos, sed etiam pios esse. {{sc|'''honos'''}} cum secundum artem dicamus honor arbor lepor, plerumque poetae r in s mutant causa metri; os enim longa est, or breuis. hoc quidem habet ratio: sed ecce in hoc loco etiam sine metri necessitate 'honos' dixit. item Sallustius paene ubique 'labos' posuit, quem nulla necessitas coegit. melius tamen est seruire regulae. SIC NOS IN SCEPTRA REPONIS 'sic', hoc est per naufragia. 'in sceptra' aut ad imperia reseruas, aut certe antiqua est licentia communium praepositionum. {{sc|'''in sceptra reponis'''}} id est restituis in regna quae amisimus. 

{{ancora+|254|[[Aeneis/Liber I#254|254.]]}} {{sc|'''olli'''}} modo 'tunc' propter sequentia. pronomen enim non debet poni cum nomine, sed pro ipso nomine, et nullus dicit 'illi natae'. alias tamen 'olli' illi significat, ut &quot;olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget somnus&quot;. {{sc|'''svbridens'''}} laetum ostendit Iouem et talem qualis esse solet cum facit serenum; poetarum enim est elementorum habitum dare numinibus, ut supra de Neptuno dictum est. Ennius &quot;Iuppiter hic risit tempestatesque serenae riserunt omnes risu Iouis omnipotentis&quot;. aut certe risit intellegens Iunonis dolos oblique accusari a Venere, ut est 'quae te, genitor, sententia uertit' et 'unius ob iram prodimur', sicut alibi &quot;atque dolis risit Cytherea repertis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|255|[[Aeneis/Liber I#255|255.]]}} {{sc|'''vvltv qvo caelvm'''}}  ostendit sicut dictum est, cur subriserit Iuppiter. {{sc|'''serenat'''}} hoc uerbum de his est, quae carent prima positione: quod fit in his quae in nostra non sunt potestate, ut tono, fulmino, pluo. haec enim non possumus dicere, nisi forte persona inducatur eius qui potest, ut si tale aliquid Iuppiter dicat. 

{{ancora+|256|[[Aeneis/Liber I#256|256.]]}} {{sc|'''oscvla libavit'''}}  leuiter tetigit. et sciendum osculum religionis esse, sauium uoluptatis, quamuis quidam osculum filiis dari, uxori basium, scorto sauium dicant. sane multi nolunt ita intellegi, ut summum osculum filiae dederit, id est non pressum, sed summa labella contingens, sed ita aiunt: tum hilarus Iuppiter uultus natae libauit, id est contigit, scilicet ut nos solemus cum blandimentis quibusdam sinistram maxillam contingere liberorum ac deinde ad os nostrum dextram referre. ergo 'libauit' merito, quia partem uultus, non totos contigerat, ut 'oscula' dixerit quasi minora et teneriora filiae ora, ut ora diminutiue oscula; nam ora uultus dici, ut &quot;intentique ora tenebant&quot; et &quot;sic ora ferebat&quot;. ipse diminutiue oscula dixit minores et teneros uultus &quot;summaque per galeam delibans oscula fatur&quot;. 

{{ancora+|257|[[Aeneis/Liber I#257|257.]]}} {{sc|'''parce metv'''}}  quotiens in causis arguimur, ante nos purgare debemus et sic ad actionem descendere: quod et hoc loco Iuppiter facit; ante enim obiecta purgat et sic uenit ad promissionem. et est 'parce metu' elocutio usualis, id est dimitte metum, quomodo dicimus parce uerbis, parce iniuriis. alii 'metu' pro metui accipiunt, ablatiuum pro datiuo; aut certe ideo metum aufert, ut animo securiore possit audire, ut alibi &quot;soluite corde metum, Teucri&quot;. {{sc|'''cytherea'''}} omnia quae apud Graecos ei diphthongon habent apud Latinos in e productum conuertuntur, ut g-Kuthereia Cytherea, g-Aineias Aeneas, g-Mehdeia Medea. omnia autem quae dicit Iuppiter ad solutionem pertinent antedictorum. nunc dicit 'parce metu', quia superius dixerat 'tristior'; 'manent inmota', quia dixerat 'quae te genitor sententia uertit?' et simul per transitum dogma Stoicorum ostendit, nulla ratione posse fata mutari. sane seruat et hic ordinem sicut in Aeoli oratione, ut statim promittat quod praestaturus est, ne auditor sit exspectatione suspensus. {{sc|'''tvorvm'''}} uel Troianorum uel Romanorum. 

{{ancora+|258|[[Aeneis/Liber I#258|258.]]}} {{sc|'''fata tibi'''}}  non propter te; fati enim immobilis ratio est. sed aut uacat 'tibi', ut &quot;qui mihi accubantes in conuiuiis&quot;, aut certe tuta tibi sunt fata, non tamen propter te. {{sc|'''cernes vrbem'''}} aut Romam significat, quia cum proprietatem detrahimus, quod magnum est significamus, ut si dicas 'legi oratorem' nec addas quem, intellego Ciceronem; et ne longa sit exspectatio, adiecit 'et promissa Lauini moenia': aut certe detrahe 'et', sicut multi, et epexegesin facis 'cernes urbem', id est 'promissa Lauini moenia'. uidetur autem figurate dictum 'urbem' et 'moenia', quia diuersis idem significauit. 

{{ancora+|259|[[Aeneis/Liber I#259|259.]]}} {{sc|'''svblimemqve feres ad sidera caeli'''}}  propter illud 'caeli quibus adnuis arcem'. Aeneas enim secundum quosdam in Numicum cecidit fluuium, secundum Ouidium in caelum raptus est, appellatus tamen est Iuppiter indiges. Aeneas enim post errores VII. annorum cum ad Italiam peruenisset et, sicut historia habet, cognito quod Veneris filius, Troia profugus fatis iuuantibus ad Italiam uenisset, ab Latino susceptus esset, filiam eius Lauinam duxit uxorem: quo dolore Turnus rex Rutulorum, qui ante Lauiniam sperabat uxorem, et Latino et Aeneae bellum indixit. sed primo proelio Latinus est interemptus, secundo uero Aeneas Turnum occidit. ipse uero ut quidam dicunt cum Mezentium, ut quidam uero Messapum fugeret, in Numicum fluuium cecidit, ut uero Ouidius refert in caelum raptus est, cuius corpus cum uictis a se Rutulis et Mezentio Ascanius requisitum non inuenisset, in deorum numerum credidit relatum. itaque ei templum condidit et Iouem Indigetem appellauit. bene autem addidit 'feres', ut gratius esset quod per ipsam fieret. 


{{ancora+|260|[[Aeneis/Liber I#260|260.]]}} {{sc|'''magnanimvm'''}} magnus et paruus quoniam mensurae sunt, ad animum non nisi g-katachrehstikohs adhibentur. et bene hoc addidit, quasi dicat, quem tu miserum dicis, nos magnanimum, summum. NEQUE ME S- V- ad illud 'quae te, genitor, sententia uertit'. 

{{ancora+|261|[[Aeneis/Liber I#261|261.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} id est Aeneas. et est ordo 'hic bellum ingens geret Italia'. alii 'hic' pro 'post haec quae dixi' accipiunt, ut sit loci aduerbium pro temporis. {{sc|'''tibi fabor enim'''}} hoc loco excusat quaestionem futuram, quasi Veneri dolenti quae uera sunt dicat, sed aliter loquatur cunctis praesentibus dis: dicet enim in decimo &quot;abnueram bello Italiam concurrere Teucris&quot;. {{sc|'''qvando'''}} siquidem, quoniam. {{sc|'''remordet'''}} sollicitat. Terentius &quot;par pari referto, quod eam remordeat&quot;. 

{{ancora+|262|[[Aeneis/Liber I#262|262.]]}} {{sc|'''arcana'''}} secreta. unde et arca et arx dictae, quasi res secretae. 

{{ancora+|263|[[Aeneis/Liber I#263|263.]]}} {{sc|'''italia'''}} in Italia, et detraxit praepositionem more suo. sic et illo loco &quot;non Libyae, non ante Tyro; despectus Hiarbas&quot; id est in Tyro. nam si aduerbialiter uellet, Tyri diceret. {{sc|'''popvlosqve feroces contvndet'''}} incongruum fuerat in consolatione bella praedicere: ob hoc ergo etiam uictoriam pollicetur. 

{{ancora+|264|[[Aeneis/Liber I#264|264.]]}} {{sc|'''moresqve viris et moenia ponet'''}}  hysteroproteron in sensu; ante enim ciuitas, post iura conduntur. leges autem etiam mores dici non dubium est. 

{{ancora+|265|[[Aeneis/Liber I#265|265.]]}} {{sc|'''tertia dvm latio regnantem viderit aestas'''}}  rhetorice, ne breue esset si triennium diceret, tempora diuisit in species. ordo autem est longissimus, nam aliter non procedit, 'sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli magnanimum Aeneam, tertia dum Latio regnantem uiderit aestas'. ergo uidetur sic tacite mortem Aeneae significasse. 'dum' autem pro donec, ut &quot;dum conderet urbem&quot;, id est donec. quidam ideo bis annos ternos memorasse tradunt, ut tres annos solum Aeneam regnaturum significaret, quod cum Latino alios tres annos regnasse dicitur. 

{{ancora+|267|[[Aeneis/Liber I#267|267.]]}} {{sc|'''at pver ascanivs'''}}  prudenter exitum Aeneae et ostendit et tacuit dicendo filium postea regnaturum. aut quia maior cura Veneri de nepote ut in X- &quot;liceat superesse nepotem&quot; et iterum ibi &quot;hunc tegere&quot;. {{sc|'''cvi nvnc cognomen ivlo additvr'''}} secundum Catonem historiae hoc habet fides: Aeneam cum patre ad Italiam uenisse et propter inuasos agros contra Latinum Turnumque pugnasse, in quo proelio periit Latinus. Turnum postea ad Mezentium confugisse eiusque fretum auxilio bella renouasse, quibus Aeneas Turnusque pariter rapti sunt. migrasse postea in Ascanium et Mezentium bella, sed eos singulari certamine dimicasse. et occiso Mezentio Ascanium sicut I. Caesar scribit Iulum coeptum uocari, uel quasi iobolon, id est sagittandi peritum, uel a prima barbae lanugine quam g-ioulon Graeci dicunt, quae ei tempore uictoriae nascebatur. sciendum est autem hunc primo Ascanium dictum a Phrygiae flumine Ascanio, ut est &quot;transque sonantem Ascanium&quot;; deinde Ilum dictum a rege Ilo, unde et Ilium, postea Iulum occiso Mezentio: de quibus nominibus hoc loco dicit 'at puer Ascanius cui nunc cognomen Iulo additur, Ilus erat'. ab hac autem historia ita discedit Vergilius, ut aliquibus locis ostendat, non se per ignorantiam, sed per artem poeticam hoc fecisse, ut illo loco &quot;quo magis Italia mecum laetere reperta&quot;: ecce g-amphibolikohs dixit, ostendit tamen Anchisen ad Italiam peruenisse. sic autem omnia contra hanc historiam ficta sunt, ut illud ubi dicitur Aeneas uidisse Carthaginem, cum eam constet ante {{sc|'''lxx'''}} annos urbis Romae conditam. inter excidium uero Troiae et ortum urbis Romae anni inueniuntur CCCXL. {{sc|'''cognomen ivlo'''}} si proprie loqueretur, agnomen diceret, non cognomen, sed magis ad familiam respexit, quia omnis gens Iulia inde originem ducit. dicimus autem et nomen mihi est Cicero, ut &quot;Hecyra est huic nomen fabulae&quot;, et Ciceronis, ut Sallustius &quot;cui nomen obliuionis condiderant&quot;, et Ciceroni, ut &quot;cui Remulo cognomen erat&quot;, et Ciceronem, ut &quot;Aeneadasque meo nomen de nomine fingo&quot;. melius tamen est datiuo uti. 

{{ancora+|268|[[Aeneis/Liber I#268|268.]]}} {{sc|'''ilvs erat'''}}  deest 'qui', debuit autem dicere 'qui Ilus erat'. {{sc|'''ilia'''}} pro Iliensis, ut Plautus &quot;Hector Ilius&quot; pro Iliensis. et &quot;Amphitryo, natus Argis ex Argo patre&quot; id est Argiuo. 

{{ancora+|269|[[Aeneis/Liber I#269|269.]]}} {{sc|'''triginta'''}} uel quod XXX- tantum annos regnauit, uel quod Cato ait, &quot;XXX- annis expletis eum Albam condidisse&quot;. {{sc|'''magnos orbes'''}} tria sunt genera annorum: aut enim lunaris annus est XXX- dierum, aut solstitialis XII- mensum, aut secundum Tullium magnus, qui tenet XIIDCCCCLIIII. annos, ut in Hortensio &quot;horum annorum quos in fastis habemus magnus XIIDCCCCLIIII- amplectitur&quot;. hoc ergo loco magnum dixit comparatione lunaris, et alibi &quot;interea magnum sol circumuoluitur annum&quot;. annus autem dictus quasi anus, id est anulus, quod in se redeat, ut est &quot;atque in se sua per uestigia uoluitur annus&quot;, uel g-apo g-tou g-ananeousthai, id est ab innouatione. {{sc|'''volvendis'''}} uolubilibus uel quia uoluuntur, ut supra. 


{{ancora+|270|[[Aeneis/Liber I#270|270.]]}} {{sc|'''a sede lavini transferet'''}}  uerum est: uitans enim nouercalem inuidiam, quod timore Ascanii Lauinia post Aeneae mortem ad Tyrrhum paternum pastorem grauida confugit ad siluas, nam ibi etiam Siluium peperisse dicitur, deseruit Lauinium et Albam Longam condidit dictam ab omine albae porcae repertae uel situ ciuitatis. ad quam cum de Lauinio dii Penates translati nocte proxima Lauinium redissent, atque eos denuo Albam Ascanius transtulisset, et illi iterum redissent Lauinium, eos manere passus est, datis qui sacris praeessent agroque eis adsignato, quo se alerent. {{sc|'''vi'''}} modo uirtute, nam multa significat. {{sc|'''vi'''}} modo uirtute tei dunamei, alibi tei biai, ut est &quot;auro ui potitur&quot;, alias pro magna copia. Cicero in deorum natura &quot;infinitamque uim marmoris&quot;, Sallustius &quot;magna uis hominum conuenerat agris pulsa aut ciuitate eiecta&quot;. et est sermo diuersa significans, prout se locus obtulerit. 

{{ancora+|272|[[Aeneis/Liber I#272|272.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc iam'''}}  praeterea. si autem 'hic iam', in hoc scilicet loco. {{sc|'''ter centvm'''}} quomodo trecentos annos dicit, cum eam quadringentis regnasse constet sub Albanis regibus? sed cum praescriptione ait 'tercentum', scilicet usque ad ortum urbis Romae; ait namque 'donec regina sacerdos Marte grauis'. et constat in regno Romuli et Numae et Tulli Hostilii qui euertit Albam centum annos, quibus pariter Roma et Alba regnarunt, esse consumptos. {{sc|'''totos'''}} id est sine intermissione. {{sc|'''regnabitvr'''}} impersonalibus usus est, quia de multis dicit, ut &quot;usque adeo turbatur agris&quot;. 

{{ancora+|273|[[Aeneis/Liber I#273|273.]]}} {{sc|'''gente svb hectorea'''}}  id est Troiana. sed debuit dicere 'Aeneia'. diximus superius nomina poetas ex uicino usurpare. sed quidam reprehendunt, quod 'Hectorea' et non 'Aeneia'. mos est poetis nomina ex uicinis usurpare, quia coniunctus genere Hectori Ascanius, ut est &quot;et pater Aeneas, et auunculus excitat Hector&quot;. alii tradunt, cum Hectoris progenies nulla in Italia fuerit, ideo 'sub Hectorea' positum, ut significaret sub forti, ut in quinto &quot;Hectorei socii&quot;. sed ex aliis rebus alia dat nomina, ut pios Aeneadas appellauit, ut timidos Phrygas, ut nobiles Dardanidas, ut periuros Laomedontiadas. ceterum ubi ueram originem significat &quot;domus Assaraci&quot; ponit, ex quo Capys, ex Capy Anchises, ex Anchise Aeneas. {{sc|'''donec regina sacerdos'''}} historia hoc habet. Amulius et Numitor fratres fuerunt. Amulius fratrem imperio pepulit et filium eius necauit, filiam uero Iliam Vestae sacerdotem fecit, ut spem subolis auferret, a qua se puniri posse cognouerat. hanc ut multi dicunt Mars compressit, unde nati sunt Remus et Romus, quos cum matre Amulius praecipitari iussit in Tiberim. tum ut quidam dicunt Iliam sibi Anien fecit uxorem, ut alii inter quos Horatius, Tiberis: unde ait &quot;uxorius amnis&quot;. pueri uero expositi ad uicinam ripam sunt. hos Faustus repperit pastor, cuius uxor erat nuper meretrix Acca Larentia, quae susceptos aluit pueros. hi postea auum suum Numitorem occiso Amulio in regna reuocarunt. quibus dum cum eo angustum Albae uideretur imperium, recesserunt et captatis auguriis urbem condiderunt. sed Remus prior sex uultures uidit, Romus postea duodecim: quae res bellum creauit. in quo extinctus est Remus, et a Romi nomine Romani appellati. ut autem pro Romo Romulus diceretur, blandimenti genere factum est, quod gaudet diminutione. quod autem a lupa dicuntur alti, fabulosum figmentum est ad celandam auctorum Romani generis turpitudinem. nec incongrue fictum est; nam et meretrices lupas uocamus, unde et lupanaria. et constat hoc animal in tutela esse Martis. sed de origine et conditore urbis diuersa a diuersis traduntur. Clinias refert Telemachi filiam Romen nomine Aeneae nuptam fuisse, ex cuius uocabulo Romam appellatam. - - dicit Latinum ex Vlixe et Circe editum de nomine sororis suae mortuae Romen ciuitatem appellasse. Ateius adserit Romam ante aduentum Euandri diu Valentiam uocitatam, sed post graeco nomine g-Romen uocitatam. alii a filia Euandri ita dictam, alii a fatidica, quae praedixisset Euandro his eum locis oportere considere. Heraclides ait Romen, nobilem captiuam Troianam huc appulisse et taedio maris suasisse sedem, ex cuius nomine urbem uocatam. Eratosthenes Ascanii, Aeneae filii, Romulum parentem urbis refert. Naeuius et Ennius Aeneae ex filia nepotem Romulum conditorem urbis tradunt. Sibylla ita dicit g-Rhomaioi, g-Rhomou g-paides. {{sc|'''regina'''}} regis filia. abusiue ait more poetico, ut alibi &quot;magnum reginae sed enim miseratus amorem&quot;, id est regis filiae Pasiphaes. {{sc|'''sacerdos'''}} quia ab Amulio Vestae uirgo esse iussa est, ne ei propter edendam subolem facultas esset uiro iungi. 

{{ancora+|274|[[Aeneis/Liber I#274|274.]]}} {{sc|'''marte gravis'''}}  grauida, ut &quot;non insueta grauis temptabunt pabula fetas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|275|[[Aeneis/Liber I#275|275.]]}} {{sc|'''inde'''}} post, uel deinde, uel tunc, aduerbium loci pro temporis. {{sc|'''fvlvo tegmine'''}} id est pelle lupae, qua utebatur more pastorum. sed hoc multi reprehendunt, cur nutricis tegmine usus sit. qui gemina ratione refutantur: uel falsitate fabulae, uel exemplo Iouis, qui caprae nutricis utitur pelle, unde Graece g-aigiochos appellatur. sane 'tegmine' multi antique dictum asserunt, quia tegimentum dici debere affirmant. {{sc|'''laetvs'''}} uirtute alacer, uel quia auo regnum reddiderat, uel quia ipse nouam urbem et nouum condebat imperium. 

{{ancora+|276|[[Aeneis/Liber I#276|276.]]}} {{sc|'''excipiet gentem'''}}  Remo scilicet interempto, post cuius mortem natam constat pestilentiam: unde consulta oracula dixerunt placandos esse manes fratris extincti; ob quam rem sella curulis cum sceptro et corona et ceteris regni insignibus semper iuxta sancientem aliquid Romulum ponebatur, ut pariter imperare uiderentur. unde est &quot;Remo cum fratre Quirinus iura dabunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|277|[[Aeneis/Liber I#277|277.]]}} {{sc|'''romanosqve svo de nomine dicet'''}}  perite non ait Romam, sed Romanos. urbis enim illius uerum nomen nemo uel in sacris enuntiat. denique tribunus plebei quidam Valerius Soranus, ut ait Varro et multi alii, hoc nomen ausus enuntiare, ut quidam dicunt raptus a senatu et in crucem leuatus est, ut alii, metu supplicii fugit et in Sicilia comprehensus a praetore praecepto senatus occisus est. hoc autem urbis nomen ne Hyginus quidem cum de situ urbis loqueretur expressit. 

{{ancora+|278|[[Aeneis/Liber I#278|278.]]}} {{sc|'''nec metas rervm nec tempora pono'''}}  'metas' ad terras rettulit, 'tempora' ad annos; Lauinio enim et Albae finem statuit, Romanis tribuit aeternitatem, quia subiunxit 'imperium sine fine dedi'. 

{{ancora+|279|[[Aeneis/Liber I#279|279.]]}} {{sc|'''qvin'''}} quinetiam; minus enim est 'etiam'. nam plenum est quinetiam, ut &quot;quinetiam hiberno moliris sidere classem&quot;. {{sc|'''aspera ivno'''}} tolerabilius hoc Iuppiter dicit. {{sc|'''aspera ivno'''}} uel quam tu asperam dicis, uel certe ut et ego fateor. 


{{ancora+|280|[[Aeneis/Liber I#280|280.]]}} {{sc|'''metv'''}} ut supra &quot;id metuens&quot;. {{sc|'''terras caelvmqve fatigat'''}} alibi &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires caelique marisque&quot;. QUAE MARE N- T- Q- M- C- Q- F- metu scilicet quem de Carthagine habet, ut supra &quot;id metuens&quot;, uel metu quo Troianos terret et Venerem. nam dicit 'parce metu Cytherea'. 'mare' autem 't- c- q- f-' alibi ostendit dicendo &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires caelique marisque&quot;. 'fatigat' uero pro exercet, sollicitat, commouet. 

{{ancora+|281|[[Aeneis/Liber I#281|281.]]}} {{sc|'''consilia in melivs referet'''}}  quia bello Punico secundo ut ait Ennius placata Iuno coepit fauere Romanis. {{sc|'''in melivs'''}} eis to kreitton. et est Latinior elocutio: Sallustius &quot;ad mutandum modo in melius seruitium&quot;. {{sc|'''mecvmqve fovebit'''}} id est eadem quae ego sentiens, eadem quae ego uolens, uel ut quidam uolunt mecum in Capitolio constituta. 

{{ancora+|282|[[Aeneis/Liber I#282|282.]]}} {{sc|'''gentemqve togatam'''}}  bene 'gentem', quia et sexus omnis et condicio toga utebatur, sed serui nec colobia nec calceos habebant. togas autem etiam feminas habuisse, cycladum et recini usus ostendit. recinus autem dicitur ab eo, quod post tergum reicitur, quod uulgo maforte dicunt. 

{{ancora+|283|[[Aeneis/Liber I#283|283.]]}} {{sc|'''sic placitvm'''}}  uel fatis uel mihi; nam inpersonale est. {{sc|'''lvstris'''}} quinquenniis. et bene olympiadibus computat tempora, quod magis ad Iouem pertinet, quia nondum erant uel Roma uel consules. lustrum autem dictum, quod post quinquennium unaquaeque ciuitas lustrabatur. unde Romae ambilustrum, quod non licebat nisi ambos censores post quinquennium lustrare ciuitatem. {{sc|'''aetas'''}} iuxta ueteres aetas hic pro tempore posita est, alibi pro modo annorum, ut est &quot;ubi iam firmata uirum te fecerit aetas&quot; et &quot;aetas Lucinam iustosque pati hymenaeos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|284|[[Aeneis/Liber I#284|284.]]}} {{sc|'''domvs assaraci'''}}  id est familia Troiana, et est a parte totum; nam Assaracus Capyn genuit, Capys Anchisen, unde Aeneas, auctor Romani generis: ex quibus Mummius, qui Achaiam uicit. {{sc|'''pthiam'''}} achillis patriam. {{sc|'''mycenas'''}} agamemnonis patriam, ut &quot;Agamemnoniasque Mycenas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|286|[[Aeneis/Liber I#286|286.]]}} {{sc|'''nascetvr'''}} ad illud respondet 'certe hinc Romanos olim' et omnis poetae intentio, ut in qualitate carminis diximus, ad laudem tendit Augusti, sicut et in sexti catalogo et in clipei descriptione. haec autem Iouis allocutio partim obiecta purgat partim aliquid pollicetur. {{sc|'''pvlchra'''}} allusit propter Venerem. {{sc|'''troianvs'''}} ac si diceret, etiam Caesar Troianus est. {{sc|'''caesar'''}} hic est, qui dictus est Gaius Iulius Caesar. Gaius praenomen est, Iulius ab Iulo, Caesar uel quod caeso matris uentre natus est, uel quod auus eius in Africa manu propria occidit elephantem, qui caesa dicitur lingua Poenorum. hic sane Gaius Iulius Caesar quattuor et sexaginta uictis Galliarum ciuitatibus cum a senatu petisset consulatum et triumphum nec impetrasset aduersante Cn. Pompeio magno eiusque amicis, qui Caesaris processibus inuidebant, bellum ciuile gessit in Farsalia, quo Pompeius uictus Alexandriae occiditur. Caesar Romam compositis rebus et Alexandria debellata reuersus in curia Pompeiana a Cassio et Bruto aliisque Pompeianis occisus est. cuius heres Augustus cum intrasset urbem coegit a senatu interfectores Caesaris parricidas et hostes iudicari, eumque in deorum numerum referri et diuum appellari. 

{{ancora+|287|[[Aeneis/Liber I#287|287.]]}} {{sc|'''imperivm oceano'''}} , {{sc|'''famam qvi terminet astris'''}} aut ad laudem dictum est, aut certe secundum historiam. re uera enim et Britannos qui in oceano sunt uicit, et post mortem eius cum ludi funebres ab Augusto eius adoptiuo filio darentur, stella medio die uisa est, unde est &quot;ecce Dionaei processit Caesaris astrum&quot;. {{sc|'''a magno'''}} sicut Alexander, sicut Pompeius. Graeci enim omne magnificum magnum, ut mater magna et dii magni. 

{{ancora+|288|[[Aeneis/Liber I#288|288.]]}} {{sc|'''olim'''}} modo futuri temporis est. {{sc|'''caelo'''}} in caelum. {{sc|'''spoliis orientis'''}} uicto Pharnace Mithridatis filio, qui re uera in oriente fuit. ceterum Aegyptus, in qua Ptolomaeum uicit, in australi est plaga. 

{{ancora+|289|[[Aeneis/Liber I#289|289.]]}} {{sc|'''honvstvm'''}} inter honustum et oneratum hoc interest, quod oneratus est qualicumque pressus pondere, honustus uero cui onus ipsum honori est, ut si quis spolia hostium ferat. sed oneratus aspirationem non habet, quia ab onere uenit, honustus uero, quia etiam ab honore descendit, retinet aspirationem. alii 'honestum' legunt; ueteres enim honestum pro specioso ponebant, ut &quot;Dardanius caput ecce puer detectus honestum&quot;. 


{{ancora+|290|[[Aeneis/Liber I#290|290.]]}} {{sc|'''accipies secvra'''}}  quia post mortem Caesar meruit aram, fastigium, flaminem, ut Cicero in Philippicis. {{sc|'''secvra'''}} quare 'secura'? quia nunc sollicita. {{sc|'''hic qvoqve'''}} potest intellegi sicut Romulus, sed melius sicut Aeneas, de quo superius ait 'sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli'. 'quoque' autem semper ad similitudinem ponit, ut &quot;tu quoque litoribus nostris&quot;. {{sc|'''hic qvoqve'''}} sicut ego, sicut tu. {{sc|'''votis'''}} uel ad uota uel uotis uocabitur. 

{{ancora+|291|[[Aeneis/Liber I#291|291.]]}} {{sc|'''aspera tvnc'''}}  id est Caesare consecrato cum Augustus regnare coeperit, clauso Iani templo, pax erit per orbem. constat autem templum hoc ter esse clausum: primum regnante Numa, item post bellum Punicum secundum, tertio post bella Actiaca quae confecit Augustus: quo tempore pax quidem fuit quantum ad exteras pertinet gentes, sed bella flagrauere ciuilia, quod et ipse per transitum tangit dicens 'Furor impius intus'. huius autem aperiendi uel claudendi templi ratio uaria est. alii dicunt Romulo contra Sabinos pugnante, cum in eo esset ut uinceretur, calidam aquam ex eodem loco erupisse, quae fugauit exercitum Sabinorum: hinc ergo tractum morem, ut pugnaturi aperirent templum, quod in eo loco fuerat constitutum, quasi ad spem pristini auxilii. alii dicunt Tatium et Romulum facto foedere hoc templum aedificasse, unde et Ianus ipse duas facies habet, quasi ut ostendat duorum regum coitionem. uel quod ad bellum ituri debent de pace cogitare. est alia melior ratio, quod ad proelium ituri optent reuersionem. 

{{ancora+|292|[[Aeneis/Liber I#292|292.]]}} {{sc|'''cana fides et vesta'''}}  subaudis 'erit'. canam autem Fidem dixit, uel quod in canis hominibus inuenitur, uel quod ei albo panno inuoluta manu sacrificatur, per quod ostenditur fidem debere esse secretam: unde et Horatius &quot;et albo rara Fides colit uelata panno&quot;. Vesta uero pro religione, quia nullum sacrificium sine igne est, unde et ipsa et Ianus in omnibus sacrificiis inuocantur. Vesta autem dicta uel g-apo g-tehs g-hestias, ut digammos sit adiecta, sicut g-ehr uer, g-Enetos Venetus, uel quod uariis uestita sit rebus. ipsa enim esse dicitur terra, quam ignem habere non dubium est, ut ex Aetna Vulcanoque et aliis locis ardentibus datur intellegi. {{sc|'''remo cvm fratre qvirinvs ivra dabvnt'''}} hic dissimulat de parricidio, quod et iungit eos, et quia non Romulum, sed Quirinum appellat, ut non potuerit parricidium facere qui meruerit deus fieri. {{sc|'''remo cvm fratre qvirinvs ivra dabvnt'''}} multi sic intellegere uolunt ut superius diximus, quia post pestilentiam ad placandos fratris manes geminis omnibus usus est Romulus: unde est &quot;uiden ut geminae stent uertice cristae?&quot; sed hoc esse non potest, quia iteratio est ante dictorum aut ordo praeposterus, si post dictum Caesarem Romulum repetit. constat praeterea Iani templum patuisse sub Romulo, quia bellis numquam uacauit. alii uolunt per hos Romanos intellegi. uera tamen hoc habet ratio, Quirinum Augustum esse, Remum uero pro Agrippa positum, qui filiam Augusti duxit uxorem, et cum eo pariter bella tractauit: unde est &quot;parte alia dis et uentis Agrippa secundis&quot;. nam adulans populus Romanus Octauiano tria obtulit nomina, utrum uellet Quirinus, an Caesar, an Augustus uocari. ille ne unum eligendo partem laederet quae aliud offerre cupiebat, diuerso tempore omnibus usus est, et primo Quirinus dictus est, inde Caesar, postea quod et obtinuit Augustus, sicut Suetonius probat et in georgicis ostendit Vergilius. nam cum de Gangaridum uictoria diceret, qui iuxta Gangen sunt quique ab Augusto uicti sunt, ait &quot;uictorisque arma Quirini&quot;. ut autem pro Agrippa Remum poneret, poetico usus est more; nam nomen ex uicino sumpsit. hoc ergo dicit, cum coeperit Iulius Caesar caelum tenere patratis omnibus bellis, iura dabunt Augustus et Agrippa. Romulus autem ideo Quirinus dictus est, uel quod hasta utebatur, quae Sabinorum lingua curis dicitur: hasta enim, id est curis, telum longum est, unde et securis quasi semicuris: uel a g-koiranos qui Graece rex dicitur: constat autem Graecos fuisse Romanos: uel propter generis nobilitatem; Mars enim cum saeuit Gradiuus dicitur, cum tranquillus est Quirinus. denique in urbe duo eius templa sunt: unum Quirini intra urbem, quasi custodis et tranquilli, aliud in Appia uia extra urbem prope portam, quasi bellatoris, id est Gradiui. 

{{ancora+|293|[[Aeneis/Liber I#293|293.]]}} {{sc|'''dirae'''}} cum apertae sunt. {{sc|'''dirae'''}} hoc est abominandae, alias 'dirae' magnae &quot;an sua cuique deus fit dira cupido&quot; et &quot;iam tum religio pauidos terrebat agrestes dira loci&quot; et &quot;dicuntur geminae pestes cognomine Dirae&quot;. {{sc|'''compagibvs'''}} ambages et compages antiqui tantum dicebant, posteritas admisit ut etiam compago dicatur: sed non quia uarius esse potest nominatiuus, debet etiam declinatio mutari, quemadmodum nec in istis nominibus arbor arbos, uomer uomis; nam et uomeris et arboris tantum facit. ergo compages compagis, quoniam compago usurpatum est; compaginis enim nemo penitus dicit. 

{{ancora+|294|[[Aeneis/Liber I#294|294.]]}} {{sc|'''belli portae'''}}  Iani gemini, quae bello aperiebantur, pace claudebantur. ideo autem Ianus belli tempore patefiebat, ut eiusdem conspectus per bellum pateret, in cuius potestate esset exitus reditusque; id enim ipsa significat eius effigies, praebentis se euntibus et redeuntibus ducem. hunc autem olim Numa Pompilius fecit, cuius portas regni tempore clausit. {{sc|'''fvror impivs intvs'''}} ut superius diximus propter bella ciuilia, quae gesta sunt contra Brutum et Cassium ab Augusto in Philippis, contra Sextum Pompeium ab Augusto in Sicilia. aut sicut quidam tradunt {{sc|'''fvror impivs intvs'''}} non in aede Iani, sed in alia in foro Augusti introeuntibus ad sinistram, fuit bellum pictum et furor sedens super arma deuinctus eo habitu quo poeta dixit. 

{{ancora+|295|[[Aeneis/Liber I#295|295.]]}} {{sc|'''saeva sedens svper arma'''}}  secundum antiquam licentiam. sciendum tamen est hodie 'in' et 'sub' tantum communes esse praepositiones. ceterum 'super' et 'subter' iam accusatiuae sunt, sicut 'clam' et 'post', quae ante communes fuerunt: nunc in his mutata natura est. ergo {{sc|'''svper'''}} pro supra. et nunc haec praepositio accusatiuo seruit, ubi uero 'de' significat, ablatiuo. {{sc|'''aenis nodis'''}} non centum nodis, sed catenis, quas circumlocutione significauit, quia sunt catenae nodi plures. quidam 'aeneis' pro ferreis tradunt, ut &quot;micat aereus ensis&quot;: et &quot;aerea quem obliquum rota transit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|297|[[Aeneis/Liber I#297|297.]]}} {{sc|'''et maia genitvm'''}}  Mercurium. et est periphrasis. Cicero in libris de deorum natura plures dicit esse Mercurios: sed in deorum ratione fabulae sequendae sunt, nam ueritas ignoratur. simul allusit poeta, quia per caduceatores, id est internuntios, pax solet fieri. {{sc|'''maia genitvm demittit ab alto'''}} quod deo opus erat, ut hostes Poeni auctori Romani nominis placarentur Aeneae. quidam sane quattuor Mercurios dicunt: unum Iouis et Maiae filium, alterum Caeli et Diei, tertium Liberi et Proserpinae, quartum Iouis et Cyllenes, a quo Argus occisus est, quem ipsum ob hanc causam Graecia profugum Aegyptiis litteras demonstrasse perhibent. 

{{ancora+|298|[[Aeneis/Liber I#298|298.]]}} {{sc|'''vt terrae'''}}  propter illud quod sequitur &quot;hospitio prohibemur harenae&quot;. {{sc|'''pateant'''}} propter illud &quot;cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis&quot;. non nulli sane 'pateant' pacatae sint accipiunt, ut Sallustius &quot;simul immanis hominum uis multis e locis inuasere patentes tum et pacis modo effusas&quot;; hic enim habitus pacis. et in Catilina &quot;cuncta maria terraeque patebant&quot;. sic enim contra cum dicitur 'clausa omnia' bellum significatur, ut ipse &quot;quae moenia clausis ferrum acuant portis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|299|[[Aeneis/Liber I#299|299.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitio'''}} ad hospitium. {{sc|'''ne fati nescia dido'''}} non sui: nam si sciret exitum suum, multo magis uetaret: sed 'fati' dixit uoluntatis Iouis, sicut &quot;fatis Iunonis iniquae&quot;. aut certe fati Troianorum, qui non sponte, sed necessitate ad Africam uenerant, quod utique ignorabat Dido. illo enim tempore inuadendarum terrarum causa fuerat nauigatio, ut Sallustius meminit, facili tum mutatione sedum: quod etiam excusant Troiani &quot;non nos aut ferro Libycos populare penates uenimus&quot;. ergo hoc agitur, ut discat Dido eos ad Italiam tendere. quomodo ergo se iungit Aeneae? sed furoris illud est, non consilii. nam nec sacerdotibus haec dicentibus credidit. unde est &quot;quid uota furentem, quid delubra iuuant?&quot; 


{{ancora+|300|[[Aeneis/Liber I#300|300.]]}} {{sc|'''volat ille per aera'''}}  similis hic festinatio Mercurii est, ut supra Neptuni. in quarto et &quot;talaria nectit&quot; et &quot;uirgam capit&quot; et plus moratur. 

{{ancora+|301|[[Aeneis/Liber I#301|301.]]}} {{sc|'''remigio alarvm'''}}  translatio reciproca, ut supra diximus; nam alibi &quot;uelorum pandimus alas&quot;. {{sc|'''citvs'''}} pro cito, aduerbium temporis in nomen deflexum. et bene hoc de Mercurio; cum enim alia signa tarde ad ortus suos recurrant, Mercurius octauo decimo die in ortu suo inuenitur. {{sc|'''poeni'''}} antistoichon est quasi phoeni. 

{{ancora+|303|[[Aeneis/Liber I#303|303.]]}} {{sc|'''volente deo'''}}  Mercurio uel Ioue. {{sc|'''in primis'''}} praecipue. 

{{ancora+|304|[[Aeneis/Liber I#304|304.]]}} {{sc|'''in tevcros'''}}  pro Teucris, ut diximus. alibi 'in Teucros' aduersum Teucros, ut &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires&quot;. 

{{ancora+|305|[[Aeneis/Liber I#305|305.]]}} {{sc|'''at pivs aeneas'''}}  filium Aeneas sacrorum omnium docetur, ex cuius persona latenter quae ad caeremonias ueteres pertinent saepe monstrantur. hic ergo deus apicis, quod insigne flaminum fuit, de quo loco suo in quarto libro dictum est. uult ostendere igitur, flamini extra medium pomerium post solis occasum apicem ponere non licere. Aeneas ergo hic ad Carthaginis litus adpulsus ostenditur sine apice fuisse, id est nudo capite. nam cum ait 'at pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima uoluens, ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque explorare nouos, quas uento accesserit oras, qui teneant, nam inculta uidet, hominesne feraene' manifeste longius ab urbe intellegitur; unde animaduertendum est extra pomerium fuisse, nam in subsequentibus ostenditur, eum extra pomerium fuisse, cum ait Venus &quot;et qua te ducit uia, dirige gressum&quot;. nam et augurium ei in finibus pomerii ostensum est. quod et ipsum Aeneam respondentem signatius declarat sine apice fuisse; timentem enim, ne piaculum incurreret, si cum solis occasum nudo capite, id est sine apice inueniretur, ita loquentem fecit &quot;et uacet annales nostrorum audire laborum, ante diem clauso componet Vesper Olympo&quot;; uerebatur enim solis occasum. nudo autem capite ibi fuisse ostenditur, ubi ait &quot;restitit Aeneas claraque in luce refulsit, os umerosque deo similis; namque ipsa decoram caesariem nato genetrix lumenque iuuentae purpureum et laetos oculis adflarat honores&quot;; neque enim caesariem dicere debuisset, nisi quia nudo capite incedebat Aeneas. sed haec Vergilio et his similia sufficiunt ad indicandum omnium disciplinarum scientiam narrantem aliud ponere, neque propositum habet talia plenius exsequi. {{sc|'''per noctem'''}} decet enim pro cunctis regem esse sollicitum. et bene 'per noctem', ne a sociis quos ipse consolatus erat uideretur per diem maerens. 

{{ancora+|306|[[Aeneis/Liber I#306|306.]]}} {{sc|'''alma'''}} alma lux dicta, quod alat uniuersa, unde et &quot;alma Ceres&quot;, quod nos alat; nam physici dicunt omnia per diem crescere. quomodo ergo Vergilius ait &quot;exigua tantum gelidus ros nocte reponet&quot;? sed hoc pro miraculo positum est, ut etiam Plinius sentit. {{sc|'''locos'''}} et locos et loca dicimus, cum in numero singulari locus tantum dicamus. simile est et iocus, nam et ioca facit et ioci, ut &quot;ioca atque seria cum humillimis exercere&quot; et &quot;quam multa ioca solent esse in epistolis&quot; et &quot;tum iuuenes agitare iocos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|307|[[Aeneis/Liber I#307|307.]]}} {{sc|'''qvas vento accesserit oras'''}}  diximus superius figuram fieri, cum praepositio detracta nomini uerbo copulatur, et plerumque eam suam retinere naturam plerumque conuertere. hoc igitur sciendum est, quia, cum casum suum retinet, hysterologia est, ut hoc loco; cum autem mutat, figura est, ut &quot;Cumarum adlabitur oris&quot;; 'oris' enim pro oras posuit. plerumque tamen etiam superfluas ponunt praepositiones. {{sc|'''qvas vento accesserit oras'''}} sine praepositione. Sallustius &quot;genua patrum aduoluuntur&quot;. 

{{ancora+|308|[[Aeneis/Liber I#308|308.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi teneant'''}}  iure dubitat, cum omnia cernat inculta. est autem ordo 'qui teneant, hominesne feraene'; media per parenthesin dicta sunt. {{sc|'''exacta'''}} exquisita. et ostendit prouidum regem per se curantem commoda sociorum. 


{{ancora+|310|[[Aeneis/Liber I#310|310.]]}} {{sc|'''in convexo nemorvm'''}}  prooeconomia est ad causam pertinens. non enim tenebitur ab Afris, ut Ilionei, et qui cum ipso superuenerant. 'conuexo' autem curuo, unde et conuexum dicitur caelum. sane subaudimus 'loco', ut alibi &quot;castrorum et campi medio&quot;, id est spatio. 'nemorum' autem modo siluarum. interest autem inter nemus et siluam et lucum; lucus enim est arborum multitudo cum religione, nemus uero composita multitudo arborum, silua diffusa et inculta. {{sc|'''svb rvpe cavata'''}} periphrasis est speluncae. 

{{ancora+|311|[[Aeneis/Liber I#311|311.]]}} {{sc|'''arboribvs atqve horrentibvs vmbris'''}}  umbris arborum, quo modo &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. aut certe arboribus et umbris speluncae. et bene ostendit omnia curuis adlata nauibus non quae uenerant cum Aenea. 'clausam' autem 'occulit' occulit et clausit. 

{{ancora+|312|[[Aeneis/Liber I#312|312.]]}} {{sc|'''comitatvs achate'''}}  bene ostendit Aeneam esse fortissimum nec quidquam timere dicendo 'uno graditur comitatus Achate'. et diximus quaeri, cur Achates Aeneae sit comes. uaria quidem dicuntur, melius tamen hoc fingitur, ut tractum nomen sit a Graeca etymologia. g-achos enim dicitur sollicitudo, quae regum semper est comes. 

{{ancora+|313|[[Aeneis/Liber I#313|313.]]}} {{sc|'''bina'''}} si ad utrumque referas, bene dixit 'bina', si ad Aeneam tantum, antiquus mos est, ut supra diximus, bina pro duobus poni, sicut et duplices. {{sc|'''lato ferro'''}} id est lati ferri, ut &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. 

{{ancora+|314|[[Aeneis/Liber I#314|314.]]}} {{sc|'''media sese tvlit obvia silva'''}}  quam Graeci g-hulen uocant poetae nominant siluam, id est elementorum congeriem, unde cuncta procreantur. et multi uolunt Aeneam in horoscopo Virginem, ibi etiam Venerem habuisse. bene ergo in media silua uirginis habitu ei Venerem poeta facit occurrere, quia ut supra diximus Venere in Virgine constituta et misericordes procreantur feminae et uiri per mulierem felices futuri, ut probamus in Aenea, quoniam misericordia Didonis seruatur. 

{{ancora+|315|[[Aeneis/Liber I#315|315.]]}} {{sc|'''virginis os habitvmqve gerens'''}}  uultum et amictum. habitus apud ueteres dicebatur tam corporis quam eorum quae praeter corpus sunt. et bene 'gerens', non 'habens', quod geri putantur aliena. 

{{ancora+|316|[[Aeneis/Liber I#316|316.]]}} {{sc|'''spartanae'''}} Lacaenae. Sparta enim ciuitas est Laconicae, ubi sunt puellae uenatrices. redditur autem causa, uirgo cur sit in siluis, scilicet propter uenatum. {{sc|'''threissa'''}} thracia. et est solutio; nam Thressa facit, sicut &quot;Cressa genus Pholoe&quot;. ueniunt autem ab eo quod est Threx et Cres. ut autem Creissa non faciat illud est, quia g-Krehssa per e simpliciter scribitur nec potest recipere solutionem, g-Thraissa uero per ai diphthongon, unde et resoluitur. {{sc|'''fatigat'''}} suo scilicet cursu. sane quidam 'fatigat' pro fatigauit accipiunt, praesens pro praeterito, sicut et 'praeuertitur' pro praeuersa est. 

{{ancora+|317|[[Aeneis/Liber I#317|317.]]}} {{sc|'''harpalyce'''}} haec est quae patrem senem captum a Getis multitudine collecta liberauit celerius, quam de femina potest credi: unde et flumina dicitur celeritate transisse. multum autem epitheton fluminis eius addidit laudi. {{sc|'''harpalyce'''}} quidam a patre Harpalyco, qui rex Amymoniorum Thraciae gentis fuit, ita nutritam dicunt, ut ipse Camillam a Metabo facit. haec patre propter ferociam a ciuibus pulso ac postea occiso, fugit in siluas et uenatibus latrociniisque uiuendo ita efferata est et huius uelocitatis et exercitii facta est, ut subito ad uicina stabula coacta inopia decurreret et rapto pecorum fetu insequentes etiam equites in celeritate uitaret. sed quodam tempore positis ad insidias ceruarum plagis capta et occisa est. cuius mortem nobilitauit eorum exitus, qui eam occiderunt; statim enim in uicinia orta contentio est, cuius fuisset haedus quem Harpalyce rapuerat, ita ut graui certamine non sine plurimis mortibus dimicaretur. postea consuetudo seruata est, ut ad tumulum uirginis populi conuenirent et propter expiationem per imaginem pugnae concurrerent. quidam hanc patrem a Getis, ut alii uolunt a Myrmidonibus captum collecta multitudine adserunt liberauisse celerius, quam de femina credi potest: unde et flumina dicitur celeritate transisse. {{sc|'''volvcrem hebrvm'''}} multum quidem laudis flumini epitheto addidit: sed falsum est; nam est quietissimus etiam cum per hiemem crescit. est autem in Thracia ante muros Cypselae ciuitatis, de locis superis Thraciae ueniens; dictus autem Hebrus ab Hebro Hemi et Rhodopes filio. {{sc|'''praevertitvr'''}} id est transit. dicimus autem et praeuertit et praeuertitur noua ratione. nam passiua declinatione utimur in actiua significatione, ut hoc loco; praeuertimur enim cum ipsi praeimus. cum autem actiua declinatio est passiuam habet significationem, ut 'ille me praeuertit'. alii 'praeuertitur' sic positum uolunt, ut &quot;bellantur Amazones&quot; pro praeuertit et bellant. 

{{ancora+|318|[[Aeneis/Liber I#318|318.]]}} {{sc|'''namqve vmeris de more'''}}  ut ostendatur esse uenatrix. de more uenantum scilicet. {{sc|'''habilem'''}} aptum sexui. unusquisque enim arcum habet pro uiribus suis. {{sc|'''venatrix'''}} similis uenatrici, id est quasi uenatrix, ut &quot;at medias inter caedes exultat Amazon&quot;. {{sc|'''comam diffvndere'''}} ut diffunderetur. Graeca autem figura est. sic alibi &quot;et argenti magnum dat ferre talentum&quot; et &quot;tu das epulis accumbere diuum&quot;: unde 'da bibere' usus obtinuit, quod facere non debemus, ne duo uerba iungamus, nisi in poemate. 


{{ancora+|320|[[Aeneis/Liber I#320|320.]]}} {{sc|'''nvda genv'''}}  nudum genu habens, ut si dicas 'bonus animum'. et est Graeca figura, sed non ea quam diximus fieri per participium praeteriti temporis et casum accusatiuum; haec enim per nomen fit: quamuis ad unam significationem recurrant. {{sc|'''sinvs collecta'''}} ut &quot;oculos suffusa&quot;. 

{{ancora+|321|[[Aeneis/Liber I#321|321.]]}} {{sc|'''ac prior'''}}  paulo post sequitur 'inquit'. {{sc|'''hevs'''}} nunc aduerbium uocantis est, alias interiectio dolentis, ut &quot;heus etiam mensas consumimus, inquit Iulus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|322|[[Aeneis/Liber I#322|322.]]}} {{sc|'''errantem'''}} inuestigantem, quia uenatores cum uestigant quasi uidentur errare. {{sc|'''sororvm'''}} non tamquam nota sit illis soror, sed ut est in consuetudine. 

{{ancora+|323|[[Aeneis/Liber I#323|323.]]}} {{sc|'''svccinctam'''}} instructam, uel ut alii dicunt in cingulo habentem pharetram, ut plerique. {{sc|'''macvlosae lyncis'''}} epitheta tribus modis ponuntur, aut laudandi aut demonstrandi aut uituperandi. hic 'maculosae' demonstrandi est. sane Lyncus rex Scythiae fuit, qui missum a Cerere Triptolemum, ut hominibus frumenta monstraret, susceptum hospitio, ut in se gloria tanta migraret, interimere cogitauit. ob quam rem irata Ceres eum conuertit in lyncem, feram uarii coloris, ut ipse uariae mentis extiterat. et erit nominatiuus haec lynx, ut Pan Tros, quae in genetiuo una syllaba crescunt. 

{{ancora+|324|[[Aeneis/Liber I#324|324.]]}} {{sc|'''spvmantis'''}} id est spumosi, participium loco nominis positum. {{sc|'''cvrsvm clamore prementem'''}} plerumque duo diuersa in unum exitum cadunt, licet contraria significent, ut hoc loco. 'uidistis' enim etiam ad uocem pertinet, quod etiam ex Aeneae responsione colligitur. {{sc|'''prementem'''}} insequentem, ut ipse alibi &quot;ingentem clamore premes ad retia ceruum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|325|[[Aeneis/Liber I#325|325.]]}} {{sc|'''orsvs'''}} nunc coepit, alias finiit, ut &quot;sic Iuppiter orsus&quot;. sed illic proprie posuit, hic usurpatum est; praeteritum enim est participium. 

{{ancora+|326|[[Aeneis/Liber I#326|326.]]}} {{sc|'''avdita neqve visa'''}}  hinc probatur quia superius haec interrogauerat Venus. sane quidam 'audita' ad illud responsum uolunt 'clamore prementem'; ⟨ut⟩ ad 'uidistis si quam' 'neque uisa' responderit. 

{{ancora+|327|[[Aeneis/Liber I#327|327.]]}} {{sc|'''o qvam te'''}}  quae dea sit dubitat, nam deam esse confidit. ergo hic o dubitatiua, alias optatiua. &quot;adsis, o Tegeaee, fauens&quot;. 

{{ancora+|328|[[Aeneis/Liber I#328|328.]]}} {{sc|'''vox hominem sonat'''}}  Graeca figura est. {{sc|'''o dea certe'''}} hic o distinguendum, ut post inferat 'dea certe' confirmans opinionem suam. et conclusio est syllogismi, qui constat ex propositione, adsumptione, conclusione. nam si nec uox nec uultus mortales sunt, restat ut dea sit. 

{{ancora+|329|[[Aeneis/Liber I#329|329.]]}} {{sc|'''an phoebi soror'''}}  Diana; nam uenatrix est. bene autem suspicatur pro loco et qualitate habitus personaeque. perite autem poeta dicendo 'an Phoebi soror' uidetur de nomine Apollinis dubitare. constat enim hunc deum a diuersis gentibus uel ciuitatibus diuersis nominibus appellari secundum genera beneficiorum, quae uario diuinitatis genere praestare consueuit. cui deo sagittas datas uolunt, quia ut uis morbi ita hoc telum sit occultum. hunc tamen deum et ad uberum custodiam et ad diuinationem et ad medicinam et ad res urbanas, quae placidae sunt, et ad bella pertinere longinqua: cui laurum ideo sacratam, quia haec arbor suffimentis purgationibusque adhibeatur, ut ostendatur nullum templum eius nisi purum ingredi debere. cautum enim est, ne sacerdos eius domum ingrediatur, in qua ante quintam diem funus fuerit. quidam tamen 'an' pro siue antique dictum uolunt. non nulli coniunctionem mutatam adserunt pro 'aut Phoebi soror aut Nympharum sanguinis una'. alii 'an' coniunctionem disiunctiuam uolunt, ut Sallustius &quot;perrexere in Hispaniam, an Sardiniam&quot;. {{sc|'''an nympharvm sangvinis'''}} generis. 


{{ancora+|330|[[Aeneis/Liber I#330|330.]]}} {{sc|'''sis felix'''}}  propitia. felix enim dicitur et qui habet felicitatem et qui facit esse felicem, ut in bucolicis &quot;sis bonus o felixque tuis&quot;. unde et contra Iuno in septimo dicit &quot;quae potui infelix&quot;, id est aduersa Troianis. {{sc|'''sis felix'''}} hoc est felicitatem praestes uel felix mihi. e contrario &quot;et monstrum infelix &quot;et &quot;infelix uates&quot;. {{sc|'''leves'''}} leuem facias, ut &quot;leuat ipse tridenti&quot;. {{sc|'''qvaecvmqve'''}} seu Diana, seu nympha. 

{{ancora+|331|[[Aeneis/Liber I#331|331.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo svb caelo'''}}  aut sub qua parte caeli, aut secundum Epicureos dixit, qui plures uolunt esse caelos, ut Cicero in Hortensio. {{sc|'''tandem'''}} hoc loco uacat 'tandem'. sciendum sane multas particulas ad ornatum pertinere tantummodo, ut puta 'dum' 'gentium' 'locorum' 'terrarum'. aut 'tandem doceas', quia uix hoc quoque contigit. aut 'tandem' pro expletiua particula est. 

{{ancora+|332|[[Aeneis/Liber I#332|332.]]}} {{sc|'''hominvmqve locorvmqve'''}}  g-hupermetros uersus, unam enim plus habet syllabam: qui quotiens fit, debet sequens uersus a uocali incipere, ut hoc loco, item &quot;omnia Mercurio similis, uocemque coloremque et crines flauos&quot;; nisi forte synizesis fiat in fine, id est uocalium collisio, ut est &quot;nec cura peculi&quot;. hic enim non est necesse ut sequens uersus a uocali incipiat. 

{{ancora+|334|[[Aeneis/Liber I#334|334.]]}} {{sc|'''hostia dextra'''}}  hostiae dicuntur sacrificia quae ab his fiunt qui in hostem pergunt, uictimae uero sacrificia quae post uictoriam fiunt. sed haec licenter confundit auctoritas. 

{{ancora+|335|[[Aeneis/Liber I#335|335.]]}} {{sc|'''eqvidem'''}} nunc 'ego quidem' significat, alias expletiua particula est. {{sc|'''tali me dignor honore'''}} id est sacrificio. et aut uult se probare non numen, sed uirginem Tyriam; aut certe quia Paphiae Veneri quae Cypri colitur, ture tantum sacrificatur et floribus; quia ait &quot;ubi templum illi centumque Sabaeo thure calent arae, sertisque recentibus halant&quot;. HAVD EQUIDEM T- M- D- H- ideo non amplectitur sacrificium, ut diutius lateat. {{sc|'''dignor'''}} dignam me iudico, ut &quot;coniugio Anchisa Veneris dignate superbo&quot;, id est digne habite. 

{{ancora+|337|[[Aeneis/Liber I#337|337.]]}} {{sc|'''pvrpvreo'''}} aut pulchro aut russati coloris. {{sc|'''svras vincire cotvrno'''}} coturni sunt calciamenta etiam uenatoria, crura quoque uincientia, quorum quiuis utrique aptus est pedi. ideo et numero usus est singulari. 

{{ancora+|338|[[Aeneis/Liber I#338|338.]]}} {{sc|'''pvnica regna vides'''}}  ad illud &quot;'et quo sub caelo tandem&quot;'. quidam 'uides' pro uisurus es accipiunt; nam quemadmodum in media silua urbem uidet et Tyrios? {{sc|'''pvnica regna vides'''}} his attentum facit Aeneam. {{sc|'''tyrios'''}} nihil interest utrum Tyrios an Sidonios dicat. ut diximus enim nomina de uicino mutuantur. {{sc|'''agenoris vrbem'''}} quam fecerunt Agenoridae. Agenor autem, Neptuni et Libyae filius, rex Phoenices fuit, de cuius genere originem Dido ducebat. et sic dictum est, ut &quot;et tandem Euboicis Cumarum adlabitur oris&quot;, id est ad Cumas, quas fecerunt hi qui de Chalcide uenerant, ciuitate Euboeae. 

{{ancora+|339|[[Aeneis/Liber I#339|339.]]}} {{sc|'''sed fines libyci'''}}  ante dicta dubia esse potuerunt, nunc aperte regionem ostendit dicendo Libycos fines. Tyrii enim et alibi esse potuerunt. {{sc|'''intractabile'''}} insuperabile, asperum, saeuum. {{sc|'''sed fines libyci'''}} amouit suspicionem, ne putaret se in Tyrum uenisse. 


{{ancora+|340|[[Aeneis/Liber I#340|340.]]}} {{sc|'''dido'''}} uero nomine Elissa ante dicta est, sed post interitum a Poenis Dido appellata, id est uirago Punica lingua, quod cum a suis sociis cogeretur cuicumque de Afris regibus nubere et prioris mariti caritate teneretur, forti se animo et interfecerit et in pyram iecerit, quam se ad expiandos prioris mariti manes extruxisse fingebat. 

{{ancora+|341|[[Aeneis/Liber I#341|341.]]}} {{sc|'''germanvm fvgiens'''}}  hoc loco quasi stupuit Aeneas; de germani enim appellatione fuerat facta maior inuidia: unde auditoris auiditati praescribit Venus dicens longam esse iniuriam, id est causam, ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit, ut supra &quot;spem uultu simulat&quot;. {{sc|'''longa est inivria'''}} longa narratio iniuriae. 

{{ancora+|342|[[Aeneis/Liber I#342|342.]]}} {{sc|'''longae ambages'''}}  id est circuitus. hoc est ambages narrationis. {{sc|'''fastigia'''}} summae partes aedificiorum dicuntur, sed modo primordia, quia scit longam esse historiam Carthaginis, ut Sallustius &quot;sed de Carthagine silere melius puto, quam parum dicere&quot;. 

{{ancora+|343|[[Aeneis/Liber I#343|343.]]}} {{sc|'''hvic conivnx sychaevs erat'''}}  quotiens poeta aspera inuenit nomina uel in metro non stantia, aut mutat ea aut de his aliquid mutilat. nam Sychaeus Sicarbas dictus est; Belus, Didonis pater, Mettes; Carthago a cartha, ut lectum est et in historia Poenorum et in Liuio. sane Sychaeus Sy breuis est per naturam; sed hoc loco ectasin fecit ea licentia quae est in propriis nominibus. licet enim in quauis proprii nominis parte syllabae mutare naturam: quod et in appellatiuis euenit, si tamen de propriis originem ducant, ut &quot;Sicanio praetenta sinu&quot;, quia uenit a Sicano rege Siciliae. {{sc|'''ditissimvs agri'''}} ueteres addebant cuius rei diues, ut &quot;diues equum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|344|[[Aeneis/Liber I#344|344.]]}} {{sc|'''miserae'''}} datiuus est, non aduerbium. 

{{ancora+|345|[[Aeneis/Liber I#345|345.]]}} {{sc|'''cvi pater intactam dederat'''}}  argumentum amoris. 

{{ancora+|346|[[Aeneis/Liber I#346|346.]]}} {{sc|'''primis ominibvs'''}}  uel prosperis et secundis auguriis uel primariis, ut aliis uerbis repetierit 'cui pater intactam dederat'. {{sc|'''ominibvs'''}} auguriis. et secundum Romanos locutus est, qui nihil nisi captatis faciebant auguriis, et praecipue nuptias. Lucanus &quot;contentique auspice Bruto&quot;. Iuuenalis &quot;ueniet cum signatoribus auspex&quot;. {{sc|'''tyri'''}} aduerbium est. 

{{ancora+|347|[[Aeneis/Liber I#347|347.]]}} {{sc|'''scelere ante alios immanior omnes qvos inter medios venit fvror'''}}  iunge totum: nam aliter non procedit, si segreges 'quos inter medios uenit furor', cum ipse dicat, licet simulatas, fuisse tamen amicitias, simul namque sacrificabant: ac si diceret, sceleratior Atreo et Thyeste, uel Eteocle et Polynice. multi 'inmanior' ad furorem, non ad Pygmalionem referunt. ordo autem est 'inter quos medios'. 

{{ancora+|348|[[Aeneis/Liber I#348|348.]]}} {{sc|'''ille sychaevm'''}}  hoc loco secundum naturam posuit. 

{{ancora+|349|[[Aeneis/Liber I#349|349.]]}} {{sc|'''impivs ante aras'''}}  probauit impium, qui ante aras. et singula pronuntianda. 


{{ancora+|350|[[Aeneis/Liber I#350|350.]]}} {{sc|'''clam'''}} quidam ad sororem referri putant. {{sc|'''secvrvs amorvm germanae'''}} aut contemnens, id est neglegens, non curans amores sororis, ut &quot;securi pelagi atque mei&quot;, id est contemptores: aut certe securus erat de amore germanae circa maritum nimio, ob quem se post mortem Sychaei interimere posse credebatur; nec enim sequitur, ut occiso Sychaeo ipse statim potiretur auri, nisi etiam Dido periret. 'amores' autem plurali numero ad uoluptatem pertinent, ut &quot;securus amorum, qui iuuenum tibi semper erant&quot;, singulari etiam ad religionem. 

{{ancora+|351|[[Aeneis/Liber I#351|351.]]}} {{sc|'''aegram'''}} maestam, anxiam. 

{{ancora+|352|[[Aeneis/Liber I#352|352.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta malvs simvlans vana spe lvsit amantem'''}}  quia dicebat absentem, quem constabat occisum. atqui legimus &quot;quis fallere possit amantem?&quot; sed hic nimia Pygmalionis ostenditur malitia, quae etiam amantem fefellit. {{sc|'''vana spe'''}} quia dicebat eum reuerti. {{sc|'''lvsit'''}} decepit. 

{{ancora+|353|[[Aeneis/Liber I#353|353.]]}} {{sc|'''in somnis'''}}  si ab eo quod est somnium, synizesis est, ut peculi pro peculii; si autem a somno uenit, 'in somnis', id est dum somnos caperet. {{sc|'''imago'''}} g-to g-eidohlon. 

{{ancora+|355|[[Aeneis/Liber I#355|355.]]}} {{sc|'''crvdelis aras'''}}  epitheton hoc de causa est, nam arae piae sunt. 

{{ancora+|356|[[Aeneis/Liber I#356|356.]]}} {{sc|'''nvdavit'''}} indicauit: unde contra in sexto habemus &quot;et uulnera dira tegentem&quot;, hoc est celantem. quid enim tegeret undique truncatus? {{sc|'''retexit'''}} ecce hic planius quid sit 'nudauit' ostendit. {{sc|'''caecvmqve domvs scelvs omne retexit'''}} utrum ad praeteritum hoc refertur, an ut quibusdam uidetur, quod ipsam Didonem parabat occidere? nam ideo et fugam suadere uisus est. 

{{ancora+|357|[[Aeneis/Liber I#357|357.]]}} {{sc|'''celerare fvgam'''}}  celeriter abire, ut dicimus 'cursum celero'. {{sc|'''svadet'''}} secundum naturam duae sunt syllabae, sed multi trisyllabum putant. quod etiam si inueniatur, solutio dicenda est, quo modo dicimus aena et aena. hoc autem solum huiusce modi uerbum in Latino inuenitur. 

{{ancora+|358|[[Aeneis/Liber I#358|358.]]}} {{sc|'''reclvdit'''}} ad opinionem somni recludere uidetur, ut &quot;aeternumque adytis effert penetralibus ignem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|359|[[Aeneis/Liber I#359|359.]]}} {{sc|'''thesavros'''}} hoc nomen 'n' non habet, sicut Atlas, gigas, Thoas, Abas, Pallas, licet in obliquis casibus inueniatur; sicut nec formosus, quia deriuatum est a forma, ut a specie speciosus, ab odio odiosus, a genere generosus, ab scelere scelerosus. {{sc|'''ignotvm argenti pondvs et avri'''}} aut quod ignorabat Dido, aut certe ad magnitudinem pertinet, id est tantum quantum nullus umquam nouit. 


{{ancora+|360|[[Aeneis/Liber I#360|360.]]}} {{sc|'''his commota'''}}  supra dictis omnibus. 

{{ancora+|361|[[Aeneis/Liber I#361|361.]]}} {{sc|'''qvibvs avt odivm crvdele tyranni avt metvs acer erat'''}}  oderant laesi, metuebant laedendi, hoc est qui timebant, ne laederentur: unde est illud in quarto &quot;et quos Sidonia uix urbe reuelli&quot;, quia non uoluntate, sed aut odio aut timore conuenerant. {{sc|'''odivm crvdele tyranni'''}} id est crudelis tyranni, et figura est; nam in tyrannum odium iustum est. 

{{ancora+|362|[[Aeneis/Liber I#362|362.]]}} {{sc|'''naves qvae forte paratae'''}}  id est erant. 

{{ancora+|363|[[Aeneis/Liber I#363|363.]]}} {{sc|'''pygmalionis opes'''}}  quas Pygmalion iam suas putabat: unde est in quarto &quot;ulta uirum&quot;. quae enim auaro maior poena, quam pecuniam propter quam deliquerat perdere? remoue hoc, et falsum est &quot;ulta uirum&quot;. sciendum autem quod clam tangit historiam. moris enim erat, ut de pecunia publica Phoenices misso a rege auro de peregrinis frumenta conueherent. Dido autem a Pygmalione ad hunc usum paratas naues abstulerat: quam cum fugientem a fratre missi sequerentur, aurum illa praecipitauit in mare, qua re uisa sequentes reuersi sunt. licet et alio ordine historia ista narratur. {{sc|'''dvx femina facti'''}} pronuntiandum quasi mirum. 

{{ancora+|365|[[Aeneis/Liber I#365|365.]]}} {{sc|'''devenere locos'''}}  'ad' minus est. {{sc|'''svrgentem'''}} erigentem se, ut &quot;surgentem in cornua ceruum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|366|[[Aeneis/Liber I#366|366.]]}} {{sc|'''novae carthaginis'''}}  Carthago enim est lingua Poenorum noua ciuitas, ut docet Liuius. 

{{ancora+|367|[[Aeneis/Liber I#367|367.]]}} {{sc|'''mercatiqve solvm'''}} , {{sc|'''facti de nomine byrsam'''}} adpulsa ad Libyam Dido cum ab Hiarba pelleretur, petit callide, ut emeret tantum terrae, quantum posset corium bouis tenere. itaque corium in fila propemodum sectum tetendit occupauitque stadia uiginti duo: quam rem leuiter tangit Vergilius dicendo 'facti de nomine Byrsam' et non 'tegere', sed 'circumdare'. {{sc|'''facti de nomine'''}} id est de causae qualitate, quia byrsa Graece g-corium dicitur. dicendo ergo 'circumdare', ostendit corrigiam de corio factam. 

{{ancora+|368|[[Aeneis/Liber I#368|368.]]}} {{sc|'''tergo'''}} pro tergore. 

{{ancora+|369|[[Aeneis/Liber I#369|369.]]}} {{sc|'''sed vos qvi tandem'''}} ? uacat hoc loco 'tandem', uel ut aliis uidetur expletiua coniunctio, ut &quot;et quo sub caelo tandem&quot;, ubi 'tandem' pro tamen accipiunt. et est naturalis interrogatio qui estis? unde estis? quo itis? sic ipse in octauo licet mutato ordine &quot;quo tenditis, inquit? qui genus? unde domo?&quot; 


{{ancora+|371|[[Aeneis/Liber I#371|371.]]}} {{sc|'''imoqve trahens a pectore vocem'''}}  deest 'dixit'. et quotiens longe respondet, parenthesis est; quotiens nusquam, ellipsis dicitur, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|372|[[Aeneis/Liber I#372|372.]]}} {{sc|'''o dea'''}}  perseuerat in opinione sua, ita tamen, ut et illius orationi aliquando concedat: nam paulo post ait 'si uestras forte per aures Troiae nomen iit'. aut certe illud est, quia superius dixerat 'an nympharum sanguinis una', quae non omnia sciunt; {{sc|'''ab origine'''}} a raptu Helenae. {{sc|'''pergam'''}} perseuerem, hoc est uniuersa dicam. 

{{ancora+|373|[[Aeneis/Liber I#373|373.]]}} {{sc|'''annales'''}} inter historiam et annales hoc interest: historia est eorum temporum quae uel uidimus uel uidere potuimus, dicta g-apo g-tou g-historein, id est uidere; annales uero sunt eorum temporum, quae aetas nostra non nouit: unde Liuius ex annalibus et historia constat. haec tamen confunduntur licenter, ut hoc loco pro historia inquit 'annales'. ita autem annales conficiebantur: tabulam dealbatam quotannis pontifex maximus habuit, in qua praescriptis consulum nominibus et aliorum magistratuum digna memoratu notare consueuerat domi militiaeque terra marique gesta per singulos dies. cuius diligentiae annuos commentarios in octoginta libros ueteres retulerunt, eosque a pontificibus maximis a quibus fiebant annales maximos appellarunt: unde quidam ideo dictum ab Aenea 'annales' aiunt, quod et ipse religiosus sit et a poeta tum pontifex inducatur. 

{{ancora+|374|[[Aeneis/Liber I#374|374.]]}} {{sc|'''clavso'''}} more poetico, qui dicunt caelum per noctem claudi, aperiri per diem: unde est &quot;porta tonat caeli&quot; et &quot;considunt tectis bipatentibus&quot;. {{sc|'''componet'''}} finiet, ut &quot;oblato gaudens componi foedere bellum&quot; et &quot;⟨non⟩ nostrum inter uos tantas conponere lites&quot;. alibi pro disponere, ut &quot;nec conponere opes norant&quot;, alibi pro coniungere, ut &quot;conponens manibusque manus&quot;, alibi pro conparare, ut &quot;sic paruis conponere magna solebam&quot;, alibi pro fundare, ut &quot;nunc placida conpostus&quot;. {{sc|'''vesper'''}} proprie stella est, cum autem 'uesperi' dicimus, aduerbium temporis est. et sciendum quia omnia nomina, quae de Graecis in -os exeuntibus ad nos transeunt, apud nos aut in us tantum exeunt, ut {{sc|'''deloc'''}} delus, aut in er, ut g-agros ager, aut in utrumque, ut g-Euandros Euandrus Euander 

{{ancora+|375|[[Aeneis/Liber I#375|375.]]}} {{sc|'''troia antiqva'''}}  nobili, uenerabili, more suo: alibi &quot;terra antiqua&quot;, id est nobilis; nec enim esse poterat noua. item &quot;templa dei saxo uenerabar structa uetusto&quot;. aut certe cara, et hoc ideo, quia dixit 'quibus aut uenistis ab oris'. {{sc|'''si vestras forte per avres'''}} cum apud deam sciat se loqui, cur ait 'si uestras per aures'? et 'forte' hic aliqua ratione. 

{{ancora+|377|[[Aeneis/Liber I#377|377.]]}} {{sc|'''forte sva'''}}  casu suo, id est quo solet. 'forte' autem nomen est a nominatiuo fors, ut Terentius &quot;fors fuat pol&quot;. ipse alibi &quot;quoniam fors omnia uersat&quot;. {{sc|'''libycis'''}} iam scit; audiuit enim 'sed fines Libyci'. {{sc|'''appvlit oris'''}} figura supra dicta. 

{{ancora+|378|[[Aeneis/Liber I#378|378.]]}} {{sc|'''svm pivs aeneas'''}}  non est hoc loco arrogantia, sed indicium. nam scientibus aliquid de se dicere arrogantia est, ignotis indicium. aut certe heroum secutus est morem, quibus quam mentiri turpe fuerat, tam uera reticere. denique Vlixes in Homero ait suam famam ad caelum usque uenisse: unde et iste 'fama super aethera notus'. aut certe uetuste pietatem pro religione posuit. Sallustius in Catilina &quot;uerum illi delubra deum pietate, domus suas gloria decorabant&quot;. Plautus in Pseudolo &quot;non potest pietati obsisti huic ututi res sunt ceterae, deos quidem, quos maxime est aequum metuere, eos minimi facit&quot;. sane 'pius' potest esse et purus et innocens et omni carens scelere. piare enim antiqui purgare dicebant; inde etiam piamina, quibus expurgant homines, et qui purgati non sunt impii. {{sc|'''raptos qvi ex hoste penates'''}} hoc est sum pius. {{sc|'''ex hoste penates'''}} optima locutio est, plusque significat de pluralitate ad singularitatem transire, ut 'uenor multis canibus' et 'multa cane'. ut Horatius &quot;aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane apros in obstantes plagas&quot;. sane de diis penatibus licet uarias opiniones secutus sit Vergilius, omnes tamen diuersis locis complexus est: nam alii, ut Nigidius et Labeo, deos penates Aeneae Neptunum et Apollinem tradunt, quorum mentio fit &quot;taurum Neptuno, taurum tibi, pulcher Apollo&quot;. Varro deos penates quaedam sigilla lignea uel marmorea ab Aenea in Italiam dicit aduecta, cuius rei ita Vergilius meminit &quot;effigies sacrae diuum Phrygiique penates, quos mecum a Troia mediisque ex ignibus urbis extuleram&quot;. idem Varro hos deos Dardanum ex Samothraca in Phrygiam, de Phrygia Aeneam in Italiam memorat portauisse. alii autem, ut Cassius Hemina, dicunt deos penates ex Samothraca appellatos g-theous g-megalous, g-theous g-dunatous, g-theous g-chrehstous. quorum diuersis locis ita meminit &quot;natoque penatibus et magnis dis&quot;, hoc est g-theous g-megalous, et iterum &quot;Iunonis magnae primum. dominamque potentem&quot; g-tous g-dunatous, et &quot;bona Iuno&quot; g-tous g-chrehstous. ecce ergo diuersis locis omnia tria conplexus, quae omnia locis suis dicentur. 


{{ancora+|380|[[Aeneis/Liber I#380|380.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam qvaero'''}}  hoc loco distinguendum est; nam si iunxeris 'patriam', non procedit. patria enim, id est ciuitas, in prouincia esse potest, non tamen ut ipsa prouincia patria sit: licet in Sallustio lectum sit &quot;Hispaniam sibi antiquam patriam esse&quot;; sed illic ad laudem pertinet, non ad ueritatem. tria ergo dicit: prouinciam quaero, hoc est 'Italiam'; 'patriam', hoc est Corythum, Tusciae ciuitatem, unde Dardanus fuit; 'genus ab Ioue' ideo, quia ex Electra et Ioue Dardanus Iasiusque nati sunt, Dardanus autem auctor est Troiae. et bene ad tria interrogata respondet, qui esset, unde uenisset, quo tenderet. alibi de ipsa Italia Aeneas &quot;hic domus, haec patria est&quot;. melius sic distinguitur 'Italiam quaero patriam et genus ab Ioue summo': ut mihi sit Italia patria, Iouis genus efficit, propter Dardanum scilicet. 

{{ancora+|381|[[Aeneis/Liber I#381|381.]]}} {{sc|'''phrygivm aeqvor'''}}  id est Hellespontum. {{sc|'''conscendi'''}} bene 'conscendi' secundum physicos, qui dicunt terram inferiorem esse, quia omne quod continetur supra illud est quod continet: unde est &quot;humilemque uidemus Italiam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|382|[[Aeneis/Liber I#382|382.]]}} {{sc|'''matre dea monstrante viam'''}}  hoc loco per transitum tangit historiam, quam per legem artis poeticae aperte non potest ponere. nam Varro in secundo diuinarum dicit &quot;ex quo de Troia est egressus Aeneas, Veneris eum per diem cotidie stellam uidisse, donec ad agrum Laurentem ueniret, in quo eam non uidit ulterius: qua re terras cognouit esse fatales&quot;: unde Vergilius hoc loco 'matre dea monstrante uiam' et &quot;eripe, nate, fugam&quot;, item &quot;nusquam abero&quot; et &quot;descendo ac ducente deo&quot; et &quot;iamque iugis summae surgebat lucifer Idae&quot;. quam stellam Veneris esse ipse Vergilius ostendit &quot;qualis ubi Oceani perfusus Lucifer unda, quem Venus ante alios astrorum diligit ignes&quot;. quod autem diximus eum poetica arte prohiberi, ne aperte ponat historiam, certum est. Lucanus namque ideo in numero poetarum esse non meruit, quia uidetur historiam composuisse, non poema. {{sc|'''data fata secvtvs'''}} scilicet a Ioue. 

{{ancora+|383|[[Aeneis/Liber I#383|383.]]}} {{sc|'''convvlsae vndis evroqve svpersvnt'''}}  aut 'conuulsae undis Euroque', aut 'supersunt undis Euroque'. 'conuulsae' autem ideo, quia habes supra &quot;laxis laterum compagibus&quot; 

{{ancora+|384|[[Aeneis/Liber I#384|384.]]}} {{sc|'''ignotvs'''}} deest 'quasi'; nam contrarium est quod dixit 'fama super aethera notus'. facit autem hoc frequenter Vergilius, ut hanc particulam subtrahat, ut &quot;at medias inter caedes exultat Amazon&quot;, quasi Amazon; nam Vulsca fuit. {{sc|'''peragro'''}} per habet accentum; nam 'a' longa quidem est, sed non solida positione; muta enim et liquida quotiens ponuntur metrum iuuant, non accentum. 

{{ancora+|385|[[Aeneis/Liber I#385|385.]]}} {{sc|'''evropa atqve asia pvlsvs'''}}  aut orbem in tres partes diuisit et absolutum est, quia in Africa positus, quae orbis pars tertia est: aut si Europam tantum et Asiam intellegimus, ut Africa in Europa sit, inuidiose locutus est, ut supra Venus &quot;cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis&quot;, quasi cum indignatione dicat, per Troiam Asia careo, per Italiam Europa. denique non passa Venus eius interrupit querelas. sane Europa Agenoris filia, a qua pars orbis nominata est. 

{{ancora+|386|[[Aeneis/Liber I#386|386.]]}} {{sc|'''dolore est'''}}  aut narrantis Aeneae, aut certe suo dolore; aequum enim est malis filii etiam ipsam moueri. 

{{ancora+|387|[[Aeneis/Liber I#387|387.]]}} {{sc|'''qvisqvis es'''}}  pleraque per concessionem sic tradit poeta, ut augmentum faciat. sicut hoc loco audiuerat Venus 'sum pius Aeneas, fama super aethera notus' et cetera, dicit tamen 'quisquis es', hoc est, etiamsi haec in te non sint, hinc tamen constat esse felicem, quod uenisti Carthaginem. item in secundo &quot;quisquis es, amissos hinc iam obliuiscere Graios&quot;, hoc est, qualibet ratione contra nos bella susceperis. {{sc|'''havd credo invisvs caelestibvs'''}} litotes figura per contrarium significans, id est credo te esse carissimum superis: ut alibi &quot;munera nec sperno&quot;, supra &quot;mihi iussa capessere fas est&quot;. 'caelestibus' autem secundum Pythagoram et praecipue Platonem dixit, qui confirmant uiuos esse superis caros, mortuos uero inferis. unde et Vergilius de Pallante &quot;et nil iam caelestibus ullis debentem&quot;, item contra &quot;uos o mihi manes este boni, quoniam superis auersa uoluntas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|388|[[Aeneis/Liber I#388|388.]]}} {{sc|'''avras vitales carpis'''}}  quibus uiuimus. nihil est enim aliud uita, quam reciprocus spiritus: unde et Iuppiter, quo constant omnia, Zeus uocatur g-apo g-tehs g-zohes, id est uita. {{sc|'''carpis'''}} accipis modo, ut &quot;et placidam carpebant membra quietem&quot;. {{sc|'''tyriam'''}} carthaginem a colonis. {{sc|'''adveneris vrbem'''}} hysterologia ut supra, hoc est ad urbem ueneris. {{sc|'''perge modo'''}} tantummodo: hoc est, haec tibi sola sit cura, nam liberatae sunt naues. 

{{ancora+|389|[[Aeneis/Liber I#389|389.]]}} {{sc|'''perfer'''}} imperatiuus modus est, ut &quot;fer cineres Amarylli foras&quot;. 


{{ancora+|390|[[Aeneis/Liber I#390|390.]]}} {{sc|'''redvces'''}} proprie 'reduces' dicuntur qui pericula euadunt: sic infra &quot;ut reduces illi ludunt&quot;, scilicet post periculum inlatum ab aquila. 

{{ancora+|391|[[Aeneis/Liber I#391|391.]]}} {{sc|'''versis aqvilonibvs'''}}  aut speciem pro genere posuit, hoc est mutatis uentis, aut quia, postquam ad Africam iter uerterunt, aduersus ante Aquilo coepit esse prosperrimus. 

{{ancora+|392|[[Aeneis/Liber I#392|392.]]}} {{sc|'''ni frvstra avgvrivm vani docvere parentes'''}}  hoc ad confirmandum errorem Aeneae dixit, ne diuinando dea esse crederetur. et est argumentum ad fallaciam, ne intellegat deam. quod autem dicit 'uani parentes', aut hypallage est, id est uanum augurium, ut &quot;dare classibus austros&quot; et &quot;ibant obscuri sola sub nocte&quot; pro ipsi soli per obscuram noctem; aut certe 'uani parentes' qui res falsas et inanes docent. et per hoc decipere plerumque ostendit auguria. multi uolunt ad nimium hoc amorem parentum referri, qui teneritudine affectus etiam superflua liberos docent. quidam 'uani' mendaces tradunt. Sallustius in Iugurtha &quot;nam ego quidem uellem et haec quae scribo et illa quae antea in senatu questus sum uana forent potius, quam miseria mea fidem uerbis faceret&quot;. Terentius in Phormione ubi adulescens lenonem mendacii arguit &quot;non te pudet uanitatis?&quot; 

{{ancora+|393|[[Aeneis/Liber I#393|393.]]}} {{sc|'''bis senos cycnos'''}}  cycnos nauibus comparat, aquilam tempestati. in auguriis autem considerandae sunt non solum aues, sed etiam uolatus, ut in praepetibus, et cantus, ut in oscinibus, quia nec omnes nec omnibus dant auguria: ut columbae non nisi regibus dant, quia numquam singulae uolant, sicut rex numquam solus incedit; unde in sexto &quot;maternas agnouit aues&quot; per transitum ostendit regis augurium. item cycni nullis dant nisi nautis, sicut lectum est in ornithogonia, &quot;cycnus in auguriis nautis gratissimus ales: hunc optant semper, quia numquam mergitur undis&quot;. cycnos tamen habere diuinationem etiam Cicero in Tusculanis libro primo docet &quot;ut cycni, qui non sine causa Apollini dicati sunt, sed quod ab eo diuinationem habere uideantur&quot;. {{sc|'''laetantes'''}} post periculum. {{sc|'''agmine'''}} uolatu, impetu. agmen autem apud Vergilium est cuiuslibet rei impetus, ut &quot;illi agmine certo&quot; et &quot;uocat agmina saeua sororum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|394|[[Aeneis/Liber I#394|394.]]}} {{sc|'''aetheria'''}} aether altior est aere, uicinus caelo, g-apo g-tou g-aithein, id est ardere. {{sc|'''iovis ales'''}} aquila, quae in tutela Iouis est, quia dicitur dimicanti ei contra Gigantes fulmina ministrasse: quod ideo fingitur, quia per naturam nimii est caloris, adeo ut etiam oua quibus supersidet possit coquere, nisi admoueat gagaten lapidem frigidissimum, ut testatur Lucanus &quot;feta tepefacta sub alite saxa&quot;. aut quia nec aquila nec laurus dicitur fulminari, ideo Iouis ales aquila, Iouis coronam lauream accepimus, et qui triumphant lauro coronantur. sane alites proprie dicuntur aues, quae uolatu auspicia faciunt, buteo sanqualis inmussulus aquila uulturius. sane de aquila est et alia fabula. apud Graecos legitur, puerum quendam terra editum admodum pulchrum membris omnibus fuisse, qui g-Aetos sit uocatus. hic cum Iuppiter propter patrem Saturnum, qui suos filios deuorabat, in Creta insula in Idaeo antro nutriretur, primus in obsequium Iouis se dedit, post uero cum adoleuisset Iuppiter et patrem regno pepulisset, Iuno permota forma pueri uelut paelicatus dolore eum in auem uertit, quae ab ipso g-aetos dicitur Graece, a nobis aquila propter aquilum colorem, qui ater est. quam semper Iuppiter sibi inhaerere praecipit et fulmina gestare: per hanc etiam Ganymedes cum amaretur a Ioue dicitur raptus, quos Iuppiter inter sidera collocauit. et quia aquilae haec est natura, ut solem recto lumine spectet, signum quoque aquilae, quod in caelo est, orientem semper solem uidetur adtendere. alii dicunt ab hac aui Iouem raptum et ad latebras Cretenses perlatum, cum a Saturno ubique quaereretur. ipsam etiam Ioui, cum aduersus Titanas bellum gereret, obuolasse in augurium ac statim uictoriam consecutam, et ideo inter sidera collocatam. 

{{ancora+|395|[[Aeneis/Liber I#395|395.]]}} {{sc|'''ordine longo'''}}  non nulli pro serie dictum accipiunt, nam et 'coetu cinxere polum' uidetur ad ordinem rettulisse: quamuis quidam quaerant, quomodo 'ordine', cum mox 'coetu' dicat. 

{{ancora+|396|[[Aeneis/Liber I#396|396.]]}} {{sc|'''capere'''}} eligere, ut &quot;ante locum capies oculis&quot;. {{sc|'''despectare'''}} id est electas iam intentius despicere. 

{{ancora+|397|[[Aeneis/Liber I#397|397.]]}} {{sc|'''stridentibvs alis'''}}  signum augurii est. 

{{ancora+|398|[[Aeneis/Liber I#398|398.]]}} {{sc|'''coetv'''}} dicit Plinius Secundus in naturali historia, omnes aues colli longioris aut recto ordine uolare, ut pondus capitis praecedentis cauda sustentet: unde et prima plerumque deficiens relicto loco incipit esse postrema: aut in coetu se omnes inuicem sustinere; neque enim huiusmodi aues semel ad inferiora descendunt, sed paulatim per reflexos in gyrum uolatus. hoc autem uolatu imitantur litteras quasdam: unde et Lucanus &quot;et turbata perit dispersis littera pennis&quot;. {{sc|'''cantvsqve dedere'''}} adlusit ad nautas. multi tamen adserunt cycnos inter augurales aues non inueniri neque auguralibus commentariis eorum nomen inlatum, sed in libris reconditis lectum esse, posse quamlibet auem auspicium adtestari, maxime quia non poscatur. hoc enim interest inter augurium et auspicium, quod augurium et petitur et certis auibus ostenditur, auspicium qualibet aui demonstratur et non petitur: quod ipsum tamen species augurii est. sed Vergilius amat secretiora dicere; nam totum morem augurum exsecutus est proprietate uerborum. alites enim ostendit cum ait 'stridentibus alis', oscines uero cum dicit 'et coetu cinxere polum cantusque dedere'. hoc idem et de columbis fecit; nam et haec inter augurales aues dicuntur non inueniri, et tamen ex his augurium et postulari facit et ostendi: &quot;este duces o, si qua uia est, cursumque per auras dirigite in lucos&quot; et cetera. 

{{ancora+|399|[[Aeneis/Liber I#399|399.]]}} {{sc|'''pvppesqve tvae pvbesqve tvorvm'''}}  tropus synecdoche: a parte totum significat, ut Terentius &quot;o lepidum caput&quot;, id est lepidus homo. 'pubes' autem flos iuuentutis. 


{{ancora+|400|[[Aeneis/Liber I#400|400.]]}} {{sc|'''ostia'''}} proprie ostia dicuntur exitus fluminum, sed modo abusus est, quia plerumque ostia ipsa pro portu sunt. 

{{ancora+|401|[[Aeneis/Liber I#401|401.]]}} {{sc|'''perge modo'''}}  exhortatio ad facilitatem rei. {{sc|'''dvcit via'''}} pro 'haec uia': et uidetur demonstrare. 

{{ancora+|402|[[Aeneis/Liber I#402|402.]]}} {{sc|'''avertens'''}} 'se' subaudis, hoc est cum auerteretur, ut &quot;tum prora auertit&quot;. {{sc|'''rosea'''}} pulchra. 

{{ancora+|403|[[Aeneis/Liber I#403|403.]]}} {{sc|'''ambrosiaeqve comae'''}}  aut unguento deorum oblitae, hoc est ambrosia, aut certe abusiue dixit 'diuinae comae'. {{sc|'''ambrosiaeqve comae divinvm vertice odorem'''}} est hypallage, ut sit diuinae comae ambrosiae odorem spirauere. 

{{ancora+|404|[[Aeneis/Liber I#404|404.]]}} {{sc|'''spiravere'''}} exhalauerunt. {{sc|'''vestis deflvxit'''}} quia dixit supra &quot;sinus collecta fluentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|405|[[Aeneis/Liber I#405|405.]]}} {{sc|'''vera'''}} bene 'uera' de qua ante dubitabatur. {{sc|'''incessv'''}} hoc uerbum apud Vergilium saepe pro honore ponitur, ut &quot;ast ego quae diuum incedo regina&quot; et mox &quot;forma pulcherrima Dido incessit&quot;. {{sc|'''matrem agnovit'''}} nunc matrem agnoscit; nam deam esse iam superius dixerat. 

{{ancora+|406|[[Aeneis/Liber I#406|406.]]}} {{sc|'''fvgientem'''}} celeriter abscedentem, ut alibi &quot;ad terram fugit&quot;. {{sc|'''voce'''}} pro oratione. 

{{ancora+|407|[[Aeneis/Liber I#407|407.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid natvm totiens'''}}  saepe. et aut kata to siopomenon intellegimus saepe eum esse delusum; aut certe secundum ipsum Vergilium, qui ait in secundo &quot;cum mihi se non ante oculis tam clara uidendam obtulit&quot;. multi tamen uolunt in hoc ipso loco saepe eum esse deceptum, ut in habitu, in interrogatione, in responsione, in auguriis. uel 'totiens crudelis', quotiens fallis aut dissimulas. {{sc|'''tv qvoqve'''}} sicut Iuno ceterique dii, qui Troianis inimici sunt; quos et in secundo libro ostendit, ubi ait &quot;inimicaque Troiae numina magna deum&quot;. {{sc|'''falsis lvdis imaginibvs'''}} ideo quia uirginem, quia uenatricem, quia Tyriam se dixerat. 

{{ancora+|408|[[Aeneis/Liber I#408|408.]]}} {{sc|'''cvr dextrae ivngere dextram'''}}  maiorum enim haec fuerat salutatio, cuius rei g-aition, id est causam Varro, Callimachum secutus, exposuit, adserens &quot;omnem eorum honorem dexterarum constitisse uirtute&quot;. ob quam rem hac se uenerabantur corporis parte. 

{{ancora+|409|[[Aeneis/Liber I#409|409.]]}} {{sc|'''veras avdire et reddere voces'''}} ? sunt multae reciprocae elocutiones, ut hoc loco; sunt multae unius partis utrique sufficientes, ut 'tenemur amicitiis', ridiculum enim est si addas 'mutuis', cum amicitiae utrumque significent, sicut Fronto testatur. item sunt elocutiones, quarum una pars plena est: quae si conuertantur, habent aliquid superfluum. in Sallustio &quot;in tugurio mulieris ancillae&quot;: bene addidit 'ancillae'. at si dicas 'in tugurio ancillae mulieris', erit superfluum 'mulieris'; ancilla enim et condicionem ostendit et sexum. item &quot;res erat praetoribus nota solis&quot;. hoc suffecerat. male ergo addidit &quot;ignorabatur a ceteris&quot;. quod si conuertas, nihil esse superfluum inuenitur. 


{{ancora+|410|[[Aeneis/Liber I#410|410.]]}} {{sc|'''talibvs incvsat'''}}  incusare proprie est superiorem arguere, ut in Terentio pater ad filium &quot;quid me incusas Clitipho?&quot; accusare uero uel parem uel inferiorem, ut in eodem ad maritum uxor &quot;me miseram, quae nunc quam ob causam accuser nescio&quot;. et hoc proprietatis est, licet usus male ista corrumpat. sciendum tamen est Terentium propter solam proprietatem omnibus comicis esse praepositum, quibus est quantum ad cetera spectat inferior. 

{{ancora+|411|[[Aeneis/Liber I#411|411.]]}} {{sc|'''at venvs'''}}  ordo est 'at Venus dea'. {{sc|'''obscvro aere'''}} nebula, cuius definitio est. 

{{ancora+|412|[[Aeneis/Liber I#412|412.]]}} {{sc|'''circvm dea fvdit'''}}  figura est tmesis, quae fit cum secto uno sermone aliquid interponimus, ut alibi &quot;septem subiecta trioni&quot;. sed hoc tolerabile est in sermone conposito, ceterum in simplici nimis est asperum; quod tamen faciebat antiquitas, ut &quot;saxo cere comminuit brum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|413|[[Aeneis/Liber I#413|413.]]}} {{sc|'''cernere ne qvis eos'''}}  causa cur fecerit. ex hoc enim pendent cetera quae sequuntur. 

{{ancora+|414|[[Aeneis/Liber I#414|414.]]}} {{sc|'''moliri'''}} hic pro struere posuit et per hoc facere, ut infra &quot;molirique arcem&quot;. {{sc|'''avt veniendi poscere cavsas'''}} scilicet ne saepe narrando crebrum patiatur dolorem. unde melius ad Aeneam refertur &quot;medio sic interfata dolore est&quot;. 'poscere' autem nunc inquirere, alias petere. et praeponitur magis accusatiuo casui, dicimus enim posco magistrum lectionem, non a magistro posco. 

{{ancora+|415|[[Aeneis/Liber I#415|415.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa paphvm'''}}  ciuitatem Cypri. et non sine ratione est quod in decimo libro plura sibi loca grata uel sacrata commemoret, hic ad Paphum solam abisse dicatur, quia Varro et plures referunt in hoc tantum templo Veneris quibusuis maximis in circuitu pluuiis numquam inpluere. {{sc|'''svblimis'''}} diuino incessu. {{sc|'''svblimis'''}} id est sublimiter, nomen pro aduerbio. 

{{ancora+|416|[[Aeneis/Liber I#416|416.]]}} {{sc|'''laeta'''}} ecce proprium Veneris epitheton. uel 'laeta', quia tectum nebula filium in tuto habebat, uel quod insulam suam repetat; uel ideo Paphum reuisit laeta, quia serenis laeta congruunt, et necesse est ut laeta sit Venus ubi semper serenum est, quippe ubi pluere numquam dicatur. {{sc|'''sabaeo'''}} arabico. Arabiae autem tres sunt, inferior petrodes eudemon, in qua populi sunt Sabaei, apud quos nascitur tus. dicti autem Sabaei g-apo g-tou g-sebein, id est uenerari, quod deos per ipsorum tura ueneramur. 

{{ancora+|417|[[Aeneis/Liber I#417|417.]]}} {{sc|'''tvre calent arae sertisqve recentibvs halant'''}}  ecce unde supra dixit &quot;haud equidem tali me dignor honore&quot;, quia Aeneas hostias obtulerat, quarum hic mentio non fit. quod autem 'recentibus' dixit laus loci est, qui semper flore uestitur, ut omni tempore Veneri flores praesto esse uideantur. {{sc|'''sertis'''}} sertum et serta cum nihil adicitur dicimus, ut hoc loco: item alibi expressius &quot;serta procul, tantum capiti delapsa, iacebant&quot;. si autem sertos dixero, addo flores, si sertas, addo coronas, ut Lucanus &quot;accipiunt sertas nardo florente coronas&quot;. et hoc in multis nominibus obseruandum est, ut genus ex adiectione formetur: qua detracta in neutrum cedat necesse est, ut piscinalis locus, piscinalis cella, piscinale; sagmarius mulus, sagmaria mula, sagmarium. {{sc|'''halant'''}} pro olent. 

{{ancora+|418|[[Aeneis/Liber I#418|418.]]}} {{sc|'''corripvere viam'''}}  deest 'at illi'. {{sc|'''corripvere viam'''}} officium eundi celeriter arripuerunt; nec enim uia corripitur. 

{{ancora+|419|[[Aeneis/Liber I#419|419.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi plvrimvs'''}}  ex maxima parte urbi inminens. {{sc|'''qvi plvrimvs'''}} id est longus, ut ipse alio loco &quot;cui plurima ceruix&quot;, item &quot;cum se nux plurima&quot;, id est amygdala; longa namque est. 


{{ancora+|420|[[Aeneis/Liber I#420|420.]]}} {{sc|'''aspectat'''}} est ornatus cum animantur apsucha. {{sc|'''aspectat'''}} rei insensibili dat sensum. unde est illud in quarto de Atlante. item Sallustius &quot;Lyciae Pisidiaeque agros despectantem&quot;. {{sc|'''arces'''}} ciuitates, a parte totum. 

{{ancora+|421|[[Aeneis/Liber I#421|421.]]}} {{sc|'''miratvr molem aeneas'''}}  hoc ad ipsum refertur, {{sc|'''magalia qvondam'''}} hoc ad poetam; nec enim hoc nouit Aeneas. 'magalia' uero antistoechon est; nam debuit magaria dicere, quia magar, non magal Poenorum lingua uillam significat. Cato originum quarto &quot;magalia aedificia quasi cohortes rotundas&quot; dicit. alii magalia casas Poenorum pastorales dicunt. de his Sallustius &quot;quae mapalia&quot; sunt circumiecta ciuitati suburbana aedificia magalia. et alii Cassius Hemina docet ita &quot;Sinuessae magalia addenda murumque circum ea&quot;. 

{{ancora+|422|[[Aeneis/Liber I#422|422.]]}} {{sc|'''miratvr portas strepitvmqve e'''}} - S- V- quidam hoc 'portas et uias magalia quondam miratur' non simpliciter dictum uolunt, quoniam prudentes Etruscae disciplinae aiunt apud conditores Etruscarum urbium non putatas iustas urbes, in quibus non tres portae essent dedicatae et tot uiae et tot templa, Iouis Iunonis Mineruae. bene ergo miratur Aeneas, ubi fuerant magalia illic esse legitimam ciuitatem; nam et portas et uias uidebat et mox templum Iunoni ingens. {{sc|'''strata viarvm'''}} primi enim Poeni uias lapidibus strauisse dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|423|[[Aeneis/Liber I#423|423.]]}} {{sc|'''ardentes'''}} multi 'festinantes', ut &quot;iuuenum manus emicat ardens&quot; et &quot;ardet abire fuga&quot; et &quot;Laocoon ardens&quot;; sic enim dicit quotiens properantes uult ostendere: alii ardentes 'ingeniosi' accipiunt; nam per contrarium segnem, id est sine igni, ingenio carentem dicimus: unde et a Graeco uenit catus, id est ingeniosus g-apo g-tou g-kaiesthai. {{sc|'''dvcere mvros'''}} exaedificare. {{sc|'''dvcere mvros'''}} hoc est construendo in longitudinem producere; proprie enim cum aedificantur muri duci dicuntur. Sallustius historiarum II. &quot;murum ab angulo dexteri lateris ad paludem haud procul remotam duxit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|424|[[Aeneis/Liber I#424|424.]]}} {{sc|'''moliriqve arcem'''}}  molibus factis extollere. {{sc|'''moliri'''}} est extruere, huic contrarium demoliri. {{sc|'''et manibvs svbvolvere saxa'''}} cur manibus? an quia adhuc machinae non erant? an ad construentium festinationem referre uoluit? 

{{ancora+|425|[[Aeneis/Liber I#425|425.]]}} {{sc|'''optare'''}} eligere, ut &quot;tuus o regina quid optes&quot;. et &quot;optauitque locum regno&quot;. {{sc|'''tecto'''}} ad tectum nota figura. {{sc|'''svlco'''}} fossa: ciuitas enim, non domus circumdatur sulco: ut alibi &quot;ausim uel tenui uitem committere sulco&quot;. {{sc|'''svlco'''}} fossa fundamentorum. 

{{ancora+|426|[[Aeneis/Liber I#426|426.]]}} {{sc|'''legvnt'''}} eligunt. {{sc|'''ivra'''}} id est loca ubi iura dicantur aut magistratus creentur. et bene post conditam ciuitatem addidit 'iura' et 'magistratus' 'sanctumque senatum'. legitur apud quosdam, Brutum eos qui se in eiciendis regibus iuuissent legisse in consilium, eumque ordinem senatum appellatum, quod una sensissent, quod patricii essent, patres conscriptos. alii patres a plebe in consilium senatus separatos tradunt, alii conscriptos qui post a Seruio Tullio e plebe electi sunt. alii senatum a senectute hominum, quibi allecti erant, dictum uolunt, qui apud Graecos g-gerousia appellatur. 'sanctum' autem ideo quia senatus sanctissimus ordo dicitur. 

{{ancora+|427|[[Aeneis/Liber I#427|427.]]}} {{sc|'''portvs effodivnt'''}}  id est Cothona faciunt. {{sc|'''portvs effodivnt'''}} ut portus scilicet faciant. et uere ait, nam Carthaginienses Cothone fossa utuntur, non naturali portu. {{sc|'''alta theatri fvndamenta'''}} hinc futura magnitudo cognoscitur, quod 'alta fundamenta' ait. bene autem post res publicas priuatasque necessarias mentionem fecit theatri; aut quia ita Graecis urbs conditur, qui saepe spectaculis gaudent, aut, ut apud quosdam fuit, in honorem musicae scientiae. 

{{ancora+|428|[[Aeneis/Liber I#428|428.]]}} {{sc|'''colvmnas'''}} figurate 'columnas' 'decora' ait; diuersis enim significationibus idem dixit. et ab eo quod est hoc decus corripitur decoris. 


{{ancora+|430|[[Aeneis/Liber I#430|430.]]}} {{sc|'''qvalis apes'''}}  ordo est 'qualis labor'. {{sc|'''qvalis apes'''}} tertiae declinationis genetiuus pluralis et in 'ium' et in 'um' exit, sed tunc pro nostro arbitrio cum nominatiuus singularis 'ns' fuerit terminatus, ut amans et amantum et amantium dicimus. cum autem nominatiuus singularis 'r' fuerit terminatus, tantum in 'um' exit, ut pater patrum, murmur murmurum. reliqua uero nomina auctoritate firmamus, ut apis uel apum, uel apium. sane fabula de apibus talis est. apud Isthmon anus quaedam nomine Melissa fuit. hanc Ceres sacrorum suorum cum secreta docuisset, interminata est, ne cui ea quae didicisset aperiret; sed cum ad eam mulieres accessissent, ut ab ea primo blandimentis post precibus et praemiis elicerent, ut sibi a Cerere commissa patefaceret, atque in silentio perduraret, ab eisdem iratis mulieribus discerpta est. quam rem Ceres inmissa tam supra dictis feminis quam populo eius regionis pestilentia ulta est; de corpore uero Melissae apes nasci fecit. Latine autem g-melissa apis dicitur. {{sc|'''aestate nova'''}} incipiente, ut &quot;uere nouo&quot;. et bene 'noua', quia est et adulta et praeceps secundum Sallustium. {{sc|'''florea'''}} pro florida, ut &quot;nemora inter frondea turbam&quot;. aut florentia, nec enim de flore erant facta: floream coronam dicimus. {{sc|'''rvra'''}} graece g-aroura dicuntur. g-aphaeresis ergo sermonem fecit Latinum. 

{{ancora+|431|[[Aeneis/Liber I#431|431.]]}} {{sc|'''exercet'''}} fatigat, ut &quot;nate Iliacis exercite fatis&quot;. hoc autem participium ab exercitu, id est militum multitudine, declinatione discernimus; nam nomen quartae declinationis est, participium secundae, ut uisus, huius uisi uel uisus; passus, huius passi uel passus; auditus, huius auditi uel auditus. {{sc|'''exercet'''}} fatigat et subiecit, quibus rebus exercitae fatigentur. {{sc|'''svb sole'''}} in sole, ut &quot;namque sub ingenti lustrat dum singula templo&quot;, uel quamdiu sol est. {{sc|'''gentis fetvs'''}} ad laudem apum hoc pertinet. et bene 'gentis fetus', quia non singulae de singulis nascuntur, sed omnes ex omnibus, quod in quarto georgicorum melius intellegitur. 

{{ancora+|432|[[Aeneis/Liber I#432|432.]]}} {{sc|'''advltos edvcvnt'''}}  producunt, quia adhuc adolescunt, ut adulti fiant, non adoleuerint, ut adultos dicimus minores: et hoc sic dixit, ut &quot;inbellem auertis Romanis arcibus Indum&quot;. {{sc|'''liqventia'''}} defaecata, sine sordibus, ut &quot;nec tantum dulcia, quantum et liquida&quot;, id est pura: nam pura mella constat esse meliora. 

{{ancora+|433|[[Aeneis/Liber I#433|433.]]}} {{sc|'''stipant'''}} densent. translatio a nauibus, in quibus stipula interponitur uasis, quam stipam dicunt. {{sc|'''distendvnt'''}} implent, ut &quot;denso distendere pingui&quot;. {{sc|'''nectare'''}} melle: abusus est propter suauitatis similitudinem. {{sc|'''cellas'''}} et hic abusus est, ut fauorum cauernas uel aluearia cellas uocaret, ut alibi thesauros. traxit autem a reponendi similitudine, uel a celando, unde cellam appellauerunt. {{sc|'''agmine'''}} nunc impetu. 

{{ancora+|435|[[Aeneis/Liber I#435|435.]]}} {{sc|'''ignavvm'''}} inutile, non aptum industriae; nam industrios nauos dicimus. {{sc|'''fvcos'''}} secundum Plinium apum multa sunt genera. proprie tamen apes uocantur ortae de bubus, fuci de equis, crabrones de mulis, uespae de asinis. fucus autem est secundum Aemilium Macrum &quot;maior ape, crabrone minor&quot;. {{sc|'''pecvs'''}} dicimus omne quod humana lingua et effigie caret, id est a pascendo. unde Horatius &quot;omne cum Proteus pecus egit altos uisere montes&quot;. Plautus &quot;clurinum pecus&quot; simiam dixit. {{sc|'''praesepibvs'''}} alueariis. et est translatio, quae fit quotiens uel deest uerborum proprietas, uel uitatur iteratio. 

{{ancora+|436|[[Aeneis/Liber I#436|436.]]}} {{sc|'''fervet'''}} concelebratur, ut contra 'friget' cessat dicimus, ut Terentius &quot;nimirum hic homines frigent&quot;. {{sc|'''redolent'''}} quidam olere res uel malas uel bonas, redolere tantum bonas tradunt. {{sc|'''fragrantia'''}} quotiens incendium significatur, quod flatu alitur, per 'l' dicimus, quotiens odor, qui fracta specie maior est, per 'r' dicimus. sciendum sane nihil in hac uacare conparatione. nam Poenorum operi apum labor, custodiae litorum aduersum alienigenas fucorum conparatur expulsio. 

{{ancora+|437|[[Aeneis/Liber I#437|437.]]}} {{sc|'''o fortvnati qvorvm iam moenia svrgvnt'''}}  bene 'fortunati', quia iam faciunt quod ipse desiderat. {{sc|'''o fortvnati'''}} expressit Aeneae desiderium. {{sc|'''qvorvm iam moenia svrgvnt'''}} laus uel ab ipsa re sumitur quae laudatur. 

{{ancora+|438|[[Aeneis/Liber I#438|438.]]}} {{sc|'''fastigia'''}} nunc operis summitates, alibi ima significat, ut &quot;forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras&quot;. {{sc|'''svspicit'''}} miratur, ut e contrario 'despicit' contemnit significat. 

{{ancora+|439|[[Aeneis/Liber I#439|439.]]}} {{sc|'''mirabile dictv'''}}  ob hoc quod sequitur, quia mixtus cunctis latebat. potest tamen hoc et superiori et inferiori sensui addi. 


{{ancora+|440|[[Aeneis/Liber I#440|440.]]}} {{sc|'''per medios'''}}  figura est; nam planum fuerat 'mediis se infert'. {{sc|'''miscetqve'''}} deest 'se'. {{sc|'''neqve cernitvr vlli'''}} neque ab ullo cernitur; et est Graecum g-oudeni g-horohmenos, ut &quot;scriberis Vario&quot;, id est scribet te Varius. 

{{ancora+|441|[[Aeneis/Liber I#441|441.]]}} {{sc|'''lvcvs'''}} ubicumque Vergilius lucum ponit, sequitur etiam consecratio, ut &quot;luco tum forte parentis Pilumni Turnus sacrata ualle sedebat&quot;. unde et in sexto &quot;nulli certa domus, lucis habitamus opacis&quot;; dicuntur enim heroum animae lucos tenere. et mox sequitur 'hic templum Iunoni ingens'. 'lucus' autem dicitur quod non luceat, non quod sint ibi lumina causa religionis, ut quidam uolunt. {{sc|'''in vrbe fvit media'''}} nunc iam in media. {{sc|'''laetissimvs vmbra'''}} aut septimus est, aut secundum Probum genetiuus, ut sit 'laetissimus umbrae', sicut Sallustius &quot;frugum pabulique laetus ager&quot;. 

{{ancora+|442|[[Aeneis/Liber I#442|442.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo primvm'''}}  hoc est, simulac uenerunt; nec enim secundo ad Africam uentum est. ordo est 'quo primum loco'. 

{{ancora+|443|[[Aeneis/Liber I#443|443.]]}} {{sc|'''effodere loco signvm'''}}  historia hoc habet, quam more suo Vergilius per transitum tangit. Dido fratrem fugiens cum transiret per quandam insulam Iunonis, illic accepit oraculum et sacerdotem eius secum abstulit, cum ei parum crederet promittenti Carthaginis sedes. quo cum uenissent, sacerdos elegit locum faciendae urbi, quo effosso inuentum est caput bouis. quod cum displicuisset, quia bos semper subiugatus est, alio loco effosso caput equi inuentum placuit, quia hoc animal licet subiugetur, bellicosum tamen est et uincit et plerumque concordat, ut ipse plenissime in illo loco &quot;bello armantur equi, bellum haec armenta minantur. sed tamen idem olim curru succedere sueti quadrupedes et frena iugo concordia ferre: spes est pacis ait&quot;. illic ergo Iunoni templa fecerunt. unde et bellicosa est Carthago per equi omen, et fertilis per bouis. sane fodere est tantum sollicitare terram, effodere hoc ipsum faciendo aliquid eruere uel inuenire: cui contrarium est infodere. ordo autem est 'lucus in urbe fuit media laetissimus umbra, quo loco iactati Poeni undis et turbine effodere caput acris equi, quod regia Iuno signum monstrauerat'. {{sc|'''regia'''}} regina. 

{{ancora+|444|[[Aeneis/Liber I#444|444.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod regia ivno monstrarat'''}}  monstro dederat. et ut diximus tangit historiam. {{sc|'''acris eqvi'''}} epitheton magis aptum equis, ut &quot;canibus blandis&quot;, quia natura blandi sunt. 

{{ancora+|445|[[Aeneis/Liber I#445|445.]]}} {{sc|'''et facilem victv'''}}  propter bouem: quod licet nunc non dicat, tamen ex historia sumit. 'facilem' autem, copiosam, diuitem. Terentius &quot;quam uos facillime agitis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|446|[[Aeneis/Liber I#446|446.]]}} {{sc|'''hic templvm ivnoni ingens'''}}  superius dictum est quod Vergilius ubique lucos consecratos uelit accipi, unde tamquam in loco sacro inducit Didonem Iunoni templa construere. morem autem Romanum ueterem tangit: antiqui enim aedes sacras ita templa faciebant, ut prius per augures locus liberaretur effareturque, tum demum a pontificibus consecraretur, ac post ibidem sacra edicerentur. erant tamen templa in quibus auspicato et publice res administrarentur et senatus haberi posset, erant tantum sacra. hic ergo et sacrum templum, quod in luco, id est in loco sacro conditur, docet, et administrari in templo rem publicam subsequentibus uersibus indicat 'iura dabat legesque uiris operumque laborem p- a- i- a- s- t-' alibi tantum sacra esse templa, alibi omnia ubi agi posse, locis suis monstrabitur. {{sc|'''sidonia'''}} licet ⟨et⟩ Sidon ciuitas sit Phoenices, tamen hic pro Tyria posuit. sane quidam opportune hic Sidoniam uolunt positam, ut ostenderet locupletem: Sidonii enim locupletes habiti sunt, ut &quot;Sidonias ostentat opes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|447|[[Aeneis/Liber I#447|447.]]}} {{sc|'''donis opvlentvm et nvmine divae'''}}  aut simulacrum quoque aureum fuit et numen pro simulacro posuit, ut &quot;media inter numina diuum&quot;. hinc Cicero &quot;sese iam ne deos quidem ad quos confugerent habere&quot;; aut uult ostendere plenum esse praesentia numinis templum: aut certe uenerabile numine. 

{{ancora+|448|[[Aeneis/Liber I#448|448.]]}} {{sc|'''aerea'''}} uel quod aes magis ueteres in usu habebant, uel quod religioni apta est haec materies, denique flamen Dialis aereis cultris tondebatur: aut quia uocalius ceteris metallis, aut quia medici aere quaedam uulnera curant, aut dicit quia ueteres magis aere usi sunt aut certe aerea saecula significantur: nam ut Hesiodus dicit, tempore quo haec gesta sunt aereum saeculum fuit. {{sc|'''nexaeqve aere trabes'''}} multi 'nixae' legunt, non 'nexae', iuxta Varronem qui ait &quot;trisulcae fores, pessulis libratae, dehiscunt, graues atque innixae in cardinum tardos turbines&quot;. quidam trabes aeneas putant ipsum templum chalkioikon significari. uersus sane ipse hypermetros est. 

{{ancora+|449|[[Aeneis/Liber I#449|449.]]}} {{sc|'''foribvs'''}} fores proprie dicuntur quae foras aperiuntur, sicut apud ueteres fuit; ualuae autem sunt, ut dicit Varro, &quot;quae reuoluuntur et se uelant&quot;. ianua autem est primus domus ingressus, dicta quia Iano consecratum est omne principium. cetera intra ianuam ostia uocantur generaliter, siue ualuae sint, siue fores: quamuis usus ista corruperit. CARDO 'cardo' dictus quasi cor ianuae, quo mouetur. {{sc|'''stridebat aenis'''}} ad sua rettulit tempora. cautum enim fuerat post proditum hostibus a Tarpeia uirgine Capitolium, ut aerei cardines fierent, quorum stridor posset aperta ostia omnibus indicare. 


{{ancora+|450|[[Aeneis/Liber I#450|450.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc primvm in lvco'''}}  secuta sunt enim et alia, quae detraxere formidinem. {{sc|'''timorem'''}} multi quaerunt, cur post uisam matrem quicquam timuerit: quod tamen alii sic soluunt, ut dicant, ne tunc quidem Aeneam Venerem quam uiderat esse credidisse, cuius, ut ipse putabat, agnitae nulla uerba perceperat. sed uera solutio haec est: Venus nihil de Afrorum moribus, unde nunc formidat Aeneas, sed de classe liberata dixerat filio. uel quia non in totum Aeneas matris fiducia confirmandus est, ne nihil supersit magnanimitati et laudibus uiri fortis. sciendum tamen est in Vergilio interdum ualidiora esse obiecta purgatis, uel contra, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|451|[[Aeneis/Liber I#451|451.]]}} {{sc|'''leniit'''}} quartae coniugationis tempus praeteritum perfectum uel in 'ui' iunctam exit, uel sublata digammo in 'ii' pro nostro arbitrio, ut leniui lenii, audiui audii. sane cum in 'ui' exit, paenultima longa est et ipsa accentum retinet; cum uero in 'ii', paenultima breuis est et perdit accentum, quia, ut supra diximus &quot;unius ob noxam&quot;, quotiens uocalis uocalem sequitur detrahit longitudinem praecedenti; sed hoc in metro, ubi necessitas cogit; nam in prosa et naturam suam et accentum retentat. nunc ergo 'leniit' tertia a fine habet accentum, quia paenultima breuis est. sane plerumque accentum suum retinet etiam sermo corruptus, ut Mercuri Domiti Ouidi tertia a fine habere debuit accentum, quia paenultima breuis est, sed constat haec nomina apocopen pertulisse: nam apud maiores idem erat uocatiuus qui et nominatiuus, ut hi Mercurius et o Mercurius: unde 'cu' licet breuis sit, etiam post apocopen suum seruat accentum. 

{{ancora+|452|[[Aeneis/Liber I#452|452.]]}} {{sc|'''avsvs'''}} bene 'ausus', quia inter incerta satis audacter salus speratur. ADFLICTIS 'de adflictis'; nec enim esse septimus casus potest. CONFIDERE ⟨et⟩ fido et confido datiuum regit, ut &quot;et fidere nocti&quot;. sane optima figura est quae numquam a principalitate discedit, ut &quot;atque humiles habitare casas&quot; accusatiuo iunxit, quia habeo domum dicimus, unde est habito frequentatiuum. 

{{ancora+|453|[[Aeneis/Liber I#453|453.]]}} {{sc|'''svb templo'''}}  hoc est in templo, ut supra. 

{{ancora+|454|[[Aeneis/Liber I#454|454.]]}} {{sc|'''reginam opperiens'''}}  aut quam intellegebat esse uenturam ex artificum festinatione: aut certe uidendae reginae occasionem requirens. {{sc|'''qvae fortvna'''}} felicitas. et 'quae' hic admirandi significatus. 

{{ancora+|455|[[Aeneis/Liber I#455|455.]]}} {{sc|'''artificvmqve manvs inter se'''}}  hoc est, habebat artificum conparationem. 'inter se' autem inter se certantium, an aliquid tale. 

{{ancora+|456|[[Aeneis/Liber I#456|456.]]}} {{sc|'''ex ordine'''}}  hoc loco ostendit omnem pugnam esse depictam, sed haec tantum dicit quae aut Diomedes gessit aut Achilles: per quod excusatur Aeneas, si est a fortibus uictus. sane pugna est temporale certamen, idem et proelium significat; bellum autem uniuersi temporis dicitur, ut Punicum, Mithridaticum. Sallustius &quot;ita sperat pugnam illam pro omni bello futuram&quot;. Liuius &quot;ni Pyrrhus unicus pugnandi artifex magisque in proelio, quam bello bonus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|457|[[Aeneis/Liber I#457|457.]]}} {{sc|'''totvm vvlgata per orbem'''}}  quia Europa intulit, Asia passa est, Africa iam depingit. 

{{ancora+|458|[[Aeneis/Liber I#458|458.]]}} {{sc|'''atridas'''}} Atrei filios, Agamemnonem et Menelaum; sed usurpatum est, nam Plisthenis filii fuerunt. {{sc|'''saevvm ambobvs achillem'''}} atqui tres dixit, sed Atridas pro uno accipe, quos unius partis constat fuisse. an 'ambobus' Agamemnoni tantum et Priamo? an ambobus exercitibus? Graecis propter suam de Briseide iniuriam, Troianis propter Helenam, et 'ambobus' pro utrisque arte hunc. 


{{ancora+|460|[[Aeneis/Liber I#460|460.]]}} {{sc|'''plena laboris'''}}  plenus genetiuo melius iungitur, ut Terentius &quot;plenus rimarum sum&quot;. Plautus &quot;dedecoris pleniorem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|461|[[Aeneis/Liber I#461|461.]]}} {{sc|'''en priamvs'''}}  laus picturae est, per quam non imago, sed prope ipse ostenditur Priamus. {{sc|'''svnt hic etiam sva praemia lavdi'''}} ut supra diximus, omnis Aeneae sollicitudo de moribus Afrorum est, quam nunc picturae contemplatione deponit. qui enim bella depingunt, et uirtutem diligunt et miseratione tanguntur. {{sc|'''sva'''}} id est congrua, ut &quot;strueremque suis altaria donis&quot;. {{sc|'''lavdi'''}} uirtuti, ut &quot;primam merui qui laude coronam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|462|[[Aeneis/Liber I#462|462.]]}} {{sc|'''mortalia'''}} aduersa, quibus constat subiacere mortales. alii mortales casus accipiunt, uel absolute g-ta g-anthrohpina. 

{{ancora+|463|[[Aeneis/Liber I#463|463.]]}} {{sc|'''solve metvm'''}}  collectio est. nam ubi uirtus praemia, aduersa miserationem merentur, rite formido deponitur. {{sc|'''feret'''}} pro adferet. et hic reddidit &quot;hoc primum in luco noua res oblata timorem leniit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|464|[[Aeneis/Liber I#464|464.]]}} {{sc|'''inani'''}} epitheton est picturae, aut quia caret corporum quae imitatur plenitudine, aut quia nullius est utilitatis, sed tantum delectat; nam apud ueteres g-mataiotechnia uel g-pseudotechnia dicta est. 'pascit' autem delectat, ut &quot;non animum modo uti pascat prospectus inanem&quot;; uel ut quidam uolunt ad stupentis animum rettulit, qui uel inanibus commouebatur. 

{{ancora+|465|[[Aeneis/Liber I#465|465.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta gemens'''}}  graecum est g-polla g-stenazohn. {{sc|'''largoqve vmectat flvmine vvltvm'''}} tapinosis est quia dixit 'umectat'. 'largo' nam 'flumine' est fluore, id est fluxu ipso. 

{{ancora+|466|[[Aeneis/Liber I#466|466.]]}} {{sc|'''pergama circvm'''}}  abusiue; non enim circa Pergama, hoc est arcem, sed circa Troiam bella gerebantur. 

{{ancora+|467|[[Aeneis/Liber I#467|467.]]}} {{sc|'''troianae ivventvs'''}}  definitio est Hectoris, ut &quot;Catillusque acerque Coras, Argiua iuuentus&quot;. et re uera sic paene ubique Homerus ponit, ut Hectori tantum uel Achilli totus cedat exercitus. 

{{ancora+|468|[[Aeneis/Liber I#468|468.]]}} {{sc|'''hac phryges'''}}  bene ubique Vergilius pro negotii qualitate dat Troianis et nomina. nam timidos Phrygas uocat, ut hoc loco, item &quot;o uere Phrygiae, neque enim Phryges&quot;; Dardanidas generosos, ut &quot;Dardanidae magni genus alto a sanguine diuum&quot;; Laomedontiadas perfidos, ut &quot;nondum Laomedonteae sentis periuria gentis&quot;; Troas fortes, ut &quot;Troes agunt, princeps turmas inducit Asilas&quot;; Hectoreos quoque fortes, ut &quot;nunc nunc insurgite remis, Hectorei socii&quot;. {{sc|'''cristatvs achilles'''}} secundum Homerum, qui dicit in Achillis cristis terribile quiddam fuisse. 'cristatus' autem participium est deriuatum a genere feminino. 

{{ancora+|469|[[Aeneis/Liber I#469|469.]]}} {{sc|'''nec procvl hinc rhesi'''}}  Rhesus rex Thraciae fuit, ⟨ut⟩ quidam tradunt Martis, ut alii Hebri uel Strymonis et Euterpes Musae filius: qui cum ad Troiae uenisset auxilia clausisque iam portis tentoria locauisset in litore, Dolone prodente Troiano, qui missus fuerat speculator, a Diomede et Vlixe est interfectus, qui et ipsi speculatum uenerant; abductique sunt equi, quibus pendebant fata Troiana, ut, si pabulo Troiano usi essent uel de Xantho Troiae fluuio bibissent, Troia perire non posset. 


{{ancora+|470|[[Aeneis/Liber I#470|470.]]}} {{sc|'''primo somno'''}}  prima parte noctis, ut &quot;libra die somnique pares ubi fecerit horas&quot;. aut 'primo somno', ut grauiorem ostenderet somnum; aut prima nocte, quia ante Rhesus in Troia non fuerat. 

{{ancora+|471|[[Aeneis/Liber I#471|471.]]}} {{sc|'''tydides'''}} Diomedes. et bene Vlixen celat propter Aeneam, ut supra diximus, aut quia secundum Homerum occidente Diomede cadauera ulixes trahebat. 

{{ancora+|472|[[Aeneis/Liber I#472|472.]]}} {{sc|'''ardentes'''}} et candidos significat et ueloces, ut &quot;pernicibus ignea plantis&quot;. si ignea uelox est, sine dubio et ardens. 

{{ancora+|473|[[Aeneis/Liber I#473|473.]]}} {{sc|'''xanthvm'''}} fluuium Troiae. 

{{ancora+|474|[[Aeneis/Liber I#474|474.]]}} {{sc|'''parte alia fvgiens amissis troilvs armis'''}}  'parte alia' scilicet templi. et ueritas quidem hoc habet: Troili amore Achillem ductum palumbes ei quibus ille delectabatur obiecisse: quas cum uellet tenere, captus ab Achille in eius amplexibus periit. sed hoc quasi indignum heroo carmine mutauit poeta. {{sc|'''fvgiens'''}} fugere uolens accepto iam uulnere. {{sc|'''amissis armis'''}} uel aetatis inbecillitate, uel uulneris dolore incipientibus. 

{{ancora+|475|[[Aeneis/Liber I#475|475.]]}} {{sc|'''infelix'''}} multi hoc loco distinguunt et subiungunt 'puer atque inpar congressus Achilli', ut ex eo inparem ostendat, quod puer; sed tamen etiam si iungas 'puer', unus est sensus. {{sc|'''atqve inpar'''}} ac si diceret, etiam si puer non esset. {{sc|'''congressvs achilli'''}} congredior tibi antiqui dicebant, sicut pugno tibi, dimico tibi. hodie dicimus congredior tecum, pugno tecum, dimico tecum. 

{{ancora+|476|[[Aeneis/Liber I#476|476.]]}} {{sc|'''fertvr eqvis'''}}  trahitur. {{sc|'''cvrrv'''}} curribus falcatis usos esse maiores et Liuius et Sallustius docent. potuerunt ergo et simplicibus. {{sc|'''resvpinvs'''}} resupinus quo modo hastam trahebat? sed intellegitur Achillis hastam transisse per pectus et a parte qua ferrum est a tergo trahi. {{sc|'''inani'''}} sine rectore; nam corpus haerebat. 

{{ancora+|477|[[Aeneis/Liber I#477|477.]]}} {{sc|'''lora tenens tamen'''}}  quamquam mortuus. 

{{ancora+|478|[[Aeneis/Liber I#478|478.]]}} {{sc|'''versa'''}} tracta, ut Plautus &quot;inueniam omnia uersa, sparsa&quot;. uenit autem ab eo quod est uerror. {{sc|'''inscribitvr'''}} dilaceratur, ut Plautus &quot;corpus tuum uirgis ulmeis inscribam&quot;. {{sc|'''hasta'''}} hostili scilicet, quam sicut dictum est transfixus trahebat. 

{{ancora+|479|[[Aeneis/Liber I#479|479.]]}} {{sc|'''interea'''}} dum haec geruntur. et satis opportune a matribus festinatur ad templum, ut alibi &quot;nec non ad templum summasque ad Palladis arces&quot;. {{sc|'''interea ad templvm'''}} cum Diomedes auxilio Mineruae plurimos Troianorum fudisset, Helenus, Priami filius, uates monuit, ut Mineruae numen exoraretur, et cum precibus deae ponerent uestem quam regina speciosissimam habebat, id est peplum, unde post Mineruae palla peplum appellata est. dea tamen, memor iudicii Paridis, Troianis infesta permansit. et mire in pictura temporali aduerbio quamuis non possit. {{sc|'''non aeqvae'''}} id est iniquae, infestae. litotes figura est, ut alibi &quot;et uacuis Clanius non aequus acerris&quot;. 


{{ancora+|480|[[Aeneis/Liber I#480|480.]]}} {{sc|'''passis'''}} participium est ab eo quod est 'pandor'. ideo autem non facit 'pansus', quia plerumque 'n', quod in prima uerbi positione inuenitur, in praeterito participio non est. de qua re euphonia iudicat, ut ab eo quod est 'tundor' et 'tunsus' facit, ut &quot;tunsae pectora palmis&quot;, et 'tusus', ut &quot;non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni&quot;. sciendum tamen est, licet alia euphoniae causa uarientur uel in generibus uel in numeris, 'nactus' tamen et 'passus' 'n' penitus numquam accipere. {{sc|'''peplvmqve ferebant'''}} peplum proprie est palla picta feminea Mineruae consecrata, ut Plautus &quot;numquam ad ciuitatem uenio, nisi cum infertur peplum&quot;. hodie tamen multi abutuntur hoc nomine. 

{{ancora+|481|[[Aeneis/Liber I#481|481.]]}} {{sc|'''svppliciter tristes'''}}  ut decet rogantes. et bene addidit 'suppliciter', quia et per iracundiam, et per grauitatem, et per religionem, et per dolorem tristes sumus. {{sc|'''svppliciter tristes'''}} hoc est rogantes cum tristitia. {{sc|'''tvnsae pectora'''}} ut &quot;oculos suffusa&quot;. 

{{ancora+|482|[[Aeneis/Liber I#482|482.]]}} {{sc|'''aversa'''}} irata significat. nec enim poterat conuertere se simulacrum. sic alibi &quot;talia dicentem iamdudum auersa tuetur&quot; si tuetur, quomodo auersa, nisi iratam intellegas? ergo auersa ad animum refertur. 

{{ancora+|483|[[Aeneis/Liber I#483|483.]]}} {{sc|'''ter circvm iliacos'''}}  hoc ad Aeneam referendum est, qui sciebat. {{sc|'''ter circvm iliacos'''}} apud auctores multa ad sensum, non ad aspectum possunt referri. tertio enim tractum intellegere possumus, non in pictura conspicere. unde est et illud &quot;mulcere alternos et corpora fingere lingua&quot;. aut certe tale erat in pictura corpus, ut in eo appareret frequentis raptationis iniuria. sane huius rei ordo talis est. Patroclus cum iratum Achillem propter Briseidem sublatam ut aduersum Troianos pugnaret exorare non posset, petit ab eo arma quae Peleo Vulcanus fecerat; quibus indutus dum Achilles crederetur, fugatis Troianis omnibus etiam plurimos interemit, ipse uero ab Hectore occisus est. quo dolore Achilles conpulsus, inpetratis per matrem a Vulcano armis, Hectorem proelio superatum peremit, eiusque corpus ad currum religatum circa muros Ilii traxit, quod post placatus auro repensum Priamo reddidit. {{sc|'''raptaverat'''}} bene forma usus est frequentatiua, per quam ostendit quod per numerum dixerat. 

{{ancora+|484|[[Aeneis/Liber I#484|484.]]}} {{sc|'''exanimvm'''}} exanimus et exanimis dicimus, sicut unanimus et unanimis, inermus et inermis. ergo pro nostro arbitrio aut secundae erunt declinationis, aut tertiae; sed a tertia ablatiuum singularem in i mittunt, quia communis sunt generis. exanimis autem est mortuus, ut hic indicat locus, exanimatus uero timens, ut &quot;exanimata sequens inpingeret agmina muris&quot;. {{sc|'''vendebat'''}} ingenti arte utitur uerbis: nam hoc loco, quia pingi potuit, praesens tempus posuit, superius, quia pingi non potuit, sed referri, perfecto exsecutus est tempore dicendo 'raptauerat', non 'raptabat'. 

{{ancora+|485|[[Aeneis/Liber I#485|485.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm vero ingentem gemitvm'''}}  iam enim superius eum lacrimasse dixerat: hoc ergo addidit uisum Hectoris corpus, ut etiam grauiter gemeret. non ergo tum primum, sed tum maxime. 

{{ancora+|486|[[Aeneis/Liber I#486|486.]]}} {{sc|'''vt cvrrvs'''}}  quo tractus est. {{sc|'''amici'''}} autem plus est, quam si Hectoris diceret. alibi &quot;paruumque patri tendebat Iulum&quot;, cum potuerit dicere 'mihi'. 

{{ancora+|487|[[Aeneis/Liber I#487|487.]]}} {{sc|'''manvs inermes'''}}  aut sine sceptro, aut supplices, ut &quot;dextras tendamus inermes&quot;: quod tractum est de historia; qui enim se dedunt, inermes supplicant. aut re uera inermes tunc; contra Pyrrhum enim processit armatus. sane per transitum historiam tetigit, quia constat Priamum, cum ad supplicandum tentorium Achillis fuisset ingressus, dormientem Achillem excitauisse, ut pro filii corpore rogaret eum, cum eum potuisset occidere: licet hoc Homerus propter Achillis turpitudinem supprimat. 

{{ancora+|488|[[Aeneis/Liber I#488|488.]]}} {{sc|'''se qvoqve principibvs permixtvm agnovit achivis'''}}  aut latenter proditionem tangit, ut supra diximus: ut excusatur ab ipso in secundo &quot;Iliaci cineres&quot; et cetera: aut uirtutem eius uult ostendere; nimiae enim fortitudinis est inter hostium tela uersari, ut Sallustius &quot;Catilina longe a suis inter hostilia cadauera repertus est&quot;. Cornutus tamen dicit uersu isto &quot;uadimus inmixti Danais&quot; hoc esse soluendum. 

{{ancora+|489|[[Aeneis/Liber I#489|489.]]}} {{sc|'''eoas'''}} 'e' naturaliter longa est, fit tamen breuis interdum cum eam uocalis sequitur, ut &quot;primo surgebat Eoo&quot;. {{sc|'''nigri memnonis arma'''}} quia Tithonus, frater Laomedontis, raptus ab Aurora filium suum Memnonem ex ipsa progenitum, inlectus dono uitis aureae Priamo ad Troiae misit auxilia. qui congressus cum Achille ab eo est interemptus, cuius mortem mater Aurora hodieque matutino rore flere dicitur. 'nigri' autem dixit Aethiopis, unde prima consurgit Aurora. {{sc|'''arma'''}} vulcania, ut ille indicat uersus &quot;te potuit lacrimis Tithonia flectere coniunx&quot;. 


{{ancora+|490|[[Aeneis/Liber I#490|490.]]}} {{sc|'''dvcit amazonidvm'''}}  hoc est quod supra dixit &quot;uidet Iliacas ex ordine pugnas&quot;. Homerus enim haec omnia tacuit quae facta sunt post Hectoris mortem. 'Amazonidum' autem deriuatio est pro principalitate, sicut &quot;Scipiadas duros bello&quot; pro Scipionibus. sane Amazones dictae sunt uel quod simul uiuant sine uiris, quasi g-hama g-zosai, uel quod unam mammam exustam habeant, quasi g-aneu g-mazou. has autem iam non esse constat, utpote extinctas partim ab Hercule, partim ab Achille. {{sc|'''peltis'''}} scutis breuissimis in modum lunae iam mediae. {{sc|'''lvnatis'''}} autem participium a feminino genere deriuatum. 

{{ancora+|491|[[Aeneis/Liber I#491|491.]]}} {{sc|'''penthesilea fvrens'''}}  furentem ideo dixit, quia sororem suam in uenatione confixit simulans se ceruam ferire. sed hoc per transitum tangit, nam furor bellicus intellegitur. an 'furens', quia maiora uiribus audebat. haec tamen Martis et Otreres filia fuit, quam Achilles cum aduersum se pugnantem peremisset post mortem eius adamauit eamque honorifice sepeliuit. 'ducit' autem et 'ardet' ad laudem picturae pertinet. 

{{ancora+|492|[[Aeneis/Liber I#492|492.]]}} {{sc|'''avrea'''}} amphibolon est hoc loco, utrum ipsa aurea, an aurea cingula. sciendum tamen plerumque amphiboliam metri ratione dissolui, ut &quot;aurea composuit sponda&quot; Dido 'aurea': si enim ad spondam referas, non stat uersus. {{sc|'''svbnectens'''}} subnexa habens. {{sc|'''exertae'''}} nudatae; nudant enim quam adusserint mammam. 

{{ancora+|493|[[Aeneis/Liber I#493|493.]]}} {{sc|'''virgo'''}} et sexum ostendit et aetatem. {{sc|'''virgo'''}} plus dixit, quam si feminam diceret. figuram tamen Graecam facit. 

{{ancora+|495|[[Aeneis/Liber I#495|495.]]}} {{sc|'''dvm stvpet'''}}  aut absolute, aut dum haec stupet. {{sc|'''obtvtv'''}} aspectu. {{sc|'''in vno'''}} in unoquoque, hoc est singula mirabatur. 

{{ancora+|496|[[Aeneis/Liber I#496|496.]]}} {{sc|'''forma'''}} ut &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. 

{{ancora+|497|[[Aeneis/Liber I#497|497.]]}} {{sc|'''incessit'''}} ut &quot;incedunt pueri&quot;; sed hic 'interuenit'. {{sc|'''stipante caterva'''}} ad hoc tantum sequens pertinet comparatio, quam uituperant multi, nescientes exempla uel parabolas uel conparationes adsumptas non semper usquequaque congruere, sed interdum omni parte, interdum aliqua conuenire. 

{{ancora+|498|[[Aeneis/Liber I#498|498.]]}} {{sc|'''evrotae ripis'''}}  fluuii Laconicae. {{sc|'''cynthi'''}} montis Deli, in quo natam constat Dianam. sane Dianam ueteres ideo melius producebant, quia sub diuo dea sit uenandi gratia. 

{{ancora+|499|[[Aeneis/Liber I#499|499.]]}} {{sc|'''exercet diana choros'''}}  hoc non ad conparationem pertinet, sed est poeticae descriptionis euagatio, quia chori nec personis hic nec locis congruunt; saltantium enim et cantantium dicuntur. {{sc|'''mille'''}} finitus numerus pro infinito; nam de nympharum numero uaria est opinio. 


{{ancora+|500|[[Aeneis/Liber I#500|500.]]}} {{sc|'''oreades'''}} nymphae montium Oreades dicuntur, siluarum Dryades, quae cum siluis nascuntur Amadryades, fontium Napeae uel Naides, maris uero Nereides. 

{{ancora+|502|[[Aeneis/Liber I#502|502.]]}} {{sc|'''tacitvm'''}} maior enim est taciturnitatis adfectus, ut supra &quot;haec secum&quot;. sic Terentius &quot;ut mecum tacita gaudeam&quot;. {{sc|'''tacitvm'''}} pro tacite, ut &quot;tacitumque obsedit limen Amatae&quot;; aut tacita gaudet. {{sc|'''pertemptant'''}} modo uehementer temptant. alibi leuiter, ut &quot;blanda uicissim gaudia pertemptant mentem&quot;. sunt enim multa quae pro locis intelleguntur, ut 'inpotens' et satis et minus et nihil potens significat. {{sc|'''instans operi'''}} zeugma est ad sequentia pertinens. 

{{ancora+|504|[[Aeneis/Liber I#504|504.]]}} {{sc|'''regnisqve fvtvris'''}}  regnaturae Carthagini; nam ipsa iam regnabat. 

{{ancora+|505|[[Aeneis/Liber I#505|505.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm foribvs divae'''}}  instans praecipue foribus. et hoc loco distinguendum est; magno enim studio et labore templorum fores fiebant, quas quibusdam insignibant historiis, ut &quot;in foribus letum Androgei&quot;, item &quot;in foribus pugnam ex auro solidoque elephanto&quot;. quamuis quidam iungant 'tum foribus diuae media testudine templi', ut unum intellegas tectum templi et pronai: quod si est, sub medio tecto sunt fores. sed prima melior expositio est. {{sc|'''testvdine'''}} camera incurua, id est fornicata, quae secundum eos qui scripserunt de ratione templorum, ideo sic fit, ut simulacro caeli imaginem reddat, quod constat esse conuexum. quidam tradunt apud ueteres omnia templa in modum testudinis facta, at uero sequenti aetate diuinis simulacris positis, nihilominus in templis factas esse testudines, quod Varro ait, ut separatum esset, ubi metus esset, ubi religio administraretur. bene ergo, cum de templo loqueretur, addidit ei testudinem. idem Varro de lingua Latina ad Ciceronem &quot;in aedibus locus patulus relinquebatur sub diuo, qui si non erat relictus et contectus erat, appellabatur testudo&quot;. Cicero in Bruto &quot;commentatum in ⟨quadam testudine cum seruis litteratis fuisse⟩&quot;. quidam testudinem locum in parte atrii uolunt aduersum uenientibus. alii hunc ordinem uolunt 'tum foribus diuae templi resedit, media scutorum testudine', quia saepta armis erat. hoc sane genus fabricae ab animalis similitudine quae testudo uocatur captum est: de qua fabula talis est. uirgo quaedam nomine Chelone, linguae inpatientis fuit. uerum cum Iuppiter Iunonem sibi nuptiis iungeret, praecepit Mercurio, ut omnes deos et homines atque omnia animalia ad nuptias conuocaret. sed omnibus quos Mercurius monuerat conuenientibus, sola Chelone, irridens et derogans nuptiis, nectens moras adesse contempsit. quam cum Mercurius non uenisse notauisset, denuo descendit ad terras et aedes Chelones supra fluuium positas praecipitauit in fluuium ipsamque Chelonen in animal sui nominis uertit, quam nos Latine testudinem dicimus, fecitque, ut pro poena dorso tectum, uelut domum suam prona portaret: unde incuruatis aedificiis hoc nomen inpositum est. 

{{ancora+|506|[[Aeneis/Liber I#506|506.]]}} {{sc|'''saepta armis'''}}  satellitum scilicet. uel ut quidam uolunt pro armatis, ut &quot;feta armis&quot;. {{sc|'''solio'''}} solium proprie est armarium uno ligno factum, in quo reges sedebant propter tutelam corporis sui, dictum quasi solidum. modo iam abusiue sellam regalem intellegimus. {{sc|'''alte'''}} alto fulta suggestu. ac si diceret, in tribunali. {{sc|'''svbnixa'''}} pro subnisa, ut supra diximus. alii pro innixa accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|507|[[Aeneis/Liber I#507|507.]]}} {{sc|'''ivra dabat legesqve viris'''}}  ius generale est, sed lex iuris est species: non est ergo iteratio. et bene 'dabat'; primi enim Locri scriptis usi sunt legibus, nam superior aetas contenta fuit moribus. quod autem dixit 'uiris', ad Didonis pertinet laudem, et separatim enuntiandum, ut sit maior admiratio. 

{{ancora+|508|[[Aeneis/Liber I#508|508.]]}} {{sc|'''sorte trahebat'''}}  proprie locutus est; trahuntur enim sortes, hoc est educuntur. et bene tam regnantis quam aedificantis urbem inplere ostendit officium. 

{{ancora+|509|[[Aeneis/Liber I#509|509.]]}} {{sc|'''concvrsv accedere magno'''}}  cum magna Afrorum multitudine. et hoc est quod formidat Aeneas, incertus qua eos mente comitentur. 


{{ancora+|512|[[Aeneis/Liber I#512|512.]]}} {{sc|'''dispvlerat'''}} segregauerat. et magna est inter 'di' et 'de' differentia, ut diximus. {{sc|'''penitvs'''}} longe a regina remotos: quae res etiam insolentes custodes litorum facit. 

{{ancora+|513|[[Aeneis/Liber I#513|513.]]}} {{sc|'''obstipvit'''}} et ad mirationem et ad timorem hic pertinet sermo, quo dicenda praeoccupat. {{sc|'''percvlsvs'''}} ad utrumque pertinet. 

{{ancora+|514|[[Aeneis/Liber I#514|514.]]}} {{sc|'''laetitiaqve metvqve'''}}  laetitia propter socios, metu propter concursum. uel quod incerti erant de uoluntate Didonis. {{sc|'''avidi conivngere'''}} pro 'ut coniungerent', uel ad coniungendum auidi. 

{{ancora+|515|[[Aeneis/Liber I#515|515.]]}} {{sc|'''ardebant'''}} cupiebant, ut &quot;formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexim&quot;. ardeo autem et accusatiuum regit et ablatiuum. {{sc|'''res incognita'''}} id est qua adfectione Poenorum populus conueniret. 

{{ancora+|516|[[Aeneis/Liber I#516|516.]]}} {{sc|'''dissimvlant'''}} dissimulamus nota, simulamus ignota, ut Sallustius &quot;simulator ac dissimulator&quot;. 

{{ancora+|517|[[Aeneis/Liber I#517|517.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae fortvna'''}}  utrum prospera, an aduersa? et hic ostenditur, unde sit metus. 

{{ancora+|518|[[Aeneis/Liber I#518|518.]]}} {{sc|'''cvncti nam lecti navibvs'''}}  bene addidit 'lecti', ne penitus omnes intellegeres. nonnulli tamen 'lectis nauibus' legunt: quod et si sit, hypallage est, et illuc sensus recurrit. et sciendum, plerumque ut hoc loco addi aliquid generalitati et fieri specialitatem. item si dicas 'omnes scolastici laborant', generalitas est; si addas 'isti', fit specialitas, ut Sallustius &quot;transgressos omnis recipit mons Balleia&quot; prudenter addidit 'transgressos'. {{sc|'''cvncti'''}} non idem significat quod omnes. Cicero saepe ait &quot;cuncti atque omnes&quot;, quia omnes non statim sunt cuncti, nisi idem simul sunt iuncti. 

{{ancora+|519|[[Aeneis/Liber I#519|519.]]}} {{sc|'''orantes veniam'''}}  pacem propter incendium nauium. et proprie uerbum pontificale est: unde est &quot;tu modo posce deos ueniam&quot; et paulo post &quot;pacemque per aras exquirunt&quot;. dicta autem uenia ad eliciendam misericordiam; meretur enim beniuolentiam numinum qui, licet innocens sit, ueniam tamen tamquam peccauerit petit: unde est confessio illa in Terentio &quot;quid meritu's? crucem&quot;. {{sc|'''orantes veniam'''}} uenia quidem pro culpa petitur, sed nunc beneficium. aliqui tamen ueniam pro inpunitate accipiunt, nam mox addidit 'prohibe infandos a nauibus ignes'. 


{{ancora+|520|[[Aeneis/Liber I#520|520.]]}} {{sc|'''maximvs ilionevs'''}}  rebus omnibus maximus; nec enim aliquid addidit. ergo et aetate et honore et facundia et omni uirtute accipiunt. et non sine causa ipsum ubique inducit loquentem; ut enim Homerus dicit, Phorbas pater Ilionei semper Mercurio deo eloquentiae fauente pugnauit, ut Horatius &quot;Mercuri facunde nepos Atlantis&quot;. merito ergo huic datur eloquentia. {{sc|'''placido sic pectore coepit'''}} more suo uno sermone habitum futurae orationis expressit. bene ergo 'placido', ne timore consternatus uideretur, quem ideo aetate maximum et patientem ostendit, ut ei auctoritas et de aetate et de moribus crescat. ergo 'placido' ad placandum apto; et definitio est oratoris, qui talem se debet componere, qualem uult iudicem reddere. 

{{ancora+|522|[[Aeneis/Liber I#522|522.]]}} {{sc|'''o regina'''}}  secundum artem rhetoricam id ei dat quod uult inpetrare. nam eam per laudem beniuolam reddidit. quae beniuolentia in principiis controuersiarum secundum praecepta rhetorica quattuor modis conciliatur: a iudicum persona, a nostra, ab aduersariorum, a re ipsa. quod hic inuenitur: a iudicum persona 'o regina nouam c- c- I- u-', a sua persona 'Troes te miseri' et cetera, ab aduersariorum 'quod genus hoc hominum', a re ipsa 'hospitio prohibemur harenae'. post praeparatam igitur beniuolentiam et ex sua persona miseratione commota adhibet preces 'prohibe infandos a nauibus i- p- p- g- e- p- r- a-' an possint? 'non ea uis animo n- t- s- u-' quo ergo ibatis? 'est locus Hesperiam G- c- d-' et cur huc uenistis? 'cum subito adsurgens f- n-. O-' ne autem possint timeri, ait 'pauci uestris adnauimus oris'. an gratiam referant? 'officio nec te certasse priorem paeniteat'. quod autem Aeneam laudat, occulte etiam terrorem incutit dicendo 'nec bello maior et armis'. dicit etiam esse qui uindicent, si fiat iniuria 'sunt et Siculis regionibus u- a- q- T- q- a- s- c- A-' an recessuri sint? 'quassatam uentis liceat subd- c-' et subiunxit, etiamsi regem amisimus et Italiam non petimus, tamen ad Siciliam necessario discedemus 'si datur Italiam s- e- reliqua. sin absumpta salus e- t- p- o- T- p- h- L- n- s- i- r- I- at freta Sicaniae saltem'. {{sc|'''novam vrbem'''}} iuxta Poenorum opinionem dixit, qui nouam ciuitatem Carthaginem dicunt. 

{{ancora+|523|[[Aeneis/Liber I#523|523.]]}} {{sc|'''ivstitia'''}} bene considerauit sexum; nec enim 'uirtute' poterat dicere. {{sc|'''gentes'''}} non Carthaginiensium, sed circumiacentium barbarorum. {{sc|'''frenare'''}} continere, ut contra et &quot;Numidae infreni cingunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|524|[[Aeneis/Liber I#524|524.]]}} {{sc|'''troes te miseri'''}}  tacitis occurrit quaestionibus, ne ad populationem uenisse uideantur more qui tunc uigebat. et uidetur aliud ad dignitatem, aliud ad miserationem protulisse. {{sc|'''ventis maria omnia vecti'''}} per maria. et est contra illud, sicut dictum est, cur ad Africam uenerint. 

{{ancora+|526|[[Aeneis/Liber I#526|526.]]}} {{sc|'''parce pio generi'''}}  quotiens inuidiosae sunt praesentes personae, rhetoricum est ad alias confugere, ut hoc loco confugit ad genus. {{sc|'''et propivs'''}} uicinius scilicet, ut tamquam uicti accipiantur, non tales omnes credantur, qualis Paris fuit in Spartae expugnatione raptuque Helenae. nam historiae hoc habet ueritas, non uoluntate Helenam secutam, sed expugnata raptam ciuitate, unde et recipi meruit a marito. tangit autem hoc latenter Vergilius illo loco &quot;me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnauit adulter&quot;. ergo bene non nos, sed res nostras dixit. 

{{ancora+|527|[[Aeneis/Liber I#527|527.]]}} {{sc|'''popvlare'''}} quia apud ueteres haec erat maxime causa nauigandi. sane antiqui et populo et populor dicebant, unde est 'populare' et &quot;populatque ingentem farris aceruum curculio&quot;. nunc tamen passiua tantum utimur declinatione. quidam 'populare' pro ad populandum uel pro populatum accipiunt. {{sc|'''vertere'''}} pro aduertere. 

{{ancora+|529|[[Aeneis/Liber I#529|529.]]}} {{sc|'''non ea vis animo'''}}  argumentum ab inpossibili sicut dictum est, ut &quot;quid Troes potuere?&quot; 'uis' autem est possibilitas. {{sc|'''non ea vis animo'''}} id est, nec uolumus nec possumus. 


{{ancora+|530|[[Aeneis/Liber I#530|530.]]}} {{sc|'''est locvs'''}}  conparatione orbis totius Italia locus est; nam prouincia locus non potest dici. minus est autem 'quam' uel 'quem locum', ut &quot;urbs antiqua fuit&quot;. aut ideo 'locus', ut ostendat paruo posse esse contentos. {{sc|'''hesperiam'''}} hesperiae duae sunt, una quae Hispania dicitur, altera quae est in Italia. quae hac ratione discernuntur: aut enim Hesperiam solam dicis et significas Italiam, aut addis 'ultimam' et significas Hispaniam, quae in occidentis est fine, ut Horatius &quot;qui nunc Hesperia sospes ab ultima&quot;. et haec est uera Hesperia, ab Hespero dicta, id est stella occidentali. ceterum Italia Hesperia dicitur a fratre Atlantis, qui pulsus a germano Italiam tenuit eique nomen pristinae regionis inposuit, ut Hyginus docet. {{sc|'''grai cognomine dicvnt'''}} bene 'Grai', ut et ipsa cognoscat, sicut in octauo &quot;Electra, ut Grai perhibent, Atlantide cretus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|531|[[Aeneis/Liber I#531|531.]]}} {{sc|'''antiqva'''}} nobilis; nec enim noua esse potest, licet primam terram suam esse dicant Athenienses. {{sc|'''potens armis'''}} dicendo 'potens armis', Troianos laudauit, ut ostenderet, non se bellicosam timere prouinciam. UBERE GLEBAE 'uber' proprie est fecunditas. et bene Italiae uirtutem fecunditatemque conlaudat, ne Africam petisse uideantur. 

{{ancora+|532|[[Aeneis/Liber I#532|532.]]}} {{sc|'''oenotri colvere viri'''}}  deest 'quam'. Oenotria autem dicta est uel a uino optimo, quod in Italia nascitur, uel ut Varro dicit ab Oenotro, rege Sabinorum quia alii partem Italiae Oenotriam tradunt ex Arcadia profectum in Italiam uenisse cum Pelasgis et eam sibi cognominem fecisse. {{sc|'''fama'''}} subaudimus 'est'. {{sc|'''minores'''}} maiores et minores quotiens de genere dicimus numeri sunt tantum pluralis. 

{{ancora+|533|[[Aeneis/Liber I#533|533.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam'''}} Italus rex Siciliae ad eam partem uenit in qua regnauit Turnus, quam a suo nomine appellauit Italiam: unde est &quot;fines super usque Sicanos&quot; non usque ad Siciliam; nec enim poterat fieri; sed usque ad ea loca, quae tenuerunt Sicani, id est Siculi a Sicano, Itali fratre. alii Italiam a bubus quibus est Italia fertilis, quia Graeci boues g-italous, nos uitulos dicimus; alii a rege Ligurum Italo; alii ab aduena Molossio; alii a Corcyreo; alii a Veneris filio, rege Lucanorum; alii a quodam augure, qui cum Siculis in haec loca uenerit quamque his regionem inaugurauerit; plures atare tenari nepote desatura Minois, regis Cretensium, filia Italiam dictam. 

{{ancora+|534|[[Aeneis/Liber I#534|534.]]}} {{sc|'''hic cvrsvs'''}}  uel iste cursus, uel pro illuc. et cursus uerbum nauticum est, ut &quot;hunc cursum Iliacas uento tenuisse carinas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|535|[[Aeneis/Liber I#535|535.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm svbito'''}}  si 'subito fluctu', nomen est, si per se 'subito', aduerbium. {{sc|'''cvm svbito adsvrgens flvctv nimbosvs orion'''}} oenopion rex cum liberos non haberet, a Ioue Neptuno Mercurioque, uel ut quidam tradunt, non Neptuno, sed Marte, quos hospitio susceperat, hortantibus, ut ab his aliquid postularet, petiit, ut sibi concederent liberos. illi intra corium immolati sibi bouis urina facta praeceperunt, ut obrutum terra conpletis maternis mensibus solueretur. quo facto inuentus est puer, cui nomen ab urina inpositum est, ut Ourion diceretur, quod Dorica lingua commutatum est, ut ou diphthongus in o conuerteretur. quod autem plerumque prima syllaba breuis inuenitur, ut hoc loco, cum sit naturaliter longa, Graecae rationis est; nam detractio fit u litterae et o remanet breuis, quo modo &quot;g-ourea g-te g-skioenta&quot; pro orea, g-poiehson pro g-poehson. et hoc, quia aut o est naturaliter longa, aut ou diphthongus; ceterum si sit in proprio nomine dichronos, ut omnes Latinae sunt, propriorum nominum abutemur licentia, ut in artibus lectum est. Orion ergo postea uenator factus, uelut trium parentum uiribus fisus, dum uellet cum Diana concumbere, ut Horatius dicit, eius sagittis occisus est, ut Lucanus, inmisso scorpione periit, et deorum miseratione relatus in sidera signum famosum tempestatibus fecit. ueri similius autem est a scorpione interemptum, quo oriente occidit, quia et scorpionem tamquam ultorem pudicitiae Diana inter sidera collocauit: cuius chelae amputatae aliud signum fecerunt; nam ipsae sunt libra. sane ipse Orion magnitudine sua multis oritur diebus, et ideo eius etiam apud peritos est incerta tempestas: unde dictum est 'cum subito adsurgens' ad excusationem non praeuisae tempestatis. et multi superfluo quaerunt, cur ortus commemoretur Orionis, cum sit inmissa a Iunone tempestas. sed Ilioneus ista non nouit quae a poeta supra dicta sunt, per musam, ut diximus, cognita. et constat numina nisi inuenta occasione nocere non posse: quod in omni suo opere Vergilius diligenter obseruat. bene autem 'nimbosus', qui et ortu suo et occasu tempestates conmouet, sicut ait Horatius &quot;qua tristis Orion cadit&quot;; et quia hoc signum ibi est, ubi Hyades circa frontem Tauri. 

{{ancora+|536|[[Aeneis/Liber I#536|536.]]}} {{sc|'''in vada caeca'''}}  incognita, latentia. {{sc|'''procacibvs avstris'''}} perseuerantibus. et procax proprie petax est, nam procare est petere, unde et proci petitores dicuntur. alii 'procacibus' inpudentibus tradunt. 

{{ancora+|537|[[Aeneis/Liber I#537|537.]]}} {{sc|'''perqve vndas svperante salo'''}}  eleuato mari et in undas diuiso, ut solet in tempestate. 'salo' autem uenit ab eo quod est hoc salum sali, nam &quot;sale tabentes&quot; ab eo quod est hic sal salis. PERQUE INVIA SAXA 'inuia', id est aspera, inmania. unde et Dido paulo post 'quae uis inmanibus adplicat oris'? non enim suos uituperat, sed naturam litoris culpat. 

{{ancora+|538|[[Aeneis/Liber I#538|538.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc pavci'''}}  uult intellegi, ut quidam tradunt, superesse et alios qui sunt in futuro uindices, si isti fuerint laesi; nam hoc est quod ait 'dispulit', id est dispersit. {{sc|'''adnavimvs oris'''}} elegit uerbum aptum naufragio ad eliciendam misericordiam: quamuis et de nauibus 'natat' lectum sit, ut &quot;natat uncta carina&quot;. {{sc|'''adnavimvs'''}} adnatauimus per syncopen, quotiens syllaba de medio subtrahitur. et bene 'adnauimus', quasi uix et opportune. 

{{ancora+|539|[[Aeneis/Liber I#539|539.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod genvs hoc hominvm'''}} ? rhetorice uituperaturus mores non ad Didonem loquitur, sed ad tertiam se confert personam. {{sc|'''quaeve hvnc tam barbara morem p- p-'''}} bene mores accusat terrae, ut humanitas patriae potius esse uideatur. 


{{ancora+|540|[[Aeneis/Liber I#540|540.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitio prohibemvr harenae'''}}  ut alibi &quot;litusque rogamus&quot;; occupantis est enim possessio litoris. unde ostenduntur crudeles qui etiam a communibus prohibeant. {{sc|'''hospitio prohibemvr harenae'''}} ut alibi &quot;litusque rogamus innocuum&quot;. litus enim iure gentium commune omnibus fuit et occupantis solebat eius esse possessio. Cicero in Rosciana &quot;nam quid est tam commune, quam spiritus uiuis, terra mortuis, mare fluctuantibus, litus eiectis?&quot; unde ostenduntur crudeles qui etiam a communibus prohibeant. 

{{ancora+|541|[[Aeneis/Liber I#541|541.]]}} {{sc|'''bella cient'''}}  id est mouent. et bene 'cient' et 'uetant' permanet in tertia persona, ne eos in hoc barbaros et inmites appellare uideatur. sane in principio modestius, hic iam commotius. {{sc|'''primaqve vetant consistere terra'''}} id est in litore, ut alibi &quot;tuque o, cui prima frementem fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti&quot;. 

{{ancora+|542|[[Aeneis/Liber I#542|542.]]}} {{sc|'''mortalia arma'''}}  mortalem possibilitatem. sane arma etiam consilia significant, ut &quot;quaerere conscius arma&quot;. sed hoc loco terret latenter propter Siciliam; nam et paulo post ait 'sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes', cum unam habeant in qua Acestes regnat: sed ad terrorem 'urbes' posuit. {{sc|'''temnitis'''}} autem pro contempnitis per aphaeresin dictum, quae est cum prima uerbi syllaba detrahitur. alii 'mortalia arma' pro humanitate accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|543|[[Aeneis/Liber I#543|543.]]}} {{sc|'''at sperate deos'''}}  abusiue 'timete', ut alibi &quot;hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem&quot;, cum speremus bona, timeamus aduersa. ueteres tamen sperare dicebant deorum auxilia spectare. Plautus in milite &quot;deos sperabo, teque postremo tamen&quot;, in Casina &quot;diis sum fretus, deos sperauimus&quot;. sane opportune post blanda principia ista ponuntur; prodest enim nonnumquam subtiliter obiurgare quem roges. {{sc|'''memores fandi atqve nefandi'''}} iusti et iniusti. et bene 'memores', quia etiamsi non statim puniant crimina, sunt tamen memores, ut Horatius &quot;raro antecedentem scelestum deseruit pede poena claudo&quot;. et dicendo 'fandi atque nefandi' significat 'prout meriti fueritis'. 

{{ancora+|544|[[Aeneis/Liber I#544|544.]]}} {{sc|'''rex erat'''}}  bene medio uerbo usus est 'erat', ne si 'fuit' dixisset, fiduciam abiecisse uideretur. 

{{ancora+|545|[[Aeneis/Liber I#545|545.]]}} {{sc|'''nec pietate fvit'''}}  multum interest inter iustitiam et pietatem; nam pietas pars iustitiae est, sicut seueritas. nunc ergo hoc dicit, qua parte sit iustus, id est pietate. et bene duo laudat in Aenea: pietatem, quam a Didone inpetrare contendit, et uirtutem, quam uult timeri. {{sc|'''qvo ivstior alter nec pietate fvit nec bello maior et armis'''}} qui et beneficium referre potest, et uindicare. {{sc|'''bello maior et armis'''}} non est iteratio; nam bellum et consilium habet, 'arma' tantum in actu ipso sunt. {{sc|'''bello maior et armis'''}} hoc est scientia rei militaris et uiribus dimicandi, ut aliud ⟨sit⟩ animi, aliud corporis. 

{{ancora+|546|[[Aeneis/Liber I#546|546.]]}} {{sc|'''qvem si fata virvm servant'''}}  unum sensum in tres partes diuisit, et potuit reprehendi idem dixisse, nisi ostenderet eum libenter uoto suo inmorari. tale est illud &quot;si numina uestra incolumem Pallanta mihi&quot; et cetera. {{sc|'''si vescitvr avra'''}} uescor illa re, ut alibi &quot;uescitur Aeneas simul et Troiana iuuentus perpetui tergo bouis et lustralibus extis&quot;. nec nos decipiat quod dicit Plinius, ut elocutiones ex similibus formemus; nam ecce comedo illam rem dicimus, nec tamen uescor illam rem. et ipse enim dicit non usquequaque hoc esse faciendum. {{sc|'''si vescitvr avra'''}} uerbum inchoatiuum sine praeterito tempore et quod a se nascitur. sane hic 'uescitur' pro fruitur posuit; nam non comedit auram, sed uiuit ea. 

{{ancora+|547|[[Aeneis/Liber I#547|547.]]}} {{sc|'''aetheria avra'''}}  quia animum aere, corpus cibo potione et ceteris diligenter nutrimus. 

{{ancora+|548|[[Aeneis/Liber I#548|548.]]}} {{sc|'''non metvs'''}}  hoc loco distinguendum est. cuius autem rei, ex sequentibus probat; nam uult eam non timere, ne inaniter praestet. alii 'non metus officio' legunt et hunc sensum dicunt: non metuo pro officio nostro, id est non timeo, ne non sit unde satisfaciamus officio ac parem gratiam reddamus. {{sc|'''officio nec te certasse priorem paeniteat'''}} nec tibi parum uideatur prima beneficia praestitisse, cum possis maiora recipere. nam 'paeniteat' parum uideatur est, ut in heauton timorumeno &quot;at enim quantum hic operis fiat paenitet&quot;, hoc est parum uidetur. sane 'certasse' quidam prouocasse accipiunt, ut Terentius &quot;beneficiis si certasset audisset bene&quot;. officium autem est, quod Graeci g-to g-kathekon appellant. Cicero de Marcello &quot;noli igitur in conseruandis bonis uiris defetigari, non cupiditate praesertim aliqua aut prauitate lapsis, sed opinione officii stulta fortasse, certe non inproba&quot;. 

{{ancora+|549|[[Aeneis/Liber I#549|549.]]}} {{sc|'''svnt et sicvlis regionibvs vrbes'''}}  id est gratiam reddere possumus: arma latenter minatur. 


{{ancora+|550|[[Aeneis/Liber I#550|550.]]}} {{sc|'''troianoqve a sangvine clarvs acestes'''}}  cum Laomedon promissam murorum mercedem Neptuno et Apollini denegasset, Neptunus iratus Troiae inmisit cetos quod eam uastaret. unde Apollo consultus, cum et ipse irasceretur, contraria respondit dicens, obiciendas puellas nobiles beluae. quod cum fieret timens Hippotes quidam nobilis filiae Egestae, cum Laomedontis regis Hesiona iam esset orta seditione religata, inpositam eam naui misit quo fors tulisset. haec ad Siciliam delata a Crimisso fluuio, quem Crinisum Vergilius poetica licentia uocat, conuerso in ursum uel canem conpressa edidit Acesten, qui ex matris nomine ciuitatem Troianis condidit, quae hodie Segesta nominatur. {{sc|'''troianoqve a sangvine clarvs acestes'''}} bene Troiano, ut necesse habeat si passi fuerint iniuriam uindicare, quod in principio bene tacuit. de Aceste autem fabula talis. cum Laomedon promissam murorum mercedem Neptuno et Apollini denegasset, Neptunus iratus Troiae inmisit cetos per quod uicina litoris uastarentur. unde Apollo consultus, cum et ipse irasceretur, contraria respondit dicens obiciendas puellas nobiles beluae. quod cum saepe fieret et Laomedontis Hesiona iam esset ad scopulum orta seditione religata, non nulli parentes peregre mittere filias quam domi perdere maluerunt; nam alii auehendas mercatoribus tradiderunt. timens Hippotes uel ipsostratus filiam Egestam inpositam naui misit quo fors tulisset. haec ad Siciliam uentis delata a Crimisso fluuio, quem Crinisum Vergilius poetica licentia uocat, conuerso in ursum, uel ut quidam uolunt in canem, conpressa edidit Egestum, quem Vergilius Acestem uocat, qui matris nomine ciuitatem Troianis condidit, quae ante Egesta post Segesta nominata est. 

{{ancora+|551|[[Aeneis/Liber I#551|551.]]}} {{sc|'''qvassatam ventis'''}}  quamuis sit iusta petitio, tamen prope inuidiose ostendit, quam sit res quam petit exigua. {{sc|'''svbdvcere'''}} in terram trahere, hoc est subductam curare. deducere autem in mare mittere, ut &quot;deducunt naues socii&quot;. 

{{ancora+|552|[[Aeneis/Liber I#552|552.]]}} {{sc|'''aptare'''}} aptas legere. legitur et 'optare', sed utrumque eligere significat. uel 'aptare' adiungere uel adfigere, ut &quot;stellis ardentibus aptum&quot;. {{sc|'''stringere remos'''}} aut defrondare, ut &quot;agricolae stringunt frondes&quot;, aut 'fractos stringere remos', id est ligare, quia supra dixerat &quot;franguntur remi&quot;. 

{{ancora+|553|[[Aeneis/Liber I#553|553.]]}} {{sc|'''sociis et rege recepto'''}}  syllepsis per numeros, ut &quot;hic illius arma, hic currus fuit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|554|[[Aeneis/Liber I#554|554.]]}} {{sc|'''sin absvmpta salvs'''}}  hoc est, si periit Aeneas, qui Troianorum salus est. {{sc|'''pater optime'''}} mira laus, cum et patrem et optimum dicit. 

{{ancora+|556|[[Aeneis/Liber I#556|556.]]}} {{sc|'''nec spes iam restat ivli'''}}  bene de Ascanio spem dicit propter aetatem, ut &quot;Ascanium surgentem&quot; et &quot;spes surgentis Iuli&quot;. sane et hic tribus inmoratur quae metuit, ut supra in uoto. 

{{ancora+|557|[[Aeneis/Liber I#557|557.]]}} {{sc|'''at freta sicaniae'''}}  bene recessuros se dicunt. 'freta' autem, quia freto a Sicilia diuiditur Italia. sane quidam a feruore dici putant. et Sicanos quidam autochthonas tradunt, quidam ex Hiberia profugos de nomine fluminis Sicoris, quem reliquerant, Sicaniam nominasse. {{sc|'''sedesqve paratas'''}} propter Acestis cognationem. 

{{ancora+|558|[[Aeneis/Liber I#558|558.]]}} {{sc|'''regem'''}} aut qui nunc rex est, aut qui etiam noster futurus est. 

{{ancora+|559|[[Aeneis/Liber I#559|559.]]}} {{sc|'''talibvs ilionevs'''}}  aut subaudis 'loquebatur', aut ex posterioribus 'fremebant' intellegis. {{sc|'''ore fremebant'''}} hoc est consentiebant. et bene 'ore', quia et armis possumus fremere. {{sc|'''ore fremebant'''}} aut probantes Ilionei dicta aut rogantes Didonem. 


{{ancora+|560|[[Aeneis/Liber I#560|560.]]}} {{sc|'''dardanidae'''}} haec hemistichia Vergilius nominabat, quae in emendando carmine fuerat repleturus. 

{{ancora+|561|[[Aeneis/Liber I#561|561.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm breviter dido'''}}  atqui non breuiter loquitur. sed breue et longum, paruum et magnum perfectum nihil habent, sed per conparationem intelleguntur, ut supra de prouincia &quot;est locus&quot; orbis, ut diximus, conparatione. item hoc loco 'breuiter', id est minus, quam Ilioneus. et notandum regum esse breuiloquium, ut multis in Vergilio locis probatur, feminarum uerecundiam: unde utrumque dedit Didoni. {{sc|'''vvltvm demissa'''}} nota figura est, ut &quot;oculos suffusa nitentes&quot;. dicendo autem 'uultum demissa' aliud genus officii adiecit. 

{{ancora+|562|[[Aeneis/Liber I#562|562.]]}} {{sc|'''solvite corde metvm tevcri'''}}  sicut supra Iouis oratio, partim obiecta purgat partim petita promittit. sciendum sane, quia cum petuntur uel promittuntur aliqua, a ualidissimis inchoandum est, ut hoc loco. et est genus argumenti a necessario. {{sc|'''solvite corde metvm tevcri'''}} qui pollicetur statim debet promittere, tunc subiungere si qua uult, ne exspectatione suspensus detineatur auditor. nam et in Aeoli oratione statim promittit. {{sc|'''seclvdite cvras'''}} iteratio est ad augmentum beniuolentiae, hoc est, ad confirmandum supplicum animum. 'secludite' uero pro excludite: quod fit aut propter hiatum, aut propter suauitatem, ut a, &quot;silice in nuda conixa reliquit&quot; pro enixa. 

{{ancora+|563|[[Aeneis/Liber I#563|563.]]}} {{sc|'''res dvra'''}}  ac si diceret 'est quiddam'. et duo formidat: uicinos barbaros et fratris aduentum, quae propter nouitatem personarum generaliter dicens reliquit. {{sc|'''res dvra'''}} oportebat ex aliqua parte enuntiari domus calamitatem. uel ideo 'res dura', quod femina est. {{sc|'''et regni novitas'''}} quae semper habet timorem. 

{{ancora+|564|[[Aeneis/Liber I#564|564.]]}} {{sc|'''moliri'''}} bene non facere, sed 'moliri', ut terroris sit, non crudelitatis. 

{{ancora+|565|[[Aeneis/Liber I#565|565.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis genvs aeneadvm'''}}  satis propere dixit Aeneadas, quamquam ab Ilioneo audierit 'rex erat Aeneas nobis', nec haec in opere inemendato miranda sunt. quamuis alii prolepsim uelint esse. {{sc|'''troiae nesciat vrbem'''}} aut Ilium dicit, quod in Troia est, aut 'Troiae urbem', ut &quot;urbem Pataui, urbem Buthroti&quot;. 

{{ancora+|566|[[Aeneis/Liber I#566|566.]]}} {{sc|'''incendia belli'''}}  id est uim; semper enim diluuio et incendio conparat bellum, ut &quot;in segetem ueluti cum flamma furentibus austris incidit aut rapidus montano gurgite torrens&quot;. {{sc|'''incendia belli'''}} aut ardorem simpliciter belli, quia semper diluuio et incendio et tempestati conparat bellum, ut &quot;in segetem ueluti cum flamma f- a- i- aut rapidus montano flumine torrens&quot; et alibi &quot;saeuis effusa Mycenis tempestas ierit&quot;: aut potest subtilius dictum accipi, quod Ilium conflagrauit incendio. 

{{ancora+|567|[[Aeneis/Liber I#567|567.]]}} {{sc|'''non obtvsa adeo'''}}  aut non multum, uel ualde, ut in Terentio &quot;adulescentem adeo nobilem&quot; et &quot;si adeo digna res est, ubi tu neruos intendas tuos&quot;: aut 'non adeo', ut tu dicis, ut Troianorum famam ignoremus. 'obtusa' uero stulta, id est crudelia, ut merito Sol equos suos ab ista urbe deuertat. 

{{ancora+|568|[[Aeneis/Liber I#568|568.]]}} {{sc|'''nec tam aversvs eqvos tyria sol ivngit ab vrbe'''}}  fabula quidem hoc habet: Atreum et Thyestem germanos, cum in dissensione sibi nocere non possent, in simulatam gratiam redisse: qua occasione Thyestes cum fratris uxore concubuit, Atreus uero ei filium epulandum adposuit: quae Sol ne uidendo pollueretur, aufugit. sed ueritatis hoc est: Atreum apud Mycenas primum solis eclipsin inuenisse, cui inuidens frater ex urbe discessit tempore quo eius probata sunt dicta. {{sc|'''nec tam a- e- t- s- i- a- v-'''}} hoc est non in alio orbe habitamus. 

{{ancora+|569|[[Aeneis/Liber I#569|569.]]}} {{sc|'''sev vos hesperiam magnam'''}}  g-megaleh enim g-Hellas appellata est Italia, quia a Tarento usque ad Cumas omnes ciuitates Graeci condiderunt. 


{{ancora+|570|[[Aeneis/Liber I#570|570.]]}} {{sc|'''sive erycis fines'''}}  Eryx Veneris et Butae, uel ut quidam uolunt Neptuni filius fuit, qui praepotens uiribus aduenas caestibus prouocabat uictosque perimebat. hic occisus ab Hercule monti ex sepultura sua nomen inposuit: in quo matris fecerat templum, quod Aeneae adscribit poeta dicens &quot;tum uicina astris Erycino in uertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae&quot;. in hoc autem monte dicitur etiam Anchises sepultus, licet secundum Catonem ad Italiam uenerit. {{sc|'''erycis fines'''}} id est Siciliam. 

{{ancora+|571|[[Aeneis/Liber I#571|571.]]}} {{sc|'''avxilio tvtos dimittam'''}}  non sine ordine poeta inducit Didonem et credentem ignotis et tam facile tanta promittentem; si enim bene aduertatur, de illo loco pendet &quot;in primis regina quietum accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|572|[[Aeneis/Liber I#572|572.]]}} {{sc|'''vvltis et his'''}}  deest 'uel si'. 

{{ancora+|573|[[Aeneis/Liber I#573|573.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem qvam statvo vestra est'''}}  multi antiptosin uolunt, accusatiuum pro nominatiuo, ut sit pro 'urbs quam statuo uestra est'. sed si sic intellegamus, 'quam' nihilominus sequitur et syllepsis fit per casus mutationem; debuit enim dicere 'urbs quae statuitur uestra est'. melius ergo est 'uultis' bis intellegere, ut sit 'uultis regnis considere? uultis urbem quam statuo? uestra est', ut est &quot;eruet ille Argos Agamemnoniasque Mycenas ipsumque Aeaciden&quot;: subaudis 'ille'. alter enim Pyrrhum uicit, alter Mycenas. item &quot;non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco&quot;. {{sc|'''vrbem qvam statvo vestra est'''}} hoc schema de antiquioribus sumptum possumus accipere; ait enim Cato in legem Voconiam &quot;agrum quem uir habet tollitur&quot; et Terentius &quot;eunuchum quem dedisti nobis, quas turbas dedit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|574|[[Aeneis/Liber I#574|574.]]}} {{sc|'''agetvr'''}} regetur. 

{{ancora+|575|[[Aeneis/Liber I#575|575.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve vtinam'''}}  dicendo 'utinam' et humanitatem suam ostendit et Aeneae se cupidam. {{sc|'''noto compvlsvs eodem'''}} aut quouis uento, aut re uera Noto, qui de syrtibus Carthaginem ducit; supra enim Ilioneus &quot;in uada caeca tulit penitusque procacibus austris&quot;. EODEM 'o' naturaliter longa est, sed si corripiatur metri est, ut &quot;steteruntque comae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|576|[[Aeneis/Liber I#576|576.]]}} {{sc|'''adforet'''}} adueniat; temporis est futuri. {{sc|'''eqvidem'''}} in omni Vergilio 'ego quidem' significat, sed in aliis et pro 'quidem' tantum ponitur, ut Tullius &quot;equidem ego ceteras tempestates&quot;. item Persius &quot;non equidem hoc dubites amborum foedere certo consentire dies&quot;. {{sc|'''certos'''}} aut ueloces, aut fideles; utrumque enim hoc loco significat. aliquando et firmos, uel fortes, ut Sallustius &quot;apud latera certos locauerat&quot;, ut Vergilius &quot;tam certa tulistis pectora&quot;. aliquando et deliberati iudicii, ut &quot;certus iter&quot;. {{sc|'''certos'''}} qui cito inueniant. contrario incertos pro tardis. Sallustius &quot;et onere turrium incertis nauibus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|577|[[Aeneis/Liber I#577|577.]]}} {{sc|'''et libyae'''}}  g-katachrehstikos nam Dido Libyae regna non retinet. {{sc|'''et libyae lustrare e- i-'''}} ut ostendat uoluntatem et libenter se misisse, qui Aeneam quaererent. 

{{ancora+|578|[[Aeneis/Liber I#578|578.]]}} {{sc|'''eiectvs'''}} naufragus, ut &quot;eiectum litore egentem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|579|[[Aeneis/Liber I#579|579.]]}} {{sc|'''animvm arrecti'''}}  nota figura est. 


{{ancora+|580|[[Aeneis/Liber I#580|580.]]}} {{sc|'''iamdvdvm'''}} et cito, uel quam primum significat, ut &quot;iamdudum sumite poenas&quot;, et olim, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|582|[[Aeneis/Liber I#582|582.]]}} {{sc|'''svrgit'''}} oritur. et est translatio corporis ad animum, ut alibi &quot;stat conferre manum Aeneae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|583|[[Aeneis/Liber I#583|583.]]}} {{sc|'''classem sociosqve receptos'''}}  syllepis per numeros. 'receptos' de maris periculo liberatos, ut &quot;frugesque receptas&quot;, uel a Didone; nam et ab ea timuerant, ut ait &quot;laetitiaque metuque&quot;. 

{{ancora+|584|[[Aeneis/Liber I#584|584.]]}} {{sc|'''vnvs abest'''}}  Oronten significat. {{sc|'''qvem vidimvs ipsi svbmersvm'''}} quod ante doloris fuerat, ut &quot;ipsius ante oculos&quot;, nunc consolationis est, cum cernit omnes incolomes. 

{{ancora+|585|[[Aeneis/Liber I#585|585.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis respondent cetera matris'''}}  modo congruunt, consentiunt, quia dixerat supra &quot;namque tibi reduces socios&quot;. alibi 'respondet' respicit, ut &quot;respondet Gnosia tellus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|587|[[Aeneis/Liber I#587|587.]]}} {{sc|'''scindit se nvbes'''}}  nubes tantum dicimus, non nubs, licet dicamus trabs trabes, stirps stirpes, prex preces, plebs plebes. sed de his tantum quae legimus sunt ponenda; non enim artis sunt ista, sed usurpationis, qua metri causa utuntur poetae, ut uel minuant uel augeant nominatiuum. inde est et supellex supellectilis. {{sc|'''et in aethera pvrgat apertvm'''}} quia aer collectus nubes fecit, ut &quot;atque in nubem cogitur aer&quot;, quae puriore uento dissoluitur in aerem. 

{{ancora+|588|[[Aeneis/Liber I#588|588.]]}} {{sc|'''restitit aeneas'''}}  abscedente scilicet nube. {{sc|'''claraqve in lvce refvlsit'''}} laus est nimiae pulchritudinis, cui nec lucis claritas derogauit. 

{{ancora+|589|[[Aeneis/Liber I#589|589.]]}} {{sc|'''os vmerosqve deo similis'''}}  similes umeros habens deo. et est Graeca figura, ut diximus supra. {{sc|'''ipsa'''}} aut quod sequitur 'nato genetrix', aut certe 'ipsa', id est pulchritudinis dea. 


{{ancora+|590|[[Aeneis/Liber I#590|590.]]}} {{sc|'''decoram caesariem'''}}  a caedendo dicta caesaries, ergo tantum uirorum est. quod autem dicit 'decoram' uult etiam in Aenea naturalem fuisse pulchritudinem, ne si totum tribuat Veneri, nihil Aeneae sit reliquum, uel contra nihil relinquatur matris fauori: quod sequens melius indicat conparatio. ut Horatius &quot;fortes creantur fortibus&quot; magna arte nec eruditioni aliquid nec natalibus derogat. {{sc|'''ivventae'''}} iuuentus est multitudo iuuenum, Iuuentas dea ipsa, sicut Libertas, iuuenta uero aetas; sed haec a poetis confunduntur plerumque. 

{{ancora+|591|[[Aeneis/Liber I#591|591.]]}} {{sc|'''pvrpvrevm'''}} pulchrum, ut Horatius &quot;purpureis ales oloribus&quot;. {{sc|'''laetos honores'''}} non terribiles, ut esse in uiris fortibus solent. 

{{ancora+|592|[[Aeneis/Liber I#592|592.]]}} {{sc|'''manvs'''}} uel artificis, uel ars ipsa. {{sc|'''addvnt'''}} bene 'addunt', quia et ipsa materies habet naturalem pulchritudinem. {{sc|'''ebori decvs'''}} ebur a barro dictum, id est elephanto, ut Horatius &quot;quid tibi uis, mulier, nigris dignissima barris?&quot; sane naturam huius nominis nec deriuatio nec obliqui casus reseruant. et eboris enim et eburneus facit, non eburis, sicut murmuris. 

{{ancora+|593|[[Aeneis/Liber I#593|593.]]}} {{sc|'''parivsve lapis'''}}  candidissimus est, lygdinus nomine, qui apud Parum nascitur. PARIVSVE LAPIS C. A. ut in decimo &quot;qualis gemma micat, fuluum quae diuidit aurum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|594|[[Aeneis/Liber I#594|594.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm sic'''}}  quid est 'sic'? et sui gratia praepotens et matris auxilio. 

{{ancora+|595|[[Aeneis/Liber I#595|595.]]}} {{sc|'''inprovisvs'''}} bene, quia maiora nobis et pulchriora solent uideri, non paulatim aliqua, sed subito stupenda conspicere. {{sc|'''coram qvem qvaeritis'''}} hoc loco distinguendum; nam si unum esset, 'adest' diceret, non 'adsum'. et coram non nulli ad personam, ut 'coram Vergilio', palam ad omnes referri uolunt, ut 'palam omnibus'. Varro &quot;coram de praesentibus nobis, palam etiam de absentibus&quot;. sane coram quidam aduerbium putant, quia non subsequitur casus, quidam praepositionem loquellis, non casibus seruientem. 

{{ancora+|596|[[Aeneis/Liber I#596|596.]]}} {{sc|'''ereptvs'''}} liberatus; et utitur poeta familiarius hoc uerbo &quot;eripe me his, inuicte, malis&quot; et &quot;eripui, fateor, leto me&quot;. 

{{ancora+|597|[[Aeneis/Liber I#597|597.]]}} {{sc|'''o sola'''}}  propter Polymestoris factum, qui fide uiolata defecit ad Graecos, ut habemus in tertio. {{sc|'''miserata'''}} et miseror et misereor unum significat, sed miseror accusatiuum regit, ut hoc loco, item &quot;nec miseratus amantem est&quot;, misereor genetiuum, unde est &quot;miserere animi non digna ferentis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|598|[[Aeneis/Liber I#598|598.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae nos reliqvias danavm'''}}  si Troianos significat, simpliciter intellegis; si ad se refert, quod Achillem euasit fauore Neptuni. 'Danaum' autem pro Danaorum. TERRAEQUE MARISQUE 'terrae' propter Cretensem pestilentiam, 'maris' propter Orontis interitum. 

{{ancora+|599|[[Aeneis/Liber I#599|599.]]}} {{sc|'''omnibvs exhavstis'''}}  ueteres sic dicebant 'clades hausi', id est pertuli. {{sc|'''omnivm egenos'''}} egeo honestius genetiuo iungitur quam ablatiuo, cui iungit Cicero, ut &quot;eget ille senatu&quot;. item contra Vergilius &quot;quorum indiget usus&quot;. quidam autem 'egenos' pro egentes dictum tradunt, nomen pro participio. 


{{ancora+|600|[[Aeneis/Liber I#600|600.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbe domo socias'''}}  hoc est et publico et priuato dignaris hospitio. 

{{ancora+|601|[[Aeneis/Liber I#601|601.]]}} {{sc|'''non opis est nostrae dido'''}}  'opis' possibilitatis. et secundum Ateium philologum opes numero tantum plurali diuitias significant, ut &quot;Troianas ut opes&quot;, numero tantum singulari auxilium, ut &quot;fer opem, serua me obsecro&quot;, ab utroque possibilitatem. {{sc|'''nec qvicqvid vbiqve est'''}} meminit historiae. multi enim post excidium Troiae orbis diuersa tenuerunt, ut Helenus Epirum, Antenor Venetiam, alii Sardiniam secundum Sallustium, alii uicina syrtibus loca secundum Lucanum, ut &quot;portusque quietos ostendit Libyae Phrygio placuisse magistro&quot;. 

{{ancora+|603|[[Aeneis/Liber I#603|603.]]}} {{sc|'''di tibi'''}}  ordo est 'dii tibi praemia ferant'. {{sc|'''si qva pios respectant nvmina'''}} si quidem, ut Horatius &quot;si tamen impiae non tangenda rates transiliunt uada&quot;; nec enim congruit optare dubitantem: aut certe ad se rettulit, qui cum pius esset, tot laborabat incommodis. {{sc|'''si qua pios r- n- s- q- v- i- e-'''}} 'qua' et 'quid' addidit, erat enim integrum 'si pios numina respiciunt et iustitia usquam est'. 

{{ancora+|604|[[Aeneis/Liber I#604|604.]]}} {{sc|'''si qvid vsqvam ivstitiae est'''}}  si ualet apud homines iustitia. {{sc|'''et mens sibi conscia recti'''}} secundum Stoicos, qui dicunt, ipsam uirtutem esse pro praemio, etiamsi nulla sint praemia. 

{{ancora+|605|[[Aeneis/Liber I#605|605.]]}} {{sc|'''ferant'''}} adferant uel tribuant. {{sc|'''qvae te tam laeta tvlervnt saecvla'''}} alibi &quot;nati melioribus annis&quot;; felicitas enim temporum ex nascentum meritis comprobatur, ut e contrario Terentius &quot;hocine saeculum! o scelera, o genera sacrilega!&quot; et digna laus regibus, ut bono tempore nati esse dicantur. 

{{ancora+|606|[[Aeneis/Liber I#606|606.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi tanti talem genvere parentes'''}}  secundum artem rhetoricam parentes quos ignorat laudat ex liberis. simul sciendum omnia hoc loco laudis praecepta seruata; nam et a parentibus laudat, ut 'qui tanti talem genuere parentes'; et ab ipsa, ut 'urbe domo socias'; et a futuro, ut 'nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt'. 'talem' autem, tam iustam, tam piam. 

{{ancora+|607|[[Aeneis/Liber I#607|607.]]}} {{sc|'''in freta'''}}  abusiue modo maria; nam proprie fretum est mare naturaliter mobile, ab undarum feruore nominatum. {{sc|'''dvm montibvs vmbrae lvstrabvnt convexa'''}} alii hoc loco distinguunt et dicunt, quamdiu inclinata in montibus latera umbrae pro solis flexu circumibunt, ut &quot;lustrat Auentini montem&quot;: aut 'lustrabunt' inumbrabunt, unde lustra et ferarum cubilia et lupanaria per contrarium dicimus, quia parum inlustrantur. alii tamen 'conuexa sidera' uolunt, id est pendentia, ut &quot;et caeli conuexa per auras&quot;, id est suspensa, planetasque intellegunt, quia non sunt fixi, sed in aere feruntur. 'pasci' autem aquis marinis sidera, id est ignes caelestes, physici docent, secundum quos Lucanus ait &quot;atque undae plus quam quod digerat aer&quot;. alii 'sidera conuexa' nobis inminentia, uel quae per conuexum polum pascuntur, uel quae per conuexum disposita exhalatione terrae ali credantur. quidam radios solis pasci asserunt umore terreno. 'polus' autem caelum dixit. 

{{ancora+|609|[[Aeneis/Liber I#609|609.]]}} {{sc|'''honos'''}} honor, an honos quaeritur, quia nominatiuus pluralis 'res' terminatus singularem in or mittit, ut amores amor, honores honor, exceptis monosyllabis, ut flos mos ros. 


{{ancora+|610|[[Aeneis/Liber I#610|610.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae me cvmqve vocant terrae'''}}  id est in quibuscumque terris fuero. 

{{ancora+|611|[[Aeneis/Liber I#611|611.]]}} {{sc|'''ilionea'''}} paenultimam huius nominis syllabam natura breuem licentia, qua in nominibus propriis omnes syllabae uocales possunt esse communes, produxit. 

{{ancora+|613|[[Aeneis/Liber I#613|613.]]}} {{sc|'''obstipvit'''}} animo perculsa est, quod iam futuri amoris est signum. {{sc|'''primo aspectv'''}} id est pulchritudine. {{sc|'''sidonia'''}} pro Tyria a uicinitate. 

{{ancora+|614|[[Aeneis/Liber I#614|614.]]}} {{sc|'''casv deinde'''}}  id est miseratione. {{sc|'''et sic ore locvta est'''}} pleonasmos. sic &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;. 

{{ancora+|615|[[Aeneis/Liber I#615|615.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis te nate dea'''}}  quis, qualis; admirantis enim est, non interrogantis, ut &quot;quis globus, o ciues!&quot; non enim interrogat ille qui nuntiat. hoc autem Dido, ut post indicat, ex Teucri narratione cognouit. 

{{ancora+|616|[[Aeneis/Liber I#616|616.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae vis'''}}  qualis. {{sc|'''inmanibvs oris'''}} ut Sallustius &quot;mare saeuum, inportuosum&quot;. {{sc|'''inmanibvs oris'''}} non de suo regno ait, sed illas oras significat, quas Ilioneus ait &quot;per inuia saxa dispulit&quot;. {{sc|'''adplicat'''}} secundum praesentem usum per 'd' prima syllaba scribitur, secundum antiquam orthographiam, quae praepositionum ultimam litteram in uicinam mutabat, per 'p', secundum euphoniam per 'a' tantum. praepositio enim cum ad conpositionem transierit aut uim suam retinet, ut indico, aut mutat ultimam litteram, ut sufficio, aut perdit, ut coemo. 

{{ancora+|617|[[Aeneis/Liber I#617|617.]]}} {{sc|'''tvne ille aeneas'''}}  et hoc admiratiuum, non interrogatiuum. 'ille' autem honoris est, ut &quot;sic Iuppiter ille monebat&quot;, uel 'tune ille' uidetur beneficium Veneris admirari in eo, quem adamatura est. {{sc|'''dardanio anchisae'''}} bene Anchisen addidit, ne cui diceret esset incertum; cum multis enim Venus concubuit. sed sciendum Anchisen, ut fabula loquitur, pastorem fuisse et cum eo amato Venerem concubuisse. unde Aeneas circa Simoin fluuium natus est; deae enim uel nymphae enituntur circa fluuios uel nemora. quod cum iactaret Anchises, adflatus fulmine oculoque priuatus est. 

{{ancora+|619|[[Aeneis/Liber I#619|619.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrvm memini sidona venire'''}}  quidam 'memini uenire' pro 'memini uenisse' accipiunt. {{sc|'''tevcrvm sidona venire'''}} historia hoc habet, Herculem cum Colchos iret perdito Hyla, qui aquatum profectus, ut fabula loquitur, a nymphis adamatus et raptus est, ut ueritas habet, lapsus in fontem altissimum necatus est, post peragratam Mysiam nauibus Troiam uenisse. a cuius portu cum eum Laomedon arceret, occisus est, et eius filia Hesiona belli iure sublata comiti Telamoni tradita est, qui primus ascenderat murum, unde Teucer natus est; nam Aiacem ex alia constat esse procreatum. tunc Hercules Priamum quoque redemptum a uicinis hostibus in paterno regno locauit: unde et Priamus dictus est g-apo g-tou g-priasthai, id est emi. ceterum quae de liberata dicuntur Hesiona constat esse fabulosa. sed Teucer cum Troia euersa sine fratre esset reuersus, qui se furore propter perdita Achillis arma interemerat, uel, ut quidam uolunt, quia non defenderat Aiacis fratris interitum, ut alii, quod ossa fratris non rettulisset, ut non nulli, quod Tecmessam concubinam uel eius fratris filium Eurysacen ad auum Telamona de Troia secum non reduxerit, quia ille alia naui uectus felicius nauigauerat, Salamine pulsus a patre Sidona uenit, ex quo Dido cuncta cognouit. Aiax autem Achillis patruelis frater fuerat, quoniam Telamon et Peleus fratres fuerunt, Aeaci filii. 


{{ancora+|621|[[Aeneis/Liber I#621|621.]]}} {{sc|'''belvs'''}} quidam alium patrem Elissae dicunt. {{sc|'''opimam'''}} pro opulentam non nulli accipiunt. {{sc|'''vastabat cyprvm'''}} quam subactam concessit Teucro, ut in ea conlocaret imperium, qui ex responso Apollinis illuc perrexerat et ciuitatem Salaminam ex nomine patriae ibi condidit, licet alii dicant ab ipso Teucro Cypri superatos incolas et sic conditam ciuitatem: unde 'auxilio Beli' accipi potest, etiam Teucro auxilium a Belo ad occupationem insulae praestitum. 

{{ancora+|622|[[Aeneis/Liber I#622|622.]]}} {{sc|'''dicione'''}} potestas dictis constat, id est imperio. et quaerendus nominatiuus huius nominis. sed de hac re historia longe aliud continet. 

{{ancora+|623|[[Aeneis/Liber I#623|623.]]}} {{sc|'''casvs'''}} hoc loco ruinae, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;, non fortunae intellegendus est casus. 

{{ancora+|624|[[Aeneis/Liber I#624|624.]]}} {{sc|'''pelasgi'''}} Graeci a Pelasgo Iouis et Larissae filio. 

{{ancora+|625|[[Aeneis/Liber I#625|625.]]}} {{sc|'''ipse hostis tevcros'''}}  Troianorum laudis exaggeratio, quod etiam ab hoste laudantur. et quidam 'hostis' singularem, quidam pluralem legunt. {{sc|'''lavde'''}} quidam pro uirtute accipiunt, ut &quot;primam merui qui laude coronam&quot;. {{sc|'''ferebat'''}} laudabat, praeferebat. 

{{ancora+|626|[[Aeneis/Liber I#626|626.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrorvm a stirpe volebat'''}}  propter genus maternum, ut supra diximus. et plus est quod dixit 'uolebat', quasi materno gaudens refutaret genus paternum. sane 'stirps' cum de origine dicimus generis feminini est, ut &quot;heu stirpem inuisam&quot;, cum de ligno masculini &quot;sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|627|[[Aeneis/Liber I#627|627.]]}} {{sc|'''tectis svccedite nostris'''}}  ad conuiuium uocat; nam iam supra dixit 'urbe, domo socias'. dicitur autem 'o tectis succedite', ut &quot;succeditque gemens stabulis&quot;, et &quot;tecto adsuetus coluber succedere&quot;. 

{{ancora+|628|[[Aeneis/Liber I#628|628.]]}} {{sc|'''me qvoqve'''}}  quemadmodum uos. {{sc|'''similis fortvna'''}} scilicet aduersa. 

{{ancora+|629|[[Aeneis/Liber I#629|629.]]}} {{sc|'''demvm'''}} postea. 


{{ancora+|630|[[Aeneis/Liber I#630|630.]]}} {{sc|'''non ignara mali miseris svccvrrere disco'''}}  quare 'non disco'? quia non sum ignara; bis enim intellegimus 'non', ut supra diximus. sic Sallustius &quot;segnior neque minus grauis et multiplex cura&quot;. 

{{ancora+|631|[[Aeneis/Liber I#631|631.]]}} {{sc|'''simvl aenean in regia dvcit tecta'''}}  et hoc et quod sequitur uidetur auspicium nuptiarum. 

{{ancora+|632|[[Aeneis/Liber I#632|632.]]}} {{sc|'''simvl divvm templis indicit honorem'''}}  apud maiores nostros mos fuit, ut magistratus post res serias quae consulto peragebantur in fine actus adderent 'diis honorem dico', uel alio modo 'hinc ad deos', quod poeta, amator antiquitatis, subtiliter docet; infert enim Didonem post habitum cum Aenea colloquium et iunctam hospitalitatem, 'quare agite o tectis iuuenes succedite nostris' et supra 'urbem quam statuo uestra est' et 'Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur', post actum publicum, diis sacra iussisse; nam subiungit 'simul Aenean in regia ducit tecta, simul diuum templis indicit honorem'. {{sc|'''indicit honorem'''}} id est iussit fieri supplicationes. et bene 'indicit', quia Troiani inopinato uenerant. et feriae aut legitimae sunt aut indictae. indici autem dicuntur, quia paupertas maiorum ex conlatione sacrificabat, aut certe de bonis damnatorum: unde et supplicia dicuntur supplicationes, quae sunt de bonis supplicia passorum. Sallustius &quot;in suppliciis deorum magnifici&quot;. hinc etiam sacrum et uenerabile et exsecrandum intellegimus, quia sacrae res de bonis exsecrandorum fiebant. {{sc|'''indicit honorem'''}} indictiua sacrificia dicebantur quae subito ad praesens tempus indicebantur. dicebantur sacra et honoraria, quod utrumque hoc loco complexus uidetur. 

{{ancora+|635|[[Aeneis/Liber I#635|635.]]}} {{sc|'''terga svvm'''}}  non declinatio 'u' litteram hoc loco geminat, sed ratio nominis in quo est 'u', sicut et in 'rum' mittit genetiuum pluralem non per declinationem, sed quia est in nomine 'r', ut patrum. alituum uero ubi legimus, parenthesis est, sicut Mauortis, nam alitum facit. 

{{ancora+|636|[[Aeneis/Liber I#636|636.]]}} {{sc|'''mvnera laetitiamqve dei'''}}  id est Liberi patris, ac per hoc uinum: aut certe ut multi legunt 'laetitiamque die', id est diei, ut supra dicta munera sint multorum dierum usui sufficientia, intellegamus autem missa aliqua etiam ad usum diei. in caesi dilegitur. non nulli 'dii' legunt, sicut ueteres 'famis fami'. Plautus in mercatore &quot;qui aut Nocti, aut Dii, aut Soli, aut Lunae&quot;. sane quidam hunc uersum intellegi non putant posse, ut est ille &quot;quem tibi iam Troia&quot;. 

{{ancora+|637|[[Aeneis/Liber I#637|637.]]}} {{sc|'''splendida instrvitvr'''}}  pro instruitur et splendida fit. {{sc|'''lvxv'''}} modo abundantia, alibi luxuria. et notandum, quia affluentiam ubique exteris gentibus dat, Romanis frugalitatem, qui et duobus tantum cibis utebantur et in atriis sedebant edentes: unde Iuuenalis &quot;quis fercula septem secreto cenauit auus?&quot; et Vergilius &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. {{sc|'''mediis tectis'''}} iuxta cottidianam consuetudinem ait 'mediis', ut si dicamus 'in media domo sua sedens turbatus'. 

{{ancora+|639|[[Aeneis/Liber I#639|639.]]}} {{sc|'''laboratae vestes'''}}  labore perfectae, ut &quot;laboratasque premunt ad pectora ceras&quot;. et est sermo in conpendium coactus, sicut &quot;rapuitque in fomite flammam&quot;, id est raptim fecit. et sane 'uestes' non illas dicit quibus induimur, sed stragulas, super quas discumbitur, sic enim dicebantur 'uestes stragulae'. {{sc|'''ostroqve svperbo'''}} claro, pretioso, id est per se superbo, aut quia superbos faciat. 


{{ancora+|640|[[Aeneis/Liber I#640|640.]]}} {{sc|'''ingens argentvm mensis'''}}  aut subaudi 'exponunt', aut mensas argenteas accipe. {{sc|'''caelataqve in avro'''}} insculpta. et nomen hoc in principali aliam habet naturam, in deriuatione mutat. nam celum dicitur ferrum ipsum unde operantur argentarii, quod producitur naturaliter, sed in deriuatione mutatur; diphthongus namque est 'caelataque in auro'. 

{{ancora+|641|[[Aeneis/Liber I#641|641.]]}} {{sc|'''fortia facta patrvm'''}}  ueteres enim in conuiuiis solebant fortia parentum facta narrare, quae hic etiam insculpta dicit. et hic resoluit poeta illud quod reprehenditur, cur in templo Iunonis non Poenorum, sed Troianorum et Graecorum facta depinxerit, scilicet quod suorum res pretiosiore materia signatas habuerit. {{sc|'''series'''}} ordo conexus. 

{{ancora+|642|[[Aeneis/Liber I#642|642.]]}} {{sc|'''per tot dvcta viros'''}}  a Belo, primo rege Assyriorum, ut &quot;ab antiquo durantia cinnama Belo&quot; usque ad Belum, patrem Didonis, qui et ipse Assyrius fuit, quamuis alio nomine pater Didonis fuisse dicatur. hinc est &quot;quam Belus et omnes a Belo soliti&quot;, cum inter patrem et filiam medius nullus existat. et hoc regis nomen ratione non caret; nam omnes in illis partibus Solem colunt, qui ipsorum lingua El dicitur, unde et g-Hehlios. ergo addita digammo et in fine facta deriuatione a Sole regi nomen inposuit. 

{{ancora+|643|[[Aeneis/Liber I#643|643.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneas'''}} sequitur 'rapidum ad naues', cetera per parenthesin dicta sunt. 

{{ancora+|644|[[Aeneis/Liber I#644|644.]]}} {{sc|'''rapidvm ad naves praemittit achaten'''}}  non praemittit, nec enim sequitur ipse, sed praerapidum, quod ex adfectu patris, id est eius qui mittit, intellegendum est, non ex Achatae uelocitate. et sic praerapidum dixit, quomodo Terentius &quot;per pol quam paucos&quot;, hoc est perquam paucos; 'pol' enim ipsum per se plenum est iurantis aduerbium, cui praepositio separatim numquam cohaeret. 

{{ancora+|645|[[Aeneis/Liber I#645|645.]]}} {{sc|'''ferat'''}} adferat, nuntiet, ut &quot;feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|646|[[Aeneis/Liber I#646|646.]]}} {{sc|'''stat'''}} modo 'est', ut &quot;Graio stant nomine dictae&quot;; alias 'horret', ut stant lumina flamma et &quot;stabat acuta silex&quot;; item 'plenum est', ut &quot;iam puluere caelum stare uident&quot; et &quot;stant et iuniperi et castaneae hirsutae&quot;; item 'positum est', ut &quot;stant manibus arae&quot;; item 'placet', ut &quot;stat conferre manum Aeneae&quot; et &quot;stat casus renouare omnes&quot;. pro loco ergo hic sermo intellegendus est. 

{{ancora+|647|[[Aeneis/Liber I#647|647.]]}} {{sc|'''iliacis erepta rvinis'''}}  commendat ex loci difficultate, ut &quot;nec tuta mihi ualle reperti&quot;; item ex persona, ut 'ornatus Argiuae Helenae' et 'Ilione quod gesserat olim', ut &quot;hoc Priami gestamen erat&quot;: quemadmodum plerumque ex longinquitate, ut &quot;ex Aethiopia est usque haec&quot;. {{sc|'''erepta'''}} ostendit ualde pretiosa, quae meruerunt ex ruinis ciuitatis eripi. laborat autem poeta hoc sermone probare, ab Aenea non esse proditam patriam, si ornatus Helenae, quam cum Antenore Troiam prodidisse manifestum est, ex incendio eripuit bellorum casu, non pro praemio proditionis accepit. 

{{ancora+|648|[[Aeneis/Liber I#648|648.]]}} {{sc|'''signis avroqve'''}}  signis aureis, ut &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. {{sc|'''pallam rigentem'''}} duram propter aurum, sicut uel nouas uestes uidemus. significat autem tunicopallium, quod secundum Varronem palla dicta est ab inrugatione et mobilitate, quae est et circa finem huiusmodi uestium, g-apo g-tou g-pallein. 

{{ancora+|649|[[Aeneis/Liber I#649|649.]]}} {{sc|'''et circvmtextvm velamen'''}}  cycladem significat. {{sc|'''acantho'''}} genus uirgulti flexuosum, quod uulgo herbacanthum dicunt, in cuius imitationem arte uestis ornatur. Varro ita refert: &quot;Onesicritos ait, in India esse arbores, quae lanam ferant, item Epicadus in Sicilia, quarum floribus quom dempti sint nuclei ex his inplicitis mulieres multiplicem conficere uestem&quot;. hinc uestimenta acanthina appellata. 


{{ancora+|650|[[Aeneis/Liber I#650|650.]]}} {{sc|'''ornatvs argivae helenae'''}}  a uicinitate dixit 'Argiuae'. et paulo post 'Mycenis', cum Spartana fuerit, quae ciuitas est in Laconica; nam legimus &quot;me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnauit adulter&quot;. et uide iam omen infelicitatis futurae, cum adulterae suscipit munera. {{sc|'''qvos illa mycenis'''}} hic quoque commendatio muneris a persona, quae in fuga magni fecerit. 

{{ancora+|651|[[Aeneis/Liber I#651|651.]]}} {{sc|'''pergama cvm peteret'''}}  eo tempore quo a Paride sollicitata est Helena Venere faciente, quae ei praemium pro uictoria, quam de malo aureo acceperat, alienum matrimonium concilians soluerat. nota fabula omnibus traditum est, quamuis uera historia hoc habere dicatur, non sollicitatam a Paride Helenam, sed cum non ei consentiret, ut absente eo tempore Menelao sponte eum sequeretur ad Troiam, expugnata ciuitate ui a Paride sublatam. unde factum est, ut Paris timore, ne qui eum insequerentur, non recto itinere properaret ad patriam, sed deuerteret ad Aegyptum et ad regem Proteum ueniret. qui cum esset sacrificus et agnouisset alienam uxorem a Paride raptam, duci eam dicitur subtraxisse et nescio quibus disciplinis phantasma in similitudinem Helenae formatum Paridi dedisse, quod in undecimo plenius inuenies. {{sc|'''inconcessosqve hymenaeos'''}} et fato et legibus. Hymenaeus autem ut alii dicunt deus est nuptiarum, ut alii, quidam iuuenis fuit, qui die nuptiarum oppressus ruina est, unde expiationis causa nominatur in nuptiis. falsum est autem; nam uitari magis debuit nomen extincti. sed hoc habet ueritas: Hymenaeus quidam apud Athenas inter bella saeuissima uirgines liberauit, quam ob causam nubentes eius inuocant nomen, quasi liberatoris uirginitatis. hinc etiam apud Romanos Thalassio inuocatur. cum enim in raptu Sabinarum plebeius quidam raptam pulcherrimam duceret, ne ei auferretur ab aliis, Thalassionis eam ducis nobilis esse simulauit, cuius nomine fuit puellae tuta uirginitas. 

{{ancora+|652|[[Aeneis/Liber I#652|652.]]}} {{sc|'''extvlerat'''}} secum exportauerat. {{sc|'''matris ledae mirabile donvm'''}} uel quod ipsa filiae, uel quod ei Iuppiter dederat. 

{{ancora+|653|[[Aeneis/Liber I#653|653.]]}} {{sc|'''praeterea sceptrvm ilione'''}}  bene offert munera apta personis, sicut etiam Latino in septimo. {{sc|'''ilione qvod gesserat olim'''}} quia etiam feminae sceptro utebantur. 'gesserat' autem pro gestauerat, ut &quot;hoc Priami gestamen erat&quot;. et quaeritur, utrum hoc sceptrum de Thracia, an de Troia sublatum. quidam Aeneae ab Iliona datum dicunt. sed quamuis apta nupturae reginae sint munera, tamen futurorum malorum continere omen uidentur. 

{{ancora+|654|[[Aeneis/Liber I#654|654.]]}} {{sc|'''maxima natarvm priami'''}}  quia ante etiam feminae regnabant, praesertim primogenitae; unde est 'maxima'. haec autem uxor Polymestoris fuit, quae post captum Ilium eiecta a uiro manu sua interiit. {{sc|'''monile'''}} ornamentum gutturis, quod et segmentum dicunt, ut Iuuenalis &quot;segmenta et longos habitus&quot;, licet segmentatas uestes dicamus, ut ipse &quot;et segmentatis dormisset paruula cunis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|655|[[Aeneis/Liber I#655|655.]]}} {{sc|'''bacatvm'''}} ornatum margaritis. dicimus autem et haec margarita et hoc margaritum et haec margaris, quod Graecum est, quo modo Nais. sane multi separant gemmam a margarita, ut Cicero &quot;nullam gemmam aut margaritam&quot;, et gemmas uolunt dici diuersi coloris, margaritas uero albas; uel gemmas integras, margaritas pertusas. {{sc|'''dvplicem'''}} aut latam, ut &quot;duplici aptantur dentalia dorso&quot;, item at &quot;duplex agitur per lumbos spina&quot;: aut certe re uera duplicem gemmis et auro. sane inmiscet Romanam consuetudinem; coronis enim feminae utebantur. 

{{ancora+|656|[[Aeneis/Liber I#656|656.]]}} {{sc|'''haec celerans'''}}  celeriter facere cupiens. 

{{ancora+|657|[[Aeneis/Liber I#657|657.]]}} {{sc|'''at cytherea'''}}  ab insula quae numero tantum plurali dicitur, ut &quot;sunt alta Cythera&quot;. {{sc|'''novas artes'''}} ars ton meson est, unde sine epitheto male ponitur. ueteres autem artes pro dolis ponebant, ut Terentius in heauton timorumeno &quot;offendi quendam ibi militem eius noctem orantem: haec arte tractabat uirum&quot;, item in Phormione &quot;artificem probum&quot;; nam et Graeci g-dolos g-technas dicunt, ut in secundo &quot;periurique arte Sinonis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|658|[[Aeneis/Liber I#658|658.]]}} {{sc|'''faciem mvtatvs'''}}  nota figura est. quod autem addidit 'et ora', perissologia est. 

{{ancora+|659|[[Aeneis/Liber I#659|659.]]}} {{sc|'''fvrentem incendat reginam'''}}  incendat et furere faciat, ut &quot;animumque labantem inpulit&quot;. {{sc|'''inplicet'''}} proprie ait; inpliciti enim morbo dicuntur; nam et amor morbus. 


{{ancora+|661|[[Aeneis/Liber I#661|661.]]}} {{sc|'''domvm timet ambigvam'''}}  in qua habitat mutabilis femina, ut &quot;uarium et mutabile semper femina&quot;, item Iuno in quarto &quot;suspectas habuisse domos Carthaginis altae&quot;. {{sc|'''ambigvam'''}} modo incertam. alias 'ambiguam' pro gemina duplicique accipitur, ut &quot;agnouit prolem ambiguam&quot;. {{sc|'''bilingves'''}} fallaces; nec enim ad linguam rettulit, sed ad mentem. 

{{ancora+|662|[[Aeneis/Liber I#662|662.]]}} {{sc|'''atrox ivno'''}}  quantum ad Venerem pertinet saeua, non quod ita de ea poeta iudicet. {{sc|'''et svb noctem cvra recvrsat'''}} circa noctem. et sciendum quia, cum tempus significatur, sub praepositio accusatiuo cohaeret, ut &quot;aut ubi sub lucem densa inter nubila sese diuersi rumpunt radii&quot;. et bene 'sub noctem cura recursat', quia uehementiores curae uel circa noctem uel per noctem sunt. 'recursat' autem recurrit et reuertitur; quasi semper in mentem uenit. 

{{ancora+|663|[[Aeneis/Liber I#663|663.]]}} {{sc|'''aligervm'''}} compositum a poeta nomen. {{sc|'''ergo his aligervm dictis adfatvr amorem'''}} latini deum ipsum 'Cupidinem' uocant, hoc quod facit 'amorem'. sed hic imitatus est Graecos, qui uno nomine utrumque significant; nam Amorem dixit deum: sed discreuit epitheto. sane numen hoc ratione non caret. nam quia turpitudinis est stulta cupiditas, puer pingitur, ut &quot;inter quas curam Clymene narrabat inanem&quot;, id est amorem, item quia inperfectus est in amantibus sermo, sicut in puero, ut &quot;incipit effari mediaque in uoce resistit&quot;. alatus autem ideo est, quia amantibus nec leuius aliquid nec mutabilius inuenitur, ut in ipsa probatur Didone; nam de eius interitu cogitat, cuius paulo ante amore deperibat, ut &quot;non potui abreptum diuellere corpus&quot;. sagittas uero ideo gestare dicitur, quia et ipsae incertae uelocesque sunt. et haec ratio paene in omnibus aliis numinibus pro potestatum qualitate formatur. 

{{ancora+|664|[[Aeneis/Liber I#664|664.]]}} {{sc|'''nate meae vires'''}}  aut quia Veneria uoluptas exerceri sine amore non potest, aut secundum Simoniden qui dicit, Cupidinem ex Venere tantum esse progenitum: quamquam alii dicant ex ipsa et Marte, alii ex ipsa et Vulcano, alii uero Chai et primae rerum naturae eum esse filium uelint. sane et hic persuasoriam agit, sicut superius, ubi Iuno ad Aeolum loquitur &quot;Aeole, namque tibi&quot;. sed ibi quia dea cum homine loquebatur, principio opus non fuit, hic uero principio usus est, quia dea cum deo loquitur ad beniuolentiam comparandam. 'nate' ab indulgentissimo nomine: causa amoris 'mea magna potentia': quid possit facere 'qui tela typhoea temnis': pro quo 'frater ut Aeneas pelago tuus': contra quem 'odiis Iunonis iniquae': nam quod dicit 'frater tuus', non 'filius meus', ostendit etiam ei profuturum qui rogatur; nam ex eo genere est illud 'et nostro doluisti saepe dolore'. sequitur causa 'hunc Phoenissa tenet Dido': timor ipsius 'et uereor quo se Iunonia uertant hospitia': rem ipsam 'quocirca capere ante dolis': modus 'qua facere id possis': quamdiu 'noctem non amplius unam': an difficile sit 'et notos pueri puer indue uultus': quomodo 'ut cum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido': subito amabit 'occultum inspires ignem fallasque ueneno': nihil promisit; quid enim promitteret deo? SOLUS, {{sc|'''nate'''}} qui Iouis contemnis fulmina, quae diis ceteris solent esse terrori. 

{{ancora+|665|[[Aeneis/Liber I#665|665.]]}} {{sc|'''patris svmmi'''}}  nunc quidem de Ioue proprie dixit. sciendum tamen pro qualitate rerum uel personarum summum deum dici uel patrem; nam unusquisque eum summum putat esse quem colit, ut &quot;summe deum sancti custos Soractis Apollo&quot;. {{sc|'''typhoea'''}} multi 'Typhoia' legunt, ut cerialia et cerealea. 'Typhoea' autem dixit non quibus Typhoeus usus est, sed quibus Iuppiter in Typhoeum: a spoliis id est uirtute et uictoria epitheton posuit, ut Scipio Africanus et Metellus Creticus. {{sc|'''temnis'''}} aphaeresis est pro contemnis. hac autem laude hoc agit, facile eum posse Iunonem contemnere qui contemnit et Iouem. 

{{ancora+|666|[[Aeneis/Liber I#666|666.]]}} {{sc|'''ad te confvgio'''}}  personarum ratio facit laudis augmentum. {{sc|'''tva nvmina'''}} possibilitatem. et notandum unum deum plura habere numina, ut supra diximus de Iunone. 

{{ancora+|667|[[Aeneis/Liber I#667|667.]]}} {{sc|'''frater vt aeneas'''}}  conciliatio a qualitate personae. 'ut' autem est quemadmodum, quod in pronuntiatione extenditur, quando temporis non est. 

{{ancora+|668|[[Aeneis/Liber I#668|668.]]}} {{sc|'''iactetvrqve'''}} uacat 'que'. {{sc|'''odiis ivnonis iniqvae'''}} iusta causa petitionis ostenditur. 'odium' autem 'o' in nomine breue est, in uerbo longum, ut 'odi', quemadmodum 'liquor' 'li' breuis est, 'liquitur' longa. 

{{ancora+|669|[[Aeneis/Liber I#669|669.]]}} {{sc|'''nota tibi'''}}  Graeca figura est, ut Terentius &quot;mira uero militi quae placeant&quot;. NOSTRO DOLVISTI SAEPE DOLORE 'nostro' aut eo quo et ego, aut 'doluisti' ideo quia me dolentem uidisti, ut 'dolea illa re'. 


{{ancora+|670|[[Aeneis/Liber I#670|670.]]}} {{sc|'''phoenissa'''}} de Phoenice. {{sc|'''tenet'''}} moratur. {{sc|'''blandis vocibvs'''}} ideo dixit 'blandis', ut ostenderet Didonem facile amore incendi posse, quae ante iam blanda est, quam amat. 

{{ancora+|671|[[Aeneis/Liber I#671|671.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo se ivnonia vertant hospitia'''}}  'quo' in quam partem. 'Iunonia' autem 'hospitia' Carthaginem dicit, ubi habitabat Iuno, ut &quot;hic illius arma&quot;: aut certe hoc ipsum uereor, quod Aeneae Carthago in hospitium patuit, ut est &quot;timeo Danaos et dona ferentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|672|[[Aeneis/Liber I#672|672.]]}} {{sc|'''havd tanto cessabit cardine rervm'''}}  aut g-deiktikos dixit, ne in tantum quidem, hoc est breui occasione cessabit; aut simpliciter intellegendum est, non poterit in tanta rerum opportunitate cessare, ut sit de prouerbio tractum, quo dicitur 'res in cardine est', hoc est in articulo. quidam sic intellegunt: cum in incerto statutae res sunt, in cardine esse dicuntur, et translationem uerbi a ianua tractam uolunt, quae motu cardinis hac atque illac inpelli potest. 

{{ancora+|673|[[Aeneis/Liber I#673|673.]]}} {{sc|'''qvocirca'''}} quapropter. {{sc|'''meditor'''}} mente pertracto. 

{{ancora+|674|[[Aeneis/Liber I#674|674.]]}} {{sc|'''ne qvo se nvmine mvtet'''}}  'quo' uel uacat, uel pronomen est. et bene supprimit nomen Iunonis, ne eius frequenti commemoratione Cupidinem terreat; magis enim uult eum intellegere, quam audire Iunonem. aut certe aduerbium est, ut sit, timeo ne se numine Dido aliquam commutet in partem. 

{{ancora+|675|[[Aeneis/Liber I#675|675.]]}} {{sc|'''mecvm'''}} id est cum officio Venerio, nec potest intellegi 'quemadmodum ego'; aliter enim a matre Aeneas amatur, aliter a Didone. {{sc|'''mecvm'''}} per meos amores, id est me adnitente. 

{{ancora+|676|[[Aeneis/Liber I#676|676.]]}} {{sc|'''qva'''}} id est quomodo. {{sc|'''accipe'''}} audi, ut &quot;accipe nunc Danaum insidias&quot;, ut contra 'da' dic; ut &quot;da, non indebita posco&quot; et &quot;da Tityre nobis&quot;. {{sc|'''mentem'''}} dispositionem, consilium. 

{{ancora+|677|[[Aeneis/Liber I#677|677.]]}} {{sc|'''accitv'''}} euocatione. et est quartae declinationis. 

{{ancora+|678|[[Aeneis/Liber I#678|678.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem sidoniam'''}}  quam tenent Sidonii. {{sc|'''mea maxima cvra'''}} et Aeneas cura est, sed Ascanius maxima, &quot;cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus debentur&quot;: et ubique Ascanius maxima cura Veneris introducitur, ut &quot;Veneris iustissima cura&quot;, item &quot;hunc tegere et dirae ualeam subducere pugnae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|679|[[Aeneis/Liber I#679|679.]]}} {{sc|'''dona restantia'''}}  quae restiterunt, quae superfuerunt. et ante pelagus posuit, cum post Troiae euersionem nauigauerit Aeneas. 

{{ancora+|680|[[Aeneis/Liber I#680|680.]]}} {{sc|'''sopitvm somno'''}}  unum quidem est sopor et somnus, sed modo 'sopitum' inrigatum intellegimus. {{sc|'''cythera'''}} sicut supra dictum est genere neutro pluraliter, ut alibi &quot;sunt alta Cythera&quot;. 


{{ancora+|681|[[Aeneis/Liber I#681|681.]]}} {{sc|'''idalivm'''}} Cypri nemus est, in quo oppidum breue, ut paulo post &quot;Idaliae lucos&quot;, item &quot;Idaliumque nemus&quot;. {{sc|'''sacrata sede'''}} uel templi uel oppidi. 

{{ancora+|682|[[Aeneis/Liber I#682|682.]]}} {{sc|'''ne qva'''}}  'qua' uacat, ut frequenter diximus. {{sc|'''medivs'''}} inportunus, incongruus. 

{{ancora+|683|[[Aeneis/Liber I#683|683.]]}} {{sc|'''tv faciem illivs'''}}  'faciem' pro uultu posuit. nullus enim faciem alterius potest accipere, sed uultum, qui pro mentis qualitate formatur: unde infra est 'et notos pueri puer indue uultus'. {{sc|'''tv faciem illivs'''}} quod difficile numini non est, ut in faciem mutetur alterius. sane 'illius' in Georgicis corripuit, ut &quot;illius inmensae&quot;. {{sc|'''noctem non amplivs vnam'''}} ut supra diximus artis poeticae est non omnia dicere: unde nunc praemisit 'noctem unam'; nec enim dicturus est aut abscessum Cupidinis aut aduentum Ascanii. 

{{ancora+|684|[[Aeneis/Liber I#684|684.]]}} {{sc|'''pveri pver'''}}  argumentum a facili. {{sc|'''laetissima dido'''}} non est epitheton perpetuum, id est cum laeta esse coeperit. 

{{ancora+|686|[[Aeneis/Liber I#686|686.]]}} {{sc|'''regales inter mensas'''}}  epulas intemperantes, in quibus castitas rara est et facilis amoris occasio: unde est &quot;sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus&quot;. {{sc|'''laticemqve lyaevm'''}} latex proprie aqua est fontium ab eo quod intra terrae uenas lateat, sed et uinum latet intra uuam, unde nunc dixit laticem. 'Lyaeum' autem pro 'Lyaeium' dixit, figurate ponens principalitatem pro deriuatione. 

{{ancora+|688|[[Aeneis/Liber I#688|688.]]}} {{sc|'''occvltvm inspires ignem'''}}  definitio amoris est ignis occultus. {{sc|'''veneno'''}} uenenum dictum ab eo quod per uenas eat. ideo post ait &quot;longumque bibebat amorem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|689|[[Aeneis/Liber I#689|689.]]}} {{sc|'''paret amor dictis'''}}  ut supra pro Cupidine amorem ponit. sane notandum, quod interdum ubi inducit minorem festinantem parere, maiori respondentem eum non facit, ut hoc loco Cupidinem, ut in quarto &quot;ille patris magni parere parabat imperio&quot;, et in septimo &quot;exin Gorgoneis Alecto infecta uenenis&quot;. 


{{ancora+|690|[[Aeneis/Liber I#690|690.]]}} {{sc|'''et alas exvit'''}}  laus ingens Ascanii per transitum, siquidem Cupido alis tantum depositis Ascanius fuit. 

{{ancora+|691|[[Aeneis/Liber I#691|691.]]}} {{sc|'''placidam per membra qvietem'''}}  aut epitheton est quietis, aut ideo 'placidam' dixit, quia est quies, quae potest etiam somniorum terrore turbari. 

{{ancora+|692|[[Aeneis/Liber I#692|692.]]}} {{sc|'''inrigat'''}} infundit: proprie quia et somnus sic pingitur quasi cornu infundat. {{sc|'''fotvm'''}} sublatum, complexum. 

{{ancora+|693|[[Aeneis/Liber I#693|693.]]}} {{sc|'''amaracvs'''}} hic puer regius unguentarius fuit, qui casu lapsus dum ferret unguenta, maiorem ex unguentorum confusione odorem creauit: unde optima unguenta amaracina dicuntur. hic postea in herbam sampsucum uersus est, quam nunc etiam amaracum dicunt. 

{{ancora+|695|[[Aeneis/Liber I#695|695.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve ibat'''}}  cum uix Venus ista dixisset. sane neque festinantibus personis neque minoribus est respondendi facultas, ut hoc loco Cupidini, Mercurio supra, item in quarto, ut in septimo Furiae. 

{{ancora+|697|[[Aeneis/Liber I#697|697.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm venit'''}}  aut pro 'cum ueniret', aut ut 'cum' sit aduerbium temporis pro dum; nec enim potest coniunctiui modi particula iungi indicatiuo. sane sciendum, malo errore 'cum' et 'dum' a Romanis esse confusa. {{sc|'''avlaeis'''}} uelis pictis, quae ideo aulaea dicta sunt, quod primum in aula Attali regis Asiae, qui populum Romanum scripsit heredem, inuenta sunt. ideo autem etiam in domibus tendebantur aulaea, ut imitatio tentoriorum fieret, sub quibus bellantes semper habitauere maiores: unde et in thalamis hoc fieri hodieque conspicimus. Varro tamen dicit uela solere suspendi ad excipiendum puluerem, quia usus camerae ignorabatur: unde Horatius &quot;interea suspensa grauis aulaea ruinas in patinam fecere, trahentia pulueris atri, quantum non Aquilo Campanis excitat oris&quot;. sciendum sane omnia Graeca nomina in e exeuntia, cum deriuationem faciunt, e in ae diphthongon conuertere, ut aule aulaea, g-Ideh Idaea, g-Aitneh Aetnaea. {{sc|'''svperbis'''}} nobilibus, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;. 

{{ancora+|698|[[Aeneis/Liber I#698|698.]]}} {{sc|'''avrea'''}} si 'Dido aurea', pulchram significat, et est nominatiuus, si 'sponda aurea', septimus quidem est, sed synizesis fit, et spondeus est. {{sc|'''sponda'''}} antiqui stibadia non habebant, sed stratis tribus lectis epulabantur, unde et triclinium sterni dicitur. sic Cicero &quot;sterni triclinia, et in foro sterni iubebat&quot;. unde apparet errare eos, qui triclinium dicunt ipsam basilicam uel cenationem. {{sc|'''mediamqve locavit'''}} ipse enim apud maiores domini fuerat locus, ut aperte Sallustius docet &quot;igitur discubuere: Sertorius inferior in medio, super eum L- Fabius Hispaniensis senator ex proscriptis; in summo Antonius, et infra scriba Sertorii Versius; et alter scriba Maecenas in imo, medius inter Tarquinium et dominum Perpernam&quot;. {{sc|'''locavit'''}} collocauit. 

{{ancora+|699|[[Aeneis/Liber I#699|699.]]}} {{sc|'''iam pater aeneas'''}}  religiosus, quia pater proprie omnium deorum epitheton est, ut ubique ostendit Vergilius. 


{{ancora+|700|[[Aeneis/Liber I#700|700.]]}} {{sc|'''ostro'''}} pro purpura posuit, unde tingitur purpura. 

{{ancora+|701|[[Aeneis/Liber I#701|701.]]}} {{sc|'''dant manibvs famvli lymphas'''}}  humilis character, qui ischnos dicitur; uilia enim describuntur. {{sc|'''cereremqve canistris'''}} hic panem, alibi triticum, ut &quot;tum Cererem corruptam undis&quot;. {{sc|'''expedivnt'''}} proferunt. TONSISQUE FERUNT MANTELIA VILLIS 'tonsis uillis' uel minutis uel conpositis, ut &quot;tonsa coma, pressa corona est&quot;; constat enim maiores mappas habuisse uillosas, quibus etiam in sacris utebantur, sicut in georgicis &quot;manibus liquidos dant ordine fontis germanae, tonsisque ferunt mantelia uillis&quot;; de supplicaturis enim hoc dixit. 'mantelia' uero a manibus tergendis dicta, et est nominatiuus mantele, quo modo torale. quod autem legimus &quot;ne turpe toral&quot;, apocope est. 

{{ancora+|703|[[Aeneis/Liber I#703|703.]]}} {{sc|'''qvinqvaginta'''}} hoc est multae. {{sc|'''ordine longo'''}} id est dispositione, secundum Tullium, qui in oeconomicis dicit, quid ubi ponendum sit; nec enim debent uniuersa confundi. {{sc|'''cvra penvm strvere'''}} inter penum et cellarium hoc interest, quod cellarium est paucorum dierum, unde et in cellam dicitur imperatum frumentum, penus uero temporis longi. sane dicimus et hic et haec et hoc penus, sed a masculino et a feminino genere quarta est declinatio, a neutro tertia, quo modo pecus pecoris. unde Horatius &quot;portet frumenta penusque&quot;, masculino uero genere Plautus &quot;nisi mihi annuus penus datur&quot;, feminino Lucilius posuit, ut &quot;uxori legata penus&quot;. quartae autem declinationis esse Persius docet, ut in &quot;locuplete penu defensis pinguibus Umbris&quot;. 

{{ancora+|704|[[Aeneis/Liber I#704|704.]]}} {{sc|'''strvere'''}} ordinare, conponere, unde et structores dicuntur ferculorum conpositores. {{sc|'''et flammis adolere penates'''}} colere. sed adolere proprie est augere. in sacris autem kat' euphemismon adolere per bonum omen dicitur; nam in aris non adolentur aliqua, sed cremantur et consumuntur. {{sc|'''et flammis adolere penates'''}} quia ueteres in focis sacrificabant, ut ipse alibi &quot;hortor amare focos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|705|[[Aeneis/Liber I#705|705.]]}} {{sc|'''totidemqve pares aetate ministri'''}}  non numerus habet admirationem, sed aetatis aequalitas. 

{{ancora+|706|[[Aeneis/Liber I#706|706.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi dapibvs mensas onerent'''}}  dapes regum sunt, epulae priuatorum. 'onerent' autem potest et ad abundantiam retulisse et de ueterum more dixisse, quibus cum accubuissent omnis cena semel adponebatur. et quidam uolunt hoc secundum ueterem caerimoniarum ritum aduerti debere, quod flamini Diali mensa inanis non anteponebatur; nam cum dicit 'qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant', et alibi &quot;et uina reponite mensis&quot;, quid aliud ostendit, quam mensam uacuam non antepositam Aeneae, quem ubique omnia sacerdotia inducit habuisse? {{sc|'''et pocvla ponant'''}} secundum antiquum locutus est morem, quia ueteribus non in manus dabantur pocula, sed mensis adponebantur, ut hodieque apud plures pocula in canistris argenteis adponuntur, quae canistra siccaria dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|708|[[Aeneis/Liber I#708|708.]]}} {{sc|'''toris pictis'''}}  pro in toris pictis. et torus dictus est, quod ueteres super herbam tortam uel sedebant uel discumbebant, ut &quot;proximus ut uiridante toro consederat herbae&quot;. {{sc|'''ivssi discvmbere'''}} bene 'iussi' de regiis satellitibus dixit, qui utique subiecti habebantur imperio, nec tamquam hospites fuerant inuitati. discumbere autem iuxta consuetudinem suorum temporum dixit, quia olim sedentes uescebantur, ut ipse alibi &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|709|[[Aeneis/Liber I#709|709.]]}} {{sc|'''mirantvr dona aeneae'''}} , {{sc|'''mirantvr ivlvm'''}} hoc ad Tyrios rettulit. {{sc|'''mirantvr ivlvm'''}} quem putabant Iulum. 


{{ancora+|710|[[Aeneis/Liber I#710|710.]]}} {{sc|'''flagrantisqve dei vvltvs'''}}  hoc ad poetam refertur. {{sc|'''flagrantis'''}} ardentis diuinitate. {{sc|'''simvlataqve verba'''}} conposita in Ascanii similitudinem. et hoc ex persona poetae accipiendum 

{{ancora+|712|[[Aeneis/Liber I#712|712.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipve infelix'''}}  propter casum futurum, ut probant sequentia 'pesti deuota futurae'. ideo ergo infelix. 'pesti' autem amori uel malo. 'deuota' uero de oratione Augusti translata locutio, quam habuit in laudatione funeris Marcelli, cum diceret, illum inmaturae morti deuotum fuisse. 

{{ancora+|713|[[Aeneis/Liber I#713|713.]]}} {{sc|'''expleri mentem neqvit'''}}  Graeca figura est. {{sc|'''tvendo'''}} dum intuetur. et omnis gerundi modus tam ab agentis quam a patientis significatione similiter profertur, ut &quot;cantando tu illum&quot;, id est dum cantas, et &quot;frigidus in pratis cantando rumpitur anguis&quot;, id est dum ei cantatur. 

{{ancora+|714|[[Aeneis/Liber I#714|714.]]}} {{sc|'''ille vbi'''}}  postquam, ut Horatius &quot;nos ubi decidimus&quot;, hoc est postquam; nam si loci esset, 'quo' diceret. ergo 'ubi' interdum aduerbium loci est, interdum temporis. 

{{ancora+|716|[[Aeneis/Liber I#716|716.]]}} {{sc|'''et magnvm'''}}  arduum; difficile est enim imitari uerum filii adfectum. {{sc|'''falsi implevit genitoris amorem'''}} non ueri, uel pro eo qui fallebatur, ut sit, impleuit amorem eius quem decipiebat simulando eum esse patrem suum, et est magis absolutum participium; nam illic nomen est &quot;falsi Simoentis ad undam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|717|[[Aeneis/Liber I#717|717.]]}} {{sc|'''reginam petit'''}}  non simpliciter dixit 'petit'; nam petere est proprie insidiari. 

{{ancora+|718|[[Aeneis/Liber I#718|718.]]}} {{sc|'''gremio fovet'''}}  sustinet, ut &quot;et fotum gremio&quot;. 

{{ancora+|719|[[Aeneis/Liber I#719|719.]]}} {{sc|'''insidat'''}} in sinu sedeat, legitur tamen et 'insideat', id est ut quidam uolunt insidias faciat. {{sc|'''at memor ille matris'''}} hoc est praeceptorum matris. 


{{ancora+|720|[[Aeneis/Liber I#720|720.]]}} {{sc|'''acidaliae'''}} Acidalia Venus dicitur uel quia inicit curas, quas Graeci g-akidas dicunt, uel certe a fonte Acidalio qui est in Orchomeno Boeotiae ciuitate, in quo se Gratiae lauant, quas Veneri esse constat sacratas; ipsius enim et Liberi filiae sunt: nec immerito; gratiae enim per horum fere numinum munera conciliantur. ideo autem nudae sunt, quod gratiae sine fuco esse debent, ideo conexae, quia insolubiles esse gratias decet: Horatius &quot;segnesque nodum soluere Gratiae&quot;. quod uero una auersa pingitur, duae nos respicientes, haec ratio est, quia profecta a nobis gratia duplex solet reuerti, unde est supra &quot;nec te certasse priorem paeniteat&quot;. sane Veneri multa nomina pro locis uel causis dicuntur inposita. nam Venerem uocari quidam propter promptam ueniam dicunt. alii &quot;Suadam&quot; appellant, quod ipsa conciliatio Suada sit. dicitur etiam &quot;Obsequens VenusV, quam Fabius Gurges post peractum bellum Samniticum ideo hoc nomine consecrauit, quod sibi fuerit obsecuta: hanc Itali &quot;Postuotam&quot; dicunt. dicta est etiam &quot;Equestris Venus&quot;, dicta et &quot;Cloacina&quot;, quia ueteres cloare purgare dixerunt. dicitur et &quot;Myrica&quot; et &quot;Myrtea&quot; et &quot;Purpurissa&quot;. est et &quot;Erycina&quot;, quam Aeneas secum aduexit. dicitur et &quot;Salacia&quot;, quae proprie meretricum dea appellata est a ueteribus, et &quot;Lubentina&quot;, quae lubentiam mentibus nouam praestat, quamuis alii hanc &quot;Lubiam&quot; dicant, quod eo numine consilia in medullas labantur. alii &quot;Mimnerniam&quot; uel &quot;Meminiam&quot; dicunt, quod meminerit omnium. est et &quot;Verticordia&quot;, est et &quot;Militaris VenusV, est et &quot;Limnesia&quot; quae portubus praeest. ipsa et &quot;Victrix&quot; et &quot;Genetrix&quot; ex Caesaris somnio sacrata. est et &quot;Venus Calua&quot; ob hanc causam, quod cum Galli Capitolium obsiderent et deessent funes Romanis ad tormenta facienda, prima Domitia crinem suum, post ceterae matronae imitatae eam exsecuerunt, unde facta tormenta, et post bellum statua Veneri hoc nomine collocata est, licet alii Caluam Venerem quasi puram tradant, alii Caluam, quod corda amantum caluiat, id est fallat atque eludat. quidam dicunt porrigine olim capillos cecidisse feminis et Ancum regem suae uxori statuam caluam posuisse, quod constitit piaculo; nam post omnibus feminis capilli renati sunt, unde institutum, ut Calua Venus coleretur. apud Cyprios Venus in modum umbilici, uel ut quidam uolunt, metae colitur. apud Ephesios &quot;Venerem Automatam&quot; dixerunt, uel &quot;Epidaetiam&quot;. ratio autem horum nominum talis est. Meliboea et Alexis amore se mutuo dilexerunt et iuramento se adstrinxerunt, ut cum tempus nuptiarum uenisset sibimet iungerentur: sed cum uirginem parentes sui alii despondissent et hoc Alexis uidisset, spontaneum subiit exilium. uirgo autem ipso nuptiarum die semet de tecto praecipitauit: quae cum inlaesa decidisset, in fugam conuersa peruenit ad litus ibique scapham ascendit, ex qua sponte funes soluti esse dicuntur. uoluntate itaque deorum peruecta est ubi amator morabatur: quam cum ille parans cum sodalibus conuiuium suscepisset, pro ipso rei euentu templum constituit. quod ergo sponte fuissent ⟨funes⟩ soluti, Automatae Veneri nomen sacrauit, quodque cum epulas pararet uirgo ei aquis fuisset aduecta, Epidaetiae sacrauit. {{sc|'''abolere sichaevm incipit'''}} ordo naturalis. prius enim est auellere inhaerentia, et post noua inferre. sic Terentius &quot;ut metum in quo nunc est adimam atque expleam animum gaudio&quot;. 

{{ancora+|721|[[Aeneis/Liber I#721|721.]]}} {{sc|'''vivo amore'''}}  aut uiui hominis, aut certe uehementi. {{sc|'''praevertere'''}} praeoccupare: propter Iunonem sine dubio. 

{{ancora+|722|[[Aeneis/Liber I#722|722.]]}} {{sc|'''resides'''}} pigros, ad amandum inertes; iurauerat enim nulli se esse nupturam. resides sane milites otiosi et pigri dicuntur, ut &quot;residesque mouebit Tullus in arma uiros&quot;. unde contra instantes dicimus industrios. 

{{ancora+|723|[[Aeneis/Liber I#723|723.]]}} {{sc|'''qvies epvlis'''}}  propter regalem affluentiam. contra supra ait &quot;postquam exempta fames&quot;. {{sc|'''mensaeqve remotae'''}} licet sub extranea persona, Romanorum tamen exsequitur morem, apud quos duae mensae erant: una epularum, altera poculorum. 

{{ancora+|724|[[Aeneis/Liber I#724|724.]]}} {{sc|'''crateras'''}} Graecum est ab eo quod est 'hic crater'; nam Latine haec cratera dicitur, unde Persius &quot;si tibi crateras argenti incusaque pingui auro dona feram&quot;. ET VINA CORONANT 'uina' pro poculis posuit, et est tropus synecdoche, ut Cererem dicimus pro frumento. sic Plautus &quot;uinum precemur; nam hic deus praesens adest&quot;. 'coronant' autem est aut inplent usque ad marginem, aut quia antiqui coronabant pocula, et sic libabant: unde est &quot;magnum cratera corona induit, inpleuitque mero&quot;. 

{{ancora+|725|[[Aeneis/Liber I#725|725.]]}} {{sc|'''it strepitvs tectis'''}}  id est ad tecta, ut &quot;it clamor caelo&quot;. legitur autem et 'fit strepitus tectis'. 

{{ancora+|726|[[Aeneis/Liber I#726|726.]]}} {{sc|'''atria'''}} ut supra diximus, tangit Romanam historiam; nam ut ait Cato et in atrio et duobus ferculis epulabantur antiqui: unde ait Iuuenalis &quot;quis fercula septem secreto cenauit auus?&quot; ibi etiam pecunias habebant: unde etiam qui honoratiores erant liminum custodes adhibebantur, ut &quot;qui Dardanio Anchisae armiger ante fuit, fidusque ad limina custos&quot;. ibi et culina erat: unde et atrium dictum est; atrum enim erat ex fumo. alii dicunt Atriam Etruriae ciuitatem fuisse, quae domos amplis uestibulis habebat: quae cum Romani imitarentur atria appellauerunt. alii atria magnas aedes et capacissimas dictas tradunt, unde atria Licinia et atrium Libertatis. {{sc|'''lychni'''}} graeco sermone usus est, ne uile aliquid introferret. a lychno autem lucerna dicta est, unde et breuis est 'lu', ut Iuuenalis &quot;dispositae pinguem nebulam uomuere lucernae&quot;. Horatius &quot;ungor oliuo, non quo furatis inmundus Natta lucernis&quot;. si enim a luce diceretur, non staret uersus. {{sc|'''laqvearibvs'''}} principaliter lacus dicitur, ut Lucilius &quot;resultant aedesque lacusque&quot;; diminutio lacunar facit, ut Horatius &quot;nec mea renidet in domo lacunar&quot;; inde fit alia diminutio lacunarium et per antistoichon laquearium. legitur et lacuaribus. Cicero Tusculanarum &quot;tectis caelatis lacuatis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|727|[[Aeneis/Liber I#727|727.]]}} {{sc|'''noctem vincvnt'''}}  luminis est exaggeratio. FUNALIA 'funalia' sunt quae intra ceram sunt, dicta a funibus, quos ante usum papyri cera circumdatos habuere maiores: unde et funera dicuntur, quod funes incensos mortuis praeferebant. alii funalia appellarunt quod in cicendula lucet, quos Graeci g-pursous uocant: Varro de uita P- R- &quot;facibus aut candela simplici ;aut ex eo funiculo facto, earum uestigia quod ubi ea figebant appellarunt funalia&quot;. non nulli apud ueteres candelabra dicta tradunt quae in capitibus uncinos haberent, quibus affigi solebant uel candelae uel funes pice delibuti: quae interdum erant minora, ut gestari manu et praeferri magistratibus a cena remeantibus possent. 

{{ancora+|728|[[Aeneis/Liber I#728|728.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} tunc; est ergo aduerbium temporis. 

{{ancora+|729|[[Aeneis/Liber I#729|729.]]}} {{sc|'''qvam belvs'''}}  primus rex Assyriorum, ut supra diximus, quos constat Saturnum, quem et Solem dicunt, Iunonemque coluisse, quae numina etiam apud Afros postea culta sunt. unde et lingua Punica Bal deus dicitur. apud Assyrios autem Bel dicitur quadam sacrorum ratione et Saturnus et Sol. alii hunc Belum Saturni temporibus regnasse eiusdemque dei hospitem fuisse tradunt. 


{{ancora+|730|[[Aeneis/Liber I#730|730.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm facta silentia tectis'''}}  mos erat apud ueteres, ut lumine incenso silentium praeberetur, ut optatiuam sibi laudem loquendo nullus auerteret. apud Romanos etiam cena edita sublatisque mensis primis silentium fieri solebat, quoad ea quae de cena libata fuerant ad focum ferrentur et in ignem darentur, ac puer deos propitios nuntiasset, ut diis honor haberetur tacendo que nos cum intercessit inter cenandum, Graeci quoque g-theohn g-parousian dicunt. 

{{ancora+|731|[[Aeneis/Liber I#731|731.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitibvs nam te dare ivra loqvvntvr'''}}  scilicet exemplo Lycaonis, qui cum hospites susceptos hospitio necaret, a suscepto Ioue, postquam ei epulas humanas adposuit, uersus in lupum ostendit hospitii iura non esse uiolanda. 

{{ancora+|732|[[Aeneis/Liber I#732|732.]]}} {{sc|'''tyriisqve diem'''}}  atqui nox erat, sed per 'diem' accipimus et noctem. et quidam uolunt masculini generis 'diem' bonum significare, feminini malum. {{sc|'''troiaqve profectis'''}} bene noluit 'profugis' dicere. 

{{ancora+|733|[[Aeneis/Liber I#733|733.]]}} {{sc|'''esse velis'''}}  secundum Etruscam disciplinam locutus est; sic enim dicunt 'uolens propitiusque sis'. 

{{ancora+|734|[[Aeneis/Liber I#734|734.]]}} {{sc|'''adsit laetitiae bacchvs dator'''}}  alii 'adsis' legunt, secundum quos 'Bacchus' aut antiptosis est, aut antiquus uocatiuus, ut &quot;socer arma Latinus habeto&quot;. {{sc|'''dator'''}} bene autem addidit 'dator laetitiae', quia est et dator furoris. {{sc|'''et bona ivno'''}} aut propitia, id est non irata Troianis, ut &quot;sis bonus o felixque tuis&quot;, aut magis 'bona' caelestis; est enim et inferna, ut &quot;Iunoni infernae dictus sacer&quot;. aut, sicut supra dictum est, chreste, quod est bona, quam inter penates Troiani habuisse dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|735|[[Aeneis/Liber I#735|735.]]}} {{sc|'''coetvm'''}} modo conuiuium; et bono uerbo ad dignitatem duorum in uno populorum usus est. 

{{ancora+|736|[[Aeneis/Liber I#736|736.]]}} {{sc|'''laticvm libavit honorem'''}}  more sacrorum: et tangit ritum Romanorum, qui panicias sacratasque mensas habebant, in quas libabant, ut est &quot;heus etiam mensas consumimus, inquit Iulus&quot;. {{sc|'''laticvm libavit honorem'''}} diis enim hospitalibus et Ioui in mensam libabatur. 

{{ancora+|737|[[Aeneis/Liber I#737|737.]]}} {{sc|'''libato'''}} delibato. {{sc|'''svmmo tenvs'''}} usque ad labra. {{sc|'''attigit ore'''}} et uerecundiam reginae ostendit, et morem Romanum. nam apud maiores nostros feminae non utebantur uino, nisi sacrorum causa certis diebus. denique femina quae sub Romulo uinum bibit occisa est a marito, Mecennius absolutus, id enim nomen marito. sic Granius Licinianus cenae suae. 

{{ancora+|738|[[Aeneis/Liber I#738|738.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm bitiae'''}}  per transitum Poenorum ducum nomina introducit. nam Bitias classis Punicae fuit praefectus, ut docet Liuius, Iopas uero rex Afrorum, unus de procis Didonis, ut Punica testatur historia. seruauit autem to prepon: quare non Aeneae dedit, ne aut contumeliosum uideretur aut petulans. {{sc|'''increpitans'''}} inclamans, ut &quot;aestatem increpitans seram&quot;, aut certe arguens familiariter segnitiem tarde accipientis, cum esset auidus in bibendo; nam sequitur 'ille inpiger'. melius tamen accipimus clara uoce hortatum, ut Plautus &quot;neque ego ad mensam publicas res clamo, neque leges crepo&quot; et Horatius &quot;quis post uina grauem militiam aut pauperiem crepet?&quot; {{sc|'''havsit'''}} modo accepit, nec possumus intellegere bibit, cum hoc sequatur 'et pleno se proluit auro'. alibi uidit, ut &quot;hausit caelum mentemque recepit&quot;, alibi audiuit, ut &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;, alibi uulnerat, ut &quot;latus haurit apertum&quot;. et multa alia pro loco significat. 

{{ancora+|739|[[Aeneis/Liber I#739|739.]]}} {{sc|'''prolvit'''}} bibendo profudit. 


{{ancora+|740|[[Aeneis/Liber I#740|740.]]}} {{sc|'''post alii proceres'''}}  ergo et Bitias unus est de proceribus; nam exoche sine similitudine numquam fit. sane 'proceres' de his est quae nominatiuum in usu non habent, ut supra &quot;et uictor dicione tenebat&quot;. nam nec hoc in usu habet nominatiuum, licet in conpositione dicamus condicio. proceres autem ideo secundum Varronem principes ciuitatis dicuntur, quia eminent in ea, sicut in aedificiis mutuli quidam, hoc est capita trabium, quae proceres nominantur. {{sc|'''crinitvs iopas'''}} aut puerum intellege, aut imitabatur Apollinis formam, cuius fuerat etiam artis imitator. 

{{ancora+|741|[[Aeneis/Liber I#741|741.]]}} {{sc|'''docvit qvae maximvs atlas'''}}  'quae' legendum est non 'quem'; nec enim istum docere potuit, qui Didonis erat temporibus, sed docuit Herculem: unde et dicitur ab Atlante caelum sustinuisse susceptum propter caeli scientiam traditam. constat enim Herculem fuisse philosophum, et ⟨haec⟩ est ratio, cur illa omnia monstra uidicit Nilum Melonem uocari, Atlantem uero Telamonem. {{sc|'''docvit qvae maximvs atlas'''}} id est quae ipse scit, quae ipse modulatus est - - hic Atlas Iapeti filius in Africa natus dicitur. hic quod annum in tempora diuiserit et primus stellarum cursus uel circulorum uel siderum transitus naturasque descripserit, caelum dictus est sustinere. qui nepotem suum Mercurium et Herculem docuisse dicitur. 

{{ancora+|742|[[Aeneis/Liber I#742|742.]]}} {{sc|'''hic canit'''}}  bene philosophica introducitur cantilena in conuiuio reginae adhuc castae: contra inter nymphas, ubi solae feminae erant, ait &quot;Vulcani Martisque dolos et dulcia furta&quot;. {{sc|'''errantem lvnam'''}} quia g-helikoeidehs est, id est obliquo incedit cursu, non recto, ut Sol: scilicet ne incidat in centrum terrae et frequenter patiatur eclipsin; uicinus enim est eius circulus terrae. SOLISQUE LABORES 'canit' per omnia intellegimus. planetae septem sunt, Saturnus Iuppiter Mars Sol Venus Mercurius Luna. sed quinque et contra mundum feruntur, et cum mundo quando retrogradi sunt; Sol uero et Luna semper contra mundum. ideo ergo dixit 'Solis labores': laborat enim nitens contra uenientis sphaerae uolubilitatem. nec nos debet Homerus mouere, qui ait g-hehlion g-akamanta; non enim eum dixit non laborare, sed laborem non sentire. {{sc|'''lvnam solisqve labores'''}} amat sane ubique Solem et Lunam iungere. 

{{ancora+|743|[[Aeneis/Liber I#743|743.]]}} {{sc|'''vnde hominvm genvs'''}}  si fabulam respicis, a Prometheo intellege, uel a Deucalione et Pyrrha; si autem ueritatem requiris, igni, alii de atomis, alii de quattuor elementis. {{sc|'''pecvdes'''}} pro omnibus posuit. {{sc|'''vnde imber'''}} scilicet de nubibus, quae secundum Lucretium de terrae anhelitu nascuntur, qui nebulas creat: quae cum altius fuerint eleuatae, aut solis calore resolutae aut ui uentorum conpressae mittunt leues pluuias uel exprimunt concitatiores. {{sc|'''et ignes'''}} scilicet ex nubium conlisione. nam omnium rerum conlisio ignem creat, ut in lapidibus cernimus, uel attritu rotarum, uel in siluis arborum. 

{{ancora+|744|[[Aeneis/Liber I#744|744.]]}} {{sc|'''arctvrvm'''}} stella est post caudam maioris ursae, posita in signo bootae, unde arcturus dicta est, quasi g-arktou g-oura. hanc quidam agere arcton dicunt, quia arceram ueteres uehiculum uocabant. haec autem ut fabulae loquuntur Callisto fuit, comes Dianae, quam Iuppiter mutatus in Dianam stuprauit, ex qua natus est filius nomine Arcas. cetera in libro I. georgicorum plenius narrata sunt. {{sc|'''plvviasqve hyadas'''}} hyades stellae sunt in fronte tauri, quae quotiens nascuntur pluuias creant: unde et Graece g-huades dictae sunt g-apo g-tou g-huein, Latine suculae a suco. sic ergo ait 'pluuiasque hyades', ut &quot;Plemyrium undosum&quot;. alii dicunt hyadas dictas uel ab y littera uel g-apo g-tou g-huos, id est sue, in cuius formatae sunt faciem: nam ideo eas quidam suculas, sues scilicet, dici tradunt. has quidam uergilias dicunt, quod uere florido oriantur. hae autem fuerunt ut alii dicunt, Atlantis filiae, ut alii Liberi nutrices, quae se in pelagus furore praecipitauerunt. alii Erechthei filias pro patria se morti obtulisse aiunt, quas Pliadas uocant, quod Pleiones filiae esse dicantur. quidam hyadas ab Hyante fratre, quem inuentum extinctum usque ad mortem doluerunt, dictas putant. {{sc|'''geminosqve triones'''}} id est septemtriones, id est Helicen et Cynosuram; non enim semper de duobus dicunt geminos, sed de pluribus. et proprie triones sunt boues aratorii, qui terram terunt. non ergo incongrue dixit 'triones', quia septemtriones plaustra a nonnullis dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|745|[[Aeneis/Liber I#745|745.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid'''}} quam ob causam 'properent se tinguere soles hiberni'. ratio hoc facit hemisphaerii, quia hieme breuiore sol utitur circulo. {{sc|'''tingvere'''}} demergere. {{sc|'''soles'''}} uero pro diebus posuit, ut &quot;tris adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|746|[[Aeneis/Liber I#746|746.]]}} {{sc|'''vel qvae tardis mora noctibvs obstet'''}}  id est aestiuis, tarde uenientibus; 'uel' enim disiunctiua est coniunctio, nec patitur bis eandem rem dici: ergo hoc dicit, quae causa est longorum dierum. sed et hic ratio hemisphaerii est. {{sc|'''tardis'''}} non longis. 

{{ancora+|747|[[Aeneis/Liber I#747|747.]]}} {{sc|'''ingeminant plavsv tyrii troesqve seqvvntvr'''}}  imitantur. et bono usus est ordine, ut prius plauderent ciues; nec enim aliter poterant audere peregrini, qui exspectabant, ut noscerent morem: unde supra et &quot;uos o coetum Tyrii celebrate fauentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|748|[[Aeneis/Liber I#748|748.]]}} {{sc|'''nec non et vario'''}}  arte poetica utitur, ut praemittat aliquid, quo sequens liber uideatur esse coniunctus: quod in omnibus seruat. 

{{ancora+|749|[[Aeneis/Liber I#749|749.]]}} {{sc|'''longvm'''}} hic permaturum, aut qui non erat nisi ipsius morte finiendus. {{sc|'''bibebat amorem'''}} adlusit ad conuiuium. sic Anacreon &quot;erota pinon&quot;. 


{{ancora+|750|[[Aeneis/Liber I#750|750.]]}} {{sc|'''svper priamo'''}}  de Priamo. nam eius praepositionis officio fungitur, pro qua ponitur, ut supra &quot;et sub noctem cura recursat&quot;, id est circa noctem. et sciendum, quod cum tempus significatur, 'sub' praepositio accusatiuo haeret semper. {{sc|'''rogitans'''}} scilicet quo modo sit uenditus rex; uel qui eum post decennale bellum exitus tulerit. 

{{ancora+|751|[[Aeneis/Liber I#751|751.]]}} {{sc|'''avrorae filivs'''}}  Memnon. ideo autem dixit 'quibus ar- mis', quia Vulcaniis armis usus fuisse narratur. {{sc|'''avrorae filivs armis'''}} quia etiam ei fecerat arma Vulcanus. qui cum auxilium Troianis ferret, apud Troiam occisus est. hic in tanto amore apud suos socios fuit, ut post eius mortem cum eum nimium deflerent miseratione deorum in aues conuersi dicantur et quotannis uenire ad tumulum eius et ibi lamentatione et fletibus se dilacerare, donec aliquantae ibidem moriantur. 

{{ancora+|752|[[Aeneis/Liber I#752|752.]]}} {{sc|'''qvales diomedis eqvi'''}}  non debemus eos equos intellegere, quos Aeneae sustulit, nec enim congruit; sed de his interrogat, quos sustulit Rheso. 'quales' autem dixit, ac si diceret, anne sic feroces ut illi a quibus ducebant originem. Diomedes enim, rex Thracum, habuit equos qui humanis carnibus uescebantur. hos Hercules occiso crudeli tyranno abduxisse perhibetur: de quibus dicuntur supra memorati equi originem ducere. aut ideo 'quales', qui potuerint esse ita diuini, ut inter fatalia Troiana numerarentur; nam ideo et supra &quot;ardentes&quot; ait. 

{{ancora+|753|[[Aeneis/Liber I#753|753.]]}} {{sc|'''immo age'''}}  uidit specialia cito posse finiri, et contulit se ad generalitatem. {{sc|'''et a prima dic hospes origine nobis'''}} id est a raptu Helenae: quod quidem Dido cupit, sed excusat Aeneas. et dicit ruinam se Troiae breuiter esse dicturum, habita ratione temporis, ut &quot;suadentque cadentia sidera somnos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|754|[[Aeneis/Liber I#754|754.]]}} {{sc|'''insidias danavm'''}}  hoc ad Troianorum fauorem, ne uideantur uirtute esse superati. et laudandum quod 'insidias' tantum dixerit, non et captum Ilium; nam et ipse Aeneas &quot;accipe nunc Danaum insidias&quot;. {{sc|'''casvsqve tvorvm'''}} ut euentu Troia corruerit, non fati necessitate. 

{{ancora+|755|[[Aeneis/Liber I#755|755.]]}} {{sc|'''erroresqve tvos'''}}  et responsio hunc ordinem sequitur. nam primo dicit Troiae ruinam, post errores suos. {{sc|'''septima aestas'''}} per aestates annos intellege; nam sic ante olympiadas conputabant. septem autem annos esse Dido cognouit ex Teucro.

{{liber
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|PostNomen=../Liber II
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|Scriptor=Maurus Servius Honoratus
|OperaeTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|OperaeWikiPagina=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|Annus=circa 380 p.Ch.n.
|SubTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidos [[Aeneis/Liber I|librum I]] commentarius
|Editio=1884, Lipsiae; [[w:de:Georg Thilo|Georg Thilo]]
|Fons=[https://archive.org/details/invergiliicarmin01servuoft/page/1/mode/1up?view=theater archive.org] (partim)
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{{Liber
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|PostNomen=../Liber II
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==Prooemium==
In exponendis auctoribus haec consideranda sunt: poetae uita, titulus operis, qualitas carminis, scribentis intentio, numerus librorum, ordo librorum, explanatio. Vergilii haec uita est. patre Vergilio matre Magia fuit; ciuis Mantuanus, quae ciuitas est Venetiae. diuersis in locis operam litteris dedit; nam et Cremonae et Mediolani et Neapoli studuit. adeo autem uerecundissimus fuit, ut ex moribus cognomen acceperit; nam dictus est Parthenias. omni uita probatus uno tantum morbo laborabat; nam inpatiens libidinis fuit. primum ab hoc distichon factum est in Ballistam latronem:&lt;poem&gt;{{gap|2em}}{{spatium|Monte sub hoc lapidum tegitur Ballista sepultus: 
{{gap|2em}}nocte die tutum carpe uiator iter}}.&lt;/poem&gt;scripsit etiam septem siue octo libros hos : Cirin Aetnam Culicem Priapeia Catalepton Epigrammata Copam Diras. postea ortis bellis ciuilibus inter Antonium et Augustum, Augustus uictor Cremonensium agros, quia pro Antonio senserant, dedit militibus suis. qui cum non sufficerent, his addidit agros Mantuanos, sublatos non propter ciuium culpam, sed propter uicinitatem Cremonensium: unde ipse in bucolicis &quot;Mantua uae miserae nimium uicina Cremonae&quot;. amissis ergo agris Romam uenit et usus patrocinio Pollionis et Maecenatis solus agrum quem amiserat meruit. tunc ei proposuit Pollio ut carmen bucolicum scriberet, quod eum constat triennio scripsisse et emendasse. item proposuit Maecenas Georgica, quae scripsit emendauitque septem annis. postea ab Augusto Aeneidem propositam scripsit annis undecim, sed nec emendauit nec edidit: unde eam moriens praecepit incendi. Augustus uero, ne tantum opus periret, Tuccam et Varium hac lege iussit emendare, ut superflua demerent, nihil adderent tamen: unde et semiplenos eius inuenimus uersiculos, ut &quot;hic cursus fuit&quot;, et aliquos detractos, ut in principio; nam ab armis non coepit, sed sic:&lt;poem&gt;{{gap|2em}}{{spatium|Ille ego, qui quondam gracili modulatus auena
{{gap|2em}}carmen, et egressus siluis uicina coegi
{{gap|2em}}ut quamuis auido parerent arua colono,
{{gap|2em}}gratum opus agricolis, at nunc horrentia Martis
{{gap|2em}}arma uirumque cano}}.&lt;/poem&gt;et in secundo hos uersus constat esse detractos:&lt;poem&gt;{{gap|11em}}{{spatium|aut ignibus aegra dedere.
{{gap|2em}}iamque adeo super unus eram, cum limina Vestae
{{gap|2em}}seruantem et tacitam secreta in sede latentem
{{gap|2em}}Tyndarida aspicio; dant clara incendia lucem
{{gap|2em}}erranti passimque oculos per cuncta ferenti.
{{gap|2em}}illa sibi infestos euersa ob Pergama Teucros
{{gap|2em}}et Danaum poenam et deserti coniugis iras
{{gap|2em}}praemetuens, Troiae et patriae communis erinys,
{{gap|2em}}abdiderat sese atque aris inuisa sedebat.
{{gap|2em}}exarsere ignes animo; subit ira cadentem
{{gap|2em}}ulcisci patriam et sceleratas sumere poenas.
{{gap|2em}}'scilicet haec Spartam incolumis patriasque Mycenas
{{gap|2em}}aspiciet, partoque ibit regina triumpho,
{{gap|2em}}coniugiumque domumque patres natosque uidebit,
{{gap|2em}}Iliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris?
{{gap|2em}}occiderit ferro Priamus? Troia arserit igni?
{{gap|2em}}Dardanium totiens sudarit sanguine litus?
{{gap|2em}}non ita. namque etsi nullum memorabile nomen
{{gap|2em}}feminea in poena est, habet haec uictoria laudem:
{{gap|2em}}extinxisse nefas tamen et sumpsisse merentis
{{gap|2em}}laudabor poenas, animumque explesse iuuabit
{{gap|2em}}† ultricis famam et cineres satiasse meorum.'
{{gap|2em}}talia iactabam et furiata mente ferebar,
{{gap|2em}}cum mihi se non ante alias}}.&lt;/poem&gt;{{c|{{font-size|110%|⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎}}}}
titulus est Aeneis, deriuatiuum nomen ab Aenea, ut a Theseo Theseis. sic Iuuenalis &quot;uexatus totiens rauci Theseide Codri&quot;. qualitas carminis patet; nam est metrum heroicum et actus mixtus, ubi et poeta loquitur et alios inducit loquentes. est autem heroicum quod constat ex diuinis humanisque personis, continens uera cum fictis; nam Aeneam ad Italiam uenisse manifestum est, Venerem uero locutam cum Ioue missumue Mercurium constat esse conpositum. est autem stilus grandiloquus, qui constat alto sermone magnisque sententiis. scimus enim tria esse genera dicendi, humile medium grandiloquum. intentio Vergilii haec est, Homerum imitari et Augustum laudare a parentibus; namque est filius Atiae, quae nata est de Iulia, sorore Caesaris, Iulius autem Caesar ab Iulo Aeneae originem ducit, ut confirmat ipse Vergilius a &quot;magno demissum nomen Iulo&quot;. de numero librorum nulla hic quaestio est, licet in aliis inueniatur auctoribus; nam Plautum alii dicunt unam et uiginti fabulas scripsisse, alii quadraginta, alii centum. ordo quoque manifestus est, licet quidam superflue dicant secundum primum esse, tertium secundum, et primum tertium, ideo quia primo Ilium concidit, post errauit Aeneas, inde ad Didonis regna peruenit, nescientes hanc esse artem poeticam, ut a mediis incipientes per narrationem prima reddamus et non numquam futura praeoccupemus, ut per uaticinationem: quod etiam Horatius sic praecepit in arte poetica &quot;ut iam nunc dicat iam nunc debentia dici, pleraque differat et praesens in tempus omittat&quot;: unde constat perite fecisse Vergilium. sola superest explanatio, quae in sequenti expositione probabitur. haec quantum ad Aeneidem pertinet dixisse sufficiat, nam bucolicorum et georgicorum alia ratio est. sciendum praeterea est quod, sicut nunc dicturi thema proponimus, ita ueteres incipiebant carmen a titulo carminis sui, ut puta &quot;arma uirumque cano&quot;, Lucanus &quot;Bella per Emathios&quot;, Statius &quot;Fraternas acies alternaque regna&quot;. 

{{ancora+|1|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|1.]]}} {{sc|'''arma'''}} multi uarie disserunt cur ab armis Vergilius coeperit, omnes tamen inania sentire manifestum est, cum eum constet aliunde sumpsisse principium, sicut in praemissa eius uita monstratum est. per 'arma' autem bellum significat, et est tropus metonymia. nam arma quibus in bello utimur pro bello posuit, sicut toga qua in pace utimur pro pace ponitur, ut Cicero &quot;cedant arma togae&quot;, id est bellum paci. alii ideo 'arma' hoc loco proprie dicta accipiunt, primo quod fuerint uictricia, secundo quod diuina, tertio quod prope semper armis uirum subiungit, ut &quot;arma uirumque ferens&quot; et &quot;arma acri facienda uiro&quot;. {{sc|'''arma virvmqve'''}} figura usitata est ut non eo ordine respondeamus quo proposuimus; nam prius de erroribus Aeneae dicit, post de bello. hac autem figura etiam in prosa utimur. sic Cicero in Verrinis &quot;nam sine ullo sumptu nostro coriis, tunicis frumentoque suppeditato maximos exercitus nostros uestiuit, aluit, armauit&quot;. non nulli autem hyperbaton putant, ut sit sensus talis 'arma uirumque cano, genus unde Latinum Albanique patres atque altae moenia Romae', mox illa reuoces 'Troiae qui primus ab oris'; sic enim causa operis declaratur, cur cogentibus fatis in Latium uenerit. et est poeticum principium professiuum 'arma uirumque cano', inuocatiuum 'Musa mihi causas memora', narratiuum 'urbs antiqua fuit'. et professiuum quattuor modis sumpsit: a duce 'arma uirumque cano', ab itinere 'Troiae qui primus ab oris', a bello 'multa quoque et bello passus', a generis successu 'genus unde Latinum'. {{sc|'''virvm'''}} quem non dicit, sed circumstantiis ostendit Aeneam. et bene addidit post 'arma' 'uirum', quia arma possunt et aliarum artium instrumenta dici, ut &quot;Cerealiaque arma&quot;. {{sc|'''cano'''}} polysemus sermo est. tria enim significat: aliquando laudo, ut &quot;regemque canebant&quot;; aliquando diuino, ut &quot;ipsa canas oro&quot;; aliquando canto, ut in hoc loco. nam proprie canto significat, quia cantanda sunt carmina. {{sc|'''troiae'''}} Troia regio est Asiae, Ilium ciuitas Troiae; plerumque tamen usurpant poetae et pro ciuitate uel regionem uel prouinciam ponunt, ut Iuuenalis &quot;et flammis Asiam ferroque cadentem&quot;. Probus ait Troiam Graios et Aiax non debere per unam i scribi. {{sc|'''qvi primvs'''}} quaerunt multi, cur Aeneam primum ad Italiam uenisse dixerit, cum paulo post dicat Antenorem ante aduentum Aeneae fundasse ciuitatem. constat quidem, sed habita temporum ratione peritissime Vergilius dixit. namque illo tempore, quo Aeneas ad Italiam uenit, finis erat Italiae usque ad Rubiconem fluuium: cuius rei meminit Lucanus et Gallica certus limes ab Ausoniis disterminat arua colonis. unde apparet Antenorem non ad Italiam uenisse, sed ad Galliam cisalpinam, in qua Venetia est. postea uero promotis usque ad Alpes Italiae finibus, nouitas creauit errorem. plerique tamen quaestionem hanc uolunt ex sequentibus solui, ut uideatur ob hoc addidisse Vergilius 'ad Lauina litora', ne significaret Antenorem. melior tamen est superior expositio. ''{{sc|'''primvs'''}} {ergo} non ante quem nemo, sed post quem nullus, ⟨ut⟩ &quot;tuque o, cui prima furentem fundit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti et hic mihi responsum primus dedit&quot;. uel laudatiue 'primus', ut &quot;primam qui legibus urbem fundabit, Curibus paruis&quot;.'' {{sc|'''ab orbis'''}} speciem pro genere; nam oras terras generaliter debemus accipere. sane praepositionem mutauit, nam 'ex oris' melius potuit dicere.

{{ancora+|2|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|2.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam'''}} ars quidem hoc exigit, ut nominibus prouinciarum praepositiones addamus, ciuitatum numquam. tamen plerumque peruerso ordine lectum est; nam ecce hoc loco detraxit prouinciae praepositionem dicens 'Italiam uenit' pro ad Italiam uenit. Tullius in Verrinis &quot;ea die Verres ad Messanam uenit&quot; pro Messanam uenit. sane sciendum est usurpari ab auctoribus, ut uel addant uel detrahant praepositiones; namque ait Vergilius &quot;siluis te, Tyrrhene, feras agitare putasti&quot; pro in siluis. ut ergo illic detraxit loco praepositionem, sic hic prouinciae. et est figura. Italia autem pars Europae est. Italus enim rex Siculorum profectus de Sicilia uenit ad loca, quae sunt iuxta Tiberim, et ex nomine suo appellauit Italiam. ibi autem habitasse Siculos ubi est Laurolauinium, manifestum est, sicut ipse alio loco dicit &quot;Siculi ueteresque Sicani et gentes uenere Sicanae saepius&quot;. sane 'Italiam' i contra naturam producta est, cum sit natura breuis. {{sc|'''fato profvgvs'''}} 'fato' ad utrumque pertinet, et quod fugit, et quod ad Italiam uenit. et bene addidit 'fato', ne uideatur aut causa criminis patriam deseruisse, aut noui imperii cupiditate. profugus autem proprie dicitur qui procul a sedibus suis uagatur, quasi porro fugatus. multi tamen ita definiunt, ut profugos eos dicant qui exclusi necessitate de suis sedibus adhuc uagantur, et simul atque inuenerint sedes, non dicantur profugi, sed exules. sed utrumque falsum est. nam et profugus lectus est qui iam sedes locauit, ut in Lucano &quot;profugique a gente uetusta Gallorum Celtae miscentes nomen Hiberis&quot;, et exul qui adhuc uagatur, ut in Sallustio &quot;qui nullo certo exilio uagabantur&quot;: adeo exilium est ipsa uagatio. quidam hic 'profugus' participium uolunt. sane non otiose fato profugum dicit Aeneam, uerum ex disciplina Etruscorum. est enim in libro qui inscribitur litterae iuris Etruriae scriptum uocibus Tagae, &quot;eum qui genus a periuris duceret, fato extorrem et profugum esse debere&quot;. porro a Laomedonte periuro genus ducit Aeneas, siquidem alibi ait &quot;satis iam pridem sanguine nostro Laomedonteae luimus periuria Troiae&quot;. {{sc|'''laviniaqve venit litora'''}} haec ciuitas tria habuit nomina. nam primum Lauinum dicta est a Lauino, Latini fratre; postea Laurentum a lauro inuenta a Latino, dum adepto imperio post fratris mortem ciuitatem augeret; postea Lauinium a Lauinia, uxore Aeneae. ergo 'Lauina' legendum est, non 'Lauinia', quia post aduentum Aeneae Lauinium nomen accepit, et aut Lauinum debuit dicere, sicut dixit, aut Laurentum. quamuis quidam superfluo esse prolepsin uelint. sane bene addidit 'Lauina', ut ostenderet ad quam partem Italiae uenisset Aeneas, quia et multi alii eo tempore ad Italiam uenerant, ut Capys, qui Capuam, Polites, qui Politorium condiderunt.

{{ancora+|3|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|3.]]}} {{sc|'''litora'''}} Laurolauinium constat octo milibus a mari remotam. nec nos debet fallere quia dixit 'Lauina litora'. litus enim dicitur terra quoque mari uicina, sicut ipse Vergilius in quarto &quot;cui litus arandum&quot;, cum per naturam litus arari non possit. ergo scire debemus, litus posse et terram dici. Fabius Maximus annalium primo &quot;tum Aeneas aegre patiebatur in eum deuenisse agrum, macerrimum litorosissimumque&quot;. {{sc|'''mvltvm ille'''}} 'multille' conlisio est. et 'ille' hoc loco abundat; est enim interposita particula propter metri necessitatem, ut stet uersus: nam si detrahas 'ille', stat sensus; 'qui primus' enim ad omnia possumus trahere. sic alio loco &quot;nunc dextra ingeminans ictus, nunc ille sinistra&quot;. est autem archaismos. aut certe 'ille', quia haec particula more antiquo aut nobilitati aut magnitudini dabatur, ut &quot;ac uelut ille canum et saucius ille&quot;. {{sc|'''et terris iactatvs'''}} fatigatus est enim apud Thraciam monstro illo, quod e tumulo Polydori sanguis emanauit, apud Cretam pestilentia, apud Strophadas insulas Harpyiis, tempestate uero et in primo et in tertio. iactamur autem in mari fluctibus, fatigamur in terris. et bene duorum elementorum mala uno sermone conplexus est. {{sc|'''et alto'''}} modo mari, quia nauigans Scyllam et Polyphemum effugit, perditus etiam est Orontes, amissus Palinurus et Misenus. altum tamen sciendum est quod et superiorem, ut &quot;Maia genitum demittit ex alto&quot; et inferiorem altitudinem significat; namque mensurae nomen est altitudo.

{{ancora+|4|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|4.]]}} {{sc|'''vi svpervm'''}} uiolentia deorum, secundum Homerum, qui dicit a Iunone rogatos esse deos in odium Troianorum: quod et Vergilius tetigit dicens &quot;uos quoque Pergameae iam fas est parcere genti, dique deaeque omnes&quot;. latenter autem defendit hac ratione Troianos, quod non suo merito eos insequebantur numina, sed Iunonis inpulsu. multi 'ui superum' posse accipi dicunt Irim Aeolum Iuturnam Iunonem, sed melius iudicant, ui quam superi habent. {{sc|'''saevae'''}} cum a iuuando dicta sit Iuno, quaerunt multi, cur eam dixerit saeuam, et putant temporale esse epitheton, quasi saeua circa Troianos, nescientes quod saeuam dicebant ueteres magnam. sic Ennius &quot;induta fuit saeua stola&quot;. item Vergilius cum ubique pium inducat Aeneam, ait &quot;maternis saeuus in armis Aeneas&quot;, id est magnus. {{sc|'''memorem ivnonis ob iram'''}} constat multa in auctoribus inueniri per contrarium significantia: pro actiuis passiua, ut &quot;pictis bellantur Amazones armis&quot;; pro passiuis actiua, ut &quot;populatque ingentem farris aceruum&quot;. et haec uarietas uel potius contrarietas inuenitur etiam in aliis partibus orationis, ut sit aduerbium pro aduerbio, ut est &quot;hoc tunc ignipotens caelo descendit ab alto&quot; pro huc; et in participio, ut &quot;et qua uectus Abas&quot; pro qua uehebatur; et in nomine, ut 'memorem Iunonis ob iram' non quae meminerat, sed quae in memoria erat. de his autem haec tantum quae lecta sunt ponimus nec ad eorum exemplum alia formamus. sane memor apud ueteres non tantum dicebatur g-ho g-memnehmenos, sed etiam g-ho g-mnehmon. et hoc per confusionem uerbi et nominis; nam 'memorem' est uerbi significatio, cum non sit nomen.

{{ancora+|5|[[Aeneis/Liber I#5|5.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta qvoqve et bello passvs'''}} hoc ad posteriores sex pertinet libros. sane duas coniunctiones separatas naturaliter nemo coniungit. sed hoc plerumque a poetis causa metri fit. ergo hic una uacat, sicut alio loco &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. Sallustius &quot;tyrannumque et Cinnam&quot;. {{sc|'''bello passvs'''}} contra Turnum. {{sc|'''dvm conderet vrbem'''}} tres hic sunt significationes. aut enim Troiam dicit, quam ut primum in Italiam uenit, fecit Aeneas, de qua ait &quot;castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit&quot; et alio loco Mercurius &quot;nec te Troia capit&quot; - Troiam autem dici quam primum fecit Aeneas, et Liuius in primo et Cato in originibus testantur - dum enim haec fieret, ab agrestibus propter uulneratum ceruum regium mota sunt bella: aut Laurolauinium, et significat 'dum' donec; tam diu enim dimicauit quam diu ad tempus faciendae ciuitatis ueniret, id est donec Turnus occumberet: aut Romam, et est sensus dummodo conderet urbem. {aut Troiam aut Laurolauinium aut Romam significat.}

{{ancora+|6|[[Aeneis/Liber I#6|6.]]}} {{sc|'''inferretqve deos latio'''}} Latium duplex est, unum a Tiberi usque ad Fundos, aliud inde usque ad Vulturnum. denique ipse dixit &quot;ueteresque Latini&quot; ideo quia scit esse etiam nouos, id est a Fundis usque ad Vulturnum. Latium autem dictum est, quod illic Saturnus latuerit. Saufeius Latium dictum ait, quod ibi latuerant incolae, qui quoniam in cauis montium uel occultis cauentes sibi a feris beluis uel a ualentioribus uel a tempestatibus habitauerint Cascei uocati sunt, quos posteri Aborigines cognominarunt, quoniam aliis ortos esse recognoscebant. ex quibus Latinos etiam dictos. {{sc|'''inferretqve deos latio'''}} hoc est in Latium. et est figura usitata apud Vergilium. quod enim per accusatiuum cum praepositione dicimus ille per datiuum ponit sine praepositione, sicut alibi &quot;it clamor caelo&quot; pro in caelum. 'deos' uero utrum penates, ut &quot;talibus attonitus uisis et uoce deorum&quot;, an se et Ascanium et posteros suos, de quibus dictum est &quot;dis genite et geniture deos&quot;? {{sc|'''genvs vnde latinvm'''}} si iam fuerunt Latini et iam Latium dicebatur, contrarium est quod dicit ab Aenea Latinos originem ducere. prima est iucunda absolutio, ut 'unde' non referas ad personam, sed ad locum; namque 'unde' aduerbium est de loco, non de ductu a persona. tamen Cato in originibus hoc dicit, cuius auctoritatem Sallustius sequitur in bello Catilinae, &quot;primo Italiam tenuisse quosdam qui appellabantur Aborigines. hos postea aduentu Aeneae Phrygibus iunctos Latinos uno nomine nuncupatos&quot;. ergo descendunt Latini non tantum a Troianis, sed etiam ab Aboriginibus. est autem uera expositio haec. nouimus quod uicti uictorum nomen accipiunt. potuit ergo uictore Aenea perire nomen Latinum. sed uolens sibi fauorem Latii conciliare nomen Latinum non solum illis non sustulit, sed etiam Troianis inposuit. merito ergo illi tribuit quod in ipso fuerat ut posset perire. unde et ipse inducit in duodecimo libro rogantem Iunonem, ne pereat nomen Latinum. item in execratione Didonis legimus &quot;nec cum se sub leges pacis iniquae tradiderit&quot;; iniqua enim pax est in qua nomen amittit ille qui uicit. sed ueteres 'unde' etiam ad personam adplicabant, ita ut ad omne genus, ad omnem numerum iungerent, ut hoc loco 'genus unde Latinum' masculino generi et numero singulari iunxit, alibi ⟨ad⟩ genus femininum et numerum pluralem refert, ut &quot;nymphae, Laurentes nymphae, genus amnibus unde est&quot;, sicut 'hinc' particulam, cum sit loci aduerbium, Terentius uetuste ad personam transtulit &quot;sed eccum Syrum incedere uideo: hinc iam scibo quid siet&quot;.

{{ancora+|7|[[Aeneis/Liber I#7|7.]]}} {{sc|'''albaniqve patres'''}} Albam ab Ascanio conditam constat, sed a quo incertum est, utrum a Creusae an a Lauiniae filio: de qua re etiam Liuius dubitat. hanc autem cum euertisset Tullus Hostilius, omnes nobiles familias Romam transtulit. et sciendum bene hunc ordinem semper seruare Vergilium, ut ante dicat Latium, inde Albam, post Romam. quod et hoc loco fecit et in quinto libro, ut &quot;priscos docuit celebrare Latinos&quot; et deinde &quot;Albani docuere suos, nunc maxima porro accepit Roma et patrium seruauit honorem&quot;. item in septimo libro &quot;mos erat Hesperio in Latio quem protinus urbes Albanae coluere sacrum, nunc maxima rerum Roma colit&quot;. {{sc|'''atqve altae moenia romae'''}} aut propter gloriam, aut propter aedificia ingentia, aut quia in montibus est posita.

{{ancora+|8|[[Aeneis/Liber I#8|8.]]}} {{sc|'''mvsa mihi cavsas memora'''}} 'mihi' longa hic, alibi breuis, ut &quot;mihique haec edissere uera roganti&quot;. sane in tres partes diuidunt poetae carmen suum: proponunt inuocant narrant. plerumque tamen duas res faciunt et ipsam propositionem miscent inuocationi, quod in utroque opere Homerus fecit; namque hoc melius est. Lucanus tamen ipsum ordinem inuertit; primo enim proposuit, inde narrauit, postea inuocauit, ut est &quot;nec si te pectore uates accipio&quot;. sane obseruandum est, ut non in omnibus carminibus numen aliquod inuocetur, nisi cum aliquid ultra humanam possibilitatem requirimus. hinc in arte poetica Horatius &quot;nec deus intersit nisi dignus uindice nodus inciderit&quot;. bene ergo inuocat Vergilius, non enim poterat per se iram numinis nosse. item in nono libro nisi adderet &quot;Iuno uires animumque ministrat&quot;, quis crederet Turnum euasisse de castris? et hic {{sc|'''mvsa'''}} non addidit g-menin g-aeide g-thea. sed 'musa mihi causas memora' pro adesto, ut memores. sane musas multi nouem, multi septem dixerunt. his Numa aediculam aeneam breuem fecerat, quam postea de caelo tactam et in aede Honoris et Virtutis conlocatam Fuluius Nobilior in aedem Herculis transtulit, unde aedes Herculis et Musarum appellatur. has alii uirgines perhibent; nam ideo et porcam eis sacrificari aiunt, quod multum pariat. alii eis etiam filios dant, Orpheum Linum sirenas. alii has octo, ut Athenis uisuntur, alii quattuor dicunt, alias Boeotias, alias Atthidas, alias Siculas. has musas Siculus Epicharmus non musas, sed g-homonoousas dicit. {{sc|'''qvo nvmine laeso'''}} 'quo' in quo, in qua causa. et est septimus casus et communis elocutio; dicimus enim 'quo te laesi'. est et alia expositio. namque Iuno multa habet numina: est Curitis, quae utitur curru et hasta, ut est &quot;hic illius arma, hic currus fuit&quot;; est Lucina, quae partibus praeest, ut &quot;Iuno Lucina fer opem&quot;; est regina, ut &quot;quae diuum incedo regina&quot;; sunt et alia eius numina. merito ergo dubitat quod eius laeserit numen Aeneas. alii tamen dicunt separandum esse, ut de odio Iunonis non dubitet, quaerat autem quod aliud numen est laesum. {{sc|'''qvo nvmine laeso'''}} ideo trahitur in ambiguitatem et requirit in quo Iunonis numen laesit Aeneas, quia in ipsum certa non erant odia, sed in gentem propter causas paulo post dicendas. alii 'numen' uoluntatem accipiunt. 'laeso' autem dicendo ipso uerbo ostendit, etiamsi fuisset, leuissimam culpam fuisse; non enim dixit 'uiolato' aut 'iniuriam passo'. 9 {{sc|'''qvidve dolens'''}} bene philosophice dubitauit. dicunt enim quidam ad deos nihil pertinere. {{sc|'''volvere casvs'''}} id est casibus uolui. et est figura hypallage, quae fit quotienscumque per contrarium uerba intelleguntur. sic alibi &quot;dare classibus austros&quot;, cum uentis naues demus, non nauibus uentos. item &quot;animumque labantem inpulit&quot;, hoc est inpellendo fecit labantem. 

{{ancora+|10|[[Aeneis/Liber I#10|10.]]}} {{sc|'''INSIGNEM'''}} PIETATE VIRUM quia patrem et deos penates de Troia sustulit. et hic ostendit merito se inuocasse musam. nam si iustus est Aeneas, cur odio deorum laborat?

{{ancora+|11|[[Aeneis/Liber I#11|11.]]}} {{sc|'''tantaene animis caelestibvs irae'''}} hic iam non de qua litate iracundiae, sed de quantitate quaerit; nimia etenim ira est quae pietatis non habet considerationem. et hoc quidem secundum Stoicos dicit, {sed miratur, cur tantum} nam Epicurei dicunt deos humana penitus non curare. 'tantaene' quasi exclamatio est mirantis, cum es ipsa narratione sententiam trahentes nostram personam interponimus, ut &quot;'tanton' placuit concurrere motu&quot;. non nulli 'tantaene' legunt, ut interrogatio sit potius quam exclamatio. {{sc|'''animis caelestibvs'''}} dis superis, nam apud inferos constat esse iracundiam, ubi sunt Furiae. 'animis' uero g-tois g-thumois.

{{ancora+|12|[[Aeneis/Liber I#12|12.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbs antiqva fvit'''}} urbs dicta ab orbe, quod antiquae ciuitates in orbem fiebant; uel ab uruo, parte aratri, quo muri designabantur. et 'antiqua' autem et 'fuit' bene dixit, namque et ante septuaginta annos urbis Romae condita erat, et eam deleuerat Scipio Aemilianus. quae autem nunc est postea a Romanis est condita: unde antiquam accipe et ad conparationem istius quae nunc est, et Roma antiquiorem. alii 'antiqua' nobilis, 'fuit' autem pro 'erat' accipiunt. {{sc|'''tyrii tenvere coloni'''}} deest 'quam', uel ut alii uolunt 'hanc': amant namque antiqui per epexegesin dicere quod nos interposito pronomine exprimimus. item &quot;est locus Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt&quot; deest 'quem'. 'coloni' autem dicuntur cultores aduenae, et hos de Tyro constat uenisse qui Carthaginem condiderunt. sane ueteres colonias ita definiunt: colonia est coetus eorum hominum qui uniuersi deducti sunt in locum certum aedificiis munitum, quem certo iure obtinerent. alii: colonia est quae graece g-apoikia uocatur; dicta autem est a colendo; est autem pars ciuium aut sociorum missa, ubi rem publicam habeant ex consensu suae ciuitatis, aut publico eius populi unde profecta est consilio. hae autem coloniae sunt quae ex consensu publico, non ex secessione sunt conditae.

{{ancora+|13|[[Aeneis/Liber I#13|13.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam contra'''}} constat tria latera habere Italiam, superi maris, inferi, Alpium: unde tollendi erroris causa adiecit 'contra Tiberina ostia', quae in infero mari sunt. aut certe {ideo} 'Italiam contra' quasi de aemula dictum accipiamus, ut non tantum situ quantum et animis contra. Ostiam uero ideo ueteres consecratam esse uoluerunt, sicut Tiberim, ut si quid bello nauali ageretur, id auspicato fieret ex maritima et effata urbe, ut ubique coniunctum auspici, ut Tiberis, cum colonia esset. {{sc|'''longe'''}} ualde. Sallustius &quot;longe alia mihi mens est patres conscripti&quot;. aut certe 'maxime' uel 'praecipue', ut sit Carthago praecipue posita contra Tiberina ostia. Cicero pro Rabirio &quot;et cum uniuerso populo Romano, tum uero equestri ordini longe carissimus&quot;. 'Tiberina' autem pro Tiberis posuit. quidam sane ita uolunt iungi, non 'longe ostia', sed 'longe diues', id est ualde diues.

{{ancora+|14|[[Aeneis/Liber I#14|14.]]}} {{sc|'''dives opvm'''}} modo tantum diues dicimus, antiqui adiungebant cuius rei, ut &quot;diues equum, diues pictai uestis et auri&quot; iungentes tantum genetiuo casui. {{sc|'''stvdiisqve asperrima belli'''}} causam ostendit mirabilem, dicens hos esse et bellicosos et diuites, cum otiosa semper sit opulentia. iure ergo hanc diligit Iuno et uult orbis regna sortiri. quae res odia eius in Troianos exagitat. et bene 'studiis', non 'studio', quia ter rebellauit contra populum Romanum.

{{ancora+|15|[[Aeneis/Liber I#15|15.]]}} {{sc|'''dicitvr'''}} dicitur. et ingenti arte Vergilius, ne in rebus fabulosis aperte utatur poetarum licentia, quasi opinionem sequitur et per transitum poetico utitur more. uel certe 'fertur' creditur. {{sc|'''magis'''}} pro ualde.

{{ancora+|16|[[Aeneis/Liber I#16|16.]]}} {{sc|'''posthabita'''}} non contempta, sed in secundis habita; namque in superiore uersu dixit 'magis', ut etiam originali loco seruetur adfectio. {{sc|'''samo'''}} sic Iuuenalis &quot;et Samia genetrix quae delectatur harena&quot;. {{sc|'''colvisse'''}} SAMO deest 'etiam', ut esset 'posthabita etiam Samo'. 'coluisse' autem, quia ueteres colere dicebant etiam cum maior minorem diligeret, ut &quot;ille colit terras&quot;. Plautus in Poenulo &quot;Iuppiter qui genus colis alisque hominum&quot;. {{sc|'''hic illivs arma'''}} figura creberrima aduerbium pro aduerbio posuit, praesentis loci pro absentis; debuit enim dicere 'illic'. {{sc|'''arma'''}} instructam armis Iunonem in alio loco ipse testatur, ut &quot;ferro accincta uocat&quot;.

{{ancora+|17|[[Aeneis/Liber I#17|17.]]}} {{sc|'''cvrrvs'''}} aut uere currum quo secundum Homerum in bello utitur, aut thensam significat, qua deorum simulacra portantur. thensa autem cum aspiratione scribitur g-apo g-tou g-theiou, id est a re diuina. aut certe illud 'currus' quod ait &quot;ductos alta ad donaria currus&quot;. habere enim Iunonem currus certum est. sic autem esse etiam in sacris Tiburtibus constat, ubi sic precantur &quot;Iuno curitis tuo curru clipeoque tuere meos curiae uernulas&quot;. sane {{sc|'''hic illivs arma, hic cvrrvs fuit'''}} quotienscumque nomina pluralis et singularis numeri conectuntur, respondemus uiciniori, ut ecce hoc loco currui, non armis respondit. eadem et in diuersis generibus est obseruatio, ut magis uicino, siue masculinum sit siue femininum respondeamus, ut puta 'uir et mulier magna ad me uenit'. si autem plurali numero uelimus uti, ad masculinum transeamus necesse est, ut 'uir et mulier magni ad me uenerunt'. sane 'fuit' pro fuerat. {{sc|'''gentibvs'''}} pro gentium, datiuum pro genetiuo.

{{ancora+|18|[[Aeneis/Liber I#18|18.]]}} {{sc|'''siqva'''}} 'qua' uacat et est ornatus causa positum, ut 'que' 'tandem' 'gentium' 'locorum' et reliqua, ut &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. {{sc|'''iam tvm'''}} ex quo constituta est a Tyriis colonis. {{sc|'''tenditqve fovetqve'''}} figurate dixit. non enim iam regnum fouet, sed tendit et fouet, ut regnum esse possit. et bene 'tendit', tamquam contra uerum, 'fouet' autem tamquam inbecillam aduersus Troianorum conatus. {{sc|'''progeniem'''}} uel Romanos, uel ut quidam uolunt Scipionem, qui Carthaginem diruit.

{{ancora+|19|[[Aeneis/Liber I#19|19.]]}} {{sc|'''dvci'''}} ductum iri. infinitiui modi a passiuo tempus praesens pro futuro posuit, uerbum pro uerbo, ut supra ostensum est. 

{{ancora+|20|[[Aeneis/Liber I#20|20.]]}} {{sc|'''avdierat'''}} a Ioue aut a Fatis. non enim omnia numina habent diuinandi facultatem; denique ne ipse quidem Apollo sua sponte diuinat, ut est &quot;quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo praedixit&quot;. et perite 'audierat'; in Ennio enim inducitur Iuppiter promittens Romanis excidium Carthaginis. {{sc|'''avdierat'''}} bene audierat quasi de incertis rebus, ut et timeret et speraret omnia pro sua uoluntate posse mutari. {{sc|'''tyrias arces'''}} Carthaginem dicit, quam Tyrii condiderunt. 'arces' autem ab eo quod est arceo dictae, quia inde hostes arcentur, id est prohibentur; et arcus, genus teli, quod huius ministerio sagittae arceant hostem. sane per confusionem uerbi et nominis dictum est; nam 'arces' est uerbum, arceo arces, cum non sit nomen. {{sc|'''olim'''}} quandoque. et tria tempora significat: praeteritum, ut &quot;olim arbos, nunc artificis manus aere decoro inclusit patribusque dedit gestare Latinis&quot;; praesens, ut &quot;tumidis quod fluctibus olim tunditur&quot;; futurum, ut &quot;nunc olim quocumque dabunt se tempore uires&quot;.

{{ancora+|21|[[Aeneis/Liber I#21|21.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc popvlvm late regem'''}} a Romanis. laudat autem eorum imperium dicendo 'populum regem'. {{sc|'''late regem'''}} pro late regnaturum, nomen pro participio. quidam hoc demokratikos intellegunt. et 'hinc populum late regem belloque superbum uenturum excidio Libyae sic uoluere parcas' in Probi adpuncti sunt et adnotatum &quot;hi duo si eximantur, nihilo minus sensus integer erit&quot;. sed Vergilius amat aliud agens exire in laudes populi Romani. {{sc|'''svperbvm'''}} nobilem, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;. {{sc|'''belloqve svperbvm'''}} id est eminentem, gloriosum.

{{ancora+|22|[[Aeneis/Liber I#22|22.]]}} {{sc|'''ventvrvm'''}} futurum, ut &quot;idem uenturos tollemus in astra nepotes&quot;. {{sc|'''ventvrvm excidio'''}} ad excidium. nota figura. {{sc|'''libyae'''}} Carthaginis. et prouinciam pro ciuitate posuit. dicta autem Libya uel quod inde libs fiat, hoc est africus, uel ut Varro ait, quasi {{sc|''λιπιυια''}}, id est egens pluuiae. sic Sallustius &quot;caelo terraque penuria aquarum&quot;. {{sc|'''volvere parcas'''}} aut a filo traxit 'uoluere' aut a libro; una enim loquitur, altera scribit, alia fila deducit. et dictae sunt parcae g-kata g-antiphrasin, quod nulli parcant, sicut lucus a non lucendo, bellum a nulla re bella. nomina parcarum Clotho Lachesis Atropos.

{{ancora+|23|[[Aeneis/Liber I#23|23.]]}} {{sc|'''id metvens'''}} bis idem. archaismos. sane de futuro timor est, odium de praeteritis. metuebat ergo Carthagini, odium autem habebat propter causas sequentes. et est de utroque exemplum &quot;conueniunt quibus aut odium crudele tyranni aut metus acer erat&quot;. {{sc|'''veteris belli'''}} quantum ad Vergilium pertinet, antiqui; si ad Iunonem referas, diu id est per decennium gesti. tunc autem ad personam referendum est, cum ipsa loquitur; quod si nulla persona sit, ad poetam refertur. nunc ergo 'ueteris' ex persona poetae intellegendum. sic ipse in alio loco &quot;mirantur dona Aeneae, mirantur Iulum flagrantesque dei uultus&quot; partem ad se rettulit, partem ad Tyrios, qui deum eum esse nesciebant. {{sc|'''satvrnia'''}} antonomasia est, non epitheton; quae fit quotiens pro proprio nomine ponitur quod potest esse cum proprio nomine et epitheton dici. 'Saturnia' autem nomen quasi ad crudelitatem aptum posuit; Vergilius enim ubicumque Ioui uel Iunoni Saturni nomen adiungit, causas eis crudelitatis adnectit, ut &quot;nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aequis&quot;. et alibi &quot;es germana Iouis Saturnique altera proles: irarum tantos uoluis sub pectore fluctus&quot;.

{{ancora+|24|[[Aeneis/Liber I#24|24.]]}} {{sc|'''prima'''}} atqui Hercules prior contra Troianos pugnauit: unde modo 'prima' princeps accipienda est. nam poeta plerumque significationem nominum dat participiis, uel contra, ut &quot;uoluentibus annis&quot;, significat enim uolubilibus. hac licentia et in hoc nomine usus est, ut primam pro principe poneret. {{sc|'''prima'''}} inter primos; alii pro olim; alii 'prima' simpliciter, postea enim alii dii interesse coeperunt; alii 'prima' non ordine, sed uoluntate. aliter &quot;primusque Machaon&quot;; ibi enim in primis intellegitur. {{sc|'''ad troiam'''}} 'ad' et 'apud' accusatiuae sunt praepositiones, sed 'apud' semper in loco significat, 'ad' et in loco et ad locum, ut &quot;ad quem tum Iuno supplex his uocibus usa est, et Cicero decem fiscos ad senatorem quendam relictos&quot;, item &quot;ad Marcum Laecam te habitare uelle dixisti&quot;. {{sc|'''caris argis'''}} illic enim eam coli omnibus notum est. Argos autem in numero singulari generis neutri est, ut Horatius &quot;aptum dicet equis Argos ditesque Mycenas&quot;, in plurali numero masculini, ut hi Argi. ceterum deriuatio nominis Argiuos facit, non Argos.

{{ancora+|25|[[Aeneis/Liber I#25|25.]]}} {{sc|'''necdvm etiam'''}} aduerbium temporis. quis ante hunc? {{sc|'''cavsae irarvm'''}} nunc de praeteritis loquitur. non nulli tamen pro causa et dolore dictum accipiunt. {{sc|'''saevi'''}} autem {{sc|'''dolores'''}} quod saeuire faciant.

{{ancora+|26|[[Aeneis/Liber I#26|26.]]}} {{sc|'''alta mente repostvm'''}} secreta, recondita. 'repostum' autem syncope est; unam enim de medio syllabam tulit. sed cum omnes sermones aut integri sint aut pathos habeant, hi qui pathos habent ita ut lecti sunt debent poni: quod etiam Maro fecit, nam &quot;repostos&quot; et &quot;porgite&quot; de Ennio transtulit: integris autem et ipsis utimur et eorum exemplo aliis.

{{ancora+|27|[[Aeneis/Liber I#27|27.]]}} {{sc|'''ivdicivm paridis'''}} nota fabula est de malo aureo, Paridem pro Venere contra Iunonem Mineruamque iudicasse de forma. et bene 'iudicium Paridis', non fauor, ne re uera uideatur offensa. sic enim agit poeta, ut et Iuno causas irascendi habeat, et tamen in Aenea nulla sit culpa. {{sc|'''spretaeqve inivria fomae'''}} epexegesis est, hoc enim fuit iudicium Paridis: ut 'que' particula uacet, sicut illo loco &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. licet multi separent dicentes aliud esse; numquam enim coniunctio ponitur nisi inter duas res. et 'spretae formae' referunt ad Antigonam, Laomedontis filiam, quam a Iunone propter formae adrogantiam in ciconiam constat esse conuersam.

{{ancora+|28|[[Aeneis/Liber I#28|28.]]}} {{sc|'''et genvs invisvm'''}} propter Dardanum Electrae paelicis filium. {{sc|'''rapti'''}} stuprati, ut est &quot;rapta Garamantide nympha&quot;. item &quot;et raptas sine more Sabinas&quot;. uel certe quod ad caelum raptus sit a Ioue per aquilam, ut &quot;sublimem pedibus rapuit Iouis armiger uncis&quot;. {{sc|'''ganymedis honores'''}} Troi, regis Troianorum, filii. 'honores' autem dixit uel propter ministerium poculorum, quod exhibuit diis remota Hebe, Iunonis filia, uel quod inter sidera conlocatus aquarii nomen accepit. ergo irascitur Iuno quod non ob hoc tantum raptus sit, ut pocula ministraret, sed quod ideo uiolatus sit, ut diuinos honores consequeretur. aut 'honores' propter formam, ut &quot;et laetos oculis adflarat honores&quot;. sane hic Ganymedes Latine Catamitus dicitur, licet Theodotius, qui Iliacas res perscripsit, hunc fuisse Belin Chaldaeum dicat et Laomedonti praedixisse, tunc perituram et ciuitatem et regnum Troianum, cum de monte Metios sponte fuisset saxum elapsum: quod cum euenisset, postea Ilium esse dirutam.

{{ancora+|29|[[Aeneis/Liber I#29|29.]]}} {{sc|'''his accensa svper'''}} 'his super' aut de his, aut super metum Carthaginis his quoque accensa. 

{{ancora+|30|[[Aeneis/Liber I#30|30.]]}} {{sc|'''troas'''}} bona oeconomia ostendit, totum genus Troianorum inuisum fuisse Iunoni, quia inlaturus est Mineruam ob unius hominis delictum etiam eos quos amauerat perdidisse. {{sc|'''relliqvias'''}} ut stet uersus geminauit, nam in prosa reliquias dicimus. 'relliquias' autem 'Danaum' dupliciter et a Troianis et a Graecis dici possunt, ut &quot;et nostro sequitur de uulnere sanguis&quot;. {{sc|'''atqve inmitis achilli'''}} bene secundum Homerum segregat duces a populo. sic Aeneas in secundo post omnium casum Priami separauit interitum, ut &quot;forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras&quot;. inmitem autem dixit etiam circa extinctum crudelem. et ideo intulit Achillem praecipue, quod Aeneas cum Achille congressus sit et ut in quinto ait Neptuni beneficio liberatus. {{sc|'''achilli'''}} propter homoioteleuton detraxit s litteram, quae plerumque pro sibilo habetur non solum necessitatis, sed etiam euphoniae causa: nam alibi ipse ait &quot;nec equis adspirat Achillis&quot;: ut Sallustius &quot;a principio urbis ad bellum Persi Macedonicum&quot;. detrahitur autem tertiae declinationis genetiuo. sane apud Sigeum Achillis statua fuisse dicitur, quae in lanna, id est in extima auris parte elenchum more femineo habuerit. hic apud Cretam insulam pemptus uocatus est, ut ueteres auctores tradunt.

{{ancora+|31|[[Aeneis/Liber I#31|31.]]}} {{sc|'''arcebat'''}} prohibebat. significat autem et 'continet'. Ennius &quot;qui fulmine claro omnia per sonitus arcet&quot;, id est continet. 

{{ancora+|32|[[Aeneis/Liber I#32|32.]]}} {{sc|'''acti fatis'''}}  nulla Iunonis inuidia est. {{sc|'''acti fatis'''}}  si odio Iunonis fatigabantur, quo modo dicit 'acti fatis'? sed hoc ipsum Iunonis odium fatale est. laborat enim Vergilius nihil Troianorum meritis, sed omnia fatis adscribere. est et alter sensus; nam fatum uoluntatem legimus, ut &quot;fatis Iunonis iniquae&quot;, id est uoluntate, ut hic intellegamus, agebantur fatis Iunonis, id est uoluntate. uel 'fatis' pro malis, ut &quot;nate Iliacis exercite fatis&quot;. {{sc|'''maria omnia'''}}  {{sc|'''circvm'''}} in fine accentum ponimus contra morem Latinum: sed corruptio hoc facit; namque praepositio postposita corrupta est sine dubio. 

{{ancora+|33|[[Aeneis/Liber I#33|33.]]}} {{sc|'''molis'''}} difficultatis. in sequentibus proprie &quot;miratur molem Aeneas&quot;. {{sc|'''romanam condere gentem'''}}  latenter ostendit hinc odium Iunonis Aeneam pertulisse, quod Romanae gentis auctor extabat. 

{{ancora+|34|[[Aeneis/Liber I#34|34.]]}} {{sc|'''vix'''}} hoc loco mox significat uel statim. {{sc|'''e conspectv'''}}  ut adhuc de Sicilia possent uideri. et ut Homerus omisit initia belli Troiani, sic hic non ab initio coepit erroris. 

{{ancora+|35|[[Aeneis/Liber I#35|35.]]}} {{sc|'''laeti'''}} uel alacres et ueloces, ut est &quot;et laetus eois Eurus equis&quot;, item &quot;et uirgea laetus pabula&quot;, id est festinus, cum intentione; uel re uera laeti, quamquam incongruum sit post Anchisae mortem. sed et interitus senum minus doletur, et 'magis laetos' intellegendum est, ut sit causa maior iracundiae. sic enim et in septimo Iuno irascitur, ubi &quot;laetum Aenean Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno&quot;. uel 'laeti' g-prothumoi, ut &quot;omnisque iuuentus laeta&quot;. {{sc|'''salis'''}} maris secundum Homerum. salem autem quo utimur singulari numero tantum dicimus; cum iocos significamus pluralem tantum ponimus numerum, ut Lucanus &quot;non soliti lusere sales&quot;. aliquando autem etiam urbanitatem per singularem numerum significamus, ut Terentius &quot;qui habet salem, quod in te est&quot;, id est quae res in te est, masculini enim generis est, non neutri: et neutra triptota sunt, nec ab hoc accusatiuo nominatiuus esse potest 'hoc salem'. 

{{ancora+|36|[[Aeneis/Liber I#36|36.]]}} {{sc|'''svb pectore'''}}  pro in pectore. {{sc|'''vvlnvs'''}} de praeterito dolorem dixit, de futuro metum, ad utrumque 'uulnus' rettulit. 

{{ancora+|37|[[Aeneis/Liber I#37|37.]]}} {{sc|'''haec secvm'''}}  subaudimus locuta est, deest enim. et hoc fictum est, ut superius diximus. unde enim hoc sciret poeta? bene autem inpatientiam doloris ostendit detrahendo ei solatia, ut in quarto solam inducit Didonem &quot;en quid ago?&quot; {{sc|'''haec secvm'''}}  quia uehementior adfectus est sine conscio, ut &quot;et casum insontis mecum indignabar amici&quot; et &quot;crudelia secum fata Lyci&quot;. e contrario &quot;quicum partiri curas&quot;. {{sc|'''mene'''}} 'ne' non uacat, significat enim ergo et est coniunctio rationalis. {{sc|'''incepto desistere'''}}  tolerabilius enim est non inchoare, quam incepta deserere, ut Terentius &quot;uerum si incipias, neque pertendas nauiter&quot;. et 'mene' sic habet emphasin, ut &quot;ast ego, quae diuum incedo regina&quot;. {{sc|'''victam'''}} sic et in septimo &quot;uincor ab Aenea&quot;. se uictam pronuntiat uelut uictam. alii iratam tradunt. 

{{ancora+|38|[[Aeneis/Liber I#38|38.]]}} {{sc|'''nec posse italia'''}}  detraxit more suo praepositionem prouinciae; non enim dixit 'de Italia', sed 'Italia'. {{sc|'''tevcrorvm'''}} quia Teucer et Scamandrus Creta profecti Troiam uenerunt. facta ascensione hospitio a Dardano accepti de aduenis ciues facti, quia Batiam, Teucri filiam, Dardanus sibi iunxit et populares suos socero cognomines fecit. {{sc|'''avertere'''}} id est in perpetuum. {{sc|'''regem'''}} hoc est, quia nihil amisit, rex est. et mire Aeneam noluit nominare. honorantur enim minores a maioribus si suo nomine fuerint nominati, ut &quot;Aeole, namque tibi&quot;. contra contumelia est si maiores a minoribus suo nomine nominantur, ut &quot;Iunonis grauis ira&quot;. et &quot;pacem te poscimus omnes Turne&quot;. et bene 'regem' inuidiose; non enim dixit Troianos, sed unum hominem Troianum. 

{{ancora+|39|[[Aeneis/Liber I#39|39.]]}} {{sc|'''qvippe vetor fatis'''}}  re uera, inquit, fata me prohibent. ergo Iuno ignorat uim fatorum. sed hoc non possumus dicere, quia superius lectum est &quot;si qua fata sinant et audierat&quot;. hoc ergo est. omnis res hominum aut ex nostra uoluntate descendit, ut puta sedere surgere; aut ex fati necessitate, ut nasci mori; aut ex deorum uoluntate, ut nauigare uel honoribus frui. nunc de nauigatione agitur; et bene inuidiose, quasi etiam huius rei potestatem ei possint fata detrahere. est et alter sensus latens, ut speret se reginam contra exulum fata posse aliquid, si Mineruae numen inferius ualuit contra fata uictorum. PALLASNE Minerua g-apo g-tou g-pallein g-to g-doru, id est ab hastae concussione; uel quod Pallantem gigantem occiderit. sane opportune hic Aiacis naufragium ad exemplum adfert, cum de naufragio Aeneae cogitat. et cum bellum meditatur, belli exemplum adfert &quot;Mars perdere gentem inmanem Lapithum ualuit&quot;. 'ne' autem coniunctio expletiua uidetur. an aliter? {{sc|'''exvrere'''}} exuri dicitur de quo nihil superest, ut &quot;quid memorem exustas Erycino in litore classes?&quot; {{sc|'''classem'''}} ad inuidiam posuit, ut pro una naui classem dicat. sic Venus &quot;nauibus infandum amissis&quot;, cum Orontes solus perisset. aut re uera unam nauem significat, ut Horatius &quot;me uel extremos Numidarum in agros classe releget&quot;. classis enim dicta est g-apo g-tohn g-kalohn, id est a lignis, unde et calones dicuntur qui ligna militibus portant, et g-kalopodia. 


{{ancora+|40|[[Aeneis/Liber I#40|40.]]}} {{sc|'''argivvm'''}} quasi et illud contra fata. et 'Argiuum' pro Argiuorum; uidetur autem specie accusatiui singularis pro genetiuo plurali usus. et bene 'Argiuum' quasi quos ipsa Iuno amat, ut supra &quot;pro caris gesserat Argis&quot;. {{sc|'''potvit'''}} ad illud refertur quod superius dixit 'nec posse'. et inuidiose potentiam Mineruae exaggerat, quae uno tempore et exurere potuit et submergere. 

{{ancora+|41|[[Aeneis/Liber I#41|41.]]}} {{sc|'''vnivs ob noxam'''}} in istis sermonibus unius illius ipsius naturaliter media producitur syllaba, sed cum opus est corripitur hac excusatione: nam quotiens uocalem longam uocalis sequitur, ei uires detrahit, ut est &quot;insulae Ionio in magno et sub Ilio alto&quot;. et ob hoc mutant accentum; in Latino enim sermone cum paenultima corripitur, antepaenultima habet accentum, ut hoc loco 'unius ob noxam' et contra &quot;nauibus infandum amissis unius ob iram prodimur&quot;. {{sc|'''noxam'''}} pro 'noxiam'. et hoc interest inter noxam et noxiam, quod noxia culpa est, noxa autem poena. quidam noxa quae nocuit, noxia id quod nocitum accipiunt. sane latenter tangit historiam; dicitur enim Minerua in tantum ob uitiatam Cassandram in templo suo solius Aiacis poena non fuisse contenta, ut postea per oraculum de eius regno quotannis unam nobilem puellam iusserit Ilium sibi ad sacrificium mitti, et quod est amplius, de ea tribu, de qua Aiax fuerat, sicut Annaeus Placidus refert. {{sc|'''fvrias'''}} amorem, ut in bucolicis &quot;seu quicumque furor&quot;. alii sic accipiunt, quasi illum in furore deliquisse dicat, Troianos scientes. OILI Oilei. et non uacat; nam et duo Aiaces fuerunt, et ambo furuerunt, sed ira armorum Telamonius, hic amore, qui Cassandram in templo Mineruae capto Ilio stuprauit. et est graeca figura, si dicamus 'Aeneas Anchisae' et subaudiamus filius. hac autem figura utimur circa patres et circa maritos tantum, ut Vergilius &quot;Deiphobe Glauci&quot;, id est filia, et &quot;Hectoris Andromache&quot;, id est uxor. sane hic Aiax, Oilei filius a multis historicis Graecis tertiam manum dicitur post tergum habuisse quod ideo dicitur fictum, quia sic celeriter utebatur in proelio manibus, ut tertiam habere putaretur. 

{{ancora+|42|[[Aeneis/Liber I#42|42.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa'''}} bene ipsa; dulcis enim est propria manu quaesita uindicta: unde plus dolet Iuno alienis se uiribus niti, ut Aeoli uel inferorum, sicut ipsa &quot;flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta mouebo&quot;. {{sc|'''rapidvm'''}} uelocem, ut est &quot;cum rapidus sol nondum hiemem contingit equis, iam praeterit aestas&quot; item &quot;rapidiue potentia solis&quot;. {sed} cum Varro diuinarum quinto quattuor diis fulmina adsignet, inter quos et Mineruae, quaeritur, cur Minerua Iouis fulmen miserit. antiqui Iouis solius putauerunt esse fulmen, nec id unum esse, ut testantur Etrusci libri de fulguratura, in quibus duodecim genera fulminum scripta sunt, ita ut est Iouis Iunonis Mineruae, sic quoque aliorum: nam de Iunonis fulmine Accius ait &quot;praeferuido fulgore ardor iniectus Iunonis dextra ingenti incidit&quot;. quare tum non posuit Mineruam misisse fulmen suum? sed multi dicunt, habere quidem Mineruam ut Iouem et Iunonem fulmen, sed non tantum ualere, ut uindictam suam possit implere, nisi usa esset Iouis fulmine: unde merito queritur Iuno, Mineruam, cum de numero minorum sit qui fulmen habent, usam tamen Iouis fulmine. {{sc|'''iacvlata'''}} in libris Etruscorum lectum est iactus fulminum manubias dici et certa esse numina possidentia fulminum iactus, ut Iouem Vulcanum Mineruam. cauendum ergo est, ne aliis hoc numinibus demus. et 'iaculata' pro iaculans, participium passiuum pro actiuo. {{sc|'''e nvbibvs'''}} secundum physicos qui dicunt conlisione nubium fulmen creari. et indignatur Iuno, quod, cum nubes suae sint, pariter eis Minerua ac Iouis fulmine usa sit, cum sibi neutrum prosit. 

{{ancora+|43|[[Aeneis/Liber I#43|43.]]}} {{sc|'''disiecitqve'''}} quidam uolunt fulminum genera quattuor esse: unum quod dicitur dissiciens idemque fragosum, alterum transfigens, tertium corripiens, quartum infigens: quas omnes species more suo in unius fulguris descriptione attigit dicens primum 'disiecitque rates', secundum 'illum expirantem transfixo pectore', tertium 'turbine corripuit', quartum 'scopuloque infixit acuto'. {{sc|'''rates'''}} abusiue naues; nam proprie rates sunt conexae inuicem trabes. Varro ad Ciceronem &quot;ratis dicta nauis longa propter remos, quod hi supra aquam sublati dextra et sinistra duas rates efficere uidentur. ratis enim, unde hoc translatum, ubi plures mali aut trabes iuncti aqua ducuntur. hinc nauiculae cum remis ratariae dicuntur&quot;. 

{{ancora+|44|[[Aeneis/Liber I#44|44.]]}} {{sc|'''illvm'''}} auctorem scilicet criminis. {{sc|'''expirantem flammas'''}} non animam dicit 'flammas', sed cum anima fulminis flammas uomentem. et ut superius pleno nomini adiecit 'opum', id est &quot;diues opum&quot;, sic hic uerbo; cum enim plenum sit 'expirantem', addidit 'flammas', ut alio loco 'animas', ut &quot;confixi expirant animas&quot;. alii 'expirantem' anhelantem accipiunt. Probus et 'tempore' legit, ut ipse &quot;liquefacto tempora plumbo&quot;. sed qui legunt 'pectore' de Accio translatum adfirmant, qui ait in Clytemestra de Aiace &quot;in pectore fulmen inchoatum flammam ostentabat Iouis&quot;. qui 'tempore' legunt de topica historia tractum dicunt; nam Ardeae in templo Castoris et Pollucis in laeua intrantibus post forem Capaneos pictus est fulmen per utraque tempora traiectus. et singulare nomen pro plurali. totius autem Italiae curiosissimum fuisse Vergilium multifariam apparet. 

{{ancora+|45|[[Aeneis/Liber I#45|45.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrbine'''}} uolubilitate uentorum. {{sc|'''scopvlo'''}} saxo eminenti. 'scopulus' autem aut a speculando dictus est, aut a tegimento nauium, g-apo g-tou g-skepazein. contigerunt autem ista circa Caphereum montem Euboeae. INFIXIT Cornutus ait 'inflixit' uerius, quod sit uehementius. 

{{ancora+|46|[[Aeneis/Liber I#46|46.]]}} {{sc|'''ast ego'''}}  nunc conparat singula. et ne leue esset quod dixerat 'ego', addidit 'deorum regina'; sic Sallustius &quot;uos autem, hoc est populus Romanus&quot;. {{sc|'''divvm'''}} autem pro diuorum, sicut 'Argiuum'. {{sc|'''incedo'''}} incedere proprie est nobilium personarum, hoc est cum aliqua dignitate ambulare, ut &quot;regina ad templum forma pulcherrima Dido incessit et aut iaculo incedit melior&quot;, Sallustius &quot;sed incedunt per ora uestra magnifici&quot;. 

{{ancora+|47|[[Aeneis/Liber I#47|47.]]}} {{sc|'''et soror et conivnx'''}}  physici Iouem aetherem, id est ignem uolunt intellegi, Iunonem uero aerem, et quoniam tenuitate haec elementa paria sunt, dixerunt esse germana. sed quoniam Iuno, hoc est aer, subiectus est igni, id est Ioui, iure superposito elemento mariti traditum nomen est. Iouem autem a iuuando dixerunt; nulla enim res sic fouet omnia, quemadmodum calor. {{sc|'''tot annos'''}} licenter in istis elocutionibus et accusatiuo et ablatiuo utimur. dicimus enim et 'tota nocte legi' et 'totam noctem legi'. honestior tamen elocutio est per accusatiuum. sane 'tot annos' continuationem significat, 'tot annis' autem interuallum. 

{{ancora+|48|[[Aeneis/Liber I#48|48.]]}} {{sc|'''et qvisqvam'''}}  non Troianorum, sed omnium generaliter. {{sc|'''ivnonis'''}} autem pro 'meum', nomen pro pronomine. 

{{ancora+|49|[[Aeneis/Liber I#49|49.]]}} {{sc|'''praeterea'''}} postea, ut &quot;praeterea uidit, nec portitor Orci amplius obiectam passus transire paludem&quot;. {{sc|'''svpplex'''}} breuiter utrumque dixit; aut enim suscipiuntur uota precibus, aut honore redduntur. et ostendere uult, non solum non sibi supplicandum, sed nec simplici ueneratione dignam futuram. 


{{ancora+|50|[[Aeneis/Liber I#50|50.]]}} {{sc|'''talia flammato'''}}  quod superius intermiserat nunc reddidit. nam dixerat superius 'haec secum' et modo ait 'uolutans', id est cogitans. multi sane 'talia uolutans' talia reuolutans accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|51|[[Aeneis/Liber I#51|51.]]}} {{sc|'''nimborvm'''}} nimbi nunc uentos significant, plerumque nubes uel pluuias: ergo prout locus fuerit intellegamus. proprie tamen nimbi uocantur repentinae et praecipites pluuiae; nam pluuias dicimus lentas et iuges. et figurate 'patriam, loca'; unum enim uarietas ipsa significat. {{sc|'''loca feta'''}} nunc plena, ut alio loco &quot;feta armis&quot;. sciendum est autem fetam dici et grauidam et partu liberatam, ut &quot;fecerat et uiridi fetam Mauortis in antro&quot;; enixam autem eam fuisse lac, quod pueris praebebatur, ostendit. item fetam grauidam illo loco ostendit, &quot;non insueta graues temptabunt pabula fetas&quot;. ergo quia feta medius sermo est, bene hoc loco epitheto discreuit, dicens 'graues fetas', ut bonum facinus et malum facinus dicimus, bonum uenenum et malum uenenum. {{sc|'''avstris'''}} figura est celebrata apud Vergilium: et est species pro genere. legerat apud Ennium &quot;furentibus uentis&quot;, sed quasi asperum fugit et posuit 'austris' pro uentis. 

{{ancora+|52|[[Aeneis/Liber I#52|52.]]}} {{sc|'''aeoliam venit'''}}  nouem insulae, quae sunt post fretum Siciliae, appellantur Aeoliae ab Aeolo rege, Hippotae filio, licet habeant et propria nomina. unde et Vergilius ait &quot;Aeoliam Liparen&quot;. poetae quidem fingunt hunc regem esse uentorum, sed ut Varro dicit, rex fuit insularum, ex quarum nebulis et fumo Vulcaniae insulae praedicens futura flabra uentorum inperitis uisus est uentos sua potestate retinere. {{sc|'''aeoliam venit'''}} in Aeoliam. detraxit ⟨praepositionem⟩, ut &quot;Italiam fato&quot;. Aeolus Hippotae siue Iouis siue Neptuni filius. qui cum immineret bellum, quo Tyrrhenus, Lipari frater, Peloponnesum uastare proposuisset, missus ab Agamemnone, ut freta tueretur, peruenit ad Liparum, qui supra dictas insulas regebat imperio, factaque amicitia Cyanam filiam eius in matrimonium sumpsit et Strongulam insulam in qua maneret accepit. {{sc|'''hic'''}} illic, ut superius &quot;hic currus fuit&quot;. {{sc|'''vasto antro'''}} physica ratione hoc fingit poeta. naturale enim est ut loca concaua plena sint uentis. sane 'uasto' pro desolato ueteres ponebant. Ennius Iphigenia &quot;quae nunc abs te uiduae et uastae uirgines sunt&quot;. ponebant et pro magno. Clodius commentariorum &quot;uasta: inania magna&quot;. 

{{ancora+|53|[[Aeneis/Liber I#53|53.]]}} {{sc|'''lvctantes'''}} elaborantes egredi uel inter se saeuientes. {{sc|'''sonoras'''}} graues sonis, et est tempestatis epitheton. ordo autem talis est, Aeolus uentos et tempestates sonoras uasto antro premit. quidam 'sonoras' semper strepentes tradunt, ut &quot;fluminibusque sonoris&quot;; nam sonorum est quidquid sine intermissione sonum seruat, sonans uero quod ad tempus auditur. male autem quidam accipiunt 'sonoras' pro sonantes, cum sit proprium 'sonoras', ut g-thalassa g-te g-ehchehessa. aliud est enim g-ehchousa, id est sonans. 

{{ancora+|54|[[Aeneis/Liber I#54|54.]]}} {{sc|'''ac vinclis et carcere frenat'''}}  translatio est per poeticam licentiam facta. carcer autem est undecumque prohibemur exire, dictus quasi arcer ab arcendo. locum autem, in quo seruantur noxii, carcerem dicimus numero tantum singulari; unde uero erumpunt quadrigae, carceres dicimus numero tantum plurali, licet plerumque usurpet poeta, ut est &quot;ruuntque effusi carcere currus&quot;. alii uinclis carceris tradunt, ut &quot;quam ferro excisam crebrisque bipennibus instant&quot;. 

{{ancora+|55|[[Aeneis/Liber I#55|55.]]}} {{sc|'''illi indignantes'''}}  hic aperte ostendit, quid sit 'luctantes'. {{sc|'''magno cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} non circum montis claustra, sed cum magno montis murmure fremebant. et est maior sensus: sic fremebant, ut etiam antra possent sonare. {{sc|'''cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} sic dixit Pacuuius &quot;murmur maris&quot;, quia uentos murmur sequitur, ut ipse alibi &quot;magno misceri murmure pontum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|56|[[Aeneis/Liber I#56|56.]]}} {{sc|'''circvm fremvnt'''}}  quidam hoc loco 'fremunt' id est imperia recusant intellegunt, ut apud Cassium in annalium secundo &quot;ne quis regnum occuparet, si plebs nostra fremere imperia coepisset&quot;, id est recusare. ita et hic ostendit uentos imperia recusantes. non numquam 'fremere' uelle significat, ut &quot;arma amens fremit, arma toro tectisque requirit&quot;. {{sc|'''celsa arce'''}} secundum quod superius diximus. uenti enim melius deprehenduntur ex alto. {{sc|'''sedet'''}} non otiatur, sed curat; apud antiquos enim 'sedet' considerat significabat, ut alio loco ait &quot;Turnus sacrata ualle sedebat&quot;. 

{{ancora+|57|[[Aeneis/Liber I#57|57.]]}} {{sc|'''mollitqve animos'''}}  id est uentos g-apo g-tohn g-anemohn, ut ipse alibi &quot;quantum ignes animaeque ualent&quot; et Horatius &quot;inpellunt animae lintea Thraciae&quot;. 'mollit' autem ideo dixit, ut per transitum ostenderet, uitia naturae nulla ratione mutari, sed mitigari aliquatenus posse. 

{{ancora+|58|[[Aeneis/Liber I#58|58.]]}} {{sc|'''maria ac terras caelvmqve profvndvm'''}}  atqui quattuor elementa sunt, terra aqua aer aether. sed hoc loco rite praetermisit aetherem, quia uenti non turbant superiora, ut ait Lucanus &quot;pacem summa tenent&quot;, sed aut terras aut maria aut aerem. nam caelum hoc loco pro aere posuit, ut Lucretius &quot;in hoc caelo qui dicitur aer&quot;. 'profundum' autem et sublime dicitur {et profundum mare}, ut 'supremum' ⟨et⟩ altum &quot;pro supreme Iuppiter&quot;, ⟨et⟩ postremum. potest et ad maria et ad terras referri. quidam 'profundum' in profundum accipiunt, alii pro funditus. et sicut hic 'profundum' in altitudinem, sic alibi fastigia de infima parte &quot;forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras&quot;. 

{{ancora+|59|[[Aeneis/Liber I#59|59.]]}} {{sc|'''ferant'''}} auferant; et est aphaeresis. {{sc|'''rapidi'''}} ueloces, ut supra. {{sc|'''verrantqve'''}} uerrere est trahere, a rete, quod uerriculum dicitur. est autem principalitas uerbi uerro uerris, praeteritum uersi, unde et fit participium uersus, hinc alibi &quot;et uersa puluis inscribitur hasta&quot;, id est tracta. 


{{ancora+|60|[[Aeneis/Liber I#60|60.]]}} {{sc|'''spelvncis atris'''}}  uel tenebrosis, uel magnis. 

{{ancora+|61|[[Aeneis/Liber I#61|61.]]}} {{sc|'''id metvens'''}}  timens. ergo Iuppiter timet, non sibi, sed elementis, ne turbentur eruptione uentorum, ut si bellorum tempore dicas uirum fortem timere, non sibi, sed liberis suis. {{sc|'''hoc metvens'''}} prouidens cauens. {{sc|'''molemqve et montes'''}} id est molem montis. et est figura, ut una res in duas diuidatur, metri causa interposita coniunctione, ut alio loco &quot;pateris libamus et auro&quot;, id est pateris aureis. 

{{ancora+|62|[[Aeneis/Liber I#62|62.]]}} {{sc|'''foedere'''}} modo lege, alias pace, quae fit inter dimicantes. foedus autem dictum uel a fetialibus, id est sacerdotibus per quos fiunt foedera, uel a porca foede, hoc est lapidibus occisa, ut ipse &quot;et caesa iungebant foedera porca&quot;. 

{{ancora+|63|[[Aeneis/Liber I#63|63.]]}} {{sc|'''et premere et laxas sciret dare ivssvs habenas'''}}  permansit in translatione, ut &quot;uinclis et carcere frenat&quot;. 'iussus' autem ob hoc posuit, quia suo nihil facit imperio. nam tolle hoc, et maior est omnibus diis, si ad eius uoluntatem possunt elementa confundi: ut ipse &quot;Aeolus mihi iussa capessere fas est&quot;. simul uentorum ostenditur uis, quibus parum fuerat montem superponi, nisi et regem acciperent, qui ipse quoque alieno pareret imperio. ET PREMERE E- L- S- D- I- H- alioquin Iunoni obsequi non posset. alii 'iussus' ita intellegunt, non cum iuberetur eum hoc facere, sed ita administrare, ut etiam iussus erat, secundum desiderium temporum. 

{{ancora+|64|[[Aeneis/Liber I#64|64.]]}} {{sc|'''ad'''}} apud quem, ut supra. 

{{ancora+|65|[[Aeneis/Liber I#65|65.]]}} {{sc|'''aeole'''}} rhetoricum est in omni petitione haec obseruare, ut possit praestare qui petitur, ut sit possibilitas, ut sit res iusta quae petitur, ut habeat modum petitio, ut sequatur remuneratio. et sciendum est secundum hunc ordinem omnes petitiones formare Vergilium, ut in hoc loco possibilitas est 'et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere uento'. iusta petitio est 'gens inimica mihi'; omne enim quod contra inimicos petimus iustum est. modus petitionis est 'et dissice corpora ponto'. remuneratio 'sunt mihi bis septem praestanti c- n-'. {{sc|'''aeole incvte vim ventis'''}} ordo ipse est. et est figura parenthesis. inter parenthesin et ellipsin hoc interest, quod parenthesis es quotiens remota de medio sententia integer sermo perdurat; plenum namque est 'Aeole incute uim uentis'. item &quot;Aeneas rapidum ad naues praemittit Achatem&quot;. ellipsis autem est quotiens remotis interpositis deest aliquid, ut est &quot;quos ego - post mihi non simili poena&quot;; deest enim 'adfligam'. {{sc|'''aeole'''}} sane antiqui quotiens a minoribus beneficium petebant, a nomine incipiebant, et erat honoratius si nomen ipsius ante praeferrent. DIVUM PATER ATQUE HOMINUM REX Iuppiter. et periphrasis est, id est circumlocutio. 'pater' autem a Vergilio ad eminentiam ponitur, ut &quot;pater Aeneas&quot; et &quot;pater Appenninus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|66|[[Aeneis/Liber I#66|66.]]}} {{sc|'''et mvlcere dedit flvctvs et tollere vento'''}}  aliud pendet ex alio; nam qui potest mulcere, potest et tollere, id est erigere in tempestatem. 'mulcere' autem delenire. hinc mulsum quod dulcedine animos nostros permulceat. alii 'mulcere' mitigare, mollire uel fouere. 

{{ancora+|67|[[Aeneis/Liber I#67|67.]]}} {{sc|'''gens'''}} sermo hic et nationem significat et familiam, sed nunc ad utrumque potest referri. nam aut ad familiam Aeneae aut ad Troianam gentem refertur. {{sc|'''tyrrhenvm'''}} tyrrhenus cum fratre Lydo regnum ea indulgentia tenuit, ut ingens frequentia populi his contingeret: quae causa summam rerum fecit inopiam, nullo patriam relinquente aut uolente peregrinari, quia tanta bonitas erat in regibus. consilium igitur habuerunt, ut partiti turbam, quam alere non poterant, alternis diebus abstinerent a cibis lusibusque uacaretur. atque hac lasciuia excogitauerunt talorum tesserarumque iactus pilaeque lusum et tibiae modulationem et concentum symphoniae tubarumque, quibus auocati ciues facilius tolerarent ieiunium. nouissime tamen quia uincebat necessitas nec ulla consilia famem releuarent, sortiti sunt, uter ex fratribus cum parte populi abiret in quas sors terras dedisset. cum Tyrrhenus sorte iussus discederet, in mari quod Tyrrhenum ab eo uocatur periit. cuius filius Tuscus cum populo euasit in regionem Tusciam, quae ab eo nomen accepit. {{sc|'''tyrrhenvm'''}} tyrrhenum mare dictum est uel quod Tusciam adluit, id est Tyrrheniam, uel certe a Tyrrhenis nautis, qui se in hoc mare praecipitauerunt. namque hoc habet fabula, dormientem in litore Liberum patrem puerum nautas abstulisse Tyrrhenos. qui cum esset experrectus in naui, quo duceretur rogauit; responderunt illi, quo uellet. Liber ait ad Naxum insulam sibi sacratam. at coeperunt alio uela deflectere, quam ob rem iratum numen tigres sibi sacratas iussit uideri, quo terrore se illi in fluctus dedere praecipites. alii dicunt, quod stuprum Libero patri inferre temptauerint ac propterea hoc pertulerint. {{sc|'''mihi navigat'''}} id est in meum dolorem. {{sc|'''navigat aeqvor'''}} figura Graeca est; nos enim dicimus per aequor nauigat. similiter etiam alio loco &quot;terram, mare, sidera iuro&quot;, cum latinitas exigat, ut addatur praepositio per. et non uacat quod 'Tyrrhenum' addidit; uidetur enim dicere, iam eis Italiam esse uicinam. 

{{ancora+|68|[[Aeneis/Liber I#68|68.]]}} {{sc|'''ilivm in italiam portans'''}}  id est res Ilienses. et inuidiose dicit Ilium, quasi ipsam cernat ciuitatem, cum Troianos aspexerit. et bene 'Ilium', hoc est quam fata stare noluerint. {{sc|'''victosqve penates'''}} a Graecis. tacite occurrit quaestioni: portat quidem deos, sed uictos, hoc est contemnendos, ne facere contra inuictos nollet. 

{{ancora+|69|[[Aeneis/Liber I#69|69.]]}} {{sc|'''incvte vim ventis'''}}  duplex sensus est: 'incute' enim si inice significat, 'uentis' datiuus est casus, hoc est, parua est eorum, etiam tu eis da magnam uim; si autem 'fac', septimus casus est, et erit sensus: fac uim Troianis per uentos, hoc est, per uentos uim in Troianos incute. Ennius &quot;dictis Romanis incutit iram&quot;. {{sc|'''svbmersasqve obrve pvppes'''}} ordo est ⟨inuersus⟩ in sensu; ante enim est ut obruantur fluctibus, et sic submerguntur. tota autem Iunonis petitio in sequentibus explanatur. SUBMERSASQUE OBRVE P- id est obrue, ut submergas. 


{{ancora+|70|[[Aeneis/Liber I#70|70.]]}} {{sc|'''avt age diversos'''}}  hoc est disperge illos per diuersa, ne ad Italiam ueniant; duobus enim generibus deletur exercitus, aut internecione aut dispersione. {{sc|'''et dissice corpora'''}} hic mutauit coniunctionem, nam dicendum erat 'aut dissice corpora'. {{sc|'''corpora ponto'''}} tam uirorum quam nauium, ut ipse alio loco cum de nauibus loqueretur &quot;et toto descendit corpore pestis&quot;. sciendum sane est artem hanc esse petitionis, ut minora inpetrare cupientes maiora poscamus: quod etiam nunc Iuno facit. scit namque se fatis obstare non posse, sed hoc agit, ut eos arceat ab Italia. 

{{ancora+|71|[[Aeneis/Liber I#71|71.]]}} {{sc|'''svnt mihi bis septem'''}}  non sine ratione Iuno nymphas dicitur sua potestate retinere; ipsa est enim aer, de quo nubes creantur, ut est &quot;atque in nubem cogitur aer&quot;, ex nubibus aquae, quas nymphas esse non dubium est. ideo autem nympham Aeolo pollicetur, quia uentorum rex est, qui aquae motu creantur. bene ergo ei iungitur origo uentorum. sane notant Vergilium critici, quia marito promittit uxorem: quod excusat regia licentia, ut Sallustius &quot;denas alii alii plures habent, sed reges eo amplius&quot;. uel certe quod ex priore coniuge inprobos filios Aeolus habuerit, uel quod haec quam promittit inmortalis est. alii uolunt Iunonem per iram oblitam, Aeolum uxorem et filios habere; quod exinde adserunt, quia Aeolus ad haec nihil ei responderit. et bene Iuno sic pollicetur, quasi Aeolo beneficium ante non concesserit. econtra Aeolus non ad praesens, sed ad praeteritum respondit 'tu mihi quodcumque hoc regni est'. {{sc|'''praestanti corpore nymphae'''}} bene etiam istas laudat, ut maior sit in Deiopea pulchritudinis gloria. laudabilius enim est superare laudatos, ut ipse ad maiorem Aeneae gloriam laudat et Turnum. harum autem quattuordecim nomina, ut quidam uolunt, in Georgicis inuenimus. 'praestanti' autem 'corpore' pro praestantis corporis, ablatiuum pro genetiuo. 

{{ancora+|72|[[Aeneis/Liber I#72|72.]]}} {{sc|'''qvarvm qvae forma'''}}  dicimus et per se 'quarum quae pulcherrima', et plus ornauit inferendo 'forma pulcherrima'. 

{{ancora+|73|[[Aeneis/Liber I#73|73.]]}} {{sc|'''convbio ivngam'''}}  deest eam; et conubium est ius legitimi matrimonii. et bene 'conubio iungam' dixit, ut hanc ab aliis segregaret, quae a regibus sine lege habentur. solent enim reges inter plures uni praecipuum dare nomen uxoris. et 'conubio' nu breuem posuit, cum naturaliter longa sit. nubo enim, unde habet originem, longa est. sed est tropus systole, qui fit quotienscumque longa corripitur syllaba propter metri necessitatem. ipse alio loco longam posuit, ut est &quot;Hectoris Andromache Pyrrhin conubia seruas?&quot; item &quot;cuique loci leges dedimus, conubia nostra reppulit&quot; et &quot;per conubia nostra&quot; et &quot;Nomadumque petam conubia supplex&quot;. sciendum tamen est, quia plerumque in conpositione uel deriuatione principalitatis natura corrumpitur. {{sc|'''convbio ivngam stabili propriamqve dicabo'''}} multa in unum contulit uersum quae Iuno promittit; dicendo enim 'conubio' ostendit legitimam, dicendo 'stabili' longam promittit concordiam, id est quae diuortio careat, dicendo 'propriam' adulterii remouet suspitionem. quod autem adiecit 'dicabo' obsequentem eam fore demonstrat. in usu enim est ut dicamus, sacerdos dicatus est numini, hoc est ad obsequium datus est. alii 'dicabo' dabo accipiunt. Terentius &quot;iam hanc operam tibi dico&quot;, id est do, sicuti ab eo quod est dico participium a passiuo dictus facit, ut est &quot;Iunoni infernae dictus sacer&quot;, quamuis alibi lectum sit &quot;templis sibi ferre dicatis&quot;. 'propriam dicabo' autem deest 'tibi eam'. 'propriam' autem possumus uel firmam uel perpetuam accipere, ut &quot;si proprium hoc fuerit&quot;. Terentius &quot;nihilne esse cuiquam proprium&quot; et &quot;quod uoluptates eorum propriae sunt&quot; et &quot;da propriam, Thymbraee, domum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|74|[[Aeneis/Liber I#74|74.]]}} {{sc|'''omnes annos'''}}  bene, quia dea est; non enim usque ad senectutem. {{sc|'''meritis'''}} praestitis, ut alibi &quot;nec te regina negabo promeritam&quot;, id est praestitisse. et alterum pendet ex altero; meritum enim non nisi ex praestantis descendit beneficio. 

{{ancora+|75|[[Aeneis/Liber I#75|75.]]}} {{sc|'''pvlchra prole'''}}  bene postremum addidit propter quod matrimonium contrahitur, pulcherrimos filios. et mire hoc Iuno Lucina promittit, quasi non ob libidinem offerat. {{sc|'''pvlchra prole'''}} notanda figura; frequenter enim hac utitur. nam quod nos per genetiuum singularem dicimus, antiqui per septimum dicebant, ut hoc loco 'parentem pulchra prole', id est pulchrae prolis. et simpliciter intellegendum est; errant namque qui dicunt ideo 'pulchra' dixisse propter Canacen et Macareum in se inuicem turpissimos fratres. illi enim alterius Aeoli filii fuerunt. 

{{ancora+|76|[[Aeneis/Liber I#76|76.]]}} {{sc|'''aeolvs haec'''}}  subaudis 'dixit', quod ex posterioribus intellegitur, ut supra notauimus. {{sc|'''regina'''}} inferioris personae reuetentia est maiorem meritis appellare, non nomine; contra maioris est minorem nomine tantum uocare. qui ordo non nisi per indignationem corrumpitur, ut in duodecimo Sages in extremis rebus Turnum non regem uocat, ut &quot;ruitque inplorans nomine Turnum&quot;. et alibi de Aristaeo &quot;et te crudelem nomine dicit&quot;. {{sc|'''optes'''}} optare non tantum eligere significat, ut alibi &quot;optauitque locum regno&quot;, sed etiam uelle, ut hoc loco 'quid optes' quid uelis. Lucilius in VI. &quot;quid ipsum facere optes&quot;, id est uelis. alii 'quid optes' quid petas. sane seruauit ordinem; nam qui promittit statim a primo polliceri debet, post si qua uult addat, ut auditor expectatione non pendeat. 

{{ancora+|77|[[Aeneis/Liber I#77|77.]]}} {{sc|'''explorare'''}} deliberare; superius namque multa poposcerat Iuno. hoc ergo dicit: tuum est deliberare, quid uelis. aut certe aperire uel pensare, quale sit desiderium. alii explorare Iouis animum; aut certe 'explorare' explanare; aut certe statuere, an aequum sit quod petis, tuus enim hic labor est. {{sc|'''mihi ivssa capessere fas est'''}} figura est litotes, quae fit quotienscumque minus dicimus et plus significamus per contrarium intellegentes, ut hoc loco non ait: licet mihi inplere quae praecipis, sed nefas est non inplere quae iusseris. item &quot;munera nec sperno&quot;, id est libenter accipio. {{sc|'''mihi ivssa capessere fas est'''}} hoc secundum ea quae aliter dicuntur, aliter audiuntur dictum est. {nam} cum dicit non se posse ⟨non⟩ inplere quae Iuno praecipiat, nefas tamen putat {non} inplere praecepta. 'mihi' sane ultima syllaba produci debet, quia hoc casu omnia uel nomina uel pronomina uel participia in ultima syllaba produci debent. 'capessere' autem est saepe capere. 

{{ancora+|78|[[Aeneis/Liber I#78|78.]]}} {{sc|'''tv mihi qvodcvmqve hoc regni'''}}  rediit ad physicam rationem. nam motus aeris, id est Iunonis, uentos creat, quibus Aeolus praeest. dicendo autem 'quodcumque' aut uerecunde ait, ne uideatur adrogans, aut latenter paene iocatur poeta; quis enim potest uentos, id est rem inanem tenere? TU MIHI Q- H- R- hoc ad illud respondet 'namque tibi diuum pater atque hominum rex'. QUODCVMQUE H- R- quia ipse rex sub alieno imperio est. 'quodcumque' ergo quod 'clauso uentorum carcere regno', nec in mea manu est nisi iusso uentos emittere. {{sc|'''iovemqve concilias'''}} hysteroproteron in sensu. non enim Iuppiter conciliatur Aeolo, sed Aeolus Ioui, quasi superiori. conciliantur autem noui, reconciliantur antiqui. 

{{ancora+|79|[[Aeneis/Liber I#79|79.]]}} {{sc|'''tv das epvlis accvmbere divvm'''}}  hoc est, tu me deum facis. duplici enim ratione diuinos honores meremur, dearum coniugio et conuiuio deorum. unde et in bucolicis &quot;nec deus hunc mensa, dea nec dignata cubili est&quot;. sane 'epulis accumbere' secundum sui temporis consuetudinem dixit; nam olim sedentes uescebantur, sicut ipse meminit &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. et apud Homerum sedentes dii epulantur. 

{{ancora+|80|[[Aeneis/Liber I#80|80.]]}} {{sc|'''nimborvmqve'''}} nubium, ut &quot;et lunam in nimbo nox intempesta tenebat&quot;. 

{{ancora+|81|[[Aeneis/Liber I#81|81.]]}} {{sc|'''haec vbi dicta'''}}  et a Iunone et ab Aeolo. et 'dicta' si nomen est, dedit, si participium, deest sunt. et 'haec ubi dicta' pro postquam, aduerbium locale pro temporali. {{sc|'''cavvm'''}} ordo est, conuersa cuspide cauum montem in latus inpulit. et alibi &quot;in latus inque feri curuam compagibus aluum contorsit&quot;. alii 'in latus' pro latus accipiunt. Ennius &quot;nam me grauis impetus Orci percutit in latus&quot;. {{sc|'''inpvlit in latvs'''}} quasi in rem quae facile cedit ictui. 

{{ancora+|82|[[Aeneis/Liber I#82|82.]]}} {{sc|'''agmine'''}} uel inpetu uel multitudine. agmen enim polysemus sermo est. nam inpetum significat, ut &quot;illi agmine certo Laocoonta petunt&quot;; multitudinem, ut &quot;uocat agmina saeua sororum&quot;. etiam incedentem exercitum 'agmen' uocamus. 

{{ancora+|83|[[Aeneis/Liber I#83|83.]]}} {{sc|'''qva data'''}}  et in undecimo &quot;coeant in foedera dextrae qua datur&quot;. 'qua' ergo quoniam. et 'qua data' ad uotum uentorum uidetur rettulisse. {{sc|'''porta'''}} omnis exitus porta dicitur, quasi qua potest uel inportari uel exportari aliquid. aut ideo 'porta', quia 'agmine' dixerat; nam porta proprie aut urbis aut castrorum est. {{sc|'''tvrbine'''}} ui uentorum. et sciendum est, quod quando appellatiuum est 'turbinis' facit, sed si sit nomen proprium, 'Turbonis' facit, ut Horatius &quot;Turbonis in armis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|84|[[Aeneis/Liber I#84|84.]]}} {{sc|'''incvbvere mari'''}}  tria dicit elementa turbata: 'terras turbine perflant', 'incubuere mari' et rursum 'intonuere poli'. his ergo enumeratis recte adiecit 'intentant omnia mortem'. 

{{ancora+|85|[[Aeneis/Liber I#85|85.]]}} {{sc|'''evrvsqve notvsqve'''}}  cardinales quattuor uenti sunt, de quibus nunc tres ponit, paulo post unum quem omiserat reddit, ut &quot;stridens aquilone procella&quot;. {{sc|'''vna evrvsqve notvsqve et africvs'''}} bene modo hos tres uentos inferiores tantum nominauit, qui a sedibus imis mare commouent, Zephyrum et Aquilonem tacuit; Zephyrum, qui ad Italiam ducit, Aquilonem, qui desuper flat. ideo Homerus de eo &quot;g-kai g-borees g-aithrehgenetes, g-mega g-kuma g-kulindohn&quot;. {{sc|'''rvvnt'''}} autem modo eruunt. {{sc|'''procellis'''}} procella est uis uenti cum pluuia, dicta procella ab eo, quod omnia percellat, hoc est moueat. 

{{ancora+|87|[[Aeneis/Liber I#87|87.]]}} {{sc|'''inseqvitvr clamorqve virvm'''}}  quia praecesserat uentorum sonus, quem et ipsum clamorem possumus dicere. {{sc|'''stridorqve rvdentvm'''}} proprie; nam in funibus stridor est. 'stridor' autem est sibilus. Pacuuius in Teucro &quot;armamentum stridor et rudentum sibilus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|88|[[Aeneis/Liber I#88|88.]]}} {{sc|'''eripivnt s'''}} - N- Accius in Clytemestra &quot;deum regnator nocte caeca caelum e conspectu abstulit&quot; 

{{ancora+|89|[[Aeneis/Liber I#89|89.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrorvm ex ocvlis'''}}  numquam enim totum caelum nubibus tegitur, sed illa pars, contra quam flauerint uenti. quod autem dixit diem eripi, ad uidentum oculos rettulit, non ad naturam. TEUCRORUM E- O- bene 'Teucrorum', quibus tempestas inmissa erat. {{sc|'''nox incvbat'''}} nox dicta, quod oculis noceat. 'incubat' autem ideo dixit, quod alienum tempus inuasit. nam incubare proprie dicitur per uim rem alienam uelle tenere. aut certe 'nox incubat', ut nihil interualli esset inter tenebras et mare. aut tempestates, ut in georgicis &quot;ipse pater media nimborum in nocte corusca fulmina molitur dextra&quot;. 

{{ancora+|90|[[Aeneis/Liber I#90|90.]]}} {{sc|'''poli'''}} axes, id est extremae partes caeli. duo enim sunt, notius et borius, a quibus totum caelum contonuisse significat. {{sc|'''aether'''}} aetherem hoc loco pro aere posuit. nubes enim, unde et fulmina, aeris sunt, non aetheris: et frequenter Vergilius duo ista confundit. 

{{ancora+|91|[[Aeneis/Liber I#91|91.]]}} {{sc|'''intentant'''}} minantur, ingerunt. {{sc|'''omnia'''}} autem ad superiora rettulit. 

{{ancora+|92|[[Aeneis/Liber I#92|92.]]}} {{sc|'''extemplo'''}} ilico statim. et est augurum sermo. templum enim dicitur locus manu designatus in aere, post quem factum ilico captantur auguria. {{sc|'''aeneae'''}} seruauit g-to g-prepon, ut Aeneam ultimum territum dicat. {{sc|'''frigore'''}} timore. et est reciproca translatio; nam et timor pro frigore et frigus pro timore ponitur, ut in Terentio &quot;uxorem tuam pauitare aiunt&quot; non timere, sed laborare frigoribus; utrumque enim in unum exitum cadit, sicut et de calore et de frigore urere dicimus, ut est &quot;aut Boreae penetrabile frigus adurat&quot;. nam et Graeci g-phrikta dicunt quae sunt timenda, ut Homerus { &quot;g-dohra g-men g-ouk g-et' g-onosta&quot;}. Liuius in Odyssia &quot;igitur demum Ulixi cor frixit prae pauore&quot;. reprehenditur sane hoc loco Vergilius, quod improprie hos uersus Homeri transtulerit g-kai g-tot g-Odusseos g-luto g-gounata, g-kai g-philon g-ehtor, g-ochthehsas d' g-ara g-eipe g-pros g-hon g-megalehtora g-thumon&quot;. nam 'soluuntur frigore membra' longe aliud est, quam luto gounata: et 'duplices tendens ad sidera palmas talia uoce refert' molle, cum illud magis altum et heroicae personae g-pros g-hon g-megalehtora thumon. praeterea quis interdiu manus ad sidera tollit, aut quis ad caelum manum tendens non aliud precatur potius, quam dicit 'o terque quaterque beati'? et ille intra se, ne exaudiant socii et timidiores despondeant animo, hic uero uociferatur. 

{{ancora+|93|[[Aeneis/Liber I#93|93.]]}} {{sc|'''ingemit'''}} non propter mortem ingemit, sequitur enim 'o terque quaterque beati', sed propter mortis genus. graue enim est secundum Homerum perire naufragio, quia anima ignea est et exstingui uidetur in mari, id est elemento contrario. {{sc|'''dvplices'''}} duas, secundum morem antiquum. nam duplices duos dicebant, ut hoc loco, et binos duos, et utrosque pro utrumque, ut Cicero &quot;binos habebam, iubeo promi utrosque&quot;. item Sallustius cum de duobus loqueretur &quot;hi utrique ad urbem imperatores erant&quot;. {{sc|'''palmas'''}} manus explicitas. 

{{ancora+|94|[[Aeneis/Liber I#94|94.]]}} {{sc|'''talia voce refert'''}}  profert. 're' abundat. alibi 'refert' respondet, ut &quot;Anna refert&quot;. sic in consuetudine dicimus: ille mihi rettulit. {{sc|'''o terqve qvaterqve'''}} id est saepius; finitus numerus pro infinito. et sic erupit in uocem cum dolore Homerus g-tris g-makares g-Danaoi g-kai g-tetrakis, g-hoi g-tot' g-olonto. et hoc principium quidam acephalon dicunt, cum intellegi debeat, multa eum intra se cogitasse, postremo in haec erupisse. 

{{ancora+|95|[[Aeneis/Liber I#95|95.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis'''}} et quis et quibus significat: secundum artem enim sic dicimus. ab eo enim quod est 'a qui' in 'bus' mittit, ab eo quod est 'a quo' in 'is' mittit, sed a tertia declinatione in usu sunt datiuus et ablatiuus plurales, licet antiqui omnibus usi sint casibus. denique Cato in originibus ait &quot;si ques sunt populi&quot;. et declinauit 'ques quium', ut 'puppes puppium'. {{sc|'''moenibvs altis'''}} propter Pergama, quae altissima fuerunt, ex quibus omnia alta aedificia pergama uocantur, sicut Aeschylus dicit. 

{{ancora+|96|[[Aeneis/Liber I#96|96.]]}} {{sc|'''oppetere'''}} ore terram petere, id est mori. possumus autem sic uti hoc sermone, ut et per se plenus sit et recipiat adiectionem. ergo dicimus et oppetit et mortem oppetit, sicut et exspirat et animam exspirat. {{sc|'''fortissime gentis'''}} atqui in artibus legimus superlatiuum gradum non nisi genetiuo plurali iungi. constat quidem, sed 'gens' nomen est enuntiatione singulare, intellectu plurale. bene ergo iunxit, in gente enim plures sunt, ut alibi ipse &quot;ditissimus agri Phoenicum&quot;; non enim unus est ager Phoenicum. item Sallustius &quot;Romani generis disertissimus&quot;. aut superlatiuo pro comparatiuo usus uidetur, quasi fortissimis comparandus, non ut uulgo creditur praeferendus. sane quaeritur, cur Diomedem fortissimum dixerit, cum post Achillem et Aiacem ipse sit tertius, unde et Sallustius ait &quot;primum Graecorum Achillem&quot;. multi dicunt ideo fortissimum, quia iuxta Homerum et Venerem uulnerauit et Martem. alii ad gentem referunt, quod Achilles Thessalus fuit, Aiax Graecus, Diomedes Danaus. multi ad excusationem Aeneae uolunt fortissimum dictum, a quo eum constat esse percussum, ut Iuuenalis &quot;uel quo Tydides percussit pondere coxam Aeneae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|97|[[Aeneis/Liber I#97|97.]]}} {{sc|'''tydide'''}} uocatiuus Graecus est; si enim latine diceret, o Tydida debuit ponere. omnia enim patronymica quae in 'des' exeunt apud Latinos primae sunt declinationis, ut &quot;saeuus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector&quot;. Tydides Diomedes, Tydei et Deipyles, Adrasti filiae, filius, qui post captum Ilium ad Italiam uenit, quod plenius in XI- libro habes. eo tempore statua cum in templo Apollinis Delphici staret, ui quadam diuina ad Corcyram migrauit et uisa est muros Corcyraeorum defendere: nam eius comminatione hostibus fugatis Corcyra bello exempta est. 

{{ancora+|98|[[Aeneis/Liber I#98|98.]]}} {{sc|'''non potvisse'''}}  quasi semper uoluerit. {{sc|'''animam hanc'''}} quasi cum dolore 'animam hanc', ac si diceret infelicem, quae ad laborem nata est. {{sc|'''effvndere'''}} secundum eos qui dicunt sanguinem esse animam, ut ipse alibi &quot;purpuream uomit ille animam&quot;. nam alio loco aliorum opinionem sequitur, qui dicunt spiritum esse animam, unde est &quot;atque in uentos uita recessit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|99|[[Aeneis/Liber I#99|99.]]}} {{sc|'''saevvs'''}} magnus, ut superius diximus. uel fortis, uel bellicosus, ut est &quot;et saeuum Aenean agnouit Turnus in armis&quot;. uel aduersus hostes 'saeuus', et est epitheton ad tempus; nam incongruum erat ab Aenea saeuum Hectorem dici. aut 'saeuus', quod aduersum Antenorem et Aeneam et Helenum sentiens Helenam non permiserit reddi. ⟨aut⟩ ideo 'saeuus' Hector, quia Aeneas pius. quod autem ait 'Aeacidae telo' uult ostendere feliciorem Hectorem, cui contigerit ab Achille perire, quod ipse optauerit ei congressus, sicut in V. Neptunus Veneri loquitur. et bene elegit, cum quibus perisse debuerit; ipse enim et fortis est, et numinum proles: recte ergo his iungitur, in quibus talia fuerunt. 


{{ancora+|100|[[Aeneis/Liber I#100|100.]]}} {{sc|'''sarpedon'''}} et in ultima possumus accentum ponere et in paenultima: nam Homerus et 'Sarpedonis' declinauit et 'Sarpedontis', unde et uarius accentus est: 'Sarpedonis' enim antepaenultima habet accentum, 'Sarpedontis' paenultima. sed 'Sarpedontis' usurpauit; naturalis enim declinatio est 'Sarpedon Sarpedonis', ut 'Memnon Memnonis, Sinon Sinonis'. si autem genetiuum in 'dontis' miserit, a circumflexo uenit, qui est in ultima syllaba nominatiui, ut Demophon Demophontis, Laocon Laocontis. sic ergo et Sarpedon, Sarpedontis. est autem Sarpedon Iouis filius et Laodamiae, ut alio loco &quot;quin occidit una Sarpedon mea progenies&quot; occisus a Patroclo, Menoeti filio, armis Achillis induto. huius interitum Iuppiter prosecutus dicitur imbre sanguineo. {{sc|'''simois'''}} nomen hoc integrum ad nos transiit, unde suo est accentu proferendum. nam si esset latinum, in antepaenultima haberet accentum, quia secunda a fine breuis est. sane bene fecisse uidetur Simoentis mentionem, ut ibi uideatur pati se optauisse, ubi genitus est, ut alibi &quot;tune ille Aeneas, quem Dardanio Anchisae alma Venus Phrygii genuit Simoentis ad undam?&quot; {{sc|'''svb vndis'''}} et 'sub undis' legimus, et 'sub undas'. sed si 'sub undas', 'correpta' intellege, si 'sub undis', 'uoluit'; uaria ergo distinctio est. {{sc|'''correpta'''}} rapta. 

{{ancora+|101|[[Aeneis/Liber I#101|101.]]}} {{sc|'''fortia corpora'''}}  hoc est uirorum fortium corpora; nulla enim est in mortuis fortitudo. 

{{ancora+|102|[[Aeneis/Liber I#102|102.]]}} {{sc|'''talia iactanti'''}}  inaniter loquenti, ut alibi &quot;atque inrita iurgia iactat et uoces dum iactat inanes&quot;. {{sc|'''aqvilone'''}} ab Aquilone. ecce hic reddit uentum quem transierat, et a generali tempestate ad speciem transit. 

{{ancora+|103|[[Aeneis/Liber I#103|103.]]}} {{sc|'''adversa'''}} contraria, quia ad Italiam nauigantibus Aquilo contrarius est. 

{{ancora+|104|[[Aeneis/Liber I#104|104.]]}} {{sc|'''frangvntvr remi'''}}  uel gubernacula, uel quod melius est re uera remi. antiqui enim uelis remisque nauigabant, ut &quot;ualidis incumbere remis, obliquat sinus in uentos&quot;. et hoc de naui Aeneae, an de omnibus dixit? {{sc|'''tvm proram avertit'''}} alii 'prora' legi tradunt. {{sc|'''avertit'''}} pro 'auertitur'. et est figura creberrima. potest namque pro actiui uerbi significatione passiuum poni, ut est &quot;et pictis bellantur Amazones armis&quot; pro bellant. nec nos debet mouere quod bellor non facit, natura enim hoc prohibuit. nam conpone hoc uerbum, et inuenitur actiuum, facit enim debello debellor. et contra pro passiui uerbi significatione actiuum ponitur, ut est hoc 'auertit' pro auertitur, et &quot;insinuat pauor&quot; pro insinuatur, et &quot;nox umida caelo praecipitat&quot; pro praecipitatur. sed haec uerba tantummodo pro se inuicem ponuntur, quae et actiua esse possunt et passiua, ut est auerto auertor, praecipito praecipitor. ergo non possumus dicere quod quidam artigraphus, declinationes actiui uerbi et passiui pro se inuicem poni. nam et neutralis uerbi declinatio actiua est et communis deponentisue passiua, et aliud est esse actiuum uerbum, aliud habere actiui uerbi declinationem. 

{{ancora+|105|[[Aeneis/Liber I#105|105.]]}} {{sc|'''dat latvs'''}}  inclinatur. {{sc|'''cvmvlo'''}} altitudine. {{sc|'''cvmvlo'''}} exuberante fluctu, cum cumulo. {{sc|'''praervptvs'''}} in altum leuatus. 

{{ancora+|106|[[Aeneis/Liber I#106|106.]]}} {{sc|'''hi'''}} pro illi uel alii, et bene dicticos. {{sc|'''his'''}} pro illis uel aliis. {{sc|'''dehiscens'''}} ualde hiscens. 'de' enim augentis est, ut in Terentio &quot;deamo te Syre&quot;. 

{{ancora+|107|[[Aeneis/Liber I#107|107.]]}} {{sc|'''aperit'''}} ostendit, ut Sallustius &quot;caput aperire solitus&quot;, id est nudare, ostendere. sic alibi &quot;uisa aperire procul montes&quot;. sane aliter hic 'aperit', aliter 'ostium aperit'. {{sc|'''harenis'''}} et ab harenis et cum harenis, id est uel ab imo mouebatur mare uel cum ipsis harenis, ut in tempestate solet. 

{{ancora+|108|[[Aeneis/Liber I#108|108.]]}} {{sc|'''tris'''}} Latinum est. genetiuus enim pluralis quotiens in 'ium' exit, accusatiuum pluralem in 'is' mittit, ut 'puppium puppis'; quotiens in 'um' exit, in 'es' mittit, ut 'patrum patres'. {{sc|'''saxa latentia'''}} modo propter tempestatem, non ut quidam tradunt tranquillo mari; nam quemadmodum latent quae nomen habent? haec autem saxa inter Africam, Siciliam et Sardiniam et Italiam sunt, quae saxa ob hoc Itali aras uocant, quod ibi Afri et Romani foedus inierunt et fines imperii sui illic esse uoluerunt. unde et Dido &quot;litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas inprecor&quot;. quae arae a Sisenna &quot;propitiae&quot; uocantur. alii dicunt Graecos haec saxa g-bomous appellare. quidam insulam fuisse hunc locum tradunt, quae subito pessum ierit, cuius reliquias saxa haec exstare, in quibus aiunt Poenorum sacerdotes rem diuinam facere solitos. has aras alii Neptunias uocant, sicut Claudius Quadrigarius I- annalium &quot;apud aras, quae uocabantur Neptuniae&quot;. Varro de ora maritima lib- I &quot;ut faciunt hi, qui ab Sardinia Siciliam aut contra petunt. nam si utramque ex conspectu amiserunt, sciunt periculose se nauigare ac uerentur in pelago latentem insulam, quem locum uocant aras&quot;. {{sc|'''torqvet'''}} iacit, inmittit, ut &quot;torquet aquosam hiemem&quot;. alibi 'torquet' deflectit, ut &quot;torquet medios nox umida currus&quot;. alibi regit et frenat, ut &quot;cuncta tuo qui bella pater sub numine torques&quot;. alibi sustinet et fert &quot;axem umero torquet stellis fulgentibus aptum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|109|[[Aeneis/Liber I#109|109.]]}} {{sc|'''saxa vocant itali mediis qvae in flvctibvs aras'''}}  ordo est, quae saxa in mediis fluctibus Itali aras uocant. pro quibus hunc ordinem esse ait 'tris Notus abreptas mediis fluctibus in saxa latentia torquet'. alii 'mediis ⟨quae⟩ fluctibus aras' legunt, ut sit ordo 'saxa uocant Itali aras, quae mediis fluctibus', ut desit 'sunt'. Italos autem aliqui non qui in Italia nati sint, sed qui Latine loquantur accipiunt. 


{{ancora+|110|[[Aeneis/Liber I#110|110.]]}} {{sc|'''dorsvm inmane'''}}  eminens, altum, secundum Homerum. uel certe eminens planities aut superficies durior. aut sic ait hic poeta 'dorsum' de saxo, ut Homerus &quot;g-nohta g-thalassehs&quot;, sicut alibi ipse &quot;dorso dum pendet iniquo&quot;. quidam 'inmane' pro malo accipiunt positum propter naufragia, quae ibi solent fieri; nam 'manum' bonum dicunt, ergo quod bono contrarium inmane; non enim potest pro magno accipi, ⟨ut⟩ alibi &quot;posuitque inmania templa&quot;, quia non facile apparent haec saxa, nisi cum mare uentis mouetur. 'dorsum' autem hoc loco non absurde ait, quia Graece arae ipsae g-hippou g-nohta dicuntur, ut Sinnius Capito tradidit, secundum Homerum. {{sc|'''mari svmmo'''}} uel in summo, uel in placido. 

{{ancora+|111|[[Aeneis/Liber I#111|111.]]}} {{sc|'''in brevia et syrtes'''}}  id est in breuia syrtium, quo modo &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. 'breuia' autem uadosa dicit, per quae possumus uadere. {{sc|'''et syrtes'''}} syrtium &quot;sinus duo sunt pares natura, inpares magnitudine&quot;, ut Sallustius dicit. 

{{ancora+|112|[[Aeneis/Liber I#112|112.]]}} {{sc|'''vadis'''}} uada g-ta g-brachea. Varro de ora maritima libro I &quot;si ab aqua summa non alte est terra dicitur uadus&quot;. et multi sic legunt 'inliditque uadis atque aggere cingit harenae'. 

{{ancora+|113|[[Aeneis/Liber I#113|113.]]}} {{sc|'''lycios'''}} hi Troiae ad auxilium uenerant, qui mortuo rege Pandaro Aeneam secuti sunt, unde et in secundo ait &quot;comitum adfluxisse nouorum&quot;. {{sc|'''fidvm'''}} fidelem. utrumque nomen idem significat. quamuis quidam uelint fidum amicum, fidelem seruum dici. et sic pronuntiandum, ut dolorem adferat talis socii amissio. 

{{ancora+|114|[[Aeneis/Liber I#114|114.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsivs ante ocvlos'''}}  ad maiorem dolorem: unde alibi &quot;quaeque ipse miserrima uidi&quot;, item &quot;qui nati coram me cernere letum fecisti&quot;. {{sc|'''ingens pontvs'''}} magna pars ponti. et est tropus synecdoche. {{sc|'''a vertice'''}} aut a puppi, quae uertex nauis est, aut ab Aquilone, qui flat a mundi uertice, hoc est a septentrione, ut ipse alibi &quot;hic uertex nobis semper sublimis&quot;. quidam 'uerticem' hic procellam accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|115|[[Aeneis/Liber I#115|115.]]}} {{sc|'''in pvppim'''}}  pro puppim: addidit praepositionem. {{sc|'''pronvs'''}} g-prehnehs. non nulli sane 'pronum' aduerbialiter legunt. {{sc|'''magister'''}} leucaspis, ut in sexto libro &quot;Leucaspim et Lyciae ductorem classis Orontem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|116|[[Aeneis/Liber I#116|116.]]}} {{sc|'''ter'''}} saepius, finitus numerus pro infinito. crebros enim fluctus facit Aquilo, ut Sallustius &quot;crebritate fluctuum ut Aquilone solet&quot;. uel certe quod Graeci g-trikumian appellant, ut Sallustius &quot;triplici fluctu&quot;. IBIDEM 'ibidem' et 'ubinam' multi dubitant ubi esse debeat accentus, quia 'ibi' et 'ubi' naturaliter breues sunt, sed ratione finalitatis plerumque producuntur in uersu, nescientes hanc esse rationem, quia pronuntiationis causa contra usum Latinum syllabis ultimis, quibus particulae adiunguntur, accentus tribuitur, ut 'musaque' 'illene' 'huiusce'. sic ergo et 'ibidem'. 

{{ancora+|117|[[Aeneis/Liber I#117|117.]]}} {{sc|'''torqvet agens circvm'''}}  in gyrum circumagit. {{sc|'''vertex'''}} uertex dicitur circumacta in se unda et quae quasi sorbere uideatur: quod de Charybdi legitur &quot;atque imo barathri ter gurgite uastos sorbet in abruptum fluctus&quot;, de qua ait Sallustius &quot;Charybdis, mare uerticosum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|118|[[Aeneis/Liber I#118|118.]]}} {{sc|'''apparent'''}} aliud est 'parere' et aliud 'apparere'. 'parere' enim est oboedire, ut &quot;paret amor dictis&quot;, 'apparere' autem, uideri, ut &quot;apparet liquido sublimis in aere Nisus&quot;. et haec obseruatio diligenter custodiri debet, licet eam auctores metri causa plerumque corrumpant. {{sc|'''rari'''}} uel propter maris magnitudinem, uel quia una perierat nauis. uel 'rari' de multis, ut ostendat statim alios plures periisse. et quomodo 'apparent', si 'ponto nox incubat atra'? aut quia 'crebris micat ignibus aether', aut quia ante ipsius oculos hoc euenit. {{sc|'''nantes'''}} prima uerbi positio est 'no nas nat', unde est &quot;nare per aestatem liquidam&quot;. prima syllaba naturaliter longa est, licet 'natare' 'na' breuis sit in eadem significatione. {{sc|'''in gvrgite vasto'''}} tapinosis est, id est rei magnae humilis expositio. prudenter tamen Vergilius humilitatem sermonis epitheto subleuat, ut hoc loco 'uasto' addidit. item cum de equo loqueretur ait &quot;cauernas ingentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|119|[[Aeneis/Liber I#119|119.]]}} {{sc|'''arma virvm'''}}  bene addidit 'uirum', id est uirorum. arma enim dicuntur cunctarum artium instrumenta, ut &quot;Cerealiaque arma&quot;, item &quot;colligere arma iubet&quot; et alio loco &quot;dicendum et quae sint duris agrestibus arma&quot;. {{sc|'''troia'''}} differentia in hoc sermone est et in sensu et in syllabis. nam cum prouinciam dicimus, nam Troia prouincia, Ilium ipsa ciuitas, et principale est nomen, breuis est 'Tro'. quando autem non est principale et deriuatio est, longa est 'Tro.', ut &quot;Troius Aeneas&quot;. {{sc|'''gaza'''}} persicus sermo est et significat diuitias, unde Gaza urbs in Palaestina dicitur, quod in ea Cambyses rex Persarum cum Aegyptiis bellum inferret diuitias suas condidit. est autem generis feminini, ut &quot;et gaza laetus agresti&quot;. quo exemplo apparet quoque superfluo quaeri a multis, quemadmodum potuerit aurum natare, nescientibus gazas, id est opes, dici omne quod possidemus. aut certe hyperbole tempestatis, ut etiam ponderosa ferri potuerint. PER UNDAS 'per' quidam nolunt - - . 


{{ancora+|120|[[Aeneis/Liber I#120|120.]]}} {{sc|'''iam validam'''}}  zeugma est ab inferioribus 'uicit hiems'. quod fit et a superioribus et a medio, plerumque et ad utrumque respondet, ut &quot;Troiugena, interpres diuum, qui numina Phoebi, qui tripodas, Clarii laurus, qui sidera sentis et uolucrum linguas et praepetis omina pinnae&quot;. ecce hoc loco 'sentis' et ante dicta et sequentia concludit. {{sc|'''ilionei'''}} antiptosis est, pro genetiuo enim datiuum posuit; nam constat huiusmodi Graeca nomina datiuum singularem in ei diphthongum mittere, ut Orphei; nam illa solutio est cum Orphei separatim dicimus: nec modo 'Ilionei' possumus dicere adstrictum esse genetiuum, ut ipse sit qui et datiuus. quod si forte contingat, non regula mutatur, sed antiptosis fit, qua plerumque utuntur poetae, ut &quot;urbem quam statuo uestra est&quot; pro urbs, item &quot;haeret pede pes&quot; pro pedi. 

{{ancora+|121|[[Aeneis/Liber I#121|121.]]}} {{sc|'''vectvs'''}} qua uehebatur significat. et pro praesenti participio, quod non habemus, praeteritum posuit. in Latino enim sermone a passiuo uerbo praesens participium non est, neque ab actiuo praeteritum. sed quod uno sermone explicare non possumus aut circumlocutione ostendimus, aut si hoc nolumus, participium pro participio ponimus, sed usurpatiue, ut hoc loco factum est. {{sc|'''abas'''}} abantes aliquot tradunt: hic unus, Aeneae comes; alter quem in Troia Diomedes occidit; tertius est Argiuus, cuius clipeum tertio libro Apollini consecrasse dicit Aeneam. 

{{ancora+|122|[[Aeneis/Liber I#122|122.]]}} {{sc|'''vicit hiems'''}}  'hiems' duas res significat: aut tempus aut uim uenti, per quam oritur tempestas. ergo pro loco intellegendum est. Accius &quot;unde estis nautae huc hieme delati&quot;. sic et Varro. {{sc|'''laxis'''}} pro laxatis, nomen pro participio. 

{{ancora+|123|[[Aeneis/Liber I#123|123.]]}} {{sc|'''imbrem'''}} imber dicitur umor omnis, ut Lucretius ex &quot;igni terra atque anima nascuntur et imbri&quot;, id est umore. {{sc|'''imbrem'''}} ueteres enim omnem aquam imbrem dicebant. Ennius imbrem pro aqua marina &quot;ratibusque fremebat imber Neptuni&quot;. {{sc|'''fatiscvnt'''}} abundanter aperiuntur; 'fatim' enim abundanter dicimus, unde et adfatim, hiscere autem aperiri, uerbum frequentatiuum ab hiare. 

{{ancora+|125|[[Aeneis/Liber I#125|125.]]}} {{sc|'''emissam hiemem'''}}  hic apertius tempestatem declarat significari ex Graeco; nam et illi g-cheimona tempestatem dicunt. et bene ueteres nostri 'hiemem anni' dicebant, ne tempestas posset intellegi. {{sc|'''imis'''}} bene in imo uoluit esse Neptunum, ut iam factam cognosceret tempestatem, non incipientem uetaret. 

{{ancora+|126|[[Aeneis/Liber I#126|126.]]}} {{sc|'''stagna'''}} stagnum dicitur aqua stans, sed nunc profunda maris significat ab eo, quod non nisi nimia tempestate turbantur. ergo 'stagna' et 'imis uadis refusa' aliud pendet ex alio, quia inmobilis aqua in imo maris tantummodo est, quam tunc ab imo motu dicit esse turbatam. {{sc|'''graviter commotvs'''}} opportune Neptunum ait commotum cum maria turbantur, quia plerumque poetae Neptunum pro mari ponunt. {{sc|'''et alto prospiciens'''}} aut e mari erigens caput, aut mari prouidens. quidam 'alto' caelo accipiunt, quia ait 'iam caelum terramque'. 

{{ancora+|127|[[Aeneis/Liber I#127|127.]]}} {{sc|'''placidvm capvt'''}}  quaerunt multi quemadmodum 'placidum caput', si 'grauiter commotus'? quasi non possit fieri, ut irascatur uentis, propitius sit Troianis. uno autem epitheto more suo habitum futurae orationis ostendit, ut alibi uno sermone 'tum quassans caput'. {{sc|'''placidvmqve capvt'''}} epitheta alia naturalia sunt, alia ad tempus. et 'placidum' ut naturale Neptuni est, ita 'grauiter commotus' ad tempus ob factam tempestatem. 

{{ancora+|128|[[Aeneis/Liber I#128|128.]]}} {{sc|'''disiectam aeneae t'''}} - V- A- C- hic ostendit Aeolum omnia Iunonis praecepta complesse. nam 'submersasque obrue puppes' in Orontis sociorumque eius interitu; 'aut age diuersas et dissice corpora ponto' 'disiectam Aeneae toto uidet aequore classem'. 

{{ancora+|129|[[Aeneis/Liber I#129|129.]]}} {{sc|'''caeliqve rvina'''}}  id est tonitribus, quorum sonus similis est ruinis. 


{{ancora+|130|[[Aeneis/Liber I#130|130.]]}} {{sc|'''nec latvere doli fratrem ivnonis et irae'''}}  aut doli Iunonis, aut fratrem Iunonis. gemina ergo distinctio est. {{sc|'''fratrem ivnonis'''}} quod et ipsa Saturni est filia. 

{{ancora+|131|[[Aeneis/Liber I#131|131.]]}} {{sc|'''evrvm ad se zephyrvmqve vocat'''}}  per hos omnes intellege; isti enim sunt cardinales. 'ad se' autem g-ehthikohs. cur tamen Zephyrus, qui ad Italiam ducit, quem poeta supra tacuit, nunc uocatur? ira in hoc Neptuni exprimitur, si etiam eum obiurgat, qui non adfuerit. 

{{ancora+|132|[[Aeneis/Liber I#132|132.]]}} {{sc|'''generis fidvcia vestri'''}}  Astraeus enim unus de Titanibus, qui contra deos arma sumpserunt, cum Aurora concubuit, unde nati sunt uenti secundum Hesiodum. et hoc loco fiduciam pro confidentia posuit, cum fiducia in bonis rebus sit, confidentia in malis. 

{{ancora+|133|[[Aeneis/Liber I#133|133.]]}} {{sc|'''iam caelvm terrasqve'''}}  aut ordo est 'ausi estis sine meo numine tantas moles tollere et caelum terrasque turbare'? aut certe illud est, quod tria haec numina, licet diuisa imperia teneant, uidentur tamen inuicem regni totius habere potestatem, sicut et ipsa elementa quae retinent physica inter se quadam ratione iunguntur. quod et ipsorum numinum sceptra significant. Iuppiter enim trifido utitur fulmine, Neptunus tridente, Pluto tricerbero. multi enim quaerunt, cur modo Neptunus de alienis conqueratur elementis. aut certe 'terram' pro mari posuit, ab eo quod continet id quod continetur, quia ipse dicitur g-Enosichthohn et g-Enosigaios, id est mouens terram. et caelum pro aere; constat enim terram cum aqua in aere libratam. {{sc|'''meo sine nvmine'''}} hoc est 'et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas'. {{sc|'''nvmine venti'''}} distingue 'numine', ut 'uenti' conuicium sit. 

{{ancora+|135|[[Aeneis/Liber I#135|135.]]}} {{sc|'''qvos ego'''}}  deficit hoc loco sermo; et congrue, quasi irati et turbatae mentis, ut alibi &quot;me me, adsum&quot;. similiter &quot;incipit effari, mediaque in uoce resistit&quot;. Terentius &quot;quem quidem ego si sensero, sed quid opus est uerbis?&quot; his enim adfectibus tantum sermonis defectio congruit. {{sc|'''qvos ego'''}} subauditur 'ulciscar'. ergo g-aposiohpehsis est, hoc est, ut ad alium sensum transeat, ideo abruptum et pendentem reliquit. et necessarium post tale schema 'sed' coniunctionem sequi, ut &quot;quamquam o, sed&quot;. {{sc|'''sed motos praestat'''}} prudenter agit; plus est enim innocentibus succurrere, quam nocentium delicta punire. {{sc|'''praestat'''}} melius est, ut &quot;praestat Trinacrii metas lustrare Pachyni&quot;. et notandus sermo. nam et per se plenus est, et tam accusatiuo iungitur quam septimo. dicimus enim et 'praestat illum' et 'praestat illo'. 

{{ancora+|136|[[Aeneis/Liber I#136|136.]]}} {{sc|'''post mihi non simili poena commissa lvetis'''}}  aut 'non simili poena', id est non ea qua Troianos adfecistis, aut certe 'mihi non simili', id est uehementer irato. POST MIHI N- S- P- C- L- pro 'non inpune eritis posthac'; nunc enim nullam poenam sentiunt, nisi forte obiurgationis. 'commissa' autem hic pro peccatis. {{sc|'''lvetis'''}} persoluetis. et hic sermo a pecunia descendit; antiquorum enim omnes poenae pecuniariae fuerunt. 

{{ancora+|137|[[Aeneis/Liber I#137|137.]]}} {{sc|'''matvrate fvgam'''}}  cum maturitate, id est cum tranquillitate discedite, quo modo dicimus 'matura iracundiam tuam', id est mitiga; perniciosum enim Troianis est, si maturent fugam, hoc est accelerent. ergo 'fugam' hic tantum discessum accipiendum. 

{{ancora+|138|[[Aeneis/Liber I#138|138.]]}} {{sc|'''saevvmqve'''}} uel magnum et potentem, ut superius, uel uere saeuum in uentos, quia minatur. {{sc|'''tridentem'''}} ideo tridens Neptuno adsignatur, quia mare a quibusdam dicitur tertia pars mundi, uel quia tria genera aquarum sunt, maris, fluminum, fluuiorum, quibus omnibus Neptunum praeesse non nulli dicunt. 

{{ancora+|139|[[Aeneis/Liber I#139|139.]]}} {{sc|'''sorte'''}} ac si diceret potuisse se etiam caelum tenere, Aeolum uero beneficio etiam carceris regna meruisse, nec sine suo arbitrio posse quemquam in suo regno habere potestatem. SED MIHI SORTE DATUM 'sorte' ideo ait, quia Iuppiter et Neptunus et Dis pater, Saturni et Opis filii, cum de mundi possessione certamen inissent, placuit ut imperium sorte diuiderent: ita effectum est, ut caelum Iuppiter, maria Neptunus, Dis pater inferos sortirentur. {{sc|'''inmania'''}} aspera; 'manum' enim antiqui bonum dicebant, sicut supra dictum est, unde et 'mane' dicitur; quid enim melius? et per antiphrasin 'manes' inferi, quia non sint boni. 


{{ancora+|140|[[Aeneis/Liber I#140|140.]]}} {{sc|'''vestras evre domos'''}}  irascentum est uti proprio nomine, ut Terentius &quot;ego te in pistrinum Daue dedam&quot;. aut quasi contra principem tempestatis irascitur, quem primum constat egressum, quia supra 'una Eurusque Notusque ruunt'. quod autem dixit 'saxa inmania, uestras domos' de Pseudulo Plauti tractum est, ubi ait &quot;nisi forte carcerem aliquando effregistis uestram domum&quot;. et figurate 'saxa, domos'; uario enim significatu idem ostenditur. {{sc|'''iactet'''}} pro glorietur, sicut in georgicis &quot;nullo tantum se Moesia cultu iactet&quot;. et hoc ex accidenti sumptum, quoniam quicumque sunt in aliqua re gloriosissima motu quodam et incessu corpus suum iactant. {{sc|'''avla'''}} inrisio est; sequitur enim 'carcere'. et nihil tam contrarium si simpliciter intellegamus. 

{{ancora+|141|[[Aeneis/Liber I#141|141.]]}} {{sc|'''clavso'''}} quia dimittere uentos non ipsius est, sed iubentis. et hoc est &quot;foedere certo et dare iussus habenas&quot;. {{sc|'''ventorvm'''}} non otiose, sed per exprobrationem, poterat enim dicere 'uestro', sed ut supra &quot;meo sine numine uenti&quot;. {{sc|'''carcere regnet'''}} licet carcer sit, tamen regnum est Aeoli; haec enim pro adfectu possidentis intellegenda sunt, ut alibi cum de rure loqueretur &quot;post aliquot mea regna uidens mirabor aristas&quot;. et bene regnum Aeoli custodiam carceris dixit. 

{{ancora+|142|[[Aeneis/Liber I#142|142.]]}} {{sc|'''dicto citivs'''}}  non antequam diceret, dixit enim 'haec ait'; sed citius, quam dici potest. {{sc|'''placat'''}} sub poetica licentia physicam quoque tangit rationem. mare enim dicitur esse Neptunus, quem superius dixit grauiter commotum, quia tempestas erat. nunc ait 'placat', quia iam sedari coeperant maria. 

{{ancora+|143|[[Aeneis/Liber I#143|143.]]}} {{sc|'''collectas'''}} aut nunc collegit et fugauit, aut ante a uentis collectas fugauit, id est resoluit. {{sc|'''collectas'''}} colligere enim nubes dicitur caelum, ut &quot;aut si nox pluuiam ne colligat ante ueremur&quot;. {{sc|'''solemqve redvcit'''}} per solem serenitas intellegenda, quia superius dixerat &quot;eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque&quot;. quis enim ignorat diem constare per solem? et consequens erat, ut fugatis nubibus sol rediret. 

{{ancora+|144|[[Aeneis/Liber I#144|144.]]}} {{sc|'''cymothoe'''}} nomina deorum plerumque de causis sunt ficta ab elementis, quae numina dici uoluere maiores, ut 'Cymothoe', id est cursus fluctuum, g-apo g-tou g-theein g-to g-kuma. {{sc|'''triton'''}} deus marinus, Neptuni et Salaciae filius, deae marinae ab aqua salsa dictae. {{sc|'''adnixvs'''}} antiquum est, ut 'conixus', quibus hodie non utimur; dicimus enim 'adnisus' et 'conisus'. sed et multa alia usus contra antiquitatem uindicauit. illi enim 'parsi' dicebant, nos dicimus 'peperci'. item nos dicimus 'suscepi', illi dicebant 'succepi', ut &quot;succepitque ignem foliis&quot;. {{sc|'''adnixvs'''}} zeugma est, 'adnixi' enim debuit dicere, ut paulo post &quot;haud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum, aut portum tenet&quot;. ergo 'adnixus' ad Tritonem tantum pertinet, quia Cymothoen iuuabat. quibusdam sane non uidetur zeugma, quia 'adnixus', non 'conixus'. ordo tamen est 'Cymothoe simul et Triton acuto detrudunt naues scopulo', ab aris scilicet in quas &quot;tris Notus in s- l- t&quot;. 

{{ancora+|145|[[Aeneis/Liber I#145|145.]]}} {{sc|'''levat'''}} leues ac nauigabiles facit, ut &quot;nostrumque leues quaecumque laborem&quot;. et scire debemus prudenter poetam pro causis uel tendere uel corripere orationem, ut hoc loco periclitantibus Troianis tota celeritate dicit esse subuentum. contra in quinto libro ubi nullum periculum est latius describit placantem maria Neptunum. item in secundo libro quoniam inminet periculum uno uersu ait &quot;quo res summa loco Panthu? quam prendimus arcem?&quot; {{sc|'''levat'''}} laxat, ut &quot;atque arta leuari uincla iubet Priamus&quot;. {{sc|'''tridenti'''}} autem pro tridente, datiuum pro ablatiuo. 

{{ancora+|146|[[Aeneis/Liber I#146|146.]]}} {{sc|'''aperit'''}} ideo quia harenarum congerie inpediente praeclusae ad nauigandum erant. ergo inmisso in eas mari aptas ad nauigandum facit. sic Sallustius &quot;sed ubi tempore anni mare classibus patefactum est&quot;. ceterum bis idem. {{sc|'''temperat'''}} tranquillum facit. 

{{ancora+|147|[[Aeneis/Liber I#147|147.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve rotis svmmas l'''}} - P- V- bene non moratur in descriptione currus, ut citius liberetur Aeneas. - -. {{sc|'''perlabitvr vndas'''}} figura est. quod enim nos modo dicimus per praepositionem nomini copulatam sequente uerbo, antiqui uerso ordine praepositionem detractam nomini iungebant uerbo, ita tamen ut esset una pars orationis, et faciebant honestam elocutionem. nos dicimus 'per undas labitur', illi dicebant 'perlabitur undas'. item 'per forum curro' et 'percurro forum'. notandum plane quod plerumque suum regit casum, plerumque ad ablatiuum transit. 

{{ancora+|148|[[Aeneis/Liber I#148|148.]]}} {{sc|'''ac velvti magno in popvlo'''}}  iste tempestati populi motum comparat, Tullius populo tempestatem: pro Milone &quot;equidem ceteras tempestates et procellas in illis dumtaxat fluctibus contionum&quot;. ita et Homerus seditioni tempestatem g-kinehtheh g-d' g-agoreh g-hohs g-kumata g-makra g-thalassehs. ideo autem 'magno' addidit, quia ubi frequens est populus, ibi et crebra seditio. et quidam 'populum' totam ciuitatem, 'uulgum' uero plebem significari putant. {{sc|'''saepe'''}} autem ut fieri solet. 

{{ancora+|149|[[Aeneis/Liber I#149|149.]]}} {{sc|'''seditio'''}} 'seditio' est ⟨dissensio ciuium⟩, sicut Cicero ait in de re publica &quot;eaque dissensio ciuium, quod seorsum eunt alii ad alios, seditio dicitur&quot;. {{sc|'''animis ignobile'''}} id est stultum, ut contra nobilem animum prudentium dicimus. ideo etiam paulo post ait 'arrectis auribus'; sumpsit enim translationem ab animalibus, quae utique stultiora sunt. {{sc|'''vvlgvs'''}} et masculini generis et neutri lectum est: generis neutri hoc loco, alibi masculini, ut in &quot;uulgum ambiguas&quot;. et hoc est artis ut masculino utamur, quia omnia Latina nomina in us exeuntia, si neutra fuerint, tertiae sunt declinationis, ut pecus pecoris: si autem secundae fuerint declinationis, masculina sunt; 'uulgi' autem facit, non 'uulgeris', ut docti, clari. usurpatum tamen est neutrum genus propter unum Graecum nomen, id est pelagus. cum enim pelagi faciat, neutri tamen est generis. 


{{ancora+|150|[[Aeneis/Liber I#150|150.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve faces et saxa volant'''}}  multi non 'uolant', sed 'uolunt' inuenisse se dicunt. sed Cornutus &quot;uerendum&quot;, ait, &quot;ne praeposterum sit faces uelle, et sic saxa, cum alibi maturius et ex ordine dictum sit 'arma uelit poscatque simul rapiatque inuentus&quot;'. {{sc|'''fvror arma ministrat'''}} sic alibi &quot;rimanti telum ira facit&quot;. sane summa uelocitate sensus explicitus. 

{{ancora+|151|[[Aeneis/Liber I#151|151.]]}} {{sc|'''gravem'''}} uenerabilem, unde et contemptibiles 'leues' dicimus. et bene seruat circa hunc rhetoricam definitionem, cui dat et iustitiam et peritiam dicendi, ut 'tum pietate grauem' et 'ille regit dictis animos'. orator enim est uir bonus, dicendi peritus. {{sc|'''pietate gravem'''}} cuius illis auctoritas ob pietatem est grauis. 

{{ancora+|152|[[Aeneis/Liber I#152|152.]]}} {{sc|'''arrectis avribvs'''}}  translatio a mutis animalibus, quibus aures mobiles sunt. an aures pro audiendi sensu posuit, secutus Terentium qui ait &quot;arrige aures Pamphile&quot;? 

{{ancora+|155|[[Aeneis/Liber I#155|155.]]}} {{sc|'''genitor'''}} uenerabilis, ut &quot;Thybri pater&quot;. ergo hoc nomen et ad uerum patrem pertinet et ad honorem refertur. sane ueteres omnes deos patres dicebant. {{sc|'''caeloqve invectvs aperto'''}} non per caelum uectus, sed caelo iam sereno uectus per maria. 

{{ancora+|156|[[Aeneis/Liber I#156|156.]]}} {{sc|'''flectit'''}} quidam 'flectit' pro regit accipiunt, ut interdum 'torquet' in eodem significatu ponit &quot;qui numine torques&quot;. {{sc|'''cvrrv'''}} non, ut quidam putant, pro 'currui' posuit, nec est apocope, sed ratio artis antiquae, quia omnis nominatiuus pluralis regit genetiuum singularem et isosyllabus esse debet, ut hae musae huius musae, hi docti huius docti. item a genetiuo singulari datiuus regitur singularis, ut isosyllabus sit, ut huius docti huic docto. inde ergo est &quot;curruque abscisa duorum suspendit capita&quot; et &quot;libra die&quot;, ne, si 'diei' fecisset, maior esset nominatiuo plurali. {{sc|'''secvndo'''}} troianis obsequenti. et tractus est sermo a sequentibus seruis, id est pedisequis secundis: unde et secundam fortunam dicimus, quod secundum nos est, id est prope nos. 

{{ancora+|157|[[Aeneis/Liber I#157|157.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneadae'''}} nunc Troiani, aliquando Romani, ut &quot;Aeneadae in ferrum pro libertate ruebant&quot;. {{sc|'''proxima litora'''}} ideo quia post periculum non eligitur litus, sed quodcumque occurrit occupatur. {{sc|'''cvrsv'''}} aut secundum quod superius diximus 'proxima cursu', id est cursui, aut 'contendunt cursu petere', et est septimus casus. ut hic 'cursu' de nauibus, ita alibi iter, ut &quot;unde iter Italiam&quot; et in quinto &quot;certus iter&quot;. stationes etiam nauium dicebant, quod est animalibus terrestribus proprium. 

{{ancora+|158|[[Aeneis/Liber I#158|158.]]}} {{sc|'''vertvntvr'''}} scilicet a proposito itinere, hoc est ab Italia. 

{{ancora+|159|[[Aeneis/Liber I#159|159.]]}} {{sc|'''est in secessv'''}}  topothesia est, id est fictus secundum poeticam licentiam locus. ne autem uideatur penitus a ueritate discedere, Hispaniensis Carthaginis portum descripsit. ceterum hunc locum in Africa nusquam esse constat, nec incongrue propter nominis similitudinem posuit. nam topographia est rei uerae descriptio. {{sc|'''secessv'''}} sinu secreto. {{sc|'''locvs'''}} subaudis 'quem', ut superius &quot;urbs antiqua fuit&quot;. et sciendum est, quia, quotiens praemittimus nomen cuiuslibet generis et interposito pronomine proprium sequitur nomen alterius generis, medium illud pronomen proprii nominis genus sequitur, ut Sallustius &quot;est in carcere locus, quod Tullianum appellatur&quot;. ecce proprio iunxit, non appellatiuo; Tullianum enim proprium est, carcer appellatiuum. si autem utraque nomina appellatiua fuerint, licenter cui uolumus respondemus. INSVLA PORTUM EFFICIT 'quem locum' subaudimus, uel 'in quo insula portum efficit'; hoc enim solummodo portus, quod illi insula anteposita est. 


{{ancora+|161|[[Aeneis/Liber I#161|161.]]}} {{sc|'''inqve sinvs scindit sese vnda redvctos'''}}  diuidit se unda in sinus reductos, id est replicabiles. {{sc|'''inqve sinvs'''}} antiqua est locutio. sic ipse alibi &quot;inque salutatam linquo&quot;. C- Memmius de triumpho Luculli Asiatico: &quot;inque luxuriosissimis Asiae oppidis consedissse&quot; et mox &quot;inque Gallograeciam redierunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|162|[[Aeneis/Liber I#162|162.]]}} {{sc|'''gemini'''}} pares, similes; interdum et duos significat. {{sc|'''minantvr'''}} eminent, ut &quot;minaeque murorum ingentes&quot;. item &quot;illa usque minatur&quot;. et ita est, ut quae eminent minari uideantur. 

{{ancora+|163|[[Aeneis/Liber I#163|163.]]}} {{sc|'''svb vertice'''}}  hoc est circa radices montis, quae ad rectam lineam suscipiunt cacumen, id est uerticem. 

{{ancora+|164|[[Aeneis/Liber I#164|164.]]}} {{sc|'''tvta'''}} a tempestate defensa, ideo et 'silent'. {{sc|'''tvm'''}} pro praeterea. TUM SILVIS SCAENA CORVSCIS 'siluis coruscis' hoc est siluarum coruscarum, id est crispantium, ut Iuuenalis &quot;longa coruscat serraco ueniente abies&quot;. et posuit septimum pro genetiuo, ut superius &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. alii 'coruscis' tremulis uel uibrantibus accipiunt. {{sc|'''scaena'''}} inumbratio. et dicta scaena g-apo g-tehs g-skias. apud antiquos enim theatralis scaena parietem non habuit, sed de frondibus umbracula quaerebant. postea tabulata conponere coeperunt in modum parietis. scaena autem pars theatri aduersa spectantibus, in qua sunt regia. 

{{ancora+|165|[[Aeneis/Liber I#165|165.]]}} {{sc|'''desvper'''}} pro supra, praepositione contra rationem adiecta. {{sc|'''horrenti'''}} horror plerumque ad odium pertinet, plerumque ad uenerationem, ut hoc loco. sic Lucanus &quot;arboribus suus horror inest&quot;. {{sc|'''atrvm nemvs'''}} tropus est; per atrum enim nigrum ostendit, per nigrum umbrosum, per umbrosum densum, id est frondibus plenum. 

{{ancora+|167|[[Aeneis/Liber I#167|167.]]}} {{sc|'''vivo'''}} naturali, ut &quot;uiuo praeteruehor ostia saxo&quot;. 

{{ancora+|168|[[Aeneis/Liber I#168|168.]]}} {{sc|'''nympharvm domvs'''}}  aut uerum dicit et est historia, aut ad laudem pertinet loci: talis, inquit, locus est, ut domus credatur esse nympharum. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro 'illic' more suo. 

{{ancora+|169|[[Aeneis/Liber I#169|169.]]}} {{sc|'''anchora morsv'''}}  hoc nomen cum in Graeco, unde originem ducit, aspirationem non habeat, in Latino aspiratur: quod est contrarium; nam magis Graecorum est aspiratio. sed hoc in paucis nominibus inuenitur. morsum autem de anchoris bene dixit, cum alio loco inueniamus &quot;tum dente tenaci anchora fundabat nauis&quot;. 


{{ancora+|170|[[Aeneis/Liber I#170|170.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc septem aeneae c'''}} - N- quidam uolunt hoc loco quaestionem nasci. si fauet Neptunus Troianis, cur cum omnibus nauibus ad Africam non peruenit Aeneas? sed Neptunus postquam sensit tempestatem commotam, potuit de periculo liberare Troianos, ante facta uero mutare non potuit. nam et Orontis nauem cum omnibus sociis eius constat perisse: et simul libri oeconomia perisset, si Aeneas cum omnibus nauibus peruenisset. uolunt autem septem naues ita interim colligi, ut una Aeneae sit, tres de saxis a Cymothoe et Tritone, tres de syrtibus, Neptuno syrtes nauigabiles faciente, liberatae sint, reliquae tantum dispersae sint, quas paulo post legimus ad Africae litus adpulsas. nouam tamen rem Naeuius bello Punico dicit, unam nauem habuisse Aeneam, quam Mercurius fecerit. 

{{ancora+|171|[[Aeneis/Liber I#171|171.]]}} {{sc|'''tellvris amore'''}}  cuiuscumque post pericula. unde et superius dixit 'quae proxima litora cursu contendunt'. et paulo post infert 'optata potiuntur Troes harena'; nam re uera haec optata non erat eis, qui ad Italiam festinant. tellurem autem pro terra posuit, cum Tellurem deam dicamus, terram elementum; ut plerumque ponimus Vulcanum pro igni, Cererem pro frumento, Liberum pro uino. 

{{ancora+|172|[[Aeneis/Liber I#172|172.]]}} {{sc|'''harena'''}} quaeritur, habeat necne nomen hoc adspirationem. et Varro sic definit &quot;si ab ariditate dicitur non habet, si ab haerendo, ut in fabricis uidemus, habet&quot;. melior tamen est superior etymologia. et 'harena' aut pro terra posita est, aut et harena grata potuit esse post mare. 

{{ancora+|173|[[Aeneis/Liber I#173|173.]]}} {{sc|'''sale tabentis'''}}  aut madefactos aspargine, aut qui apud sentinam laborauerint; nam supra ait &quot;omnes accipiunt inimicum imbrem&quot;. sane marina aqua dicitur exesse et extenuare ut cetera sic corpus humanum. {{sc|'''in litore'''}} pro in litus, ut &quot;arma sub aduersa posuit radiantia quercu&quot; pro sub aduersam quercum. 

{{ancora+|174|[[Aeneis/Liber I#174|174.]]}} {{sc|'''silici scintillam excvdit'''}}  bene adiecit speciem, quia in lapidibus certis inuenitur ignis. 'excudit' autem est feriendo eiecit, quia cudere est ferire; unde et incus dicitur, quod illic aliquid cudamus, id est feriamus. {{sc|'''achates'''}} adlusit ad nomen, nam achates lapidis species est: bene ergo ipsum dicit ignem excusisse. unde etiam Achaten eius comitem dixit. lectum est enim in naturali historia Plinii, quod si quis hunc lapidem in anulo habuerit, gratiosior est. 

{{ancora+|175|[[Aeneis/Liber I#175|175.]]}} {{sc|'''svccepit'''}} pro suscepit, ut diximus supra. 

{{ancora+|176|[[Aeneis/Liber I#176|176.]]}} {{sc|'''nvtrimenta'''}} Cicero in Oratore &quot;sed quod educata huius nutrimentis eloquentia ipsa se postea colorat&quot;. {{sc|'''rapvitqve in fomite flammam'''}} paene soloecophanes est; nam cum mutationem uerbum significet, ablatiuo usus est: sed hoc soluit aut antiqua circa communes praepositiones licentia, ut est &quot;conditus in nubem&quot;, contra &quot;et nota conduntur in aluo&quot;, item &quot;saeua sedens super arma&quot; et &quot;geminae super arbore sidunt&quot;. Cicero &quot;quod ille in capite ab hostium duce acceperat&quot;, item &quot;et si fortes fueritis in eo, quem nemo sit ausus defendere&quot;. aut 'rapuit' raptim fecit flammam in fomite, id est celeriter. et mire 'rapuit', opus est enim celeritate ad tale ministerium. sane fomites sunt assulae quae ab arboribus cadunt quando inciduntur, quod foueant ignem. Clodius Scriba commentariorum IIII. &quot;fomenta taleae excisae ex arboribus&quot;, item alio loco &quot;astulae ambustae, ligna cauata a fungis nomine excepto&quot;. 

{{ancora+|177|[[Aeneis/Liber I#177|177.]]}} {{sc|'''cererem'''}} metonymia pro frumento. {{sc|'''corrvptam vndis'''}} aqua emollitam. {{sc|'''cerealiaqve arma'''}} fugiens uilia ad generalitatem transiit propter carminis dignitatem et rem uilem auxit honestate sermonis, ut alibi, ne lucernam diceret, ait &quot;testa cum ardente uiderent scintillare oleum&quot;. et sciendum est iudice euphonia dici 'Cerealia' uel 'Cerialia', 'Typhoea' uel 'Typhoia', 'Caesareanus' uel 'Caesarianus'. in his ergo licentia deriuationis est. CEREALIAQUE ARMA 'arma' enim generaliter omnium rerum instrumenta dicuntur, ubi reponuntur armaria dicta sunt. Nigidius de hominum naturalibus IIII. &quot;omnis enim ars materia inuenta circa quam uersetur, ferramenta uasa instrumentum armamentaque primum comparat, per quae opera sua efficere possit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|178|[[Aeneis/Liber I#178|178.]]}} {{sc|'''fessi rervm'''}}  hoc est penuria fatigati, id est esurientes, quod fere laborem fames subsequitur. et fessus generale est; dicimus enim fessus animo, id est incertus consilii, ut &quot;ter fessus ualle resedit&quot;, et fessus corpore, quod magis est proprium, et fessus rerum a fortuna uenientium, ut hoc loco. epitheta numquam uacant, sed aut ad augmentum, aut ad diminutionem, aut ad discretionem poni solent. {{sc|'''frvges'''}} generaliter omnes fruges dicuntur, et errant qui discernunt frumenta a frugibus. nam Cicero ait &quot;olei et frugum minutarum&quot;, cum de leguminibus diceret, ut ostenderet etiam frumenta fruges uocari. frugum autem nomen tractum est a frumine, id est eminente gutturis parte. {{sc|'''receptas'''}} liberatas ut &quot;medioque ex hoste recepit&quot;, id est liberauit. {{sc|'''receptas'''}} de periculo uel ex insperato saluas. 

{{ancora+|179|[[Aeneis/Liber I#179|179.]]}} {{sc|'''et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo'''}}  multi hysteroproteron putant, non respicientes superiora, quia dixit undis Cererem esse corruptam, quam necesse fuerat ante siccari. qui tamen etiam contra hoc illo se tuentur exemplo &quot;nunc torrete igni fruges, nunc frangite saxo&quot; et uolunt etiam hic hysteroproteron esse. quod falsum est; nam et hodie siccari ante fruges et sic frangi uidemus. et quia apud maiores nostros molarum usus non erat, frumenta torrebant et ea in pilas missa pinsebant, et hoc erat genus molendi. unde et pinsores dicti sunt, qui nunc pistores uocantur. pinsere autem dici Persius probat, ut &quot;a tergo quem nulla ciconia pinsit&quot;. quidam ne hysteroproteron sit, alios torrere, alios frangere accipiunt. Accius Troadibus &quot;nocturna saxo fruges franges torridas&quot;. sane his uersibus 'tum Cererem corruptam undis' et 'torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo' ius pontificum latenter attingit. flamines autem farinam fermentatam contingere non licebat. cum autem dicit 'Cererem corruptam undis' et 'torrere p- f- et f- s-', quid aliud ostendit, quam mox eos sine fermento panem coxisse, qui omnes fruges corruptas protulerunt? non autem exspectasse eos fermentum, docet illo uersu 'tum uictu reuocant uires'. 


{{ancora+|180|[[Aeneis/Liber I#180|180.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneas'''}} merita personarum uilibus officiis interesse non debent: quod bene seruat ubique Vergilius, ut hoc loco, item in sexto cum diuersis officiis Troianos diceret occupatos, ait &quot;at pius Aeneas arces quibus altus Apollo praesidet&quot;: nisi cum causa pietatis interuenit, ut ad sepeliendum socium Misenum de Aenea dixit &quot;paribusque accingitur armis&quot;. {{sc|'''scopvlvm'''}} id est speculam. et quando speculationem significamus, generis est feminini, ut &quot;specula Misenus ab alta&quot;. speculum autem, in quo nos intuemur, generis est neutri, ut Iuuenalis &quot;speculum ciuilis sarcina belli&quot;. 

{{ancora+|181|[[Aeneis/Liber I#181|181.]]}} {{sc|'''late petit'''}}  in quantum potest. {{sc|'''pelago'''}} in pelagus, ut &quot;inferretque deos Latio&quot;. {{sc|'''anthea si qvem'''}} aut ordo est 'ascendit scopulum requisiturus Anthea Capyn Caicum, si quem uideat'. et usus est hoc genere elocutionis, quo et Terentius, qui dixit &quot;quod plerique omnes faciunt adulescentuli&quot;. atqui nihil tam contrarium; omnes enim generale est, plerique speciale: ordo ergo est, quod omnes faciunt adulescentuli, ut animum ad aliquod studium adiungant, plerique equos alere, plerique canes. aut certe 'quem' uacat, ut superius diximus istas frequenter uacare particulas, ut ipse Vergilius &quot;Rhebe diu, res si qua diu mortalibus ulla est&quot;. nemo enim dicit 'si qua ulla', sed 'si ulla': uacat ergo 'qua'. item in Lucilio &quot;et quem Pamphilum quaeris&quot; 'quem' uacat, nam de uno loquebatur. ergo 'si quem uideat' pro 'si uideat' posuit, cui contrarium ponebant ueteres 'nullum', id est 'si quem uidisti' 'nullum uidi' pro 'non uidi'. sane legitur et 'si qua', ut sit 'si qua ratione'. 

{{ancora+|182|[[Aeneis/Liber I#182|182.]]}} {{sc|'''phrygias'''}} Troianas, Troia enim in Phrygia prouincia est. et ueri simile est, Aeneam de omni ipsa prouincia socios habere potuisse. in secundo enim ait &quot;undique conuenere animis opibusque parati&quot;. dicta autem Phrygia ab Aesopi filia Phrygia. {{sc|'''biremis'''}} naues habentes remorum ordinem geminum, ut alibi &quot;triplici pubes quam Dardana uersu inpellunt&quot;. quidam tamen 'biremes' ad suum tempus uolunt dixisse Vergilium, negantes Troicis temporibus biremes fuisse. Varro enim ait post aliquot annos inuentas biremes. 

{{ancora+|183|[[Aeneis/Liber I#183|183.]]}} {{sc|'''in pvppibvs arma caici'''}}  quia nauigantum militum est puppibus arma religare, ut alibi &quot;pacem orare manu, praefigere puppibus arma&quot;. fiebat hoc autem et signi gratia. aut 'arma' pro naualibus armamentis, ut &quot;colligere arma iubet&quot;, quia solent naues a uelificatione facile cognosci. 

{{ancora+|184|[[Aeneis/Liber I#184|184.]]}} {{sc|'''cervos'''}} cerui dicti sunt g-apo g-ton g-keraton, id est a cornibus. sciendum autem est etiam Latina nomina Graecam plerumque etymologiam recipere. sed cerui non sunt in prouincia proconsulari, ad quam uenit Aeneas. aut fictum ergo est secundum poeticum morem, aut ob hoc dictum, quia heroicis temporibus ubique omnia nascebantur per se, ut ipse &quot;omnis feret omnia tellus&quot;. aut possunt tunc fuisse, sed ut multis aliis locis uariae mutationes factae: licet quidam ceruos pro quacumque fera dictos accipiant, quia post ait 'inplentur ueteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae'. nam male quidam eos de uicinis insulis transfretasse tradunt, et ideo 'errantes', quod in ignotis locis essent. 

{{ancora+|185|[[Aeneis/Liber I#185|185.]]}} {{sc|'''errantes'''}} pascentes, ut alibi &quot;mille meae Siculis errant in montibus agnae&quot;; re uera enim dum pascuntur, uagantur. et in septimo de ceruo &quot;errabat siluis&quot;. {{sc|'''tota'''}} inter 'totum' et 'omne' hoc interest, quod 'totum' dicimus unius corporis plenitudinem, 'omne' de uniuersis dicimus, ut puta 'totum auditorium habet scolasticos', hoc est plenum est auditorium scolasticis; 'omne auditorium habet scolasticos', id est omnia auditoria. usurpant tamen poetae et ista confundunt, ut hoc loco 'tota' pro omnibus posuit, et contra pro tota 'omnem' posuit, ut est &quot;omnemque reuerti per Troiam&quot;. Statius &quot;et totos in poenam ordire nepotes&quot;, id est omnes. plerique deriuationem dicunt ab eo quod est 'tot' 'totus', ut ab eo quod est 'quot' 'quotus'. sed illud notandum, quia in deriuatione mutat plerumque naturam; nam cum 'tot' naturaliter breuis sit, 'totus' producitur, 'quotus' uero secundum originem suam breuis remanet. {{sc|'''armenta'''}} uidetur noue de ceruis dixisse, cum armenta proprie boum sint uel equorum uel ceterorum quibus in armis utimur. 

{{ancora+|186|[[Aeneis/Liber I#186|186.]]}} {{sc|'''agmen'''}} agmen proprie dicitur ordinata multitudo, ut est ambulantis exercitus; neque enim in uno loco stans agmen uocatur, aut si inuentum fuerit usurpatum est: unde bene adiecit 'longum', ut incedentum ostenderet significationem. 

{{ancora+|187|[[Aeneis/Liber I#187|187.]]}} {{sc|'''constitit'''}} 'con' secundum naturam breuis est semper, excepto quum s littera uel f sequitur; tunc enim tantum producitur, sicut 'in' syllaba, ut insula, infula. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro tunc, aut pro ibi. {{sc|'''celeres'''}} potest et pro celeriter accipi. 

{{ancora+|188|[[Aeneis/Liber I#188|188.]]}} {{sc|'''corripvit'''}} aut de pharetra corripuit, ut est &quot;corripit hic subita trepidus formidine ferrum&quot;, aut ab Achate, ut eum secutum esse per silentium intellegamus, ut illo loco &quot;ni iam praemissus Achates adforet&quot;, item &quot;nunc repeto, Anchises fatorum arcana reliquit&quot;. aut 'corripuit', ut ceruorum celeritatem praeciperet. {{sc|'''gerebat'''}} aut tunc, aut quae gerere consueuerat. 

{{ancora+|190|[[Aeneis/Liber I#190|190.]]}} {{sc|'''cornibvs arboreis'''}}  aut subaudi 'cum', ut illo loco &quot;atque Ixionii uento rota constitit orbis&quot;, id est cum uento; aut certe secundum supra dictam figuram 'cornibus arboreis' pro cornuum arboreorum. melius tamen est ut 'cum' subaudias. {{sc|'''tvm vvlgvs'''}} bene 'uulgus' ductoribus interemptis. Ennius &quot;auium uulgus&quot; et alibi &quot;hastarum&quot;, id est multitudinem hastarum et auium. 


{{ancora+|191|[[Aeneis/Liber I#191|191.]]}} {{sc|'''miscet'''}} perturbat, circumagit, insequitur. {{sc|'''frondea'''}} pro frondosa posuit. plerumque enim dum uarietati declinationis student poetae mutant proprietatem; nam frondeum est totum de frondibus, ut torus, frondosus uero est lucus; licet enim abundet frondibus, non tamen est de frondibus totus: ut saxeus et saxosus. {{sc|'''tvrbam'''}} multitudinem. Cicero in Verrinis &quot;uidet in turba Verrem&quot;, Plautus in Amphitrione &quot;deinde utrique imperatores in medium exeunt extra turbam ordinum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|192|[[Aeneis/Liber I#192|192.]]}} {{sc|'''qvam septem'''}}  bene definit numerum; necessitatis enim est haec uenatio, non uoluptatis, in qua plura requiruntur. nec enim conueniebat, sociis diuersis modis laborantibus, uoluptati operam dare. {{sc|'''victor'''}} hoc loco propositi effector, ut est &quot;atque rotis insistere uictor&quot;. 

{{ancora+|193|[[Aeneis/Liber I#193|193.]]}} {{sc|'''fvndat hvmi'''}}  per humum. et est aduerbialiter positum, ut &quot;humi nitens&quot;, id est per humum. {{sc|'''cvm navibvs'''}} cacenphaton in sermone, quod fit si 'cum' particulam n littera sequatur. notandum sane est, quod non omnia persequitur, neque enim indicat, quo delati sunt cerui. 

{{ancora+|194|[[Aeneis/Liber I#194|194.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc'''}} pro inde uel post, abutitur enim aduerbiis more suo. {{sc|'''partitvr'''}} sallustius ait &quot;prouincias inter se partiuerant&quot;, nam et partio et partior dicimus: et est uerbum de his, quae cum utramque recipiant declinationem pro nostra uoluntate, actiuae tamen sunt significationis, ut punio punior, fabrico fabricor, lauo lauor. quamquam temptauerit Probus facere differentiam inter actiuam passiuamque significationem, ut dicamus tondeo alterum tondeor ab altero; sed hoc in aliis uerbis dicere non possumus, ut fabrico fabricor, pasco pascor; nam legimus &quot;florem depasta salicti&quot; et &quot;pascuntur uero dumos&quot;. sunt autem alia uerba, quae actiuae significationis declinationisque sunt, ut caedo, sunt quae passiuae, ut caedor. inuenimus tamen, actiuam declinationem significationem habere passiuam, ut uapulo, et contra declinationem passiuam actiuam habere significationem, ut loquor. haec ergo caute ab illis segreganda sunt uerbis. 

{{ancora+|195|[[Aeneis/Liber I#195|195.]]}} {{sc|'''vina bonvs qvae deinde cadis onerarat acestes'''}}  ordo est 'deinde uina partitur, quae Acestes dedit'. 'bonus' autem hic largus uel liberalis. sane etiam Aeneam bonum pro laude appellat, ut in quinto &quot;quos bonus Aeneas dictis solatur amicis&quot;. bonum etiam pro forti dicit Sallustius &quot;sane bonus ea tempestate contra pericula et ambitionem&quot;. item in Catilina &quot;sed libertatem, quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittit&quot;. de Acestis autem origine fabula in quinto libro est. {{sc|'''deinde'''}} una syllaba metri causa excluditur. 

{{ancora+|196|[[Aeneis/Liber I#196|196.]]}} {{sc|'''trinacrio'''}} Graecum est propter g-tria g-akra, id est promunturia, Lilybaeum, Pachynum, Pelorum. Latine autem Triquetra dicitur. sane Philostephanus peri ton neson sine r littera Trinaciam appellat &quot;g-hoti g-Trinakos g-autehs g-prohtos g-ebasileusen&quot;. {{sc|'''heros'''}} uir fortis, semideus, plus ab homine habens, ut ait Hesiodus. 

{{ancora+|197|[[Aeneis/Liber I#197|197.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis maerentia'''}}  bene ante epulas et hortatur socios et solatur. 

{{ancora+|198|[[Aeneis/Liber I#198|198.]]}} {{sc|'''o socii'''}}  ordo est 'o socii, reuocate animos'. bene autem socios dixit, ut se eis exaequaret. quidam socios proprie remiges accipiunt, sed illi socii nauales appellantur. {{sc|'''ignari'''}} pro inmemores. et est acyrologia; ignarus enim est qui ignorat, inmemor qui oblitus est. {{sc|'''ante malorvm'''}} g-huphen est, id est antiquorum malorum, ut alibi &quot;caeli subterlabentia signa&quot;. et totus hic locus de Naeuio belli Punici libro translatus est. 

{{ancora+|199|[[Aeneis/Liber I#199|199.]]}} {{sc|'''o passi graviora'''}}  arte magna utitur. uult enim eos meminisse grauissimorum, ut praesentia facilius tolerent. et bene grauiora dicit esse transacta, ut de praesenti eos naufragio consoletur, et ut ostendat futura esse leuiora. {{sc|'''his qvoqve'''}} scilicet sicut et grauioribus. 


{{ancora+|200|[[Aeneis/Liber I#200|200.]]}} {{sc|'''vos'''}} uos certe estis. {{sc|'''scyllaeam rabiem'''}} exempla pro negotiorum qualitate sumere debemus, ut hoc loco in marinis periculis ponit peractae tempestatis exempla. 'rabiem' autem secundum antiquos dictum non nulli adserunt; nam rabiam dici adfirmant. {{sc|'''penitvsqve sonantes'''}} id est ualde, et aut 'ualde sonantes' accessistis, aut 'ualde accessistis', id est iuxta. et bene ait 'accessistis'; non enim passi sunt haec pericula, sed his fuere uicini. 'accestis' autem pro accessistis dictum per syncopen, quae fit, cum de media parte uerbi syllaba subducitur. 

{{ancora+|201|[[Aeneis/Liber I#201|201.]]}} {{sc|'''cyclopea saxa'''}}  aut quae Cyclops in Ulixen iecit, aut certe Siciliam dicit, quae plurimis locis saxosa promunturia habet, in qua Cyclopes habitauerunt, ut ipse &quot;centum alii curua haec habitant ad litora uulgo&quot;. possumus tamen et Aetnam accipere, quae propria Cyclopum fuit: nam et ipse in tertio ait &quot;nocte illa tecti siluis inmania monstra perferimus&quot;. quidam tamen haec saxa inter Catinam et Tauromenium in modum metarum situ naturali dicunt esse, quae Cyclopea appellantur, quorum medium et eminentissimum Galate dicitur. 

{{ancora+|202|[[Aeneis/Liber I#202|202.]]}} {{sc|'''revocate animos'''}}  quos remisistis resumite, hoc est animo praesenti estote. {{sc|'''maestvmqve timorem'''}} quod maestos et sollicitos faciat, ut 'mors pallida' et 'tristis senectus'. 

{{ancora+|203|[[Aeneis/Liber I#203|203.]]}} {{sc|'''mittite'''}} pro omittite. et est tropus aphaeresis, quomodo temnere pro contemnere. {{sc|'''forsan'''}} forsan fortassis forsitan forte fors, ut &quot;fors et uota facit&quot; et &quot;forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras&quot;. sed omnia haec unum significant, sed uarie pro metri ratione ponuntur. dicitur tamen et 'fortasse', ut Terentius &quot;tu fortasse, quae hic facta sunt, nescis&quot;. {{sc|'''olim'''}} modo temporis futuri est. {{sc|'''meminisse'''}} memini et genetiuum regit et accusatiuum; dicimus enim et memini malorum et memini mala: et iusta ratione; nam memoriae obliuio contraria est. et obliuiscor similiter et genetiuum regit et accusatiuum, ut &quot;obliuiscere caedis atque incendiorum&quot; et &quot;obliuiscor iniurias tuas Clodia&quot;. {sic Tullius Cicero.} {{sc|'''ivvabit'''}} futuri temporis est. huius autem uerbi praeteritum perfectum anomalum est. nam cum primae coniugationis uerba tempore perfecto aut in aui exeant, ut amaui, aut in ui solutam, ut tonui, hoc uerbum neque iuuaui facit neque iuuui, sed iuui, ut Lucanus &quot;iuuit sumpta ducem, iuuit dimissa potestas&quot;. {{sc|'''ivvabit'''}} sicut nunc priorum meminisse iuuat. et multi 'iuuabit' non delectabit, sed usus erit tradunt. 

{{ancora+|204|[[Aeneis/Liber I#204|204.]]}} {{sc|'''per varios casvs'''}}  argumentum a conpensatione. et bene dicendo 'casus' et 'discrimina' praeterita attenuat; neque enim ait 'pericula'. 'rerum' autem potest et saluo sensu omitti. {{sc|'''sedes qvietas'''}} non uacat quod adiecit 'quietas'. habuit enim sedes et in Thracia, sed portentosas, et in Creta, sed pestilentes, et ideo non quietas. 'fata' autem quidam hic deorum responsa accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|206|[[Aeneis/Liber I#206|206.]]}} {{sc|'''illic fas regna resvergere troiae'''}}  figura etiam ante dicta, qua per contrarium aliquid intellegimus. dicendo enim 'illic fas' ostendit alibi nefas, ut occurreret cogitationi sociorum, ne fatigati tot malis quascumque requirerent sedes, quod etiam in quinto factum est nauibus incensis. bene autem 'regna Troiae' dixit, non Troiam, quam amiserant. 

{{ancora+|207|[[Aeneis/Liber I#207|207.]]}} {{sc|'''dvrate'''}} duri estote ad sustinendos labores. sic Horatius &quot;uix durare possunt imperiosius aequor&quot;. VOSMET 'met' g-parelkon est. sciendum autem est, has particulas 'met' 'piam' 'te', ut egomet quispiam tute et similia ornatus causa poni. sunt autem aduerbia. quicquid enim ab illis septem recesserit partibus aduerbium sit necesse est. item quemadmodum probamus aduerbia esse, quia dicimus 'docte facio', 'docte feci', 'docte fecisti', et mutato uerbo remanet aduerbium: ergo si sic et in istis particulis inuenimus, ut egomet uosmet, ut mutatis casibus uel personis eadem permaneant, aduerbia sine dubio sunt, nulla enim hoc alia pars orationis admittit. notandum sane quod hae particulae plerumque suam naturam habent, non syllabarum. nam cum 'te' et 'met' longae sint, 'tutemet' dactylus inuenitur, nec possumus harum partium naturam discutere, quia sub regulis non sunt. 

{{ancora+|208|[[Aeneis/Liber I#208|208.]]}} {{sc|'''voce refert'''}}  pleonasmos est, qui fit quotiens adduntur superflua, ut alibi &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;. Terentius &quot;his oculis egomet uidi&quot;. {{sc|'''cvris'''}} cura dicta ab eo quod cor urat. denique paulo post ait 'premit altum corde dolorem'. AEGER 'aeger' est et tristis et male ualens, aegrotus autem siue aegrotans tantummodo male ualens. 

{{ancora+|209|[[Aeneis/Liber I#209|209.]]}} {{sc|'''spem'''}} laetitiam, ut &quot;spem fronte serenat&quot;: et est crebra apud Vergilium figura, quae fit quotiens significatur ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, nam spem laetitia sequitur: spes uero in uultu non uidetur, sed laetitia. haec autem figura et uersa uice fit, ut intellegamus ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit, ut &quot;meritaeque expectent praemia palmae&quot; palmam pro uirtute posuit, quae praemium meretur et palmam. 


{{ancora+|210|[[Aeneis/Liber I#210|210.]]}} {{sc|'''praedae'''}} ad praedam, ut &quot;inferretque deos Latio&quot;. {{sc|'''accingvnt'''}} studiose parant, ut alibi &quot;accingunt operi&quot;; accinctos enim industrios dicimus, ut Horatius &quot;altius ac nos praecinctis unum&quot;, sicut econtra neclegentes discinctos uocamus, ut &quot;discinctos Mulciber Afros&quot;. {{sc|'''dapibvsqve fvtvris'''}} ambitiose dixit quod sunt cerui dapes futurae. 

{{ancora+|211|[[Aeneis/Liber I#211|211.]]}} {{sc|'''tergora'''}} tergus tergoris, unde et 'tergora', corium significat, tergum uero tergi, ut templum templi, dorsum significat, ut Sallustius &quot;scilicet quia tergis abstinetur&quot;. sed haec a ueteribus confundebantur, ut alibi &quot;taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo&quot;. item in nono &quot;ingerit hastas in tergus&quot;. quidam mox detracta coria pelles dici, subacta autem et iam medicata coria appellanda tradunt. VISCERA NUDANT 'uiscera' non tantum intestina dicimus, sed quicquid sub corio est, ut &quot;in Albano Latinis uisceratio dabatur&quot;, id est caro. est autem nominatiuus hoc uiscus huius uisceris, ut Lucretius &quot;uiscus gigni sanguenque creari&quot;. sanguen autem ideo dixit, quia sanguinis facit, ut carmen carminis; si enim sanguis diceret, par esset genetiuus, ut anguis, pinguis. 

{{ancora+|212|[[Aeneis/Liber I#212|212.]]}} {{sc|'''pars et frvsta secant'''}}  figurate, ut &quot;pars grandia trudunt&quot;. {{sc|'''veribvs'''}} ecce nomen de his quae in numero singulari indeclinabilia sunt, ut ueru cornu genu. {{sc|'''trementia'''}} palpitantia adhuc. 

{{ancora+|213|[[Aeneis/Liber I#213|213.]]}} {{sc|'''litore'''}} pro in litore. {{sc|'''aena locant'''}} quibus utebantur non ad elixandas carnes, sed ad se lauandos. heroicis enim temporibus carne non uescebantur elixa. huic autem nomini maiores adspirationem dabant; nam ahena dicebant. sane aena absolute, sicut Graeci g-chalkea, ut &quot;costis undantis aeni&quot; et &quot;aena undantia flammis&quot;. quidam autem aenum speciem uasis non utique aenei tradunt, ut Neuius &quot;aeneus, plumbeus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|214|[[Aeneis/Liber I#214|214.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm'''}} id est uel postquam se lauerunt, uel postquam sibi cibum parauerunt. {{sc|'''victv'''}} cibo, unde et conuictores dicimus, ut Horatius &quot;nunc quia sim tibi Maecenas conuictor&quot;; nam conuiuae a conuiuio dicuntur. {{sc|'''revocant vires'''}} bene cibo dixit uires reductas, quia supra dixerat 'fessi rerum', hoc est fame et labore fatigati. {{sc|'''fvsi'''}} polysemus sermo est. significat enim et discumbentes, ut hoc loco, et fugatos et occisos. sane iuxta temporis sui morem hoc loco discumbentes inducit, nam olim sedentes uesci consueuerant, ut ipse meminit &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|215|[[Aeneis/Liber I#215|215.]]}} {{sc|'''inplentvr'''}} inpleor duos casus regit; dicimus enim et inpleor illius rei, ut Cicero &quot;squaloris plenus ac pulueris&quot; et inpleor illa re, ut Iuuenalis &quot;lectica Mathonis plena ipso&quot;. {{sc|'''ferinae'''}} feras dicimus aut quod omni corpore feruntur, aut quod naturali utuntur libertate et pro desiderio suo feruntur. sane ueteres prope omnes quadrupedes feras dicebant, ut &quot;inque feri curuam conpagibus aluum contorsit&quot; et &quot;armentalis equae mammis et lacte ferino&quot;. 

{{ancora+|216|[[Aeneis/Liber I#216|216.]]}} {{sc|'''postqvam exempta fames'''}}  caute in maestitia cibis famem exemptam dicit, id est fugatam, non affluentiam quaesitam. Homerus &quot;g-autar g-epei g-posios g-kai g-edehtuos g-ex g-eron g-hento&quot;. {{sc|'''mensaeqve remotae'''}} quia apud maiores ipsas apponebant mensas pro discis: unde est &quot;et mensae grata secundae&quot;. duas enim habebant mensas: unam carnis, alteram pomorum. sane aliquando inducit luxuriosas epulas &quot;postquam prima quies epulis mensaeque remotae&quot;. {{sc|'''amissos'''}} non re uera, sed ut illo tempore putabant. 

{{ancora+|218|[[Aeneis/Liber I#218|218.]]}} {{sc|'''spemqve metvmqve inter dvbii'''}}  spes bonorum, metus malorum; et ideo subiunxit 'seu uiuere credant, siue extrema pati'. et hoc loco 'seu' pro utrumne. et quidam commodius distingui putant 'spemque metumque inter' et sic subiungunt 'dubii seu uiuere credant siue extrema pati'. 

{{ancora+|219|[[Aeneis/Liber I#219|219.]]}} {{sc|'''exavdire vocatos'''}}  aut subaudimus 'deos' et quasi conquestio est, quod non flectantur precibus, aut certe hoc dicit, non solum perisse eos, sed nec sepulturam habere, ad quam uocentur. nouimus enim quod mortuorum umbrae ad sepulcra uocabantur, ut est &quot;manesque uocabat Hectoreum ad tumulum&quot;. et est figura ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, quia post facta sepulcra manes uocantur, ut in tertio &quot;animamque sepulcro condimus et magna supremum uoce ciemus&quot;; post nomen enim defuncti uocatum tertio dicebatur uale uale uale. aut ideo non exaudire quia iam illi mortui sint, aut a praetereuntibus uocatos non exaudire, aut certe in ea parte sitos, ut nec uocati exaudiant, quia fuit et alius mos, ut eos qui in aliena terra perissent uocarent, ut est &quot;et magna manes ter uoce uocaui&quot;. 


{{ancora+|220|[[Aeneis/Liber I#220|220.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipve'''}} praeter omnes, quasi pius. {{sc|'''acris'''}} fortis, alias uelocis. quidam acrem in unamquamque rem uegetum ac nimium tradunt. {{sc|'''oronti'''}} pro Orontis, ut &quot;inmitis Achilli&quot;. uitauit homoio- teleuton. 

{{ancora+|221|[[Aeneis/Liber I#221|221.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc amyci'''}}  in quinto Gyae meminit; nam Amycus et Lycus cum Oronte uidentur perisse. {{sc|'''secvm'''}} propter socios, ut supra 'spem uultu simulat'. 

{{ancora+|222|[[Aeneis/Liber I#222|222.]]}} {{sc|'''fortemqve gyan'''}}  ut merito requirantur et desiderentur. 

{{ancora+|223|[[Aeneis/Liber I#223|223.]]}} {{sc|'''finis'''}} uel fabularum uel diei. sequitur namque paulo post 'Aeneas per noctem plurima uoluens'. et sciendum est Vergilium non semper dicere ortum uel occasum diei, sed aut intellectui relinquere, ut hoc loco, aut negotiis tempora significare. est autem poetica callopistia non omnia exprimere: unde ait Horatius in arte poetica &quot;nec uerbum uerbo curabis reddere fidus interpres&quot;; quamuis plerique de translatione Graecitatis hoc adserant dictum. Homerus sane ista contemnens tempora uniuersa describit. {{sc|'''et iam finis erat'''}} uel epularum uel famis uel malorum, ex quo Iuppiter in caelo ita constitit, ut Libyam respiceret. {{sc|'''cvm ivppiter aethere svmmo despiciens'''}} oeconomiam istam secundum mathesin uidetur ordinasse Vergilius; nam Ioue in altitudine sua posito cum Venere significatur quod per mulierem aliqua felicitas possit euenire. ergo quoniam Aeneas in partem regni admittetur a Didone per occasionem coniugii, idcirco haec poeta praemisit. sane et illud animaduertendum quod peritissime dixit tristiorem Venerem fuisse cum Ioue, ex quo significat exitum uxoris infelicem futurum; nam se utique Dido interemit. quod autem Mercurium facit a Ioue defluentem ad occasum descendere, id est ad ima terrarum, ostendit amicitias quidem fore, sed minime diuturno tempore permanere. illud etiam mathematici dicunt, Venere in Virgine posita misericordem feminam nasci: atque ideo Vergilius fingit in habitu uirginis uenatricis Venerem occurrisse filio, quod et misericordem postea reginam probauit Aeneas et in uenatione cum ea permixtus est. {{sc|'''aethere svmmo'''}} qui summus est; et proprium et perpetuum aetheri epitheton dedit, quia omnibus superior est: non ergo quasi elegerit Iuppiter locum qui superior est. 

{{ancora+|224|[[Aeneis/Liber I#224|224.]]}} {{sc|'''despiciens'''}} deorsum aspiciens, sicut 'suspiciens' sursum aspiciens. notandum sane, quia si dispiciens dixerimus, diligenter inquirens significamus, sicut deduco et diduco; nam deduco est prosequor, diduco uero diuido. {{sc|'''velivolvm'''}} duas res significat, et quod uelis uolatur, ut hoc loco, et quod uelis uolat, ut Ennius &quot;naues ueliuolas&quot;, qui et proprie dixit. et est ista reciproca translatio nauium et auium. legimus enim &quot;et uelorum pandimus alas&quot; et contra de apibus &quot;nare per aestatem liquidam&quot;, cum natatus nauium sit, alae uero auium. et sciendum est esse reciprocas translationes, esse et partis unius. {{sc|'''iacentes'''}} aut in longum expositas, aut proprium epitheton est terrarum; nam cum cetera elementa mobilia sint, sola terra stabilis est, unde et bruta dicitur. alibi &quot;tantum campi iacet&quot;. 

{{ancora+|225|[[Aeneis/Liber I#225|225.]]}} {{sc|'''latos popvlos'''}}  cum populos numero plurali dicimus urbes significamus, cum uero populum, unius multitudinem ciuitatis intellegimus. {{sc|'''sic'''}} id est sic, ut ista conspiceret. 

{{ancora+|226|[[Aeneis/Liber I#226|226.]]}} {{sc|'''et libyae defixit lvmina regnis'''}}  prooeconomia, id est dispositio carminis. uituperabile enim fuerat, si ex abrupto transitum faceret, quod in nono fecit: quae res tamen excusatur uno sermone &quot;atque ea diuersa penitus dum parte geruntur&quot;, id est eodem tempore, quod solum est interpositum. nunc uero bene transiit, quia inducit Iouem et de rebus humanis cogitantem et Africam respicientem, ad quam uenere Troiani. unde honestus color est, ut Venus adeat Iouem, timens ne Romana fata Carthagini concedat; felix enim euentus sequitur loca quae respexerit Iuppiter: unde in secundo ait &quot;aspice nos hoc tantum&quot; et alibi &quot;atque oculos Rutulorum reicit aruis&quot;, ubi erat futura uictoria. 

{{ancora+|227|[[Aeneis/Liber I#227|227.]]}} {{sc|'''tales'''}} de rebus humanis. {{sc|'''iactantem pectore cvras'''}} nunc secundum Stoicos loquitur, qui deos dicunt humana curare, interdum secundum Epicureos, poetica utens licentia. 

{{ancora+|228|[[Aeneis/Liber I#228|228.]]}} {{sc|'''tristior'''}} conparatiuum posuit pro positiuo. quando enim tristis est Venus, ut nunc 'tristior' diceretur? sic Sallustius &quot;utque ipsum mare Ponticum dulcius quam cetera&quot;. an modo tristior, cum et ante propter Aeneam soleret tristis esse? an tristior pro laetitia Veneris? {{sc|'''ocvlos svffvsa nitentes'''}} nitidos oculos lacrimis perfusos habens. et est figura, quae fit quotiens participio praeteriti temporis a passiuo iungimus casum accusatiuum, ut 'deiectus animum', 'maesta uultum'. dicendo autem 'nitentes' expressit nimiam etiam in lacrimis pulchritudinem, sicut de Euryalo &quot;lacrimaeque decorae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|229|[[Aeneis/Liber I#229|229.]]}} {{sc|'''o qvi res hominvmqve devmqve'''}}  grauiter coepit; non enim ait 'o genitor'. et est tota orationis intentio, iniuste uexari a Iunone Troianos. 


{{ancora+|230|[[Aeneis/Liber I#230|230.]]}} {{sc|'''aeternis regis imperiis et fvlmine terres'''}}  haec commemoratio potentiae Iouis quasi ad inuidiam posita est, hoc est, qui omne potes contra te flecteris. {{sc|'''aeternis regis imperiis et fvlmine terres'''}} uolunt quidam superfluo 'regis' ad deos referri, 'terres' ad homines, nescientes quia maioris potestatis est idem posse circa deos, quod circa homines. 'et fulmine terres' non sine causa adiecit 'terres'. est enim fulmen quod terreat; est quod adflet, ut &quot;fulminis adflauit uentis&quot;; est quod puniat, ut &quot;uel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras&quot;: peremptorii autem fulminis late patet significatio: est quod praesaget, ut &quot;de caelo tactas memini praedicere quercus&quot;. poetarum autem consuetudo est prope semper cum Iouem nominauerint et fulmen adiungere, ut &quot;audiat haec genitor qui foedera fulmine sancit&quot; et ante &quot;genitor cum fulmina torques&quot;. 

{{ancora+|231|[[Aeneis/Liber I#231|231.]]}} {{sc|'''mevs'''}} subaudis filius, ut Aiacis Oili, ut ante diximus. {{sc|'''mevs'''}} id est quasi per me tibi coniunctus. {{sc|'''in te'''}} modo 'contra te', alibi 'pro' significat, ut &quot;quietum accipit in Teucros animum&quot;, id est pro Teucris. 

{{ancora+|232|[[Aeneis/Liber I#232|232.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid troes potvere'''}} ? hoc est, qui Grais pares non fuerunt, in te aliquid possunt? et est argumentum ab inpossibili, ut alibi &quot;non ea uis animo&quot;. et est ualidius, quam a uoluntate; plus enim est non posse, quam nolle. {{sc|'''troes'''}} erit nominatiuus Tros. et haec breuiter scienda regula est, quia omnia nomina monosyllaba Graeca, quae in Latinum sermonem transeunt, tertiae sunt tantum declinationis et tam Latine quam Graece declinari possunt, ut Tros Trois et Troos, Pan Panis et Panos, ut &quot;Arcadici dictum Panos de more Lycaei&quot;. 

{{ancora+|233|[[Aeneis/Liber I#233|233.]]}} {{sc|'''ob italiam'''}}  ne ad Italiam perueniant, toto orbe pelluntur. atqui in Africa sunt. sed si diligenter requiras, etiam inde pelluntur; ait namque &quot;hospitio prohibemur harenae&quot;. {{sc|'''ob italiam'''}} multi 'iuxta Italiam' antiquo more dictum accipiunt, ut sit, pars orbis clauditur quae circa Italiam est; 'ob' enim ueteres pro 'iuxta' ponebant. Plautus in milite &quot;nunc scio mihi ob oculos caliginem obstitisse&quot;. potest tamen 'ob' et 'ante' intellegi, aut 'ob' 'propter', Terentius &quot;quodnam ob factum&quot;; aut 'ob' 'circum', ut &quot;Turni se pestis ob ora&quot;, quasi circa Italiam errent et in eam peruenire non possint. significat 'ob' et 'contra', ut obstat et obloquitur. 

{{ancora+|234|[[Aeneis/Liber I#234|234.]]}} {{sc|'''certe hinc romanos'''}}  atqui nusquam hoc legimus, sed per silentium intellegimus, ut superius de Iunone &quot;audierat&quot;. {{sc|'''olim'''}} aut 'olim fore' et futuri temporis est, aut 'olim pollicitus'. {{sc|'''volventibvs'''}} uolubilibus, et est participium pro nomine. uoluens enim est qui uoluit, uolubilis qui uoluitur. anni autem uoluuntur, non uoluunt, ut est &quot;atque in se sua per uestigia uoluitur annus&quot;. alii quia deficit lingua Latina participio praesenti passiuo praesens actiuum positum uolunt, ut &quot;uoluentia plaustra&quot; et &quot;siliqua quassante&quot; quae quassetur. 

{{ancora+|235|[[Aeneis/Liber I#235|235.]]}} {{sc|'''fore'''}} futuros esse. et est de uerbis defectiuis. {{sc|'''revocato'''}} dicendo 'reuocato' ostendit Italiam, unde Dardanus fuerat. {{sc|'''a sangvine tevcri'''}} teucrum pro Dardano posuit: Dardanus enim de Italia profectus est, Teucer de Creta: quia solent poetae nomina de uicinis prouinciis uel personis usurpare, ut &quot;domitus Pollucis habenis Cyllarus&quot;, cum Castor equorum domitor fuerit; item et &quot;manibus Procne pectus signata cruentum&quot; pro Philomela; item Didonem Sidoniam dicit, cum sit Tyria, a loci uicinitate; item &quot;quid loquar aut Scyllam Nisi?&quot; cum Phorci fuerit. et sciendum est, inter fabulam et argumentum, hoc est historiam, hoc interesse, quod fabula est dicta res contra naturam, siue facta siue non facta, ut de Pasiphae, historia est quicquid secundum naturam dicitur, siue factum siue non factum, ut de Phaedra. 

{{ancora+|236|[[Aeneis/Liber I#236|236.]]}} {{sc|'''omni dicione'''}}  melius 'omni' quam 'omnis', ut significet 'omni potestate', id est pace, legibus, bello. 

{{ancora+|237|[[Aeneis/Liber I#237|237.]]}} {{sc|'''pollicitvs'''}} pollicemur sponte, rogati promittimus. QUAE TE GENITOR SENTENTIA VERTIT? 'quae' pro cuius aut qualis. et uerecunde agit Venus; nec enim conueniebat, ut aperte contra uxorem ageret apud maritum: unde et similiter respondet Iuppiter 'neque me sententia uertit'. 

{{ancora+|238|[[Aeneis/Liber I#238|238.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc'''}} hac re. {{sc|'''hoc'''}} propter hoc quod sciret Aeneae socios imperaturos. 

{{ancora+|239|[[Aeneis/Liber I#239|239.]]}} {{sc|'''fatis contraria fata'''}}  utrum fatis bonis in praesentibus? {{sc|'''rependens'''}} conpensans. et est translatio a pecunia. 


{{ancora+|240|[[Aeneis/Liber I#240|240.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc eadem'''}}  similis qualis ab initio fuit, ut ostendat nec longitudinem temporis prodesse Troianis. 

{{ancora+|241|[[Aeneis/Liber I#241|241.]]}} {{sc|'''finem'''}} ac si diceret, non regnum requirimus, sed finem laborum. 

{{ancora+|242|[[Aeneis/Liber I#242|242.]]}} {{sc|'''antenor potvit'''}}  capto Ilio Menelaus memor se et Ulixen beneficio Antenoris seruatos, cum repetentes Helenam ab eo essent suscepti ac paene a Paride aliisque iuuenibus interempti essent, parem gratiam reddens inuiolatum dimisit. qui cum uxore Theano et filiis Helicaone et Polydamante ceterisque sociis in Illyricum peruenit, et bello exceptus ab Euganeis et rege Veleso uictor urbem Patauium condidit; id enim responsi acceperat eo loco condere ciuitatem quo sagittis auem petisset; ideo ex auis petitae auspicio Patauium nominatum, cui aeternitatem - - Helicaon ne uictor rediret gladio peremit. {{sc|'''antenor potvit'''}} non sine causa Antenoris posuit exemplum, cum multi euaserint Troianorum periculum, ut Capys qui Campaniam tenuit, ut Helenus qui Macedoniam, ut alii qui Sardiniam secundum Sallustium; sed propter hoc, ne forte illud occurreret, iure hunc uexari tamquam proditorem patriae. elegit ergo similem personam; hi enim duo Troiam prodidisse dicuntur secundum Liuium, quod et Vergilius per transitum tangit, ubi ait &quot;se quoque principibus permixtum agnouit Achiuis&quot;, et excusat Horatius dicens &quot;ardentem sine fraude Troiam&quot;, hoc est sine proditione: quae quidem excusatio non uacat; nemo enim excusat nisi rem plenam suspicionis. Sisenna tamen dicit solum Antenorem prodidisse. quem si uelimus sequi augemus exemplum: si regnat proditor, cur pius uagatur? ob hoc autem creditur Graecis Antenor patriam prodidisse, quia sicut superius dictum est, et auctor reddendae Helenae fuit et legatos qui propter Helenam uenerant suscepit hospitio, et Ulixen in mendici habitu agnitum non prodidit. {{sc|'''potvit'''}} plus est quod dixit 'potuit' non meruit. {{sc|'''elapsvs'''}} inuidiose noluit dicere 'dimissus', sed 'elapsus'. {{sc|'''achivis'''}} ab Achaeo, Iouis et Pithiae filio, dicti. 

{{ancora+|243|[[Aeneis/Liber I#243|243.]]}} {{sc|'''illyricos penetrare sinvs'''}}  Antenor non Illyricum, non Liburniam, sed Venetiam tenuit. ideo autem Vergilius dicit 'Illyricos sinus', quod inde uenit quidam Henetus rex, qui Venetiam tenuit, a cuius nomine Henetiam dictam posteri Venetiam nominauerunt. {{sc|'''tvtvs'''}} ideo tutus, quia Raeti Vindelici ipsi sunt Liburni, saeuissimi admodum populi, contra quos missus est Drusus. hi autem ab Amazonibus originem ducunt, ut etiam Horatius dicit &quot;quibus mos unde deductus per omne tempus Amazonia securi dextras obarmet, quaerere distuli&quot;. hoc ergo nunc ad augmentum pertinet, quod tutus est etiam inter saeuos populos. 

{{ancora+|244|[[Aeneis/Liber I#244|244.]]}} {{sc|'''fontem timavi'''}}  amant poetae rem unius sermonis circumlocutionibus dicere, ut pro Troia dicant 'urbem Troianam', pro Buthrotio 'arcem Buthroti'. sic et modo pro Timauo ait 'fontem Timaui', et paulo post 'urbem Pataui', id est Patauium. {{sc|'''svperare'''}} nauticus sermo est. Lucilius &quot;promontorium remis superamus Mineruae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|245|[[Aeneis/Liber I#245|245.]]}} {{sc|'''vnde per ora novem'''}}  multi septem esse dicunt. quod si incerta fides est, finitus est numerus pro infinito. {{sc|'''cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} tanta ui exit in mare, ut etiam resonet uicinus mons. et sic dictum est, sicut superius &quot;illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis circum claustra fremunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|246|[[Aeneis/Liber I#246|246.]]}} {{sc|'''mare'''}} it quasi proruptum mare. {{sc|'''mare'''}} amat poeta rem historiae carmini suo coniungere. Varro enim dicit hunc fluuium ab incolis mare nominari. {{sc|'''prorvptvm'''}} id est effusum fluens. et melius 'proruptum', quam 'praeruptum' legere. bene autem definit, quid est largus fons? solutum mare. {{sc|'''pelago'''}} aquarum abundantia. {{sc|'''premit'''}} populatur, uastat. sane multi 'it mare proruptum' et 'pelago premit arua sonanti' hoc intellegi uolunt, quod tanta est in illis locis accessa quae dicitur maris, ut per ora Timaui, id est usque ad initium fontis mare ascendat. unde ait 'it mare proruptum et pelago p- a-', id est ⟨ut⟩ aqua maris premat arua, hoc est litora uicina cooperiat. constat autem et in illo loco accessam maris usque ad montem peruenire et per omne litus Venetiarum mare certis horis et accedere per infinitum et recedere. Timauus autem in Histria est inter Aquileiam et Tergestum. 

{{ancora+|247|[[Aeneis/Liber I#247|247.]]}} {{sc|'''hic tamen'''}}  hoc est etiam in loco difficili. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro illic. {{sc|'''vrbem patavi'''}} hoc est Patauium. Patauium autem dictum uel a Padi uicinitate, quasi Padauium, uel g-apo g-tou g-petasthai, quod captato augurio dicitur condita, uel quod auem telo petisse dicitur et eo loco condidisse ciuitatem. alii a palude Patina, quae uicina ciuitati fuisse dicitur, Patauium dictam putant. sane 'Pataui' minorem nominatiuo genetiuum fecit, cum genetiuus numquam pauciores syllabas nominatiuo suo habere debeat; Patauium enim Patauii facit. {{sc|'''sedesqve locavit'''}} ex uotis suis facit inuidiam, dicens id concessum Antenori, quod ipsa desiderat. 

{{ancora+|248|[[Aeneis/Liber I#248|248.]]}} {{sc|'''et genti nomen dedit'''}}  hoc est, quod ne uictori quidem concedetur Aeneae: quod scimus a Iunone esse perfectum, contra quam oblique loquitur propter considerationem mariti. hi autem primis temporibus ab Antenore dicti sunt Antenoridae. ipsum uero quidam dicunt haec ora se appellasse. aut certe 'nomen' nobilitatem uel dignitatem, ut &quot;et nos aliquod nomenque decusque gessimus&quot;. {{sc|'''armaqve fixit troia'''}} hoc est, securus est, quia solent missi militia siue gladiatura quibuslibet templis arma suspendere, ut Horatius &quot;Veianius armis Herculis ad postem fixis&quot; et &quot;Danais de poste refixum&quot;. {{sc|'''armaqve fixit'''}} quasi non necessaria consecrauit; figere enim consecrare hic debemus accipere, ut &quot;postibus aduersis figo&quot;. 

{{ancora+|249|[[Aeneis/Liber I#249|249.]]}} {{sc|'''compostvs'''}} pro compositus. syncope est; detraxit enim de medio syllabam, ut &quot;et pocula porgite dextris&quot; 


{{ancora+|250|[[Aeneis/Liber I#250|250.]]}} {{sc|'''nos tva progenies'''}}  sic loquitur quasi una sit de Troianis; nam aliter sensus non procedit. quod autem dixit 'tua progenies', epexegesis est, ut &quot;ast ego quae diuum incedo regina&quot;. {{sc|'''nos tva progenies'''}} quasi patiatur et ipsa quod et filius. et bene 'tua progenies' propter Antenorem. {{sc|'''adnvis'''}} quia nutu semper promittit aliquid Iuppiter, ut &quot;annuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum&quot;. {{sc|'''annvis'''}} licet ipsa dea sit, tamen sub persona Aeneae se posuit. 

{{ancora+|251|[[Aeneis/Liber I#251|251.]]}} {{sc|'''navibvs amissis'''}}  cur, cum una nauis perierit, ait 'nauibus'? aut inuidiose dixit et exaggerat, aut quia adhuc aliae desunt, aut quia eas non perisse ignorat Aeneas. {{sc|'''infandvm'''}} pro infande posuit, ut in VI- &quot;miserum septena quotannis&quot;. item &quot;toruumque repente clamat&quot; pro torue. et est figura, quae fit quotiens nomen pro aduerbio ponitur; magis autem poetica est, in prosa aut rara aut numquam. tamen hoc loco 'infandum' potest esse etiam interiectio dolentis. {{sc|'''vnivs'''}} hic produxit paenultimam. {{sc|'''vnivs'''}} cautius, quam si dixisset Iunonis. 

{{ancora+|252|[[Aeneis/Liber I#252|252.]]}} {{sc|'''prodimvr'''}} multa quidem hic sermo significat, sed modo porro damur, scilicet ab Italia. et sciendum est omnium auctorum esse consuetudinem res dubie positas in sequentibus explanare et plenius dicere, ut hoc loco; nam quid est 'prodimur', ostendit dicens 'atque Italis longe disiungimur oris'. {{sc|'''longe'''}} maxime; non enim longe erant ab Italia, cum tempestate disiecti sunt. 

{{ancora+|253|[[Aeneis/Liber I#253|253.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} id est talis, ut &quot;hunc ego te Euryale aspicio&quot;, id est talem. {{sc|'''pietatis'''}} superius 'in te committere' ait, ut peccato Aeneam et Troianos excuset; hic plus addit: non solum eos non esse malos, sed etiam pios esse. {{sc|'''honos'''}} cum secundum artem dicamus honor arbor lepor, plerumque poetae r in s mutant causa metri; os enim longa est, or breuis. hoc quidem habet ratio: sed ecce in hoc loco etiam sine metri necessitate 'honos' dixit. item Sallustius paene ubique 'labos' posuit, quem nulla necessitas coegit. melius tamen est seruire regulae. SIC NOS IN SCEPTRA REPONIS 'sic', hoc est per naufragia. 'in sceptra' aut ad imperia reseruas, aut certe antiqua est licentia communium praepositionum. {{sc|'''in sceptra reponis'''}} id est restituis in regna quae amisimus. 

{{ancora+|254|[[Aeneis/Liber I#254|254.]]}} {{sc|'''olli'''}} modo 'tunc' propter sequentia. pronomen enim non debet poni cum nomine, sed pro ipso nomine, et nullus dicit 'illi natae'. alias tamen 'olli' illi significat, ut &quot;olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget somnus&quot;. {{sc|'''svbridens'''}} laetum ostendit Iouem et talem qualis esse solet cum facit serenum; poetarum enim est elementorum habitum dare numinibus, ut supra de Neptuno dictum est. Ennius &quot;Iuppiter hic risit tempestatesque serenae riserunt omnes risu Iouis omnipotentis&quot;. aut certe risit intellegens Iunonis dolos oblique accusari a Venere, ut est 'quae te, genitor, sententia uertit' et 'unius ob iram prodimur', sicut alibi &quot;atque dolis risit Cytherea repertis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|255|[[Aeneis/Liber I#255|255.]]}} {{sc|'''vvltv qvo caelvm'''}}  ostendit sicut dictum est, cur subriserit Iuppiter. {{sc|'''serenat'''}} hoc uerbum de his est, quae carent prima positione: quod fit in his quae in nostra non sunt potestate, ut tono, fulmino, pluo. haec enim non possumus dicere, nisi forte persona inducatur eius qui potest, ut si tale aliquid Iuppiter dicat. 

{{ancora+|256|[[Aeneis/Liber I#256|256.]]}} {{sc|'''oscvla libavit'''}}  leuiter tetigit. et sciendum osculum religionis esse, sauium uoluptatis, quamuis quidam osculum filiis dari, uxori basium, scorto sauium dicant. sane multi nolunt ita intellegi, ut summum osculum filiae dederit, id est non pressum, sed summa labella contingens, sed ita aiunt: tum hilarus Iuppiter uultus natae libauit, id est contigit, scilicet ut nos solemus cum blandimentis quibusdam sinistram maxillam contingere liberorum ac deinde ad os nostrum dextram referre. ergo 'libauit' merito, quia partem uultus, non totos contigerat, ut 'oscula' dixerit quasi minora et teneriora filiae ora, ut ora diminutiue oscula; nam ora uultus dici, ut &quot;intentique ora tenebant&quot; et &quot;sic ora ferebat&quot;. ipse diminutiue oscula dixit minores et teneros uultus &quot;summaque per galeam delibans oscula fatur&quot;. 

{{ancora+|257|[[Aeneis/Liber I#257|257.]]}} {{sc|'''parce metv'''}}  quotiens in causis arguimur, ante nos purgare debemus et sic ad actionem descendere: quod et hoc loco Iuppiter facit; ante enim obiecta purgat et sic uenit ad promissionem. et est 'parce metu' elocutio usualis, id est dimitte metum, quomodo dicimus parce uerbis, parce iniuriis. alii 'metu' pro metui accipiunt, ablatiuum pro datiuo; aut certe ideo metum aufert, ut animo securiore possit audire, ut alibi &quot;soluite corde metum, Teucri&quot;. {{sc|'''cytherea'''}} omnia quae apud Graecos ei diphthongon habent apud Latinos in e productum conuertuntur, ut g-Kuthereia Cytherea, g-Aineias Aeneas, g-Mehdeia Medea. omnia autem quae dicit Iuppiter ad solutionem pertinent antedictorum. nunc dicit 'parce metu', quia superius dixerat 'tristior'; 'manent inmota', quia dixerat 'quae te genitor sententia uertit?' et simul per transitum dogma Stoicorum ostendit, nulla ratione posse fata mutari. sane seruat et hic ordinem sicut in Aeoli oratione, ut statim promittat quod praestaturus est, ne auditor sit exspectatione suspensus. {{sc|'''tvorvm'''}} uel Troianorum uel Romanorum. 

{{ancora+|258|[[Aeneis/Liber I#258|258.]]}} {{sc|'''fata tibi'''}}  non propter te; fati enim immobilis ratio est. sed aut uacat 'tibi', ut &quot;qui mihi accubantes in conuiuiis&quot;, aut certe tuta tibi sunt fata, non tamen propter te. {{sc|'''cernes vrbem'''}} aut Romam significat, quia cum proprietatem detrahimus, quod magnum est significamus, ut si dicas 'legi oratorem' nec addas quem, intellego Ciceronem; et ne longa sit exspectatio, adiecit 'et promissa Lauini moenia': aut certe detrahe 'et', sicut multi, et epexegesin facis 'cernes urbem', id est 'promissa Lauini moenia'. uidetur autem figurate dictum 'urbem' et 'moenia', quia diuersis idem significauit. 

{{ancora+|259|[[Aeneis/Liber I#259|259.]]}} {{sc|'''svblimemqve feres ad sidera caeli'''}}  propter illud 'caeli quibus adnuis arcem'. Aeneas enim secundum quosdam in Numicum cecidit fluuium, secundum Ouidium in caelum raptus est, appellatus tamen est Iuppiter indiges. Aeneas enim post errores VII. annorum cum ad Italiam peruenisset et, sicut historia habet, cognito quod Veneris filius, Troia profugus fatis iuuantibus ad Italiam uenisset, ab Latino susceptus esset, filiam eius Lauinam duxit uxorem: quo dolore Turnus rex Rutulorum, qui ante Lauiniam sperabat uxorem, et Latino et Aeneae bellum indixit. sed primo proelio Latinus est interemptus, secundo uero Aeneas Turnum occidit. ipse uero ut quidam dicunt cum Mezentium, ut quidam uero Messapum fugeret, in Numicum fluuium cecidit, ut uero Ouidius refert in caelum raptus est, cuius corpus cum uictis a se Rutulis et Mezentio Ascanius requisitum non inuenisset, in deorum numerum credidit relatum. itaque ei templum condidit et Iouem Indigetem appellauit. bene autem addidit 'feres', ut gratius esset quod per ipsam fieret. 


{{ancora+|260|[[Aeneis/Liber I#260|260.]]}} {{sc|'''magnanimvm'''}} magnus et paruus quoniam mensurae sunt, ad animum non nisi g-katachrehstikohs adhibentur. et bene hoc addidit, quasi dicat, quem tu miserum dicis, nos magnanimum, summum. NEQUE ME S- V- ad illud 'quae te, genitor, sententia uertit'. 

{{ancora+|261|[[Aeneis/Liber I#261|261.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} id est Aeneas. et est ordo 'hic bellum ingens geret Italia'. alii 'hic' pro 'post haec quae dixi' accipiunt, ut sit loci aduerbium pro temporis. {{sc|'''tibi fabor enim'''}} hoc loco excusat quaestionem futuram, quasi Veneri dolenti quae uera sunt dicat, sed aliter loquatur cunctis praesentibus dis: dicet enim in decimo &quot;abnueram bello Italiam concurrere Teucris&quot;. {{sc|'''qvando'''}} siquidem, quoniam. {{sc|'''remordet'''}} sollicitat. Terentius &quot;par pari referto, quod eam remordeat&quot;. 

{{ancora+|262|[[Aeneis/Liber I#262|262.]]}} {{sc|'''arcana'''}} secreta. unde et arca et arx dictae, quasi res secretae. 

{{ancora+|263|[[Aeneis/Liber I#263|263.]]}} {{sc|'''italia'''}} in Italia, et detraxit praepositionem more suo. sic et illo loco &quot;non Libyae, non ante Tyro; despectus Hiarbas&quot; id est in Tyro. nam si aduerbialiter uellet, Tyri diceret. {{sc|'''popvlosqve feroces contvndet'''}} incongruum fuerat in consolatione bella praedicere: ob hoc ergo etiam uictoriam pollicetur. 

{{ancora+|264|[[Aeneis/Liber I#264|264.]]}} {{sc|'''moresqve viris et moenia ponet'''}}  hysteroproteron in sensu; ante enim ciuitas, post iura conduntur. leges autem etiam mores dici non dubium est. 

{{ancora+|265|[[Aeneis/Liber I#265|265.]]}} {{sc|'''tertia dvm latio regnantem viderit aestas'''}}  rhetorice, ne breue esset si triennium diceret, tempora diuisit in species. ordo autem est longissimus, nam aliter non procedit, 'sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli magnanimum Aeneam, tertia dum Latio regnantem uiderit aestas'. ergo uidetur sic tacite mortem Aeneae significasse. 'dum' autem pro donec, ut &quot;dum conderet urbem&quot;, id est donec. quidam ideo bis annos ternos memorasse tradunt, ut tres annos solum Aeneam regnaturum significaret, quod cum Latino alios tres annos regnasse dicitur. 

{{ancora+|267|[[Aeneis/Liber I#267|267.]]}} {{sc|'''at pver ascanivs'''}}  prudenter exitum Aeneae et ostendit et tacuit dicendo filium postea regnaturum. aut quia maior cura Veneri de nepote ut in X- &quot;liceat superesse nepotem&quot; et iterum ibi &quot;hunc tegere&quot;. {{sc|'''cvi nvnc cognomen ivlo additvr'''}} secundum Catonem historiae hoc habet fides: Aeneam cum patre ad Italiam uenisse et propter inuasos agros contra Latinum Turnumque pugnasse, in quo proelio periit Latinus. Turnum postea ad Mezentium confugisse eiusque fretum auxilio bella renouasse, quibus Aeneas Turnusque pariter rapti sunt. migrasse postea in Ascanium et Mezentium bella, sed eos singulari certamine dimicasse. et occiso Mezentio Ascanium sicut I. Caesar scribit Iulum coeptum uocari, uel quasi iobolon, id est sagittandi peritum, uel a prima barbae lanugine quam g-ioulon Graeci dicunt, quae ei tempore uictoriae nascebatur. sciendum est autem hunc primo Ascanium dictum a Phrygiae flumine Ascanio, ut est &quot;transque sonantem Ascanium&quot;; deinde Ilum dictum a rege Ilo, unde et Ilium, postea Iulum occiso Mezentio: de quibus nominibus hoc loco dicit 'at puer Ascanius cui nunc cognomen Iulo additur, Ilus erat'. ab hac autem historia ita discedit Vergilius, ut aliquibus locis ostendat, non se per ignorantiam, sed per artem poeticam hoc fecisse, ut illo loco &quot;quo magis Italia mecum laetere reperta&quot;: ecce g-amphibolikohs dixit, ostendit tamen Anchisen ad Italiam peruenisse. sic autem omnia contra hanc historiam ficta sunt, ut illud ubi dicitur Aeneas uidisse Carthaginem, cum eam constet ante {{sc|'''lxx'''}} annos urbis Romae conditam. inter excidium uero Troiae et ortum urbis Romae anni inueniuntur CCCXL. {{sc|'''cognomen ivlo'''}} si proprie loqueretur, agnomen diceret, non cognomen, sed magis ad familiam respexit, quia omnis gens Iulia inde originem ducit. dicimus autem et nomen mihi est Cicero, ut &quot;Hecyra est huic nomen fabulae&quot;, et Ciceronis, ut Sallustius &quot;cui nomen obliuionis condiderant&quot;, et Ciceroni, ut &quot;cui Remulo cognomen erat&quot;, et Ciceronem, ut &quot;Aeneadasque meo nomen de nomine fingo&quot;. melius tamen est datiuo uti. 

{{ancora+|268|[[Aeneis/Liber I#268|268.]]}} {{sc|'''ilvs erat'''}}  deest 'qui', debuit autem dicere 'qui Ilus erat'. {{sc|'''ilia'''}} pro Iliensis, ut Plautus &quot;Hector Ilius&quot; pro Iliensis. et &quot;Amphitryo, natus Argis ex Argo patre&quot; id est Argiuo. 

{{ancora+|269|[[Aeneis/Liber I#269|269.]]}} {{sc|'''triginta'''}} uel quod XXX- tantum annos regnauit, uel quod Cato ait, &quot;XXX- annis expletis eum Albam condidisse&quot;. {{sc|'''magnos orbes'''}} tria sunt genera annorum: aut enim lunaris annus est XXX- dierum, aut solstitialis XII- mensum, aut secundum Tullium magnus, qui tenet XIIDCCCCLIIII. annos, ut in Hortensio &quot;horum annorum quos in fastis habemus magnus XIIDCCCCLIIII- amplectitur&quot;. hoc ergo loco magnum dixit comparatione lunaris, et alibi &quot;interea magnum sol circumuoluitur annum&quot;. annus autem dictus quasi anus, id est anulus, quod in se redeat, ut est &quot;atque in se sua per uestigia uoluitur annus&quot;, uel g-apo g-tou g-ananeousthai, id est ab innouatione. {{sc|'''volvendis'''}} uolubilibus uel quia uoluuntur, ut supra. 


{{ancora+|270|[[Aeneis/Liber I#270|270.]]}} {{sc|'''a sede lavini transferet'''}}  uerum est: uitans enim nouercalem inuidiam, quod timore Ascanii Lauinia post Aeneae mortem ad Tyrrhum paternum pastorem grauida confugit ad siluas, nam ibi etiam Siluium peperisse dicitur, deseruit Lauinium et Albam Longam condidit dictam ab omine albae porcae repertae uel situ ciuitatis. ad quam cum de Lauinio dii Penates translati nocte proxima Lauinium redissent, atque eos denuo Albam Ascanius transtulisset, et illi iterum redissent Lauinium, eos manere passus est, datis qui sacris praeessent agroque eis adsignato, quo se alerent. {{sc|'''vi'''}} modo uirtute, nam multa significat. {{sc|'''vi'''}} modo uirtute tei dunamei, alibi tei biai, ut est &quot;auro ui potitur&quot;, alias pro magna copia. Cicero in deorum natura &quot;infinitamque uim marmoris&quot;, Sallustius &quot;magna uis hominum conuenerat agris pulsa aut ciuitate eiecta&quot;. et est sermo diuersa significans, prout se locus obtulerit. 

{{ancora+|272|[[Aeneis/Liber I#272|272.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc iam'''}}  praeterea. si autem 'hic iam', in hoc scilicet loco. {{sc|'''ter centvm'''}} quomodo trecentos annos dicit, cum eam quadringentis regnasse constet sub Albanis regibus? sed cum praescriptione ait 'tercentum', scilicet usque ad ortum urbis Romae; ait namque 'donec regina sacerdos Marte grauis'. et constat in regno Romuli et Numae et Tulli Hostilii qui euertit Albam centum annos, quibus pariter Roma et Alba regnarunt, esse consumptos. {{sc|'''totos'''}} id est sine intermissione. {{sc|'''regnabitvr'''}} impersonalibus usus est, quia de multis dicit, ut &quot;usque adeo turbatur agris&quot;. 

{{ancora+|273|[[Aeneis/Liber I#273|273.]]}} {{sc|'''gente svb hectorea'''}}  id est Troiana. sed debuit dicere 'Aeneia'. diximus superius nomina poetas ex uicino usurpare. sed quidam reprehendunt, quod 'Hectorea' et non 'Aeneia'. mos est poetis nomina ex uicinis usurpare, quia coniunctus genere Hectori Ascanius, ut est &quot;et pater Aeneas, et auunculus excitat Hector&quot;. alii tradunt, cum Hectoris progenies nulla in Italia fuerit, ideo 'sub Hectorea' positum, ut significaret sub forti, ut in quinto &quot;Hectorei socii&quot;. sed ex aliis rebus alia dat nomina, ut pios Aeneadas appellauit, ut timidos Phrygas, ut nobiles Dardanidas, ut periuros Laomedontiadas. ceterum ubi ueram originem significat &quot;domus Assaraci&quot; ponit, ex quo Capys, ex Capy Anchises, ex Anchise Aeneas. {{sc|'''donec regina sacerdos'''}} historia hoc habet. Amulius et Numitor fratres fuerunt. Amulius fratrem imperio pepulit et filium eius necauit, filiam uero Iliam Vestae sacerdotem fecit, ut spem subolis auferret, a qua se puniri posse cognouerat. hanc ut multi dicunt Mars compressit, unde nati sunt Remus et Romus, quos cum matre Amulius praecipitari iussit in Tiberim. tum ut quidam dicunt Iliam sibi Anien fecit uxorem, ut alii inter quos Horatius, Tiberis: unde ait &quot;uxorius amnis&quot;. pueri uero expositi ad uicinam ripam sunt. hos Faustus repperit pastor, cuius uxor erat nuper meretrix Acca Larentia, quae susceptos aluit pueros. hi postea auum suum Numitorem occiso Amulio in regna reuocarunt. quibus dum cum eo angustum Albae uideretur imperium, recesserunt et captatis auguriis urbem condiderunt. sed Remus prior sex uultures uidit, Romus postea duodecim: quae res bellum creauit. in quo extinctus est Remus, et a Romi nomine Romani appellati. ut autem pro Romo Romulus diceretur, blandimenti genere factum est, quod gaudet diminutione. quod autem a lupa dicuntur alti, fabulosum figmentum est ad celandam auctorum Romani generis turpitudinem. nec incongrue fictum est; nam et meretrices lupas uocamus, unde et lupanaria. et constat hoc animal in tutela esse Martis. sed de origine et conditore urbis diuersa a diuersis traduntur. Clinias refert Telemachi filiam Romen nomine Aeneae nuptam fuisse, ex cuius uocabulo Romam appellatam. - - dicit Latinum ex Vlixe et Circe editum de nomine sororis suae mortuae Romen ciuitatem appellasse. Ateius adserit Romam ante aduentum Euandri diu Valentiam uocitatam, sed post graeco nomine g-Romen uocitatam. alii a filia Euandri ita dictam, alii a fatidica, quae praedixisset Euandro his eum locis oportere considere. Heraclides ait Romen, nobilem captiuam Troianam huc appulisse et taedio maris suasisse sedem, ex cuius nomine urbem uocatam. Eratosthenes Ascanii, Aeneae filii, Romulum parentem urbis refert. Naeuius et Ennius Aeneae ex filia nepotem Romulum conditorem urbis tradunt. Sibylla ita dicit g-Rhomaioi, g-Rhomou g-paides. {{sc|'''regina'''}} regis filia. abusiue ait more poetico, ut alibi &quot;magnum reginae sed enim miseratus amorem&quot;, id est regis filiae Pasiphaes. {{sc|'''sacerdos'''}} quia ab Amulio Vestae uirgo esse iussa est, ne ei propter edendam subolem facultas esset uiro iungi. 

{{ancora+|274|[[Aeneis/Liber I#274|274.]]}} {{sc|'''marte gravis'''}}  grauida, ut &quot;non insueta grauis temptabunt pabula fetas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|275|[[Aeneis/Liber I#275|275.]]}} {{sc|'''inde'''}} post, uel deinde, uel tunc, aduerbium loci pro temporis. {{sc|'''fvlvo tegmine'''}} id est pelle lupae, qua utebatur more pastorum. sed hoc multi reprehendunt, cur nutricis tegmine usus sit. qui gemina ratione refutantur: uel falsitate fabulae, uel exemplo Iouis, qui caprae nutricis utitur pelle, unde Graece g-aigiochos appellatur. sane 'tegmine' multi antique dictum asserunt, quia tegimentum dici debere affirmant. {{sc|'''laetvs'''}} uirtute alacer, uel quia auo regnum reddiderat, uel quia ipse nouam urbem et nouum condebat imperium. 

{{ancora+|276|[[Aeneis/Liber I#276|276.]]}} {{sc|'''excipiet gentem'''}}  Remo scilicet interempto, post cuius mortem natam constat pestilentiam: unde consulta oracula dixerunt placandos esse manes fratris extincti; ob quam rem sella curulis cum sceptro et corona et ceteris regni insignibus semper iuxta sancientem aliquid Romulum ponebatur, ut pariter imperare uiderentur. unde est &quot;Remo cum fratre Quirinus iura dabunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|277|[[Aeneis/Liber I#277|277.]]}} {{sc|'''romanosqve svo de nomine dicet'''}}  perite non ait Romam, sed Romanos. urbis enim illius uerum nomen nemo uel in sacris enuntiat. denique tribunus plebei quidam Valerius Soranus, ut ait Varro et multi alii, hoc nomen ausus enuntiare, ut quidam dicunt raptus a senatu et in crucem leuatus est, ut alii, metu supplicii fugit et in Sicilia comprehensus a praetore praecepto senatus occisus est. hoc autem urbis nomen ne Hyginus quidem cum de situ urbis loqueretur expressit. 

{{ancora+|278|[[Aeneis/Liber I#278|278.]]}} {{sc|'''nec metas rervm nec tempora pono'''}}  'metas' ad terras rettulit, 'tempora' ad annos; Lauinio enim et Albae finem statuit, Romanis tribuit aeternitatem, quia subiunxit 'imperium sine fine dedi'. 

{{ancora+|279|[[Aeneis/Liber I#279|279.]]}} {{sc|'''qvin'''}} quinetiam; minus enim est 'etiam'. nam plenum est quinetiam, ut &quot;quinetiam hiberno moliris sidere classem&quot;. {{sc|'''aspera ivno'''}} tolerabilius hoc Iuppiter dicit. {{sc|'''aspera ivno'''}} uel quam tu asperam dicis, uel certe ut et ego fateor. 


{{ancora+|280|[[Aeneis/Liber I#280|280.]]}} {{sc|'''metv'''}} ut supra &quot;id metuens&quot;. {{sc|'''terras caelvmqve fatigat'''}} alibi &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires caelique marisque&quot;. QUAE MARE N- T- Q- M- C- Q- F- metu scilicet quem de Carthagine habet, ut supra &quot;id metuens&quot;, uel metu quo Troianos terret et Venerem. nam dicit 'parce metu Cytherea'. 'mare' autem 't- c- q- f-' alibi ostendit dicendo &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires caelique marisque&quot;. 'fatigat' uero pro exercet, sollicitat, commouet. 

{{ancora+|281|[[Aeneis/Liber I#281|281.]]}} {{sc|'''consilia in melivs referet'''}}  quia bello Punico secundo ut ait Ennius placata Iuno coepit fauere Romanis. {{sc|'''in melivs'''}} eis to kreitton. et est Latinior elocutio: Sallustius &quot;ad mutandum modo in melius seruitium&quot;. {{sc|'''mecvmqve fovebit'''}} id est eadem quae ego sentiens, eadem quae ego uolens, uel ut quidam uolunt mecum in Capitolio constituta. 

{{ancora+|282|[[Aeneis/Liber I#282|282.]]}} {{sc|'''gentemqve togatam'''}}  bene 'gentem', quia et sexus omnis et condicio toga utebatur, sed serui nec colobia nec calceos habebant. togas autem etiam feminas habuisse, cycladum et recini usus ostendit. recinus autem dicitur ab eo, quod post tergum reicitur, quod uulgo maforte dicunt. 

{{ancora+|283|[[Aeneis/Liber I#283|283.]]}} {{sc|'''sic placitvm'''}}  uel fatis uel mihi; nam inpersonale est. {{sc|'''lvstris'''}} quinquenniis. et bene olympiadibus computat tempora, quod magis ad Iouem pertinet, quia nondum erant uel Roma uel consules. lustrum autem dictum, quod post quinquennium unaquaeque ciuitas lustrabatur. unde Romae ambilustrum, quod non licebat nisi ambos censores post quinquennium lustrare ciuitatem. {{sc|'''aetas'''}} iuxta ueteres aetas hic pro tempore posita est, alibi pro modo annorum, ut est &quot;ubi iam firmata uirum te fecerit aetas&quot; et &quot;aetas Lucinam iustosque pati hymenaeos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|284|[[Aeneis/Liber I#284|284.]]}} {{sc|'''domvs assaraci'''}}  id est familia Troiana, et est a parte totum; nam Assaracus Capyn genuit, Capys Anchisen, unde Aeneas, auctor Romani generis: ex quibus Mummius, qui Achaiam uicit. {{sc|'''pthiam'''}} achillis patriam. {{sc|'''mycenas'''}} agamemnonis patriam, ut &quot;Agamemnoniasque Mycenas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|286|[[Aeneis/Liber I#286|286.]]}} {{sc|'''nascetvr'''}} ad illud respondet 'certe hinc Romanos olim' et omnis poetae intentio, ut in qualitate carminis diximus, ad laudem tendit Augusti, sicut et in sexti catalogo et in clipei descriptione. haec autem Iouis allocutio partim obiecta purgat partim aliquid pollicetur. {{sc|'''pvlchra'''}} allusit propter Venerem. {{sc|'''troianvs'''}} ac si diceret, etiam Caesar Troianus est. {{sc|'''caesar'''}} hic est, qui dictus est Gaius Iulius Caesar. Gaius praenomen est, Iulius ab Iulo, Caesar uel quod caeso matris uentre natus est, uel quod auus eius in Africa manu propria occidit elephantem, qui caesa dicitur lingua Poenorum. hic sane Gaius Iulius Caesar quattuor et sexaginta uictis Galliarum ciuitatibus cum a senatu petisset consulatum et triumphum nec impetrasset aduersante Cn. Pompeio magno eiusque amicis, qui Caesaris processibus inuidebant, bellum ciuile gessit in Farsalia, quo Pompeius uictus Alexandriae occiditur. Caesar Romam compositis rebus et Alexandria debellata reuersus in curia Pompeiana a Cassio et Bruto aliisque Pompeianis occisus est. cuius heres Augustus cum intrasset urbem coegit a senatu interfectores Caesaris parricidas et hostes iudicari, eumque in deorum numerum referri et diuum appellari. 

{{ancora+|287|[[Aeneis/Liber I#287|287.]]}} {{sc|'''imperivm oceano'''}} , {{sc|'''famam qvi terminet astris'''}} aut ad laudem dictum est, aut certe secundum historiam. re uera enim et Britannos qui in oceano sunt uicit, et post mortem eius cum ludi funebres ab Augusto eius adoptiuo filio darentur, stella medio die uisa est, unde est &quot;ecce Dionaei processit Caesaris astrum&quot;. {{sc|'''a magno'''}} sicut Alexander, sicut Pompeius. Graeci enim omne magnificum magnum, ut mater magna et dii magni. 

{{ancora+|288|[[Aeneis/Liber I#288|288.]]}} {{sc|'''olim'''}} modo futuri temporis est. {{sc|'''caelo'''}} in caelum. {{sc|'''spoliis orientis'''}} uicto Pharnace Mithridatis filio, qui re uera in oriente fuit. ceterum Aegyptus, in qua Ptolomaeum uicit, in australi est plaga. 

{{ancora+|289|[[Aeneis/Liber I#289|289.]]}} {{sc|'''honvstvm'''}} inter honustum et oneratum hoc interest, quod oneratus est qualicumque pressus pondere, honustus uero cui onus ipsum honori est, ut si quis spolia hostium ferat. sed oneratus aspirationem non habet, quia ab onere uenit, honustus uero, quia etiam ab honore descendit, retinet aspirationem. alii 'honestum' legunt; ueteres enim honestum pro specioso ponebant, ut &quot;Dardanius caput ecce puer detectus honestum&quot;. 


{{ancora+|290|[[Aeneis/Liber I#290|290.]]}} {{sc|'''accipies secvra'''}}  quia post mortem Caesar meruit aram, fastigium, flaminem, ut Cicero in Philippicis. {{sc|'''secvra'''}} quare 'secura'? quia nunc sollicita. {{sc|'''hic qvoqve'''}} potest intellegi sicut Romulus, sed melius sicut Aeneas, de quo superius ait 'sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli'. 'quoque' autem semper ad similitudinem ponit, ut &quot;tu quoque litoribus nostris&quot;. {{sc|'''hic qvoqve'''}} sicut ego, sicut tu. {{sc|'''votis'''}} uel ad uota uel uotis uocabitur. 

{{ancora+|291|[[Aeneis/Liber I#291|291.]]}} {{sc|'''aspera tvnc'''}}  id est Caesare consecrato cum Augustus regnare coeperit, clauso Iani templo, pax erit per orbem. constat autem templum hoc ter esse clausum: primum regnante Numa, item post bellum Punicum secundum, tertio post bella Actiaca quae confecit Augustus: quo tempore pax quidem fuit quantum ad exteras pertinet gentes, sed bella flagrauere ciuilia, quod et ipse per transitum tangit dicens 'Furor impius intus'. huius autem aperiendi uel claudendi templi ratio uaria est. alii dicunt Romulo contra Sabinos pugnante, cum in eo esset ut uinceretur, calidam aquam ex eodem loco erupisse, quae fugauit exercitum Sabinorum: hinc ergo tractum morem, ut pugnaturi aperirent templum, quod in eo loco fuerat constitutum, quasi ad spem pristini auxilii. alii dicunt Tatium et Romulum facto foedere hoc templum aedificasse, unde et Ianus ipse duas facies habet, quasi ut ostendat duorum regum coitionem. uel quod ad bellum ituri debent de pace cogitare. est alia melior ratio, quod ad proelium ituri optent reuersionem. 

{{ancora+|292|[[Aeneis/Liber I#292|292.]]}} {{sc|'''cana fides et vesta'''}}  subaudis 'erit'. canam autem Fidem dixit, uel quod in canis hominibus inuenitur, uel quod ei albo panno inuoluta manu sacrificatur, per quod ostenditur fidem debere esse secretam: unde et Horatius &quot;et albo rara Fides colit uelata panno&quot;. Vesta uero pro religione, quia nullum sacrificium sine igne est, unde et ipsa et Ianus in omnibus sacrificiis inuocantur. Vesta autem dicta uel g-apo g-tehs g-hestias, ut digammos sit adiecta, sicut g-ehr uer, g-Enetos Venetus, uel quod uariis uestita sit rebus. ipsa enim esse dicitur terra, quam ignem habere non dubium est, ut ex Aetna Vulcanoque et aliis locis ardentibus datur intellegi. {{sc|'''remo cvm fratre qvirinvs ivra dabvnt'''}} hic dissimulat de parricidio, quod et iungit eos, et quia non Romulum, sed Quirinum appellat, ut non potuerit parricidium facere qui meruerit deus fieri. {{sc|'''remo cvm fratre qvirinvs ivra dabvnt'''}} multi sic intellegere uolunt ut superius diximus, quia post pestilentiam ad placandos fratris manes geminis omnibus usus est Romulus: unde est &quot;uiden ut geminae stent uertice cristae?&quot; sed hoc esse non potest, quia iteratio est ante dictorum aut ordo praeposterus, si post dictum Caesarem Romulum repetit. constat praeterea Iani templum patuisse sub Romulo, quia bellis numquam uacauit. alii uolunt per hos Romanos intellegi. uera tamen hoc habet ratio, Quirinum Augustum esse, Remum uero pro Agrippa positum, qui filiam Augusti duxit uxorem, et cum eo pariter bella tractauit: unde est &quot;parte alia dis et uentis Agrippa secundis&quot;. nam adulans populus Romanus Octauiano tria obtulit nomina, utrum uellet Quirinus, an Caesar, an Augustus uocari. ille ne unum eligendo partem laederet quae aliud offerre cupiebat, diuerso tempore omnibus usus est, et primo Quirinus dictus est, inde Caesar, postea quod et obtinuit Augustus, sicut Suetonius probat et in georgicis ostendit Vergilius. nam cum de Gangaridum uictoria diceret, qui iuxta Gangen sunt quique ab Augusto uicti sunt, ait &quot;uictorisque arma Quirini&quot;. ut autem pro Agrippa Remum poneret, poetico usus est more; nam nomen ex uicino sumpsit. hoc ergo dicit, cum coeperit Iulius Caesar caelum tenere patratis omnibus bellis, iura dabunt Augustus et Agrippa. Romulus autem ideo Quirinus dictus est, uel quod hasta utebatur, quae Sabinorum lingua curis dicitur: hasta enim, id est curis, telum longum est, unde et securis quasi semicuris: uel a g-koiranos qui Graece rex dicitur: constat autem Graecos fuisse Romanos: uel propter generis nobilitatem; Mars enim cum saeuit Gradiuus dicitur, cum tranquillus est Quirinus. denique in urbe duo eius templa sunt: unum Quirini intra urbem, quasi custodis et tranquilli, aliud in Appia uia extra urbem prope portam, quasi bellatoris, id est Gradiui. 

{{ancora+|293|[[Aeneis/Liber I#293|293.]]}} {{sc|'''dirae'''}} cum apertae sunt. {{sc|'''dirae'''}} hoc est abominandae, alias 'dirae' magnae &quot;an sua cuique deus fit dira cupido&quot; et &quot;iam tum religio pauidos terrebat agrestes dira loci&quot; et &quot;dicuntur geminae pestes cognomine Dirae&quot;. {{sc|'''compagibvs'''}} ambages et compages antiqui tantum dicebant, posteritas admisit ut etiam compago dicatur: sed non quia uarius esse potest nominatiuus, debet etiam declinatio mutari, quemadmodum nec in istis nominibus arbor arbos, uomer uomis; nam et uomeris et arboris tantum facit. ergo compages compagis, quoniam compago usurpatum est; compaginis enim nemo penitus dicit. 

{{ancora+|294|[[Aeneis/Liber I#294|294.]]}} {{sc|'''belli portae'''}}  Iani gemini, quae bello aperiebantur, pace claudebantur. ideo autem Ianus belli tempore patefiebat, ut eiusdem conspectus per bellum pateret, in cuius potestate esset exitus reditusque; id enim ipsa significat eius effigies, praebentis se euntibus et redeuntibus ducem. hunc autem olim Numa Pompilius fecit, cuius portas regni tempore clausit. {{sc|'''fvror impivs intvs'''}} ut superius diximus propter bella ciuilia, quae gesta sunt contra Brutum et Cassium ab Augusto in Philippis, contra Sextum Pompeium ab Augusto in Sicilia. aut sicut quidam tradunt {{sc|'''fvror impivs intvs'''}} non in aede Iani, sed in alia in foro Augusti introeuntibus ad sinistram, fuit bellum pictum et furor sedens super arma deuinctus eo habitu quo poeta dixit. 

{{ancora+|295|[[Aeneis/Liber I#295|295.]]}} {{sc|'''saeva sedens svper arma'''}}  secundum antiquam licentiam. sciendum tamen est hodie 'in' et 'sub' tantum communes esse praepositiones. ceterum 'super' et 'subter' iam accusatiuae sunt, sicut 'clam' et 'post', quae ante communes fuerunt: nunc in his mutata natura est. ergo {{sc|'''svper'''}} pro supra. et nunc haec praepositio accusatiuo seruit, ubi uero 'de' significat, ablatiuo. {{sc|'''aenis nodis'''}} non centum nodis, sed catenis, quas circumlocutione significauit, quia sunt catenae nodi plures. quidam 'aeneis' pro ferreis tradunt, ut &quot;micat aereus ensis&quot;: et &quot;aerea quem obliquum rota transit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|297|[[Aeneis/Liber I#297|297.]]}} {{sc|'''et maia genitvm'''}}  Mercurium. et est periphrasis. Cicero in libris de deorum natura plures dicit esse Mercurios: sed in deorum ratione fabulae sequendae sunt, nam ueritas ignoratur. simul allusit poeta, quia per caduceatores, id est internuntios, pax solet fieri. {{sc|'''maia genitvm demittit ab alto'''}} quod deo opus erat, ut hostes Poeni auctori Romani nominis placarentur Aeneae. quidam sane quattuor Mercurios dicunt: unum Iouis et Maiae filium, alterum Caeli et Diei, tertium Liberi et Proserpinae, quartum Iouis et Cyllenes, a quo Argus occisus est, quem ipsum ob hanc causam Graecia profugum Aegyptiis litteras demonstrasse perhibent. 

{{ancora+|298|[[Aeneis/Liber I#298|298.]]}} {{sc|'''vt terrae'''}}  propter illud quod sequitur &quot;hospitio prohibemur harenae&quot;. {{sc|'''pateant'''}} propter illud &quot;cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis&quot;. non nulli sane 'pateant' pacatae sint accipiunt, ut Sallustius &quot;simul immanis hominum uis multis e locis inuasere patentes tum et pacis modo effusas&quot;; hic enim habitus pacis. et in Catilina &quot;cuncta maria terraeque patebant&quot;. sic enim contra cum dicitur 'clausa omnia' bellum significatur, ut ipse &quot;quae moenia clausis ferrum acuant portis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|299|[[Aeneis/Liber I#299|299.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitio'''}} ad hospitium. {{sc|'''ne fati nescia dido'''}} non sui: nam si sciret exitum suum, multo magis uetaret: sed 'fati' dixit uoluntatis Iouis, sicut &quot;fatis Iunonis iniquae&quot;. aut certe fati Troianorum, qui non sponte, sed necessitate ad Africam uenerant, quod utique ignorabat Dido. illo enim tempore inuadendarum terrarum causa fuerat nauigatio, ut Sallustius meminit, facili tum mutatione sedum: quod etiam excusant Troiani &quot;non nos aut ferro Libycos populare penates uenimus&quot;. ergo hoc agitur, ut discat Dido eos ad Italiam tendere. quomodo ergo se iungit Aeneae? sed furoris illud est, non consilii. nam nec sacerdotibus haec dicentibus credidit. unde est &quot;quid uota furentem, quid delubra iuuant?&quot; 


{{ancora+|300|[[Aeneis/Liber I#300|300.]]}} {{sc|'''volat ille per aera'''}}  similis hic festinatio Mercurii est, ut supra Neptuni. in quarto et &quot;talaria nectit&quot; et &quot;uirgam capit&quot; et plus moratur. 

{{ancora+|301|[[Aeneis/Liber I#301|301.]]}} {{sc|'''remigio alarvm'''}}  translatio reciproca, ut supra diximus; nam alibi &quot;uelorum pandimus alas&quot;. {{sc|'''citvs'''}} pro cito, aduerbium temporis in nomen deflexum. et bene hoc de Mercurio; cum enim alia signa tarde ad ortus suos recurrant, Mercurius octauo decimo die in ortu suo inuenitur. {{sc|'''poeni'''}} antistoichon est quasi phoeni. 

{{ancora+|303|[[Aeneis/Liber I#303|303.]]}} {{sc|'''volente deo'''}}  Mercurio uel Ioue. {{sc|'''in primis'''}} praecipue. 

{{ancora+|304|[[Aeneis/Liber I#304|304.]]}} {{sc|'''in tevcros'''}}  pro Teucris, ut diximus. alibi 'in Teucros' aduersum Teucros, ut &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires&quot;. 

{{ancora+|305|[[Aeneis/Liber I#305|305.]]}} {{sc|'''at pivs aeneas'''}}  filium Aeneas sacrorum omnium docetur, ex cuius persona latenter quae ad caeremonias ueteres pertinent saepe monstrantur. hic ergo deus apicis, quod insigne flaminum fuit, de quo loco suo in quarto libro dictum est. uult ostendere igitur, flamini extra medium pomerium post solis occasum apicem ponere non licere. Aeneas ergo hic ad Carthaginis litus adpulsus ostenditur sine apice fuisse, id est nudo capite. nam cum ait 'at pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima uoluens, ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque explorare nouos, quas uento accesserit oras, qui teneant, nam inculta uidet, hominesne feraene' manifeste longius ab urbe intellegitur; unde animaduertendum est extra pomerium fuisse, nam in subsequentibus ostenditur, eum extra pomerium fuisse, cum ait Venus &quot;et qua te ducit uia, dirige gressum&quot;. nam et augurium ei in finibus pomerii ostensum est. quod et ipsum Aeneam respondentem signatius declarat sine apice fuisse; timentem enim, ne piaculum incurreret, si cum solis occasum nudo capite, id est sine apice inueniretur, ita loquentem fecit &quot;et uacet annales nostrorum audire laborum, ante diem clauso componet Vesper Olympo&quot;; uerebatur enim solis occasum. nudo autem capite ibi fuisse ostenditur, ubi ait &quot;restitit Aeneas claraque in luce refulsit, os umerosque deo similis; namque ipsa decoram caesariem nato genetrix lumenque iuuentae purpureum et laetos oculis adflarat honores&quot;; neque enim caesariem dicere debuisset, nisi quia nudo capite incedebat Aeneas. sed haec Vergilio et his similia sufficiunt ad indicandum omnium disciplinarum scientiam narrantem aliud ponere, neque propositum habet talia plenius exsequi. {{sc|'''per noctem'''}} decet enim pro cunctis regem esse sollicitum. et bene 'per noctem', ne a sociis quos ipse consolatus erat uideretur per diem maerens. 

{{ancora+|306|[[Aeneis/Liber I#306|306.]]}} {{sc|'''alma'''}} alma lux dicta, quod alat uniuersa, unde et &quot;alma Ceres&quot;, quod nos alat; nam physici dicunt omnia per diem crescere. quomodo ergo Vergilius ait &quot;exigua tantum gelidus ros nocte reponet&quot;? sed hoc pro miraculo positum est, ut etiam Plinius sentit. {{sc|'''locos'''}} et locos et loca dicimus, cum in numero singulari locus tantum dicamus. simile est et iocus, nam et ioca facit et ioci, ut &quot;ioca atque seria cum humillimis exercere&quot; et &quot;quam multa ioca solent esse in epistolis&quot; et &quot;tum iuuenes agitare iocos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|307|[[Aeneis/Liber I#307|307.]]}} {{sc|'''qvas vento accesserit oras'''}}  diximus superius figuram fieri, cum praepositio detracta nomini uerbo copulatur, et plerumque eam suam retinere naturam plerumque conuertere. hoc igitur sciendum est, quia, cum casum suum retinet, hysterologia est, ut hoc loco; cum autem mutat, figura est, ut &quot;Cumarum adlabitur oris&quot;; 'oris' enim pro oras posuit. plerumque tamen etiam superfluas ponunt praepositiones. {{sc|'''qvas vento accesserit oras'''}} sine praepositione. Sallustius &quot;genua patrum aduoluuntur&quot;. 

{{ancora+|308|[[Aeneis/Liber I#308|308.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi teneant'''}}  iure dubitat, cum omnia cernat inculta. est autem ordo 'qui teneant, hominesne feraene'; media per parenthesin dicta sunt. {{sc|'''exacta'''}} exquisita. et ostendit prouidum regem per se curantem commoda sociorum. 


{{ancora+|310|[[Aeneis/Liber I#310|310.]]}} {{sc|'''in convexo nemorvm'''}}  prooeconomia est ad causam pertinens. non enim tenebitur ab Afris, ut Ilionei, et qui cum ipso superuenerant. 'conuexo' autem curuo, unde et conuexum dicitur caelum. sane subaudimus 'loco', ut alibi &quot;castrorum et campi medio&quot;, id est spatio. 'nemorum' autem modo siluarum. interest autem inter nemus et siluam et lucum; lucus enim est arborum multitudo cum religione, nemus uero composita multitudo arborum, silua diffusa et inculta. {{sc|'''svb rvpe cavata'''}} periphrasis est speluncae. 

{{ancora+|311|[[Aeneis/Liber I#311|311.]]}} {{sc|'''arboribvs atqve horrentibvs vmbris'''}}  umbris arborum, quo modo &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. aut certe arboribus et umbris speluncae. et bene ostendit omnia curuis adlata nauibus non quae uenerant cum Aenea. 'clausam' autem 'occulit' occulit et clausit. 

{{ancora+|312|[[Aeneis/Liber I#312|312.]]}} {{sc|'''comitatvs achate'''}}  bene ostendit Aeneam esse fortissimum nec quidquam timere dicendo 'uno graditur comitatus Achate'. et diximus quaeri, cur Achates Aeneae sit comes. uaria quidem dicuntur, melius tamen hoc fingitur, ut tractum nomen sit a Graeca etymologia. g-achos enim dicitur sollicitudo, quae regum semper est comes. 

{{ancora+|313|[[Aeneis/Liber I#313|313.]]}} {{sc|'''bina'''}} si ad utrumque referas, bene dixit 'bina', si ad Aeneam tantum, antiquus mos est, ut supra diximus, bina pro duobus poni, sicut et duplices. {{sc|'''lato ferro'''}} id est lati ferri, ut &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. 

{{ancora+|314|[[Aeneis/Liber I#314|314.]]}} {{sc|'''media sese tvlit obvia silva'''}}  quam Graeci g-hulen uocant poetae nominant siluam, id est elementorum congeriem, unde cuncta procreantur. et multi uolunt Aeneam in horoscopo Virginem, ibi etiam Venerem habuisse. bene ergo in media silua uirginis habitu ei Venerem poeta facit occurrere, quia ut supra diximus Venere in Virgine constituta et misericordes procreantur feminae et uiri per mulierem felices futuri, ut probamus in Aenea, quoniam misericordia Didonis seruatur. 

{{ancora+|315|[[Aeneis/Liber I#315|315.]]}} {{sc|'''virginis os habitvmqve gerens'''}}  uultum et amictum. habitus apud ueteres dicebatur tam corporis quam eorum quae praeter corpus sunt. et bene 'gerens', non 'habens', quod geri putantur aliena. 

{{ancora+|316|[[Aeneis/Liber I#316|316.]]}} {{sc|'''spartanae'''}} Lacaenae. Sparta enim ciuitas est Laconicae, ubi sunt puellae uenatrices. redditur autem causa, uirgo cur sit in siluis, scilicet propter uenatum. {{sc|'''threissa'''}} thracia. et est solutio; nam Thressa facit, sicut &quot;Cressa genus Pholoe&quot;. ueniunt autem ab eo quod est Threx et Cres. ut autem Creissa non faciat illud est, quia g-Krehssa per e simpliciter scribitur nec potest recipere solutionem, g-Thraissa uero per ai diphthongon, unde et resoluitur. {{sc|'''fatigat'''}} suo scilicet cursu. sane quidam 'fatigat' pro fatigauit accipiunt, praesens pro praeterito, sicut et 'praeuertitur' pro praeuersa est. 

{{ancora+|317|[[Aeneis/Liber I#317|317.]]}} {{sc|'''harpalyce'''}} haec est quae patrem senem captum a Getis multitudine collecta liberauit celerius, quam de femina potest credi: unde et flumina dicitur celeritate transisse. multum autem epitheton fluminis eius addidit laudi. {{sc|'''harpalyce'''}} quidam a patre Harpalyco, qui rex Amymoniorum Thraciae gentis fuit, ita nutritam dicunt, ut ipse Camillam a Metabo facit. haec patre propter ferociam a ciuibus pulso ac postea occiso, fugit in siluas et uenatibus latrociniisque uiuendo ita efferata est et huius uelocitatis et exercitii facta est, ut subito ad uicina stabula coacta inopia decurreret et rapto pecorum fetu insequentes etiam equites in celeritate uitaret. sed quodam tempore positis ad insidias ceruarum plagis capta et occisa est. cuius mortem nobilitauit eorum exitus, qui eam occiderunt; statim enim in uicinia orta contentio est, cuius fuisset haedus quem Harpalyce rapuerat, ita ut graui certamine non sine plurimis mortibus dimicaretur. postea consuetudo seruata est, ut ad tumulum uirginis populi conuenirent et propter expiationem per imaginem pugnae concurrerent. quidam hanc patrem a Getis, ut alii uolunt a Myrmidonibus captum collecta multitudine adserunt liberauisse celerius, quam de femina credi potest: unde et flumina dicitur celeritate transisse. {{sc|'''volvcrem hebrvm'''}} multum quidem laudis flumini epitheto addidit: sed falsum est; nam est quietissimus etiam cum per hiemem crescit. est autem in Thracia ante muros Cypselae ciuitatis, de locis superis Thraciae ueniens; dictus autem Hebrus ab Hebro Hemi et Rhodopes filio. {{sc|'''praevertitvr'''}} id est transit. dicimus autem et praeuertit et praeuertitur noua ratione. nam passiua declinatione utimur in actiua significatione, ut hoc loco; praeuertimur enim cum ipsi praeimus. cum autem actiua declinatio est passiuam habet significationem, ut 'ille me praeuertit'. alii 'praeuertitur' sic positum uolunt, ut &quot;bellantur Amazones&quot; pro praeuertit et bellant. 

{{ancora+|318|[[Aeneis/Liber I#318|318.]]}} {{sc|'''namqve vmeris de more'''}}  ut ostendatur esse uenatrix. de more uenantum scilicet. {{sc|'''habilem'''}} aptum sexui. unusquisque enim arcum habet pro uiribus suis. {{sc|'''venatrix'''}} similis uenatrici, id est quasi uenatrix, ut &quot;at medias inter caedes exultat Amazon&quot;. {{sc|'''comam diffvndere'''}} ut diffunderetur. Graeca autem figura est. sic alibi &quot;et argenti magnum dat ferre talentum&quot; et &quot;tu das epulis accumbere diuum&quot;: unde 'da bibere' usus obtinuit, quod facere non debemus, ne duo uerba iungamus, nisi in poemate. 


{{ancora+|320|[[Aeneis/Liber I#320|320.]]}} {{sc|'''nvda genv'''}}  nudum genu habens, ut si dicas 'bonus animum'. et est Graeca figura, sed non ea quam diximus fieri per participium praeteriti temporis et casum accusatiuum; haec enim per nomen fit: quamuis ad unam significationem recurrant. {{sc|'''sinvs collecta'''}} ut &quot;oculos suffusa&quot;. 

{{ancora+|321|[[Aeneis/Liber I#321|321.]]}} {{sc|'''ac prior'''}}  paulo post sequitur 'inquit'. {{sc|'''hevs'''}} nunc aduerbium uocantis est, alias interiectio dolentis, ut &quot;heus etiam mensas consumimus, inquit Iulus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|322|[[Aeneis/Liber I#322|322.]]}} {{sc|'''errantem'''}} inuestigantem, quia uenatores cum uestigant quasi uidentur errare. {{sc|'''sororvm'''}} non tamquam nota sit illis soror, sed ut est in consuetudine. 

{{ancora+|323|[[Aeneis/Liber I#323|323.]]}} {{sc|'''svccinctam'''}} instructam, uel ut alii dicunt in cingulo habentem pharetram, ut plerique. {{sc|'''macvlosae lyncis'''}} epitheta tribus modis ponuntur, aut laudandi aut demonstrandi aut uituperandi. hic 'maculosae' demonstrandi est. sane Lyncus rex Scythiae fuit, qui missum a Cerere Triptolemum, ut hominibus frumenta monstraret, susceptum hospitio, ut in se gloria tanta migraret, interimere cogitauit. ob quam rem irata Ceres eum conuertit in lyncem, feram uarii coloris, ut ipse uariae mentis extiterat. et erit nominatiuus haec lynx, ut Pan Tros, quae in genetiuo una syllaba crescunt. 

{{ancora+|324|[[Aeneis/Liber I#324|324.]]}} {{sc|'''spvmantis'''}} id est spumosi, participium loco nominis positum. {{sc|'''cvrsvm clamore prementem'''}} plerumque duo diuersa in unum exitum cadunt, licet contraria significent, ut hoc loco. 'uidistis' enim etiam ad uocem pertinet, quod etiam ex Aeneae responsione colligitur. {{sc|'''prementem'''}} insequentem, ut ipse alibi &quot;ingentem clamore premes ad retia ceruum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|325|[[Aeneis/Liber I#325|325.]]}} {{sc|'''orsvs'''}} nunc coepit, alias finiit, ut &quot;sic Iuppiter orsus&quot;. sed illic proprie posuit, hic usurpatum est; praeteritum enim est participium. 

{{ancora+|326|[[Aeneis/Liber I#326|326.]]}} {{sc|'''avdita neqve visa'''}}  hinc probatur quia superius haec interrogauerat Venus. sane quidam 'audita' ad illud responsum uolunt 'clamore prementem'; ⟨ut⟩ ad 'uidistis si quam' 'neque uisa' responderit. 

{{ancora+|327|[[Aeneis/Liber I#327|327.]]}} {{sc|'''o qvam te'''}}  quae dea sit dubitat, nam deam esse confidit. ergo hic o dubitatiua, alias optatiua. &quot;adsis, o Tegeaee, fauens&quot;. 

{{ancora+|328|[[Aeneis/Liber I#328|328.]]}} {{sc|'''vox hominem sonat'''}}  Graeca figura est. {{sc|'''o dea certe'''}} hic o distinguendum, ut post inferat 'dea certe' confirmans opinionem suam. et conclusio est syllogismi, qui constat ex propositione, adsumptione, conclusione. nam si nec uox nec uultus mortales sunt, restat ut dea sit. 

{{ancora+|329|[[Aeneis/Liber I#329|329.]]}} {{sc|'''an phoebi soror'''}}  Diana; nam uenatrix est. bene autem suspicatur pro loco et qualitate habitus personaeque. perite autem poeta dicendo 'an Phoebi soror' uidetur de nomine Apollinis dubitare. constat enim hunc deum a diuersis gentibus uel ciuitatibus diuersis nominibus appellari secundum genera beneficiorum, quae uario diuinitatis genere praestare consueuit. cui deo sagittas datas uolunt, quia ut uis morbi ita hoc telum sit occultum. hunc tamen deum et ad uberum custodiam et ad diuinationem et ad medicinam et ad res urbanas, quae placidae sunt, et ad bella pertinere longinqua: cui laurum ideo sacratam, quia haec arbor suffimentis purgationibusque adhibeatur, ut ostendatur nullum templum eius nisi purum ingredi debere. cautum enim est, ne sacerdos eius domum ingrediatur, in qua ante quintam diem funus fuerit. quidam tamen 'an' pro siue antique dictum uolunt. non nulli coniunctionem mutatam adserunt pro 'aut Phoebi soror aut Nympharum sanguinis una'. alii 'an' coniunctionem disiunctiuam uolunt, ut Sallustius &quot;perrexere in Hispaniam, an Sardiniam&quot;. {{sc|'''an nympharvm sangvinis'''}} generis. 


{{ancora+|330|[[Aeneis/Liber I#330|330.]]}} {{sc|'''sis felix'''}}  propitia. felix enim dicitur et qui habet felicitatem et qui facit esse felicem, ut in bucolicis &quot;sis bonus o felixque tuis&quot;. unde et contra Iuno in septimo dicit &quot;quae potui infelix&quot;, id est aduersa Troianis. {{sc|'''sis felix'''}} hoc est felicitatem praestes uel felix mihi. e contrario &quot;et monstrum infelix &quot;et &quot;infelix uates&quot;. {{sc|'''leves'''}} leuem facias, ut &quot;leuat ipse tridenti&quot;. {{sc|'''qvaecvmqve'''}} seu Diana, seu nympha. 

{{ancora+|331|[[Aeneis/Liber I#331|331.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo svb caelo'''}}  aut sub qua parte caeli, aut secundum Epicureos dixit, qui plures uolunt esse caelos, ut Cicero in Hortensio. {{sc|'''tandem'''}} hoc loco uacat 'tandem'. sciendum sane multas particulas ad ornatum pertinere tantummodo, ut puta 'dum' 'gentium' 'locorum' 'terrarum'. aut 'tandem doceas', quia uix hoc quoque contigit. aut 'tandem' pro expletiua particula est. 

{{ancora+|332|[[Aeneis/Liber I#332|332.]]}} {{sc|'''hominvmqve locorvmqve'''}}  g-hupermetros uersus, unam enim plus habet syllabam: qui quotiens fit, debet sequens uersus a uocali incipere, ut hoc loco, item &quot;omnia Mercurio similis, uocemque coloremque et crines flauos&quot;; nisi forte synizesis fiat in fine, id est uocalium collisio, ut est &quot;nec cura peculi&quot;. hic enim non est necesse ut sequens uersus a uocali incipiat. 

{{ancora+|334|[[Aeneis/Liber I#334|334.]]}} {{sc|'''hostia dextra'''}}  hostiae dicuntur sacrificia quae ab his fiunt qui in hostem pergunt, uictimae uero sacrificia quae post uictoriam fiunt. sed haec licenter confundit auctoritas. 

{{ancora+|335|[[Aeneis/Liber I#335|335.]]}} {{sc|'''eqvidem'''}} nunc 'ego quidem' significat, alias expletiua particula est. {{sc|'''tali me dignor honore'''}} id est sacrificio. et aut uult se probare non numen, sed uirginem Tyriam; aut certe quia Paphiae Veneri quae Cypri colitur, ture tantum sacrificatur et floribus; quia ait &quot;ubi templum illi centumque Sabaeo thure calent arae, sertisque recentibus halant&quot;. HAVD EQUIDEM T- M- D- H- ideo non amplectitur sacrificium, ut diutius lateat. {{sc|'''dignor'''}} dignam me iudico, ut &quot;coniugio Anchisa Veneris dignate superbo&quot;, id est digne habite. 

{{ancora+|337|[[Aeneis/Liber I#337|337.]]}} {{sc|'''pvrpvreo'''}} aut pulchro aut russati coloris. {{sc|'''svras vincire cotvrno'''}} coturni sunt calciamenta etiam uenatoria, crura quoque uincientia, quorum quiuis utrique aptus est pedi. ideo et numero usus est singulari. 

{{ancora+|338|[[Aeneis/Liber I#338|338.]]}} {{sc|'''pvnica regna vides'''}}  ad illud &quot;'et quo sub caelo tandem&quot;'. quidam 'uides' pro uisurus es accipiunt; nam quemadmodum in media silua urbem uidet et Tyrios? {{sc|'''pvnica regna vides'''}} his attentum facit Aeneam. {{sc|'''tyrios'''}} nihil interest utrum Tyrios an Sidonios dicat. ut diximus enim nomina de uicino mutuantur. {{sc|'''agenoris vrbem'''}} quam fecerunt Agenoridae. Agenor autem, Neptuni et Libyae filius, rex Phoenices fuit, de cuius genere originem Dido ducebat. et sic dictum est, ut &quot;et tandem Euboicis Cumarum adlabitur oris&quot;, id est ad Cumas, quas fecerunt hi qui de Chalcide uenerant, ciuitate Euboeae. 

{{ancora+|339|[[Aeneis/Liber I#339|339.]]}} {{sc|'''sed fines libyci'''}}  ante dicta dubia esse potuerunt, nunc aperte regionem ostendit dicendo Libycos fines. Tyrii enim et alibi esse potuerunt. {{sc|'''intractabile'''}} insuperabile, asperum, saeuum. {{sc|'''sed fines libyci'''}} amouit suspicionem, ne putaret se in Tyrum uenisse. 


{{ancora+|340|[[Aeneis/Liber I#340|340.]]}} {{sc|'''dido'''}} uero nomine Elissa ante dicta est, sed post interitum a Poenis Dido appellata, id est uirago Punica lingua, quod cum a suis sociis cogeretur cuicumque de Afris regibus nubere et prioris mariti caritate teneretur, forti se animo et interfecerit et in pyram iecerit, quam se ad expiandos prioris mariti manes extruxisse fingebat. 

{{ancora+|341|[[Aeneis/Liber I#341|341.]]}} {{sc|'''germanvm fvgiens'''}}  hoc loco quasi stupuit Aeneas; de germani enim appellatione fuerat facta maior inuidia: unde auditoris auiditati praescribit Venus dicens longam esse iniuriam, id est causam, ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit, ut supra &quot;spem uultu simulat&quot;. {{sc|'''longa est inivria'''}} longa narratio iniuriae. 

{{ancora+|342|[[Aeneis/Liber I#342|342.]]}} {{sc|'''longae ambages'''}}  id est circuitus. hoc est ambages narrationis. {{sc|'''fastigia'''}} summae partes aedificiorum dicuntur, sed modo primordia, quia scit longam esse historiam Carthaginis, ut Sallustius &quot;sed de Carthagine silere melius puto, quam parum dicere&quot;. 

{{ancora+|343|[[Aeneis/Liber I#343|343.]]}} {{sc|'''hvic conivnx sychaevs erat'''}}  quotiens poeta aspera inuenit nomina uel in metro non stantia, aut mutat ea aut de his aliquid mutilat. nam Sychaeus Sicarbas dictus est; Belus, Didonis pater, Mettes; Carthago a cartha, ut lectum est et in historia Poenorum et in Liuio. sane Sychaeus Sy breuis est per naturam; sed hoc loco ectasin fecit ea licentia quae est in propriis nominibus. licet enim in quauis proprii nominis parte syllabae mutare naturam: quod et in appellatiuis euenit, si tamen de propriis originem ducant, ut &quot;Sicanio praetenta sinu&quot;, quia uenit a Sicano rege Siciliae. {{sc|'''ditissimvs agri'''}} ueteres addebant cuius rei diues, ut &quot;diues equum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|344|[[Aeneis/Liber I#344|344.]]}} {{sc|'''miserae'''}} datiuus est, non aduerbium. 

{{ancora+|345|[[Aeneis/Liber I#345|345.]]}} {{sc|'''cvi pater intactam dederat'''}}  argumentum amoris. 

{{ancora+|346|[[Aeneis/Liber I#346|346.]]}} {{sc|'''primis ominibvs'''}}  uel prosperis et secundis auguriis uel primariis, ut aliis uerbis repetierit 'cui pater intactam dederat'. {{sc|'''ominibvs'''}} auguriis. et secundum Romanos locutus est, qui nihil nisi captatis faciebant auguriis, et praecipue nuptias. Lucanus &quot;contentique auspice Bruto&quot;. Iuuenalis &quot;ueniet cum signatoribus auspex&quot;. {{sc|'''tyri'''}} aduerbium est. 

{{ancora+|347|[[Aeneis/Liber I#347|347.]]}} {{sc|'''scelere ante alios immanior omnes qvos inter medios venit fvror'''}}  iunge totum: nam aliter non procedit, si segreges 'quos inter medios uenit furor', cum ipse dicat, licet simulatas, fuisse tamen amicitias, simul namque sacrificabant: ac si diceret, sceleratior Atreo et Thyeste, uel Eteocle et Polynice. multi 'inmanior' ad furorem, non ad Pygmalionem referunt. ordo autem est 'inter quos medios'. 

{{ancora+|348|[[Aeneis/Liber I#348|348.]]}} {{sc|'''ille sychaevm'''}}  hoc loco secundum naturam posuit. 

{{ancora+|349|[[Aeneis/Liber I#349|349.]]}} {{sc|'''impivs ante aras'''}}  probauit impium, qui ante aras. et singula pronuntianda. 


{{ancora+|350|[[Aeneis/Liber I#350|350.]]}} {{sc|'''clam'''}} quidam ad sororem referri putant. {{sc|'''secvrvs amorvm germanae'''}} aut contemnens, id est neglegens, non curans amores sororis, ut &quot;securi pelagi atque mei&quot;, id est contemptores: aut certe securus erat de amore germanae circa maritum nimio, ob quem se post mortem Sychaei interimere posse credebatur; nec enim sequitur, ut occiso Sychaeo ipse statim potiretur auri, nisi etiam Dido periret. 'amores' autem plurali numero ad uoluptatem pertinent, ut &quot;securus amorum, qui iuuenum tibi semper erant&quot;, singulari etiam ad religionem. 

{{ancora+|351|[[Aeneis/Liber I#351|351.]]}} {{sc|'''aegram'''}} maestam, anxiam. 

{{ancora+|352|[[Aeneis/Liber I#352|352.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta malvs simvlans vana spe lvsit amantem'''}}  quia dicebat absentem, quem constabat occisum. atqui legimus &quot;quis fallere possit amantem?&quot; sed hic nimia Pygmalionis ostenditur malitia, quae etiam amantem fefellit. {{sc|'''vana spe'''}} quia dicebat eum reuerti. {{sc|'''lvsit'''}} decepit. 

{{ancora+|353|[[Aeneis/Liber I#353|353.]]}} {{sc|'''in somnis'''}}  si ab eo quod est somnium, synizesis est, ut peculi pro peculii; si autem a somno uenit, 'in somnis', id est dum somnos caperet. {{sc|'''imago'''}} g-to g-eidohlon. 

{{ancora+|355|[[Aeneis/Liber I#355|355.]]}} {{sc|'''crvdelis aras'''}}  epitheton hoc de causa est, nam arae piae sunt. 

{{ancora+|356|[[Aeneis/Liber I#356|356.]]}} {{sc|'''nvdavit'''}} indicauit: unde contra in sexto habemus &quot;et uulnera dira tegentem&quot;, hoc est celantem. quid enim tegeret undique truncatus? {{sc|'''retexit'''}} ecce hic planius quid sit 'nudauit' ostendit. {{sc|'''caecvmqve domvs scelvs omne retexit'''}} utrum ad praeteritum hoc refertur, an ut quibusdam uidetur, quod ipsam Didonem parabat occidere? nam ideo et fugam suadere uisus est. 

{{ancora+|357|[[Aeneis/Liber I#357|357.]]}} {{sc|'''celerare fvgam'''}}  celeriter abire, ut dicimus 'cursum celero'. {{sc|'''svadet'''}} secundum naturam duae sunt syllabae, sed multi trisyllabum putant. quod etiam si inueniatur, solutio dicenda est, quo modo dicimus aena et aena. hoc autem solum huiusce modi uerbum in Latino inuenitur. 

{{ancora+|358|[[Aeneis/Liber I#358|358.]]}} {{sc|'''reclvdit'''}} ad opinionem somni recludere uidetur, ut &quot;aeternumque adytis effert penetralibus ignem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|359|[[Aeneis/Liber I#359|359.]]}} {{sc|'''thesavros'''}} hoc nomen 'n' non habet, sicut Atlas, gigas, Thoas, Abas, Pallas, licet in obliquis casibus inueniatur; sicut nec formosus, quia deriuatum est a forma, ut a specie speciosus, ab odio odiosus, a genere generosus, ab scelere scelerosus. {{sc|'''ignotvm argenti pondvs et avri'''}} aut quod ignorabat Dido, aut certe ad magnitudinem pertinet, id est tantum quantum nullus umquam nouit. 


{{ancora+|360|[[Aeneis/Liber I#360|360.]]}} {{sc|'''his commota'''}}  supra dictis omnibus. 

{{ancora+|361|[[Aeneis/Liber I#361|361.]]}} {{sc|'''qvibvs avt odivm crvdele tyranni avt metvs acer erat'''}}  oderant laesi, metuebant laedendi, hoc est qui timebant, ne laederentur: unde est illud in quarto &quot;et quos Sidonia uix urbe reuelli&quot;, quia non uoluntate, sed aut odio aut timore conuenerant. {{sc|'''odivm crvdele tyranni'''}} id est crudelis tyranni, et figura est; nam in tyrannum odium iustum est. 

{{ancora+|362|[[Aeneis/Liber I#362|362.]]}} {{sc|'''naves qvae forte paratae'''}}  id est erant. 

{{ancora+|363|[[Aeneis/Liber I#363|363.]]}} {{sc|'''pygmalionis opes'''}}  quas Pygmalion iam suas putabat: unde est in quarto &quot;ulta uirum&quot;. quae enim auaro maior poena, quam pecuniam propter quam deliquerat perdere? remoue hoc, et falsum est &quot;ulta uirum&quot;. sciendum autem quod clam tangit historiam. moris enim erat, ut de pecunia publica Phoenices misso a rege auro de peregrinis frumenta conueherent. Dido autem a Pygmalione ad hunc usum paratas naues abstulerat: quam cum fugientem a fratre missi sequerentur, aurum illa praecipitauit in mare, qua re uisa sequentes reuersi sunt. licet et alio ordine historia ista narratur. {{sc|'''dvx femina facti'''}} pronuntiandum quasi mirum. 

{{ancora+|365|[[Aeneis/Liber I#365|365.]]}} {{sc|'''devenere locos'''}}  'ad' minus est. {{sc|'''svrgentem'''}} erigentem se, ut &quot;surgentem in cornua ceruum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|366|[[Aeneis/Liber I#366|366.]]}} {{sc|'''novae carthaginis'''}}  Carthago enim est lingua Poenorum noua ciuitas, ut docet Liuius. 

{{ancora+|367|[[Aeneis/Liber I#367|367.]]}} {{sc|'''mercatiqve solvm'''}} , {{sc|'''facti de nomine byrsam'''}} adpulsa ad Libyam Dido cum ab Hiarba pelleretur, petit callide, ut emeret tantum terrae, quantum posset corium bouis tenere. itaque corium in fila propemodum sectum tetendit occupauitque stadia uiginti duo: quam rem leuiter tangit Vergilius dicendo 'facti de nomine Byrsam' et non 'tegere', sed 'circumdare'. {{sc|'''facti de nomine'''}} id est de causae qualitate, quia byrsa Graece g-corium dicitur. dicendo ergo 'circumdare', ostendit corrigiam de corio factam. 

{{ancora+|368|[[Aeneis/Liber I#368|368.]]}} {{sc|'''tergo'''}} pro tergore. 

{{ancora+|369|[[Aeneis/Liber I#369|369.]]}} {{sc|'''sed vos qvi tandem'''}} ? uacat hoc loco 'tandem', uel ut aliis uidetur expletiua coniunctio, ut &quot;et quo sub caelo tandem&quot;, ubi 'tandem' pro tamen accipiunt. et est naturalis interrogatio qui estis? unde estis? quo itis? sic ipse in octauo licet mutato ordine &quot;quo tenditis, inquit? qui genus? unde domo?&quot; 


{{ancora+|371|[[Aeneis/Liber I#371|371.]]}} {{sc|'''imoqve trahens a pectore vocem'''}}  deest 'dixit'. et quotiens longe respondet, parenthesis est; quotiens nusquam, ellipsis dicitur, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|372|[[Aeneis/Liber I#372|372.]]}} {{sc|'''o dea'''}}  perseuerat in opinione sua, ita tamen, ut et illius orationi aliquando concedat: nam paulo post ait 'si uestras forte per aures Troiae nomen iit'. aut certe illud est, quia superius dixerat 'an nympharum sanguinis una', quae non omnia sciunt; {{sc|'''ab origine'''}} a raptu Helenae. {{sc|'''pergam'''}} perseuerem, hoc est uniuersa dicam. 

{{ancora+|373|[[Aeneis/Liber I#373|373.]]}} {{sc|'''annales'''}} inter historiam et annales hoc interest: historia est eorum temporum quae uel uidimus uel uidere potuimus, dicta g-apo g-tou g-historein, id est uidere; annales uero sunt eorum temporum, quae aetas nostra non nouit: unde Liuius ex annalibus et historia constat. haec tamen confunduntur licenter, ut hoc loco pro historia inquit 'annales'. ita autem annales conficiebantur: tabulam dealbatam quotannis pontifex maximus habuit, in qua praescriptis consulum nominibus et aliorum magistratuum digna memoratu notare consueuerat domi militiaeque terra marique gesta per singulos dies. cuius diligentiae annuos commentarios in octoginta libros ueteres retulerunt, eosque a pontificibus maximis a quibus fiebant annales maximos appellarunt: unde quidam ideo dictum ab Aenea 'annales' aiunt, quod et ipse religiosus sit et a poeta tum pontifex inducatur. 

{{ancora+|374|[[Aeneis/Liber I#374|374.]]}} {{sc|'''clavso'''}} more poetico, qui dicunt caelum per noctem claudi, aperiri per diem: unde est &quot;porta tonat caeli&quot; et &quot;considunt tectis bipatentibus&quot;. {{sc|'''componet'''}} finiet, ut &quot;oblato gaudens componi foedere bellum&quot; et &quot;⟨non⟩ nostrum inter uos tantas conponere lites&quot;. alibi pro disponere, ut &quot;nec conponere opes norant&quot;, alibi pro coniungere, ut &quot;conponens manibusque manus&quot;, alibi pro conparare, ut &quot;sic paruis conponere magna solebam&quot;, alibi pro fundare, ut &quot;nunc placida conpostus&quot;. {{sc|'''vesper'''}} proprie stella est, cum autem 'uesperi' dicimus, aduerbium temporis est. et sciendum quia omnia nomina, quae de Graecis in -os exeuntibus ad nos transeunt, apud nos aut in us tantum exeunt, ut {{sc|'''deloc'''}} delus, aut in er, ut g-agros ager, aut in utrumque, ut g-Euandros Euandrus Euander 

{{ancora+|375|[[Aeneis/Liber I#375|375.]]}} {{sc|'''troia antiqva'''}}  nobili, uenerabili, more suo: alibi &quot;terra antiqua&quot;, id est nobilis; nec enim esse poterat noua. item &quot;templa dei saxo uenerabar structa uetusto&quot;. aut certe cara, et hoc ideo, quia dixit 'quibus aut uenistis ab oris'. {{sc|'''si vestras forte per avres'''}} cum apud deam sciat se loqui, cur ait 'si uestras per aures'? et 'forte' hic aliqua ratione. 

{{ancora+|377|[[Aeneis/Liber I#377|377.]]}} {{sc|'''forte sva'''}}  casu suo, id est quo solet. 'forte' autem nomen est a nominatiuo fors, ut Terentius &quot;fors fuat pol&quot;. ipse alibi &quot;quoniam fors omnia uersat&quot;. {{sc|'''libycis'''}} iam scit; audiuit enim 'sed fines Libyci'. {{sc|'''appvlit oris'''}} figura supra dicta. 

{{ancora+|378|[[Aeneis/Liber I#378|378.]]}} {{sc|'''svm pivs aeneas'''}}  non est hoc loco arrogantia, sed indicium. nam scientibus aliquid de se dicere arrogantia est, ignotis indicium. aut certe heroum secutus est morem, quibus quam mentiri turpe fuerat, tam uera reticere. denique Vlixes in Homero ait suam famam ad caelum usque uenisse: unde et iste 'fama super aethera notus'. aut certe uetuste pietatem pro religione posuit. Sallustius in Catilina &quot;uerum illi delubra deum pietate, domus suas gloria decorabant&quot;. Plautus in Pseudolo &quot;non potest pietati obsisti huic ututi res sunt ceterae, deos quidem, quos maxime est aequum metuere, eos minimi facit&quot;. sane 'pius' potest esse et purus et innocens et omni carens scelere. piare enim antiqui purgare dicebant; inde etiam piamina, quibus expurgant homines, et qui purgati non sunt impii. {{sc|'''raptos qvi ex hoste penates'''}} hoc est sum pius. {{sc|'''ex hoste penates'''}} optima locutio est, plusque significat de pluralitate ad singularitatem transire, ut 'uenor multis canibus' et 'multa cane'. ut Horatius &quot;aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane apros in obstantes plagas&quot;. sane de diis penatibus licet uarias opiniones secutus sit Vergilius, omnes tamen diuersis locis complexus est: nam alii, ut Nigidius et Labeo, deos penates Aeneae Neptunum et Apollinem tradunt, quorum mentio fit &quot;taurum Neptuno, taurum tibi, pulcher Apollo&quot;. Varro deos penates quaedam sigilla lignea uel marmorea ab Aenea in Italiam dicit aduecta, cuius rei ita Vergilius meminit &quot;effigies sacrae diuum Phrygiique penates, quos mecum a Troia mediisque ex ignibus urbis extuleram&quot;. idem Varro hos deos Dardanum ex Samothraca in Phrygiam, de Phrygia Aeneam in Italiam memorat portauisse. alii autem, ut Cassius Hemina, dicunt deos penates ex Samothraca appellatos g-theous g-megalous, g-theous g-dunatous, g-theous g-chrehstous. quorum diuersis locis ita meminit &quot;natoque penatibus et magnis dis&quot;, hoc est g-theous g-megalous, et iterum &quot;Iunonis magnae primum. dominamque potentem&quot; g-tous g-dunatous, et &quot;bona Iuno&quot; g-tous g-chrehstous. ecce ergo diuersis locis omnia tria conplexus, quae omnia locis suis dicentur. 


{{ancora+|380|[[Aeneis/Liber I#380|380.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam qvaero'''}}  hoc loco distinguendum est; nam si iunxeris 'patriam', non procedit. patria enim, id est ciuitas, in prouincia esse potest, non tamen ut ipsa prouincia patria sit: licet in Sallustio lectum sit &quot;Hispaniam sibi antiquam patriam esse&quot;; sed illic ad laudem pertinet, non ad ueritatem. tria ergo dicit: prouinciam quaero, hoc est 'Italiam'; 'patriam', hoc est Corythum, Tusciae ciuitatem, unde Dardanus fuit; 'genus ab Ioue' ideo, quia ex Electra et Ioue Dardanus Iasiusque nati sunt, Dardanus autem auctor est Troiae. et bene ad tria interrogata respondet, qui esset, unde uenisset, quo tenderet. alibi de ipsa Italia Aeneas &quot;hic domus, haec patria est&quot;. melius sic distinguitur 'Italiam quaero patriam et genus ab Ioue summo': ut mihi sit Italia patria, Iouis genus efficit, propter Dardanum scilicet. 

{{ancora+|381|[[Aeneis/Liber I#381|381.]]}} {{sc|'''phrygivm aeqvor'''}}  id est Hellespontum. {{sc|'''conscendi'''}} bene 'conscendi' secundum physicos, qui dicunt terram inferiorem esse, quia omne quod continetur supra illud est quod continet: unde est &quot;humilemque uidemus Italiam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|382|[[Aeneis/Liber I#382|382.]]}} {{sc|'''matre dea monstrante viam'''}}  hoc loco per transitum tangit historiam, quam per legem artis poeticae aperte non potest ponere. nam Varro in secundo diuinarum dicit &quot;ex quo de Troia est egressus Aeneas, Veneris eum per diem cotidie stellam uidisse, donec ad agrum Laurentem ueniret, in quo eam non uidit ulterius: qua re terras cognouit esse fatales&quot;: unde Vergilius hoc loco 'matre dea monstrante uiam' et &quot;eripe, nate, fugam&quot;, item &quot;nusquam abero&quot; et &quot;descendo ac ducente deo&quot; et &quot;iamque iugis summae surgebat lucifer Idae&quot;. quam stellam Veneris esse ipse Vergilius ostendit &quot;qualis ubi Oceani perfusus Lucifer unda, quem Venus ante alios astrorum diligit ignes&quot;. quod autem diximus eum poetica arte prohiberi, ne aperte ponat historiam, certum est. Lucanus namque ideo in numero poetarum esse non meruit, quia uidetur historiam composuisse, non poema. {{sc|'''data fata secvtvs'''}} scilicet a Ioue. 

{{ancora+|383|[[Aeneis/Liber I#383|383.]]}} {{sc|'''convvlsae vndis evroqve svpersvnt'''}}  aut 'conuulsae undis Euroque', aut 'supersunt undis Euroque'. 'conuulsae' autem ideo, quia habes supra &quot;laxis laterum compagibus&quot; 

{{ancora+|384|[[Aeneis/Liber I#384|384.]]}} {{sc|'''ignotvs'''}} deest 'quasi'; nam contrarium est quod dixit 'fama super aethera notus'. facit autem hoc frequenter Vergilius, ut hanc particulam subtrahat, ut &quot;at medias inter caedes exultat Amazon&quot;, quasi Amazon; nam Vulsca fuit. {{sc|'''peragro'''}} per habet accentum; nam 'a' longa quidem est, sed non solida positione; muta enim et liquida quotiens ponuntur metrum iuuant, non accentum. 

{{ancora+|385|[[Aeneis/Liber I#385|385.]]}} {{sc|'''evropa atqve asia pvlsvs'''}}  aut orbem in tres partes diuisit et absolutum est, quia in Africa positus, quae orbis pars tertia est: aut si Europam tantum et Asiam intellegimus, ut Africa in Europa sit, inuidiose locutus est, ut supra Venus &quot;cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis&quot;, quasi cum indignatione dicat, per Troiam Asia careo, per Italiam Europa. denique non passa Venus eius interrupit querelas. sane Europa Agenoris filia, a qua pars orbis nominata est. 

{{ancora+|386|[[Aeneis/Liber I#386|386.]]}} {{sc|'''dolore est'''}}  aut narrantis Aeneae, aut certe suo dolore; aequum enim est malis filii etiam ipsam moueri. 

{{ancora+|387|[[Aeneis/Liber I#387|387.]]}} {{sc|'''qvisqvis es'''}}  pleraque per concessionem sic tradit poeta, ut augmentum faciat. sicut hoc loco audiuerat Venus 'sum pius Aeneas, fama super aethera notus' et cetera, dicit tamen 'quisquis es', hoc est, etiamsi haec in te non sint, hinc tamen constat esse felicem, quod uenisti Carthaginem. item in secundo &quot;quisquis es, amissos hinc iam obliuiscere Graios&quot;, hoc est, qualibet ratione contra nos bella susceperis. {{sc|'''havd credo invisvs caelestibvs'''}} litotes figura per contrarium significans, id est credo te esse carissimum superis: ut alibi &quot;munera nec sperno&quot;, supra &quot;mihi iussa capessere fas est&quot;. 'caelestibus' autem secundum Pythagoram et praecipue Platonem dixit, qui confirmant uiuos esse superis caros, mortuos uero inferis. unde et Vergilius de Pallante &quot;et nil iam caelestibus ullis debentem&quot;, item contra &quot;uos o mihi manes este boni, quoniam superis auersa uoluntas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|388|[[Aeneis/Liber I#388|388.]]}} {{sc|'''avras vitales carpis'''}}  quibus uiuimus. nihil est enim aliud uita, quam reciprocus spiritus: unde et Iuppiter, quo constant omnia, Zeus uocatur g-apo g-tehs g-zohes, id est uita. {{sc|'''carpis'''}} accipis modo, ut &quot;et placidam carpebant membra quietem&quot;. {{sc|'''tyriam'''}} carthaginem a colonis. {{sc|'''adveneris vrbem'''}} hysterologia ut supra, hoc est ad urbem ueneris. {{sc|'''perge modo'''}} tantummodo: hoc est, haec tibi sola sit cura, nam liberatae sunt naues. 

{{ancora+|389|[[Aeneis/Liber I#389|389.]]}} {{sc|'''perfer'''}} imperatiuus modus est, ut &quot;fer cineres Amarylli foras&quot;. 


{{ancora+|390|[[Aeneis/Liber I#390|390.]]}} {{sc|'''redvces'''}} proprie 'reduces' dicuntur qui pericula euadunt: sic infra &quot;ut reduces illi ludunt&quot;, scilicet post periculum inlatum ab aquila. 

{{ancora+|391|[[Aeneis/Liber I#391|391.]]}} {{sc|'''versis aqvilonibvs'''}}  aut speciem pro genere posuit, hoc est mutatis uentis, aut quia, postquam ad Africam iter uerterunt, aduersus ante Aquilo coepit esse prosperrimus. 

{{ancora+|392|[[Aeneis/Liber I#392|392.]]}} {{sc|'''ni frvstra avgvrivm vani docvere parentes'''}}  hoc ad confirmandum errorem Aeneae dixit, ne diuinando dea esse crederetur. et est argumentum ad fallaciam, ne intellegat deam. quod autem dicit 'uani parentes', aut hypallage est, id est uanum augurium, ut &quot;dare classibus austros&quot; et &quot;ibant obscuri sola sub nocte&quot; pro ipsi soli per obscuram noctem; aut certe 'uani parentes' qui res falsas et inanes docent. et per hoc decipere plerumque ostendit auguria. multi uolunt ad nimium hoc amorem parentum referri, qui teneritudine affectus etiam superflua liberos docent. quidam 'uani' mendaces tradunt. Sallustius in Iugurtha &quot;nam ego quidem uellem et haec quae scribo et illa quae antea in senatu questus sum uana forent potius, quam miseria mea fidem uerbis faceret&quot;. Terentius in Phormione ubi adulescens lenonem mendacii arguit &quot;non te pudet uanitatis?&quot; 

{{ancora+|393|[[Aeneis/Liber I#393|393.]]}} {{sc|'''bis senos cycnos'''}}  cycnos nauibus comparat, aquilam tempestati. in auguriis autem considerandae sunt non solum aues, sed etiam uolatus, ut in praepetibus, et cantus, ut in oscinibus, quia nec omnes nec omnibus dant auguria: ut columbae non nisi regibus dant, quia numquam singulae uolant, sicut rex numquam solus incedit; unde in sexto &quot;maternas agnouit aues&quot; per transitum ostendit regis augurium. item cycni nullis dant nisi nautis, sicut lectum est in ornithogonia, &quot;cycnus in auguriis nautis gratissimus ales: hunc optant semper, quia numquam mergitur undis&quot;. cycnos tamen habere diuinationem etiam Cicero in Tusculanis libro primo docet &quot;ut cycni, qui non sine causa Apollini dicati sunt, sed quod ab eo diuinationem habere uideantur&quot;. {{sc|'''laetantes'''}} post periculum. {{sc|'''agmine'''}} uolatu, impetu. agmen autem apud Vergilium est cuiuslibet rei impetus, ut &quot;illi agmine certo&quot; et &quot;uocat agmina saeua sororum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|394|[[Aeneis/Liber I#394|394.]]}} {{sc|'''aetheria'''}} aether altior est aere, uicinus caelo, g-apo g-tou g-aithein, id est ardere. {{sc|'''iovis ales'''}} aquila, quae in tutela Iouis est, quia dicitur dimicanti ei contra Gigantes fulmina ministrasse: quod ideo fingitur, quia per naturam nimii est caloris, adeo ut etiam oua quibus supersidet possit coquere, nisi admoueat gagaten lapidem frigidissimum, ut testatur Lucanus &quot;feta tepefacta sub alite saxa&quot;. aut quia nec aquila nec laurus dicitur fulminari, ideo Iouis ales aquila, Iouis coronam lauream accepimus, et qui triumphant lauro coronantur. sane alites proprie dicuntur aues, quae uolatu auspicia faciunt, buteo sanqualis inmussulus aquila uulturius. sane de aquila est et alia fabula. apud Graecos legitur, puerum quendam terra editum admodum pulchrum membris omnibus fuisse, qui g-Aetos sit uocatus. hic cum Iuppiter propter patrem Saturnum, qui suos filios deuorabat, in Creta insula in Idaeo antro nutriretur, primus in obsequium Iouis se dedit, post uero cum adoleuisset Iuppiter et patrem regno pepulisset, Iuno permota forma pueri uelut paelicatus dolore eum in auem uertit, quae ab ipso g-aetos dicitur Graece, a nobis aquila propter aquilum colorem, qui ater est. quam semper Iuppiter sibi inhaerere praecipit et fulmina gestare: per hanc etiam Ganymedes cum amaretur a Ioue dicitur raptus, quos Iuppiter inter sidera collocauit. et quia aquilae haec est natura, ut solem recto lumine spectet, signum quoque aquilae, quod in caelo est, orientem semper solem uidetur adtendere. alii dicunt ab hac aui Iouem raptum et ad latebras Cretenses perlatum, cum a Saturno ubique quaereretur. ipsam etiam Ioui, cum aduersus Titanas bellum gereret, obuolasse in augurium ac statim uictoriam consecutam, et ideo inter sidera collocatam. 

{{ancora+|395|[[Aeneis/Liber I#395|395.]]}} {{sc|'''ordine longo'''}}  non nulli pro serie dictum accipiunt, nam et 'coetu cinxere polum' uidetur ad ordinem rettulisse: quamuis quidam quaerant, quomodo 'ordine', cum mox 'coetu' dicat. 

{{ancora+|396|[[Aeneis/Liber I#396|396.]]}} {{sc|'''capere'''}} eligere, ut &quot;ante locum capies oculis&quot;. {{sc|'''despectare'''}} id est electas iam intentius despicere. 

{{ancora+|397|[[Aeneis/Liber I#397|397.]]}} {{sc|'''stridentibvs alis'''}}  signum augurii est. 

{{ancora+|398|[[Aeneis/Liber I#398|398.]]}} {{sc|'''coetv'''}} dicit Plinius Secundus in naturali historia, omnes aues colli longioris aut recto ordine uolare, ut pondus capitis praecedentis cauda sustentet: unde et prima plerumque deficiens relicto loco incipit esse postrema: aut in coetu se omnes inuicem sustinere; neque enim huiusmodi aues semel ad inferiora descendunt, sed paulatim per reflexos in gyrum uolatus. hoc autem uolatu imitantur litteras quasdam: unde et Lucanus &quot;et turbata perit dispersis littera pennis&quot;. {{sc|'''cantvsqve dedere'''}} adlusit ad nautas. multi tamen adserunt cycnos inter augurales aues non inueniri neque auguralibus commentariis eorum nomen inlatum, sed in libris reconditis lectum esse, posse quamlibet auem auspicium adtestari, maxime quia non poscatur. hoc enim interest inter augurium et auspicium, quod augurium et petitur et certis auibus ostenditur, auspicium qualibet aui demonstratur et non petitur: quod ipsum tamen species augurii est. sed Vergilius amat secretiora dicere; nam totum morem augurum exsecutus est proprietate uerborum. alites enim ostendit cum ait 'stridentibus alis', oscines uero cum dicit 'et coetu cinxere polum cantusque dedere'. hoc idem et de columbis fecit; nam et haec inter augurales aues dicuntur non inueniri, et tamen ex his augurium et postulari facit et ostendi: &quot;este duces o, si qua uia est, cursumque per auras dirigite in lucos&quot; et cetera. 

{{ancora+|399|[[Aeneis/Liber I#399|399.]]}} {{sc|'''pvppesqve tvae pvbesqve tvorvm'''}}  tropus synecdoche: a parte totum significat, ut Terentius &quot;o lepidum caput&quot;, id est lepidus homo. 'pubes' autem flos iuuentutis. 


{{ancora+|400|[[Aeneis/Liber I#400|400.]]}} {{sc|'''ostia'''}} proprie ostia dicuntur exitus fluminum, sed modo abusus est, quia plerumque ostia ipsa pro portu sunt. 

{{ancora+|401|[[Aeneis/Liber I#401|401.]]}} {{sc|'''perge modo'''}}  exhortatio ad facilitatem rei. {{sc|'''dvcit via'''}} pro 'haec uia': et uidetur demonstrare. 

{{ancora+|402|[[Aeneis/Liber I#402|402.]]}} {{sc|'''avertens'''}} 'se' subaudis, hoc est cum auerteretur, ut &quot;tum prora auertit&quot;. {{sc|'''rosea'''}} pulchra. 

{{ancora+|403|[[Aeneis/Liber I#403|403.]]}} {{sc|'''ambrosiaeqve comae'''}}  aut unguento deorum oblitae, hoc est ambrosia, aut certe abusiue dixit 'diuinae comae'. {{sc|'''ambrosiaeqve comae divinvm vertice odorem'''}} est hypallage, ut sit diuinae comae ambrosiae odorem spirauere. 

{{ancora+|404|[[Aeneis/Liber I#404|404.]]}} {{sc|'''spiravere'''}} exhalauerunt. {{sc|'''vestis deflvxit'''}} quia dixit supra &quot;sinus collecta fluentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|405|[[Aeneis/Liber I#405|405.]]}} {{sc|'''vera'''}} bene 'uera' de qua ante dubitabatur. {{sc|'''incessv'''}} hoc uerbum apud Vergilium saepe pro honore ponitur, ut &quot;ast ego quae diuum incedo regina&quot; et mox &quot;forma pulcherrima Dido incessit&quot;. {{sc|'''matrem agnovit'''}} nunc matrem agnoscit; nam deam esse iam superius dixerat. 

{{ancora+|406|[[Aeneis/Liber I#406|406.]]}} {{sc|'''fvgientem'''}} celeriter abscedentem, ut alibi &quot;ad terram fugit&quot;. {{sc|'''voce'''}} pro oratione. 

{{ancora+|407|[[Aeneis/Liber I#407|407.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid natvm totiens'''}}  saepe. et aut kata to siopomenon intellegimus saepe eum esse delusum; aut certe secundum ipsum Vergilium, qui ait in secundo &quot;cum mihi se non ante oculis tam clara uidendam obtulit&quot;. multi tamen uolunt in hoc ipso loco saepe eum esse deceptum, ut in habitu, in interrogatione, in responsione, in auguriis. uel 'totiens crudelis', quotiens fallis aut dissimulas. {{sc|'''tv qvoqve'''}} sicut Iuno ceterique dii, qui Troianis inimici sunt; quos et in secundo libro ostendit, ubi ait &quot;inimicaque Troiae numina magna deum&quot;. {{sc|'''falsis lvdis imaginibvs'''}} ideo quia uirginem, quia uenatricem, quia Tyriam se dixerat. 

{{ancora+|408|[[Aeneis/Liber I#408|408.]]}} {{sc|'''cvr dextrae ivngere dextram'''}}  maiorum enim haec fuerat salutatio, cuius rei g-aition, id est causam Varro, Callimachum secutus, exposuit, adserens &quot;omnem eorum honorem dexterarum constitisse uirtute&quot;. ob quam rem hac se uenerabantur corporis parte. 

{{ancora+|409|[[Aeneis/Liber I#409|409.]]}} {{sc|'''veras avdire et reddere voces'''}} ? sunt multae reciprocae elocutiones, ut hoc loco; sunt multae unius partis utrique sufficientes, ut 'tenemur amicitiis', ridiculum enim est si addas 'mutuis', cum amicitiae utrumque significent, sicut Fronto testatur. item sunt elocutiones, quarum una pars plena est: quae si conuertantur, habent aliquid superfluum. in Sallustio &quot;in tugurio mulieris ancillae&quot;: bene addidit 'ancillae'. at si dicas 'in tugurio ancillae mulieris', erit superfluum 'mulieris'; ancilla enim et condicionem ostendit et sexum. item &quot;res erat praetoribus nota solis&quot;. hoc suffecerat. male ergo addidit &quot;ignorabatur a ceteris&quot;. quod si conuertas, nihil esse superfluum inuenitur. 


{{ancora+|410|[[Aeneis/Liber I#410|410.]]}} {{sc|'''talibvs incvsat'''}}  incusare proprie est superiorem arguere, ut in Terentio pater ad filium &quot;quid me incusas Clitipho?&quot; accusare uero uel parem uel inferiorem, ut in eodem ad maritum uxor &quot;me miseram, quae nunc quam ob causam accuser nescio&quot;. et hoc proprietatis est, licet usus male ista corrumpat. sciendum tamen est Terentium propter solam proprietatem omnibus comicis esse praepositum, quibus est quantum ad cetera spectat inferior. 

{{ancora+|411|[[Aeneis/Liber I#411|411.]]}} {{sc|'''at venvs'''}}  ordo est 'at Venus dea'. {{sc|'''obscvro aere'''}} nebula, cuius definitio est. 

{{ancora+|412|[[Aeneis/Liber I#412|412.]]}} {{sc|'''circvm dea fvdit'''}}  figura est tmesis, quae fit cum secto uno sermone aliquid interponimus, ut alibi &quot;septem subiecta trioni&quot;. sed hoc tolerabile est in sermone conposito, ceterum in simplici nimis est asperum; quod tamen faciebat antiquitas, ut &quot;saxo cere comminuit brum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|413|[[Aeneis/Liber I#413|413.]]}} {{sc|'''cernere ne qvis eos'''}}  causa cur fecerit. ex hoc enim pendent cetera quae sequuntur. 

{{ancora+|414|[[Aeneis/Liber I#414|414.]]}} {{sc|'''moliri'''}} hic pro struere posuit et per hoc facere, ut infra &quot;molirique arcem&quot;. {{sc|'''avt veniendi poscere cavsas'''}} scilicet ne saepe narrando crebrum patiatur dolorem. unde melius ad Aeneam refertur &quot;medio sic interfata dolore est&quot;. 'poscere' autem nunc inquirere, alias petere. et praeponitur magis accusatiuo casui, dicimus enim posco magistrum lectionem, non a magistro posco. 

{{ancora+|415|[[Aeneis/Liber I#415|415.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa paphvm'''}}  ciuitatem Cypri. et non sine ratione est quod in decimo libro plura sibi loca grata uel sacrata commemoret, hic ad Paphum solam abisse dicatur, quia Varro et plures referunt in hoc tantum templo Veneris quibusuis maximis in circuitu pluuiis numquam inpluere. {{sc|'''svblimis'''}} diuino incessu. {{sc|'''svblimis'''}} id est sublimiter, nomen pro aduerbio. 

{{ancora+|416|[[Aeneis/Liber I#416|416.]]}} {{sc|'''laeta'''}} ecce proprium Veneris epitheton. uel 'laeta', quia tectum nebula filium in tuto habebat, uel quod insulam suam repetat; uel ideo Paphum reuisit laeta, quia serenis laeta congruunt, et necesse est ut laeta sit Venus ubi semper serenum est, quippe ubi pluere numquam dicatur. {{sc|'''sabaeo'''}} arabico. Arabiae autem tres sunt, inferior petrodes eudemon, in qua populi sunt Sabaei, apud quos nascitur tus. dicti autem Sabaei g-apo g-tou g-sebein, id est uenerari, quod deos per ipsorum tura ueneramur. 

{{ancora+|417|[[Aeneis/Liber I#417|417.]]}} {{sc|'''tvre calent arae sertisqve recentibvs halant'''}}  ecce unde supra dixit &quot;haud equidem tali me dignor honore&quot;, quia Aeneas hostias obtulerat, quarum hic mentio non fit. quod autem 'recentibus' dixit laus loci est, qui semper flore uestitur, ut omni tempore Veneri flores praesto esse uideantur. {{sc|'''sertis'''}} sertum et serta cum nihil adicitur dicimus, ut hoc loco: item alibi expressius &quot;serta procul, tantum capiti delapsa, iacebant&quot;. si autem sertos dixero, addo flores, si sertas, addo coronas, ut Lucanus &quot;accipiunt sertas nardo florente coronas&quot;. et hoc in multis nominibus obseruandum est, ut genus ex adiectione formetur: qua detracta in neutrum cedat necesse est, ut piscinalis locus, piscinalis cella, piscinale; sagmarius mulus, sagmaria mula, sagmarium. {{sc|'''halant'''}} pro olent. 

{{ancora+|418|[[Aeneis/Liber I#418|418.]]}} {{sc|'''corripvere viam'''}}  deest 'at illi'. {{sc|'''corripvere viam'''}} officium eundi celeriter arripuerunt; nec enim uia corripitur. 

{{ancora+|419|[[Aeneis/Liber I#419|419.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi plvrimvs'''}}  ex maxima parte urbi inminens. {{sc|'''qvi plvrimvs'''}} id est longus, ut ipse alio loco &quot;cui plurima ceruix&quot;, item &quot;cum se nux plurima&quot;, id est amygdala; longa namque est. 


{{ancora+|420|[[Aeneis/Liber I#420|420.]]}} {{sc|'''aspectat'''}} est ornatus cum animantur apsucha. {{sc|'''aspectat'''}} rei insensibili dat sensum. unde est illud in quarto de Atlante. item Sallustius &quot;Lyciae Pisidiaeque agros despectantem&quot;. {{sc|'''arces'''}} ciuitates, a parte totum. 

{{ancora+|421|[[Aeneis/Liber I#421|421.]]}} {{sc|'''miratvr molem aeneas'''}}  hoc ad ipsum refertur, {{sc|'''magalia qvondam'''}} hoc ad poetam; nec enim hoc nouit Aeneas. 'magalia' uero antistoechon est; nam debuit magaria dicere, quia magar, non magal Poenorum lingua uillam significat. Cato originum quarto &quot;magalia aedificia quasi cohortes rotundas&quot; dicit. alii magalia casas Poenorum pastorales dicunt. de his Sallustius &quot;quae mapalia&quot; sunt circumiecta ciuitati suburbana aedificia magalia. et alii Cassius Hemina docet ita &quot;Sinuessae magalia addenda murumque circum ea&quot;. 

{{ancora+|422|[[Aeneis/Liber I#422|422.]]}} {{sc|'''miratvr portas strepitvmqve e'''}} - S- V- quidam hoc 'portas et uias magalia quondam miratur' non simpliciter dictum uolunt, quoniam prudentes Etruscae disciplinae aiunt apud conditores Etruscarum urbium non putatas iustas urbes, in quibus non tres portae essent dedicatae et tot uiae et tot templa, Iouis Iunonis Mineruae. bene ergo miratur Aeneas, ubi fuerant magalia illic esse legitimam ciuitatem; nam et portas et uias uidebat et mox templum Iunoni ingens. {{sc|'''strata viarvm'''}} primi enim Poeni uias lapidibus strauisse dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|423|[[Aeneis/Liber I#423|423.]]}} {{sc|'''ardentes'''}} multi 'festinantes', ut &quot;iuuenum manus emicat ardens&quot; et &quot;ardet abire fuga&quot; et &quot;Laocoon ardens&quot;; sic enim dicit quotiens properantes uult ostendere: alii ardentes 'ingeniosi' accipiunt; nam per contrarium segnem, id est sine igni, ingenio carentem dicimus: unde et a Graeco uenit catus, id est ingeniosus g-apo g-tou g-kaiesthai. {{sc|'''dvcere mvros'''}} exaedificare. {{sc|'''dvcere mvros'''}} hoc est construendo in longitudinem producere; proprie enim cum aedificantur muri duci dicuntur. Sallustius historiarum II. &quot;murum ab angulo dexteri lateris ad paludem haud procul remotam duxit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|424|[[Aeneis/Liber I#424|424.]]}} {{sc|'''moliriqve arcem'''}}  molibus factis extollere. {{sc|'''moliri'''}} est extruere, huic contrarium demoliri. {{sc|'''et manibvs svbvolvere saxa'''}} cur manibus? an quia adhuc machinae non erant? an ad construentium festinationem referre uoluit? 

{{ancora+|425|[[Aeneis/Liber I#425|425.]]}} {{sc|'''optare'''}} eligere, ut &quot;tuus o regina quid optes&quot;. et &quot;optauitque locum regno&quot;. {{sc|'''tecto'''}} ad tectum nota figura. {{sc|'''svlco'''}} fossa: ciuitas enim, non domus circumdatur sulco: ut alibi &quot;ausim uel tenui uitem committere sulco&quot;. {{sc|'''svlco'''}} fossa fundamentorum. 

{{ancora+|426|[[Aeneis/Liber I#426|426.]]}} {{sc|'''legvnt'''}} eligunt. {{sc|'''ivra'''}} id est loca ubi iura dicantur aut magistratus creentur. et bene post conditam ciuitatem addidit 'iura' et 'magistratus' 'sanctumque senatum'. legitur apud quosdam, Brutum eos qui se in eiciendis regibus iuuissent legisse in consilium, eumque ordinem senatum appellatum, quod una sensissent, quod patricii essent, patres conscriptos. alii patres a plebe in consilium senatus separatos tradunt, alii conscriptos qui post a Seruio Tullio e plebe electi sunt. alii senatum a senectute hominum, quibi allecti erant, dictum uolunt, qui apud Graecos g-gerousia appellatur. 'sanctum' autem ideo quia senatus sanctissimus ordo dicitur. 

{{ancora+|427|[[Aeneis/Liber I#427|427.]]}} {{sc|'''portvs effodivnt'''}}  id est Cothona faciunt. {{sc|'''portvs effodivnt'''}} ut portus scilicet faciant. et uere ait, nam Carthaginienses Cothone fossa utuntur, non naturali portu. {{sc|'''alta theatri fvndamenta'''}} hinc futura magnitudo cognoscitur, quod 'alta fundamenta' ait. bene autem post res publicas priuatasque necessarias mentionem fecit theatri; aut quia ita Graecis urbs conditur, qui saepe spectaculis gaudent, aut, ut apud quosdam fuit, in honorem musicae scientiae. 

{{ancora+|428|[[Aeneis/Liber I#428|428.]]}} {{sc|'''colvmnas'''}} figurate 'columnas' 'decora' ait; diuersis enim significationibus idem dixit. et ab eo quod est hoc decus corripitur decoris. 


{{ancora+|430|[[Aeneis/Liber I#430|430.]]}} {{sc|'''qvalis apes'''}}  ordo est 'qualis labor'. {{sc|'''qvalis apes'''}} tertiae declinationis genetiuus pluralis et in 'ium' et in 'um' exit, sed tunc pro nostro arbitrio cum nominatiuus singularis 'ns' fuerit terminatus, ut amans et amantum et amantium dicimus. cum autem nominatiuus singularis 'r' fuerit terminatus, tantum in 'um' exit, ut pater patrum, murmur murmurum. reliqua uero nomina auctoritate firmamus, ut apis uel apum, uel apium. sane fabula de apibus talis est. apud Isthmon anus quaedam nomine Melissa fuit. hanc Ceres sacrorum suorum cum secreta docuisset, interminata est, ne cui ea quae didicisset aperiret; sed cum ad eam mulieres accessissent, ut ab ea primo blandimentis post precibus et praemiis elicerent, ut sibi a Cerere commissa patefaceret, atque in silentio perduraret, ab eisdem iratis mulieribus discerpta est. quam rem Ceres inmissa tam supra dictis feminis quam populo eius regionis pestilentia ulta est; de corpore uero Melissae apes nasci fecit. Latine autem g-melissa apis dicitur. {{sc|'''aestate nova'''}} incipiente, ut &quot;uere nouo&quot;. et bene 'noua', quia est et adulta et praeceps secundum Sallustium. {{sc|'''florea'''}} pro florida, ut &quot;nemora inter frondea turbam&quot;. aut florentia, nec enim de flore erant facta: floream coronam dicimus. {{sc|'''rvra'''}} graece g-aroura dicuntur. g-aphaeresis ergo sermonem fecit Latinum. 

{{ancora+|431|[[Aeneis/Liber I#431|431.]]}} {{sc|'''exercet'''}} fatigat, ut &quot;nate Iliacis exercite fatis&quot;. hoc autem participium ab exercitu, id est militum multitudine, declinatione discernimus; nam nomen quartae declinationis est, participium secundae, ut uisus, huius uisi uel uisus; passus, huius passi uel passus; auditus, huius auditi uel auditus. {{sc|'''exercet'''}} fatigat et subiecit, quibus rebus exercitae fatigentur. {{sc|'''svb sole'''}} in sole, ut &quot;namque sub ingenti lustrat dum singula templo&quot;, uel quamdiu sol est. {{sc|'''gentis fetvs'''}} ad laudem apum hoc pertinet. et bene 'gentis fetus', quia non singulae de singulis nascuntur, sed omnes ex omnibus, quod in quarto georgicorum melius intellegitur. 

{{ancora+|432|[[Aeneis/Liber I#432|432.]]}} {{sc|'''advltos edvcvnt'''}}  producunt, quia adhuc adolescunt, ut adulti fiant, non adoleuerint, ut adultos dicimus minores: et hoc sic dixit, ut &quot;inbellem auertis Romanis arcibus Indum&quot;. {{sc|'''liqventia'''}} defaecata, sine sordibus, ut &quot;nec tantum dulcia, quantum et liquida&quot;, id est pura: nam pura mella constat esse meliora. 

{{ancora+|433|[[Aeneis/Liber I#433|433.]]}} {{sc|'''stipant'''}} densent. translatio a nauibus, in quibus stipula interponitur uasis, quam stipam dicunt. {{sc|'''distendvnt'''}} implent, ut &quot;denso distendere pingui&quot;. {{sc|'''nectare'''}} melle: abusus est propter suauitatis similitudinem. {{sc|'''cellas'''}} et hic abusus est, ut fauorum cauernas uel aluearia cellas uocaret, ut alibi thesauros. traxit autem a reponendi similitudine, uel a celando, unde cellam appellauerunt. {{sc|'''agmine'''}} nunc impetu. 

{{ancora+|435|[[Aeneis/Liber I#435|435.]]}} {{sc|'''ignavvm'''}} inutile, non aptum industriae; nam industrios nauos dicimus. {{sc|'''fvcos'''}} secundum Plinium apum multa sunt genera. proprie tamen apes uocantur ortae de bubus, fuci de equis, crabrones de mulis, uespae de asinis. fucus autem est secundum Aemilium Macrum &quot;maior ape, crabrone minor&quot;. {{sc|'''pecvs'''}} dicimus omne quod humana lingua et effigie caret, id est a pascendo. unde Horatius &quot;omne cum Proteus pecus egit altos uisere montes&quot;. Plautus &quot;clurinum pecus&quot; simiam dixit. {{sc|'''praesepibvs'''}} alueariis. et est translatio, quae fit quotiens uel deest uerborum proprietas, uel uitatur iteratio. 

{{ancora+|436|[[Aeneis/Liber I#436|436.]]}} {{sc|'''fervet'''}} concelebratur, ut contra 'friget' cessat dicimus, ut Terentius &quot;nimirum hic homines frigent&quot;. {{sc|'''redolent'''}} quidam olere res uel malas uel bonas, redolere tantum bonas tradunt. {{sc|'''fragrantia'''}} quotiens incendium significatur, quod flatu alitur, per 'l' dicimus, quotiens odor, qui fracta specie maior est, per 'r' dicimus. sciendum sane nihil in hac uacare conparatione. nam Poenorum operi apum labor, custodiae litorum aduersum alienigenas fucorum conparatur expulsio. 

{{ancora+|437|[[Aeneis/Liber I#437|437.]]}} {{sc|'''o fortvnati qvorvm iam moenia svrgvnt'''}}  bene 'fortunati', quia iam faciunt quod ipse desiderat. {{sc|'''o fortvnati'''}} expressit Aeneae desiderium. {{sc|'''qvorvm iam moenia svrgvnt'''}} laus uel ab ipsa re sumitur quae laudatur. 

{{ancora+|438|[[Aeneis/Liber I#438|438.]]}} {{sc|'''fastigia'''}} nunc operis summitates, alibi ima significat, ut &quot;forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras&quot;. {{sc|'''svspicit'''}} miratur, ut e contrario 'despicit' contemnit significat. 

{{ancora+|439|[[Aeneis/Liber I#439|439.]]}} {{sc|'''mirabile dictv'''}}  ob hoc quod sequitur, quia mixtus cunctis latebat. potest tamen hoc et superiori et inferiori sensui addi. 


{{ancora+|440|[[Aeneis/Liber I#440|440.]]}} {{sc|'''per medios'''}}  figura est; nam planum fuerat 'mediis se infert'. {{sc|'''miscetqve'''}} deest 'se'. {{sc|'''neqve cernitvr vlli'''}} neque ab ullo cernitur; et est Graecum g-oudeni g-horohmenos, ut &quot;scriberis Vario&quot;, id est scribet te Varius. 

{{ancora+|441|[[Aeneis/Liber I#441|441.]]}} {{sc|'''lvcvs'''}} ubicumque Vergilius lucum ponit, sequitur etiam consecratio, ut &quot;luco tum forte parentis Pilumni Turnus sacrata ualle sedebat&quot;. unde et in sexto &quot;nulli certa domus, lucis habitamus opacis&quot;; dicuntur enim heroum animae lucos tenere. et mox sequitur 'hic templum Iunoni ingens'. 'lucus' autem dicitur quod non luceat, non quod sint ibi lumina causa religionis, ut quidam uolunt. {{sc|'''in vrbe fvit media'''}} nunc iam in media. {{sc|'''laetissimvs vmbra'''}} aut septimus est, aut secundum Probum genetiuus, ut sit 'laetissimus umbrae', sicut Sallustius &quot;frugum pabulique laetus ager&quot;. 

{{ancora+|442|[[Aeneis/Liber I#442|442.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo primvm'''}}  hoc est, simulac uenerunt; nec enim secundo ad Africam uentum est. ordo est 'quo primum loco'. 

{{ancora+|443|[[Aeneis/Liber I#443|443.]]}} {{sc|'''effodere loco signvm'''}}  historia hoc habet, quam more suo Vergilius per transitum tangit. Dido fratrem fugiens cum transiret per quandam insulam Iunonis, illic accepit oraculum et sacerdotem eius secum abstulit, cum ei parum crederet promittenti Carthaginis sedes. quo cum uenissent, sacerdos elegit locum faciendae urbi, quo effosso inuentum est caput bouis. quod cum displicuisset, quia bos semper subiugatus est, alio loco effosso caput equi inuentum placuit, quia hoc animal licet subiugetur, bellicosum tamen est et uincit et plerumque concordat, ut ipse plenissime in illo loco &quot;bello armantur equi, bellum haec armenta minantur. sed tamen idem olim curru succedere sueti quadrupedes et frena iugo concordia ferre: spes est pacis ait&quot;. illic ergo Iunoni templa fecerunt. unde et bellicosa est Carthago per equi omen, et fertilis per bouis. sane fodere est tantum sollicitare terram, effodere hoc ipsum faciendo aliquid eruere uel inuenire: cui contrarium est infodere. ordo autem est 'lucus in urbe fuit media laetissimus umbra, quo loco iactati Poeni undis et turbine effodere caput acris equi, quod regia Iuno signum monstrauerat'. {{sc|'''regia'''}} regina. 

{{ancora+|444|[[Aeneis/Liber I#444|444.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod regia ivno monstrarat'''}}  monstro dederat. et ut diximus tangit historiam. {{sc|'''acris eqvi'''}} epitheton magis aptum equis, ut &quot;canibus blandis&quot;, quia natura blandi sunt. 

{{ancora+|445|[[Aeneis/Liber I#445|445.]]}} {{sc|'''et facilem victv'''}}  propter bouem: quod licet nunc non dicat, tamen ex historia sumit. 'facilem' autem, copiosam, diuitem. Terentius &quot;quam uos facillime agitis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|446|[[Aeneis/Liber I#446|446.]]}} {{sc|'''hic templvm ivnoni ingens'''}}  superius dictum est quod Vergilius ubique lucos consecratos uelit accipi, unde tamquam in loco sacro inducit Didonem Iunoni templa construere. morem autem Romanum ueterem tangit: antiqui enim aedes sacras ita templa faciebant, ut prius per augures locus liberaretur effareturque, tum demum a pontificibus consecraretur, ac post ibidem sacra edicerentur. erant tamen templa in quibus auspicato et publice res administrarentur et senatus haberi posset, erant tantum sacra. hic ergo et sacrum templum, quod in luco, id est in loco sacro conditur, docet, et administrari in templo rem publicam subsequentibus uersibus indicat 'iura dabat legesque uiris operumque laborem p- a- i- a- s- t-' alibi tantum sacra esse templa, alibi omnia ubi agi posse, locis suis monstrabitur. {{sc|'''sidonia'''}} licet ⟨et⟩ Sidon ciuitas sit Phoenices, tamen hic pro Tyria posuit. sane quidam opportune hic Sidoniam uolunt positam, ut ostenderet locupletem: Sidonii enim locupletes habiti sunt, ut &quot;Sidonias ostentat opes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|447|[[Aeneis/Liber I#447|447.]]}} {{sc|'''donis opvlentvm et nvmine divae'''}}  aut simulacrum quoque aureum fuit et numen pro simulacro posuit, ut &quot;media inter numina diuum&quot;. hinc Cicero &quot;sese iam ne deos quidem ad quos confugerent habere&quot;; aut uult ostendere plenum esse praesentia numinis templum: aut certe uenerabile numine. 

{{ancora+|448|[[Aeneis/Liber I#448|448.]]}} {{sc|'''aerea'''}} uel quod aes magis ueteres in usu habebant, uel quod religioni apta est haec materies, denique flamen Dialis aereis cultris tondebatur: aut quia uocalius ceteris metallis, aut quia medici aere quaedam uulnera curant, aut dicit quia ueteres magis aere usi sunt aut certe aerea saecula significantur: nam ut Hesiodus dicit, tempore quo haec gesta sunt aereum saeculum fuit. {{sc|'''nexaeqve aere trabes'''}} multi 'nixae' legunt, non 'nexae', iuxta Varronem qui ait &quot;trisulcae fores, pessulis libratae, dehiscunt, graues atque innixae in cardinum tardos turbines&quot;. quidam trabes aeneas putant ipsum templum chalkioikon significari. uersus sane ipse hypermetros est. 

{{ancora+|449|[[Aeneis/Liber I#449|449.]]}} {{sc|'''foribvs'''}} fores proprie dicuntur quae foras aperiuntur, sicut apud ueteres fuit; ualuae autem sunt, ut dicit Varro, &quot;quae reuoluuntur et se uelant&quot;. ianua autem est primus domus ingressus, dicta quia Iano consecratum est omne principium. cetera intra ianuam ostia uocantur generaliter, siue ualuae sint, siue fores: quamuis usus ista corruperit. CARDO 'cardo' dictus quasi cor ianuae, quo mouetur. {{sc|'''stridebat aenis'''}} ad sua rettulit tempora. cautum enim fuerat post proditum hostibus a Tarpeia uirgine Capitolium, ut aerei cardines fierent, quorum stridor posset aperta ostia omnibus indicare. 


{{ancora+|450|[[Aeneis/Liber I#450|450.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc primvm in lvco'''}}  secuta sunt enim et alia, quae detraxere formidinem. {{sc|'''timorem'''}} multi quaerunt, cur post uisam matrem quicquam timuerit: quod tamen alii sic soluunt, ut dicant, ne tunc quidem Aeneam Venerem quam uiderat esse credidisse, cuius, ut ipse putabat, agnitae nulla uerba perceperat. sed uera solutio haec est: Venus nihil de Afrorum moribus, unde nunc formidat Aeneas, sed de classe liberata dixerat filio. uel quia non in totum Aeneas matris fiducia confirmandus est, ne nihil supersit magnanimitati et laudibus uiri fortis. sciendum tamen est in Vergilio interdum ualidiora esse obiecta purgatis, uel contra, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|451|[[Aeneis/Liber I#451|451.]]}} {{sc|'''leniit'''}} quartae coniugationis tempus praeteritum perfectum uel in 'ui' iunctam exit, uel sublata digammo in 'ii' pro nostro arbitrio, ut leniui lenii, audiui audii. sane cum in 'ui' exit, paenultima longa est et ipsa accentum retinet; cum uero in 'ii', paenultima breuis est et perdit accentum, quia, ut supra diximus &quot;unius ob noxam&quot;, quotiens uocalis uocalem sequitur detrahit longitudinem praecedenti; sed hoc in metro, ubi necessitas cogit; nam in prosa et naturam suam et accentum retentat. nunc ergo 'leniit' tertia a fine habet accentum, quia paenultima breuis est. sane plerumque accentum suum retinet etiam sermo corruptus, ut Mercuri Domiti Ouidi tertia a fine habere debuit accentum, quia paenultima breuis est, sed constat haec nomina apocopen pertulisse: nam apud maiores idem erat uocatiuus qui et nominatiuus, ut hi Mercurius et o Mercurius: unde 'cu' licet breuis sit, etiam post apocopen suum seruat accentum. 

{{ancora+|452|[[Aeneis/Liber I#452|452.]]}} {{sc|'''avsvs'''}} bene 'ausus', quia inter incerta satis audacter salus speratur. ADFLICTIS 'de adflictis'; nec enim esse septimus casus potest. CONFIDERE ⟨et⟩ fido et confido datiuum regit, ut &quot;et fidere nocti&quot;. sane optima figura est quae numquam a principalitate discedit, ut &quot;atque humiles habitare casas&quot; accusatiuo iunxit, quia habeo domum dicimus, unde est habito frequentatiuum. 

{{ancora+|453|[[Aeneis/Liber I#453|453.]]}} {{sc|'''svb templo'''}}  hoc est in templo, ut supra. 

{{ancora+|454|[[Aeneis/Liber I#454|454.]]}} {{sc|'''reginam opperiens'''}}  aut quam intellegebat esse uenturam ex artificum festinatione: aut certe uidendae reginae occasionem requirens. {{sc|'''qvae fortvna'''}} felicitas. et 'quae' hic admirandi significatus. 

{{ancora+|455|[[Aeneis/Liber I#455|455.]]}} {{sc|'''artificvmqve manvs inter se'''}}  hoc est, habebat artificum conparationem. 'inter se' autem inter se certantium, an aliquid tale. 

{{ancora+|456|[[Aeneis/Liber I#456|456.]]}} {{sc|'''ex ordine'''}}  hoc loco ostendit omnem pugnam esse depictam, sed haec tantum dicit quae aut Diomedes gessit aut Achilles: per quod excusatur Aeneas, si est a fortibus uictus. sane pugna est temporale certamen, idem et proelium significat; bellum autem uniuersi temporis dicitur, ut Punicum, Mithridaticum. Sallustius &quot;ita sperat pugnam illam pro omni bello futuram&quot;. Liuius &quot;ni Pyrrhus unicus pugnandi artifex magisque in proelio, quam bello bonus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|457|[[Aeneis/Liber I#457|457.]]}} {{sc|'''totvm vvlgata per orbem'''}}  quia Europa intulit, Asia passa est, Africa iam depingit. 

{{ancora+|458|[[Aeneis/Liber I#458|458.]]}} {{sc|'''atridas'''}} Atrei filios, Agamemnonem et Menelaum; sed usurpatum est, nam Plisthenis filii fuerunt. {{sc|'''saevvm ambobvs achillem'''}} atqui tres dixit, sed Atridas pro uno accipe, quos unius partis constat fuisse. an 'ambobus' Agamemnoni tantum et Priamo? an ambobus exercitibus? Graecis propter suam de Briseide iniuriam, Troianis propter Helenam, et 'ambobus' pro utrisque arte hunc. 


{{ancora+|460|[[Aeneis/Liber I#460|460.]]}} {{sc|'''plena laboris'''}}  plenus genetiuo melius iungitur, ut Terentius &quot;plenus rimarum sum&quot;. Plautus &quot;dedecoris pleniorem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|461|[[Aeneis/Liber I#461|461.]]}} {{sc|'''en priamvs'''}}  laus picturae est, per quam non imago, sed prope ipse ostenditur Priamus. {{sc|'''svnt hic etiam sva praemia lavdi'''}} ut supra diximus, omnis Aeneae sollicitudo de moribus Afrorum est, quam nunc picturae contemplatione deponit. qui enim bella depingunt, et uirtutem diligunt et miseratione tanguntur. {{sc|'''sva'''}} id est congrua, ut &quot;strueremque suis altaria donis&quot;. {{sc|'''lavdi'''}} uirtuti, ut &quot;primam merui qui laude coronam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|462|[[Aeneis/Liber I#462|462.]]}} {{sc|'''mortalia'''}} aduersa, quibus constat subiacere mortales. alii mortales casus accipiunt, uel absolute g-ta g-anthrohpina. 

{{ancora+|463|[[Aeneis/Liber I#463|463.]]}} {{sc|'''solve metvm'''}}  collectio est. nam ubi uirtus praemia, aduersa miserationem merentur, rite formido deponitur. {{sc|'''feret'''}} pro adferet. et hic reddidit &quot;hoc primum in luco noua res oblata timorem leniit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|464|[[Aeneis/Liber I#464|464.]]}} {{sc|'''inani'''}} epitheton est picturae, aut quia caret corporum quae imitatur plenitudine, aut quia nullius est utilitatis, sed tantum delectat; nam apud ueteres g-mataiotechnia uel g-pseudotechnia dicta est. 'pascit' autem delectat, ut &quot;non animum modo uti pascat prospectus inanem&quot;; uel ut quidam uolunt ad stupentis animum rettulit, qui uel inanibus commouebatur. 

{{ancora+|465|[[Aeneis/Liber I#465|465.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta gemens'''}}  graecum est g-polla g-stenazohn. {{sc|'''largoqve vmectat flvmine vvltvm'''}} tapinosis est quia dixit 'umectat'. 'largo' nam 'flumine' est fluore, id est fluxu ipso. 

{{ancora+|466|[[Aeneis/Liber I#466|466.]]}} {{sc|'''pergama circvm'''}}  abusiue; non enim circa Pergama, hoc est arcem, sed circa Troiam bella gerebantur. 

{{ancora+|467|[[Aeneis/Liber I#467|467.]]}} {{sc|'''troianae ivventvs'''}}  definitio est Hectoris, ut &quot;Catillusque acerque Coras, Argiua iuuentus&quot;. et re uera sic paene ubique Homerus ponit, ut Hectori tantum uel Achilli totus cedat exercitus. 

{{ancora+|468|[[Aeneis/Liber I#468|468.]]}} {{sc|'''hac phryges'''}}  bene ubique Vergilius pro negotii qualitate dat Troianis et nomina. nam timidos Phrygas uocat, ut hoc loco, item &quot;o uere Phrygiae, neque enim Phryges&quot;; Dardanidas generosos, ut &quot;Dardanidae magni genus alto a sanguine diuum&quot;; Laomedontiadas perfidos, ut &quot;nondum Laomedonteae sentis periuria gentis&quot;; Troas fortes, ut &quot;Troes agunt, princeps turmas inducit Asilas&quot;; Hectoreos quoque fortes, ut &quot;nunc nunc insurgite remis, Hectorei socii&quot;. {{sc|'''cristatvs achilles'''}} secundum Homerum, qui dicit in Achillis cristis terribile quiddam fuisse. 'cristatus' autem participium est deriuatum a genere feminino. 

{{ancora+|469|[[Aeneis/Liber I#469|469.]]}} {{sc|'''nec procvl hinc rhesi'''}}  Rhesus rex Thraciae fuit, ⟨ut⟩ quidam tradunt Martis, ut alii Hebri uel Strymonis et Euterpes Musae filius: qui cum ad Troiae uenisset auxilia clausisque iam portis tentoria locauisset in litore, Dolone prodente Troiano, qui missus fuerat speculator, a Diomede et Vlixe est interfectus, qui et ipsi speculatum uenerant; abductique sunt equi, quibus pendebant fata Troiana, ut, si pabulo Troiano usi essent uel de Xantho Troiae fluuio bibissent, Troia perire non posset. 


{{ancora+|470|[[Aeneis/Liber I#470|470.]]}} {{sc|'''primo somno'''}}  prima parte noctis, ut &quot;libra die somnique pares ubi fecerit horas&quot;. aut 'primo somno', ut grauiorem ostenderet somnum; aut prima nocte, quia ante Rhesus in Troia non fuerat. 

{{ancora+|471|[[Aeneis/Liber I#471|471.]]}} {{sc|'''tydides'''}} Diomedes. et bene Vlixen celat propter Aeneam, ut supra diximus, aut quia secundum Homerum occidente Diomede cadauera ulixes trahebat. 

{{ancora+|472|[[Aeneis/Liber I#472|472.]]}} {{sc|'''ardentes'''}} et candidos significat et ueloces, ut &quot;pernicibus ignea plantis&quot;. si ignea uelox est, sine dubio et ardens. 

{{ancora+|473|[[Aeneis/Liber I#473|473.]]}} {{sc|'''xanthvm'''}} fluuium Troiae. 

{{ancora+|474|[[Aeneis/Liber I#474|474.]]}} {{sc|'''parte alia fvgiens amissis troilvs armis'''}}  'parte alia' scilicet templi. et ueritas quidem hoc habet: Troili amore Achillem ductum palumbes ei quibus ille delectabatur obiecisse: quas cum uellet tenere, captus ab Achille in eius amplexibus periit. sed hoc quasi indignum heroo carmine mutauit poeta. {{sc|'''fvgiens'''}} fugere uolens accepto iam uulnere. {{sc|'''amissis armis'''}} uel aetatis inbecillitate, uel uulneris dolore incipientibus. 

{{ancora+|475|[[Aeneis/Liber I#475|475.]]}} {{sc|'''infelix'''}} multi hoc loco distinguunt et subiungunt 'puer atque inpar congressus Achilli', ut ex eo inparem ostendat, quod puer; sed tamen etiam si iungas 'puer', unus est sensus. {{sc|'''atqve inpar'''}} ac si diceret, etiam si puer non esset. {{sc|'''congressvs achilli'''}} congredior tibi antiqui dicebant, sicut pugno tibi, dimico tibi. hodie dicimus congredior tecum, pugno tecum, dimico tecum. 

{{ancora+|476|[[Aeneis/Liber I#476|476.]]}} {{sc|'''fertvr eqvis'''}}  trahitur. {{sc|'''cvrrv'''}} curribus falcatis usos esse maiores et Liuius et Sallustius docent. potuerunt ergo et simplicibus. {{sc|'''resvpinvs'''}} resupinus quo modo hastam trahebat? sed intellegitur Achillis hastam transisse per pectus et a parte qua ferrum est a tergo trahi. {{sc|'''inani'''}} sine rectore; nam corpus haerebat. 

{{ancora+|477|[[Aeneis/Liber I#477|477.]]}} {{sc|'''lora tenens tamen'''}}  quamquam mortuus. 

{{ancora+|478|[[Aeneis/Liber I#478|478.]]}} {{sc|'''versa'''}} tracta, ut Plautus &quot;inueniam omnia uersa, sparsa&quot;. uenit autem ab eo quod est uerror. {{sc|'''inscribitvr'''}} dilaceratur, ut Plautus &quot;corpus tuum uirgis ulmeis inscribam&quot;. {{sc|'''hasta'''}} hostili scilicet, quam sicut dictum est transfixus trahebat. 

{{ancora+|479|[[Aeneis/Liber I#479|479.]]}} {{sc|'''interea'''}} dum haec geruntur. et satis opportune a matribus festinatur ad templum, ut alibi &quot;nec non ad templum summasque ad Palladis arces&quot;. {{sc|'''interea ad templvm'''}} cum Diomedes auxilio Mineruae plurimos Troianorum fudisset, Helenus, Priami filius, uates monuit, ut Mineruae numen exoraretur, et cum precibus deae ponerent uestem quam regina speciosissimam habebat, id est peplum, unde post Mineruae palla peplum appellata est. dea tamen, memor iudicii Paridis, Troianis infesta permansit. et mire in pictura temporali aduerbio quamuis non possit. {{sc|'''non aeqvae'''}} id est iniquae, infestae. litotes figura est, ut alibi &quot;et uacuis Clanius non aequus acerris&quot;. 


{{ancora+|480|[[Aeneis/Liber I#480|480.]]}} {{sc|'''passis'''}} participium est ab eo quod est 'pandor'. ideo autem non facit 'pansus', quia plerumque 'n', quod in prima uerbi positione inuenitur, in praeterito participio non est. de qua re euphonia iudicat, ut ab eo quod est 'tundor' et 'tunsus' facit, ut &quot;tunsae pectora palmis&quot;, et 'tusus', ut &quot;non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni&quot;. sciendum tamen est, licet alia euphoniae causa uarientur uel in generibus uel in numeris, 'nactus' tamen et 'passus' 'n' penitus numquam accipere. {{sc|'''peplvmqve ferebant'''}} peplum proprie est palla picta feminea Mineruae consecrata, ut Plautus &quot;numquam ad ciuitatem uenio, nisi cum infertur peplum&quot;. hodie tamen multi abutuntur hoc nomine. 

{{ancora+|481|[[Aeneis/Liber I#481|481.]]}} {{sc|'''svppliciter tristes'''}}  ut decet rogantes. et bene addidit 'suppliciter', quia et per iracundiam, et per grauitatem, et per religionem, et per dolorem tristes sumus. {{sc|'''svppliciter tristes'''}} hoc est rogantes cum tristitia. {{sc|'''tvnsae pectora'''}} ut &quot;oculos suffusa&quot;. 

{{ancora+|482|[[Aeneis/Liber I#482|482.]]}} {{sc|'''aversa'''}} irata significat. nec enim poterat conuertere se simulacrum. sic alibi &quot;talia dicentem iamdudum auersa tuetur&quot; si tuetur, quomodo auersa, nisi iratam intellegas? ergo auersa ad animum refertur. 

{{ancora+|483|[[Aeneis/Liber I#483|483.]]}} {{sc|'''ter circvm iliacos'''}}  hoc ad Aeneam referendum est, qui sciebat. {{sc|'''ter circvm iliacos'''}} apud auctores multa ad sensum, non ad aspectum possunt referri. tertio enim tractum intellegere possumus, non in pictura conspicere. unde est et illud &quot;mulcere alternos et corpora fingere lingua&quot;. aut certe tale erat in pictura corpus, ut in eo appareret frequentis raptationis iniuria. sane huius rei ordo talis est. Patroclus cum iratum Achillem propter Briseidem sublatam ut aduersum Troianos pugnaret exorare non posset, petit ab eo arma quae Peleo Vulcanus fecerat; quibus indutus dum Achilles crederetur, fugatis Troianis omnibus etiam plurimos interemit, ipse uero ab Hectore occisus est. quo dolore Achilles conpulsus, inpetratis per matrem a Vulcano armis, Hectorem proelio superatum peremit, eiusque corpus ad currum religatum circa muros Ilii traxit, quod post placatus auro repensum Priamo reddidit. {{sc|'''raptaverat'''}} bene forma usus est frequentatiua, per quam ostendit quod per numerum dixerat. 

{{ancora+|484|[[Aeneis/Liber I#484|484.]]}} {{sc|'''exanimvm'''}} exanimus et exanimis dicimus, sicut unanimus et unanimis, inermus et inermis. ergo pro nostro arbitrio aut secundae erunt declinationis, aut tertiae; sed a tertia ablatiuum singularem in i mittunt, quia communis sunt generis. exanimis autem est mortuus, ut hic indicat locus, exanimatus uero timens, ut &quot;exanimata sequens inpingeret agmina muris&quot;. {{sc|'''vendebat'''}} ingenti arte utitur uerbis: nam hoc loco, quia pingi potuit, praesens tempus posuit, superius, quia pingi non potuit, sed referri, perfecto exsecutus est tempore dicendo 'raptauerat', non 'raptabat'. 

{{ancora+|485|[[Aeneis/Liber I#485|485.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm vero ingentem gemitvm'''}}  iam enim superius eum lacrimasse dixerat: hoc ergo addidit uisum Hectoris corpus, ut etiam grauiter gemeret. non ergo tum primum, sed tum maxime. 

{{ancora+|486|[[Aeneis/Liber I#486|486.]]}} {{sc|'''vt cvrrvs'''}}  quo tractus est. {{sc|'''amici'''}} autem plus est, quam si Hectoris diceret. alibi &quot;paruumque patri tendebat Iulum&quot;, cum potuerit dicere 'mihi'. 

{{ancora+|487|[[Aeneis/Liber I#487|487.]]}} {{sc|'''manvs inermes'''}}  aut sine sceptro, aut supplices, ut &quot;dextras tendamus inermes&quot;: quod tractum est de historia; qui enim se dedunt, inermes supplicant. aut re uera inermes tunc; contra Pyrrhum enim processit armatus. sane per transitum historiam tetigit, quia constat Priamum, cum ad supplicandum tentorium Achillis fuisset ingressus, dormientem Achillem excitauisse, ut pro filii corpore rogaret eum, cum eum potuisset occidere: licet hoc Homerus propter Achillis turpitudinem supprimat. 

{{ancora+|488|[[Aeneis/Liber I#488|488.]]}} {{sc|'''se qvoqve principibvs permixtvm agnovit achivis'''}}  aut latenter proditionem tangit, ut supra diximus: ut excusatur ab ipso in secundo &quot;Iliaci cineres&quot; et cetera: aut uirtutem eius uult ostendere; nimiae enim fortitudinis est inter hostium tela uersari, ut Sallustius &quot;Catilina longe a suis inter hostilia cadauera repertus est&quot;. Cornutus tamen dicit uersu isto &quot;uadimus inmixti Danais&quot; hoc esse soluendum. 

{{ancora+|489|[[Aeneis/Liber I#489|489.]]}} {{sc|'''eoas'''}} 'e' naturaliter longa est, fit tamen breuis interdum cum eam uocalis sequitur, ut &quot;primo surgebat Eoo&quot;. {{sc|'''nigri memnonis arma'''}} quia Tithonus, frater Laomedontis, raptus ab Aurora filium suum Memnonem ex ipsa progenitum, inlectus dono uitis aureae Priamo ad Troiae misit auxilia. qui congressus cum Achille ab eo est interemptus, cuius mortem mater Aurora hodieque matutino rore flere dicitur. 'nigri' autem dixit Aethiopis, unde prima consurgit Aurora. {{sc|'''arma'''}} vulcania, ut ille indicat uersus &quot;te potuit lacrimis Tithonia flectere coniunx&quot;. 


{{ancora+|490|[[Aeneis/Liber I#490|490.]]}} {{sc|'''dvcit amazonidvm'''}}  hoc est quod supra dixit &quot;uidet Iliacas ex ordine pugnas&quot;. Homerus enim haec omnia tacuit quae facta sunt post Hectoris mortem. 'Amazonidum' autem deriuatio est pro principalitate, sicut &quot;Scipiadas duros bello&quot; pro Scipionibus. sane Amazones dictae sunt uel quod simul uiuant sine uiris, quasi g-hama g-zosai, uel quod unam mammam exustam habeant, quasi g-aneu g-mazou. has autem iam non esse constat, utpote extinctas partim ab Hercule, partim ab Achille. {{sc|'''peltis'''}} scutis breuissimis in modum lunae iam mediae. {{sc|'''lvnatis'''}} autem participium a feminino genere deriuatum. 

{{ancora+|491|[[Aeneis/Liber I#491|491.]]}} {{sc|'''penthesilea fvrens'''}}  furentem ideo dixit, quia sororem suam in uenatione confixit simulans se ceruam ferire. sed hoc per transitum tangit, nam furor bellicus intellegitur. an 'furens', quia maiora uiribus audebat. haec tamen Martis et Otreres filia fuit, quam Achilles cum aduersum se pugnantem peremisset post mortem eius adamauit eamque honorifice sepeliuit. 'ducit' autem et 'ardet' ad laudem picturae pertinet. 

{{ancora+|492|[[Aeneis/Liber I#492|492.]]}} {{sc|'''avrea'''}} amphibolon est hoc loco, utrum ipsa aurea, an aurea cingula. sciendum tamen plerumque amphiboliam metri ratione dissolui, ut &quot;aurea composuit sponda&quot; Dido 'aurea': si enim ad spondam referas, non stat uersus. {{sc|'''svbnectens'''}} subnexa habens. {{sc|'''exertae'''}} nudatae; nudant enim quam adusserint mammam. 

{{ancora+|493|[[Aeneis/Liber I#493|493.]]}} {{sc|'''virgo'''}} et sexum ostendit et aetatem. {{sc|'''virgo'''}} plus dixit, quam si feminam diceret. figuram tamen Graecam facit. 

{{ancora+|495|[[Aeneis/Liber I#495|495.]]}} {{sc|'''dvm stvpet'''}}  aut absolute, aut dum haec stupet. {{sc|'''obtvtv'''}} aspectu. {{sc|'''in vno'''}} in unoquoque, hoc est singula mirabatur. 

{{ancora+|496|[[Aeneis/Liber I#496|496.]]}} {{sc|'''forma'''}} ut &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. 

{{ancora+|497|[[Aeneis/Liber I#497|497.]]}} {{sc|'''incessit'''}} ut &quot;incedunt pueri&quot;; sed hic 'interuenit'. {{sc|'''stipante caterva'''}} ad hoc tantum sequens pertinet comparatio, quam uituperant multi, nescientes exempla uel parabolas uel conparationes adsumptas non semper usquequaque congruere, sed interdum omni parte, interdum aliqua conuenire. 

{{ancora+|498|[[Aeneis/Liber I#498|498.]]}} {{sc|'''evrotae ripis'''}}  fluuii Laconicae. {{sc|'''cynthi'''}} montis Deli, in quo natam constat Dianam. sane Dianam ueteres ideo melius producebant, quia sub diuo dea sit uenandi gratia. 

{{ancora+|499|[[Aeneis/Liber I#499|499.]]}} {{sc|'''exercet diana choros'''}}  hoc non ad conparationem pertinet, sed est poeticae descriptionis euagatio, quia chori nec personis hic nec locis congruunt; saltantium enim et cantantium dicuntur. {{sc|'''mille'''}} finitus numerus pro infinito; nam de nympharum numero uaria est opinio. 


{{ancora+|500|[[Aeneis/Liber I#500|500.]]}} {{sc|'''oreades'''}} nymphae montium Oreades dicuntur, siluarum Dryades, quae cum siluis nascuntur Amadryades, fontium Napeae uel Naides, maris uero Nereides. 

{{ancora+|502|[[Aeneis/Liber I#502|502.]]}} {{sc|'''tacitvm'''}} maior enim est taciturnitatis adfectus, ut supra &quot;haec secum&quot;. sic Terentius &quot;ut mecum tacita gaudeam&quot;. {{sc|'''tacitvm'''}} pro tacite, ut &quot;tacitumque obsedit limen Amatae&quot;; aut tacita gaudet. {{sc|'''pertemptant'''}} modo uehementer temptant. alibi leuiter, ut &quot;blanda uicissim gaudia pertemptant mentem&quot;. sunt enim multa quae pro locis intelleguntur, ut 'inpotens' et satis et minus et nihil potens significat. {{sc|'''instans operi'''}} zeugma est ad sequentia pertinens. 

{{ancora+|504|[[Aeneis/Liber I#504|504.]]}} {{sc|'''regnisqve fvtvris'''}}  regnaturae Carthagini; nam ipsa iam regnabat. 

{{ancora+|505|[[Aeneis/Liber I#505|505.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm foribvs divae'''}}  instans praecipue foribus. et hoc loco distinguendum est; magno enim studio et labore templorum fores fiebant, quas quibusdam insignibant historiis, ut &quot;in foribus letum Androgei&quot;, item &quot;in foribus pugnam ex auro solidoque elephanto&quot;. quamuis quidam iungant 'tum foribus diuae media testudine templi', ut unum intellegas tectum templi et pronai: quod si est, sub medio tecto sunt fores. sed prima melior expositio est. {{sc|'''testvdine'''}} camera incurua, id est fornicata, quae secundum eos qui scripserunt de ratione templorum, ideo sic fit, ut simulacro caeli imaginem reddat, quod constat esse conuexum. quidam tradunt apud ueteres omnia templa in modum testudinis facta, at uero sequenti aetate diuinis simulacris positis, nihilominus in templis factas esse testudines, quod Varro ait, ut separatum esset, ubi metus esset, ubi religio administraretur. bene ergo, cum de templo loqueretur, addidit ei testudinem. idem Varro de lingua Latina ad Ciceronem &quot;in aedibus locus patulus relinquebatur sub diuo, qui si non erat relictus et contectus erat, appellabatur testudo&quot;. Cicero in Bruto &quot;commentatum in ⟨quadam testudine cum seruis litteratis fuisse⟩&quot;. quidam testudinem locum in parte atrii uolunt aduersum uenientibus. alii hunc ordinem uolunt 'tum foribus diuae templi resedit, media scutorum testudine', quia saepta armis erat. hoc sane genus fabricae ab animalis similitudine quae testudo uocatur captum est: de qua fabula talis est. uirgo quaedam nomine Chelone, linguae inpatientis fuit. uerum cum Iuppiter Iunonem sibi nuptiis iungeret, praecepit Mercurio, ut omnes deos et homines atque omnia animalia ad nuptias conuocaret. sed omnibus quos Mercurius monuerat conuenientibus, sola Chelone, irridens et derogans nuptiis, nectens moras adesse contempsit. quam cum Mercurius non uenisse notauisset, denuo descendit ad terras et aedes Chelones supra fluuium positas praecipitauit in fluuium ipsamque Chelonen in animal sui nominis uertit, quam nos Latine testudinem dicimus, fecitque, ut pro poena dorso tectum, uelut domum suam prona portaret: unde incuruatis aedificiis hoc nomen inpositum est. 

{{ancora+|506|[[Aeneis/Liber I#506|506.]]}} {{sc|'''saepta armis'''}}  satellitum scilicet. uel ut quidam uolunt pro armatis, ut &quot;feta armis&quot;. {{sc|'''solio'''}} solium proprie est armarium uno ligno factum, in quo reges sedebant propter tutelam corporis sui, dictum quasi solidum. modo iam abusiue sellam regalem intellegimus. {{sc|'''alte'''}} alto fulta suggestu. ac si diceret, in tribunali. {{sc|'''svbnixa'''}} pro subnisa, ut supra diximus. alii pro innixa accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|507|[[Aeneis/Liber I#507|507.]]}} {{sc|'''ivra dabat legesqve viris'''}}  ius generale est, sed lex iuris est species: non est ergo iteratio. et bene 'dabat'; primi enim Locri scriptis usi sunt legibus, nam superior aetas contenta fuit moribus. quod autem dixit 'uiris', ad Didonis pertinet laudem, et separatim enuntiandum, ut sit maior admiratio. 

{{ancora+|508|[[Aeneis/Liber I#508|508.]]}} {{sc|'''sorte trahebat'''}}  proprie locutus est; trahuntur enim sortes, hoc est educuntur. et bene tam regnantis quam aedificantis urbem inplere ostendit officium. 

{{ancora+|509|[[Aeneis/Liber I#509|509.]]}} {{sc|'''concvrsv accedere magno'''}}  cum magna Afrorum multitudine. et hoc est quod formidat Aeneas, incertus qua eos mente comitentur. 


{{ancora+|512|[[Aeneis/Liber I#512|512.]]}} {{sc|'''dispvlerat'''}} segregauerat. et magna est inter 'di' et 'de' differentia, ut diximus. {{sc|'''penitvs'''}} longe a regina remotos: quae res etiam insolentes custodes litorum facit. 

{{ancora+|513|[[Aeneis/Liber I#513|513.]]}} {{sc|'''obstipvit'''}} et ad mirationem et ad timorem hic pertinet sermo, quo dicenda praeoccupat. {{sc|'''percvlsvs'''}} ad utrumque pertinet. 

{{ancora+|514|[[Aeneis/Liber I#514|514.]]}} {{sc|'''laetitiaqve metvqve'''}}  laetitia propter socios, metu propter concursum. uel quod incerti erant de uoluntate Didonis. {{sc|'''avidi conivngere'''}} pro 'ut coniungerent', uel ad coniungendum auidi. 

{{ancora+|515|[[Aeneis/Liber I#515|515.]]}} {{sc|'''ardebant'''}} cupiebant, ut &quot;formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexim&quot;. ardeo autem et accusatiuum regit et ablatiuum. {{sc|'''res incognita'''}} id est qua adfectione Poenorum populus conueniret. 

{{ancora+|516|[[Aeneis/Liber I#516|516.]]}} {{sc|'''dissimvlant'''}} dissimulamus nota, simulamus ignota, ut Sallustius &quot;simulator ac dissimulator&quot;. 

{{ancora+|517|[[Aeneis/Liber I#517|517.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae fortvna'''}}  utrum prospera, an aduersa? et hic ostenditur, unde sit metus. 

{{ancora+|518|[[Aeneis/Liber I#518|518.]]}} {{sc|'''cvncti nam lecti navibvs'''}}  bene addidit 'lecti', ne penitus omnes intellegeres. nonnulli tamen 'lectis nauibus' legunt: quod et si sit, hypallage est, et illuc sensus recurrit. et sciendum, plerumque ut hoc loco addi aliquid generalitati et fieri specialitatem. item si dicas 'omnes scolastici laborant', generalitas est; si addas 'isti', fit specialitas, ut Sallustius &quot;transgressos omnis recipit mons Balleia&quot; prudenter addidit 'transgressos'. {{sc|'''cvncti'''}} non idem significat quod omnes. Cicero saepe ait &quot;cuncti atque omnes&quot;, quia omnes non statim sunt cuncti, nisi idem simul sunt iuncti. 

{{ancora+|519|[[Aeneis/Liber I#519|519.]]}} {{sc|'''orantes veniam'''}}  pacem propter incendium nauium. et proprie uerbum pontificale est: unde est &quot;tu modo posce deos ueniam&quot; et paulo post &quot;pacemque per aras exquirunt&quot;. dicta autem uenia ad eliciendam misericordiam; meretur enim beniuolentiam numinum qui, licet innocens sit, ueniam tamen tamquam peccauerit petit: unde est confessio illa in Terentio &quot;quid meritu's? crucem&quot;. {{sc|'''orantes veniam'''}} uenia quidem pro culpa petitur, sed nunc beneficium. aliqui tamen ueniam pro inpunitate accipiunt, nam mox addidit 'prohibe infandos a nauibus ignes'. 


{{ancora+|520|[[Aeneis/Liber I#520|520.]]}} {{sc|'''maximvs ilionevs'''}}  rebus omnibus maximus; nec enim aliquid addidit. ergo et aetate et honore et facundia et omni uirtute accipiunt. et non sine causa ipsum ubique inducit loquentem; ut enim Homerus dicit, Phorbas pater Ilionei semper Mercurio deo eloquentiae fauente pugnauit, ut Horatius &quot;Mercuri facunde nepos Atlantis&quot;. merito ergo huic datur eloquentia. {{sc|'''placido sic pectore coepit'''}} more suo uno sermone habitum futurae orationis expressit. bene ergo 'placido', ne timore consternatus uideretur, quem ideo aetate maximum et patientem ostendit, ut ei auctoritas et de aetate et de moribus crescat. ergo 'placido' ad placandum apto; et definitio est oratoris, qui talem se debet componere, qualem uult iudicem reddere. 

{{ancora+|522|[[Aeneis/Liber I#522|522.]]}} {{sc|'''o regina'''}}  secundum artem rhetoricam id ei dat quod uult inpetrare. nam eam per laudem beniuolam reddidit. quae beniuolentia in principiis controuersiarum secundum praecepta rhetorica quattuor modis conciliatur: a iudicum persona, a nostra, ab aduersariorum, a re ipsa. quod hic inuenitur: a iudicum persona 'o regina nouam c- c- I- u-', a sua persona 'Troes te miseri' et cetera, ab aduersariorum 'quod genus hoc hominum', a re ipsa 'hospitio prohibemur harenae'. post praeparatam igitur beniuolentiam et ex sua persona miseratione commota adhibet preces 'prohibe infandos a nauibus i- p- p- g- e- p- r- a-' an possint? 'non ea uis animo n- t- s- u-' quo ergo ibatis? 'est locus Hesperiam G- c- d-' et cur huc uenistis? 'cum subito adsurgens f- n-. O-' ne autem possint timeri, ait 'pauci uestris adnauimus oris'. an gratiam referant? 'officio nec te certasse priorem paeniteat'. quod autem Aeneam laudat, occulte etiam terrorem incutit dicendo 'nec bello maior et armis'. dicit etiam esse qui uindicent, si fiat iniuria 'sunt et Siculis regionibus u- a- q- T- q- a- s- c- A-' an recessuri sint? 'quassatam uentis liceat subd- c-' et subiunxit, etiamsi regem amisimus et Italiam non petimus, tamen ad Siciliam necessario discedemus 'si datur Italiam s- e- reliqua. sin absumpta salus e- t- p- o- T- p- h- L- n- s- i- r- I- at freta Sicaniae saltem'. {{sc|'''novam vrbem'''}} iuxta Poenorum opinionem dixit, qui nouam ciuitatem Carthaginem dicunt. 

{{ancora+|523|[[Aeneis/Liber I#523|523.]]}} {{sc|'''ivstitia'''}} bene considerauit sexum; nec enim 'uirtute' poterat dicere. {{sc|'''gentes'''}} non Carthaginiensium, sed circumiacentium barbarorum. {{sc|'''frenare'''}} continere, ut contra et &quot;Numidae infreni cingunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|524|[[Aeneis/Liber I#524|524.]]}} {{sc|'''troes te miseri'''}}  tacitis occurrit quaestionibus, ne ad populationem uenisse uideantur more qui tunc uigebat. et uidetur aliud ad dignitatem, aliud ad miserationem protulisse. {{sc|'''ventis maria omnia vecti'''}} per maria. et est contra illud, sicut dictum est, cur ad Africam uenerint. 

{{ancora+|526|[[Aeneis/Liber I#526|526.]]}} {{sc|'''parce pio generi'''}}  quotiens inuidiosae sunt praesentes personae, rhetoricum est ad alias confugere, ut hoc loco confugit ad genus. {{sc|'''et propivs'''}} uicinius scilicet, ut tamquam uicti accipiantur, non tales omnes credantur, qualis Paris fuit in Spartae expugnatione raptuque Helenae. nam historiae hoc habet ueritas, non uoluntate Helenam secutam, sed expugnata raptam ciuitate, unde et recipi meruit a marito. tangit autem hoc latenter Vergilius illo loco &quot;me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnauit adulter&quot;. ergo bene non nos, sed res nostras dixit. 

{{ancora+|527|[[Aeneis/Liber I#527|527.]]}} {{sc|'''popvlare'''}} quia apud ueteres haec erat maxime causa nauigandi. sane antiqui et populo et populor dicebant, unde est 'populare' et &quot;populatque ingentem farris aceruum curculio&quot;. nunc tamen passiua tantum utimur declinatione. quidam 'populare' pro ad populandum uel pro populatum accipiunt. {{sc|'''vertere'''}} pro aduertere. 

{{ancora+|529|[[Aeneis/Liber I#529|529.]]}} {{sc|'''non ea vis animo'''}}  argumentum ab inpossibili sicut dictum est, ut &quot;quid Troes potuere?&quot; 'uis' autem est possibilitas. {{sc|'''non ea vis animo'''}} id est, nec uolumus nec possumus. 


{{ancora+|530|[[Aeneis/Liber I#530|530.]]}} {{sc|'''est locvs'''}}  conparatione orbis totius Italia locus est; nam prouincia locus non potest dici. minus est autem 'quam' uel 'quem locum', ut &quot;urbs antiqua fuit&quot;. aut ideo 'locus', ut ostendat paruo posse esse contentos. {{sc|'''hesperiam'''}} hesperiae duae sunt, una quae Hispania dicitur, altera quae est in Italia. quae hac ratione discernuntur: aut enim Hesperiam solam dicis et significas Italiam, aut addis 'ultimam' et significas Hispaniam, quae in occidentis est fine, ut Horatius &quot;qui nunc Hesperia sospes ab ultima&quot;. et haec est uera Hesperia, ab Hespero dicta, id est stella occidentali. ceterum Italia Hesperia dicitur a fratre Atlantis, qui pulsus a germano Italiam tenuit eique nomen pristinae regionis inposuit, ut Hyginus docet. {{sc|'''grai cognomine dicvnt'''}} bene 'Grai', ut et ipsa cognoscat, sicut in octauo &quot;Electra, ut Grai perhibent, Atlantide cretus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|531|[[Aeneis/Liber I#531|531.]]}} {{sc|'''antiqva'''}} nobilis; nec enim noua esse potest, licet primam terram suam esse dicant Athenienses. {{sc|'''potens armis'''}} dicendo 'potens armis', Troianos laudauit, ut ostenderet, non se bellicosam timere prouinciam. UBERE GLEBAE 'uber' proprie est fecunditas. et bene Italiae uirtutem fecunditatemque conlaudat, ne Africam petisse uideantur. 

{{ancora+|532|[[Aeneis/Liber I#532|532.]]}} {{sc|'''oenotri colvere viri'''}}  deest 'quam'. Oenotria autem dicta est uel a uino optimo, quod in Italia nascitur, uel ut Varro dicit ab Oenotro, rege Sabinorum quia alii partem Italiae Oenotriam tradunt ex Arcadia profectum in Italiam uenisse cum Pelasgis et eam sibi cognominem fecisse. {{sc|'''fama'''}} subaudimus 'est'. {{sc|'''minores'''}} maiores et minores quotiens de genere dicimus numeri sunt tantum pluralis. 

{{ancora+|533|[[Aeneis/Liber I#533|533.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam'''}} Italus rex Siciliae ad eam partem uenit in qua regnauit Turnus, quam a suo nomine appellauit Italiam: unde est &quot;fines super usque Sicanos&quot; non usque ad Siciliam; nec enim poterat fieri; sed usque ad ea loca, quae tenuerunt Sicani, id est Siculi a Sicano, Itali fratre. alii Italiam a bubus quibus est Italia fertilis, quia Graeci boues g-italous, nos uitulos dicimus; alii a rege Ligurum Italo; alii ab aduena Molossio; alii a Corcyreo; alii a Veneris filio, rege Lucanorum; alii a quodam augure, qui cum Siculis in haec loca uenerit quamque his regionem inaugurauerit; plures atare tenari nepote desatura Minois, regis Cretensium, filia Italiam dictam. 

{{ancora+|534|[[Aeneis/Liber I#534|534.]]}} {{sc|'''hic cvrsvs'''}}  uel iste cursus, uel pro illuc. et cursus uerbum nauticum est, ut &quot;hunc cursum Iliacas uento tenuisse carinas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|535|[[Aeneis/Liber I#535|535.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm svbito'''}}  si 'subito fluctu', nomen est, si per se 'subito', aduerbium. {{sc|'''cvm svbito adsvrgens flvctv nimbosvs orion'''}} oenopion rex cum liberos non haberet, a Ioue Neptuno Mercurioque, uel ut quidam tradunt, non Neptuno, sed Marte, quos hospitio susceperat, hortantibus, ut ab his aliquid postularet, petiit, ut sibi concederent liberos. illi intra corium immolati sibi bouis urina facta praeceperunt, ut obrutum terra conpletis maternis mensibus solueretur. quo facto inuentus est puer, cui nomen ab urina inpositum est, ut Ourion diceretur, quod Dorica lingua commutatum est, ut ou diphthongus in o conuerteretur. quod autem plerumque prima syllaba breuis inuenitur, ut hoc loco, cum sit naturaliter longa, Graecae rationis est; nam detractio fit u litterae et o remanet breuis, quo modo &quot;g-ourea g-te g-skioenta&quot; pro orea, g-poiehson pro g-poehson. et hoc, quia aut o est naturaliter longa, aut ou diphthongus; ceterum si sit in proprio nomine dichronos, ut omnes Latinae sunt, propriorum nominum abutemur licentia, ut in artibus lectum est. Orion ergo postea uenator factus, uelut trium parentum uiribus fisus, dum uellet cum Diana concumbere, ut Horatius dicit, eius sagittis occisus est, ut Lucanus, inmisso scorpione periit, et deorum miseratione relatus in sidera signum famosum tempestatibus fecit. ueri similius autem est a scorpione interemptum, quo oriente occidit, quia et scorpionem tamquam ultorem pudicitiae Diana inter sidera collocauit: cuius chelae amputatae aliud signum fecerunt; nam ipsae sunt libra. sane ipse Orion magnitudine sua multis oritur diebus, et ideo eius etiam apud peritos est incerta tempestas: unde dictum est 'cum subito adsurgens' ad excusationem non praeuisae tempestatis. et multi superfluo quaerunt, cur ortus commemoretur Orionis, cum sit inmissa a Iunone tempestas. sed Ilioneus ista non nouit quae a poeta supra dicta sunt, per musam, ut diximus, cognita. et constat numina nisi inuenta occasione nocere non posse: quod in omni suo opere Vergilius diligenter obseruat. bene autem 'nimbosus', qui et ortu suo et occasu tempestates conmouet, sicut ait Horatius &quot;qua tristis Orion cadit&quot;; et quia hoc signum ibi est, ubi Hyades circa frontem Tauri. 

{{ancora+|536|[[Aeneis/Liber I#536|536.]]}} {{sc|'''in vada caeca'''}}  incognita, latentia. {{sc|'''procacibvs avstris'''}} perseuerantibus. et procax proprie petax est, nam procare est petere, unde et proci petitores dicuntur. alii 'procacibus' inpudentibus tradunt. 

{{ancora+|537|[[Aeneis/Liber I#537|537.]]}} {{sc|'''perqve vndas svperante salo'''}}  eleuato mari et in undas diuiso, ut solet in tempestate. 'salo' autem uenit ab eo quod est hoc salum sali, nam &quot;sale tabentes&quot; ab eo quod est hic sal salis. PERQUE INVIA SAXA 'inuia', id est aspera, inmania. unde et Dido paulo post 'quae uis inmanibus adplicat oris'? non enim suos uituperat, sed naturam litoris culpat. 

{{ancora+|538|[[Aeneis/Liber I#538|538.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc pavci'''}}  uult intellegi, ut quidam tradunt, superesse et alios qui sunt in futuro uindices, si isti fuerint laesi; nam hoc est quod ait 'dispulit', id est dispersit. {{sc|'''adnavimvs oris'''}} elegit uerbum aptum naufragio ad eliciendam misericordiam: quamuis et de nauibus 'natat' lectum sit, ut &quot;natat uncta carina&quot;. {{sc|'''adnavimvs'''}} adnatauimus per syncopen, quotiens syllaba de medio subtrahitur. et bene 'adnauimus', quasi uix et opportune. 

{{ancora+|539|[[Aeneis/Liber I#539|539.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod genvs hoc hominvm'''}} ? rhetorice uituperaturus mores non ad Didonem loquitur, sed ad tertiam se confert personam. {{sc|'''quaeve hvnc tam barbara morem p- p-'''}} bene mores accusat terrae, ut humanitas patriae potius esse uideatur. 


{{ancora+|540|[[Aeneis/Liber I#540|540.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitio prohibemvr harenae'''}}  ut alibi &quot;litusque rogamus&quot;; occupantis est enim possessio litoris. unde ostenduntur crudeles qui etiam a communibus prohibeant. {{sc|'''hospitio prohibemvr harenae'''}} ut alibi &quot;litusque rogamus innocuum&quot;. litus enim iure gentium commune omnibus fuit et occupantis solebat eius esse possessio. Cicero in Rosciana &quot;nam quid est tam commune, quam spiritus uiuis, terra mortuis, mare fluctuantibus, litus eiectis?&quot; unde ostenduntur crudeles qui etiam a communibus prohibeant. 

{{ancora+|541|[[Aeneis/Liber I#541|541.]]}} {{sc|'''bella cient'''}}  id est mouent. et bene 'cient' et 'uetant' permanet in tertia persona, ne eos in hoc barbaros et inmites appellare uideatur. sane in principio modestius, hic iam commotius. {{sc|'''primaqve vetant consistere terra'''}} id est in litore, ut alibi &quot;tuque o, cui prima frementem fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti&quot;. 

{{ancora+|542|[[Aeneis/Liber I#542|542.]]}} {{sc|'''mortalia arma'''}}  mortalem possibilitatem. sane arma etiam consilia significant, ut &quot;quaerere conscius arma&quot;. sed hoc loco terret latenter propter Siciliam; nam et paulo post ait 'sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes', cum unam habeant in qua Acestes regnat: sed ad terrorem 'urbes' posuit. {{sc|'''temnitis'''}} autem pro contempnitis per aphaeresin dictum, quae est cum prima uerbi syllaba detrahitur. alii 'mortalia arma' pro humanitate accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|543|[[Aeneis/Liber I#543|543.]]}} {{sc|'''at sperate deos'''}}  abusiue 'timete', ut alibi &quot;hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem&quot;, cum speremus bona, timeamus aduersa. ueteres tamen sperare dicebant deorum auxilia spectare. Plautus in milite &quot;deos sperabo, teque postremo tamen&quot;, in Casina &quot;diis sum fretus, deos sperauimus&quot;. sane opportune post blanda principia ista ponuntur; prodest enim nonnumquam subtiliter obiurgare quem roges. {{sc|'''memores fandi atqve nefandi'''}} iusti et iniusti. et bene 'memores', quia etiamsi non statim puniant crimina, sunt tamen memores, ut Horatius &quot;raro antecedentem scelestum deseruit pede poena claudo&quot;. et dicendo 'fandi atque nefandi' significat 'prout meriti fueritis'. 

{{ancora+|544|[[Aeneis/Liber I#544|544.]]}} {{sc|'''rex erat'''}}  bene medio uerbo usus est 'erat', ne si 'fuit' dixisset, fiduciam abiecisse uideretur. 

{{ancora+|545|[[Aeneis/Liber I#545|545.]]}} {{sc|'''nec pietate fvit'''}}  multum interest inter iustitiam et pietatem; nam pietas pars iustitiae est, sicut seueritas. nunc ergo hoc dicit, qua parte sit iustus, id est pietate. et bene duo laudat in Aenea: pietatem, quam a Didone inpetrare contendit, et uirtutem, quam uult timeri. {{sc|'''qvo ivstior alter nec pietate fvit nec bello maior et armis'''}} qui et beneficium referre potest, et uindicare. {{sc|'''bello maior et armis'''}} non est iteratio; nam bellum et consilium habet, 'arma' tantum in actu ipso sunt. {{sc|'''bello maior et armis'''}} hoc est scientia rei militaris et uiribus dimicandi, ut aliud ⟨sit⟩ animi, aliud corporis. 

{{ancora+|546|[[Aeneis/Liber I#546|546.]]}} {{sc|'''qvem si fata virvm servant'''}}  unum sensum in tres partes diuisit, et potuit reprehendi idem dixisse, nisi ostenderet eum libenter uoto suo inmorari. tale est illud &quot;si numina uestra incolumem Pallanta mihi&quot; et cetera. {{sc|'''si vescitvr avra'''}} uescor illa re, ut alibi &quot;uescitur Aeneas simul et Troiana iuuentus perpetui tergo bouis et lustralibus extis&quot;. nec nos decipiat quod dicit Plinius, ut elocutiones ex similibus formemus; nam ecce comedo illam rem dicimus, nec tamen uescor illam rem. et ipse enim dicit non usquequaque hoc esse faciendum. {{sc|'''si vescitvr avra'''}} uerbum inchoatiuum sine praeterito tempore et quod a se nascitur. sane hic 'uescitur' pro fruitur posuit; nam non comedit auram, sed uiuit ea. 

{{ancora+|547|[[Aeneis/Liber I#547|547.]]}} {{sc|'''aetheria avra'''}}  quia animum aere, corpus cibo potione et ceteris diligenter nutrimus. 

{{ancora+|548|[[Aeneis/Liber I#548|548.]]}} {{sc|'''non metvs'''}}  hoc loco distinguendum est. cuius autem rei, ex sequentibus probat; nam uult eam non timere, ne inaniter praestet. alii 'non metus officio' legunt et hunc sensum dicunt: non metuo pro officio nostro, id est non timeo, ne non sit unde satisfaciamus officio ac parem gratiam reddamus. {{sc|'''officio nec te certasse priorem paeniteat'''}} nec tibi parum uideatur prima beneficia praestitisse, cum possis maiora recipere. nam 'paeniteat' parum uideatur est, ut in heauton timorumeno &quot;at enim quantum hic operis fiat paenitet&quot;, hoc est parum uidetur. sane 'certasse' quidam prouocasse accipiunt, ut Terentius &quot;beneficiis si certasset audisset bene&quot;. officium autem est, quod Graeci g-to g-kathekon appellant. Cicero de Marcello &quot;noli igitur in conseruandis bonis uiris defetigari, non cupiditate praesertim aliqua aut prauitate lapsis, sed opinione officii stulta fortasse, certe non inproba&quot;. 

{{ancora+|549|[[Aeneis/Liber I#549|549.]]}} {{sc|'''svnt et sicvlis regionibvs vrbes'''}}  id est gratiam reddere possumus: arma latenter minatur. 


{{ancora+|550|[[Aeneis/Liber I#550|550.]]}} {{sc|'''troianoqve a sangvine clarvs acestes'''}}  cum Laomedon promissam murorum mercedem Neptuno et Apollini denegasset, Neptunus iratus Troiae inmisit cetos quod eam uastaret. unde Apollo consultus, cum et ipse irasceretur, contraria respondit dicens, obiciendas puellas nobiles beluae. quod cum fieret timens Hippotes quidam nobilis filiae Egestae, cum Laomedontis regis Hesiona iam esset orta seditione religata, inpositam eam naui misit quo fors tulisset. haec ad Siciliam delata a Crimisso fluuio, quem Crinisum Vergilius poetica licentia uocat, conuerso in ursum uel canem conpressa edidit Acesten, qui ex matris nomine ciuitatem Troianis condidit, quae hodie Segesta nominatur. {{sc|'''troianoqve a sangvine clarvs acestes'''}} bene Troiano, ut necesse habeat si passi fuerint iniuriam uindicare, quod in principio bene tacuit. de Aceste autem fabula talis. cum Laomedon promissam murorum mercedem Neptuno et Apollini denegasset, Neptunus iratus Troiae inmisit cetos per quod uicina litoris uastarentur. unde Apollo consultus, cum et ipse irasceretur, contraria respondit dicens obiciendas puellas nobiles beluae. quod cum saepe fieret et Laomedontis Hesiona iam esset ad scopulum orta seditione religata, non nulli parentes peregre mittere filias quam domi perdere maluerunt; nam alii auehendas mercatoribus tradiderunt. timens Hippotes uel ipsostratus filiam Egestam inpositam naui misit quo fors tulisset. haec ad Siciliam uentis delata a Crimisso fluuio, quem Crinisum Vergilius poetica licentia uocat, conuerso in ursum, uel ut quidam uolunt in canem, conpressa edidit Egestum, quem Vergilius Acestem uocat, qui matris nomine ciuitatem Troianis condidit, quae ante Egesta post Segesta nominata est. 

{{ancora+|551|[[Aeneis/Liber I#551|551.]]}} {{sc|'''qvassatam ventis'''}}  quamuis sit iusta petitio, tamen prope inuidiose ostendit, quam sit res quam petit exigua. {{sc|'''svbdvcere'''}} in terram trahere, hoc est subductam curare. deducere autem in mare mittere, ut &quot;deducunt naues socii&quot;. 

{{ancora+|552|[[Aeneis/Liber I#552|552.]]}} {{sc|'''aptare'''}} aptas legere. legitur et 'optare', sed utrumque eligere significat. uel 'aptare' adiungere uel adfigere, ut &quot;stellis ardentibus aptum&quot;. {{sc|'''stringere remos'''}} aut defrondare, ut &quot;agricolae stringunt frondes&quot;, aut 'fractos stringere remos', id est ligare, quia supra dixerat &quot;franguntur remi&quot;. 

{{ancora+|553|[[Aeneis/Liber I#553|553.]]}} {{sc|'''sociis et rege recepto'''}}  syllepsis per numeros, ut &quot;hic illius arma, hic currus fuit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|554|[[Aeneis/Liber I#554|554.]]}} {{sc|'''sin absvmpta salvs'''}}  hoc est, si periit Aeneas, qui Troianorum salus est. {{sc|'''pater optime'''}} mira laus, cum et patrem et optimum dicit. 

{{ancora+|556|[[Aeneis/Liber I#556|556.]]}} {{sc|'''nec spes iam restat ivli'''}}  bene de Ascanio spem dicit propter aetatem, ut &quot;Ascanium surgentem&quot; et &quot;spes surgentis Iuli&quot;. sane et hic tribus inmoratur quae metuit, ut supra in uoto. 

{{ancora+|557|[[Aeneis/Liber I#557|557.]]}} {{sc|'''at freta sicaniae'''}}  bene recessuros se dicunt. 'freta' autem, quia freto a Sicilia diuiditur Italia. sane quidam a feruore dici putant. et Sicanos quidam autochthonas tradunt, quidam ex Hiberia profugos de nomine fluminis Sicoris, quem reliquerant, Sicaniam nominasse. {{sc|'''sedesqve paratas'''}} propter Acestis cognationem. 

{{ancora+|558|[[Aeneis/Liber I#558|558.]]}} {{sc|'''regem'''}} aut qui nunc rex est, aut qui etiam noster futurus est. 

{{ancora+|559|[[Aeneis/Liber I#559|559.]]}} {{sc|'''talibvs ilionevs'''}}  aut subaudis 'loquebatur', aut ex posterioribus 'fremebant' intellegis. {{sc|'''ore fremebant'''}} hoc est consentiebant. et bene 'ore', quia et armis possumus fremere. {{sc|'''ore fremebant'''}} aut probantes Ilionei dicta aut rogantes Didonem. 


{{ancora+|560|[[Aeneis/Liber I#560|560.]]}} {{sc|'''dardanidae'''}} haec hemistichia Vergilius nominabat, quae in emendando carmine fuerat repleturus. 

{{ancora+|561|[[Aeneis/Liber I#561|561.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm breviter dido'''}}  atqui non breuiter loquitur. sed breue et longum, paruum et magnum perfectum nihil habent, sed per conparationem intelleguntur, ut supra de prouincia &quot;est locus&quot; orbis, ut diximus, conparatione. item hoc loco 'breuiter', id est minus, quam Ilioneus. et notandum regum esse breuiloquium, ut multis in Vergilio locis probatur, feminarum uerecundiam: unde utrumque dedit Didoni. {{sc|'''vvltvm demissa'''}} nota figura est, ut &quot;oculos suffusa nitentes&quot;. dicendo autem 'uultum demissa' aliud genus officii adiecit. 

{{ancora+|562|[[Aeneis/Liber I#562|562.]]}} {{sc|'''solvite corde metvm tevcri'''}}  sicut supra Iouis oratio, partim obiecta purgat partim petita promittit. sciendum sane, quia cum petuntur uel promittuntur aliqua, a ualidissimis inchoandum est, ut hoc loco. et est genus argumenti a necessario. {{sc|'''solvite corde metvm tevcri'''}} qui pollicetur statim debet promittere, tunc subiungere si qua uult, ne exspectatione suspensus detineatur auditor. nam et in Aeoli oratione statim promittit. {{sc|'''seclvdite cvras'''}} iteratio est ad augmentum beniuolentiae, hoc est, ad confirmandum supplicum animum. 'secludite' uero pro excludite: quod fit aut propter hiatum, aut propter suauitatem, ut a, &quot;silice in nuda conixa reliquit&quot; pro enixa. 

{{ancora+|563|[[Aeneis/Liber I#563|563.]]}} {{sc|'''res dvra'''}}  ac si diceret 'est quiddam'. et duo formidat: uicinos barbaros et fratris aduentum, quae propter nouitatem personarum generaliter dicens reliquit. {{sc|'''res dvra'''}} oportebat ex aliqua parte enuntiari domus calamitatem. uel ideo 'res dura', quod femina est. {{sc|'''et regni novitas'''}} quae semper habet timorem. 

{{ancora+|564|[[Aeneis/Liber I#564|564.]]}} {{sc|'''moliri'''}} bene non facere, sed 'moliri', ut terroris sit, non crudelitatis. 

{{ancora+|565|[[Aeneis/Liber I#565|565.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis genvs aeneadvm'''}}  satis propere dixit Aeneadas, quamquam ab Ilioneo audierit 'rex erat Aeneas nobis', nec haec in opere inemendato miranda sunt. quamuis alii prolepsim uelint esse. {{sc|'''troiae nesciat vrbem'''}} aut Ilium dicit, quod in Troia est, aut 'Troiae urbem', ut &quot;urbem Pataui, urbem Buthroti&quot;. 

{{ancora+|566|[[Aeneis/Liber I#566|566.]]}} {{sc|'''incendia belli'''}}  id est uim; semper enim diluuio et incendio conparat bellum, ut &quot;in segetem ueluti cum flamma furentibus austris incidit aut rapidus montano gurgite torrens&quot;. {{sc|'''incendia belli'''}} aut ardorem simpliciter belli, quia semper diluuio et incendio et tempestati conparat bellum, ut &quot;in segetem ueluti cum flamma f- a- i- aut rapidus montano flumine torrens&quot; et alibi &quot;saeuis effusa Mycenis tempestas ierit&quot;: aut potest subtilius dictum accipi, quod Ilium conflagrauit incendio. 

{{ancora+|567|[[Aeneis/Liber I#567|567.]]}} {{sc|'''non obtvsa adeo'''}}  aut non multum, uel ualde, ut in Terentio &quot;adulescentem adeo nobilem&quot; et &quot;si adeo digna res est, ubi tu neruos intendas tuos&quot;: aut 'non adeo', ut tu dicis, ut Troianorum famam ignoremus. 'obtusa' uero stulta, id est crudelia, ut merito Sol equos suos ab ista urbe deuertat. 

{{ancora+|568|[[Aeneis/Liber I#568|568.]]}} {{sc|'''nec tam aversvs eqvos tyria sol ivngit ab vrbe'''}}  fabula quidem hoc habet: Atreum et Thyestem germanos, cum in dissensione sibi nocere non possent, in simulatam gratiam redisse: qua occasione Thyestes cum fratris uxore concubuit, Atreus uero ei filium epulandum adposuit: quae Sol ne uidendo pollueretur, aufugit. sed ueritatis hoc est: Atreum apud Mycenas primum solis eclipsin inuenisse, cui inuidens frater ex urbe discessit tempore quo eius probata sunt dicta. {{sc|'''nec tam a- e- t- s- i- a- v-'''}} hoc est non in alio orbe habitamus. 

{{ancora+|569|[[Aeneis/Liber I#569|569.]]}} {{sc|'''sev vos hesperiam magnam'''}}  g-megaleh enim g-Hellas appellata est Italia, quia a Tarento usque ad Cumas omnes ciuitates Graeci condiderunt. 


{{ancora+|570|[[Aeneis/Liber I#570|570.]]}} {{sc|'''sive erycis fines'''}}  Eryx Veneris et Butae, uel ut quidam uolunt Neptuni filius fuit, qui praepotens uiribus aduenas caestibus prouocabat uictosque perimebat. hic occisus ab Hercule monti ex sepultura sua nomen inposuit: in quo matris fecerat templum, quod Aeneae adscribit poeta dicens &quot;tum uicina astris Erycino in uertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae&quot;. in hoc autem monte dicitur etiam Anchises sepultus, licet secundum Catonem ad Italiam uenerit. {{sc|'''erycis fines'''}} id est Siciliam. 

{{ancora+|571|[[Aeneis/Liber I#571|571.]]}} {{sc|'''avxilio tvtos dimittam'''}}  non sine ordine poeta inducit Didonem et credentem ignotis et tam facile tanta promittentem; si enim bene aduertatur, de illo loco pendet &quot;in primis regina quietum accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|572|[[Aeneis/Liber I#572|572.]]}} {{sc|'''vvltis et his'''}}  deest 'uel si'. 

{{ancora+|573|[[Aeneis/Liber I#573|573.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem qvam statvo vestra est'''}}  multi antiptosin uolunt, accusatiuum pro nominatiuo, ut sit pro 'urbs quam statuo uestra est'. sed si sic intellegamus, 'quam' nihilominus sequitur et syllepsis fit per casus mutationem; debuit enim dicere 'urbs quae statuitur uestra est'. melius ergo est 'uultis' bis intellegere, ut sit 'uultis regnis considere? uultis urbem quam statuo? uestra est', ut est &quot;eruet ille Argos Agamemnoniasque Mycenas ipsumque Aeaciden&quot;: subaudis 'ille'. alter enim Pyrrhum uicit, alter Mycenas. item &quot;non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco&quot;. {{sc|'''vrbem qvam statvo vestra est'''}} hoc schema de antiquioribus sumptum possumus accipere; ait enim Cato in legem Voconiam &quot;agrum quem uir habet tollitur&quot; et Terentius &quot;eunuchum quem dedisti nobis, quas turbas dedit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|574|[[Aeneis/Liber I#574|574.]]}} {{sc|'''agetvr'''}} regetur. 

{{ancora+|575|[[Aeneis/Liber I#575|575.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve vtinam'''}}  dicendo 'utinam' et humanitatem suam ostendit et Aeneae se cupidam. {{sc|'''noto compvlsvs eodem'''}} aut quouis uento, aut re uera Noto, qui de syrtibus Carthaginem ducit; supra enim Ilioneus &quot;in uada caeca tulit penitusque procacibus austris&quot;. EODEM 'o' naturaliter longa est, sed si corripiatur metri est, ut &quot;steteruntque comae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|576|[[Aeneis/Liber I#576|576.]]}} {{sc|'''adforet'''}} adueniat; temporis est futuri. {{sc|'''eqvidem'''}} in omni Vergilio 'ego quidem' significat, sed in aliis et pro 'quidem' tantum ponitur, ut Tullius &quot;equidem ego ceteras tempestates&quot;. item Persius &quot;non equidem hoc dubites amborum foedere certo consentire dies&quot;. {{sc|'''certos'''}} aut ueloces, aut fideles; utrumque enim hoc loco significat. aliquando et firmos, uel fortes, ut Sallustius &quot;apud latera certos locauerat&quot;, ut Vergilius &quot;tam certa tulistis pectora&quot;. aliquando et deliberati iudicii, ut &quot;certus iter&quot;. {{sc|'''certos'''}} qui cito inueniant. contrario incertos pro tardis. Sallustius &quot;et onere turrium incertis nauibus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|577|[[Aeneis/Liber I#577|577.]]}} {{sc|'''et libyae'''}}  g-katachrehstikos nam Dido Libyae regna non retinet. {{sc|'''et libyae lustrare e- i-'''}} ut ostendat uoluntatem et libenter se misisse, qui Aeneam quaererent. 

{{ancora+|578|[[Aeneis/Liber I#578|578.]]}} {{sc|'''eiectvs'''}} naufragus, ut &quot;eiectum litore egentem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|579|[[Aeneis/Liber I#579|579.]]}} {{sc|'''animvm arrecti'''}}  nota figura est. 


{{ancora+|580|[[Aeneis/Liber I#580|580.]]}} {{sc|'''iamdvdvm'''}} et cito, uel quam primum significat, ut &quot;iamdudum sumite poenas&quot;, et olim, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|582|[[Aeneis/Liber I#582|582.]]}} {{sc|'''svrgit'''}} oritur. et est translatio corporis ad animum, ut alibi &quot;stat conferre manum Aeneae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|583|[[Aeneis/Liber I#583|583.]]}} {{sc|'''classem sociosqve receptos'''}}  syllepis per numeros. 'receptos' de maris periculo liberatos, ut &quot;frugesque receptas&quot;, uel a Didone; nam et ab ea timuerant, ut ait &quot;laetitiaque metuque&quot;. 

{{ancora+|584|[[Aeneis/Liber I#584|584.]]}} {{sc|'''vnvs abest'''}}  Oronten significat. {{sc|'''qvem vidimvs ipsi svbmersvm'''}} quod ante doloris fuerat, ut &quot;ipsius ante oculos&quot;, nunc consolationis est, cum cernit omnes incolomes. 

{{ancora+|585|[[Aeneis/Liber I#585|585.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis respondent cetera matris'''}}  modo congruunt, consentiunt, quia dixerat supra &quot;namque tibi reduces socios&quot;. alibi 'respondet' respicit, ut &quot;respondet Gnosia tellus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|587|[[Aeneis/Liber I#587|587.]]}} {{sc|'''scindit se nvbes'''}}  nubes tantum dicimus, non nubs, licet dicamus trabs trabes, stirps stirpes, prex preces, plebs plebes. sed de his tantum quae legimus sunt ponenda; non enim artis sunt ista, sed usurpationis, qua metri causa utuntur poetae, ut uel minuant uel augeant nominatiuum. inde est et supellex supellectilis. {{sc|'''et in aethera pvrgat apertvm'''}} quia aer collectus nubes fecit, ut &quot;atque in nubem cogitur aer&quot;, quae puriore uento dissoluitur in aerem. 

{{ancora+|588|[[Aeneis/Liber I#588|588.]]}} {{sc|'''restitit aeneas'''}}  abscedente scilicet nube. {{sc|'''claraqve in lvce refvlsit'''}} laus est nimiae pulchritudinis, cui nec lucis claritas derogauit. 

{{ancora+|589|[[Aeneis/Liber I#589|589.]]}} {{sc|'''os vmerosqve deo similis'''}}  similes umeros habens deo. et est Graeca figura, ut diximus supra. {{sc|'''ipsa'''}} aut quod sequitur 'nato genetrix', aut certe 'ipsa', id est pulchritudinis dea. 


{{ancora+|590|[[Aeneis/Liber I#590|590.]]}} {{sc|'''decoram caesariem'''}}  a caedendo dicta caesaries, ergo tantum uirorum est. quod autem dicit 'decoram' uult etiam in Aenea naturalem fuisse pulchritudinem, ne si totum tribuat Veneri, nihil Aeneae sit reliquum, uel contra nihil relinquatur matris fauori: quod sequens melius indicat conparatio. ut Horatius &quot;fortes creantur fortibus&quot; magna arte nec eruditioni aliquid nec natalibus derogat. {{sc|'''ivventae'''}} iuuentus est multitudo iuuenum, Iuuentas dea ipsa, sicut Libertas, iuuenta uero aetas; sed haec a poetis confunduntur plerumque. 

{{ancora+|591|[[Aeneis/Liber I#591|591.]]}} {{sc|'''pvrpvrevm'''}} pulchrum, ut Horatius &quot;purpureis ales oloribus&quot;. {{sc|'''laetos honores'''}} non terribiles, ut esse in uiris fortibus solent. 

{{ancora+|592|[[Aeneis/Liber I#592|592.]]}} {{sc|'''manvs'''}} uel artificis, uel ars ipsa. {{sc|'''addvnt'''}} bene 'addunt', quia et ipsa materies habet naturalem pulchritudinem. {{sc|'''ebori decvs'''}} ebur a barro dictum, id est elephanto, ut Horatius &quot;quid tibi uis, mulier, nigris dignissima barris?&quot; sane naturam huius nominis nec deriuatio nec obliqui casus reseruant. et eboris enim et eburneus facit, non eburis, sicut murmuris. 

{{ancora+|593|[[Aeneis/Liber I#593|593.]]}} {{sc|'''parivsve lapis'''}}  candidissimus est, lygdinus nomine, qui apud Parum nascitur. PARIVSVE LAPIS C. A. ut in decimo &quot;qualis gemma micat, fuluum quae diuidit aurum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|594|[[Aeneis/Liber I#594|594.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm sic'''}}  quid est 'sic'? et sui gratia praepotens et matris auxilio. 

{{ancora+|595|[[Aeneis/Liber I#595|595.]]}} {{sc|'''inprovisvs'''}} bene, quia maiora nobis et pulchriora solent uideri, non paulatim aliqua, sed subito stupenda conspicere. {{sc|'''coram qvem qvaeritis'''}} hoc loco distinguendum; nam si unum esset, 'adest' diceret, non 'adsum'. et coram non nulli ad personam, ut 'coram Vergilio', palam ad omnes referri uolunt, ut 'palam omnibus'. Varro &quot;coram de praesentibus nobis, palam etiam de absentibus&quot;. sane coram quidam aduerbium putant, quia non subsequitur casus, quidam praepositionem loquellis, non casibus seruientem. 

{{ancora+|596|[[Aeneis/Liber I#596|596.]]}} {{sc|'''ereptvs'''}} liberatus; et utitur poeta familiarius hoc uerbo &quot;eripe me his, inuicte, malis&quot; et &quot;eripui, fateor, leto me&quot;. 

{{ancora+|597|[[Aeneis/Liber I#597|597.]]}} {{sc|'''o sola'''}}  propter Polymestoris factum, qui fide uiolata defecit ad Graecos, ut habemus in tertio. {{sc|'''miserata'''}} et miseror et misereor unum significat, sed miseror accusatiuum regit, ut hoc loco, item &quot;nec miseratus amantem est&quot;, misereor genetiuum, unde est &quot;miserere animi non digna ferentis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|598|[[Aeneis/Liber I#598|598.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae nos reliqvias danavm'''}}  si Troianos significat, simpliciter intellegis; si ad se refert, quod Achillem euasit fauore Neptuni. 'Danaum' autem pro Danaorum. TERRAEQUE MARISQUE 'terrae' propter Cretensem pestilentiam, 'maris' propter Orontis interitum. 

{{ancora+|599|[[Aeneis/Liber I#599|599.]]}} {{sc|'''omnibvs exhavstis'''}}  ueteres sic dicebant 'clades hausi', id est pertuli. {{sc|'''omnivm egenos'''}} egeo honestius genetiuo iungitur quam ablatiuo, cui iungit Cicero, ut &quot;eget ille senatu&quot;. item contra Vergilius &quot;quorum indiget usus&quot;. quidam autem 'egenos' pro egentes dictum tradunt, nomen pro participio. 


{{ancora+|600|[[Aeneis/Liber I#600|600.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbe domo socias'''}}  hoc est et publico et priuato dignaris hospitio. 

{{ancora+|601|[[Aeneis/Liber I#601|601.]]}} {{sc|'''non opis est nostrae dido'''}}  'opis' possibilitatis. et secundum Ateium philologum opes numero tantum plurali diuitias significant, ut &quot;Troianas ut opes&quot;, numero tantum singulari auxilium, ut &quot;fer opem, serua me obsecro&quot;, ab utroque possibilitatem. {{sc|'''nec qvicqvid vbiqve est'''}} meminit historiae. multi enim post excidium Troiae orbis diuersa tenuerunt, ut Helenus Epirum, Antenor Venetiam, alii Sardiniam secundum Sallustium, alii uicina syrtibus loca secundum Lucanum, ut &quot;portusque quietos ostendit Libyae Phrygio placuisse magistro&quot;. 

{{ancora+|603|[[Aeneis/Liber I#603|603.]]}} {{sc|'''di tibi'''}}  ordo est 'dii tibi praemia ferant'. {{sc|'''si qva pios respectant nvmina'''}} si quidem, ut Horatius &quot;si tamen impiae non tangenda rates transiliunt uada&quot;; nec enim congruit optare dubitantem: aut certe ad se rettulit, qui cum pius esset, tot laborabat incommodis. {{sc|'''si qua pios r- n- s- q- v- i- e-'''}} 'qua' et 'quid' addidit, erat enim integrum 'si pios numina respiciunt et iustitia usquam est'. 

{{ancora+|604|[[Aeneis/Liber I#604|604.]]}} {{sc|'''si qvid vsqvam ivstitiae est'''}}  si ualet apud homines iustitia. {{sc|'''et mens sibi conscia recti'''}} secundum Stoicos, qui dicunt, ipsam uirtutem esse pro praemio, etiamsi nulla sint praemia. 

{{ancora+|605|[[Aeneis/Liber I#605|605.]]}} {{sc|'''ferant'''}} adferant uel tribuant. {{sc|'''qvae te tam laeta tvlervnt saecvla'''}} alibi &quot;nati melioribus annis&quot;; felicitas enim temporum ex nascentum meritis comprobatur, ut e contrario Terentius &quot;hocine saeculum! o scelera, o genera sacrilega!&quot; et digna laus regibus, ut bono tempore nati esse dicantur. 

{{ancora+|606|[[Aeneis/Liber I#606|606.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi tanti talem genvere parentes'''}}  secundum artem rhetoricam parentes quos ignorat laudat ex liberis. simul sciendum omnia hoc loco laudis praecepta seruata; nam et a parentibus laudat, ut 'qui tanti talem genuere parentes'; et ab ipsa, ut 'urbe domo socias'; et a futuro, ut 'nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt'. 'talem' autem, tam iustam, tam piam. 

{{ancora+|607|[[Aeneis/Liber I#607|607.]]}} {{sc|'''in freta'''}}  abusiue modo maria; nam proprie fretum est mare naturaliter mobile, ab undarum feruore nominatum. {{sc|'''dvm montibvs vmbrae lvstrabvnt convexa'''}} alii hoc loco distinguunt et dicunt, quamdiu inclinata in montibus latera umbrae pro solis flexu circumibunt, ut &quot;lustrat Auentini montem&quot;: aut 'lustrabunt' inumbrabunt, unde lustra et ferarum cubilia et lupanaria per contrarium dicimus, quia parum inlustrantur. alii tamen 'conuexa sidera' uolunt, id est pendentia, ut &quot;et caeli conuexa per auras&quot;, id est suspensa, planetasque intellegunt, quia non sunt fixi, sed in aere feruntur. 'pasci' autem aquis marinis sidera, id est ignes caelestes, physici docent, secundum quos Lucanus ait &quot;atque undae plus quam quod digerat aer&quot;. alii 'sidera conuexa' nobis inminentia, uel quae per conuexum polum pascuntur, uel quae per conuexum disposita exhalatione terrae ali credantur. quidam radios solis pasci asserunt umore terreno. 'polus' autem caelum dixit. 

{{ancora+|609|[[Aeneis/Liber I#609|609.]]}} {{sc|'''honos'''}} honor, an honos quaeritur, quia nominatiuus pluralis 'res' terminatus singularem in or mittit, ut amores amor, honores honor, exceptis monosyllabis, ut flos mos ros. 


{{ancora+|610|[[Aeneis/Liber I#610|610.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae me cvmqve vocant terrae'''}}  id est in quibuscumque terris fuero. 

{{ancora+|611|[[Aeneis/Liber I#611|611.]]}} {{sc|'''ilionea'''}} paenultimam huius nominis syllabam natura breuem licentia, qua in nominibus propriis omnes syllabae uocales possunt esse communes, produxit. 

{{ancora+|613|[[Aeneis/Liber I#613|613.]]}} {{sc|'''obstipvit'''}} animo perculsa est, quod iam futuri amoris est signum. {{sc|'''primo aspectv'''}} id est pulchritudine. {{sc|'''sidonia'''}} pro Tyria a uicinitate. 

{{ancora+|614|[[Aeneis/Liber I#614|614.]]}} {{sc|'''casv deinde'''}}  id est miseratione. {{sc|'''et sic ore locvta est'''}} pleonasmos. sic &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;. 

{{ancora+|615|[[Aeneis/Liber I#615|615.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis te nate dea'''}}  quis, qualis; admirantis enim est, non interrogantis, ut &quot;quis globus, o ciues!&quot; non enim interrogat ille qui nuntiat. hoc autem Dido, ut post indicat, ex Teucri narratione cognouit. 

{{ancora+|616|[[Aeneis/Liber I#616|616.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae vis'''}}  qualis. {{sc|'''inmanibvs oris'''}} ut Sallustius &quot;mare saeuum, inportuosum&quot;. {{sc|'''inmanibvs oris'''}} non de suo regno ait, sed illas oras significat, quas Ilioneus ait &quot;per inuia saxa dispulit&quot;. {{sc|'''adplicat'''}} secundum praesentem usum per 'd' prima syllaba scribitur, secundum antiquam orthographiam, quae praepositionum ultimam litteram in uicinam mutabat, per 'p', secundum euphoniam per 'a' tantum. praepositio enim cum ad conpositionem transierit aut uim suam retinet, ut indico, aut mutat ultimam litteram, ut sufficio, aut perdit, ut coemo. 

{{ancora+|617|[[Aeneis/Liber I#617|617.]]}} {{sc|'''tvne ille aeneas'''}}  et hoc admiratiuum, non interrogatiuum. 'ille' autem honoris est, ut &quot;sic Iuppiter ille monebat&quot;, uel 'tune ille' uidetur beneficium Veneris admirari in eo, quem adamatura est. {{sc|'''dardanio anchisae'''}} bene Anchisen addidit, ne cui diceret esset incertum; cum multis enim Venus concubuit. sed sciendum Anchisen, ut fabula loquitur, pastorem fuisse et cum eo amato Venerem concubuisse. unde Aeneas circa Simoin fluuium natus est; deae enim uel nymphae enituntur circa fluuios uel nemora. quod cum iactaret Anchises, adflatus fulmine oculoque priuatus est. 

{{ancora+|619|[[Aeneis/Liber I#619|619.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrvm memini sidona venire'''}}  quidam 'memini uenire' pro 'memini uenisse' accipiunt. {{sc|'''tevcrvm sidona venire'''}} historia hoc habet, Herculem cum Colchos iret perdito Hyla, qui aquatum profectus, ut fabula loquitur, a nymphis adamatus et raptus est, ut ueritas habet, lapsus in fontem altissimum necatus est, post peragratam Mysiam nauibus Troiam uenisse. a cuius portu cum eum Laomedon arceret, occisus est, et eius filia Hesiona belli iure sublata comiti Telamoni tradita est, qui primus ascenderat murum, unde Teucer natus est; nam Aiacem ex alia constat esse procreatum. tunc Hercules Priamum quoque redemptum a uicinis hostibus in paterno regno locauit: unde et Priamus dictus est g-apo g-tou g-priasthai, id est emi. ceterum quae de liberata dicuntur Hesiona constat esse fabulosa. sed Teucer cum Troia euersa sine fratre esset reuersus, qui se furore propter perdita Achillis arma interemerat, uel, ut quidam uolunt, quia non defenderat Aiacis fratris interitum, ut alii, quod ossa fratris non rettulisset, ut non nulli, quod Tecmessam concubinam uel eius fratris filium Eurysacen ad auum Telamona de Troia secum non reduxerit, quia ille alia naui uectus felicius nauigauerat, Salamine pulsus a patre Sidona uenit, ex quo Dido cuncta cognouit. Aiax autem Achillis patruelis frater fuerat, quoniam Telamon et Peleus fratres fuerunt, Aeaci filii. 


{{ancora+|621|[[Aeneis/Liber I#621|621.]]}} {{sc|'''belvs'''}} quidam alium patrem Elissae dicunt. {{sc|'''opimam'''}} pro opulentam non nulli accipiunt. {{sc|'''vastabat cyprvm'''}} quam subactam concessit Teucro, ut in ea conlocaret imperium, qui ex responso Apollinis illuc perrexerat et ciuitatem Salaminam ex nomine patriae ibi condidit, licet alii dicant ab ipso Teucro Cypri superatos incolas et sic conditam ciuitatem: unde 'auxilio Beli' accipi potest, etiam Teucro auxilium a Belo ad occupationem insulae praestitum. 

{{ancora+|622|[[Aeneis/Liber I#622|622.]]}} {{sc|'''dicione'''}} potestas dictis constat, id est imperio. et quaerendus nominatiuus huius nominis. sed de hac re historia longe aliud continet. 

{{ancora+|623|[[Aeneis/Liber I#623|623.]]}} {{sc|'''casvs'''}} hoc loco ruinae, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;, non fortunae intellegendus est casus. 

{{ancora+|624|[[Aeneis/Liber I#624|624.]]}} {{sc|'''pelasgi'''}} Graeci a Pelasgo Iouis et Larissae filio. 

{{ancora+|625|[[Aeneis/Liber I#625|625.]]}} {{sc|'''ipse hostis tevcros'''}}  Troianorum laudis exaggeratio, quod etiam ab hoste laudantur. et quidam 'hostis' singularem, quidam pluralem legunt. {{sc|'''lavde'''}} quidam pro uirtute accipiunt, ut &quot;primam merui qui laude coronam&quot;. {{sc|'''ferebat'''}} laudabat, praeferebat. 

{{ancora+|626|[[Aeneis/Liber I#626|626.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrorvm a stirpe volebat'''}}  propter genus maternum, ut supra diximus. et plus est quod dixit 'uolebat', quasi materno gaudens refutaret genus paternum. sane 'stirps' cum de origine dicimus generis feminini est, ut &quot;heu stirpem inuisam&quot;, cum de ligno masculini &quot;sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|627|[[Aeneis/Liber I#627|627.]]}} {{sc|'''tectis svccedite nostris'''}}  ad conuiuium uocat; nam iam supra dixit 'urbe, domo socias'. dicitur autem 'o tectis succedite', ut &quot;succeditque gemens stabulis&quot;, et &quot;tecto adsuetus coluber succedere&quot;. 

{{ancora+|628|[[Aeneis/Liber I#628|628.]]}} {{sc|'''me qvoqve'''}}  quemadmodum uos. {{sc|'''similis fortvna'''}} scilicet aduersa. 

{{ancora+|629|[[Aeneis/Liber I#629|629.]]}} {{sc|'''demvm'''}} postea. 


{{ancora+|630|[[Aeneis/Liber I#630|630.]]}} {{sc|'''non ignara mali miseris svccvrrere disco'''}}  quare 'non disco'? quia non sum ignara; bis enim intellegimus 'non', ut supra diximus. sic Sallustius &quot;segnior neque minus grauis et multiplex cura&quot;. 

{{ancora+|631|[[Aeneis/Liber I#631|631.]]}} {{sc|'''simvl aenean in regia dvcit tecta'''}}  et hoc et quod sequitur uidetur auspicium nuptiarum. 

{{ancora+|632|[[Aeneis/Liber I#632|632.]]}} {{sc|'''simvl divvm templis indicit honorem'''}}  apud maiores nostros mos fuit, ut magistratus post res serias quae consulto peragebantur in fine actus adderent 'diis honorem dico', uel alio modo 'hinc ad deos', quod poeta, amator antiquitatis, subtiliter docet; infert enim Didonem post habitum cum Aenea colloquium et iunctam hospitalitatem, 'quare agite o tectis iuuenes succedite nostris' et supra 'urbem quam statuo uestra est' et 'Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur', post actum publicum, diis sacra iussisse; nam subiungit 'simul Aenean in regia ducit tecta, simul diuum templis indicit honorem'. {{sc|'''indicit honorem'''}} id est iussit fieri supplicationes. et bene 'indicit', quia Troiani inopinato uenerant. et feriae aut legitimae sunt aut indictae. indici autem dicuntur, quia paupertas maiorum ex conlatione sacrificabat, aut certe de bonis damnatorum: unde et supplicia dicuntur supplicationes, quae sunt de bonis supplicia passorum. Sallustius &quot;in suppliciis deorum magnifici&quot;. hinc etiam sacrum et uenerabile et exsecrandum intellegimus, quia sacrae res de bonis exsecrandorum fiebant. {{sc|'''indicit honorem'''}} indictiua sacrificia dicebantur quae subito ad praesens tempus indicebantur. dicebantur sacra et honoraria, quod utrumque hoc loco complexus uidetur. 

{{ancora+|635|[[Aeneis/Liber I#635|635.]]}} {{sc|'''terga svvm'''}}  non declinatio 'u' litteram hoc loco geminat, sed ratio nominis in quo est 'u', sicut et in 'rum' mittit genetiuum pluralem non per declinationem, sed quia est in nomine 'r', ut patrum. alituum uero ubi legimus, parenthesis est, sicut Mauortis, nam alitum facit. 

{{ancora+|636|[[Aeneis/Liber I#636|636.]]}} {{sc|'''mvnera laetitiamqve dei'''}}  id est Liberi patris, ac per hoc uinum: aut certe ut multi legunt 'laetitiamque die', id est diei, ut supra dicta munera sint multorum dierum usui sufficientia, intellegamus autem missa aliqua etiam ad usum diei. in caesi dilegitur. non nulli 'dii' legunt, sicut ueteres 'famis fami'. Plautus in mercatore &quot;qui aut Nocti, aut Dii, aut Soli, aut Lunae&quot;. sane quidam hunc uersum intellegi non putant posse, ut est ille &quot;quem tibi iam Troia&quot;. 

{{ancora+|637|[[Aeneis/Liber I#637|637.]]}} {{sc|'''splendida instrvitvr'''}}  pro instruitur et splendida fit. {{sc|'''lvxv'''}} modo abundantia, alibi luxuria. et notandum, quia affluentiam ubique exteris gentibus dat, Romanis frugalitatem, qui et duobus tantum cibis utebantur et in atriis sedebant edentes: unde Iuuenalis &quot;quis fercula septem secreto cenauit auus?&quot; et Vergilius &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. {{sc|'''mediis tectis'''}} iuxta cottidianam consuetudinem ait 'mediis', ut si dicamus 'in media domo sua sedens turbatus'. 

{{ancora+|639|[[Aeneis/Liber I#639|639.]]}} {{sc|'''laboratae vestes'''}}  labore perfectae, ut &quot;laboratasque premunt ad pectora ceras&quot;. et est sermo in conpendium coactus, sicut &quot;rapuitque in fomite flammam&quot;, id est raptim fecit. et sane 'uestes' non illas dicit quibus induimur, sed stragulas, super quas discumbitur, sic enim dicebantur 'uestes stragulae'. {{sc|'''ostroqve svperbo'''}} claro, pretioso, id est per se superbo, aut quia superbos faciat. 


{{ancora+|640|[[Aeneis/Liber I#640|640.]]}} {{sc|'''ingens argentvm mensis'''}}  aut subaudi 'exponunt', aut mensas argenteas accipe. {{sc|'''caelataqve in avro'''}} insculpta. et nomen hoc in principali aliam habet naturam, in deriuatione mutat. nam celum dicitur ferrum ipsum unde operantur argentarii, quod producitur naturaliter, sed in deriuatione mutatur; diphthongus namque est 'caelataque in auro'. 

{{ancora+|641|[[Aeneis/Liber I#641|641.]]}} {{sc|'''fortia facta patrvm'''}}  ueteres enim in conuiuiis solebant fortia parentum facta narrare, quae hic etiam insculpta dicit. et hic resoluit poeta illud quod reprehenditur, cur in templo Iunonis non Poenorum, sed Troianorum et Graecorum facta depinxerit, scilicet quod suorum res pretiosiore materia signatas habuerit. {{sc|'''series'''}} ordo conexus. 

{{ancora+|642|[[Aeneis/Liber I#642|642.]]}} {{sc|'''per tot dvcta viros'''}}  a Belo, primo rege Assyriorum, ut &quot;ab antiquo durantia cinnama Belo&quot; usque ad Belum, patrem Didonis, qui et ipse Assyrius fuit, quamuis alio nomine pater Didonis fuisse dicatur. hinc est &quot;quam Belus et omnes a Belo soliti&quot;, cum inter patrem et filiam medius nullus existat. et hoc regis nomen ratione non caret; nam omnes in illis partibus Solem colunt, qui ipsorum lingua El dicitur, unde et g-Hehlios. ergo addita digammo et in fine facta deriuatione a Sole regi nomen inposuit. 

{{ancora+|643|[[Aeneis/Liber I#643|643.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneas'''}} sequitur 'rapidum ad naues', cetera per parenthesin dicta sunt. 

{{ancora+|644|[[Aeneis/Liber I#644|644.]]}} {{sc|'''rapidvm ad naves praemittit achaten'''}}  non praemittit, nec enim sequitur ipse, sed praerapidum, quod ex adfectu patris, id est eius qui mittit, intellegendum est, non ex Achatae uelocitate. et sic praerapidum dixit, quomodo Terentius &quot;per pol quam paucos&quot;, hoc est perquam paucos; 'pol' enim ipsum per se plenum est iurantis aduerbium, cui praepositio separatim numquam cohaeret. 

{{ancora+|645|[[Aeneis/Liber I#645|645.]]}} {{sc|'''ferat'''}} adferat, nuntiet, ut &quot;feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|646|[[Aeneis/Liber I#646|646.]]}} {{sc|'''stat'''}} modo 'est', ut &quot;Graio stant nomine dictae&quot;; alias 'horret', ut stant lumina flamma et &quot;stabat acuta silex&quot;; item 'plenum est', ut &quot;iam puluere caelum stare uident&quot; et &quot;stant et iuniperi et castaneae hirsutae&quot;; item 'positum est', ut &quot;stant manibus arae&quot;; item 'placet', ut &quot;stat conferre manum Aeneae&quot; et &quot;stat casus renouare omnes&quot;. pro loco ergo hic sermo intellegendus est. 

{{ancora+|647|[[Aeneis/Liber I#647|647.]]}} {{sc|'''iliacis erepta rvinis'''}}  commendat ex loci difficultate, ut &quot;nec tuta mihi ualle reperti&quot;; item ex persona, ut 'ornatus Argiuae Helenae' et 'Ilione quod gesserat olim', ut &quot;hoc Priami gestamen erat&quot;: quemadmodum plerumque ex longinquitate, ut &quot;ex Aethiopia est usque haec&quot;. {{sc|'''erepta'''}} ostendit ualde pretiosa, quae meruerunt ex ruinis ciuitatis eripi. laborat autem poeta hoc sermone probare, ab Aenea non esse proditam patriam, si ornatus Helenae, quam cum Antenore Troiam prodidisse manifestum est, ex incendio eripuit bellorum casu, non pro praemio proditionis accepit. 

{{ancora+|648|[[Aeneis/Liber I#648|648.]]}} {{sc|'''signis avroqve'''}}  signis aureis, ut &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. {{sc|'''pallam rigentem'''}} duram propter aurum, sicut uel nouas uestes uidemus. significat autem tunicopallium, quod secundum Varronem palla dicta est ab inrugatione et mobilitate, quae est et circa finem huiusmodi uestium, g-apo g-tou g-pallein. 

{{ancora+|649|[[Aeneis/Liber I#649|649.]]}} {{sc|'''et circvmtextvm velamen'''}}  cycladem significat. {{sc|'''acantho'''}} genus uirgulti flexuosum, quod uulgo herbacanthum dicunt, in cuius imitationem arte uestis ornatur. Varro ita refert: &quot;Onesicritos ait, in India esse arbores, quae lanam ferant, item Epicadus in Sicilia, quarum floribus quom dempti sint nuclei ex his inplicitis mulieres multiplicem conficere uestem&quot;. hinc uestimenta acanthina appellata. 


{{ancora+|650|[[Aeneis/Liber I#650|650.]]}} {{sc|'''ornatvs argivae helenae'''}}  a uicinitate dixit 'Argiuae'. et paulo post 'Mycenis', cum Spartana fuerit, quae ciuitas est in Laconica; nam legimus &quot;me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnauit adulter&quot;. et uide iam omen infelicitatis futurae, cum adulterae suscipit munera. {{sc|'''qvos illa mycenis'''}} hic quoque commendatio muneris a persona, quae in fuga magni fecerit. 

{{ancora+|651|[[Aeneis/Liber I#651|651.]]}} {{sc|'''pergama cvm peteret'''}}  eo tempore quo a Paride sollicitata est Helena Venere faciente, quae ei praemium pro uictoria, quam de malo aureo acceperat, alienum matrimonium concilians soluerat. nota fabula omnibus traditum est, quamuis uera historia hoc habere dicatur, non sollicitatam a Paride Helenam, sed cum non ei consentiret, ut absente eo tempore Menelao sponte eum sequeretur ad Troiam, expugnata ciuitate ui a Paride sublatam. unde factum est, ut Paris timore, ne qui eum insequerentur, non recto itinere properaret ad patriam, sed deuerteret ad Aegyptum et ad regem Proteum ueniret. qui cum esset sacrificus et agnouisset alienam uxorem a Paride raptam, duci eam dicitur subtraxisse et nescio quibus disciplinis phantasma in similitudinem Helenae formatum Paridi dedisse, quod in undecimo plenius inuenies. {{sc|'''inconcessosqve hymenaeos'''}} et fato et legibus. Hymenaeus autem ut alii dicunt deus est nuptiarum, ut alii, quidam iuuenis fuit, qui die nuptiarum oppressus ruina est, unde expiationis causa nominatur in nuptiis. falsum est autem; nam uitari magis debuit nomen extincti. sed hoc habet ueritas: Hymenaeus quidam apud Athenas inter bella saeuissima uirgines liberauit, quam ob causam nubentes eius inuocant nomen, quasi liberatoris uirginitatis. hinc etiam apud Romanos Thalassio inuocatur. cum enim in raptu Sabinarum plebeius quidam raptam pulcherrimam duceret, ne ei auferretur ab aliis, Thalassionis eam ducis nobilis esse simulauit, cuius nomine fuit puellae tuta uirginitas. 

{{ancora+|652|[[Aeneis/Liber I#652|652.]]}} {{sc|'''extvlerat'''}} secum exportauerat. {{sc|'''matris ledae mirabile donvm'''}} uel quod ipsa filiae, uel quod ei Iuppiter dederat. 

{{ancora+|653|[[Aeneis/Liber I#653|653.]]}} {{sc|'''praeterea sceptrvm ilione'''}}  bene offert munera apta personis, sicut etiam Latino in septimo. {{sc|'''ilione qvod gesserat olim'''}} quia etiam feminae sceptro utebantur. 'gesserat' autem pro gestauerat, ut &quot;hoc Priami gestamen erat&quot;. et quaeritur, utrum hoc sceptrum de Thracia, an de Troia sublatum. quidam Aeneae ab Iliona datum dicunt. sed quamuis apta nupturae reginae sint munera, tamen futurorum malorum continere omen uidentur. 

{{ancora+|654|[[Aeneis/Liber I#654|654.]]}} {{sc|'''maxima natarvm priami'''}}  quia ante etiam feminae regnabant, praesertim primogenitae; unde est 'maxima'. haec autem uxor Polymestoris fuit, quae post captum Ilium eiecta a uiro manu sua interiit. {{sc|'''monile'''}} ornamentum gutturis, quod et segmentum dicunt, ut Iuuenalis &quot;segmenta et longos habitus&quot;, licet segmentatas uestes dicamus, ut ipse &quot;et segmentatis dormisset paruula cunis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|655|[[Aeneis/Liber I#655|655.]]}} {{sc|'''bacatvm'''}} ornatum margaritis. dicimus autem et haec margarita et hoc margaritum et haec margaris, quod Graecum est, quo modo Nais. sane multi separant gemmam a margarita, ut Cicero &quot;nullam gemmam aut margaritam&quot;, et gemmas uolunt dici diuersi coloris, margaritas uero albas; uel gemmas integras, margaritas pertusas. {{sc|'''dvplicem'''}} aut latam, ut &quot;duplici aptantur dentalia dorso&quot;, item at &quot;duplex agitur per lumbos spina&quot;: aut certe re uera duplicem gemmis et auro. sane inmiscet Romanam consuetudinem; coronis enim feminae utebantur. 

{{ancora+|656|[[Aeneis/Liber I#656|656.]]}} {{sc|'''haec celerans'''}}  celeriter facere cupiens. 

{{ancora+|657|[[Aeneis/Liber I#657|657.]]}} {{sc|'''at cytherea'''}}  ab insula quae numero tantum plurali dicitur, ut &quot;sunt alta Cythera&quot;. {{sc|'''novas artes'''}} ars ton meson est, unde sine epitheto male ponitur. ueteres autem artes pro dolis ponebant, ut Terentius in heauton timorumeno &quot;offendi quendam ibi militem eius noctem orantem: haec arte tractabat uirum&quot;, item in Phormione &quot;artificem probum&quot;; nam et Graeci g-dolos g-technas dicunt, ut in secundo &quot;periurique arte Sinonis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|658|[[Aeneis/Liber I#658|658.]]}} {{sc|'''faciem mvtatvs'''}}  nota figura est. quod autem addidit 'et ora', perissologia est. 

{{ancora+|659|[[Aeneis/Liber I#659|659.]]}} {{sc|'''fvrentem incendat reginam'''}}  incendat et furere faciat, ut &quot;animumque labantem inpulit&quot;. {{sc|'''inplicet'''}} proprie ait; inpliciti enim morbo dicuntur; nam et amor morbus. 


{{ancora+|661|[[Aeneis/Liber I#661|661.]]}} {{sc|'''domvm timet ambigvam'''}}  in qua habitat mutabilis femina, ut &quot;uarium et mutabile semper femina&quot;, item Iuno in quarto &quot;suspectas habuisse domos Carthaginis altae&quot;. {{sc|'''ambigvam'''}} modo incertam. alias 'ambiguam' pro gemina duplicique accipitur, ut &quot;agnouit prolem ambiguam&quot;. {{sc|'''bilingves'''}} fallaces; nec enim ad linguam rettulit, sed ad mentem. 

{{ancora+|662|[[Aeneis/Liber I#662|662.]]}} {{sc|'''atrox ivno'''}}  quantum ad Venerem pertinet saeua, non quod ita de ea poeta iudicet. {{sc|'''et svb noctem cvra recvrsat'''}} circa noctem. et sciendum quia, cum tempus significatur, sub praepositio accusatiuo cohaeret, ut &quot;aut ubi sub lucem densa inter nubila sese diuersi rumpunt radii&quot;. et bene 'sub noctem cura recursat', quia uehementiores curae uel circa noctem uel per noctem sunt. 'recursat' autem recurrit et reuertitur; quasi semper in mentem uenit. 

{{ancora+|663|[[Aeneis/Liber I#663|663.]]}} {{sc|'''aligervm'''}} compositum a poeta nomen. {{sc|'''ergo his aligervm dictis adfatvr amorem'''}} latini deum ipsum 'Cupidinem' uocant, hoc quod facit 'amorem'. sed hic imitatus est Graecos, qui uno nomine utrumque significant; nam Amorem dixit deum: sed discreuit epitheto. sane numen hoc ratione non caret. nam quia turpitudinis est stulta cupiditas, puer pingitur, ut &quot;inter quas curam Clymene narrabat inanem&quot;, id est amorem, item quia inperfectus est in amantibus sermo, sicut in puero, ut &quot;incipit effari mediaque in uoce resistit&quot;. alatus autem ideo est, quia amantibus nec leuius aliquid nec mutabilius inuenitur, ut in ipsa probatur Didone; nam de eius interitu cogitat, cuius paulo ante amore deperibat, ut &quot;non potui abreptum diuellere corpus&quot;. sagittas uero ideo gestare dicitur, quia et ipsae incertae uelocesque sunt. et haec ratio paene in omnibus aliis numinibus pro potestatum qualitate formatur. 

{{ancora+|664|[[Aeneis/Liber I#664|664.]]}} {{sc|'''nate meae vires'''}}  aut quia Veneria uoluptas exerceri sine amore non potest, aut secundum Simoniden qui dicit, Cupidinem ex Venere tantum esse progenitum: quamquam alii dicant ex ipsa et Marte, alii ex ipsa et Vulcano, alii uero Chai et primae rerum naturae eum esse filium uelint. sane et hic persuasoriam agit, sicut superius, ubi Iuno ad Aeolum loquitur &quot;Aeole, namque tibi&quot;. sed ibi quia dea cum homine loquebatur, principio opus non fuit, hic uero principio usus est, quia dea cum deo loquitur ad beniuolentiam comparandam. 'nate' ab indulgentissimo nomine: causa amoris 'mea magna potentia': quid possit facere 'qui tela typhoea temnis': pro quo 'frater ut Aeneas pelago tuus': contra quem 'odiis Iunonis iniquae': nam quod dicit 'frater tuus', non 'filius meus', ostendit etiam ei profuturum qui rogatur; nam ex eo genere est illud 'et nostro doluisti saepe dolore'. sequitur causa 'hunc Phoenissa tenet Dido': timor ipsius 'et uereor quo se Iunonia uertant hospitia': rem ipsam 'quocirca capere ante dolis': modus 'qua facere id possis': quamdiu 'noctem non amplius unam': an difficile sit 'et notos pueri puer indue uultus': quomodo 'ut cum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido': subito amabit 'occultum inspires ignem fallasque ueneno': nihil promisit; quid enim promitteret deo? SOLUS, {{sc|'''nate'''}} qui Iouis contemnis fulmina, quae diis ceteris solent esse terrori. 

{{ancora+|665|[[Aeneis/Liber I#665|665.]]}} {{sc|'''patris svmmi'''}}  nunc quidem de Ioue proprie dixit. sciendum tamen pro qualitate rerum uel personarum summum deum dici uel patrem; nam unusquisque eum summum putat esse quem colit, ut &quot;summe deum sancti custos Soractis Apollo&quot;. {{sc|'''typhoea'''}} multi 'Typhoia' legunt, ut cerialia et cerealea. 'Typhoea' autem dixit non quibus Typhoeus usus est, sed quibus Iuppiter in Typhoeum: a spoliis id est uirtute et uictoria epitheton posuit, ut Scipio Africanus et Metellus Creticus. {{sc|'''temnis'''}} aphaeresis est pro contemnis. hac autem laude hoc agit, facile eum posse Iunonem contemnere qui contemnit et Iouem. 

{{ancora+|666|[[Aeneis/Liber I#666|666.]]}} {{sc|'''ad te confvgio'''}}  personarum ratio facit laudis augmentum. {{sc|'''tva nvmina'''}} possibilitatem. et notandum unum deum plura habere numina, ut supra diximus de Iunone. 

{{ancora+|667|[[Aeneis/Liber I#667|667.]]}} {{sc|'''frater vt aeneas'''}}  conciliatio a qualitate personae. 'ut' autem est quemadmodum, quod in pronuntiatione extenditur, quando temporis non est. 

{{ancora+|668|[[Aeneis/Liber I#668|668.]]}} {{sc|'''iactetvrqve'''}} uacat 'que'. {{sc|'''odiis ivnonis iniqvae'''}} iusta causa petitionis ostenditur. 'odium' autem 'o' in nomine breue est, in uerbo longum, ut 'odi', quemadmodum 'liquor' 'li' breuis est, 'liquitur' longa. 

{{ancora+|669|[[Aeneis/Liber I#669|669.]]}} {{sc|'''nota tibi'''}}  Graeca figura est, ut Terentius &quot;mira uero militi quae placeant&quot;. NOSTRO DOLVISTI SAEPE DOLORE 'nostro' aut eo quo et ego, aut 'doluisti' ideo quia me dolentem uidisti, ut 'dolea illa re'. 


{{ancora+|670|[[Aeneis/Liber I#670|670.]]}} {{sc|'''phoenissa'''}} de Phoenice. {{sc|'''tenet'''}} moratur. {{sc|'''blandis vocibvs'''}} ideo dixit 'blandis', ut ostenderet Didonem facile amore incendi posse, quae ante iam blanda est, quam amat. 

{{ancora+|671|[[Aeneis/Liber I#671|671.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo se ivnonia vertant hospitia'''}}  'quo' in quam partem. 'Iunonia' autem 'hospitia' Carthaginem dicit, ubi habitabat Iuno, ut &quot;hic illius arma&quot;: aut certe hoc ipsum uereor, quod Aeneae Carthago in hospitium patuit, ut est &quot;timeo Danaos et dona ferentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|672|[[Aeneis/Liber I#672|672.]]}} {{sc|'''havd tanto cessabit cardine rervm'''}}  aut g-deiktikos dixit, ne in tantum quidem, hoc est breui occasione cessabit; aut simpliciter intellegendum est, non poterit in tanta rerum opportunitate cessare, ut sit de prouerbio tractum, quo dicitur 'res in cardine est', hoc est in articulo. quidam sic intellegunt: cum in incerto statutae res sunt, in cardine esse dicuntur, et translationem uerbi a ianua tractam uolunt, quae motu cardinis hac atque illac inpelli potest. 

{{ancora+|673|[[Aeneis/Liber I#673|673.]]}} {{sc|'''qvocirca'''}} quapropter. {{sc|'''meditor'''}} mente pertracto. 

{{ancora+|674|[[Aeneis/Liber I#674|674.]]}} {{sc|'''ne qvo se nvmine mvtet'''}}  'quo' uel uacat, uel pronomen est. et bene supprimit nomen Iunonis, ne eius frequenti commemoratione Cupidinem terreat; magis enim uult eum intellegere, quam audire Iunonem. aut certe aduerbium est, ut sit, timeo ne se numine Dido aliquam commutet in partem. 

{{ancora+|675|[[Aeneis/Liber I#675|675.]]}} {{sc|'''mecvm'''}} id est cum officio Venerio, nec potest intellegi 'quemadmodum ego'; aliter enim a matre Aeneas amatur, aliter a Didone. {{sc|'''mecvm'''}} per meos amores, id est me adnitente. 

{{ancora+|676|[[Aeneis/Liber I#676|676.]]}} {{sc|'''qva'''}} id est quomodo. {{sc|'''accipe'''}} audi, ut &quot;accipe nunc Danaum insidias&quot;, ut contra 'da' dic; ut &quot;da, non indebita posco&quot; et &quot;da Tityre nobis&quot;. {{sc|'''mentem'''}} dispositionem, consilium. 

{{ancora+|677|[[Aeneis/Liber I#677|677.]]}} {{sc|'''accitv'''}} euocatione. et est quartae declinationis. 

{{ancora+|678|[[Aeneis/Liber I#678|678.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem sidoniam'''}}  quam tenent Sidonii. {{sc|'''mea maxima cvra'''}} et Aeneas cura est, sed Ascanius maxima, &quot;cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus debentur&quot;: et ubique Ascanius maxima cura Veneris introducitur, ut &quot;Veneris iustissima cura&quot;, item &quot;hunc tegere et dirae ualeam subducere pugnae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|679|[[Aeneis/Liber I#679|679.]]}} {{sc|'''dona restantia'''}}  quae restiterunt, quae superfuerunt. et ante pelagus posuit, cum post Troiae euersionem nauigauerit Aeneas. 

{{ancora+|680|[[Aeneis/Liber I#680|680.]]}} {{sc|'''sopitvm somno'''}}  unum quidem est sopor et somnus, sed modo 'sopitum' inrigatum intellegimus. {{sc|'''cythera'''}} sicut supra dictum est genere neutro pluraliter, ut alibi &quot;sunt alta Cythera&quot;. 


{{ancora+|681|[[Aeneis/Liber I#681|681.]]}} {{sc|'''idalivm'''}} Cypri nemus est, in quo oppidum breue, ut paulo post &quot;Idaliae lucos&quot;, item &quot;Idaliumque nemus&quot;. {{sc|'''sacrata sede'''}} uel templi uel oppidi. 

{{ancora+|682|[[Aeneis/Liber I#682|682.]]}} {{sc|'''ne qva'''}}  'qua' uacat, ut frequenter diximus. {{sc|'''medivs'''}} inportunus, incongruus. 

{{ancora+|683|[[Aeneis/Liber I#683|683.]]}} {{sc|'''tv faciem illivs'''}}  'faciem' pro uultu posuit. nullus enim faciem alterius potest accipere, sed uultum, qui pro mentis qualitate formatur: unde infra est 'et notos pueri puer indue uultus'. {{sc|'''tv faciem illivs'''}} quod difficile numini non est, ut in faciem mutetur alterius. sane 'illius' in Georgicis corripuit, ut &quot;illius inmensae&quot;. {{sc|'''noctem non amplivs vnam'''}} ut supra diximus artis poeticae est non omnia dicere: unde nunc praemisit 'noctem unam'; nec enim dicturus est aut abscessum Cupidinis aut aduentum Ascanii. 

{{ancora+|684|[[Aeneis/Liber I#684|684.]]}} {{sc|'''pveri pver'''}}  argumentum a facili. {{sc|'''laetissima dido'''}} non est epitheton perpetuum, id est cum laeta esse coeperit. 

{{ancora+|686|[[Aeneis/Liber I#686|686.]]}} {{sc|'''regales inter mensas'''}}  epulas intemperantes, in quibus castitas rara est et facilis amoris occasio: unde est &quot;sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus&quot;. {{sc|'''laticemqve lyaevm'''}} latex proprie aqua est fontium ab eo quod intra terrae uenas lateat, sed et uinum latet intra uuam, unde nunc dixit laticem. 'Lyaeum' autem pro 'Lyaeium' dixit, figurate ponens principalitatem pro deriuatione. 

{{ancora+|688|[[Aeneis/Liber I#688|688.]]}} {{sc|'''occvltvm inspires ignem'''}}  definitio amoris est ignis occultus. {{sc|'''veneno'''}} uenenum dictum ab eo quod per uenas eat. ideo post ait &quot;longumque bibebat amorem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|689|[[Aeneis/Liber I#689|689.]]}} {{sc|'''paret amor dictis'''}}  ut supra pro Cupidine amorem ponit. sane notandum, quod interdum ubi inducit minorem festinantem parere, maiori respondentem eum non facit, ut hoc loco Cupidinem, ut in quarto &quot;ille patris magni parere parabat imperio&quot;, et in septimo &quot;exin Gorgoneis Alecto infecta uenenis&quot;. 


{{ancora+|690|[[Aeneis/Liber I#690|690.]]}} {{sc|'''et alas exvit'''}}  laus ingens Ascanii per transitum, siquidem Cupido alis tantum depositis Ascanius fuit. 

{{ancora+|691|[[Aeneis/Liber I#691|691.]]}} {{sc|'''placidam per membra qvietem'''}}  aut epitheton est quietis, aut ideo 'placidam' dixit, quia est quies, quae potest etiam somniorum terrore turbari. 

{{ancora+|692|[[Aeneis/Liber I#692|692.]]}} {{sc|'''inrigat'''}} infundit: proprie quia et somnus sic pingitur quasi cornu infundat. {{sc|'''fotvm'''}} sublatum, complexum. 

{{ancora+|693|[[Aeneis/Liber I#693|693.]]}} {{sc|'''amaracvs'''}} hic puer regius unguentarius fuit, qui casu lapsus dum ferret unguenta, maiorem ex unguentorum confusione odorem creauit: unde optima unguenta amaracina dicuntur. hic postea in herbam sampsucum uersus est, quam nunc etiam amaracum dicunt. 

{{ancora+|695|[[Aeneis/Liber I#695|695.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve ibat'''}}  cum uix Venus ista dixisset. sane neque festinantibus personis neque minoribus est respondendi facultas, ut hoc loco Cupidini, Mercurio supra, item in quarto, ut in septimo Furiae. 

{{ancora+|697|[[Aeneis/Liber I#697|697.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm venit'''}}  aut pro 'cum ueniret', aut ut 'cum' sit aduerbium temporis pro dum; nec enim potest coniunctiui modi particula iungi indicatiuo. sane sciendum, malo errore 'cum' et 'dum' a Romanis esse confusa. {{sc|'''avlaeis'''}} uelis pictis, quae ideo aulaea dicta sunt, quod primum in aula Attali regis Asiae, qui populum Romanum scripsit heredem, inuenta sunt. ideo autem etiam in domibus tendebantur aulaea, ut imitatio tentoriorum fieret, sub quibus bellantes semper habitauere maiores: unde et in thalamis hoc fieri hodieque conspicimus. Varro tamen dicit uela solere suspendi ad excipiendum puluerem, quia usus camerae ignorabatur: unde Horatius &quot;interea suspensa grauis aulaea ruinas in patinam fecere, trahentia pulueris atri, quantum non Aquilo Campanis excitat oris&quot;. sciendum sane omnia Graeca nomina in e exeuntia, cum deriuationem faciunt, e in ae diphthongon conuertere, ut aule aulaea, g-Ideh Idaea, g-Aitneh Aetnaea. {{sc|'''svperbis'''}} nobilibus, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;. 

{{ancora+|698|[[Aeneis/Liber I#698|698.]]}} {{sc|'''avrea'''}} si 'Dido aurea', pulchram significat, et est nominatiuus, si 'sponda aurea', septimus quidem est, sed synizesis fit, et spondeus est. {{sc|'''sponda'''}} antiqui stibadia non habebant, sed stratis tribus lectis epulabantur, unde et triclinium sterni dicitur. sic Cicero &quot;sterni triclinia, et in foro sterni iubebat&quot;. unde apparet errare eos, qui triclinium dicunt ipsam basilicam uel cenationem. {{sc|'''mediamqve locavit'''}} ipse enim apud maiores domini fuerat locus, ut aperte Sallustius docet &quot;igitur discubuere: Sertorius inferior in medio, super eum L- Fabius Hispaniensis senator ex proscriptis; in summo Antonius, et infra scriba Sertorii Versius; et alter scriba Maecenas in imo, medius inter Tarquinium et dominum Perpernam&quot;. {{sc|'''locavit'''}} collocauit. 

{{ancora+|699|[[Aeneis/Liber I#699|699.]]}} {{sc|'''iam pater aeneas'''}}  religiosus, quia pater proprie omnium deorum epitheton est, ut ubique ostendit Vergilius. 


{{ancora+|700|[[Aeneis/Liber I#700|700.]]}} {{sc|'''ostro'''}} pro purpura posuit, unde tingitur purpura. 

{{ancora+|701|[[Aeneis/Liber I#701|701.]]}} {{sc|'''dant manibvs famvli lymphas'''}}  humilis character, qui ischnos dicitur; uilia enim describuntur. {{sc|'''cereremqve canistris'''}} hic panem, alibi triticum, ut &quot;tum Cererem corruptam undis&quot;. {{sc|'''expedivnt'''}} proferunt. TONSISQUE FERUNT MANTELIA VILLIS 'tonsis uillis' uel minutis uel conpositis, ut &quot;tonsa coma, pressa corona est&quot;; constat enim maiores mappas habuisse uillosas, quibus etiam in sacris utebantur, sicut in georgicis &quot;manibus liquidos dant ordine fontis germanae, tonsisque ferunt mantelia uillis&quot;; de supplicaturis enim hoc dixit. 'mantelia' uero a manibus tergendis dicta, et est nominatiuus mantele, quo modo torale. quod autem legimus &quot;ne turpe toral&quot;, apocope est. 

{{ancora+|703|[[Aeneis/Liber I#703|703.]]}} {{sc|'''qvinqvaginta'''}} hoc est multae. {{sc|'''ordine longo'''}} id est dispositione, secundum Tullium, qui in oeconomicis dicit, quid ubi ponendum sit; nec enim debent uniuersa confundi. {{sc|'''cvra penvm strvere'''}} inter penum et cellarium hoc interest, quod cellarium est paucorum dierum, unde et in cellam dicitur imperatum frumentum, penus uero temporis longi. sane dicimus et hic et haec et hoc penus, sed a masculino et a feminino genere quarta est declinatio, a neutro tertia, quo modo pecus pecoris. unde Horatius &quot;portet frumenta penusque&quot;, masculino uero genere Plautus &quot;nisi mihi annuus penus datur&quot;, feminino Lucilius posuit, ut &quot;uxori legata penus&quot;. quartae autem declinationis esse Persius docet, ut in &quot;locuplete penu defensis pinguibus Umbris&quot;. 

{{ancora+|704|[[Aeneis/Liber I#704|704.]]}} {{sc|'''strvere'''}} ordinare, conponere, unde et structores dicuntur ferculorum conpositores. {{sc|'''et flammis adolere penates'''}} colere. sed adolere proprie est augere. in sacris autem kat' euphemismon adolere per bonum omen dicitur; nam in aris non adolentur aliqua, sed cremantur et consumuntur. {{sc|'''et flammis adolere penates'''}} quia ueteres in focis sacrificabant, ut ipse alibi &quot;hortor amare focos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|705|[[Aeneis/Liber I#705|705.]]}} {{sc|'''totidemqve pares aetate ministri'''}}  non numerus habet admirationem, sed aetatis aequalitas. 

{{ancora+|706|[[Aeneis/Liber I#706|706.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi dapibvs mensas onerent'''}}  dapes regum sunt, epulae priuatorum. 'onerent' autem potest et ad abundantiam retulisse et de ueterum more dixisse, quibus cum accubuissent omnis cena semel adponebatur. et quidam uolunt hoc secundum ueterem caerimoniarum ritum aduerti debere, quod flamini Diali mensa inanis non anteponebatur; nam cum dicit 'qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant', et alibi &quot;et uina reponite mensis&quot;, quid aliud ostendit, quam mensam uacuam non antepositam Aeneae, quem ubique omnia sacerdotia inducit habuisse? {{sc|'''et pocvla ponant'''}} secundum antiquum locutus est morem, quia ueteribus non in manus dabantur pocula, sed mensis adponebantur, ut hodieque apud plures pocula in canistris argenteis adponuntur, quae canistra siccaria dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|708|[[Aeneis/Liber I#708|708.]]}} {{sc|'''toris pictis'''}}  pro in toris pictis. et torus dictus est, quod ueteres super herbam tortam uel sedebant uel discumbebant, ut &quot;proximus ut uiridante toro consederat herbae&quot;. {{sc|'''ivssi discvmbere'''}} bene 'iussi' de regiis satellitibus dixit, qui utique subiecti habebantur imperio, nec tamquam hospites fuerant inuitati. discumbere autem iuxta consuetudinem suorum temporum dixit, quia olim sedentes uescebantur, ut ipse alibi &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|709|[[Aeneis/Liber I#709|709.]]}} {{sc|'''mirantvr dona aeneae'''}} , {{sc|'''mirantvr ivlvm'''}} hoc ad Tyrios rettulit. {{sc|'''mirantvr ivlvm'''}} quem putabant Iulum. 


{{ancora+|710|[[Aeneis/Liber I#710|710.]]}} {{sc|'''flagrantisqve dei vvltvs'''}}  hoc ad poetam refertur. {{sc|'''flagrantis'''}} ardentis diuinitate. {{sc|'''simvlataqve verba'''}} conposita in Ascanii similitudinem. et hoc ex persona poetae accipiendum 

{{ancora+|712|[[Aeneis/Liber I#712|712.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipve infelix'''}}  propter casum futurum, ut probant sequentia 'pesti deuota futurae'. ideo ergo infelix. 'pesti' autem amori uel malo. 'deuota' uero de oratione Augusti translata locutio, quam habuit in laudatione funeris Marcelli, cum diceret, illum inmaturae morti deuotum fuisse. 

{{ancora+|713|[[Aeneis/Liber I#713|713.]]}} {{sc|'''expleri mentem neqvit'''}}  Graeca figura est. {{sc|'''tvendo'''}} dum intuetur. et omnis gerundi modus tam ab agentis quam a patientis significatione similiter profertur, ut &quot;cantando tu illum&quot;, id est dum cantas, et &quot;frigidus in pratis cantando rumpitur anguis&quot;, id est dum ei cantatur. 

{{ancora+|714|[[Aeneis/Liber I#714|714.]]}} {{sc|'''ille vbi'''}}  postquam, ut Horatius &quot;nos ubi decidimus&quot;, hoc est postquam; nam si loci esset, 'quo' diceret. ergo 'ubi' interdum aduerbium loci est, interdum temporis. 

{{ancora+|716|[[Aeneis/Liber I#716|716.]]}} {{sc|'''et magnvm'''}}  arduum; difficile est enim imitari uerum filii adfectum. {{sc|'''falsi implevit genitoris amorem'''}} non ueri, uel pro eo qui fallebatur, ut sit, impleuit amorem eius quem decipiebat simulando eum esse patrem suum, et est magis absolutum participium; nam illic nomen est &quot;falsi Simoentis ad undam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|717|[[Aeneis/Liber I#717|717.]]}} {{sc|'''reginam petit'''}}  non simpliciter dixit 'petit'; nam petere est proprie insidiari. 

{{ancora+|718|[[Aeneis/Liber I#718|718.]]}} {{sc|'''gremio fovet'''}}  sustinet, ut &quot;et fotum gremio&quot;. 

{{ancora+|719|[[Aeneis/Liber I#719|719.]]}} {{sc|'''insidat'''}} in sinu sedeat, legitur tamen et 'insideat', id est ut quidam uolunt insidias faciat. {{sc|'''at memor ille matris'''}} hoc est praeceptorum matris. 


{{ancora+|720|[[Aeneis/Liber I#720|720.]]}} {{sc|'''acidaliae'''}} Acidalia Venus dicitur uel quia inicit curas, quas Graeci g-akidas dicunt, uel certe a fonte Acidalio qui est in Orchomeno Boeotiae ciuitate, in quo se Gratiae lauant, quas Veneri esse constat sacratas; ipsius enim et Liberi filiae sunt: nec immerito; gratiae enim per horum fere numinum munera conciliantur. ideo autem nudae sunt, quod gratiae sine fuco esse debent, ideo conexae, quia insolubiles esse gratias decet: Horatius &quot;segnesque nodum soluere Gratiae&quot;. quod uero una auersa pingitur, duae nos respicientes, haec ratio est, quia profecta a nobis gratia duplex solet reuerti, unde est supra &quot;nec te certasse priorem paeniteat&quot;. sane Veneri multa nomina pro locis uel causis dicuntur inposita. nam Venerem uocari quidam propter promptam ueniam dicunt. alii &quot;Suadam&quot; appellant, quod ipsa conciliatio Suada sit. dicitur etiam &quot;Obsequens VenusV, quam Fabius Gurges post peractum bellum Samniticum ideo hoc nomine consecrauit, quod sibi fuerit obsecuta: hanc Itali &quot;Postuotam&quot; dicunt. dicta est etiam &quot;Equestris Venus&quot;, dicta et &quot;Cloacina&quot;, quia ueteres cloare purgare dixerunt. dicitur et &quot;Myrica&quot; et &quot;Myrtea&quot; et &quot;Purpurissa&quot;. est et &quot;Erycina&quot;, quam Aeneas secum aduexit. dicitur et &quot;Salacia&quot;, quae proprie meretricum dea appellata est a ueteribus, et &quot;Lubentina&quot;, quae lubentiam mentibus nouam praestat, quamuis alii hanc &quot;Lubiam&quot; dicant, quod eo numine consilia in medullas labantur. alii &quot;Mimnerniam&quot; uel &quot;Meminiam&quot; dicunt, quod meminerit omnium. est et &quot;Verticordia&quot;, est et &quot;Militaris VenusV, est et &quot;Limnesia&quot; quae portubus praeest. ipsa et &quot;Victrix&quot; et &quot;Genetrix&quot; ex Caesaris somnio sacrata. est et &quot;Venus Calua&quot; ob hanc causam, quod cum Galli Capitolium obsiderent et deessent funes Romanis ad tormenta facienda, prima Domitia crinem suum, post ceterae matronae imitatae eam exsecuerunt, unde facta tormenta, et post bellum statua Veneri hoc nomine collocata est, licet alii Caluam Venerem quasi puram tradant, alii Caluam, quod corda amantum caluiat, id est fallat atque eludat. quidam dicunt porrigine olim capillos cecidisse feminis et Ancum regem suae uxori statuam caluam posuisse, quod constitit piaculo; nam post omnibus feminis capilli renati sunt, unde institutum, ut Calua Venus coleretur. apud Cyprios Venus in modum umbilici, uel ut quidam uolunt, metae colitur. apud Ephesios &quot;Venerem Automatam&quot; dixerunt, uel &quot;Epidaetiam&quot;. ratio autem horum nominum talis est. Meliboea et Alexis amore se mutuo dilexerunt et iuramento se adstrinxerunt, ut cum tempus nuptiarum uenisset sibimet iungerentur: sed cum uirginem parentes sui alii despondissent et hoc Alexis uidisset, spontaneum subiit exilium. uirgo autem ipso nuptiarum die semet de tecto praecipitauit: quae cum inlaesa decidisset, in fugam conuersa peruenit ad litus ibique scapham ascendit, ex qua sponte funes soluti esse dicuntur. uoluntate itaque deorum peruecta est ubi amator morabatur: quam cum ille parans cum sodalibus conuiuium suscepisset, pro ipso rei euentu templum constituit. quod ergo sponte fuissent ⟨funes⟩ soluti, Automatae Veneri nomen sacrauit, quodque cum epulas pararet uirgo ei aquis fuisset aduecta, Epidaetiae sacrauit. {{sc|'''abolere sichaevm incipit'''}} ordo naturalis. prius enim est auellere inhaerentia, et post noua inferre. sic Terentius &quot;ut metum in quo nunc est adimam atque expleam animum gaudio&quot;. 

{{ancora+|721|[[Aeneis/Liber I#721|721.]]}} {{sc|'''vivo amore'''}}  aut uiui hominis, aut certe uehementi. {{sc|'''praevertere'''}} praeoccupare: propter Iunonem sine dubio. 

{{ancora+|722|[[Aeneis/Liber I#722|722.]]}} {{sc|'''resides'''}} pigros, ad amandum inertes; iurauerat enim nulli se esse nupturam. resides sane milites otiosi et pigri dicuntur, ut &quot;residesque mouebit Tullus in arma uiros&quot;. unde contra instantes dicimus industrios. 

{{ancora+|723|[[Aeneis/Liber I#723|723.]]}} {{sc|'''qvies epvlis'''}}  propter regalem affluentiam. contra supra ait &quot;postquam exempta fames&quot;. {{sc|'''mensaeqve remotae'''}} licet sub extranea persona, Romanorum tamen exsequitur morem, apud quos duae mensae erant: una epularum, altera poculorum. 

{{ancora+|724|[[Aeneis/Liber I#724|724.]]}} {{sc|'''crateras'''}} Graecum est ab eo quod est 'hic crater'; nam Latine haec cratera dicitur, unde Persius &quot;si tibi crateras argenti incusaque pingui auro dona feram&quot;. ET VINA CORONANT 'uina' pro poculis posuit, et est tropus synecdoche, ut Cererem dicimus pro frumento. sic Plautus &quot;uinum precemur; nam hic deus praesens adest&quot;. 'coronant' autem est aut inplent usque ad marginem, aut quia antiqui coronabant pocula, et sic libabant: unde est &quot;magnum cratera corona induit, inpleuitque mero&quot;. 

{{ancora+|725|[[Aeneis/Liber I#725|725.]]}} {{sc|'''it strepitvs tectis'''}}  id est ad tecta, ut &quot;it clamor caelo&quot;. legitur autem et 'fit strepitus tectis'. 

{{ancora+|726|[[Aeneis/Liber I#726|726.]]}} {{sc|'''atria'''}} ut supra diximus, tangit Romanam historiam; nam ut ait Cato et in atrio et duobus ferculis epulabantur antiqui: unde ait Iuuenalis &quot;quis fercula septem secreto cenauit auus?&quot; ibi etiam pecunias habebant: unde etiam qui honoratiores erant liminum custodes adhibebantur, ut &quot;qui Dardanio Anchisae armiger ante fuit, fidusque ad limina custos&quot;. ibi et culina erat: unde et atrium dictum est; atrum enim erat ex fumo. alii dicunt Atriam Etruriae ciuitatem fuisse, quae domos amplis uestibulis habebat: quae cum Romani imitarentur atria appellauerunt. alii atria magnas aedes et capacissimas dictas tradunt, unde atria Licinia et atrium Libertatis. {{sc|'''lychni'''}} graeco sermone usus est, ne uile aliquid introferret. a lychno autem lucerna dicta est, unde et breuis est 'lu', ut Iuuenalis &quot;dispositae pinguem nebulam uomuere lucernae&quot;. Horatius &quot;ungor oliuo, non quo furatis inmundus Natta lucernis&quot;. si enim a luce diceretur, non staret uersus. {{sc|'''laqvearibvs'''}} principaliter lacus dicitur, ut Lucilius &quot;resultant aedesque lacusque&quot;; diminutio lacunar facit, ut Horatius &quot;nec mea renidet in domo lacunar&quot;; inde fit alia diminutio lacunarium et per antistoichon laquearium. legitur et lacuaribus. Cicero Tusculanarum &quot;tectis caelatis lacuatis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|727|[[Aeneis/Liber I#727|727.]]}} {{sc|'''noctem vincvnt'''}}  luminis est exaggeratio. FUNALIA 'funalia' sunt quae intra ceram sunt, dicta a funibus, quos ante usum papyri cera circumdatos habuere maiores: unde et funera dicuntur, quod funes incensos mortuis praeferebant. alii funalia appellarunt quod in cicendula lucet, quos Graeci g-pursous uocant: Varro de uita P- R- &quot;facibus aut candela simplici ;aut ex eo funiculo facto, earum uestigia quod ubi ea figebant appellarunt funalia&quot;. non nulli apud ueteres candelabra dicta tradunt quae in capitibus uncinos haberent, quibus affigi solebant uel candelae uel funes pice delibuti: quae interdum erant minora, ut gestari manu et praeferri magistratibus a cena remeantibus possent. 

{{ancora+|728|[[Aeneis/Liber I#728|728.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} tunc; est ergo aduerbium temporis. 

{{ancora+|729|[[Aeneis/Liber I#729|729.]]}} {{sc|'''qvam belvs'''}}  primus rex Assyriorum, ut supra diximus, quos constat Saturnum, quem et Solem dicunt, Iunonemque coluisse, quae numina etiam apud Afros postea culta sunt. unde et lingua Punica Bal deus dicitur. apud Assyrios autem Bel dicitur quadam sacrorum ratione et Saturnus et Sol. alii hunc Belum Saturni temporibus regnasse eiusdemque dei hospitem fuisse tradunt. 


{{ancora+|730|[[Aeneis/Liber I#730|730.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm facta silentia tectis'''}}  mos erat apud ueteres, ut lumine incenso silentium praeberetur, ut optatiuam sibi laudem loquendo nullus auerteret. apud Romanos etiam cena edita sublatisque mensis primis silentium fieri solebat, quoad ea quae de cena libata fuerant ad focum ferrentur et in ignem darentur, ac puer deos propitios nuntiasset, ut diis honor haberetur tacendo que nos cum intercessit inter cenandum, Graeci quoque g-theohn g-parousian dicunt. 

{{ancora+|731|[[Aeneis/Liber I#731|731.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitibvs nam te dare ivra loqvvntvr'''}}  scilicet exemplo Lycaonis, qui cum hospites susceptos hospitio necaret, a suscepto Ioue, postquam ei epulas humanas adposuit, uersus in lupum ostendit hospitii iura non esse uiolanda. 

{{ancora+|732|[[Aeneis/Liber I#732|732.]]}} {{sc|'''tyriisqve diem'''}}  atqui nox erat, sed per 'diem' accipimus et noctem. et quidam uolunt masculini generis 'diem' bonum significare, feminini malum. {{sc|'''troiaqve profectis'''}} bene noluit 'profugis' dicere. 

{{ancora+|733|[[Aeneis/Liber I#733|733.]]}} {{sc|'''esse velis'''}}  secundum Etruscam disciplinam locutus est; sic enim dicunt 'uolens propitiusque sis'. 

{{ancora+|734|[[Aeneis/Liber I#734|734.]]}} {{sc|'''adsit laetitiae bacchvs dator'''}}  alii 'adsis' legunt, secundum quos 'Bacchus' aut antiptosis est, aut antiquus uocatiuus, ut &quot;socer arma Latinus habeto&quot;. {{sc|'''dator'''}} bene autem addidit 'dator laetitiae', quia est et dator furoris. {{sc|'''et bona ivno'''}} aut propitia, id est non irata Troianis, ut &quot;sis bonus o felixque tuis&quot;, aut magis 'bona' caelestis; est enim et inferna, ut &quot;Iunoni infernae dictus sacer&quot;. aut, sicut supra dictum est, chreste, quod est bona, quam inter penates Troiani habuisse dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|735|[[Aeneis/Liber I#735|735.]]}} {{sc|'''coetvm'''}} modo conuiuium; et bono uerbo ad dignitatem duorum in uno populorum usus est. 

{{ancora+|736|[[Aeneis/Liber I#736|736.]]}} {{sc|'''laticvm libavit honorem'''}}  more sacrorum: et tangit ritum Romanorum, qui panicias sacratasque mensas habebant, in quas libabant, ut est &quot;heus etiam mensas consumimus, inquit Iulus&quot;. {{sc|'''laticvm libavit honorem'''}} diis enim hospitalibus et Ioui in mensam libabatur. 

{{ancora+|737|[[Aeneis/Liber I#737|737.]]}} {{sc|'''libato'''}} delibato. {{sc|'''svmmo tenvs'''}} usque ad labra. {{sc|'''attigit ore'''}} et uerecundiam reginae ostendit, et morem Romanum. nam apud maiores nostros feminae non utebantur uino, nisi sacrorum causa certis diebus. denique femina quae sub Romulo uinum bibit occisa est a marito, Mecennius absolutus, id enim nomen marito. sic Granius Licinianus cenae suae. 

{{ancora+|738|[[Aeneis/Liber I#738|738.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm bitiae'''}}  per transitum Poenorum ducum nomina introducit. nam Bitias classis Punicae fuit praefectus, ut docet Liuius, Iopas uero rex Afrorum, unus de procis Didonis, ut Punica testatur historia. seruauit autem to prepon: quare non Aeneae dedit, ne aut contumeliosum uideretur aut petulans. {{sc|'''increpitans'''}} inclamans, ut &quot;aestatem increpitans seram&quot;, aut certe arguens familiariter segnitiem tarde accipientis, cum esset auidus in bibendo; nam sequitur 'ille inpiger'. melius tamen accipimus clara uoce hortatum, ut Plautus &quot;neque ego ad mensam publicas res clamo, neque leges crepo&quot; et Horatius &quot;quis post uina grauem militiam aut pauperiem crepet?&quot; {{sc|'''havsit'''}} modo accepit, nec possumus intellegere bibit, cum hoc sequatur 'et pleno se proluit auro'. alibi uidit, ut &quot;hausit caelum mentemque recepit&quot;, alibi audiuit, ut &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;, alibi uulnerat, ut &quot;latus haurit apertum&quot;. et multa alia pro loco significat. 

{{ancora+|739|[[Aeneis/Liber I#739|739.]]}} {{sc|'''prolvit'''}} bibendo profudit. 


{{ancora+|740|[[Aeneis/Liber I#740|740.]]}} {{sc|'''post alii proceres'''}}  ergo et Bitias unus est de proceribus; nam exoche sine similitudine numquam fit. sane 'proceres' de his est quae nominatiuum in usu non habent, ut supra &quot;et uictor dicione tenebat&quot;. nam nec hoc in usu habet nominatiuum, licet in conpositione dicamus condicio. proceres autem ideo secundum Varronem principes ciuitatis dicuntur, quia eminent in ea, sicut in aedificiis mutuli quidam, hoc est capita trabium, quae proceres nominantur. {{sc|'''crinitvs iopas'''}} aut puerum intellege, aut imitabatur Apollinis formam, cuius fuerat etiam artis imitator. 

{{ancora+|741|[[Aeneis/Liber I#741|741.]]}} {{sc|'''docvit qvae maximvs atlas'''}}  'quae' legendum est non 'quem'; nec enim istum docere potuit, qui Didonis erat temporibus, sed docuit Herculem: unde et dicitur ab Atlante caelum sustinuisse susceptum propter caeli scientiam traditam. constat enim Herculem fuisse philosophum, et ⟨haec⟩ est ratio, cur illa omnia monstra uidicit Nilum Melonem uocari, Atlantem uero Telamonem. {{sc|'''docvit qvae maximvs atlas'''}} id est quae ipse scit, quae ipse modulatus est - - hic Atlas Iapeti filius in Africa natus dicitur. hic quod annum in tempora diuiserit et primus stellarum cursus uel circulorum uel siderum transitus naturasque descripserit, caelum dictus est sustinere. qui nepotem suum Mercurium et Herculem docuisse dicitur. 

{{ancora+|742|[[Aeneis/Liber I#742|742.]]}} {{sc|'''hic canit'''}}  bene philosophica introducitur cantilena in conuiuio reginae adhuc castae: contra inter nymphas, ubi solae feminae erant, ait &quot;Vulcani Martisque dolos et dulcia furta&quot;. {{sc|'''errantem lvnam'''}} quia g-helikoeidehs est, id est obliquo incedit cursu, non recto, ut Sol: scilicet ne incidat in centrum terrae et frequenter patiatur eclipsin; uicinus enim est eius circulus terrae. SOLISQUE LABORES 'canit' per omnia intellegimus. planetae septem sunt, Saturnus Iuppiter Mars Sol Venus Mercurius Luna. sed quinque et contra mundum feruntur, et cum mundo quando retrogradi sunt; Sol uero et Luna semper contra mundum. ideo ergo dixit 'Solis labores': laborat enim nitens contra uenientis sphaerae uolubilitatem. nec nos debet Homerus mouere, qui ait g-hehlion g-akamanta; non enim eum dixit non laborare, sed laborem non sentire. {{sc|'''lvnam solisqve labores'''}} amat sane ubique Solem et Lunam iungere. 

{{ancora+|743|[[Aeneis/Liber I#743|743.]]}} {{sc|'''vnde hominvm genvs'''}}  si fabulam respicis, a Prometheo intellege, uel a Deucalione et Pyrrha; si autem ueritatem requiris, igni, alii de atomis, alii de quattuor elementis. {{sc|'''pecvdes'''}} pro omnibus posuit. {{sc|'''vnde imber'''}} scilicet de nubibus, quae secundum Lucretium de terrae anhelitu nascuntur, qui nebulas creat: quae cum altius fuerint eleuatae, aut solis calore resolutae aut ui uentorum conpressae mittunt leues pluuias uel exprimunt concitatiores. {{sc|'''et ignes'''}} scilicet ex nubium conlisione. nam omnium rerum conlisio ignem creat, ut in lapidibus cernimus, uel attritu rotarum, uel in siluis arborum. 

{{ancora+|744|[[Aeneis/Liber I#744|744.]]}} {{sc|'''arctvrvm'''}} stella est post caudam maioris ursae, posita in signo bootae, unde arcturus dicta est, quasi g-arktou g-oura. hanc quidam agere arcton dicunt, quia arceram ueteres uehiculum uocabant. haec autem ut fabulae loquuntur Callisto fuit, comes Dianae, quam Iuppiter mutatus in Dianam stuprauit, ex qua natus est filius nomine Arcas. cetera in libro I. georgicorum plenius narrata sunt. {{sc|'''plvviasqve hyadas'''}} hyades stellae sunt in fronte tauri, quae quotiens nascuntur pluuias creant: unde et Graece g-huades dictae sunt g-apo g-tou g-huein, Latine suculae a suco. sic ergo ait 'pluuiasque hyades', ut &quot;Plemyrium undosum&quot;. alii dicunt hyadas dictas uel ab y littera uel g-apo g-tou g-huos, id est sue, in cuius formatae sunt faciem: nam ideo eas quidam suculas, sues scilicet, dici tradunt. has quidam uergilias dicunt, quod uere florido oriantur. hae autem fuerunt ut alii dicunt, Atlantis filiae, ut alii Liberi nutrices, quae se in pelagus furore praecipitauerunt. alii Erechthei filias pro patria se morti obtulisse aiunt, quas Pliadas uocant, quod Pleiones filiae esse dicantur. quidam hyadas ab Hyante fratre, quem inuentum extinctum usque ad mortem doluerunt, dictas putant. {{sc|'''geminosqve triones'''}} id est septemtriones, id est Helicen et Cynosuram; non enim semper de duobus dicunt geminos, sed de pluribus. et proprie triones sunt boues aratorii, qui terram terunt. non ergo incongrue dixit 'triones', quia septemtriones plaustra a nonnullis dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|745|[[Aeneis/Liber I#745|745.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid'''}} quam ob causam 'properent se tinguere soles hiberni'. ratio hoc facit hemisphaerii, quia hieme breuiore sol utitur circulo. {{sc|'''tingvere'''}} demergere. {{sc|'''soles'''}} uero pro diebus posuit, ut &quot;tris adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|746|[[Aeneis/Liber I#746|746.]]}} {{sc|'''vel qvae tardis mora noctibvs obstet'''}}  id est aestiuis, tarde uenientibus; 'uel' enim disiunctiua est coniunctio, nec patitur bis eandem rem dici: ergo hoc dicit, quae causa est longorum dierum. sed et hic ratio hemisphaerii est. {{sc|'''tardis'''}} non longis. 

{{ancora+|747|[[Aeneis/Liber I#747|747.]]}} {{sc|'''ingeminant plavsv tyrii troesqve seqvvntvr'''}}  imitantur. et bono usus est ordine, ut prius plauderent ciues; nec enim aliter poterant audere peregrini, qui exspectabant, ut noscerent morem: unde supra et &quot;uos o coetum Tyrii celebrate fauentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|748|[[Aeneis/Liber I#748|748.]]}} {{sc|'''nec non et vario'''}}  arte poetica utitur, ut praemittat aliquid, quo sequens liber uideatur esse coniunctus: quod in omnibus seruat. 

{{ancora+|749|[[Aeneis/Liber I#749|749.]]}} {{sc|'''longvm'''}} hic permaturum, aut qui non erat nisi ipsius morte finiendus. {{sc|'''bibebat amorem'''}} adlusit ad conuiuium. sic Anacreon &quot;erota pinon&quot;. 


{{ancora+|750|[[Aeneis/Liber I#750|750.]]}} {{sc|'''svper priamo'''}}  de Priamo. nam eius praepositionis officio fungitur, pro qua ponitur, ut supra &quot;et sub noctem cura recursat&quot;, id est circa noctem. et sciendum, quod cum tempus significatur, 'sub' praepositio accusatiuo haeret semper. {{sc|'''rogitans'''}} scilicet quo modo sit uenditus rex; uel qui eum post decennale bellum exitus tulerit. 

{{ancora+|751|[[Aeneis/Liber I#751|751.]]}} {{sc|'''avrorae filivs'''}}  Memnon. ideo autem dixit 'quibus ar- mis', quia Vulcaniis armis usus fuisse narratur. {{sc|'''avrorae filivs armis'''}} quia etiam ei fecerat arma Vulcanus. qui cum auxilium Troianis ferret, apud Troiam occisus est. hic in tanto amore apud suos socios fuit, ut post eius mortem cum eum nimium deflerent miseratione deorum in aues conuersi dicantur et quotannis uenire ad tumulum eius et ibi lamentatione et fletibus se dilacerare, donec aliquantae ibidem moriantur. 

{{ancora+|752|[[Aeneis/Liber I#752|752.]]}} {{sc|'''qvales diomedis eqvi'''}}  non debemus eos equos intellegere, quos Aeneae sustulit, nec enim congruit; sed de his interrogat, quos sustulit Rheso. 'quales' autem dixit, ac si diceret, anne sic feroces ut illi a quibus ducebant originem. Diomedes enim, rex Thracum, habuit equos qui humanis carnibus uescebantur. hos Hercules occiso crudeli tyranno abduxisse perhibetur: de quibus dicuntur supra memorati equi originem ducere. aut ideo 'quales', qui potuerint esse ita diuini, ut inter fatalia Troiana numerarentur; nam ideo et supra &quot;ardentes&quot; ait. 

{{ancora+|753|[[Aeneis/Liber I#753|753.]]}} {{sc|'''immo age'''}}  uidit specialia cito posse finiri, et contulit se ad generalitatem. {{sc|'''et a prima dic hospes origine nobis'''}} id est a raptu Helenae: quod quidem Dido cupit, sed excusat Aeneas. et dicit ruinam se Troiae breuiter esse dicturum, habita ratione temporis, ut &quot;suadentque cadentia sidera somnos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|754|[[Aeneis/Liber I#754|754.]]}} {{sc|'''insidias danavm'''}}  hoc ad Troianorum fauorem, ne uideantur uirtute esse superati. et laudandum quod 'insidias' tantum dixerit, non et captum Ilium; nam et ipse Aeneas &quot;accipe nunc Danaum insidias&quot;. {{sc|'''casvsqve tvorvm'''}} ut euentu Troia corruerit, non fati necessitate. 

{{ancora+|755|[[Aeneis/Liber I#755|755.]]}} {{sc|'''erroresqve tvos'''}}  et responsio hunc ordinem sequitur. nam primo dicit Troiae ruinam, post errores suos. {{sc|'''septima aestas'''}} per aestates annos intellege; nam sic ante olympiadas conputabant. septem autem annos esse Dido cognouit ex Teucro.

{{liber
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|Post=Commentarius II
|PostNomen=../Liber II
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|Scriptor=Maurus Servius Honoratus
|OperaeTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|OperaeWikiPagina=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|Annus=circa 380 p.Ch.n.
|SubTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidos [[Aeneis/Liber I|librum I]] commentarius
|Editio=1884, Lipsiae; [[w:de:Georg Thilo|Georg Thilo]]
|Fons=[https://archive.org/details/invergiliicarmin01servuoft/page/1/mode/1up?view=theater archive.org] (partim)
}}
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{{Liber
|Ante=
|AnteNomen=
|Post=Commentarius II
|PostNomen=../Liber II
}}

==Prooemium==
{{gap|2em}}In exponendis auctoribus haec consideranda sunt: poetae uita, titulus operis, qualitas carminis, scribentis intentio, numerus librorum, ordo librorum, explanatio. Vergilii haec uita est. patre Vergilio matre Magia fuit; civis Mantuanus, quae civitas est Venetiae. diversis in locis operam litteris dedit; nam et Cremonae et Mediolani et Neapoli studuit. adeo autem uerecundissimus fuit, ut ex moribus cognomen acceperit; nam dictus est Parthenias. omni uita probatus uno tantum morbo laborabat; nam inpatiens libidinis fuit. primum ab hoc distichon factum est in Ballistam latronem:&lt;poem&gt;{{gap|2em}}{{spatium|Monte sub hoc lapidum tegitur Ballista sepultus: 
{{gap|2em}}nocte die tutum carpe uiator iter}}.&lt;/poem&gt;scripsit etiam septem sive octo libros hos : Cirin Aetnam Culicem Priapeia Catalepton Epigrammata Copam Diras. postea ortis bellis civilibus inter Antonium et Augustum, Augustus uictor Cremonensium agros, quia pro Antonio senserant, dedit militibus suis. qui cum non sufficerent, his addidit agros Mantuanos, sublatos non propter civium culpam, sed propter uicinitatem Cremonensium: unde ipse in bucolicis &quot;Mantua uae miserae nimium uicina Cremonae&quot;. amissis ergo agris Romam venit et usus patrocinio Pollionis et Maecenatis solus agrum quem amiserat meruit. tunc ei proposuit Pollio ut carmen bucolicum scriberet, quod eum constat triennio scripsisse et emendasse. item proposuit Maecenas Georgica, quae scripsit emendavitque septem annis. postea ab Augusto Aeneidem propositam scripsit annis undecim, sed nec emendavit nec edidit: unde eam moriens praecepit incendi. Augustus uero, ne tantum opus periret, Tuccam et Varium hac lege iussit emendare, ut superflua demerent, nihil adderent tamen: unde et semiplenos eius invenimus uersiculos, ut &quot;hic cursus fuit&quot;, et aliquos detractos, ut in principio; nam ab armis non coepit, sed sic:&lt;poem&gt;{{gap|2em}}{{spatium|Ille ego, qui quondam gracili modulatus avena
{{gap|2em}}carmen, et egressus siluis uicina coegi
{{gap|2em}}ut quamuis avido parerent arva colono,
{{gap|2em}}gratum opus agricolis, at nunc horrentia Martis
{{gap|2em}}arma uirumque cano}}.&lt;/poem&gt;et in secundo hos uersus constat esse detractos:&lt;poem&gt;{{gap|11em}}{{spatium|aut ignibus aegra dedere.
{{gap|2em}}iamque adeo super unus eram, cum limina Vestae
{{gap|2em}}servantem et tacitam secreta in sede latentem
{{gap|2em}}Tyndarida aspicio; dant clara incendia lucem
{{gap|2em}}erranti passimque oculos per cuncta ferenti.
{{gap|2em}}illa sibi infestos eversa ob Pergama Teucros
{{gap|2em}}et Danaum poenam et deserti coniugis iras
{{gap|2em}}praemetuens, Troiae et patriae communis erinys,
{{gap|2em}}abdiderat sese atque aris inuisa sedebat.
{{gap|2em}}exarsere ignes animo; subit ira cadentem
{{gap|2em}}ulcisci patriam et sceleratas sumere poenas.
{{gap|2em}}'scilicet haec Spartam incolumis patriasque Mycenas
{{gap|2em}}aspiciet, partoque ibit regina triumpho,
{{gap|2em}}coniugiumque domumque patres natosque uidebit,
{{gap|2em}}Iliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris?
{{gap|2em}}occiderit ferro Priamus? Troia arserit igni?
{{gap|2em}}Dardanium totiens sudarit sanguine litus?
{{gap|2em}}non ita. namque etsi nullum memorabile nomen
{{gap|2em}}feminea in poena est, habet haec uictoria laudem:
{{gap|2em}}extinxisse nefas tamen et sumpsisse merentis
{{gap|2em}}laudabor poenas, animumque explesse iuvabit
{{gap|2em}}† ultricis famam et cineres satiasse meorum.'
{{gap|2em}}talia iactabam et furiata mente ferebar,
{{gap|2em}}cum mihi se non ante alias}}.&lt;/poem&gt;{{c|{{font-size|110%|⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎}}}}
titulus est Aeneis, derivativum nomen ab Aenea, ut a Theseo Theseis. sic Iuvenalis &quot;uexatus totiens rauci Theseide Codri&quot;. qualitas carminis patet; nam est metrum heroicum et actus mixtus, ubi et poeta loquitur et alios inducit loquentes. est autem heroicum quod constat ex divinis humanisque personis, continens uera cum fictis; nam Aeneam ad Italiam venisse manifestum est, Venerem uero locutam cum Iove missumue Mercurium constat esse conpositum. est autem stilus grandiloquus, qui constat alto sermone magnisque sententiis. scimus enim tria esse genera dicendi, humile medium grandiloquum. intentio Vergilii haec est, Homerum imitari et Augustum laudare a parentibus; namque est filius Atiae, quae nata est de Iulia, sorore Caesaris, Iulius autem Caesar ab Iulo Aeneae originem ducit, ut confirmat ipse Vergilius a &quot;magno demissum nomen Iulo&quot;. de numero librorum nulla hic quaestio est, licet in aliis inveniatur auctoribus; nam Plautum alii dicunt unam et uiginti fabulas scripsisse, alii quadraginta, alii centum. ordo quoque manifestus est, licet quidam superflue dicant secundum primum esse, tertium secundum, et primum tertium, ideo quia primo Ilium concidit, post erravit Aeneas, inde ad Didonis regna pervenit, nescientes hanc esse artem poeticam, ut a mediis incipientes per narrationem prima reddamus et non numquam futura praeoccupemus, ut per uaticinationem: quod etiam Horatius sic praecepit in arte poetica &quot;ut iam nunc dicat iam nunc debentia dici, pleraque differat et praesens in tempus omittat&quot;: unde constat perite fecisse Vergilium. sola superest explanatio, quae in sequenti expositione probabitur. haec quantum ad Aeneidem pertinet dixisse sufficiat, nam bucolicorum et georgicorum alia ratio est. sciendum praeterea est quod, sicut nunc dicturi thema proponimus, ita ueteres incipiebant carmen a titulo carminis sui, ut puta &quot;arma uirumque cano&quot;, Lucanus &quot;Bella per Emathios&quot;, Statius &quot;Fraternas acies alternaque regna&quot;. 

{{ancora+|1|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|1.]]}} {{sc|'''arma'''}} multi uarie disserunt cur ab armis Vergilius coeperit, omnes tamen inania sentire manifestum est, cum eum constet aliunde sumpsisse principium, sicut in praemissa eius uita monstratum est. per 'arma' autem bellum significat, et est tropus metonymia. nam arma quibus in bello utimur pro bello posuit, sicut toga qua in pace utimur pro pace ponitur, ut Cicero &quot;cedant arma togae&quot;, id est bellum paci. alii ideo 'arma' hoc loco proprie dicta accipiunt, primo quod fuerint uictricia, secundo quod divina, tertio quod prope semper armis uirum subiungit, ut &quot;arma uirumque ferens&quot; et &quot;arma acri facienda uiro&quot;. {{sc|'''arma virvmqve'''}} figura usitata est ut non eo ordine respondeamus quo proposuimus; nam prius de erroribus Aeneae dicit, post de bello. hac autem figura etiam in prosa utimur. sic Cicero in Verrinis &quot;nam sine ullo sumptu nostro coriis, tunicis frumentoque suppeditato maximos exercitus nostros uestivit, aluit, armavit&quot;. non nulli autem hyperbaton putant, ut sit sensus talis 'arma uirumque cano, genus unde Latinum Albanique patres atque altae moenia Romae', mox illa revoces 'Troiae qui primus ab oris'; sic enim causa operis declaratur, cur cogentibus fatis in Latium venerit. et est poeticum principium professivum 'arma uirumque cano', inuocativum 'Musa mihi causas memora', narrativum 'urbs antiqua fuit'. et professivum quattuor modis sumpsit: a duce 'arma uirumque cano', ab itinere 'Troiae qui primus ab oris', a bello 'multa quoque et bello passus', a generis successu 'genus unde Latinum'. {{sc|'''virvm'''}} quem non dicit, sed circumstantiis ostendit Aeneam. et bene addidit post 'arma' 'uirum', quia arma possunt et aliarum artium instrumenta dici, ut &quot;Cerealiaque arma&quot;. {{sc|'''cano'''}} polysemus sermo est. tria enim significat: aliquando laudo, ut &quot;regemque canebant&quot;; aliquando divino, ut &quot;ipsa canas oro&quot;; aliquando canto, ut in hoc loco. nam proprie canto significat, quia cantanda sunt carmina. {{sc|'''troiae'''}} Troia regio est Asiae, Ilium civitas Troiae; plerumque tamen usurpant poetae et pro civitate uel regionem uel provinciam ponunt, ut Iuvenalis &quot;et flammis Asiam ferroque cadentem&quot;. Probus ait Troiam Graios et Aiax non debere per unam i scribi. {{sc|'''qvi primvs'''}} quaerunt multi, cur Aeneam primum ad Italiam venisse dixerit, cum paulo post dicat Antenorem ante aduentum Aeneae fundasse civitatem. constat quidem, sed habita temporum ratione peritissime Vergilius dixit. namque illo tempore, quo Aeneas ad Italiam venit, finis erat Italiae usque ad Rubiconem fluvium: cuius rei meminit Lucanus et Gallica certus limes ab Ausoniis disterminat arva colonis. unde apparet Antenorem non ad Italiam venisse, sed ad Galliam cisalpinam, in qua Venetia est. postea uero promotis usque ad Alpes Italiae finibus, novitas creavit errorem. plerique tamen quaestionem hanc uolunt ex sequentibus solui, ut uideatur ob hoc addidisse Vergilius 'ad Lavina litora', ne significaret Antenorem. melior tamen est superior expositio. ''{{sc|'''primvs'''}} {ergo} non ante quem nemo, sed post quem nullus, ⟨ut⟩ &quot;tuque o, cui prima furentem fundit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti et hic mihi responsum primus dedit&quot;. uel laudative 'primus', ut &quot;primam qui legibus urbem fundabit, Curibus paruis&quot;.'' {{sc|'''ab orbis'''}} speciem pro genere; nam oras terras generaliter debemus accipere. sane praepositionem mutavit, nam 'ex oris' melius potuit dicere.

{{ancora+|2|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|2.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam'''}} ars quidem hoc exigit, ut nominibus provinciarum praepositiones addamus, civitatum numquam. tamen plerumque peruerso ordine lectum est; nam ecce hoc loco detraxit provinciae praepositionem dicens 'Italiam venit' pro ad Italiam venit. Tullius in Verrinis &quot;ea die Verres ad Messanam venit&quot; pro Messanam venit. sane sciendum est usurpari ab auctoribus, ut uel addant uel detrahant praepositiones; namque ait Vergilius &quot;siluis te, Tyrrhene, feras agitare putasti&quot; pro in siluis. ut ergo illic detraxit loco praepositionem, sic hic provinciae. et est figura. Italia autem pars Europae est. Italus enim rex Siculorum profectus de Sicilia venit ad loca, quae sunt iuxta Tiberim, et ex nomine suo appellavit Italiam. ibi autem habitasse Siculos ubi est Laurolavinium, manifestum est, sicut ipse alio loco dicit &quot;Siculi ueteresque Sicani et gentes venere Sicanae saepius&quot;. sane 'Italiam' i contra naturam producta est, cum sit natura brevis. {{sc|'''fato profvgvs'''}} 'fato' ad utrumque pertinet, et quod fugit, et quod ad Italiam venit. et bene addidit 'fato', ne uideatur aut causa criminis patriam deseruisse, aut novi imperii cupiditate. profugus autem proprie dicitur qui procul a sedibus suis uagatur, quasi porro fugatus. multi tamen ita definiunt, ut profugos eos dicant qui exclusi necessitate de suis sedibus adhuc uagantur, et simul atque invenerint sedes, non dicantur profugi, sed exules. sed utrumque falsum est. nam et profugus lectus est qui iam sedes locavit, ut in Lucano &quot;profugique a gente uetusta Gallorum Celtae miscentes nomen Hiberis&quot;, et exul qui adhuc uagatur, ut in Sallustio &quot;qui nullo certo exilio uagabantur&quot;: adeo exilium est ipsa uagatio. quidam hic 'profugus' participium uolunt. sane non otiose fato profugum dicit Aeneam, uerum ex disciplina Etruscorum. est enim in libro qui inscribitur litterae iuris Etruriae scriptum uocibus Tagae, &quot;eum qui genus a periuris duceret, fato extorrem et profugum esse debere&quot;. porro a Laomedonte periuro genus ducit Aeneas, siquidem alibi ait &quot;satis iam pridem sanguine nostro Laomedonteae luimus periuria Troiae&quot;. {{sc|'''laviniaqve venit litora'''}} haec civitas tria habuit nomina. nam primum Lavinum dicta est a Lavino, Latini fratre; postea Laurentum a lauro inuenta a Latino, dum adepto imperio post fratris mortem civitatem augeret; postea Lavinium a Lavinia, uxore Aeneae. ergo 'Lavina' legendum est, non 'Lavinia', quia post aduentum Aeneae Lavinium nomen accepit, et aut Lavinum debuit dicere, sicut dixit, aut Laurentum. quamuis quidam superfluo esse prolepsin uelint. sane bene addidit 'Lavina', ut ostenderet ad quam partem Italiae venisset Aeneas, quia et multi alii eo tempore ad Italiam venerant, ut Capys, qui Capuam, Polites, qui Politorium condiderunt.

{{ancora+|3|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|3.]]}} {{sc|'''litora'''}} Laurolavinium constat octo milibus a mari remotam. nec nos debet fallere quia dixit 'Lavina litora'. litus enim dicitur terra quoque mari uicina, sicut ipse Vergilius in quarto &quot;cui litus arandum&quot;, cum per naturam litus arari non possit. ergo scire debemus, litus posse et terram dici. Fabius Maximus annalium primo &quot;tum Aeneas aegre patiebatur in eum devenisse agrum, macerrimum litorosissimumque&quot;. {{sc|'''mvltvm ille'''}} 'multille' conlisio est. et 'ille' hoc loco abundat; est enim interposita particula propter metri necessitatem, ut stet uersus: nam si detrahas 'ille', stat sensus; 'qui primus' enim ad omnia possumus trahere. sic alio loco &quot;nunc dextra ingeminans ictus, nunc ille sinistra&quot;. est autem archaismos. aut certe 'ille', quia haec particula more antiquo aut nobilitati aut magnitudini dabatur, ut &quot;ac uelut ille canum et saucius ille&quot;. {{sc|'''et terris iactatvs'''}} fatigatus est enim apud Thraciam monstro illo, quod e tumulo Polydori sanguis emanavit, apud Cretam pestilentia, apud Strophadas insulas Harpyiis, tempestate uero et in primo et in tertio. iactamur autem in mari fluctibus, fatigamur in terris. et bene duorum elementorum mala uno sermone conplexus est. {{sc|'''et alto'''}} modo mari, quia navigans Scyllam et Polyphemum effugit, perditus etiam est Orontes, amissus Palinurus et Misenus. altum tamen sciendum est quod et superiorem, ut &quot;Maia genitum demittit ex alto&quot; et inferiorem altitudinem significat; namque mensurae nomen est altitudo.

{{ancora+|4|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|4.]]}} {{sc|'''vi svpervm'''}} uiolentia deorum, secundum Homerum, qui dicit a Iunone rogatos esse deos in odium Troianorum: quod et Vergilius tetigit dicens &quot;uos quoque Pergameae iam fas est parcere genti, dique deaeque omnes&quot;. latenter autem defendit hac ratione Troianos, quod non suo merito eos insequebantur numina, sed Iunonis inpulsu. multi 'ui superum' posse accipi dicunt Irim Aeolum Iuturnam Iunonem, sed melius iudicant, ui quam superi habent. {{sc|'''saevae'''}} cum a iuvando dicta sit Iuno, quaerunt multi, cur eam dixerit saevam, et putant temporale esse epitheton, quasi saeva circa Troianos, nescientes quod saevam dicebant ueteres magnam. sic Ennius &quot;induta fuit saeva stola&quot;. item Vergilius cum ubique pium inducat Aeneam, ait &quot;maternis saevus in armis Aeneas&quot;, id est magnus. {{sc|'''memorem ivnonis ob iram'''}} constat multa in auctoribus inveniri per contrarium significantia: pro activis passiva, ut &quot;pictis bellantur Amazones armis&quot;; pro passivis activa, ut &quot;populatque ingentem farris aceruum&quot;. et haec uarietas uel potius contrarietas invenitur etiam in aliis partibus orationis, ut sit aduerbium pro aduerbio, ut est &quot;hoc tunc ignipotens caelo descendit ab alto&quot; pro huc; et in participio, ut &quot;et qua uectus Abas&quot; pro qua uehebatur; et in nomine, ut 'memorem Iunonis ob iram' non quae meminerat, sed quae in memoria erat. de his autem haec tantum quae lecta sunt ponimus nec ad eorum exemplum alia formamus. sane memor apud ueteres non tantum dicebatur g-ho g-memnehmenos, sed etiam g-ho g-mnehmon. et hoc per confusionem uerbi et nominis; nam 'memorem' est uerbi significatio, cum non sit nomen.

{{ancora+|5|[[Aeneis/Liber I#5|5.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta qvoqve et bello passvs'''}} hoc ad posteriores sex pertinet libros. sane duas coniunctiones separatas naturaliter nemo coniungit. sed hoc plerumque a poetis causa metri fit. ergo hic una uacat, sicut alio loco &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. Sallustius &quot;tyrannumque et Cinnam&quot;. {{sc|'''bello passvs'''}} contra Turnum. {{sc|'''dvm conderet vrbem'''}} tres hic sunt significationes. aut enim Troiam dicit, quam ut primum in Italiam venit, fecit Aeneas, de qua ait &quot;castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit&quot; et alio loco Mercurius &quot;nec te Troia capit&quot; - Troiam autem dici quam primum fecit Aeneas, et Livius in primo et Cato in originibus testantur - dum enim haec fieret, ab agrestibus propter uulneratum ceruum regium mota sunt bella: aut Laurolavinium, et significat 'dum' donec; tam diu enim dimicavit quam diu ad tempus faciendae civitatis veniret, id est donec Turnus occumberet: aut Romam, et est sensus dummodo conderet urbem. {aut Troiam aut Laurolavinium aut Romam significat.}

{{ancora+|6|[[Aeneis/Liber I#6|6.]]}} {{sc|'''inferretqve deos latio'''}} Latium duplex est, unum a Tiberi usque ad Fundos, aliud inde usque ad Vulturnum. denique ipse dixit &quot;ueteresque Latini&quot; ideo quia scit esse etiam novos, id est a Fundis usque ad Vulturnum. Latium autem dictum est, quod illic Saturnus latuerit. Saufeius Latium dictum ait, quod ibi latuerant incolae, qui quoniam in cavis montium uel occultis caventes sibi a feris beluis uel a ualentioribus uel a tempestatibus habitaverint Cascei uocati sunt, quos posteri Aborigines cognominarunt, quoniam aliis ortos esse recognoscebant. ex quibus Latinos etiam dictos. {{sc|'''inferretqve deos latio'''}} hoc est in Latium. et est figura usitata apud Vergilium. quod enim per accusativum cum praepositione dicimus ille per dativum ponit sine praepositione, sicut alibi &quot;it clamor caelo&quot; pro in caelum. 'deos' uero utrum penates, ut &quot;talibus attonitus uisis et uoce deorum&quot;, an se et Ascanium et posteros suos, de quibus dictum est &quot;dis genite et geniture deos&quot;? {{sc|'''genvs vnde latinvm'''}} si iam fuerunt Latini et iam Latium dicebatur, contrarium est quod dicit ab Aenea Latinos originem ducere. prima est iucunda absolutio, ut 'unde' non referas ad personam, sed ad locum; namque 'unde' aduerbium est de loco, non de ductu a persona. tamen Cato in originibus hoc dicit, cuius auctoritatem Sallustius sequitur in bello Catilinae, &quot;primo Italiam tenuisse quosdam qui appellabantur Aborigines. hos postea aduentu Aeneae Phrygibus iunctos Latinos uno nomine nuncupatos&quot;. ergo descendunt Latini non tantum a Troianis, sed etiam ab Aboriginibus. est autem uera expositio haec. novimus quod uicti uictorum nomen accipiunt. potuit ergo uictore Aenea perire nomen Latinum. sed uolens sibi favorem Latii conciliare nomen Latinum non solum illis non sustulit, sed etiam Troianis inposuit. merito ergo illi tribuit quod in ipso fuerat ut posset perire. unde et ipse inducit in duodecimo libro rogantem Iunonem, ne pereat nomen Latinum. item in execratione Didonis legimus &quot;nec cum se sub leges pacis iniquae tradiderit&quot;; iniqua enim pax est in qua nomen amittit ille qui uicit. sed ueteres 'unde' etiam ad personam adplicabant, ita ut ad omne genus, ad omnem numerum iungerent, ut hoc loco 'genus unde Latinum' masculino generi et numero singulari iunxit, alibi ⟨ad⟩ genus femininum et numerum pluralem refert, ut &quot;nymphae, Laurentes nymphae, genus amnibus unde est&quot;, sicut 'hinc' particulam, cum sit loci aduerbium, Terentius uetuste ad personam transtulit &quot;sed eccum Syrum incedere uideo: hinc iam scibo quid siet&quot;.

{{ancora+|7|[[Aeneis/Liber I#7|7.]]}} {{sc|'''albaniqve patres'''}} Albam ab Ascanio conditam constat, sed a quo incertum est, utrum a Creusae an a Laviniae filio: de qua re etiam Livius dubitat. hanc autem cum evertisset Tullus Hostilius, omnes nobiles familias Romam transtulit. et sciendum bene hunc ordinem semper servare Vergilium, ut ante dicat Latium, inde Albam, post Romam. quod et hoc loco fecit et in quinto libro, ut &quot;priscos docuit celebrare Latinos&quot; et deinde &quot;Albani docuere suos, nunc maxima porro accepit Roma et patrium servavit honorem&quot;. item in septimo libro &quot;mos erat Hesperio in Latio quem protinus urbes Albanae coluere sacrum, nunc maxima rerum Roma colit&quot;. {{sc|'''atqve altae moenia romae'''}} aut propter gloriam, aut propter aedificia ingentia, aut quia in montibus est posita.

{{ancora+|8|[[Aeneis/Liber I#8|8.]]}} {{sc|'''mvsa mihi cavsas memora'''}} 'mihi' longa hic, alibi brevis, ut &quot;mihique haec edissere uera roganti&quot;. sane in tres partes dividunt poetae carmen suum: proponunt inuocant narrant. plerumque tamen duas res faciunt et ipsam propositionem miscent inuocationi, quod in utroque opere Homerus fecit; namque hoc melius est. Lucanus tamen ipsum ordinem inuertit; primo enim proposuit, inde narravit, postea inuocavit, ut est &quot;nec si te pectore uates accipio&quot;. sane observandum est, ut non in omnibus carminibus numen aliquod inuocetur, nisi cum aliquid ultra humanam possibilitatem requirimus. hinc in arte poetica Horatius &quot;nec deus intersit nisi dignus uindice nodus inciderit&quot;. bene ergo inuocat Vergilius, non enim poterat per se iram numinis nosse. item in nono libro nisi adderet &quot;Iuno uires animumque ministrat&quot;, quis crederet Turnum evasisse de castris? et hic {{sc|'''mvsa'''}} non addidit g-menin g-aeide g-thea. sed 'musa mihi causas memora' pro adesto, ut memores. sane musas multi novem, multi septem dixerunt. his Numa aediculam aeneam brevem fecerat, quam postea de caelo tactam et in aede Honoris et Virtutis conlocatam Fuluius Nobilior in aedem Herculis transtulit, unde aedes Herculis et Musarum appellatur. has alii uirgines perhibent; nam ideo et porcam eis sacrificari aiunt, quod multum pariat. alii eis etiam filios dant, Orpheum Linum sirenas. alii has octo, ut Athenis uisuntur, alii quattuor dicunt, alias Boeotias, alias Atthidas, alias Siculas. has musas Siculus Epicharmus non musas, sed g-homonoousas dicit. {{sc|'''qvo nvmine laeso'''}} 'quo' in quo, in qua causa. et est septimus casus et communis elocutio; dicimus enim 'quo te laesi'. est et alia expositio. namque Iuno multa habet numina: est Curitis, quae utitur curru et hasta, ut est &quot;hic illius arma, hic currus fuit&quot;; est Lucina, quae partibus praeest, ut &quot;Iuno Lucina fer opem&quot;; est regina, ut &quot;quae divum incedo regina&quot;; sunt et alia eius numina. merito ergo dubitat quod eius laeserit numen Aeneas. alii tamen dicunt separandum esse, ut de odio Iunonis non dubitet, quaerat autem quod aliud numen est laesum. {{sc|'''qvo nvmine laeso'''}} ideo trahitur in ambiguitatem et requirit in quo Iunonis numen laesit Aeneas, quia in ipsum certa non erant odia, sed in gentem propter causas paulo post dicendas. alii 'numen' uoluntatem accipiunt. 'laeso' autem dicendo ipso uerbo ostendit, etiamsi fuisset, levissimam culpam fuisse; non enim dixit 'uiolato' aut 'iniuriam passo'. 9 {{sc|'''qvidve dolens'''}} bene philosophice dubitavit. dicunt enim quidam ad deos nihil pertinere. {{sc|'''volvere casvs'''}} id est casibus uolui. et est figura hypallage, quae fit quotienscumque per contrarium uerba intelleguntur. sic alibi &quot;dare classibus austros&quot;, cum uentis naves demus, non navibus uentos. item &quot;animumque labantem inpulit&quot;, hoc est inpellendo fecit labantem. 

{{ancora+|10|[[Aeneis/Liber I#10|10.]]}} {{sc|'''INSIGNEM'''}} PIETATE VIRUM quia patrem et deos penates de Troia sustulit. et hic ostendit merito se inuocasse musam. nam si iustus est Aeneas, cur odio deorum laborat?

{{ancora+|11|[[Aeneis/Liber I#11|11.]]}} {{sc|'''tantaene animis caelestibvs irae'''}} hic iam non de qua litate iracundiae, sed de quantitate quaerit; nimia etenim ira est quae pietatis non habet considerationem. et hoc quidem secundum Stoicos dicit, {sed miratur, cur tantum} nam Epicurei dicunt deos humana penitus non curare. 'tantaene' quasi exclamatio est mirantis, cum es ipsa narratione sententiam trahentes nostram personam interponimus, ut &quot;'tanton' placuit concurrere motu&quot;. non nulli 'tantaene' legunt, ut interrogatio sit potius quam exclamatio. {{sc|'''animis caelestibvs'''}} dis superis, nam apud inferos constat esse iracundiam, ubi sunt Furiae. 'animis' uero g-tois g-thumois.

{{ancora+|12|[[Aeneis/Liber I#12|12.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbs antiqva fvit'''}} urbs dicta ab orbe, quod antiquae civitates in orbem fiebant; uel ab uruo, parte aratri, quo muri designabantur. et 'antiqua' autem et 'fuit' bene dixit, namque et ante septuaginta annos urbis Romae condita erat, et eam deleverat Scipio Aemilianus. quae autem nunc est postea a Romanis est condita: unde antiquam accipe et ad conparationem istius quae nunc est, et Roma antiquiorem. alii 'antiqua' nobilis, 'fuit' autem pro 'erat' accipiunt. {{sc|'''tyrii tenvere coloni'''}} deest 'quam', uel ut alii uolunt 'hanc': amant namque antiqui per epexegesin dicere quod nos interposito pronomine exprimimus. item &quot;est locus Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt&quot; deest 'quem'. 'coloni' autem dicuntur cultores advenae, et hos de Tyro constat venisse qui Carthaginem condiderunt. sane ueteres colonias ita definiunt: colonia est coetus eorum hominum qui universi deducti sunt in locum certum aedificiis munitum, quem certo iure obtinerent. alii: colonia est quae graece g-apoikia uocatur; dicta autem est a colendo; est autem pars civium aut sociorum missa, ubi rem publicam habeant ex consensu suae civitatis, aut publico eius populi unde profecta est consilio. hae autem coloniae sunt quae ex consensu publico, non ex secessione sunt conditae.

{{ancora+|13|[[Aeneis/Liber I#13|13.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam contra'''}} constat tria latera habere Italiam, superi maris, inferi, Alpium: unde tollendi erroris causa adiecit 'contra Tiberina ostia', quae in infero mari sunt. aut certe {ideo} 'Italiam contra' quasi de aemula dictum accipiamus, ut non tantum situ quantum et animis contra. Ostiam uero ideo ueteres consecratam esse uoluerunt, sicut Tiberim, ut si quid bello navali ageretur, id auspicato fieret ex maritima et effata urbe, ut ubique coniunctum auspici, ut Tiberis, cum colonia esset. {{sc|'''longe'''}} ualde. Sallustius &quot;longe alia mihi mens est patres conscripti&quot;. aut certe 'maxime' uel 'praecipue', ut sit Carthago praecipue posita contra Tiberina ostia. Cicero pro Rabirio &quot;et cum universo populo Romano, tum uero equestri ordini longe carissimus&quot;. 'Tiberina' autem pro Tiberis posuit. quidam sane ita uolunt iungi, non 'longe ostia', sed 'longe dives', id est ualde dives.

{{ancora+|14|[[Aeneis/Liber I#14|14.]]}} {{sc|'''dives opvm'''}} modo tantum dives dicimus, antiqui adiungebant cuius rei, ut &quot;dives equum, dives pictai uestis et auri&quot; iungentes tantum genetivo casui. {{sc|'''stvdiisqve asperrima belli'''}} causam ostendit mirabilem, dicens hos esse et bellicosos et divites, cum otiosa semper sit opulentia. iure ergo hanc diligit Iuno et uult orbis regna sortiri. quae res odia eius in Troianos exagitat. et bene 'studiis', non 'studio', quia ter rebellavit contra populum Romanum.

{{ancora+|15|[[Aeneis/Liber I#15|15.]]}} {{sc|'''dicitvr'''}} dicitur. et ingenti arte Vergilius, ne in rebus fabulosis aperte utatur poetarum licentia, quasi opinionem sequitur et per transitum poetico utitur more. uel certe 'fertur' creditur. {{sc|'''magis'''}} pro ualde.

{{ancora+|16|[[Aeneis/Liber I#16|16.]]}} {{sc|'''posthabita'''}} non contempta, sed in secundis habita; namque in superiore uersu dixit 'magis', ut etiam originali loco seruetur adfectio. {{sc|'''samo'''}} sic Iuvenalis &quot;et Samia genetrix quae delectatur harena&quot;. {{sc|'''colvisse'''}} SAMO deest 'etiam', ut esset 'posthabita etiam Samo'. 'coluisse' autem, quia ueteres colere dicebant etiam cum maior minorem diligeret, ut &quot;ille colit terras&quot;. Plautus in Poenulo &quot;Iuppiter qui genus colis alisque hominum&quot;. {{sc|'''hic illivs arma'''}} figura creberrima aduerbium pro aduerbio posuit, praesentis loci pro absentis; debuit enim dicere 'illic'. {{sc|'''arma'''}} instructam armis Iunonem in alio loco ipse testatur, ut &quot;ferro accincta uocat&quot;.

{{ancora+|17|[[Aeneis/Liber I#17|17.]]}} {{sc|'''cvrrvs'''}} aut uere currum quo secundum Homerum in bello utitur, aut thensam significat, qua deorum simulacra portantur. thensa autem cum aspiratione scribitur g-apo g-tou g-theiou, id est a re divina. aut certe illud 'currus' quod ait &quot;ductos alta ad donaria currus&quot;. habere enim Iunonem currus certum est. sic autem esse etiam in sacris Tiburtibus constat, ubi sic precantur &quot;Iuno curitis tuo curru clipeoque tuere meos curiae uernulas&quot;. sane {{sc|'''hic illivs arma, hic cvrrvs fuit'''}} quotienscumque nomina pluralis et singularis numeri conectuntur, respondemus uiciniori, ut ecce hoc loco currui, non armis respondit. eadem et in diversis generibus est observatio, ut magis uicino, sive masculinum sit sive femininum respondeamus, ut puta 'uir et mulier magna ad me venit'. si autem plurali numero uelimus uti, ad masculinum transeamus necesse est, ut 'uir et mulier magni ad me venerunt'. sane 'fuit' pro fuerat. {{sc|'''gentibvs'''}} pro gentium, dativum pro genetivo.

{{ancora+|18|[[Aeneis/Liber I#18|18.]]}} {{sc|'''siqva'''}} 'qua' uacat et est ornatus causa positum, ut 'que' 'tandem' 'gentium' 'locorum' et reliqua, ut &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. {{sc|'''iam tvm'''}} ex quo constituta est a Tyriis colonis. {{sc|'''tenditqve fovetqve'''}} figurate dixit. non enim iam regnum fovet, sed tendit et fovet, ut regnum esse possit. et bene 'tendit', tamquam contra uerum, 'fovet' autem tamquam inbecillam aduersus Troianorum conatus. {{sc|'''progeniem'''}} uel Romanos, uel ut quidam uolunt Scipionem, qui Carthaginem diruit.

{{ancora+|19|[[Aeneis/Liber I#19|19.]]}} {{sc|'''dvci'''}} ductum iri. infinitivi modi a passivo tempus praesens pro futuro posuit, uerbum pro uerbo, ut supra ostensum est. 

{{ancora+|20|[[Aeneis/Liber I#20|20.]]}} {{sc|'''avdierat'''}} a Iove aut a Fatis. non enim omnia numina habent divinandi facultatem; denique ne ipse quidem Apollo sua sponte divinat, ut est &quot;quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo praedixit&quot;. et perite 'audierat'; in Ennio enim inducitur Iuppiter promittens Romanis excidium Carthaginis. {{sc|'''avdierat'''}} bene audierat quasi de incertis rebus, ut et timeret et speraret omnia pro sua uoluntate posse mutari. {{sc|'''tyrias arces'''}} Carthaginem dicit, quam Tyrii condiderunt. 'arces' autem ab eo quod est arceo dictae, quia inde hostes arcentur, id est prohibentur; et arcus, genus teli, quod huius ministerio sagittae arceant hostem. sane per confusionem uerbi et nominis dictum est; nam 'arces' est uerbum, arceo arces, cum non sit nomen. {{sc|'''olim'''}} quandoque. et tria tempora significat: praeteritum, ut &quot;olim arbos, nunc artificis manus aere decoro inclusit patribusque dedit gestare Latinis&quot;; praesens, ut &quot;tumidis quod fluctibus olim tunditur&quot;; futurum, ut &quot;nunc olim quocumque dabunt se tempore uires&quot;.

{{ancora+|21|[[Aeneis/Liber I#21|21.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc popvlvm late regem'''}} a Romanis. laudat autem eorum imperium dicendo 'populum regem'. {{sc|'''late regem'''}} pro late regnaturum, nomen pro participio. quidam hoc demokratikos intellegunt. et 'hinc populum late regem belloque superbum uenturum excidio Libyae sic uoluere parcas' in Probi adpuncti sunt et adnotatum &quot;hi duo si eximantur, nihilo minus sensus integer erit&quot;. sed Vergilius amat aliud agens exire in laudes populi Romani. {{sc|'''svperbvm'''}} nobilem, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;. {{sc|'''belloqve svperbvm'''}} id est eminentem, gloriosum.

{{ancora+|22|[[Aeneis/Liber I#22|22.]]}} {{sc|'''ventvrvm'''}} futurum, ut &quot;idem uenturos tollemus in astra nepotes&quot;. {{sc|'''ventvrvm excidio'''}} ad excidium. nota figura. {{sc|'''libyae'''}} Carthaginis. et provinciam pro civitate posuit. dicta autem Libya uel quod inde libs fiat, hoc est africus, uel ut Varro ait, quasi {{sc|''λιπιυια''}}, id est egens pluviae. sic Sallustius &quot;caelo terraque penuria aquarum&quot;. {{sc|'''volvere parcas'''}} aut a filo traxit 'uoluere' aut a libro; una enim loquitur, altera scribit, alia fila deducit. et dictae sunt parcae g-kata g-antiphrasin, quod nulli parcant, sicut lucus a non lucendo, bellum a nulla re bella. nomina parcarum Clotho Lachesis Atropos.

{{ancora+|23|[[Aeneis/Liber I#23|23.]]}} {{sc|'''id metvens'''}} bis idem. archaismos. sane de futuro timor est, odium de praeteritis. metuebat ergo Carthagini, odium autem habebat propter causas sequentes. et est de utroque exemplum &quot;conveniunt quibus aut odium crudele tyranni aut metus acer erat&quot;. {{sc|'''veteris belli'''}} quantum ad Vergilium pertinet, antiqui; si ad Iunonem referas, diu id est per decennium gesti. tunc autem ad personam referendum est, cum ipsa loquitur; quod si nulla persona sit, ad poetam refertur. nunc ergo 'ueteris' ex persona poetae intellegendum. sic ipse in alio loco &quot;mirantur dona Aeneae, mirantur Iulum flagrantesque dei uultus&quot; partem ad se rettulit, partem ad Tyrios, qui deum eum esse nesciebant. {{sc|'''satvrnia'''}} antonomasia est, non epitheton; quae fit quotiens pro proprio nomine ponitur quod potest esse cum proprio nomine et epitheton dici. 'Saturnia' autem nomen quasi ad crudelitatem aptum posuit; Vergilius enim ubicumque Iovi uel Iunoni Saturni nomen adiungit, causas eis crudelitatis adnectit, ut &quot;nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aequis&quot;. et alibi &quot;es germana Iovis Saturnique altera proles: irarum tantos uoluis sub pectore fluctus&quot;.

{{ancora+|24|[[Aeneis/Liber I#24|24.]]}} {{sc|'''prima'''}} atqui Hercules prior contra Troianos pugnavit: unde modo 'prima' princeps accipienda est. nam poeta plerumque significationem nominum dat participiis, uel contra, ut &quot;uoluentibus annis&quot;, significat enim uolubilibus. hac licentia et in hoc nomine usus est, ut primam pro principe poneret. {{sc|'''prima'''}} inter primos; alii pro olim; alii 'prima' simpliciter, postea enim alii dii interesse coeperunt; alii 'prima' non ordine, sed uoluntate. aliter &quot;primusque Machaon&quot;; ibi enim in primis intellegitur. {{sc|'''ad troiam'''}} 'ad' et 'apud' accusativae sunt praepositiones, sed 'apud' semper in loco significat, 'ad' et in loco et ad locum, ut &quot;ad quem tum Iuno supplex his uocibus usa est, et Cicero decem fiscos ad senatorem quendam relictos&quot;, item &quot;ad Marcum Laecam te habitare uelle dixisti&quot;. {{sc|'''caris argis'''}} illic enim eam coli omnibus notum est. Argos autem in numero singulari generis neutri est, ut Horatius &quot;aptum dicet equis Argos ditesque Mycenas&quot;, in plurali numero masculini, ut hi Argi. ceterum derivatio nominis Argivos facit, non Argos.

{{ancora+|25|[[Aeneis/Liber I#25|25.]]}} {{sc|'''necdvm etiam'''}} aduerbium temporis. quis ante hunc? {{sc|'''cavsae irarvm'''}} nunc de praeteritis loquitur. non nulli tamen pro causa et dolore dictum accipiunt. {{sc|'''saevi'''}} autem {{sc|'''dolores'''}} quod saevire faciant.

{{ancora+|26|[[Aeneis/Liber I#26|26.]]}} {{sc|'''alta mente repostvm'''}} secreta, recondita. 'repostum' autem syncope est; unam enim de medio syllabam tulit. sed cum omnes sermones aut integri sint aut pathos habeant, hi qui pathos habent ita ut lecti sunt debent poni: quod etiam Maro fecit, nam &quot;repostos&quot; et &quot;porgite&quot; de Ennio transtulit: integris autem et ipsis utimur et eorum exemplo aliis.

{{ancora+|27|[[Aeneis/Liber I#27|27.]]}} {{sc|'''ivdicivm paridis'''}} nota fabula est de malo aureo, Paridem pro Venere contra Iunonem Minervamque iudicasse de forma. et bene 'iudicium Paridis', non favor, ne re uera uideatur offensa. sic enim agit poeta, ut et Iuno causas irascendi habeat, et tamen in Aenea nulla sit culpa. {{sc|'''spretaeqve inivria fomae'''}} epexegesis est, hoc enim fuit iudicium Paridis: ut 'que' particula uacet, sicut illo loco &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. licet multi separent dicentes aliud esse; numquam enim coniunctio ponitur nisi inter duas res. et 'spretae formae' referunt ad Antigonam, Laomedontis filiam, quam a Iunone propter formae adrogantiam in ciconiam constat esse conuersam.

{{ancora+|28|[[Aeneis/Liber I#28|28.]]}} {{sc|'''et genvs invisvm'''}} propter Dardanum Electrae paelicis filium. {{sc|'''rapti'''}} stuprati, ut est &quot;rapta Garamantide nympha&quot;. item &quot;et raptas sine more Sabinas&quot;. uel certe quod ad caelum raptus sit a Iove per aquilam, ut &quot;sublimem pedibus rapuit Iovis armiger uncis&quot;. {{sc|'''ganymedis honores'''}} Troi, regis Troianorum, filii. 'honores' autem dixit uel propter ministerium poculorum, quod exhibuit diis remota Hebe, Iunonis filia, uel quod inter sidera conlocatus aquarii nomen accepit. ergo irascitur Iuno quod non ob hoc tantum raptus sit, ut pocula ministraret, sed quod ideo uiolatus sit, ut divinos honores consequeretur. aut 'honores' propter formam, ut &quot;et laetos oculis adflarat honores&quot;. sane hic Ganymedes Latine Catamitus dicitur, licet Theodotius, qui Iliacas res perscripsit, hunc fuisse Belin Chaldaeum dicat et Laomedonti praedixisse, tunc perituram et civitatem et regnum Troianum, cum de monte Metios sponte fuisset saxum elapsum: quod cum evenisset, postea Ilium esse dirutam.

{{ancora+|29|[[Aeneis/Liber I#29|29.]]}} {{sc|'''his accensa svper'''}} 'his super' aut de his, aut super metum Carthaginis his quoque accensa. 

{{ancora+|30|[[Aeneis/Liber I#30|30.]]}} {{sc|'''troas'''}} bona oeconomia ostendit, totum genus Troianorum inuisum fuisse Iunoni, quia inlaturus est Minervam ob unius hominis delictum etiam eos quos amaverat perdidisse. {{sc|'''relliqvias'''}} ut stet uersus geminavit, nam in prosa reliquias dicimus. 'relliquias' autem 'Danaum' dupliciter et a Troianis et a Graecis dici possunt, ut &quot;et nostro sequitur de uulnere sanguis&quot;. {{sc|'''atqve inmitis achilli'''}} bene secundum Homerum segregat duces a populo. sic Aeneas in secundo post omnium casum Priami separavit interitum, ut &quot;forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras&quot;. inmitem autem dixit etiam circa extinctum crudelem. et ideo intulit Achillem praecipue, quod Aeneas cum Achille congressus sit et ut in quinto ait Neptuni beneficio liberatus. {{sc|'''achilli'''}} propter homoioteleuton detraxit s litteram, quae plerumque pro sibilo habetur non solum necessitatis, sed etiam euphoniae causa: nam alibi ipse ait &quot;nec equis adspirat Achillis&quot;: ut Sallustius &quot;a principio urbis ad bellum Persi Macedonicum&quot;. detrahitur autem tertiae declinationis genetivo. sane apud Sigeum Achillis statua fuisse dicitur, quae in lanna, id est in extima auris parte elenchum more femineo habuerit. hic apud Cretam insulam pemptus uocatus est, ut ueteres auctores tradunt.

{{ancora+|31|[[Aeneis/Liber I#31|31.]]}} {{sc|'''arcebat'''}} prohibebat. significat autem et 'continet'. Ennius &quot;qui fulmine claro omnia per sonitus arcet&quot;, id est continet. 

{{ancora+|32|[[Aeneis/Liber I#32|32.]]}} {{sc|'''acti fatis'''}}  nulla Iunonis inuidia est. {{sc|'''acti fatis'''}}  si odio Iunonis fatigabantur, quo modo dicit 'acti fatis'? sed hoc ipsum Iunonis odium fatale est. laborat enim Vergilius nihil Troianorum meritis, sed omnia fatis adscribere. est et alter sensus; nam fatum uoluntatem legimus, ut &quot;fatis Iunonis iniquae&quot;, id est uoluntate, ut hic intellegamus, agebantur fatis Iunonis, id est uoluntate. uel 'fatis' pro malis, ut &quot;nate Iliacis exercite fatis&quot;. {{sc|'''maria omnia'''}}  {{sc|'''circvm'''}} in fine accentum ponimus contra morem Latinum: sed corruptio hoc facit; namque praepositio postposita corrupta est sine dubio. 

{{ancora+|33|[[Aeneis/Liber I#33|33.]]}} {{sc|'''molis'''}} difficultatis. in sequentibus proprie &quot;miratur molem Aeneas&quot;. {{sc|'''romanam condere gentem'''}}  latenter ostendit hinc odium Iunonis Aeneam pertulisse, quod Romanae gentis auctor extabat. 

{{ancora+|34|[[Aeneis/Liber I#34|34.]]}} {{sc|'''vix'''}} hoc loco mox significat uel statim. {{sc|'''e conspectv'''}}  ut adhuc de Sicilia possent uideri. et ut Homerus omisit initia belli Troiani, sic hic non ab initio coepit erroris. 

{{ancora+|35|[[Aeneis/Liber I#35|35.]]}} {{sc|'''laeti'''}} uel alacres et ueloces, ut est &quot;et laetus eois Eurus equis&quot;, item &quot;et uirgea laetus pabula&quot;, id est festinus, cum intentione; uel re uera laeti, quamquam incongruum sit post Anchisae mortem. sed et interitus senum minus doletur, et 'magis laetos' intellegendum est, ut sit causa maior iracundiae. sic enim et in septimo Iuno irascitur, ubi &quot;laetum Aenean Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno&quot;. uel 'laeti' g-prothumoi, ut &quot;omnisque iuventus laeta&quot;. {{sc|'''salis'''}} maris secundum Homerum. salem autem quo utimur singulari numero tantum dicimus; cum iocos significamus pluralem tantum ponimus numerum, ut Lucanus &quot;non soliti lusere sales&quot;. aliquando autem etiam urbanitatem per singularem numerum significamus, ut Terentius &quot;qui habet salem, quod in te est&quot;, id est quae res in te est, masculini enim generis est, non neutri: et neutra triptota sunt, nec ab hoc accusativo nominativus esse potest 'hoc salem'. 

{{ancora+|36|[[Aeneis/Liber I#36|36.]]}} {{sc|'''svb pectore'''}}  pro in pectore. {{sc|'''vvlnvs'''}} de praeterito dolorem dixit, de futuro metum, ad utrumque 'uulnus' rettulit. 

{{ancora+|37|[[Aeneis/Liber I#37|37.]]}} {{sc|'''haec secvm'''}}  subaudimus locuta est, deest enim. et hoc fictum est, ut superius diximus. unde enim hoc sciret poeta? bene autem inpatientiam doloris ostendit detrahendo ei solatia, ut in quarto solam inducit Didonem &quot;en quid ago?&quot; {{sc|'''haec secvm'''}}  quia uehementior adfectus est sine conscio, ut &quot;et casum insontis mecum indignabar amici&quot; et &quot;crudelia secum fata Lyci&quot;. e contrario &quot;quicum partiri curas&quot;. {{sc|'''mene'''}} 'ne' non uacat, significat enim ergo et est coniunctio rationalis. {{sc|'''incepto desistere'''}}  tolerabilius enim est non inchoare, quam incepta deserere, ut Terentius &quot;uerum si incipias, neque pertendas naviter&quot;. et 'mene' sic habet emphasin, ut &quot;ast ego, quae divum incedo regina&quot;. {{sc|'''victam'''}} sic et in septimo &quot;uincor ab Aenea&quot;. se uictam pronuntiat uelut uictam. alii iratam tradunt. 

{{ancora+|38|[[Aeneis/Liber I#38|38.]]}} {{sc|'''nec posse italia'''}}  detraxit more suo praepositionem provinciae; non enim dixit 'de Italia', sed 'Italia'. {{sc|'''tevcrorvm'''}} quia Teucer et Scamandrus Creta profecti Troiam venerunt. facta ascensione hospitio a Dardano accepti de advenis cives facti, quia Batiam, Teucri filiam, Dardanus sibi iunxit et populares suos socero cognomines fecit. {{sc|'''avertere'''}} id est in perpetuum. {{sc|'''regem'''}} hoc est, quia nihil amisit, rex est. et mire Aeneam noluit nominare. honorantur enim minores a maioribus si suo nomine fuerint nominati, ut &quot;Aeole, namque tibi&quot;. contra contumelia est si maiores a minoribus suo nomine nominantur, ut &quot;Iunonis gravis ira&quot;. et &quot;pacem te poscimus omnes Turne&quot;. et bene 'regem' inuidiose; non enim dixit Troianos, sed unum hominem Troianum. 

{{ancora+|39|[[Aeneis/Liber I#39|39.]]}} {{sc|'''qvippe vetor fatis'''}}  re uera, inquit, fata me prohibent. ergo Iuno ignorat uim fatorum. sed hoc non possumus dicere, quia superius lectum est &quot;si qua fata sinant et audierat&quot;. hoc ergo est. omnis res hominum aut ex nostra uoluntate descendit, ut puta sedere surgere; aut ex fati necessitate, ut nasci mori; aut ex deorum uoluntate, ut navigare uel honoribus frui. nunc de navigatione agitur; et bene inuidiose, quasi etiam huius rei potestatem ei possint fata detrahere. est et alter sensus latens, ut speret se reginam contra exulum fata posse aliquid, si Minervae numen inferius ualuit contra fata uictorum. PALLASNE Minerva g-apo g-tou g-pallein g-to g-doru, id est ab hastae concussione; uel quod Pallantem gigantem occiderit. sane opportune hic Aiacis naufragium ad exemplum adfert, cum de naufragio Aeneae cogitat. et cum bellum meditatur, belli exemplum adfert &quot;Mars perdere gentem inmanem Lapithum ualuit&quot;. 'ne' autem coniunctio expletiva uidetur. an aliter? {{sc|'''exvrere'''}} exuri dicitur de quo nihil superest, ut &quot;quid memorem exustas Erycino in litore classes?&quot; {{sc|'''classem'''}} ad inuidiam posuit, ut pro una navi classem dicat. sic Venus &quot;navibus infandum amissis&quot;, cum Orontes solus perisset. aut re uera unam navem significat, ut Horatius &quot;me uel extremos Numidarum in agros classe releget&quot;. classis enim dicta est g-apo g-tohn g-kalohn, id est a lignis, unde et calones dicuntur qui ligna militibus portant, et g-kalopodia. 


{{ancora+|40|[[Aeneis/Liber I#40|40.]]}} {{sc|'''argivvm'''}} quasi et illud contra fata. et 'Argivum' pro Argivorum; uidetur autem specie accusativi singularis pro genetivo plurali usus. et bene 'Argivum' quasi quos ipsa Iuno amat, ut supra &quot;pro caris gesserat Argis&quot;. {{sc|'''potvit'''}} ad illud refertur quod superius dixit 'nec posse'. et inuidiose potentiam Minervae exaggerat, quae uno tempore et exurere potuit et submergere. 

{{ancora+|41|[[Aeneis/Liber I#41|41.]]}} {{sc|'''vnivs ob noxam'''}} in istis sermonibus unius illius ipsius naturaliter media producitur syllaba, sed cum opus est corripitur hac excusatione: nam quotiens uocalem longam uocalis sequitur, ei uires detrahit, ut est &quot;insulae Ionio in magno et sub Ilio alto&quot;. et ob hoc mutant accentum; in Latino enim sermone cum paenultima corripitur, antepaenultima habet accentum, ut hoc loco 'unius ob noxam' et contra &quot;navibus infandum amissis unius ob iram prodimur&quot;. {{sc|'''noxam'''}} pro 'noxiam'. et hoc interest inter noxam et noxiam, quod noxia culpa est, noxa autem poena. quidam noxa quae nocuit, noxia id quod nocitum accipiunt. sane latenter tangit historiam; dicitur enim Minerva in tantum ob uitiatam Cassandram in templo suo solius Aiacis poena non fuisse contenta, ut postea per oraculum de eius regno quotannis unam nobilem puellam iusserit Ilium sibi ad sacrificium mitti, et quod est amplius, de ea tribu, de qua Aiax fuerat, sicut Annaeus Placidus refert. {{sc|'''fvrias'''}} amorem, ut in bucolicis &quot;seu quicumque furor&quot;. alii sic accipiunt, quasi illum in furore deliquisse dicat, Troianos scientes. OILI Oilei. et non uacat; nam et duo Aiaces fuerunt, et ambo furuerunt, sed ira armorum Telamonius, hic amore, qui Cassandram in templo Minervae capto Ilio stupravit. et est graeca figura, si dicamus 'Aeneas Anchisae' et subaudiamus filius. hac autem figura utimur circa patres et circa maritos tantum, ut Vergilius &quot;Deiphobe Glauci&quot;, id est filia, et &quot;Hectoris Andromache&quot;, id est uxor. sane hic Aiax, Oilei filius a multis historicis Graecis tertiam manum dicitur post tergum habuisse quod ideo dicitur fictum, quia sic celeriter utebatur in proelio manibus, ut tertiam habere putaretur. 

{{ancora+|42|[[Aeneis/Liber I#42|42.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa'''}} bene ipsa; dulcis enim est propria manu quaesita uindicta: unde plus dolet Iuno alienis se uiribus niti, ut Aeoli uel inferorum, sicut ipsa &quot;flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta movebo&quot;. {{sc|'''rapidvm'''}} uelocem, ut est &quot;cum rapidus sol nondum hiemem contingit equis, iam praeterit aestas&quot; item &quot;rapidive potentia solis&quot;. {sed} cum Varro divinarum quinto quattuor diis fulmina adsignet, inter quos et Minervae, quaeritur, cur Minerva Iovis fulmen miserit. antiqui Iovis solius putaverunt esse fulmen, nec id unum esse, ut testantur Etrusci libri de fulguratura, in quibus duodecim genera fulminum scripta sunt, ita ut est Iovis Iunonis Minervae, sic quoque aliorum: nam de Iunonis fulmine Accius ait &quot;praeferuido fulgore ardor iniectus Iunonis dextra ingenti incidit&quot;. quare tum non posuit Minervam misisse fulmen suum? sed multi dicunt, habere quidem Minervam ut Iovem et Iunonem fulmen, sed non tantum ualere, ut uindictam suam possit implere, nisi usa esset Iovis fulmine: unde merito queritur Iuno, Minervam, cum de numero minorum sit qui fulmen habent, usam tamen Iovis fulmine. {{sc|'''iacvlata'''}} in libris Etruscorum lectum est iactus fulminum manubias dici et certa esse numina possidentia fulminum iactus, ut Iovem Vulcanum Minervam. cavendum ergo est, ne aliis hoc numinibus demus. et 'iaculata' pro iaculans, participium passivum pro activo. {{sc|'''e nvbibvs'''}} secundum physicos qui dicunt conlisione nubium fulmen creari. et indignatur Iuno, quod, cum nubes suae sint, pariter eis Minerva ac Iovis fulmine usa sit, cum sibi neutrum prosit. 

{{ancora+|43|[[Aeneis/Liber I#43|43.]]}} {{sc|'''disiecitqve'''}} quidam uolunt fulminum genera quattuor esse: unum quod dicitur dissiciens idemque fragosum, alterum transfigens, tertium corripiens, quartum infigens: quas omnes species more suo in unius fulguris descriptione attigit dicens primum 'disiecitque rates', secundum 'illum expirantem transfixo pectore', tertium 'turbine corripuit', quartum 'scopuloque infixit acuto'. {{sc|'''rates'''}} abusive naves; nam proprie rates sunt conexae inuicem trabes. Varro ad Ciceronem &quot;ratis dicta navis longa propter remos, quod hi supra aquam sublati dextra et sinistra duas rates efficere uidentur. ratis enim, unde hoc translatum, ubi plures mali aut trabes iuncti aqua ducuntur. hinc naviculae cum remis ratariae dicuntur&quot;. 

{{ancora+|44|[[Aeneis/Liber I#44|44.]]}} {{sc|'''illvm'''}} auctorem scilicet criminis. {{sc|'''expirantem flammas'''}} non animam dicit 'flammas', sed cum anima fulminis flammas uomentem. et ut superius pleno nomini adiecit 'opum', id est &quot;dives opum&quot;, sic hic uerbo; cum enim plenum sit 'expirantem', addidit 'flammas', ut alio loco 'animas', ut &quot;confixi expirant animas&quot;. alii 'expirantem' anhelantem accipiunt. Probus et 'tempore' legit, ut ipse &quot;liquefacto tempora plumbo&quot;. sed qui legunt 'pectore' de Accio translatum adfirmant, qui ait in Clytemestra de Aiace &quot;in pectore fulmen inchoatum flammam ostentabat Iovis&quot;. qui 'tempore' legunt de topica historia tractum dicunt; nam Ardeae in templo Castoris et Pollucis in laeva intrantibus post forem Capaneos pictus est fulmen per utraque tempora traiectus. et singulare nomen pro plurali. totius autem Italiae curiosissimum fuisse Vergilium multifariam apparet. 

{{ancora+|45|[[Aeneis/Liber I#45|45.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrbine'''}} uolubilitate uentorum. {{sc|'''scopvlo'''}} saxo eminenti. 'scopulus' autem aut a speculando dictus est, aut a tegimento navium, g-apo g-tou g-skepazein. contigerunt autem ista circa Caphereum montem Euboeae. INFIXIT Cornutus ait 'inflixit' uerius, quod sit uehementius. 

{{ancora+|46|[[Aeneis/Liber I#46|46.]]}} {{sc|'''ast ego'''}}  nunc conparat singula. et ne leve esset quod dixerat 'ego', addidit 'deorum regina'; sic Sallustius &quot;uos autem, hoc est populus Romanus&quot;. {{sc|'''divvm'''}} autem pro divorum, sicut 'Argivum'. {{sc|'''incedo'''}} incedere proprie est nobilium personarum, hoc est cum aliqua dignitate ambulare, ut &quot;regina ad templum forma pulcherrima Dido incessit et aut iaculo incedit melior&quot;, Sallustius &quot;sed incedunt per ora uestra magnifici&quot;. 

{{ancora+|47|[[Aeneis/Liber I#47|47.]]}} {{sc|'''et soror et conivnx'''}}  physici Iovem aetherem, id est ignem uolunt intellegi, Iunonem uero aerem, et quoniam tenuitate haec elementa paria sunt, dixerunt esse germana. sed quoniam Iuno, hoc est aer, subiectus est igni, id est Iovi, iure superposito elemento mariti traditum nomen est. Iovem autem a iuvando dixerunt; nulla enim res sic fovet omnia, quemadmodum calor. {{sc|'''tot annos'''}} licenter in istis elocutionibus et accusativo et ablativo utimur. dicimus enim et 'tota nocte legi' et 'totam noctem legi'. honestior tamen elocutio est per accusativum. sane 'tot annos' continuationem significat, 'tot annis' autem intervallum. 

{{ancora+|48|[[Aeneis/Liber I#48|48.]]}} {{sc|'''et qvisqvam'''}}  non Troianorum, sed omnium generaliter. {{sc|'''ivnonis'''}} autem pro 'meum', nomen pro pronomine. 

{{ancora+|49|[[Aeneis/Liber I#49|49.]]}} {{sc|'''praeterea'''}} postea, ut &quot;praeterea uidit, nec portitor Orci amplius obiectam passus transire paludem&quot;. {{sc|'''svpplex'''}} breviter utrumque dixit; aut enim suscipiuntur uota precibus, aut honore redduntur. et ostendere uult, non solum non sibi supplicandum, sed nec simplici veneratione dignam futuram. 


{{ancora+|50|[[Aeneis/Liber I#50|50.]]}} {{sc|'''talia flammato'''}}  quod superius intermiserat nunc reddidit. nam dixerat superius 'haec secum' et modo ait 'uolutans', id est cogitans. multi sane 'talia uolutans' talia revolutans accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|51|[[Aeneis/Liber I#51|51.]]}} {{sc|'''nimborvm'''}} nimbi nunc uentos significant, plerumque nubes uel pluvias: ergo prout locus fuerit intellegamus. proprie tamen nimbi uocantur repentinae et praecipites pluviae; nam pluvias dicimus lentas et iuges. et figurate 'patriam, loca'; unum enim uarietas ipsa significat. {{sc|'''loca feta'''}} nunc plena, ut alio loco &quot;feta armis&quot;. sciendum est autem fetam dici et gravidam et partu liberatam, ut &quot;fecerat et uiridi fetam Mavortis in antro&quot;; enixam autem eam fuisse lac, quod pueris praebebatur, ostendit. item fetam gravidam illo loco ostendit, &quot;non insueta graves temptabunt pabula fetas&quot;. ergo quia feta medius sermo est, bene hoc loco epitheto discrevit, dicens 'graves fetas', ut bonum facinus et malum facinus dicimus, bonum venenum et malum venenum. {{sc|'''avstris'''}} figura est celebrata apud Vergilium: et est species pro genere. legerat apud Ennium &quot;furentibus uentis&quot;, sed quasi asperum fugit et posuit 'austris' pro uentis. 

{{ancora+|52|[[Aeneis/Liber I#52|52.]]}} {{sc|'''aeoliam venit'''}}  novem insulae, quae sunt post fretum Siciliae, appellantur Aeoliae ab Aeolo rege, Hippotae filio, licet habeant et propria nomina. unde et Vergilius ait &quot;Aeoliam Liparen&quot;. poetae quidem fingunt hunc regem esse uentorum, sed ut Varro dicit, rex fuit insularum, ex quarum nebulis et fumo Vulcaniae insulae praedicens futura flabra uentorum inperitis uisus est uentos sua potestate retinere. {{sc|'''aeoliam venit'''}} in Aeoliam. detraxit ⟨praepositionem⟩, ut &quot;Italiam fato&quot;. Aeolus Hippotae sive Iovis sive Neptuni filius. qui cum immineret bellum, quo Tyrrhenus, Lipari frater, Peloponnesum uastare proposuisset, missus ab Agamemnone, ut freta tueretur, pervenit ad Liparum, qui supra dictas insulas regebat imperio, factaque amicitia Cyanam filiam eius in matrimonium sumpsit et Strongulam insulam in qua maneret accepit. {{sc|'''hic'''}} illic, ut superius &quot;hic currus fuit&quot;. {{sc|'''vasto antro'''}} physica ratione hoc fingit poeta. naturale enim est ut loca concava plena sint uentis. sane 'uasto' pro desolato ueteres ponebant. Ennius Iphigenia &quot;quae nunc abs te uiduae et uastae uirgines sunt&quot;. ponebant et pro magno. Clodius commentariorum &quot;uasta: inania magna&quot;. 

{{ancora+|53|[[Aeneis/Liber I#53|53.]]}} {{sc|'''lvctantes'''}} elaborantes egredi uel inter se saevientes. {{sc|'''sonoras'''}} graves sonis, et est tempestatis epitheton. ordo autem talis est, Aeolus uentos et tempestates sonoras uasto antro premit. quidam 'sonoras' semper strepentes tradunt, ut &quot;fluminibusque sonoris&quot;; nam sonorum est quidquid sine intermissione sonum servat, sonans uero quod ad tempus auditur. male autem quidam accipiunt 'sonoras' pro sonantes, cum sit proprium 'sonoras', ut g-thalassa g-te g-ehchehessa. aliud est enim g-ehchousa, id est sonans. 

{{ancora+|54|[[Aeneis/Liber I#54|54.]]}} {{sc|'''ac vinclis et carcere frenat'''}}  translatio est per poeticam licentiam facta. carcer autem est undecumque prohibemur exire, dictus quasi arcer ab arcendo. locum autem, in quo servantur noxii, carcerem dicimus numero tantum singulari; unde uero erumpunt quadrigae, carceres dicimus numero tantum plurali, licet plerumque usurpet poeta, ut est &quot;ruuntque effusi carcere currus&quot;. alii uinclis carceris tradunt, ut &quot;quam ferro excisam crebrisque bipennibus instant&quot;. 

{{ancora+|55|[[Aeneis/Liber I#55|55.]]}} {{sc|'''illi indignantes'''}}  hic aperte ostendit, quid sit 'luctantes'. {{sc|'''magno cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} non circum montis claustra, sed cum magno montis murmure fremebant. et est maior sensus: sic fremebant, ut etiam antra possent sonare. {{sc|'''cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} sic dixit Pacuvius &quot;murmur maris&quot;, quia uentos murmur sequitur, ut ipse alibi &quot;magno misceri murmure pontum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|56|[[Aeneis/Liber I#56|56.]]}} {{sc|'''circvm fremvnt'''}}  quidam hoc loco 'fremunt' id est imperia recusant intellegunt, ut apud Cassium in annalium secundo &quot;ne quis regnum occuparet, si plebs nostra fremere imperia coepisset&quot;, id est recusare. ita et hic ostendit uentos imperia recusantes. non numquam 'fremere' uelle significat, ut &quot;arma amens fremit, arma toro tectisque requirit&quot;. {{sc|'''celsa arce'''}} secundum quod superius diximus. uenti enim melius deprehenduntur ex alto. {{sc|'''sedet'''}} non otiatur, sed curat; apud antiquos enim 'sedet' considerat significabat, ut alio loco ait &quot;Turnus sacrata ualle sedebat&quot;. 

{{ancora+|57|[[Aeneis/Liber I#57|57.]]}} {{sc|'''mollitqve animos'''}}  id est uentos g-apo g-tohn g-anemohn, ut ipse alibi &quot;quantum ignes animaeque ualent&quot; et Horatius &quot;inpellunt animae lintea Thraciae&quot;. 'mollit' autem ideo dixit, ut per transitum ostenderet, uitia naturae nulla ratione mutari, sed mitigari aliquatenus posse. 

{{ancora+|58|[[Aeneis/Liber I#58|58.]]}} {{sc|'''maria ac terras caelvmqve profvndvm'''}}  atqui quattuor elementa sunt, terra aqua aer aether. sed hoc loco rite praetermisit aetherem, quia uenti non turbant superiora, ut ait Lucanus &quot;pacem summa tenent&quot;, sed aut terras aut maria aut aerem. nam caelum hoc loco pro aere posuit, ut Lucretius &quot;in hoc caelo qui dicitur aer&quot;. 'profundum' autem et sublime dicitur {et profundum mare}, ut 'supremum' ⟨et⟩ altum &quot;pro supreme Iuppiter&quot;, ⟨et⟩ postremum. potest et ad maria et ad terras referri. quidam 'profundum' in profundum accipiunt, alii pro funditus. et sicut hic 'profundum' in altitudinem, sic alibi fastigia de infima parte &quot;forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras&quot;. 

{{ancora+|59|[[Aeneis/Liber I#59|59.]]}} {{sc|'''ferant'''}} auferant; et est aphaeresis. {{sc|'''rapidi'''}} ueloces, ut supra. {{sc|'''verrantqve'''}} uerrere est trahere, a rete, quod uerriculum dicitur. est autem principalitas uerbi uerro uerris, praeteritum uersi, unde et fit participium uersus, hinc alibi &quot;et uersa puluis inscribitur hasta&quot;, id est tracta. 


{{ancora+|60|[[Aeneis/Liber I#60|60.]]}} {{sc|'''spelvncis atris'''}}  uel tenebrosis, uel magnis. 

{{ancora+|61|[[Aeneis/Liber I#61|61.]]}} {{sc|'''id metvens'''}}  timens. ergo Iuppiter timet, non sibi, sed elementis, ne turbentur eruptione uentorum, ut si bellorum tempore dicas uirum fortem timere, non sibi, sed liberis suis. {{sc|'''hoc metvens'''}} providens cavens. {{sc|'''molemqve et montes'''}} id est molem montis. et est figura, ut una res in duas dividatur, metri causa interposita coniunctione, ut alio loco &quot;pateris libamus et auro&quot;, id est pateris aureis. 

{{ancora+|62|[[Aeneis/Liber I#62|62.]]}} {{sc|'''foedere'''}} modo lege, alias pace, quae fit inter dimicantes. foedus autem dictum uel a fetialibus, id est sacerdotibus per quos fiunt foedera, uel a porca foede, hoc est lapidibus occisa, ut ipse &quot;et caesa iungebant foedera porca&quot;. 

{{ancora+|63|[[Aeneis/Liber I#63|63.]]}} {{sc|'''et premere et laxas sciret dare ivssvs habenas'''}}  permansit in translatione, ut &quot;uinclis et carcere frenat&quot;. 'iussus' autem ob hoc posuit, quia suo nihil facit imperio. nam tolle hoc, et maior est omnibus diis, si ad eius uoluntatem possunt elementa confundi: ut ipse &quot;Aeolus mihi iussa capessere fas est&quot;. simul uentorum ostenditur uis, quibus parum fuerat montem superponi, nisi et regem acciperent, qui ipse quoque alieno pareret imperio. ET PREMERE E- L- S- D- I- H- alioquin Iunoni obsequi non posset. alii 'iussus' ita intellegunt, non cum iuberetur eum hoc facere, sed ita administrare, ut etiam iussus erat, secundum desiderium temporum. 

{{ancora+|64|[[Aeneis/Liber I#64|64.]]}} {{sc|'''ad'''}} apud quem, ut supra. 

{{ancora+|65|[[Aeneis/Liber I#65|65.]]}} {{sc|'''aeole'''}} rhetoricum est in omni petitione haec observare, ut possit praestare qui petitur, ut sit possibilitas, ut sit res iusta quae petitur, ut habeat modum petitio, ut sequatur remuneratio. et sciendum est secundum hunc ordinem omnes petitiones formare Vergilium, ut in hoc loco possibilitas est 'et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere uento'. iusta petitio est 'gens inimica mihi'; omne enim quod contra inimicos petimus iustum est. modus petitionis est 'et dissice corpora ponto'. remuneratio 'sunt mihi bis septem praestanti c- n-'. {{sc|'''aeole incvte vim ventis'''}} ordo ipse est. et est figura parenthesis. inter parenthesin et ellipsin hoc interest, quod parenthesis es quotiens remota de medio sententia integer sermo perdurat; plenum namque est 'Aeole incute uim uentis'. item &quot;Aeneas rapidum ad naves praemittit Achatem&quot;. ellipsis autem est quotiens remotis interpositis deest aliquid, ut est &quot;quos ego - post mihi non simili poena&quot;; deest enim 'adfligam'. {{sc|'''aeole'''}} sane antiqui quotiens a minoribus beneficium petebant, a nomine incipiebant, et erat honoratius si nomen ipsius ante praeferrent. DIVUM PATER ATQUE HOMINUM REX Iuppiter. et periphrasis est, id est circumlocutio. 'pater' autem a Vergilio ad eminentiam ponitur, ut &quot;pater Aeneas&quot; et &quot;pater Appenninus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|66|[[Aeneis/Liber I#66|66.]]}} {{sc|'''et mvlcere dedit flvctvs et tollere vento'''}}  aliud pendet ex alio; nam qui potest mulcere, potest et tollere, id est erigere in tempestatem. 'mulcere' autem delenire. hinc mulsum quod dulcedine animos nostros permulceat. alii 'mulcere' mitigare, mollire uel fovere. 

{{ancora+|67|[[Aeneis/Liber I#67|67.]]}} {{sc|'''gens'''}} sermo hic et nationem significat et familiam, sed nunc ad utrumque potest referri. nam aut ad familiam Aeneae aut ad Troianam gentem refertur. {{sc|'''tyrrhenvm'''}} tyrrhenus cum fratre Lydo regnum ea indulgentia tenuit, ut ingens frequentia populi his contingeret: quae causa summam rerum fecit inopiam, nullo patriam relinquente aut uolente peregrinari, quia tanta bonitas erat in regibus. consilium igitur habuerunt, ut partiti turbam, quam alere non poterant, alternis diebus abstinerent a cibis lusibusque uacaretur. atque hac lascivia excogitaverunt talorum tesserarumque iactus pilaeque lusum et tibiae modulationem et concentum symphoniae tubarumque, quibus avocati cives facilius tolerarent ieiunium. novissime tamen quia uincebat necessitas nec ulla consilia famem relevarent, sortiti sunt, uter ex fratribus cum parte populi abiret in quas sors terras dedisset. cum Tyrrhenus sorte iussus discederet, in mari quod Tyrrhenum ab eo uocatur periit. cuius filius Tuscus cum populo evasit in regionem Tusciam, quae ab eo nomen accepit. {{sc|'''tyrrhenvm'''}} tyrrhenum mare dictum est uel quod Tusciam adluit, id est Tyrrheniam, uel certe a Tyrrhenis nautis, qui se in hoc mare praecipitaverunt. namque hoc habet fabula, dormientem in litore Liberum patrem puerum nautas abstulisse Tyrrhenos. qui cum esset experrectus in navi, quo duceretur rogavit; responderunt illi, quo uellet. Liber ait ad Naxum insulam sibi sacratam. at coeperunt alio uela deflectere, quam ob rem iratum numen tigres sibi sacratas iussit uideri, quo terrore se illi in fluctus dedere praecipites. alii dicunt, quod stuprum Libero patri inferre temptaverint ac propterea hoc pertulerint. {{sc|'''mihi navigat'''}} id est in meum dolorem. {{sc|'''navigat aeqvor'''}} figura Graeca est; nos enim dicimus per aequor navigat. similiter etiam alio loco &quot;terram, mare, sidera iuro&quot;, cum latinitas exigat, ut addatur praepositio per. et non uacat quod 'Tyrrhenum' addidit; uidetur enim dicere, iam eis Italiam esse uicinam. 

{{ancora+|68|[[Aeneis/Liber I#68|68.]]}} {{sc|'''ilivm in italiam portans'''}}  id est res Ilienses. et inuidiose dicit Ilium, quasi ipsam cernat civitatem, cum Troianos aspexerit. et bene 'Ilium', hoc est quam fata stare noluerint. {{sc|'''victosqve penates'''}} a Graecis. tacite occurrit quaestioni: portat quidem deos, sed uictos, hoc est contemnendos, ne facere contra inuictos nollet. 

{{ancora+|69|[[Aeneis/Liber I#69|69.]]}} {{sc|'''incvte vim ventis'''}}  duplex sensus est: 'incute' enim si inice significat, 'uentis' dativus est casus, hoc est, parva est eorum, etiam tu eis da magnam uim; si autem 'fac', septimus casus est, et erit sensus: fac uim Troianis per uentos, hoc est, per uentos uim in Troianos incute. Ennius &quot;dictis Romanis incutit iram&quot;. {{sc|'''svbmersasqve obrve pvppes'''}} ordo est ⟨inuersus⟩ in sensu; ante enim est ut obruantur fluctibus, et sic submerguntur. tota autem Iunonis petitio in sequentibus explanatur. SUBMERSASQUE OBRVE P- id est obrue, ut submergas. 


{{ancora+|70|[[Aeneis/Liber I#70|70.]]}} {{sc|'''avt age diversos'''}}  hoc est disperge illos per diversa, ne ad Italiam veniant; duobus enim generibus deletur exercitus, aut internecione aut dispersione. {{sc|'''et dissice corpora'''}} hic mutavit coniunctionem, nam dicendum erat 'aut dissice corpora'. {{sc|'''corpora ponto'''}} tam uirorum quam navium, ut ipse alio loco cum de navibus loqueretur &quot;et toto descendit corpore pestis&quot;. sciendum sane est artem hanc esse petitionis, ut minora inpetrare cupientes maiora poscamus: quod etiam nunc Iuno facit. scit namque se fatis obstare non posse, sed hoc agit, ut eos arceat ab Italia. 

{{ancora+|71|[[Aeneis/Liber I#71|71.]]}} {{sc|'''svnt mihi bis septem'''}}  non sine ratione Iuno nymphas dicitur sua potestate retinere; ipsa est enim aer, de quo nubes creantur, ut est &quot;atque in nubem cogitur aer&quot;, ex nubibus aquae, quas nymphas esse non dubium est. ideo autem nympham Aeolo pollicetur, quia uentorum rex est, qui aquae motu creantur. bene ergo ei iungitur origo uentorum. sane notant Vergilium critici, quia marito promittit uxorem: quod excusat regia licentia, ut Sallustius &quot;denas alii alii plures habent, sed reges eo amplius&quot;. uel certe quod ex priore coniuge inprobos filios Aeolus habuerit, uel quod haec quam promittit inmortalis est. alii uolunt Iunonem per iram oblitam, Aeolum uxorem et filios habere; quod exinde adserunt, quia Aeolus ad haec nihil ei responderit. et bene Iuno sic pollicetur, quasi Aeolo beneficium ante non concesserit. econtra Aeolus non ad praesens, sed ad praeteritum respondit 'tu mihi quodcumque hoc regni est'. {{sc|'''praestanti corpore nymphae'''}} bene etiam istas laudat, ut maior sit in Deiopea pulchritudinis gloria. laudabilius enim est superare laudatos, ut ipse ad maiorem Aeneae gloriam laudat et Turnum. harum autem quattuordecim nomina, ut quidam uolunt, in Georgicis invenimus. 'praestanti' autem 'corpore' pro praestantis corporis, ablativum pro genetivo. 

{{ancora+|72|[[Aeneis/Liber I#72|72.]]}} {{sc|'''qvarvm qvae forma'''}}  dicimus et per se 'quarum quae pulcherrima', et plus ornavit inferendo 'forma pulcherrima'. 

{{ancora+|73|[[Aeneis/Liber I#73|73.]]}} {{sc|'''convbio ivngam'''}}  deest eam; et conubium est ius legitimi matrimonii. et bene 'conubio iungam' dixit, ut hanc ab aliis segregaret, quae a regibus sine lege habentur. solent enim reges inter plures uni praecipuum dare nomen uxoris. et 'conubio' nu brevem posuit, cum naturaliter longa sit. nubo enim, unde habet originem, longa est. sed est tropus systole, qui fit quotienscumque longa corripitur syllaba propter metri necessitatem. ipse alio loco longam posuit, ut est &quot;Hectoris Andromache Pyrrhin conubia servas?&quot; item &quot;cuique loci leges dedimus, conubia nostra reppulit&quot; et &quot;per conubia nostra&quot; et &quot;Nomadumque petam conubia supplex&quot;. sciendum tamen est, quia plerumque in conpositione uel derivatione principalitatis natura corrumpitur. {{sc|'''convbio ivngam stabili propriamqve dicabo'''}} multa in unum contulit uersum quae Iuno promittit; dicendo enim 'conubio' ostendit legitimam, dicendo 'stabili' longam promittit concordiam, id est quae divortio careat, dicendo 'propriam' adulterii removet suspitionem. quod autem adiecit 'dicabo' obsequentem eam fore demonstrat. in usu enim est ut dicamus, sacerdos dicatus est numini, hoc est ad obsequium datus est. alii 'dicabo' dabo accipiunt. Terentius &quot;iam hanc operam tibi dico&quot;, id est do, sicuti ab eo quod est dico participium a passivo dictus facit, ut est &quot;Iunoni infernae dictus sacer&quot;, quamuis alibi lectum sit &quot;templis sibi ferre dicatis&quot;. 'propriam dicabo' autem deest 'tibi eam'. 'propriam' autem possumus uel firmam uel perpetuam accipere, ut &quot;si proprium hoc fuerit&quot;. Terentius &quot;nihilne esse cuiquam proprium&quot; et &quot;quod uoluptates eorum propriae sunt&quot; et &quot;da propriam, Thymbraee, domum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|74|[[Aeneis/Liber I#74|74.]]}} {{sc|'''omnes annos'''}}  bene, quia dea est; non enim usque ad senectutem. {{sc|'''meritis'''}} praestitis, ut alibi &quot;nec te regina negabo promeritam&quot;, id est praestitisse. et alterum pendet ex altero; meritum enim non nisi ex praestantis descendit beneficio. 

{{ancora+|75|[[Aeneis/Liber I#75|75.]]}} {{sc|'''pvlchra prole'''}}  bene postremum addidit propter quod matrimonium contrahitur, pulcherrimos filios. et mire hoc Iuno Lucina promittit, quasi non ob libidinem offerat. {{sc|'''pvlchra prole'''}} notanda figura; frequenter enim hac utitur. nam quod nos per genetivum singularem dicimus, antiqui per septimum dicebant, ut hoc loco 'parentem pulchra prole', id est pulchrae prolis. et simpliciter intellegendum est; errant namque qui dicunt ideo 'pulchra' dixisse propter Canacen et Macareum in se inuicem turpissimos fratres. illi enim alterius Aeoli filii fuerunt. 

{{ancora+|76|[[Aeneis/Liber I#76|76.]]}} {{sc|'''aeolvs haec'''}}  subaudis 'dixit', quod ex posterioribus intellegitur, ut supra notavimus. {{sc|'''regina'''}} inferioris personae revetentia est maiorem meritis appellare, non nomine; contra maioris est minorem nomine tantum uocare. qui ordo non nisi per indignationem corrumpitur, ut in duodecimo Sages in extremis rebus Turnum non regem uocat, ut &quot;ruitque inplorans nomine Turnum&quot;. et alibi de Aristaeo &quot;et te crudelem nomine dicit&quot;. {{sc|'''optes'''}} optare non tantum eligere significat, ut alibi &quot;optavitque locum regno&quot;, sed etiam uelle, ut hoc loco 'quid optes' quid uelis. Lucilius in VI. &quot;quid ipsum facere optes&quot;, id est uelis. alii 'quid optes' quid petas. sane servavit ordinem; nam qui promittit statim a primo polliceri debet, post si qua uult addat, ut auditor expectatione non pendeat. 

{{ancora+|77|[[Aeneis/Liber I#77|77.]]}} {{sc|'''explorare'''}} deliberare; superius namque multa poposcerat Iuno. hoc ergo dicit: tuum est deliberare, quid uelis. aut certe aperire uel pensare, quale sit desiderium. alii explorare Iovis animum; aut certe 'explorare' explanare; aut certe statuere, an aequum sit quod petis, tuus enim hic labor est. {{sc|'''mihi ivssa capessere fas est'''}} figura est litotes, quae fit quotienscumque minus dicimus et plus significamus per contrarium intellegentes, ut hoc loco non ait: licet mihi inplere quae praecipis, sed nefas est non inplere quae iusseris. item &quot;munera nec sperno&quot;, id est libenter accipio. {{sc|'''mihi ivssa capessere fas est'''}} hoc secundum ea quae aliter dicuntur, aliter audiuntur dictum est. {nam} cum dicit non se posse ⟨non⟩ inplere quae Iuno praecipiat, nefas tamen putat {non} inplere praecepta. 'mihi' sane ultima syllaba produci debet, quia hoc casu omnia uel nomina uel pronomina uel participia in ultima syllaba produci debent. 'capessere' autem est saepe capere. 

{{ancora+|78|[[Aeneis/Liber I#78|78.]]}} {{sc|'''tv mihi qvodcvmqve hoc regni'''}}  rediit ad physicam rationem. nam motus aeris, id est Iunonis, uentos creat, quibus Aeolus praeest. dicendo autem 'quodcumque' aut uerecunde ait, ne uideatur adrogans, aut latenter paene iocatur poeta; quis enim potest uentos, id est rem inanem tenere? TU MIHI Q- H- R- hoc ad illud respondet 'namque tibi divum pater atque hominum rex'. QUODCVMQUE H- R- quia ipse rex sub alieno imperio est. 'quodcumque' ergo quod 'clauso uentorum carcere regno', nec in mea manu est nisi iusso uentos emittere. {{sc|'''iovemqve concilias'''}} hysteroproteron in sensu. non enim Iuppiter conciliatur Aeolo, sed Aeolus Iovi, quasi superiori. conciliantur autem novi, reconciliantur antiqui. 

{{ancora+|79|[[Aeneis/Liber I#79|79.]]}} {{sc|'''tv das epvlis accvmbere divvm'''}}  hoc est, tu me deum facis. duplici enim ratione divinos honores meremur, dearum coniugio et conuivio deorum. unde et in bucolicis &quot;nec deus hunc mensa, dea nec dignata cubili est&quot;. sane 'epulis accumbere' secundum sui temporis consuetudinem dixit; nam olim sedentes uescebantur, sicut ipse meminit &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. et apud Homerum sedentes dii epulantur. 

{{ancora+|80|[[Aeneis/Liber I#80|80.]]}} {{sc|'''nimborvmqve'''}} nubium, ut &quot;et lunam in nimbo nox intempesta tenebat&quot;. 

{{ancora+|81|[[Aeneis/Liber I#81|81.]]}} {{sc|'''haec vbi dicta'''}}  et a Iunone et ab Aeolo. et 'dicta' si nomen est, dedit, si participium, deest sunt. et 'haec ubi dicta' pro postquam, aduerbium locale pro temporali. {{sc|'''cavvm'''}} ordo est, conuersa cuspide cavum montem in latus inpulit. et alibi &quot;in latus inque feri curvam compagibus aluum contorsit&quot;. alii 'in latus' pro latus accipiunt. Ennius &quot;nam me gravis impetus Orci percutit in latus&quot;. {{sc|'''inpvlit in latvs'''}} quasi in rem quae facile cedit ictui. 

{{ancora+|82|[[Aeneis/Liber I#82|82.]]}} {{sc|'''agmine'''}} uel inpetu uel multitudine. agmen enim polysemus sermo est. nam inpetum significat, ut &quot;illi agmine certo Laocoonta petunt&quot;; multitudinem, ut &quot;uocat agmina saeva sororum&quot;. etiam incedentem exercitum 'agmen' uocamus. 

{{ancora+|83|[[Aeneis/Liber I#83|83.]]}} {{sc|'''qva data'''}}  et in undecimo &quot;coeant in foedera dextrae qua datur&quot;. 'qua' ergo quoniam. et 'qua data' ad uotum uentorum uidetur rettulisse. {{sc|'''porta'''}} omnis exitus porta dicitur, quasi qua potest uel inportari uel exportari aliquid. aut ideo 'porta', quia 'agmine' dixerat; nam porta proprie aut urbis aut castrorum est. {{sc|'''tvrbine'''}} ui uentorum. et sciendum est, quod quando appellativum est 'turbinis' facit, sed si sit nomen proprium, 'Turbonis' facit, ut Horatius &quot;Turbonis in armis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|84|[[Aeneis/Liber I#84|84.]]}} {{sc|'''incvbvere mari'''}}  tria dicit elementa turbata: 'terras turbine perflant', 'incubuere mari' et rursum 'intonuere poli'. his ergo enumeratis recte adiecit 'intentant omnia mortem'. 

{{ancora+|85|[[Aeneis/Liber I#85|85.]]}} {{sc|'''evrvsqve notvsqve'''}}  cardinales quattuor uenti sunt, de quibus nunc tres ponit, paulo post unum quem omiserat reddit, ut &quot;stridens aquilone procella&quot;. {{sc|'''vna evrvsqve notvsqve et africvs'''}} bene modo hos tres uentos inferiores tantum nominavit, qui a sedibus imis mare commovent, Zephyrum et Aquilonem tacuit; Zephyrum, qui ad Italiam ducit, Aquilonem, qui desuper flat. ideo Homerus de eo &quot;g-kai g-borees g-aithrehgenetes, g-mega g-kuma g-kulindohn&quot;. {{sc|'''rvvnt'''}} autem modo eruunt. {{sc|'''procellis'''}} procella est uis uenti cum pluvia, dicta procella ab eo, quod omnia percellat, hoc est moveat. 

{{ancora+|87|[[Aeneis/Liber I#87|87.]]}} {{sc|'''inseqvitvr clamorqve virvm'''}}  quia praecesserat uentorum sonus, quem et ipsum clamorem possumus dicere. {{sc|'''stridorqve rvdentvm'''}} proprie; nam in funibus stridor est. 'stridor' autem est sibilus. Pacuvius in Teucro &quot;armamentum stridor et rudentum sibilus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|88|[[Aeneis/Liber I#88|88.]]}} {{sc|'''eripivnt s'''}} - N- Accius in Clytemestra &quot;deum regnator nocte caeca caelum e conspectu abstulit&quot; 

{{ancora+|89|[[Aeneis/Liber I#89|89.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrorvm ex ocvlis'''}}  numquam enim totum caelum nubibus tegitur, sed illa pars, contra quam flaverint uenti. quod autem dixit diem eripi, ad uidentum oculos rettulit, non ad naturam. TEUCRORUM E- O- bene 'Teucrorum', quibus tempestas inmissa erat. {{sc|'''nox incvbat'''}} nox dicta, quod oculis noceat. 'incubat' autem ideo dixit, quod alienum tempus inuasit. nam incubare proprie dicitur per uim rem alienam uelle tenere. aut certe 'nox incubat', ut nihil intervalli esset inter tenebras et mare. aut tempestates, ut in georgicis &quot;ipse pater media nimborum in nocte corusca fulmina molitur dextra&quot;. 

{{ancora+|90|[[Aeneis/Liber I#90|90.]]}} {{sc|'''poli'''}} axes, id est extremae partes caeli. duo enim sunt, notius et borius, a quibus totum caelum contonuisse significat. {{sc|'''aether'''}} aetherem hoc loco pro aere posuit. nubes enim, unde et fulmina, aeris sunt, non aetheris: et frequenter Vergilius duo ista confundit. 

{{ancora+|91|[[Aeneis/Liber I#91|91.]]}} {{sc|'''intentant'''}} minantur, ingerunt. {{sc|'''omnia'''}} autem ad superiora rettulit. 

{{ancora+|92|[[Aeneis/Liber I#92|92.]]}} {{sc|'''extemplo'''}} ilico statim. et est augurum sermo. templum enim dicitur locus manu designatus in aere, post quem factum ilico captantur auguria. {{sc|'''aeneae'''}} servavit g-to g-prepon, ut Aeneam ultimum territum dicat. {{sc|'''frigore'''}} timore. et est reciproca translatio; nam et timor pro frigore et frigus pro timore ponitur, ut in Terentio &quot;uxorem tuam pavitare aiunt&quot; non timere, sed laborare frigoribus; utrumque enim in unum exitum cadit, sicut et de calore et de frigore urere dicimus, ut est &quot;aut Boreae penetrabile frigus adurat&quot;. nam et Graeci g-phrikta dicunt quae sunt timenda, ut Homerus { &quot;g-dohra g-men g-ouk g-et' g-onosta&quot;}. Livius in Odyssia &quot;igitur demum Ulixi cor frixit prae pavore&quot;. reprehenditur sane hoc loco Vergilius, quod improprie hos uersus Homeri transtulerit g-kai g-tot g-Odusseos g-luto g-gounata, g-kai g-philon g-ehtor, g-ochthehsas d' g-ara g-eipe g-pros g-hon g-megalehtora g-thumon&quot;. nam 'soluuntur frigore membra' longe aliud est, quam luto gounata: et 'duplices tendens ad sidera palmas talia uoce refert' molle, cum illud magis altum et heroicae personae g-pros g-hon g-megalehtora thumon. praeterea quis interdiu manus ad sidera tollit, aut quis ad caelum manum tendens non aliud precatur potius, quam dicit 'o terque quaterque beati'? et ille intra se, ne exaudiant socii et timidiores despondeant animo, hic uero uociferatur. 

{{ancora+|93|[[Aeneis/Liber I#93|93.]]}} {{sc|'''ingemit'''}} non propter mortem ingemit, sequitur enim 'o terque quaterque beati', sed propter mortis genus. grave enim est secundum Homerum perire naufragio, quia anima ignea est et exstingui uidetur in mari, id est elemento contrario. {{sc|'''dvplices'''}} duas, secundum morem antiquum. nam duplices duos dicebant, ut hoc loco, et binos duos, et utrosque pro utrumque, ut Cicero &quot;binos habebam, iubeo promi utrosque&quot;. item Sallustius cum de duobus loqueretur &quot;hi utrique ad urbem imperatores erant&quot;. {{sc|'''palmas'''}} manus explicitas. 

{{ancora+|94|[[Aeneis/Liber I#94|94.]]}} {{sc|'''talia voce refert'''}}  profert. 're' abundat. alibi 'refert' respondet, ut &quot;Anna refert&quot;. sic in consuetudine dicimus: ille mihi rettulit. {{sc|'''o terqve qvaterqve'''}} id est saepius; finitus numerus pro infinito. et sic erupit in uocem cum dolore Homerus g-tris g-makares g-Danaoi g-kai g-tetrakis, g-hoi g-tot' g-olonto. et hoc principium quidam acephalon dicunt, cum intellegi debeat, multa eum intra se cogitasse, postremo in haec erupisse. 

{{ancora+|95|[[Aeneis/Liber I#95|95.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis'''}} et quis et quibus significat: secundum artem enim sic dicimus. ab eo enim quod est 'a qui' in 'bus' mittit, ab eo quod est 'a quo' in 'is' mittit, sed a tertia declinatione in usu sunt dativus et ablativus plurales, licet antiqui omnibus usi sint casibus. denique Cato in originibus ait &quot;si ques sunt populi&quot;. et declinavit 'ques quium', ut 'puppes puppium'. {{sc|'''moenibvs altis'''}} propter Pergama, quae altissima fuerunt, ex quibus omnia alta aedificia pergama uocantur, sicut Aeschylus dicit. 

{{ancora+|96|[[Aeneis/Liber I#96|96.]]}} {{sc|'''oppetere'''}} ore terram petere, id est mori. possumus autem sic uti hoc sermone, ut et per se plenus sit et recipiat adiectionem. ergo dicimus et oppetit et mortem oppetit, sicut et exspirat et animam exspirat. {{sc|'''fortissime gentis'''}} atqui in artibus legimus superlativum gradum non nisi genetivo plurali iungi. constat quidem, sed 'gens' nomen est enuntiatione singulare, intellectu plurale. bene ergo iunxit, in gente enim plures sunt, ut alibi ipse &quot;ditissimus agri Phoenicum&quot;; non enim unus est ager Phoenicum. item Sallustius &quot;Romani generis disertissimus&quot;. aut superlativo pro comparativo usus uidetur, quasi fortissimis comparandus, non ut uulgo creditur praeferendus. sane quaeritur, cur Diomedem fortissimum dixerit, cum post Achillem et Aiacem ipse sit tertius, unde et Sallustius ait &quot;primum Graecorum Achillem&quot;. multi dicunt ideo fortissimum, quia iuxta Homerum et Venerem uulneravit et Martem. alii ad gentem referunt, quod Achilles Thessalus fuit, Aiax Graecus, Diomedes Danaus. multi ad excusationem Aeneae uolunt fortissimum dictum, a quo eum constat esse percussum, ut Iuvenalis &quot;uel quo Tydides percussit pondere coxam Aeneae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|97|[[Aeneis/Liber I#97|97.]]}} {{sc|'''tydide'''}} uocativus Graecus est; si enim latine diceret, o Tydida debuit ponere. omnia enim patronymica quae in 'des' exeunt apud Latinos primae sunt declinationis, ut &quot;saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector&quot;. Tydides Diomedes, Tydei et Deipyles, Adrasti filiae, filius, qui post captum Ilium ad Italiam venit, quod plenius in XI- libro habes. eo tempore statua cum in templo Apollinis Delphici staret, ui quadam divina ad Corcyram migravit et uisa est muros Corcyraeorum defendere: nam eius comminatione hostibus fugatis Corcyra bello exempta est. 

{{ancora+|98|[[Aeneis/Liber I#98|98.]]}} {{sc|'''non potvisse'''}}  quasi semper uoluerit. {{sc|'''animam hanc'''}} quasi cum dolore 'animam hanc', ac si diceret infelicem, quae ad laborem nata est. {{sc|'''effvndere'''}} secundum eos qui dicunt sanguinem esse animam, ut ipse alibi &quot;purpuream uomit ille animam&quot;. nam alio loco aliorum opinionem sequitur, qui dicunt spiritum esse animam, unde est &quot;atque in uentos uita recessit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|99|[[Aeneis/Liber I#99|99.]]}} {{sc|'''saevvs'''}} magnus, ut superius diximus. uel fortis, uel bellicosus, ut est &quot;et saevum Aenean agnovit Turnus in armis&quot;. uel aduersus hostes 'saevus', et est epitheton ad tempus; nam incongruum erat ab Aenea saevum Hectorem dici. aut 'saevus', quod aduersum Antenorem et Aeneam et Helenum sentiens Helenam non permiserit reddi. ⟨aut⟩ ideo 'saevus' Hector, quia Aeneas pius. quod autem ait 'Aeacidae telo' uult ostendere feliciorem Hectorem, cui contigerit ab Achille perire, quod ipse optaverit ei congressus, sicut in V. Neptunus Veneri loquitur. et bene elegit, cum quibus perisse debuerit; ipse enim et fortis est, et numinum proles: recte ergo his iungitur, in quibus talia fuerunt. 


{{ancora+|100|[[Aeneis/Liber I#100|100.]]}} {{sc|'''sarpedon'''}} et in ultima possumus accentum ponere et in paenultima: nam Homerus et 'Sarpedonis' declinavit et 'Sarpedontis', unde et uarius accentus est: 'Sarpedonis' enim antepaenultima habet accentum, 'Sarpedontis' paenultima. sed 'Sarpedontis' usurpavit; naturalis enim declinatio est 'Sarpedon Sarpedonis', ut 'Memnon Memnonis, Sinon Sinonis'. si autem genetivum in 'dontis' miserit, a circumflexo venit, qui est in ultima syllaba nominativi, ut Demophon Demophontis, Laocon Laocontis. sic ergo et Sarpedon, Sarpedontis. est autem Sarpedon Iovis filius et Laodamiae, ut alio loco &quot;quin occidit una Sarpedon mea progenies&quot; occisus a Patroclo, Menoeti filio, armis Achillis induto. huius interitum Iuppiter prosecutus dicitur imbre sanguineo. {{sc|'''simois'''}} nomen hoc integrum ad nos transiit, unde suo est accentu proferendum. nam si esset latinum, in antepaenultima haberet accentum, quia secunda a fine brevis est. sane bene fecisse uidetur Simoentis mentionem, ut ibi uideatur pati se optavisse, ubi genitus est, ut alibi &quot;tune ille Aeneas, quem Dardanio Anchisae alma Venus Phrygii genuit Simoentis ad undam?&quot; {{sc|'''svb vndis'''}} et 'sub undis' legimus, et 'sub undas'. sed si 'sub undas', 'correpta' intellege, si 'sub undis', 'uoluit'; uaria ergo distinctio est. {{sc|'''correpta'''}} rapta. 

{{ancora+|101|[[Aeneis/Liber I#101|101.]]}} {{sc|'''fortia corpora'''}}  hoc est uirorum fortium corpora; nulla enim est in mortuis fortitudo. 

{{ancora+|102|[[Aeneis/Liber I#102|102.]]}} {{sc|'''talia iactanti'''}}  inaniter loquenti, ut alibi &quot;atque inrita iurgia iactat et uoces dum iactat inanes&quot;. {{sc|'''aqvilone'''}} ab Aquilone. ecce hic reddit uentum quem transierat, et a generali tempestate ad speciem transit. 

{{ancora+|103|[[Aeneis/Liber I#103|103.]]}} {{sc|'''adversa'''}} contraria, quia ad Italiam navigantibus Aquilo contrarius est. 

{{ancora+|104|[[Aeneis/Liber I#104|104.]]}} {{sc|'''frangvntvr remi'''}}  uel gubernacula, uel quod melius est re uera remi. antiqui enim uelis remisque navigabant, ut &quot;ualidis incumbere remis, obliquat sinus in uentos&quot;. et hoc de navi Aeneae, an de omnibus dixit? {{sc|'''tvm proram avertit'''}} alii 'prora' legi tradunt. {{sc|'''avertit'''}} pro 'avertitur'. et est figura creberrima. potest namque pro activi uerbi significatione passivum poni, ut est &quot;et pictis bellantur Amazones armis&quot; pro bellant. nec nos debet movere quod bellor non facit, natura enim hoc prohibuit. nam conpone hoc uerbum, et invenitur activum, facit enim debello debellor. et contra pro passivi uerbi significatione activum ponitur, ut est hoc 'avertit' pro avertitur, et &quot;insinuat pavor&quot; pro insinuatur, et &quot;nox umida caelo praecipitat&quot; pro praecipitatur. sed haec uerba tantummodo pro se inuicem ponuntur, quae et activa esse possunt et passiva, ut est averto avertor, praecipito praecipitor. ergo non possumus dicere quod quidam artigraphus, declinationes activi uerbi et passivi pro se inuicem poni. nam et neutralis uerbi declinatio activa est et communis deponentisue passiva, et aliud est esse activum uerbum, aliud habere activi uerbi declinationem. 

{{ancora+|105|[[Aeneis/Liber I#105|105.]]}} {{sc|'''dat latvs'''}}  inclinatur. {{sc|'''cvmvlo'''}} altitudine. {{sc|'''cvmvlo'''}} exuberante fluctu, cum cumulo. {{sc|'''praervptvs'''}} in altum levatus. 

{{ancora+|106|[[Aeneis/Liber I#106|106.]]}} {{sc|'''hi'''}} pro illi uel alii, et bene dicticos. {{sc|'''his'''}} pro illis uel aliis. {{sc|'''dehiscens'''}} ualde hiscens. 'de' enim augentis est, ut in Terentio &quot;deamo te Syre&quot;. 

{{ancora+|107|[[Aeneis/Liber I#107|107.]]}} {{sc|'''aperit'''}} ostendit, ut Sallustius &quot;caput aperire solitus&quot;, id est nudare, ostendere. sic alibi &quot;uisa aperire procul montes&quot;. sane aliter hic 'aperit', aliter 'ostium aperit'. {{sc|'''harenis'''}} et ab harenis et cum harenis, id est uel ab imo movebatur mare uel cum ipsis harenis, ut in tempestate solet. 

{{ancora+|108|[[Aeneis/Liber I#108|108.]]}} {{sc|'''tris'''}} Latinum est. genetivus enim pluralis quotiens in 'ium' exit, accusativum pluralem in 'is' mittit, ut 'puppium puppis'; quotiens in 'um' exit, in 'es' mittit, ut 'patrum patres'. {{sc|'''saxa latentia'''}} modo propter tempestatem, non ut quidam tradunt tranquillo mari; nam quemadmodum latent quae nomen habent? haec autem saxa inter Africam, Siciliam et Sardiniam et Italiam sunt, quae saxa ob hoc Itali aras uocant, quod ibi Afri et Romani foedus inierunt et fines imperii sui illic esse uoluerunt. unde et Dido &quot;litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas inprecor&quot;. quae arae a Sisenna &quot;propitiae&quot; uocantur. alii dicunt Graecos haec saxa g-bomous appellare. quidam insulam fuisse hunc locum tradunt, quae subito pessum ierit, cuius reliquias saxa haec exstare, in quibus aiunt Poenorum sacerdotes rem divinam facere solitos. has aras alii Neptunias uocant, sicut Claudius Quadrigarius I- annalium &quot;apud aras, quae uocabantur Neptuniae&quot;. Varro de ora maritima lib- I &quot;ut faciunt hi, qui ab Sardinia Siciliam aut contra petunt. nam si utramque ex conspectu amiserunt, sciunt periculose se navigare ac uerentur in pelago latentem insulam, quem locum uocant aras&quot;. {{sc|'''torqvet'''}} iacit, inmittit, ut &quot;torquet aquosam hiemem&quot;. alibi 'torquet' deflectit, ut &quot;torquet medios nox umida currus&quot;. alibi regit et frenat, ut &quot;cuncta tuo qui bella pater sub numine torques&quot;. alibi sustinet et fert &quot;axem umero torquet stellis fulgentibus aptum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|109|[[Aeneis/Liber I#109|109.]]}} {{sc|'''saxa vocant itali mediis qvae in flvctibvs aras'''}}  ordo est, quae saxa in mediis fluctibus Itali aras uocant. pro quibus hunc ordinem esse ait 'tris Notus abreptas mediis fluctibus in saxa latentia torquet'. alii 'mediis ⟨quae⟩ fluctibus aras' legunt, ut sit ordo 'saxa uocant Itali aras, quae mediis fluctibus', ut desit 'sunt'. Italos autem aliqui non qui in Italia nati sint, sed qui Latine loquantur accipiunt. 


{{ancora+|110|[[Aeneis/Liber I#110|110.]]}} {{sc|'''dorsvm inmane'''}}  eminens, altum, secundum Homerum. uel certe eminens planities aut superficies durior. aut sic ait hic poeta 'dorsum' de saxo, ut Homerus &quot;g-nohta g-thalassehs&quot;, sicut alibi ipse &quot;dorso dum pendet iniquo&quot;. quidam 'inmane' pro malo accipiunt positum propter naufragia, quae ibi solent fieri; nam 'manum' bonum dicunt, ergo quod bono contrarium inmane; non enim potest pro magno accipi, ⟨ut⟩ alibi &quot;posuitque inmania templa&quot;, quia non facile apparent haec saxa, nisi cum mare uentis movetur. 'dorsum' autem hoc loco non absurde ait, quia Graece arae ipsae g-hippou g-nohta dicuntur, ut Sinnius Capito tradidit, secundum Homerum. {{sc|'''mari svmmo'''}} uel in summo, uel in placido. 

{{ancora+|111|[[Aeneis/Liber I#111|111.]]}} {{sc|'''in brevia et syrtes'''}}  id est in brevia syrtium, quo modo &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. 'brevia' autem uadosa dicit, per quae possumus uadere. {{sc|'''et syrtes'''}} syrtium &quot;sinus duo sunt pares natura, inpares magnitudine&quot;, ut Sallustius dicit. 

{{ancora+|112|[[Aeneis/Liber I#112|112.]]}} {{sc|'''vadis'''}} uada g-ta g-brachea. Varro de ora maritima libro I &quot;si ab aqua summa non alte est terra dicitur uadus&quot;. et multi sic legunt 'inliditque uadis atque aggere cingit harenae'. 

{{ancora+|113|[[Aeneis/Liber I#113|113.]]}} {{sc|'''lycios'''}} hi Troiae ad auxilium venerant, qui mortuo rege Pandaro Aeneam secuti sunt, unde et in secundo ait &quot;comitum adfluxisse novorum&quot;. {{sc|'''fidvm'''}} fidelem. utrumque nomen idem significat. quamuis quidam uelint fidum amicum, fidelem seruum dici. et sic pronuntiandum, ut dolorem adferat talis socii amissio. 

{{ancora+|114|[[Aeneis/Liber I#114|114.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsivs ante ocvlos'''}}  ad maiorem dolorem: unde alibi &quot;quaeque ipse miserrima uidi&quot;, item &quot;qui nati coram me cernere letum fecisti&quot;. {{sc|'''ingens pontvs'''}} magna pars ponti. et est tropus synecdoche. {{sc|'''a vertice'''}} aut a puppi, quae uertex navis est, aut ab Aquilone, qui flat a mundi uertice, hoc est a septentrione, ut ipse alibi &quot;hic uertex nobis semper sublimis&quot;. quidam 'uerticem' hic procellam accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|115|[[Aeneis/Liber I#115|115.]]}} {{sc|'''in pvppim'''}}  pro puppim: addidit praepositionem. {{sc|'''pronvs'''}} g-prehnehs. non nulli sane 'pronum' aduerbialiter legunt. {{sc|'''magister'''}} leucaspis, ut in sexto libro &quot;Leucaspim et Lyciae ductorem classis Orontem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|116|[[Aeneis/Liber I#116|116.]]}} {{sc|'''ter'''}} saepius, finitus numerus pro infinito. crebros enim fluctus facit Aquilo, ut Sallustius &quot;crebritate fluctuum ut Aquilone solet&quot;. uel certe quod Graeci g-trikumian appellant, ut Sallustius &quot;triplici fluctu&quot;. IBIDEM 'ibidem' et 'ubinam' multi dubitant ubi esse debeat accentus, quia 'ibi' et 'ubi' naturaliter breves sunt, sed ratione finalitatis plerumque producuntur in uersu, nescientes hanc esse rationem, quia pronuntiationis causa contra usum Latinum syllabis ultimis, quibus particulae adiunguntur, accentus tribuitur, ut 'musaque' 'illene' 'huiusce'. sic ergo et 'ibidem'. 

{{ancora+|117|[[Aeneis/Liber I#117|117.]]}} {{sc|'''torqvet agens circvm'''}}  in gyrum circumagit. {{sc|'''vertex'''}} uertex dicitur circumacta in se unda et quae quasi sorbere uideatur: quod de Charybdi legitur &quot;atque imo barathri ter gurgite uastos sorbet in abruptum fluctus&quot;, de qua ait Sallustius &quot;Charybdis, mare uerticosum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|118|[[Aeneis/Liber I#118|118.]]}} {{sc|'''apparent'''}} aliud est 'parere' et aliud 'apparere'. 'parere' enim est oboedire, ut &quot;paret amor dictis&quot;, 'apparere' autem, uideri, ut &quot;apparet liquido sublimis in aere Nisus&quot;. et haec observatio diligenter custodiri debet, licet eam auctores metri causa plerumque corrumpant. {{sc|'''rari'''}} uel propter maris magnitudinem, uel quia una perierat navis. uel 'rari' de multis, ut ostendat statim alios plures periisse. et quomodo 'apparent', si 'ponto nox incubat atra'? aut quia 'crebris micat ignibus aether', aut quia ante ipsius oculos hoc evenit. {{sc|'''nantes'''}} prima uerbi positio est 'no nas nat', unde est &quot;nare per aestatem liquidam&quot;. prima syllaba naturaliter longa est, licet 'natare' 'na' brevis sit in eadem significatione. {{sc|'''in gvrgite vasto'''}} tapinosis est, id est rei magnae humilis expositio. prudenter tamen Vergilius humilitatem sermonis epitheto sublevat, ut hoc loco 'uasto' addidit. item cum de equo loqueretur ait &quot;cavernas ingentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|119|[[Aeneis/Liber I#119|119.]]}} {{sc|'''arma virvm'''}}  bene addidit 'uirum', id est uirorum. arma enim dicuntur cunctarum artium instrumenta, ut &quot;Cerealiaque arma&quot;, item &quot;colligere arma iubet&quot; et alio loco &quot;dicendum et quae sint duris agrestibus arma&quot;. {{sc|'''troia'''}} differentia in hoc sermone est et in sensu et in syllabis. nam cum provinciam dicimus, nam Troia provincia, Ilium ipsa civitas, et principale est nomen, brevis est 'Tro'. quando autem non est principale et derivatio est, longa est 'Tro.', ut &quot;Troius Aeneas&quot;. {{sc|'''gaza'''}} persicus sermo est et significat divitias, unde Gaza urbs in Palaestina dicitur, quod in ea Cambyses rex Persarum cum Aegyptiis bellum inferret divitias suas condidit. est autem generis feminini, ut &quot;et gaza laetus agresti&quot;. quo exemplo apparet quoque superfluo quaeri a multis, quemadmodum potuerit aurum natare, nescientibus gazas, id est opes, dici omne quod possidemus. aut certe hyperbole tempestatis, ut etiam ponderosa ferri potuerint. PER UNDAS 'per' quidam nolunt - - . 


{{ancora+|120|[[Aeneis/Liber I#120|120.]]}} {{sc|'''iam validam'''}}  zeugma est ab inferioribus 'uicit hiems'. quod fit et a superioribus et a medio, plerumque et ad utrumque respondet, ut &quot;Troiugena, interpres divum, qui numina Phoebi, qui tripodas, Clarii laurus, qui sidera sentis et uolucrum linguas et praepetis omina pinnae&quot;. ecce hoc loco 'sentis' et ante dicta et sequentia concludit. {{sc|'''ilionei'''}} antiptosis est, pro genetivo enim dativum posuit; nam constat huiusmodi Graeca nomina dativum singularem in ei diphthongum mittere, ut Orphei; nam illa solutio est cum Orphei separatim dicimus: nec modo 'Ilionei' possumus dicere adstrictum esse genetivum, ut ipse sit qui et dativus. quod si forte contingat, non regula mutatur, sed antiptosis fit, qua plerumque utuntur poetae, ut &quot;urbem quam statuo uestra est&quot; pro urbs, item &quot;haeret pede pes&quot; pro pedi. 

{{ancora+|121|[[Aeneis/Liber I#121|121.]]}} {{sc|'''vectvs'''}} qua uehebatur significat. et pro praesenti participio, quod non habemus, praeteritum posuit. in Latino enim sermone a passivo uerbo praesens participium non est, neque ab activo praeteritum. sed quod uno sermone explicare non possumus aut circumlocutione ostendimus, aut si hoc nolumus, participium pro participio ponimus, sed usurpative, ut hoc loco factum est. {{sc|'''abas'''}} abantes aliquot tradunt: hic unus, Aeneae comes; alter quem in Troia Diomedes occidit; tertius est Argivus, cuius clipeum tertio libro Apollini consecrasse dicit Aeneam. 

{{ancora+|122|[[Aeneis/Liber I#122|122.]]}} {{sc|'''vicit hiems'''}}  'hiems' duas res significat: aut tempus aut uim uenti, per quam oritur tempestas. ergo pro loco intellegendum est. Accius &quot;unde estis nautae huc hieme delati&quot;. sic et Varro. {{sc|'''laxis'''}} pro laxatis, nomen pro participio. 

{{ancora+|123|[[Aeneis/Liber I#123|123.]]}} {{sc|'''imbrem'''}} imber dicitur umor omnis, ut Lucretius ex &quot;igni terra atque anima nascuntur et imbri&quot;, id est umore. {{sc|'''imbrem'''}} ueteres enim omnem aquam imbrem dicebant. Ennius imbrem pro aqua marina &quot;ratibusque fremebat imber Neptuni&quot;. {{sc|'''fatiscvnt'''}} abundanter aperiuntur; 'fatim' enim abundanter dicimus, unde et adfatim, hiscere autem aperiri, uerbum frequentativum ab hiare. 

{{ancora+|125|[[Aeneis/Liber I#125|125.]]}} {{sc|'''emissam hiemem'''}}  hic apertius tempestatem declarat significari ex Graeco; nam et illi g-cheimona tempestatem dicunt. et bene ueteres nostri 'hiemem anni' dicebant, ne tempestas posset intellegi. {{sc|'''imis'''}} bene in imo uoluit esse Neptunum, ut iam factam cognosceret tempestatem, non incipientem uetaret. 

{{ancora+|126|[[Aeneis/Liber I#126|126.]]}} {{sc|'''stagna'''}} stagnum dicitur aqua stans, sed nunc profunda maris significat ab eo, quod non nisi nimia tempestate turbantur. ergo 'stagna' et 'imis uadis refusa' aliud pendet ex alio, quia inmobilis aqua in imo maris tantummodo est, quam tunc ab imo motu dicit esse turbatam. {{sc|'''graviter commotvs'''}} opportune Neptunum ait commotum cum maria turbantur, quia plerumque poetae Neptunum pro mari ponunt. {{sc|'''et alto prospiciens'''}} aut e mari erigens caput, aut mari providens. quidam 'alto' caelo accipiunt, quia ait 'iam caelum terramque'. 

{{ancora+|127|[[Aeneis/Liber I#127|127.]]}} {{sc|'''placidvm capvt'''}}  quaerunt multi quemadmodum 'placidum caput', si 'graviter commotus'? quasi non possit fieri, ut irascatur uentis, propitius sit Troianis. uno autem epitheto more suo habitum futurae orationis ostendit, ut alibi uno sermone 'tum quassans caput'. {{sc|'''placidvmqve capvt'''}} epitheta alia naturalia sunt, alia ad tempus. et 'placidum' ut naturale Neptuni est, ita 'graviter commotus' ad tempus ob factam tempestatem. 

{{ancora+|128|[[Aeneis/Liber I#128|128.]]}} {{sc|'''disiectam aeneae t'''}} - V- A- C- hic ostendit Aeolum omnia Iunonis praecepta complesse. nam 'submersasque obrue puppes' in Orontis sociorumque eius interitu; 'aut age diversas et dissice corpora ponto' 'disiectam Aeneae toto uidet aequore classem'. 

{{ancora+|129|[[Aeneis/Liber I#129|129.]]}} {{sc|'''caeliqve rvina'''}}  id est tonitribus, quorum sonus similis est ruinis. 


{{ancora+|130|[[Aeneis/Liber I#130|130.]]}} {{sc|'''nec latvere doli fratrem ivnonis et irae'''}}  aut doli Iunonis, aut fratrem Iunonis. gemina ergo distinctio est. {{sc|'''fratrem ivnonis'''}} quod et ipsa Saturni est filia. 

{{ancora+|131|[[Aeneis/Liber I#131|131.]]}} {{sc|'''evrvm ad se zephyrvmqve vocat'''}}  per hos omnes intellege; isti enim sunt cardinales. 'ad se' autem g-ehthikohs. cur tamen Zephyrus, qui ad Italiam ducit, quem poeta supra tacuit, nunc uocatur? ira in hoc Neptuni exprimitur, si etiam eum obiurgat, qui non adfuerit. 

{{ancora+|132|[[Aeneis/Liber I#132|132.]]}} {{sc|'''generis fidvcia vestri'''}}  Astraeus enim unus de Titanibus, qui contra deos arma sumpserunt, cum Aurora concubuit, unde nati sunt uenti secundum Hesiodum. et hoc loco fiduciam pro confidentia posuit, cum fiducia in bonis rebus sit, confidentia in malis. 

{{ancora+|133|[[Aeneis/Liber I#133|133.]]}} {{sc|'''iam caelvm terrasqve'''}}  aut ordo est 'ausi estis sine meo numine tantas moles tollere et caelum terrasque turbare'? aut certe illud est, quod tria haec numina, licet divisa imperia teneant, uidentur tamen inuicem regni totius habere potestatem, sicut et ipsa elementa quae retinent physica inter se quadam ratione iunguntur. quod et ipsorum numinum sceptra significant. Iuppiter enim trifido utitur fulmine, Neptunus tridente, Pluto tricerbero. multi enim quaerunt, cur modo Neptunus de alienis conqueratur elementis. aut certe 'terram' pro mari posuit, ab eo quod continet id quod continetur, quia ipse dicitur g-Enosichthohn et g-Enosigaios, id est movens terram. et caelum pro aere; constat enim terram cum aqua in aere libratam. {{sc|'''meo sine nvmine'''}} hoc est 'et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas'. {{sc|'''nvmine venti'''}} distingue 'numine', ut 'uenti' conuicium sit. 

{{ancora+|135|[[Aeneis/Liber I#135|135.]]}} {{sc|'''qvos ego'''}}  deficit hoc loco sermo; et congrue, quasi irati et turbatae mentis, ut alibi &quot;me me, adsum&quot;. similiter &quot;incipit effari, mediaque in uoce resistit&quot;. Terentius &quot;quem quidem ego si sensero, sed quid opus est uerbis?&quot; his enim adfectibus tantum sermonis defectio congruit. {{sc|'''qvos ego'''}} subauditur 'ulciscar'. ergo g-aposiohpehsis est, hoc est, ut ad alium sensum transeat, ideo abruptum et pendentem reliquit. et necessarium post tale schema 'sed' coniunctionem sequi, ut &quot;quamquam o, sed&quot;. {{sc|'''sed motos praestat'''}} prudenter agit; plus est enim innocentibus succurrere, quam nocentium delicta punire. {{sc|'''praestat'''}} melius est, ut &quot;praestat Trinacrii metas lustrare Pachyni&quot;. et notandus sermo. nam et per se plenus est, et tam accusativo iungitur quam septimo. dicimus enim et 'praestat illum' et 'praestat illo'. 

{{ancora+|136|[[Aeneis/Liber I#136|136.]]}} {{sc|'''post mihi non simili poena commissa lvetis'''}}  aut 'non simili poena', id est non ea qua Troianos adfecistis, aut certe 'mihi non simili', id est uehementer irato. POST MIHI N- S- P- C- L- pro 'non inpune eritis posthac'; nunc enim nullam poenam sentiunt, nisi forte obiurgationis. 'commissa' autem hic pro peccatis. {{sc|'''lvetis'''}} persoluetis. et hic sermo a pecunia descendit; antiquorum enim omnes poenae pecuniariae fuerunt. 

{{ancora+|137|[[Aeneis/Liber I#137|137.]]}} {{sc|'''matvrate fvgam'''}}  cum maturitate, id est cum tranquillitate discedite, quo modo dicimus 'matura iracundiam tuam', id est mitiga; perniciosum enim Troianis est, si maturent fugam, hoc est accelerent. ergo 'fugam' hic tantum discessum accipiendum. 

{{ancora+|138|[[Aeneis/Liber I#138|138.]]}} {{sc|'''saevvmqve'''}} uel magnum et potentem, ut superius, uel uere saevum in uentos, quia minatur. {{sc|'''tridentem'''}} ideo tridens Neptuno adsignatur, quia mare a quibusdam dicitur tertia pars mundi, uel quia tria genera aquarum sunt, maris, fluminum, fluviorum, quibus omnibus Neptunum praeesse non nulli dicunt. 

{{ancora+|139|[[Aeneis/Liber I#139|139.]]}} {{sc|'''sorte'''}} ac si diceret potuisse se etiam caelum tenere, Aeolum uero beneficio etiam carceris regna meruisse, nec sine suo arbitrio posse quemquam in suo regno habere potestatem. SED MIHI SORTE DATUM 'sorte' ideo ait, quia Iuppiter et Neptunus et Dis pater, Saturni et Opis filii, cum de mundi possessione certamen inissent, placuit ut imperium sorte dividerent: ita effectum est, ut caelum Iuppiter, maria Neptunus, Dis pater inferos sortirentur. {{sc|'''inmania'''}} aspera; 'manum' enim antiqui bonum dicebant, sicut supra dictum est, unde et 'mane' dicitur; quid enim melius? et per antiphrasin 'manes' inferi, quia non sint boni. 


{{ancora+|140|[[Aeneis/Liber I#140|140.]]}} {{sc|'''vestras evre domos'''}}  irascentum est uti proprio nomine, ut Terentius &quot;ego te in pistrinum Dave dedam&quot;. aut quasi contra principem tempestatis irascitur, quem primum constat egressum, quia supra 'una Eurusque Notusque ruunt'. quod autem dixit 'saxa inmania, uestras domos' de Pseudulo Plauti tractum est, ubi ait &quot;nisi forte carcerem aliquando effregistis uestram domum&quot;. et figurate 'saxa, domos'; uario enim significatu idem ostenditur. {{sc|'''iactet'''}} pro glorietur, sicut in georgicis &quot;nullo tantum se Moesia cultu iactet&quot;. et hoc ex accidenti sumptum, quoniam quicumque sunt in aliqua re gloriosissima motu quodam et incessu corpus suum iactant. {{sc|'''avla'''}} inrisio est; sequitur enim 'carcere'. et nihil tam contrarium si simpliciter intellegamus. 

{{ancora+|141|[[Aeneis/Liber I#141|141.]]}} {{sc|'''clavso'''}} quia dimittere uentos non ipsius est, sed iubentis. et hoc est &quot;foedere certo et dare iussus habenas&quot;. {{sc|'''ventorvm'''}} non otiose, sed per exprobrationem, poterat enim dicere 'uestro', sed ut supra &quot;meo sine numine uenti&quot;. {{sc|'''carcere regnet'''}} licet carcer sit, tamen regnum est Aeoli; haec enim pro adfectu possidentis intellegenda sunt, ut alibi cum de rure loqueretur &quot;post aliquot mea regna uidens mirabor aristas&quot;. et bene regnum Aeoli custodiam carceris dixit. 

{{ancora+|142|[[Aeneis/Liber I#142|142.]]}} {{sc|'''dicto citivs'''}}  non antequam diceret, dixit enim 'haec ait'; sed citius, quam dici potest. {{sc|'''placat'''}} sub poetica licentia physicam quoque tangit rationem. mare enim dicitur esse Neptunus, quem superius dixit graviter commotum, quia tempestas erat. nunc ait 'placat', quia iam sedari coeperant maria. 

{{ancora+|143|[[Aeneis/Liber I#143|143.]]}} {{sc|'''collectas'''}} aut nunc collegit et fugavit, aut ante a uentis collectas fugavit, id est resoluit. {{sc|'''collectas'''}} colligere enim nubes dicitur caelum, ut &quot;aut si nox pluviam ne colligat ante ueremur&quot;. {{sc|'''solemqve redvcit'''}} per solem serenitas intellegenda, quia superius dixerat &quot;eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque&quot;. quis enim ignorat diem constare per solem? et consequens erat, ut fugatis nubibus sol rediret. 

{{ancora+|144|[[Aeneis/Liber I#144|144.]]}} {{sc|'''cymothoe'''}} nomina deorum plerumque de causis sunt ficta ab elementis, quae numina dici uoluere maiores, ut 'Cymothoe', id est cursus fluctuum, g-apo g-tou g-theein g-to g-kuma. {{sc|'''triton'''}} deus marinus, Neptuni et Salaciae filius, deae marinae ab aqua salsa dictae. {{sc|'''adnixvs'''}} antiquum est, ut 'conixus', quibus hodie non utimur; dicimus enim 'adnisus' et 'conisus'. sed et multa alia usus contra antiquitatem uindicavit. illi enim 'parsi' dicebant, nos dicimus 'peperci'. item nos dicimus 'suscepi', illi dicebant 'succepi', ut &quot;succepitque ignem foliis&quot;. {{sc|'''adnixvs'''}} zeugma est, 'adnixi' enim debuit dicere, ut paulo post &quot;haud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum, aut portum tenet&quot;. ergo 'adnixus' ad Tritonem tantum pertinet, quia Cymothoen iuvabat. quibusdam sane non uidetur zeugma, quia 'adnixus', non 'conixus'. ordo tamen est 'Cymothoe simul et Triton acuto detrudunt naves scopulo', ab aris scilicet in quas &quot;tris Notus in s- l- t&quot;. 

{{ancora+|145|[[Aeneis/Liber I#145|145.]]}} {{sc|'''levat'''}} leves ac navigabiles facit, ut &quot;nostrumque leves quaecumque laborem&quot;. et scire debemus prudenter poetam pro causis uel tendere uel corripere orationem, ut hoc loco periclitantibus Troianis tota celeritate dicit esse subuentum. contra in quinto libro ubi nullum periculum est latius describit placantem maria Neptunum. item in secundo libro quoniam inminet periculum uno uersu ait &quot;quo res summa loco Panthu? quam prendimus arcem?&quot; {{sc|'''levat'''}} laxat, ut &quot;atque arta levari uincla iubet Priamus&quot;. {{sc|'''tridenti'''}} autem pro tridente, dativum pro ablativo. 

{{ancora+|146|[[Aeneis/Liber I#146|146.]]}} {{sc|'''aperit'''}} ideo quia harenarum congerie inpediente praeclusae ad navigandum erant. ergo inmisso in eas mari aptas ad navigandum facit. sic Sallustius &quot;sed ubi tempore anni mare classibus patefactum est&quot;. ceterum bis idem. {{sc|'''temperat'''}} tranquillum facit. 

{{ancora+|147|[[Aeneis/Liber I#147|147.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve rotis svmmas l'''}} - P- V- bene non moratur in descriptione currus, ut citius liberetur Aeneas. - -. {{sc|'''perlabitvr vndas'''}} figura est. quod enim nos modo dicimus per praepositionem nomini copulatam sequente uerbo, antiqui uerso ordine praepositionem detractam nomini iungebant uerbo, ita tamen ut esset una pars orationis, et faciebant honestam elocutionem. nos dicimus 'per undas labitur', illi dicebant 'perlabitur undas'. item 'per forum curro' et 'percurro forum'. notandum plane quod plerumque suum regit casum, plerumque ad ablativum transit. 

{{ancora+|148|[[Aeneis/Liber I#148|148.]]}} {{sc|'''ac velvti magno in popvlo'''}}  iste tempestati populi motum comparat, Tullius populo tempestatem: pro Milone &quot;equidem ceteras tempestates et procellas in illis dumtaxat fluctibus contionum&quot;. ita et Homerus seditioni tempestatem g-kinehtheh g-d' g-agoreh g-hohs g-kumata g-makra g-thalassehs. ideo autem 'magno' addidit, quia ubi frequens est populus, ibi et crebra seditio. et quidam 'populum' totam civitatem, 'uulgum' uero plebem significari putant. {{sc|'''saepe'''}} autem ut fieri solet. 

{{ancora+|149|[[Aeneis/Liber I#149|149.]]}} {{sc|'''seditio'''}} 'seditio' est ⟨dissensio civium⟩, sicut Cicero ait in de re publica &quot;eaque dissensio civium, quod seorsum eunt alii ad alios, seditio dicitur&quot;. {{sc|'''animis ignobile'''}} id est stultum, ut contra nobilem animum prudentium dicimus. ideo etiam paulo post ait 'arrectis auribus'; sumpsit enim translationem ab animalibus, quae utique stultiora sunt. {{sc|'''vvlgvs'''}} et masculini generis et neutri lectum est: generis neutri hoc loco, alibi masculini, ut in &quot;uulgum ambiguas&quot;. et hoc est artis ut masculino utamur, quia omnia Latina nomina in us exeuntia, si neutra fuerint, tertiae sunt declinationis, ut pecus pecoris: si autem secundae fuerint declinationis, masculina sunt; 'uulgi' autem facit, non 'uulgeris', ut docti, clari. usurpatum tamen est neutrum genus propter unum Graecum nomen, id est pelagus. cum enim pelagi faciat, neutri tamen est generis. 


{{ancora+|150|[[Aeneis/Liber I#150|150.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve faces et saxa volant'''}}  multi non 'uolant', sed 'uolunt' invenisse se dicunt. sed Cornutus &quot;uerendum&quot;, ait, &quot;ne praeposterum sit faces uelle, et sic saxa, cum alibi maturius et ex ordine dictum sit 'arma uelit poscatque simul rapiatque inuentus&quot;'. {{sc|'''fvror arma ministrat'''}} sic alibi &quot;rimanti telum ira facit&quot;. sane summa uelocitate sensus explicitus. 

{{ancora+|151|[[Aeneis/Liber I#151|151.]]}} {{sc|'''gravem'''}} venerabilem, unde et contemptibiles 'leves' dicimus. et bene servat circa hunc rhetoricam definitionem, cui dat et iustitiam et peritiam dicendi, ut 'tum pietate gravem' et 'ille regit dictis animos'. orator enim est uir bonus, dicendi peritus. {{sc|'''pietate gravem'''}} cuius illis auctoritas ob pietatem est gravis. 

{{ancora+|152|[[Aeneis/Liber I#152|152.]]}} {{sc|'''arrectis avribvs'''}}  translatio a mutis animalibus, quibus aures mobiles sunt. an aures pro audiendi sensu posuit, secutus Terentium qui ait &quot;arrige aures Pamphile&quot;? 

{{ancora+|155|[[Aeneis/Liber I#155|155.]]}} {{sc|'''genitor'''}} venerabilis, ut &quot;Thybri pater&quot;. ergo hoc nomen et ad uerum patrem pertinet et ad honorem refertur. sane ueteres omnes deos patres dicebant. {{sc|'''caeloqve invectvs aperto'''}} non per caelum uectus, sed caelo iam sereno uectus per maria. 

{{ancora+|156|[[Aeneis/Liber I#156|156.]]}} {{sc|'''flectit'''}} quidam 'flectit' pro regit accipiunt, ut interdum 'torquet' in eodem significatu ponit &quot;qui numine torques&quot;. {{sc|'''cvrrv'''}} non, ut quidam putant, pro 'currui' posuit, nec est apocope, sed ratio artis antiquae, quia omnis nominativus pluralis regit genetivum singularem et isosyllabus esse debet, ut hae musae huius musae, hi docti huius docti. item a genetivo singulari dativus regitur singularis, ut isosyllabus sit, ut huius docti huic docto. inde ergo est &quot;curruque abscisa duorum suspendit capita&quot; et &quot;libra die&quot;, ne, si 'diei' fecisset, maior esset nominativo plurali. {{sc|'''secvndo'''}} troianis obsequenti. et tractus est sermo a sequentibus seruis, id est pedisequis secundis: unde et secundam fortunam dicimus, quod secundum nos est, id est prope nos. 

{{ancora+|157|[[Aeneis/Liber I#157|157.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneadae'''}} nunc Troiani, aliquando Romani, ut &quot;Aeneadae in ferrum pro libertate ruebant&quot;. {{sc|'''proxima litora'''}} ideo quia post periculum non eligitur litus, sed quodcumque occurrit occupatur. {{sc|'''cvrsv'''}} aut secundum quod superius diximus 'proxima cursu', id est cursui, aut 'contendunt cursu petere', et est septimus casus. ut hic 'cursu' de navibus, ita alibi iter, ut &quot;unde iter Italiam&quot; et in quinto &quot;certus iter&quot;. stationes etiam navium dicebant, quod est animalibus terrestribus proprium. 

{{ancora+|158|[[Aeneis/Liber I#158|158.]]}} {{sc|'''vertvntvr'''}} scilicet a proposito itinere, hoc est ab Italia. 

{{ancora+|159|[[Aeneis/Liber I#159|159.]]}} {{sc|'''est in secessv'''}}  topothesia est, id est fictus secundum poeticam licentiam locus. ne autem uideatur penitus a ueritate discedere, Hispaniensis Carthaginis portum descripsit. ceterum hunc locum in Africa nusquam esse constat, nec incongrue propter nominis similitudinem posuit. nam topographia est rei uerae descriptio. {{sc|'''secessv'''}} sinu secreto. {{sc|'''locvs'''}} subaudis 'quem', ut superius &quot;urbs antiqua fuit&quot;. et sciendum est, quia, quotiens praemittimus nomen cuiuslibet generis et interposito pronomine proprium sequitur nomen alterius generis, medium illud pronomen proprii nominis genus sequitur, ut Sallustius &quot;est in carcere locus, quod Tullianum appellatur&quot;. ecce proprio iunxit, non appellativo; Tullianum enim proprium est, carcer appellativum. si autem utraque nomina appellativa fuerint, licenter cui uolumus respondemus. INSVLA PORTUM EFFICIT 'quem locum' subaudimus, uel 'in quo insula portum efficit'; hoc enim solummodo portus, quod illi insula anteposita est. 


{{ancora+|161|[[Aeneis/Liber I#161|161.]]}} {{sc|'''inqve sinvs scindit sese vnda redvctos'''}}  dividit se unda in sinus reductos, id est replicabiles. {{sc|'''inqve sinvs'''}} antiqua est locutio. sic ipse alibi &quot;inque salutatam linquo&quot;. C- Memmius de triumpho Luculli Asiatico: &quot;inque luxuriosissimis Asiae oppidis consedissse&quot; et mox &quot;inque Gallograeciam redierunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|162|[[Aeneis/Liber I#162|162.]]}} {{sc|'''gemini'''}} pares, similes; interdum et duos significat. {{sc|'''minantvr'''}} eminent, ut &quot;minaeque murorum ingentes&quot;. item &quot;illa usque minatur&quot;. et ita est, ut quae eminent minari uideantur. 

{{ancora+|163|[[Aeneis/Liber I#163|163.]]}} {{sc|'''svb vertice'''}}  hoc est circa radices montis, quae ad rectam lineam suscipiunt cacumen, id est uerticem. 

{{ancora+|164|[[Aeneis/Liber I#164|164.]]}} {{sc|'''tvta'''}} a tempestate defensa, ideo et 'silent'. {{sc|'''tvm'''}} pro praeterea. TUM SILVIS SCAENA CORVSCIS 'siluis coruscis' hoc est siluarum coruscarum, id est crispantium, ut Iuvenalis &quot;longa coruscat serraco veniente abies&quot;. et posuit septimum pro genetivo, ut superius &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. alii 'coruscis' tremulis uel uibrantibus accipiunt. {{sc|'''scaena'''}} inumbratio. et dicta scaena g-apo g-tehs g-skias. apud antiquos enim theatralis scaena parietem non habuit, sed de frondibus umbracula quaerebant. postea tabulata conponere coeperunt in modum parietis. scaena autem pars theatri aduersa spectantibus, in qua sunt regia. 

{{ancora+|165|[[Aeneis/Liber I#165|165.]]}} {{sc|'''desvper'''}} pro supra, praepositione contra rationem adiecta. {{sc|'''horrenti'''}} horror plerumque ad odium pertinet, plerumque ad venerationem, ut hoc loco. sic Lucanus &quot;arboribus suus horror inest&quot;. {{sc|'''atrvm nemvs'''}} tropus est; per atrum enim nigrum ostendit, per nigrum umbrosum, per umbrosum densum, id est frondibus plenum. 

{{ancora+|167|[[Aeneis/Liber I#167|167.]]}} {{sc|'''vivo'''}} naturali, ut &quot;uivo praeteruehor ostia saxo&quot;. 

{{ancora+|168|[[Aeneis/Liber I#168|168.]]}} {{sc|'''nympharvm domvs'''}}  aut uerum dicit et est historia, aut ad laudem pertinet loci: talis, inquit, locus est, ut domus credatur esse nympharum. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro 'illic' more suo. 

{{ancora+|169|[[Aeneis/Liber I#169|169.]]}} {{sc|'''anchora morsv'''}}  hoc nomen cum in Graeco, unde originem ducit, aspirationem non habeat, in Latino aspiratur: quod est contrarium; nam magis Graecorum est aspiratio. sed hoc in paucis nominibus invenitur. morsum autem de anchoris bene dixit, cum alio loco inveniamus &quot;tum dente tenaci anchora fundabat navis&quot;. 


{{ancora+|170|[[Aeneis/Liber I#170|170.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc septem aeneae c'''}} - N- quidam uolunt hoc loco quaestionem nasci. si favet Neptunus Troianis, cur cum omnibus navibus ad Africam non pervenit Aeneas? sed Neptunus postquam sensit tempestatem commotam, potuit de periculo liberare Troianos, ante facta uero mutare non potuit. nam et Orontis navem cum omnibus sociis eius constat perisse: et simul libri oeconomia perisset, si Aeneas cum omnibus navibus pervenisset. uolunt autem septem naves ita interim colligi, ut una Aeneae sit, tres de saxis a Cymothoe et Tritone, tres de syrtibus, Neptuno syrtes navigabiles faciente, liberatae sint, reliquae tantum dispersae sint, quas paulo post legimus ad Africae litus adpulsas. novam tamen rem Naevius bello Punico dicit, unam navem habuisse Aeneam, quam Mercurius fecerit. 

{{ancora+|171|[[Aeneis/Liber I#171|171.]]}} {{sc|'''tellvris amore'''}}  cuiuscumque post pericula. unde et superius dixit 'quae proxima litora cursu contendunt'. et paulo post infert 'optata potiuntur Troes harena'; nam re uera haec optata non erat eis, qui ad Italiam festinant. tellurem autem pro terra posuit, cum Tellurem deam dicamus, terram elementum; ut plerumque ponimus Vulcanum pro igni, Cererem pro frumento, Liberum pro uino. 

{{ancora+|172|[[Aeneis/Liber I#172|172.]]}} {{sc|'''harena'''}} quaeritur, habeat necne nomen hoc adspirationem. et Varro sic definit &quot;si ab ariditate dicitur non habet, si ab haerendo, ut in fabricis uidemus, habet&quot;. melior tamen est superior etymologia. et 'harena' aut pro terra posita est, aut et harena grata potuit esse post mare. 

{{ancora+|173|[[Aeneis/Liber I#173|173.]]}} {{sc|'''sale tabentis'''}}  aut madefactos aspargine, aut qui apud sentinam laboraverint; nam supra ait &quot;omnes accipiunt inimicum imbrem&quot;. sane marina aqua dicitur exesse et extenuare ut cetera sic corpus humanum. {{sc|'''in litore'''}} pro in litus, ut &quot;arma sub aduersa posuit radiantia quercu&quot; pro sub aduersam quercum. 

{{ancora+|174|[[Aeneis/Liber I#174|174.]]}} {{sc|'''silici scintillam excvdit'''}}  bene adiecit speciem, quia in lapidibus certis invenitur ignis. 'excudit' autem est feriendo eiecit, quia cudere est ferire; unde et incus dicitur, quod illic aliquid cudamus, id est feriamus. {{sc|'''achates'''}} adlusit ad nomen, nam achates lapidis species est: bene ergo ipsum dicit ignem excusisse. unde etiam Achaten eius comitem dixit. lectum est enim in naturali historia Plinii, quod si quis hunc lapidem in anulo habuerit, gratiosior est. 

{{ancora+|175|[[Aeneis/Liber I#175|175.]]}} {{sc|'''svccepit'''}} pro suscepit, ut diximus supra. 

{{ancora+|176|[[Aeneis/Liber I#176|176.]]}} {{sc|'''nvtrimenta'''}} Cicero in Oratore &quot;sed quod educata huius nutrimentis eloquentia ipsa se postea colorat&quot;. {{sc|'''rapvitqve in fomite flammam'''}} paene soloecophanes est; nam cum mutationem uerbum significet, ablativo usus est: sed hoc soluit aut antiqua circa communes praepositiones licentia, ut est &quot;conditus in nubem&quot;, contra &quot;et nota conduntur in aluo&quot;, item &quot;saeva sedens super arma&quot; et &quot;geminae super arbore sidunt&quot;. Cicero &quot;quod ille in capite ab hostium duce acceperat&quot;, item &quot;et si fortes fueritis in eo, quem nemo sit ausus defendere&quot;. aut 'rapuit' raptim fecit flammam in fomite, id est celeriter. et mire 'rapuit', opus est enim celeritate ad tale ministerium. sane fomites sunt assulae quae ab arboribus cadunt quando inciduntur, quod foveant ignem. Clodius Scriba commentariorum IIII. &quot;fomenta taleae excisae ex arboribus&quot;, item alio loco &quot;astulae ambustae, ligna cavata a fungis nomine excepto&quot;. 

{{ancora+|177|[[Aeneis/Liber I#177|177.]]}} {{sc|'''cererem'''}} metonymia pro frumento. {{sc|'''corrvptam vndis'''}} aqua emollitam. {{sc|'''cerealiaqve arma'''}} fugiens uilia ad generalitatem transiit propter carminis dignitatem et rem uilem auxit honestate sermonis, ut alibi, ne lucernam diceret, ait &quot;testa cum ardente uiderent scintillare oleum&quot;. et sciendum est iudice euphonia dici 'Cerealia' uel 'Cerialia', 'Typhoea' uel 'Typhoia', 'Caesareanus' uel 'Caesarianus'. in his ergo licentia derivationis est. CEREALIAQUE ARMA 'arma' enim generaliter omnium rerum instrumenta dicuntur, ubi reponuntur armaria dicta sunt. Nigidius de hominum naturalibus IIII. &quot;omnis enim ars materia inuenta circa quam uersetur, ferramenta uasa instrumentum armamentaque primum comparat, per quae opera sua efficere possit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|178|[[Aeneis/Liber I#178|178.]]}} {{sc|'''fessi rervm'''}}  hoc est penuria fatigati, id est esurientes, quod fere laborem fames subsequitur. et fessus generale est; dicimus enim fessus animo, id est incertus consilii, ut &quot;ter fessus ualle resedit&quot;, et fessus corpore, quod magis est proprium, et fessus rerum a fortuna venientium, ut hoc loco. epitheta numquam uacant, sed aut ad augmentum, aut ad diminutionem, aut ad discretionem poni solent. {{sc|'''frvges'''}} generaliter omnes fruges dicuntur, et errant qui discernunt frumenta a frugibus. nam Cicero ait &quot;olei et frugum minutarum&quot;, cum de leguminibus diceret, ut ostenderet etiam frumenta fruges uocari. frugum autem nomen tractum est a frumine, id est eminente gutturis parte. {{sc|'''receptas'''}} liberatas ut &quot;medioque ex hoste recepit&quot;, id est liberavit. {{sc|'''receptas'''}} de periculo uel ex insperato saluas. 

{{ancora+|179|[[Aeneis/Liber I#179|179.]]}} {{sc|'''et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo'''}}  multi hysteroproteron putant, non respicientes superiora, quia dixit undis Cererem esse corruptam, quam necesse fuerat ante siccari. qui tamen etiam contra hoc illo se tuentur exemplo &quot;nunc torrete igni fruges, nunc frangite saxo&quot; et uolunt etiam hic hysteroproteron esse. quod falsum est; nam et hodie siccari ante fruges et sic frangi uidemus. et quia apud maiores nostros molarum usus non erat, frumenta torrebant et ea in pilas missa pinsebant, et hoc erat genus molendi. unde et pinsores dicti sunt, qui nunc pistores uocantur. pinsere autem dici Persius probat, ut &quot;a tergo quem nulla ciconia pinsit&quot;. quidam ne hysteroproteron sit, alios torrere, alios frangere accipiunt. Accius Troadibus &quot;nocturna saxo fruges franges torridas&quot;. sane his uersibus 'tum Cererem corruptam undis' et 'torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo' ius pontificum latenter attingit. flamines autem farinam fermentatam contingere non licebat. cum autem dicit 'Cererem corruptam undis' et 'torrere p- f- et f- s-', quid aliud ostendit, quam mox eos sine fermento panem coxisse, qui omnes fruges corruptas protulerunt? non autem exspectasse eos fermentum, docet illo uersu 'tum uictu revocant uires'. 


{{ancora+|180|[[Aeneis/Liber I#180|180.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneas'''}} merita personarum uilibus officiis interesse non debent: quod bene servat ubique Vergilius, ut hoc loco, item in sexto cum diversis officiis Troianos diceret occupatos, ait &quot;at pius Aeneas arces quibus altus Apollo praesidet&quot;: nisi cum causa pietatis intervenit, ut ad sepeliendum socium Misenum de Aenea dixit &quot;paribusque accingitur armis&quot;. {{sc|'''scopvlvm'''}} id est speculam. et quando speculationem significamus, generis est feminini, ut &quot;specula Misenus ab alta&quot;. speculum autem, in quo nos intuemur, generis est neutri, ut Iuvenalis &quot;speculum civilis sarcina belli&quot;. 

{{ancora+|181|[[Aeneis/Liber I#181|181.]]}} {{sc|'''late petit'''}}  in quantum potest. {{sc|'''pelago'''}} in pelagus, ut &quot;inferretque deos Latio&quot;. {{sc|'''anthea si qvem'''}} aut ordo est 'ascendit scopulum requisiturus Anthea Capyn Caicum, si quem uideat'. et usus est hoc genere elocutionis, quo et Terentius, qui dixit &quot;quod plerique omnes faciunt adulescentuli&quot;. atqui nihil tam contrarium; omnes enim generale est, plerique speciale: ordo ergo est, quod omnes faciunt adulescentuli, ut animum ad aliquod studium adiungant, plerique equos alere, plerique canes. aut certe 'quem' uacat, ut superius diximus istas frequenter uacare particulas, ut ipse Vergilius &quot;Rhebe diu, res si qua diu mortalibus ulla est&quot;. nemo enim dicit 'si qua ulla', sed 'si ulla': uacat ergo 'qua'. item in Lucilio &quot;et quem Pamphilum quaeris&quot; 'quem' uacat, nam de uno loquebatur. ergo 'si quem uideat' pro 'si uideat' posuit, cui contrarium ponebant ueteres 'nullum', id est 'si quem uidisti' 'nullum uidi' pro 'non uidi'. sane legitur et 'si qua', ut sit 'si qua ratione'. 

{{ancora+|182|[[Aeneis/Liber I#182|182.]]}} {{sc|'''phrygias'''}} Troianas, Troia enim in Phrygia provincia est. et ueri simile est, Aeneam de omni ipsa provincia socios habere potuisse. in secundo enim ait &quot;undique convenere animis opibusque parati&quot;. dicta autem Phrygia ab Aesopi filia Phrygia. {{sc|'''biremis'''}} naves habentes remorum ordinem geminum, ut alibi &quot;triplici pubes quam Dardana uersu inpellunt&quot;. quidam tamen 'biremes' ad suum tempus uolunt dixisse Vergilium, negantes Troicis temporibus biremes fuisse. Varro enim ait post aliquot annos inuentas biremes. 

{{ancora+|183|[[Aeneis/Liber I#183|183.]]}} {{sc|'''in pvppibvs arma caici'''}}  quia navigantum militum est puppibus arma religare, ut alibi &quot;pacem orare manu, praefigere puppibus arma&quot;. fiebat hoc autem et signi gratia. aut 'arma' pro navalibus armamentis, ut &quot;colligere arma iubet&quot;, quia solent naves a uelificatione facile cognosci. 

{{ancora+|184|[[Aeneis/Liber I#184|184.]]}} {{sc|'''cervos'''}} cerui dicti sunt g-apo g-ton g-keraton, id est a cornibus. sciendum autem est etiam Latina nomina Graecam plerumque etymologiam recipere. sed cerui non sunt in provincia proconsulari, ad quam venit Aeneas. aut fictum ergo est secundum poeticum morem, aut ob hoc dictum, quia heroicis temporibus ubique omnia nascebantur per se, ut ipse &quot;omnis feret omnia tellus&quot;. aut possunt tunc fuisse, sed ut multis aliis locis uariae mutationes factae: licet quidam ceruos pro quacumque fera dictos accipiant, quia post ait 'inplentur ueteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae'. nam male quidam eos de uicinis insulis transfretasse tradunt, et ideo 'errantes', quod in ignotis locis essent. 

{{ancora+|185|[[Aeneis/Liber I#185|185.]]}} {{sc|'''errantes'''}} pascentes, ut alibi &quot;mille meae Siculis errant in montibus agnae&quot;; re uera enim dum pascuntur, uagantur. et in septimo de ceruo &quot;errabat siluis&quot;. {{sc|'''tota'''}} inter 'totum' et 'omne' hoc interest, quod 'totum' dicimus unius corporis plenitudinem, 'omne' de universis dicimus, ut puta 'totum auditorium habet scolasticos', hoc est plenum est auditorium scolasticis; 'omne auditorium habet scolasticos', id est omnia auditoria. usurpant tamen poetae et ista confundunt, ut hoc loco 'tota' pro omnibus posuit, et contra pro tota 'omnem' posuit, ut est &quot;omnemque reverti per Troiam&quot;. Statius &quot;et totos in poenam ordire nepotes&quot;, id est omnes. plerique derivationem dicunt ab eo quod est 'tot' 'totus', ut ab eo quod est 'quot' 'quotus'. sed illud notandum, quia in derivatione mutat plerumque naturam; nam cum 'tot' naturaliter brevis sit, 'totus' producitur, 'quotus' uero secundum originem suam brevis remanet. {{sc|'''armenta'''}} uidetur nove de ceruis dixisse, cum armenta proprie boum sint uel equorum uel ceterorum quibus in armis utimur. 

{{ancora+|186|[[Aeneis/Liber I#186|186.]]}} {{sc|'''agmen'''}} agmen proprie dicitur ordinata multitudo, ut est ambulantis exercitus; neque enim in uno loco stans agmen uocatur, aut si inuentum fuerit usurpatum est: unde bene adiecit 'longum', ut incedentum ostenderet significationem. 

{{ancora+|187|[[Aeneis/Liber I#187|187.]]}} {{sc|'''constitit'''}} 'con' secundum naturam brevis est semper, excepto quum s littera uel f sequitur; tunc enim tantum producitur, sicut 'in' syllaba, ut insula, infula. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro tunc, aut pro ibi. {{sc|'''celeres'''}} potest et pro celeriter accipi. 

{{ancora+|188|[[Aeneis/Liber I#188|188.]]}} {{sc|'''corripvit'''}} aut de pharetra corripuit, ut est &quot;corripit hic subita trepidus formidine ferrum&quot;, aut ab Achate, ut eum secutum esse per silentium intellegamus, ut illo loco &quot;ni iam praemissus Achates adforet&quot;, item &quot;nunc repeto, Anchises fatorum arcana reliquit&quot;. aut 'corripuit', ut ceruorum celeritatem praeciperet. {{sc|'''gerebat'''}} aut tunc, aut quae gerere consueverat. 

{{ancora+|190|[[Aeneis/Liber I#190|190.]]}} {{sc|'''cornibvs arboreis'''}}  aut subaudi 'cum', ut illo loco &quot;atque Ixionii uento rota constitit orbis&quot;, id est cum uento; aut certe secundum supra dictam figuram 'cornibus arboreis' pro cornuum arboreorum. melius tamen est ut 'cum' subaudias. {{sc|'''tvm vvlgvs'''}} bene 'uulgus' ductoribus interemptis. Ennius &quot;avium uulgus&quot; et alibi &quot;hastarum&quot;, id est multitudinem hastarum et avium. 


{{ancora+|191|[[Aeneis/Liber I#191|191.]]}} {{sc|'''miscet'''}} perturbat, circumagit, insequitur. {{sc|'''frondea'''}} pro frondosa posuit. plerumque enim dum uarietati declinationis student poetae mutant proprietatem; nam frondeum est totum de frondibus, ut torus, frondosus uero est lucus; licet enim abundet frondibus, non tamen est de frondibus totus: ut saxeus et saxosus. {{sc|'''tvrbam'''}} multitudinem. Cicero in Verrinis &quot;uidet in turba Verrem&quot;, Plautus in Amphitrione &quot;deinde utrique imperatores in medium exeunt extra turbam ordinum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|192|[[Aeneis/Liber I#192|192.]]}} {{sc|'''qvam septem'''}}  bene definit numerum; necessitatis enim est haec venatio, non uoluptatis, in qua plura requiruntur. nec enim conveniebat, sociis diversis modis laborantibus, uoluptati operam dare. {{sc|'''victor'''}} hoc loco propositi effector, ut est &quot;atque rotis insistere uictor&quot;. 

{{ancora+|193|[[Aeneis/Liber I#193|193.]]}} {{sc|'''fvndat hvmi'''}}  per humum. et est aduerbialiter positum, ut &quot;humi nitens&quot;, id est per humum. {{sc|'''cvm navibvs'''}} cacenphaton in sermone, quod fit si 'cum' particulam n littera sequatur. notandum sane est, quod non omnia persequitur, neque enim indicat, quo delati sunt cerui. 

{{ancora+|194|[[Aeneis/Liber I#194|194.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc'''}} pro inde uel post, abutitur enim aduerbiis more suo. {{sc|'''partitvr'''}} sallustius ait &quot;provincias inter se partiverant&quot;, nam et partio et partior dicimus: et est uerbum de his, quae cum utramque recipiant declinationem pro nostra uoluntate, activae tamen sunt significationis, ut punio punior, fabrico fabricor, lavo lavor. quamquam temptaverit Probus facere differentiam inter activam passivamque significationem, ut dicamus tondeo alterum tondeor ab altero; sed hoc in aliis uerbis dicere non possumus, ut fabrico fabricor, pasco pascor; nam legimus &quot;florem depasta salicti&quot; et &quot;pascuntur uero dumos&quot;. sunt autem alia uerba, quae activae significationis declinationisque sunt, ut caedo, sunt quae passivae, ut caedor. invenimus tamen, activam declinationem significationem habere passivam, ut uapulo, et contra declinationem passivam activam habere significationem, ut loquor. haec ergo caute ab illis segreganda sunt uerbis. 

{{ancora+|195|[[Aeneis/Liber I#195|195.]]}} {{sc|'''vina bonvs qvae deinde cadis onerarat acestes'''}}  ordo est 'deinde uina partitur, quae Acestes dedit'. 'bonus' autem hic largus uel liberalis. sane etiam Aeneam bonum pro laude appellat, ut in quinto &quot;quos bonus Aeneas dictis solatur amicis&quot;. bonum etiam pro forti dicit Sallustius &quot;sane bonus ea tempestate contra pericula et ambitionem&quot;. item in Catilina &quot;sed libertatem, quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittit&quot;. de Acestis autem origine fabula in quinto libro est. {{sc|'''deinde'''}} una syllaba metri causa excluditur. 

{{ancora+|196|[[Aeneis/Liber I#196|196.]]}} {{sc|'''trinacrio'''}} Graecum est propter g-tria g-akra, id est promunturia, Lilybaeum, Pachynum, Pelorum. Latine autem Triquetra dicitur. sane Philostephanus peri ton neson sine r littera Trinaciam appellat &quot;g-hoti g-Trinakos g-autehs g-prohtos g-ebasileusen&quot;. {{sc|'''heros'''}} uir fortis, semideus, plus ab homine habens, ut ait Hesiodus. 

{{ancora+|197|[[Aeneis/Liber I#197|197.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis maerentia'''}}  bene ante epulas et hortatur socios et solatur. 

{{ancora+|198|[[Aeneis/Liber I#198|198.]]}} {{sc|'''o socii'''}}  ordo est 'o socii, revocate animos'. bene autem socios dixit, ut se eis exaequaret. quidam socios proprie remiges accipiunt, sed illi socii navales appellantur. {{sc|'''ignari'''}} pro inmemores. et est acyrologia; ignarus enim est qui ignorat, inmemor qui oblitus est. {{sc|'''ante malorvm'''}} g-huphen est, id est antiquorum malorum, ut alibi &quot;caeli subterlabentia signa&quot;. et totus hic locus de Naevio belli Punici libro translatus est. 

{{ancora+|199|[[Aeneis/Liber I#199|199.]]}} {{sc|'''o passi graviora'''}}  arte magna utitur. uult enim eos meminisse gravissimorum, ut praesentia facilius tolerent. et bene graviora dicit esse transacta, ut de praesenti eos naufragio consoletur, et ut ostendat futura esse leviora. {{sc|'''his qvoqve'''}} scilicet sicut et gravioribus. 


{{ancora+|200|[[Aeneis/Liber I#200|200.]]}} {{sc|'''vos'''}} uos certe estis. {{sc|'''scyllaeam rabiem'''}} exempla pro negotiorum qualitate sumere debemus, ut hoc loco in marinis periculis ponit peractae tempestatis exempla. 'rabiem' autem secundum antiquos dictum non nulli adserunt; nam rabiam dici adfirmant. {{sc|'''penitvsqve sonantes'''}} id est ualde, et aut 'ualde sonantes' accessistis, aut 'ualde accessistis', id est iuxta. et bene ait 'accessistis'; non enim passi sunt haec pericula, sed his fuere uicini. 'accestis' autem pro accessistis dictum per syncopen, quae fit, cum de media parte uerbi syllaba subducitur. 

{{ancora+|201|[[Aeneis/Liber I#201|201.]]}} {{sc|'''cyclopea saxa'''}}  aut quae Cyclops in Ulixen iecit, aut certe Siciliam dicit, quae plurimis locis saxosa promunturia habet, in qua Cyclopes habitaverunt, ut ipse &quot;centum alii curva haec habitant ad litora uulgo&quot;. possumus tamen et Aetnam accipere, quae propria Cyclopum fuit: nam et ipse in tertio ait &quot;nocte illa tecti siluis inmania monstra perferimus&quot;. quidam tamen haec saxa inter Catinam et Tauromenium in modum metarum situ naturali dicunt esse, quae Cyclopea appellantur, quorum medium et eminentissimum Galate dicitur. 

{{ancora+|202|[[Aeneis/Liber I#202|202.]]}} {{sc|'''revocate animos'''}}  quos remisistis resumite, hoc est animo praesenti estote. {{sc|'''maestvmqve timorem'''}} quod maestos et sollicitos faciat, ut 'mors pallida' et 'tristis senectus'. 

{{ancora+|203|[[Aeneis/Liber I#203|203.]]}} {{sc|'''mittite'''}} pro omittite. et est tropus aphaeresis, quomodo temnere pro contemnere. {{sc|'''forsan'''}} forsan fortassis forsitan forte fors, ut &quot;fors et uota facit&quot; et &quot;forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras&quot;. sed omnia haec unum significant, sed uarie pro metri ratione ponuntur. dicitur tamen et 'fortasse', ut Terentius &quot;tu fortasse, quae hic facta sunt, nescis&quot;. {{sc|'''olim'''}} modo temporis futuri est. {{sc|'''meminisse'''}} memini et genetivum regit et accusativum; dicimus enim et memini malorum et memini mala: et iusta ratione; nam memoriae oblivio contraria est. et obliviscor similiter et genetivum regit et accusativum, ut &quot;obliviscere caedis atque incendiorum&quot; et &quot;obliviscor iniurias tuas Clodia&quot;. {sic Tullius Cicero.} {{sc|'''ivvabit'''}} futuri temporis est. huius autem uerbi praeteritum perfectum anomalum est. nam cum primae coniugationis uerba tempore perfecto aut in avi exeant, ut amavi, aut in ui solutam, ut tonui, hoc uerbum neque iuvavi facit neque iuvui, sed iuvi, ut Lucanus &quot;iuvit sumpta ducem, iuvit dimissa potestas&quot;. {{sc|'''ivvabit'''}} sicut nunc priorum meminisse iuvat. et multi 'iuvabit' non delectabit, sed usus erit tradunt. 

{{ancora+|204|[[Aeneis/Liber I#204|204.]]}} {{sc|'''per varios casvs'''}}  argumentum a conpensatione. et bene dicendo 'casus' et 'discrimina' praeterita attenuat; neque enim ait 'pericula'. 'rerum' autem potest et saluo sensu omitti. {{sc|'''sedes qvietas'''}} non uacat quod adiecit 'quietas'. habuit enim sedes et in Thracia, sed portentosas, et in Creta, sed pestilentes, et ideo non quietas. 'fata' autem quidam hic deorum responsa accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|206|[[Aeneis/Liber I#206|206.]]}} {{sc|'''illic fas regna resvergere troiae'''}}  figura etiam ante dicta, qua per contrarium aliquid intellegimus. dicendo enim 'illic fas' ostendit alibi nefas, ut occurreret cogitationi sociorum, ne fatigati tot malis quascumque requirerent sedes, quod etiam in quinto factum est navibus incensis. bene autem 'regna Troiae' dixit, non Troiam, quam amiserant. 

{{ancora+|207|[[Aeneis/Liber I#207|207.]]}} {{sc|'''dvrate'''}} duri estote ad sustinendos labores. sic Horatius &quot;uix durare possunt imperiosius aequor&quot;. VOSMET 'met' g-parelkon est. sciendum autem est, has particulas 'met' 'piam' 'te', ut egomet quispiam tute et similia ornatus causa poni. sunt autem aduerbia. quicquid enim ab illis septem recesserit partibus aduerbium sit necesse est. item quemadmodum probamus aduerbia esse, quia dicimus 'docte facio', 'docte feci', 'docte fecisti', et mutato uerbo remanet aduerbium: ergo si sic et in istis particulis invenimus, ut egomet uosmet, ut mutatis casibus uel personis eadem permaneant, aduerbia sine dubio sunt, nulla enim hoc alia pars orationis admittit. notandum sane quod hae particulae plerumque suam naturam habent, non syllabarum. nam cum 'te' et 'met' longae sint, 'tutemet' dactylus invenitur, nec possumus harum partium naturam discutere, quia sub regulis non sunt. 

{{ancora+|208|[[Aeneis/Liber I#208|208.]]}} {{sc|'''voce refert'''}}  pleonasmos est, qui fit quotiens adduntur superflua, ut alibi &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;. Terentius &quot;his oculis egomet uidi&quot;. {{sc|'''cvris'''}} cura dicta ab eo quod cor urat. denique paulo post ait 'premit altum corde dolorem'. AEGER 'aeger' est et tristis et male ualens, aegrotus autem sive aegrotans tantummodo male ualens. 

{{ancora+|209|[[Aeneis/Liber I#209|209.]]}} {{sc|'''spem'''}} laetitiam, ut &quot;spem fronte serenat&quot;: et est crebra apud Vergilium figura, quae fit quotiens significatur ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, nam spem laetitia sequitur: spes uero in uultu non uidetur, sed laetitia. haec autem figura et uersa uice fit, ut intellegamus ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit, ut &quot;meritaeque expectent praemia palmae&quot; palmam pro uirtute posuit, quae praemium meretur et palmam. 


{{ancora+|210|[[Aeneis/Liber I#210|210.]]}} {{sc|'''praedae'''}} ad praedam, ut &quot;inferretque deos Latio&quot;. {{sc|'''accingvnt'''}} studiose parant, ut alibi &quot;accingunt operi&quot;; accinctos enim industrios dicimus, ut Horatius &quot;altius ac nos praecinctis unum&quot;, sicut econtra neclegentes discinctos uocamus, ut &quot;discinctos Mulciber Afros&quot;. {{sc|'''dapibvsqve fvtvris'''}} ambitiose dixit quod sunt cerui dapes futurae. 

{{ancora+|211|[[Aeneis/Liber I#211|211.]]}} {{sc|'''tergora'''}} tergus tergoris, unde et 'tergora', corium significat, tergum uero tergi, ut templum templi, dorsum significat, ut Sallustius &quot;scilicet quia tergis abstinetur&quot;. sed haec a ueteribus confundebantur, ut alibi &quot;taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo&quot;. item in nono &quot;ingerit hastas in tergus&quot;. quidam mox detracta coria pelles dici, subacta autem et iam medicata coria appellanda tradunt. VISCERA NUDANT 'uiscera' non tantum intestina dicimus, sed quicquid sub corio est, ut &quot;in Albano Latinis uisceratio dabatur&quot;, id est caro. est autem nominativus hoc uiscus huius uisceris, ut Lucretius &quot;uiscus gigni sanguenque creari&quot;. sanguen autem ideo dixit, quia sanguinis facit, ut carmen carminis; si enim sanguis diceret, par esset genetivus, ut anguis, pinguis. 

{{ancora+|212|[[Aeneis/Liber I#212|212.]]}} {{sc|'''pars et frvsta secant'''}}  figurate, ut &quot;pars grandia trudunt&quot;. {{sc|'''veribvs'''}} ecce nomen de his quae in numero singulari indeclinabilia sunt, ut ueru cornu genu. {{sc|'''trementia'''}} palpitantia adhuc. 

{{ancora+|213|[[Aeneis/Liber I#213|213.]]}} {{sc|'''litore'''}} pro in litore. {{sc|'''aena locant'''}} quibus utebantur non ad elixandas carnes, sed ad se lavandos. heroicis enim temporibus carne non uescebantur elixa. huic autem nomini maiores adspirationem dabant; nam ahena dicebant. sane aena absolute, sicut Graeci g-chalkea, ut &quot;costis undantis aeni&quot; et &quot;aena undantia flammis&quot;. quidam autem aenum speciem uasis non utique aenei tradunt, ut Nevius &quot;aeneus, plumbeus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|214|[[Aeneis/Liber I#214|214.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm'''}} id est uel postquam se laverunt, uel postquam sibi cibum paraverunt. {{sc|'''victv'''}} cibo, unde et conuictores dicimus, ut Horatius &quot;nunc quia sim tibi Maecenas conuictor&quot;; nam conuivae a conuivio dicuntur. {{sc|'''revocant vires'''}} bene cibo dixit uires reductas, quia supra dixerat 'fessi rerum', hoc est fame et labore fatigati. {{sc|'''fvsi'''}} polysemus sermo est. significat enim et discumbentes, ut hoc loco, et fugatos et occisos. sane iuxta temporis sui morem hoc loco discumbentes inducit, nam olim sedentes uesci consueverant, ut ipse meminit &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|215|[[Aeneis/Liber I#215|215.]]}} {{sc|'''inplentvr'''}} inpleor duos casus regit; dicimus enim et inpleor illius rei, ut Cicero &quot;squaloris plenus ac pulueris&quot; et inpleor illa re, ut Iuvenalis &quot;lectica Mathonis plena ipso&quot;. {{sc|'''ferinae'''}} feras dicimus aut quod omni corpore feruntur, aut quod naturali utuntur libertate et pro desiderio suo feruntur. sane ueteres prope omnes quadrupedes feras dicebant, ut &quot;inque feri curvam conpagibus aluum contorsit&quot; et &quot;armentalis equae mammis et lacte ferino&quot;. 

{{ancora+|216|[[Aeneis/Liber I#216|216.]]}} {{sc|'''postqvam exempta fames'''}}  caute in maestitia cibis famem exemptam dicit, id est fugatam, non affluentiam quaesitam. Homerus &quot;g-autar g-epei g-posios g-kai g-edehtuos g-ex g-eron g-hento&quot;. {{sc|'''mensaeqve remotae'''}} quia apud maiores ipsas apponebant mensas pro discis: unde est &quot;et mensae grata secundae&quot;. duas enim habebant mensas: unam carnis, alteram pomorum. sane aliquando inducit luxuriosas epulas &quot;postquam prima quies epulis mensaeque remotae&quot;. {{sc|'''amissos'''}} non re uera, sed ut illo tempore putabant. 

{{ancora+|218|[[Aeneis/Liber I#218|218.]]}} {{sc|'''spemqve metvmqve inter dvbii'''}}  spes bonorum, metus malorum; et ideo subiunxit 'seu uivere credant, sive extrema pati'. et hoc loco 'seu' pro utrumne. et quidam commodius distingui putant 'spemque metumque inter' et sic subiungunt 'dubii seu uivere credant sive extrema pati'. 

{{ancora+|219|[[Aeneis/Liber I#219|219.]]}} {{sc|'''exavdire vocatos'''}}  aut subaudimus 'deos' et quasi conquestio est, quod non flectantur precibus, aut certe hoc dicit, non solum perisse eos, sed nec sepulturam habere, ad quam uocentur. novimus enim quod mortuorum umbrae ad sepulcra uocabantur, ut est &quot;manesque uocabat Hectoreum ad tumulum&quot;. et est figura ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, quia post facta sepulcra manes uocantur, ut in tertio &quot;animamque sepulcro condimus et magna supremum uoce ciemus&quot;; post nomen enim defuncti uocatum tertio dicebatur uale uale uale. aut ideo non exaudire quia iam illi mortui sint, aut a praetereuntibus uocatos non exaudire, aut certe in ea parte sitos, ut nec uocati exaudiant, quia fuit et alius mos, ut eos qui in aliena terra perissent uocarent, ut est &quot;et magna manes ter uoce uocavi&quot;. 


{{ancora+|220|[[Aeneis/Liber I#220|220.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipve'''}} praeter omnes, quasi pius. {{sc|'''acris'''}} fortis, alias uelocis. quidam acrem in unamquamque rem uegetum ac nimium tradunt. {{sc|'''oronti'''}} pro Orontis, ut &quot;inmitis Achilli&quot;. uitavit homoio- teleuton. 

{{ancora+|221|[[Aeneis/Liber I#221|221.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc amyci'''}}  in quinto Gyae meminit; nam Amycus et Lycus cum Oronte uidentur perisse. {{sc|'''secvm'''}} propter socios, ut supra 'spem uultu simulat'. 

{{ancora+|222|[[Aeneis/Liber I#222|222.]]}} {{sc|'''fortemqve gyan'''}}  ut merito requirantur et desiderentur. 

{{ancora+|223|[[Aeneis/Liber I#223|223.]]}} {{sc|'''finis'''}} uel fabularum uel diei. sequitur namque paulo post 'Aeneas per noctem plurima uoluens'. et sciendum est Vergilium non semper dicere ortum uel occasum diei, sed aut intellectui relinquere, ut hoc loco, aut negotiis tempora significare. est autem poetica callopistia non omnia exprimere: unde ait Horatius in arte poetica &quot;nec uerbum uerbo curabis reddere fidus interpres&quot;; quamuis plerique de translatione Graecitatis hoc adserant dictum. Homerus sane ista contemnens tempora universa describit. {{sc|'''et iam finis erat'''}} uel epularum uel famis uel malorum, ex quo Iuppiter in caelo ita constitit, ut Libyam respiceret. {{sc|'''cvm ivppiter aethere svmmo despiciens'''}} oeconomiam istam secundum mathesin uidetur ordinasse Vergilius; nam Iove in altitudine sua posito cum Venere significatur quod per mulierem aliqua felicitas possit evenire. ergo quoniam Aeneas in partem regni admittetur a Didone per occasionem coniugii, idcirco haec poeta praemisit. sane et illud animaduertendum quod peritissime dixit tristiorem Venerem fuisse cum Iove, ex quo significat exitum uxoris infelicem futurum; nam se utique Dido interemit. quod autem Mercurium facit a Iove defluentem ad occasum descendere, id est ad ima terrarum, ostendit amicitias quidem fore, sed minime diuturno tempore permanere. illud etiam mathematici dicunt, Venere in Virgine posita misericordem feminam nasci: atque ideo Vergilius fingit in habitu uirginis venatricis Venerem occurrisse filio, quod et misericordem postea reginam probavit Aeneas et in venatione cum ea permixtus est. {{sc|'''aethere svmmo'''}} qui summus est; et proprium et perpetuum aetheri epitheton dedit, quia omnibus superior est: non ergo quasi elegerit Iuppiter locum qui superior est. 

{{ancora+|224|[[Aeneis/Liber I#224|224.]]}} {{sc|'''despiciens'''}} deorsum aspiciens, sicut 'suspiciens' sursum aspiciens. notandum sane, quia si dispiciens dixerimus, diligenter inquirens significamus, sicut deduco et diduco; nam deduco est prosequor, diduco uero divido. {{sc|'''velivolvm'''}} duas res significat, et quod uelis uolatur, ut hoc loco, et quod uelis uolat, ut Ennius &quot;naves uelivolas&quot;, qui et proprie dixit. et est ista reciproca translatio navium et avium. legimus enim &quot;et uelorum pandimus alas&quot; et contra de apibus &quot;nare per aestatem liquidam&quot;, cum natatus navium sit, alae uero avium. et sciendum est esse reciprocas translationes, esse et partis unius. {{sc|'''iacentes'''}} aut in longum expositas, aut proprium epitheton est terrarum; nam cum cetera elementa mobilia sint, sola terra stabilis est, unde et bruta dicitur. alibi &quot;tantum campi iacet&quot;. 

{{ancora+|225|[[Aeneis/Liber I#225|225.]]}} {{sc|'''latos popvlos'''}}  cum populos numero plurali dicimus urbes significamus, cum uero populum, unius multitudinem civitatis intellegimus. {{sc|'''sic'''}} id est sic, ut ista conspiceret. 

{{ancora+|226|[[Aeneis/Liber I#226|226.]]}} {{sc|'''et libyae defixit lvmina regnis'''}}  prooeconomia, id est dispositio carminis. uituperabile enim fuerat, si ex abrupto transitum faceret, quod in nono fecit: quae res tamen excusatur uno sermone &quot;atque ea diversa penitus dum parte geruntur&quot;, id est eodem tempore, quod solum est interpositum. nunc uero bene transiit, quia inducit Iovem et de rebus humanis cogitantem et Africam respicientem, ad quam venere Troiani. unde honestus color est, ut Venus adeat Iovem, timens ne Romana fata Carthagini concedat; felix enim eventus sequitur loca quae respexerit Iuppiter: unde in secundo ait &quot;aspice nos hoc tantum&quot; et alibi &quot;atque oculos Rutulorum reicit aruis&quot;, ubi erat futura uictoria. 

{{ancora+|227|[[Aeneis/Liber I#227|227.]]}} {{sc|'''tales'''}} de rebus humanis. {{sc|'''iactantem pectore cvras'''}} nunc secundum Stoicos loquitur, qui deos dicunt humana curare, interdum secundum Epicureos, poetica utens licentia. 

{{ancora+|228|[[Aeneis/Liber I#228|228.]]}} {{sc|'''tristior'''}} conparativum posuit pro positivo. quando enim tristis est Venus, ut nunc 'tristior' diceretur? sic Sallustius &quot;utque ipsum mare Ponticum dulcius quam cetera&quot;. an modo tristior, cum et ante propter Aeneam soleret tristis esse? an tristior pro laetitia Veneris? {{sc|'''ocvlos svffvsa nitentes'''}} nitidos oculos lacrimis perfusos habens. et est figura, quae fit quotiens participio praeteriti temporis a passivo iungimus casum accusativum, ut 'deiectus animum', 'maesta uultum'. dicendo autem 'nitentes' expressit nimiam etiam in lacrimis pulchritudinem, sicut de Euryalo &quot;lacrimaeque decorae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|229|[[Aeneis/Liber I#229|229.]]}} {{sc|'''o qvi res hominvmqve devmqve'''}}  graviter coepit; non enim ait 'o genitor'. et est tota orationis intentio, iniuste uexari a Iunone Troianos. 


{{ancora+|230|[[Aeneis/Liber I#230|230.]]}} {{sc|'''aeternis regis imperiis et fvlmine terres'''}}  haec commemoratio potentiae Iovis quasi ad inuidiam posita est, hoc est, qui omne potes contra te flecteris. {{sc|'''aeternis regis imperiis et fvlmine terres'''}} uolunt quidam superfluo 'regis' ad deos referri, 'terres' ad homines, nescientes quia maioris potestatis est idem posse circa deos, quod circa homines. 'et fulmine terres' non sine causa adiecit 'terres'. est enim fulmen quod terreat; est quod adflet, ut &quot;fulminis adflavit uentis&quot;; est quod puniat, ut &quot;uel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras&quot;: peremptorii autem fulminis late patet significatio: est quod praesaget, ut &quot;de caelo tactas memini praedicere quercus&quot;. poetarum autem consuetudo est prope semper cum Iovem nominaverint et fulmen adiungere, ut &quot;audiat haec genitor qui foedera fulmine sancit&quot; et ante &quot;genitor cum fulmina torques&quot;. 

{{ancora+|231|[[Aeneis/Liber I#231|231.]]}} {{sc|'''mevs'''}} subaudis filius, ut Aiacis Oili, ut ante diximus. {{sc|'''mevs'''}} id est quasi per me tibi coniunctus. {{sc|'''in te'''}} modo 'contra te', alibi 'pro' significat, ut &quot;quietum accipit in Teucros animum&quot;, id est pro Teucris. 

{{ancora+|232|[[Aeneis/Liber I#232|232.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid troes potvere'''}} ? hoc est, qui Grais pares non fuerunt, in te aliquid possunt? et est argumentum ab inpossibili, ut alibi &quot;non ea uis animo&quot;. et est ualidius, quam a uoluntate; plus enim est non posse, quam nolle. {{sc|'''troes'''}} erit nominativus Tros. et haec breviter scienda regula est, quia omnia nomina monosyllaba Graeca, quae in Latinum sermonem transeunt, tertiae sunt tantum declinationis et tam Latine quam Graece declinari possunt, ut Tros Trois et Troos, Pan Panis et Panos, ut &quot;Arcadici dictum Panos de more Lycaei&quot;. 

{{ancora+|233|[[Aeneis/Liber I#233|233.]]}} {{sc|'''ob italiam'''}}  ne ad Italiam perveniant, toto orbe pelluntur. atqui in Africa sunt. sed si diligenter requiras, etiam inde pelluntur; ait namque &quot;hospitio prohibemur harenae&quot;. {{sc|'''ob italiam'''}} multi 'iuxta Italiam' antiquo more dictum accipiunt, ut sit, pars orbis clauditur quae circa Italiam est; 'ob' enim ueteres pro 'iuxta' ponebant. Plautus in milite &quot;nunc scio mihi ob oculos caliginem obstitisse&quot;. potest tamen 'ob' et 'ante' intellegi, aut 'ob' 'propter', Terentius &quot;quodnam ob factum&quot;; aut 'ob' 'circum', ut &quot;Turni se pestis ob ora&quot;, quasi circa Italiam errent et in eam pervenire non possint. significat 'ob' et 'contra', ut obstat et obloquitur. 

{{ancora+|234|[[Aeneis/Liber I#234|234.]]}} {{sc|'''certe hinc romanos'''}}  atqui nusquam hoc legimus, sed per silentium intellegimus, ut superius de Iunone &quot;audierat&quot;. {{sc|'''olim'''}} aut 'olim fore' et futuri temporis est, aut 'olim pollicitus'. {{sc|'''volventibvs'''}} uolubilibus, et est participium pro nomine. uoluens enim est qui uoluit, uolubilis qui uoluitur. anni autem uoluuntur, non uoluunt, ut est &quot;atque in se sua per uestigia uoluitur annus&quot;. alii quia deficit lingua Latina participio praesenti passivo praesens activum positum uolunt, ut &quot;uoluentia plaustra&quot; et &quot;siliqua quassante&quot; quae quassetur. 

{{ancora+|235|[[Aeneis/Liber I#235|235.]]}} {{sc|'''fore'''}} futuros esse. et est de uerbis defectivis. {{sc|'''revocato'''}} dicendo 'revocato' ostendit Italiam, unde Dardanus fuerat. {{sc|'''a sangvine tevcri'''}} teucrum pro Dardano posuit: Dardanus enim de Italia profectus est, Teucer de Creta: quia solent poetae nomina de uicinis provinciis uel personis usurpare, ut &quot;domitus Pollucis habenis Cyllarus&quot;, cum Castor equorum domitor fuerit; item et &quot;manibus Procne pectus signata cruentum&quot; pro Philomela; item Didonem Sidoniam dicit, cum sit Tyria, a loci uicinitate; item &quot;quid loquar aut Scyllam Nisi?&quot; cum Phorci fuerit. et sciendum est, inter fabulam et argumentum, hoc est historiam, hoc interesse, quod fabula est dicta res contra naturam, sive facta sive non facta, ut de Pasiphae, historia est quicquid secundum naturam dicitur, sive factum sive non factum, ut de Phaedra. 

{{ancora+|236|[[Aeneis/Liber I#236|236.]]}} {{sc|'''omni dicione'''}}  melius 'omni' quam 'omnis', ut significet 'omni potestate', id est pace, legibus, bello. 

{{ancora+|237|[[Aeneis/Liber I#237|237.]]}} {{sc|'''pollicitvs'''}} pollicemur sponte, rogati promittimus. QUAE TE GENITOR SENTENTIA VERTIT? 'quae' pro cuius aut qualis. et uerecunde agit Venus; nec enim conveniebat, ut aperte contra uxorem ageret apud maritum: unde et similiter respondet Iuppiter 'neque me sententia uertit'. 

{{ancora+|238|[[Aeneis/Liber I#238|238.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc'''}} hac re. {{sc|'''hoc'''}} propter hoc quod sciret Aeneae socios imperaturos. 

{{ancora+|239|[[Aeneis/Liber I#239|239.]]}} {{sc|'''fatis contraria fata'''}}  utrum fatis bonis in praesentibus? {{sc|'''rependens'''}} conpensans. et est translatio a pecunia. 


{{ancora+|240|[[Aeneis/Liber I#240|240.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc eadem'''}}  similis qualis ab initio fuit, ut ostendat nec longitudinem temporis prodesse Troianis. 

{{ancora+|241|[[Aeneis/Liber I#241|241.]]}} {{sc|'''finem'''}} ac si diceret, non regnum requirimus, sed finem laborum. 

{{ancora+|242|[[Aeneis/Liber I#242|242.]]}} {{sc|'''antenor potvit'''}}  capto Ilio Menelaus memor se et Ulixen beneficio Antenoris servatos, cum repetentes Helenam ab eo essent suscepti ac paene a Paride aliisque iuvenibus interempti essent, parem gratiam reddens inuiolatum dimisit. qui cum uxore Theano et filiis Helicaone et Polydamante ceterisque sociis in Illyricum pervenit, et bello exceptus ab Euganeis et rege Veleso uictor urbem Patavium condidit; id enim responsi acceperat eo loco condere civitatem quo sagittis avem petisset; ideo ex avis petitae auspicio Patavium nominatum, cui aeternitatem - - Helicaon ne uictor rediret gladio peremit. {{sc|'''antenor potvit'''}} non sine causa Antenoris posuit exemplum, cum multi evaserint Troianorum periculum, ut Capys qui Campaniam tenuit, ut Helenus qui Macedoniam, ut alii qui Sardiniam secundum Sallustium; sed propter hoc, ne forte illud occurreret, iure hunc uexari tamquam proditorem patriae. elegit ergo similem personam; hi enim duo Troiam prodidisse dicuntur secundum Livium, quod et Vergilius per transitum tangit, ubi ait &quot;se quoque principibus permixtum agnovit Achivis&quot;, et excusat Horatius dicens &quot;ardentem sine fraude Troiam&quot;, hoc est sine proditione: quae quidem excusatio non uacat; nemo enim excusat nisi rem plenam suspicionis. Sisenna tamen dicit solum Antenorem prodidisse. quem si uelimus sequi augemus exemplum: si regnat proditor, cur pius uagatur? ob hoc autem creditur Graecis Antenor patriam prodidisse, quia sicut superius dictum est, et auctor reddendae Helenae fuit et legatos qui propter Helenam venerant suscepit hospitio, et Ulixen in mendici habitu agnitum non prodidit. {{sc|'''potvit'''}} plus est quod dixit 'potuit' non meruit. {{sc|'''elapsvs'''}} inuidiose noluit dicere 'dimissus', sed 'elapsus'. {{sc|'''achivis'''}} ab Achaeo, Iovis et Pithiae filio, dicti. 

{{ancora+|243|[[Aeneis/Liber I#243|243.]]}} {{sc|'''illyricos penetrare sinvs'''}}  Antenor non Illyricum, non Liburniam, sed Venetiam tenuit. ideo autem Vergilius dicit 'Illyricos sinus', quod inde venit quidam Henetus rex, qui Venetiam tenuit, a cuius nomine Henetiam dictam posteri Venetiam nominaverunt. {{sc|'''tvtvs'''}} ideo tutus, quia Raeti Vindelici ipsi sunt Liburni, saevissimi admodum populi, contra quos missus est Drusus. hi autem ab Amazonibus originem ducunt, ut etiam Horatius dicit &quot;quibus mos unde deductus per omne tempus Amazonia securi dextras obarmet, quaerere distuli&quot;. hoc ergo nunc ad augmentum pertinet, quod tutus est etiam inter saevos populos. 

{{ancora+|244|[[Aeneis/Liber I#244|244.]]}} {{sc|'''fontem timavi'''}}  amant poetae rem unius sermonis circumlocutionibus dicere, ut pro Troia dicant 'urbem Troianam', pro Buthrotio 'arcem Buthroti'. sic et modo pro Timavo ait 'fontem Timavi', et paulo post 'urbem Patavi', id est Patavium. {{sc|'''svperare'''}} nauticus sermo est. Lucilius &quot;promontorium remis superamus Minervae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|245|[[Aeneis/Liber I#245|245.]]}} {{sc|'''vnde per ora novem'''}}  multi septem esse dicunt. quod si incerta fides est, finitus est numerus pro infinito. {{sc|'''cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} tanta ui exit in mare, ut etiam resonet uicinus mons. et sic dictum est, sicut superius &quot;illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis circum claustra fremunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|246|[[Aeneis/Liber I#246|246.]]}} {{sc|'''mare'''}} it quasi proruptum mare. {{sc|'''mare'''}} amat poeta rem historiae carmini suo coniungere. Varro enim dicit hunc fluvium ab incolis mare nominari. {{sc|'''prorvptvm'''}} id est effusum fluens. et melius 'proruptum', quam 'praeruptum' legere. bene autem definit, quid est largus fons? solutum mare. {{sc|'''pelago'''}} aquarum abundantia. {{sc|'''premit'''}} populatur, uastat. sane multi 'it mare proruptum' et 'pelago premit arva sonanti' hoc intellegi uolunt, quod tanta est in illis locis accessa quae dicitur maris, ut per ora Timavi, id est usque ad initium fontis mare ascendat. unde ait 'it mare proruptum et pelago p- a-', id est ⟨ut⟩ aqua maris premat arva, hoc est litora uicina cooperiat. constat autem et in illo loco accessam maris usque ad montem pervenire et per omne litus Venetiarum mare certis horis et accedere per infinitum et recedere. Timavus autem in Histria est inter Aquileiam et Tergestum. 

{{ancora+|247|[[Aeneis/Liber I#247|247.]]}} {{sc|'''hic tamen'''}}  hoc est etiam in loco difficili. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro illic. {{sc|'''vrbem patavi'''}} hoc est Patavium. Patavium autem dictum uel a Padi uicinitate, quasi Padavium, uel g-apo g-tou g-petasthai, quod captato augurio dicitur condita, uel quod avem telo petisse dicitur et eo loco condidisse civitatem. alii a palude Patina, quae uicina civitati fuisse dicitur, Patavium dictam putant. sane 'Patavi' minorem nominativo genetivum fecit, cum genetivus numquam pauciores syllabas nominativo suo habere debeat; Patavium enim Patavii facit. {{sc|'''sedesqve locavit'''}} ex uotis suis facit inuidiam, dicens id concessum Antenori, quod ipsa desiderat. 

{{ancora+|248|[[Aeneis/Liber I#248|248.]]}} {{sc|'''et genti nomen dedit'''}}  hoc est, quod ne uictori quidem concedetur Aeneae: quod scimus a Iunone esse perfectum, contra quam oblique loquitur propter considerationem mariti. hi autem primis temporibus ab Antenore dicti sunt Antenoridae. ipsum uero quidam dicunt haec ora se appellasse. aut certe 'nomen' nobilitatem uel dignitatem, ut &quot;et nos aliquod nomenque decusque gessimus&quot;. {{sc|'''armaqve fixit troia'''}} hoc est, securus est, quia solent missi militia sive gladiatura quibuslibet templis arma suspendere, ut Horatius &quot;Veianius armis Herculis ad postem fixis&quot; et &quot;Danais de poste refixum&quot;. {{sc|'''armaqve fixit'''}} quasi non necessaria consecravit; figere enim consecrare hic debemus accipere, ut &quot;postibus aduersis figo&quot;. 

{{ancora+|249|[[Aeneis/Liber I#249|249.]]}} {{sc|'''compostvs'''}} pro compositus. syncope est; detraxit enim de medio syllabam, ut &quot;et pocula porgite dextris&quot; 


{{ancora+|250|[[Aeneis/Liber I#250|250.]]}} {{sc|'''nos tva progenies'''}}  sic loquitur quasi una sit de Troianis; nam aliter sensus non procedit. quod autem dixit 'tua progenies', epexegesis est, ut &quot;ast ego quae divum incedo regina&quot;. {{sc|'''nos tva progenies'''}} quasi patiatur et ipsa quod et filius. et bene 'tua progenies' propter Antenorem. {{sc|'''adnvis'''}} quia nutu semper promittit aliquid Iuppiter, ut &quot;annuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum&quot;. {{sc|'''annvis'''}} licet ipsa dea sit, tamen sub persona Aeneae se posuit. 

{{ancora+|251|[[Aeneis/Liber I#251|251.]]}} {{sc|'''navibvs amissis'''}}  cur, cum una navis perierit, ait 'navibus'? aut inuidiose dixit et exaggerat, aut quia adhuc aliae desunt, aut quia eas non perisse ignorat Aeneas. {{sc|'''infandvm'''}} pro infande posuit, ut in VI- &quot;miserum septena quotannis&quot;. item &quot;toruumque repente clamat&quot; pro torue. et est figura, quae fit quotiens nomen pro aduerbio ponitur; magis autem poetica est, in prosa aut rara aut numquam. tamen hoc loco 'infandum' potest esse etiam interiectio dolentis. {{sc|'''vnivs'''}} hic produxit paenultimam. {{sc|'''vnivs'''}} cautius, quam si dixisset Iunonis. 

{{ancora+|252|[[Aeneis/Liber I#252|252.]]}} {{sc|'''prodimvr'''}} multa quidem hic sermo significat, sed modo porro damur, scilicet ab Italia. et sciendum est omnium auctorum esse consuetudinem res dubie positas in sequentibus explanare et plenius dicere, ut hoc loco; nam quid est 'prodimur', ostendit dicens 'atque Italis longe disiungimur oris'. {{sc|'''longe'''}} maxime; non enim longe erant ab Italia, cum tempestate disiecti sunt. 

{{ancora+|253|[[Aeneis/Liber I#253|253.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} id est talis, ut &quot;hunc ego te Euryale aspicio&quot;, id est talem. {{sc|'''pietatis'''}} superius 'in te committere' ait, ut peccato Aeneam et Troianos excuset; hic plus addit: non solum eos non esse malos, sed etiam pios esse. {{sc|'''honos'''}} cum secundum artem dicamus honor arbor lepor, plerumque poetae r in s mutant causa metri; os enim longa est, or brevis. hoc quidem habet ratio: sed ecce in hoc loco etiam sine metri necessitate 'honos' dixit. item Sallustius paene ubique 'labos' posuit, quem nulla necessitas coegit. melius tamen est seruire regulae. SIC NOS IN SCEPTRA REPONIS 'sic', hoc est per naufragia. 'in sceptra' aut ad imperia reservas, aut certe antiqua est licentia communium praepositionum. {{sc|'''in sceptra reponis'''}} id est restituis in regna quae amisimus. 

{{ancora+|254|[[Aeneis/Liber I#254|254.]]}} {{sc|'''olli'''}} modo 'tunc' propter sequentia. pronomen enim non debet poni cum nomine, sed pro ipso nomine, et nullus dicit 'illi natae'. alias tamen 'olli' illi significat, ut &quot;olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget somnus&quot;. {{sc|'''svbridens'''}} laetum ostendit Iovem et talem qualis esse solet cum facit serenum; poetarum enim est elementorum habitum dare numinibus, ut supra de Neptuno dictum est. Ennius &quot;Iuppiter hic risit tempestatesque serenae riserunt omnes risu Iovis omnipotentis&quot;. aut certe risit intellegens Iunonis dolos oblique accusari a Venere, ut est 'quae te, genitor, sententia uertit' et 'unius ob iram prodimur', sicut alibi &quot;atque dolis risit Cytherea repertis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|255|[[Aeneis/Liber I#255|255.]]}} {{sc|'''vvltv qvo caelvm'''}}  ostendit sicut dictum est, cur subriserit Iuppiter. {{sc|'''serenat'''}} hoc uerbum de his est, quae carent prima positione: quod fit in his quae in nostra non sunt potestate, ut tono, fulmino, pluo. haec enim non possumus dicere, nisi forte persona inducatur eius qui potest, ut si tale aliquid Iuppiter dicat. 

{{ancora+|256|[[Aeneis/Liber I#256|256.]]}} {{sc|'''oscvla libavit'''}}  leviter tetigit. et sciendum osculum religionis esse, savium uoluptatis, quamuis quidam osculum filiis dari, uxori basium, scorto savium dicant. sane multi nolunt ita intellegi, ut summum osculum filiae dederit, id est non pressum, sed summa labella contingens, sed ita aiunt: tum hilarus Iuppiter uultus natae libavit, id est contigit, scilicet ut nos solemus cum blandimentis quibusdam sinistram maxillam contingere liberorum ac deinde ad os nostrum dextram referre. ergo 'libavit' merito, quia partem uultus, non totos contigerat, ut 'oscula' dixerit quasi minora et teneriora filiae ora, ut ora diminutive oscula; nam ora uultus dici, ut &quot;intentique ora tenebant&quot; et &quot;sic ora ferebat&quot;. ipse diminutive oscula dixit minores et teneros uultus &quot;summaque per galeam delibans oscula fatur&quot;. 

{{ancora+|257|[[Aeneis/Liber I#257|257.]]}} {{sc|'''parce metv'''}}  quotiens in causis arguimur, ante nos purgare debemus et sic ad actionem descendere: quod et hoc loco Iuppiter facit; ante enim obiecta purgat et sic venit ad promissionem. et est 'parce metu' elocutio usualis, id est dimitte metum, quomodo dicimus parce uerbis, parce iniuriis. alii 'metu' pro metui accipiunt, ablativum pro dativo; aut certe ideo metum aufert, ut animo securiore possit audire, ut alibi &quot;soluite corde metum, Teucri&quot;. {{sc|'''cytherea'''}} omnia quae apud Graecos ei diphthongon habent apud Latinos in e productum conuertuntur, ut g-Kuthereia Cytherea, g-Aineias Aeneas, g-Mehdeia Medea. omnia autem quae dicit Iuppiter ad solutionem pertinent antedictorum. nunc dicit 'parce metu', quia superius dixerat 'tristior'; 'manent inmota', quia dixerat 'quae te genitor sententia uertit?' et simul per transitum dogma Stoicorum ostendit, nulla ratione posse fata mutari. sane servat et hic ordinem sicut in Aeoli oratione, ut statim promittat quod praestaturus est, ne auditor sit exspectatione suspensus. {{sc|'''tvorvm'''}} uel Troianorum uel Romanorum. 

{{ancora+|258|[[Aeneis/Liber I#258|258.]]}} {{sc|'''fata tibi'''}}  non propter te; fati enim immobilis ratio est. sed aut uacat 'tibi', ut &quot;qui mihi accubantes in conuiviis&quot;, aut certe tuta tibi sunt fata, non tamen propter te. {{sc|'''cernes vrbem'''}} aut Romam significat, quia cum proprietatem detrahimus, quod magnum est significamus, ut si dicas 'legi oratorem' nec addas quem, intellego Ciceronem; et ne longa sit exspectatio, adiecit 'et promissa Lavini moenia': aut certe detrahe 'et', sicut multi, et epexegesin facis 'cernes urbem', id est 'promissa Lavini moenia'. uidetur autem figurate dictum 'urbem' et 'moenia', quia diversis idem significavit. 

{{ancora+|259|[[Aeneis/Liber I#259|259.]]}} {{sc|'''svblimemqve feres ad sidera caeli'''}}  propter illud 'caeli quibus adnuis arcem'. Aeneas enim secundum quosdam in Numicum cecidit fluvium, secundum ovidium in caelum raptus est, appellatus tamen est Iuppiter indiges. Aeneas enim post errores VII. annorum cum ad Italiam pervenisset et, sicut historia habet, cognito quod Veneris filius, Troia profugus fatis iuvantibus ad Italiam venisset, ab Latino susceptus esset, filiam eius Lavinam duxit uxorem: quo dolore Turnus rex Rutulorum, qui ante Laviniam sperabat uxorem, et Latino et Aeneae bellum indixit. sed primo proelio Latinus est interemptus, secundo uero Aeneas Turnum occidit. ipse uero ut quidam dicunt cum Mezentium, ut quidam uero Messapum fugeret, in Numicum fluvium cecidit, ut uero ovidius refert in caelum raptus est, cuius corpus cum uictis a se Rutulis et Mezentio Ascanius requisitum non invenisset, in deorum numerum credidit relatum. itaque ei templum condidit et Iovem Indigetem appellavit. bene autem addidit 'feres', ut gratius esset quod per ipsam fieret. 


{{ancora+|260|[[Aeneis/Liber I#260|260.]]}} {{sc|'''magnanimvm'''}} magnus et paruus quoniam mensurae sunt, ad animum non nisi g-katachrehstikohs adhibentur. et bene hoc addidit, quasi dicat, quem tu miserum dicis, nos magnanimum, summum. NEQUE ME S- V- ad illud 'quae te, genitor, sententia uertit'. 

{{ancora+|261|[[Aeneis/Liber I#261|261.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} id est Aeneas. et est ordo 'hic bellum ingens geret Italia'. alii 'hic' pro 'post haec quae dixi' accipiunt, ut sit loci aduerbium pro temporis. {{sc|'''tibi fabor enim'''}} hoc loco excusat quaestionem futuram, quasi Veneri dolenti quae uera sunt dicat, sed aliter loquatur cunctis praesentibus dis: dicet enim in decimo &quot;abnueram bello Italiam concurrere Teucris&quot;. {{sc|'''qvando'''}} siquidem, quoniam. {{sc|'''remordet'''}} sollicitat. Terentius &quot;par pari referto, quod eam remordeat&quot;. 

{{ancora+|262|[[Aeneis/Liber I#262|262.]]}} {{sc|'''arcana'''}} secreta. unde et arca et arx dictae, quasi res secretae. 

{{ancora+|263|[[Aeneis/Liber I#263|263.]]}} {{sc|'''italia'''}} in Italia, et detraxit praepositionem more suo. sic et illo loco &quot;non Libyae, non ante Tyro; despectus Hiarbas&quot; id est in Tyro. nam si aduerbialiter uellet, Tyri diceret. {{sc|'''popvlosqve feroces contvndet'''}} incongruum fuerat in consolatione bella praedicere: ob hoc ergo etiam uictoriam pollicetur. 

{{ancora+|264|[[Aeneis/Liber I#264|264.]]}} {{sc|'''moresqve viris et moenia ponet'''}}  hysteroproteron in sensu; ante enim civitas, post iura conduntur. leges autem etiam mores dici non dubium est. 

{{ancora+|265|[[Aeneis/Liber I#265|265.]]}} {{sc|'''tertia dvm latio regnantem viderit aestas'''}}  rhetorice, ne breve esset si triennium diceret, tempora divisit in species. ordo autem est longissimus, nam aliter non procedit, 'sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli magnanimum Aeneam, tertia dum Latio regnantem uiderit aestas'. ergo uidetur sic tacite mortem Aeneae significasse. 'dum' autem pro donec, ut &quot;dum conderet urbem&quot;, id est donec. quidam ideo bis annos ternos memorasse tradunt, ut tres annos solum Aeneam regnaturum significaret, quod cum Latino alios tres annos regnasse dicitur. 

{{ancora+|267|[[Aeneis/Liber I#267|267.]]}} {{sc|'''at pver ascanivs'''}}  prudenter exitum Aeneae et ostendit et tacuit dicendo filium postea regnaturum. aut quia maior cura Veneri de nepote ut in X- &quot;liceat superesse nepotem&quot; et iterum ibi &quot;hunc tegere&quot;. {{sc|'''cvi nvnc cognomen ivlo additvr'''}} secundum Catonem historiae hoc habet fides: Aeneam cum patre ad Italiam venisse et propter inuasos agros contra Latinum Turnumque pugnasse, in quo proelio periit Latinus. Turnum postea ad Mezentium confugisse eiusque fretum auxilio bella renovasse, quibus Aeneas Turnusque pariter rapti sunt. migrasse postea in Ascanium et Mezentium bella, sed eos singulari certamine dimicasse. et occiso Mezentio Ascanium sicut I. Caesar scribit Iulum coeptum uocari, uel quasi iobolon, id est sagittandi peritum, uel a prima barbae lanugine quam g-ioulon Graeci dicunt, quae ei tempore uictoriae nascebatur. sciendum est autem hunc primo Ascanium dictum a Phrygiae flumine Ascanio, ut est &quot;transque sonantem Ascanium&quot;; deinde Ilum dictum a rege Ilo, unde et Ilium, postea Iulum occiso Mezentio: de quibus nominibus hoc loco dicit 'at puer Ascanius cui nunc cognomen Iulo additur, Ilus erat'. ab hac autem historia ita discedit Vergilius, ut aliquibus locis ostendat, non se per ignorantiam, sed per artem poeticam hoc fecisse, ut illo loco &quot;quo magis Italia mecum laetere reperta&quot;: ecce g-amphibolikohs dixit, ostendit tamen Anchisen ad Italiam pervenisse. sic autem omnia contra hanc historiam ficta sunt, ut illud ubi dicitur Aeneas uidisse Carthaginem, cum eam constet ante {{sc|'''lxx'''}} annos urbis Romae conditam. inter excidium uero Troiae et ortum urbis Romae anni inveniuntur CCCXL. {{sc|'''cognomen ivlo'''}} si proprie loqueretur, agnomen diceret, non cognomen, sed magis ad familiam respexit, quia omnis gens Iulia inde originem ducit. dicimus autem et nomen mihi est Cicero, ut &quot;Hecyra est huic nomen fabulae&quot;, et Ciceronis, ut Sallustius &quot;cui nomen oblivionis condiderant&quot;, et Ciceroni, ut &quot;cui Remulo cognomen erat&quot;, et Ciceronem, ut &quot;Aeneadasque meo nomen de nomine fingo&quot;. melius tamen est dativo uti. 

{{ancora+|268|[[Aeneis/Liber I#268|268.]]}} {{sc|'''ilvs erat'''}}  deest 'qui', debuit autem dicere 'qui Ilus erat'. {{sc|'''ilia'''}} pro Iliensis, ut Plautus &quot;Hector Ilius&quot; pro Iliensis. et &quot;Amphitryo, natus Argis ex Argo patre&quot; id est Argivo. 

{{ancora+|269|[[Aeneis/Liber I#269|269.]]}} {{sc|'''triginta'''}} uel quod XXX- tantum annos regnavit, uel quod Cato ait, &quot;XXX- annis expletis eum Albam condidisse&quot;. {{sc|'''magnos orbes'''}} tria sunt genera annorum: aut enim lunaris annus est XXX- dierum, aut solstitialis XII- mensum, aut secundum Tullium magnus, qui tenet XIIDCCCCLIIII. annos, ut in Hortensio &quot;horum annorum quos in fastis habemus magnus XIIDCCCCLIIII- amplectitur&quot;. hoc ergo loco magnum dixit comparatione lunaris, et alibi &quot;interea magnum sol circumuoluitur annum&quot;. annus autem dictus quasi anus, id est anulus, quod in se redeat, ut est &quot;atque in se sua per uestigia uoluitur annus&quot;, uel g-apo g-tou g-ananeousthai, id est ab innovatione. {{sc|'''volvendis'''}} uolubilibus uel quia uoluuntur, ut supra. 


{{ancora+|270|[[Aeneis/Liber I#270|270.]]}} {{sc|'''a sede lavini transferet'''}}  uerum est: uitans enim novercalem inuidiam, quod timore Ascanii Lavinia post Aeneae mortem ad Tyrrhum paternum pastorem gravida confugit ad siluas, nam ibi etiam Siluium peperisse dicitur, deseruit Lavinium et Albam Longam condidit dictam ab omine albae porcae repertae uel situ civitatis. ad quam cum de Lavinio dii Penates translati nocte proxima Lavinium redissent, atque eos denuo Albam Ascanius transtulisset, et illi iterum redissent Lavinium, eos manere passus est, datis qui sacris praeessent agroque eis adsignato, quo se alerent. {{sc|'''vi'''}} modo uirtute, nam multa significat. {{sc|'''vi'''}} modo uirtute tei dunamei, alibi tei biai, ut est &quot;auro ui potitur&quot;, alias pro magna copia. Cicero in deorum natura &quot;infinitamque uim marmoris&quot;, Sallustius &quot;magna uis hominum convenerat agris pulsa aut civitate eiecta&quot;. et est sermo diversa significans, prout se locus obtulerit. 

{{ancora+|272|[[Aeneis/Liber I#272|272.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc iam'''}}  praeterea. si autem 'hic iam', in hoc scilicet loco. {{sc|'''ter centvm'''}} quomodo trecentos annos dicit, cum eam quadringentis regnasse constet sub Albanis regibus? sed cum praescriptione ait 'tercentum', scilicet usque ad ortum urbis Romae; ait namque 'donec regina sacerdos Marte gravis'. et constat in regno Romuli et Numae et Tulli Hostilii qui evertit Albam centum annos, quibus pariter Roma et Alba regnarunt, esse consumptos. {{sc|'''totos'''}} id est sine intermissione. {{sc|'''regnabitvr'''}} impersonalibus usus est, quia de multis dicit, ut &quot;usque adeo turbatur agris&quot;. 

{{ancora+|273|[[Aeneis/Liber I#273|273.]]}} {{sc|'''gente svb hectorea'''}}  id est Troiana. sed debuit dicere 'Aeneia'. diximus superius nomina poetas ex uicino usurpare. sed quidam reprehendunt, quod 'Hectorea' et non 'Aeneia'. mos est poetis nomina ex uicinis usurpare, quia coniunctus genere Hectori Ascanius, ut est &quot;et pater Aeneas, et avunculus excitat Hector&quot;. alii tradunt, cum Hectoris progenies nulla in Italia fuerit, ideo 'sub Hectorea' positum, ut significaret sub forti, ut in quinto &quot;Hectorei socii&quot;. sed ex aliis rebus alia dat nomina, ut pios Aeneadas appellavit, ut timidos Phrygas, ut nobiles Dardanidas, ut periuros Laomedontiadas. ceterum ubi ueram originem significat &quot;domus Assaraci&quot; ponit, ex quo Capys, ex Capy Anchises, ex Anchise Aeneas. {{sc|'''donec regina sacerdos'''}} historia hoc habet. Amulius et Numitor fratres fuerunt. Amulius fratrem imperio pepulit et filium eius necavit, filiam uero Iliam Vestae sacerdotem fecit, ut spem subolis auferret, a qua se puniri posse cognoverat. hanc ut multi dicunt Mars compressit, unde nati sunt Remus et Romus, quos cum matre Amulius praecipitari iussit in Tiberim. tum ut quidam dicunt Iliam sibi Anien fecit uxorem, ut alii inter quos Horatius, Tiberis: unde ait &quot;uxorius amnis&quot;. pueri uero expositi ad uicinam ripam sunt. hos Faustus repperit pastor, cuius uxor erat nuper meretrix Acca Larentia, quae susceptos aluit pueros. hi postea avum suum Numitorem occiso Amulio in regna revocarunt. quibus dum cum eo angustum Albae uideretur imperium, recesserunt et captatis auguriis urbem condiderunt. sed Remus prior sex uultures uidit, Romus postea duodecim: quae res bellum creavit. in quo extinctus est Remus, et a Romi nomine Romani appellati. ut autem pro Romo Romulus diceretur, blandimenti genere factum est, quod gaudet diminutione. quod autem a lupa dicuntur alti, fabulosum figmentum est ad celandam auctorum Romani generis turpitudinem. nec incongrue fictum est; nam et meretrices lupas uocamus, unde et lupanaria. et constat hoc animal in tutela esse Martis. sed de origine et conditore urbis diversa a diversis traduntur. Clinias refert Telemachi filiam Romen nomine Aeneae nuptam fuisse, ex cuius uocabulo Romam appellatam. - - dicit Latinum ex Vlixe et Circe editum de nomine sororis suae mortuae Romen civitatem appellasse. Ateius adserit Romam ante aduentum evandri diu Valentiam uocitatam, sed post graeco nomine g-Romen uocitatam. alii a filia evandri ita dictam, alii a fatidica, quae praedixisset evandro his eum locis oportere considere. Heraclides ait Romen, nobilem captivam Troianam huc appulisse et taedio maris suasisse sedem, ex cuius nomine urbem uocatam. Eratosthenes Ascanii, Aeneae filii, Romulum parentem urbis refert. Naevius et Ennius Aeneae ex filia nepotem Romulum conditorem urbis tradunt. Sibylla ita dicit g-Rhomaioi, g-Rhomou g-paides. {{sc|'''regina'''}} regis filia. abusive ait more poetico, ut alibi &quot;magnum reginae sed enim miseratus amorem&quot;, id est regis filiae Pasiphaes. {{sc|'''sacerdos'''}} quia ab Amulio Vestae uirgo esse iussa est, ne ei propter edendam subolem facultas esset uiro iungi. 

{{ancora+|274|[[Aeneis/Liber I#274|274.]]}} {{sc|'''marte gravis'''}}  gravida, ut &quot;non insueta gravis temptabunt pabula fetas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|275|[[Aeneis/Liber I#275|275.]]}} {{sc|'''inde'''}} post, uel deinde, uel tunc, aduerbium loci pro temporis. {{sc|'''fvlvo tegmine'''}} id est pelle lupae, qua utebatur more pastorum. sed hoc multi reprehendunt, cur nutricis tegmine usus sit. qui gemina ratione refutantur: uel falsitate fabulae, uel exemplo Iovis, qui caprae nutricis utitur pelle, unde Graece g-aigiochos appellatur. sane 'tegmine' multi antique dictum asserunt, quia tegimentum dici debere affirmant. {{sc|'''laetvs'''}} uirtute alacer, uel quia avo regnum reddiderat, uel quia ipse novam urbem et novum condebat imperium. 

{{ancora+|276|[[Aeneis/Liber I#276|276.]]}} {{sc|'''excipiet gentem'''}}  Remo scilicet interempto, post cuius mortem natam constat pestilentiam: unde consulta oracula dixerunt placandos esse manes fratris extincti; ob quam rem sella curulis cum sceptro et corona et ceteris regni insignibus semper iuxta sancientem aliquid Romulum ponebatur, ut pariter imperare uiderentur. unde est &quot;Remo cum fratre Quirinus iura dabunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|277|[[Aeneis/Liber I#277|277.]]}} {{sc|'''romanosqve svo de nomine dicet'''}}  perite non ait Romam, sed Romanos. urbis enim illius uerum nomen nemo uel in sacris enuntiat. denique tribunus plebei quidam Valerius Soranus, ut ait Varro et multi alii, hoc nomen ausus enuntiare, ut quidam dicunt raptus a senatu et in crucem levatus est, ut alii, metu supplicii fugit et in Sicilia comprehensus a praetore praecepto senatus occisus est. hoc autem urbis nomen ne Hyginus quidem cum de situ urbis loqueretur expressit. 

{{ancora+|278|[[Aeneis/Liber I#278|278.]]}} {{sc|'''nec metas rervm nec tempora pono'''}}  'metas' ad terras rettulit, 'tempora' ad annos; Lavinio enim et Albae finem statuit, Romanis tribuit aeternitatem, quia subiunxit 'imperium sine fine dedi'. 

{{ancora+|279|[[Aeneis/Liber I#279|279.]]}} {{sc|'''qvin'''}} quinetiam; minus enim est 'etiam'. nam plenum est quinetiam, ut &quot;quinetiam hiberno moliris sidere classem&quot;. {{sc|'''aspera ivno'''}} tolerabilius hoc Iuppiter dicit. {{sc|'''aspera ivno'''}} uel quam tu asperam dicis, uel certe ut et ego fateor. 


{{ancora+|280|[[Aeneis/Liber I#280|280.]]}} {{sc|'''metv'''}} ut supra &quot;id metuens&quot;. {{sc|'''terras caelvmqve fatigat'''}} alibi &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires caelique marisque&quot;. QUAE MARE N- T- Q- M- C- Q- F- metu scilicet quem de Carthagine habet, ut supra &quot;id metuens&quot;, uel metu quo Troianos terret et Venerem. nam dicit 'parce metu Cytherea'. 'mare' autem 't- c- q- f-' alibi ostendit dicendo &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires caelique marisque&quot;. 'fatigat' uero pro exercet, sollicitat, commovet. 

{{ancora+|281|[[Aeneis/Liber I#281|281.]]}} {{sc|'''consilia in melivs referet'''}}  quia bello Punico secundo ut ait Ennius placata Iuno coepit favere Romanis. {{sc|'''in melivs'''}} eis to kreitton. et est Latinior elocutio: Sallustius &quot;ad mutandum modo in melius seruitium&quot;. {{sc|'''mecvmqve fovebit'''}} id est eadem quae ego sentiens, eadem quae ego uolens, uel ut quidam uolunt mecum in Capitolio constituta. 

{{ancora+|282|[[Aeneis/Liber I#282|282.]]}} {{sc|'''gentemqve togatam'''}}  bene 'gentem', quia et sexus omnis et condicio toga utebatur, sed serui nec colobia nec calceos habebant. togas autem etiam feminas habuisse, cycladum et recini usus ostendit. recinus autem dicitur ab eo, quod post tergum reicitur, quod uulgo maforte dicunt. 

{{ancora+|283|[[Aeneis/Liber I#283|283.]]}} {{sc|'''sic placitvm'''}}  uel fatis uel mihi; nam inpersonale est. {{sc|'''lvstris'''}} quinquenniis. et bene olympiadibus computat tempora, quod magis ad Iovem pertinet, quia nondum erant uel Roma uel consules. lustrum autem dictum, quod post quinquennium unaquaeque civitas lustrabatur. unde Romae ambilustrum, quod non licebat nisi ambos censores post quinquennium lustrare civitatem. {{sc|'''aetas'''}} iuxta ueteres aetas hic pro tempore posita est, alibi pro modo annorum, ut est &quot;ubi iam firmata uirum te fecerit aetas&quot; et &quot;aetas Lucinam iustosque pati hymenaeos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|284|[[Aeneis/Liber I#284|284.]]}} {{sc|'''domvs assaraci'''}}  id est familia Troiana, et est a parte totum; nam Assaracus Capyn genuit, Capys Anchisen, unde Aeneas, auctor Romani generis: ex quibus Mummius, qui Achaiam uicit. {{sc|'''pthiam'''}} achillis patriam. {{sc|'''mycenas'''}} agamemnonis patriam, ut &quot;Agamemnoniasque Mycenas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|286|[[Aeneis/Liber I#286|286.]]}} {{sc|'''nascetvr'''}} ad illud respondet 'certe hinc Romanos olim' et omnis poetae intentio, ut in qualitate carminis diximus, ad laudem tendit Augusti, sicut et in sexti catalogo et in clipei descriptione. haec autem Iovis allocutio partim obiecta purgat partim aliquid pollicetur. {{sc|'''pvlchra'''}} allusit propter Venerem. {{sc|'''troianvs'''}} ac si diceret, etiam Caesar Troianus est. {{sc|'''caesar'''}} hic est, qui dictus est Gaius Iulius Caesar. Gaius praenomen est, Iulius ab Iulo, Caesar uel quod caeso matris uentre natus est, uel quod avus eius in Africa manu propria occidit elephantem, qui caesa dicitur lingua Poenorum. hic sane Gaius Iulius Caesar quattuor et sexaginta uictis Galliarum civitatibus cum a senatu petisset consulatum et triumphum nec impetrasset aduersante Cn. Pompeio magno eiusque amicis, qui Caesaris processibus inuidebant, bellum civile gessit in Farsalia, quo Pompeius uictus Alexandriae occiditur. Caesar Romam compositis rebus et Alexandria debellata reversus in curia Pompeiana a Cassio et Bruto aliisque Pompeianis occisus est. cuius heres Augustus cum intrasset urbem coegit a senatu interfectores Caesaris parricidas et hostes iudicari, eumque in deorum numerum referri et divum appellari. 

{{ancora+|287|[[Aeneis/Liber I#287|287.]]}} {{sc|'''imperivm oceano'''}} , {{sc|'''famam qvi terminet astris'''}} aut ad laudem dictum est, aut certe secundum historiam. re uera enim et Britannos qui in oceano sunt uicit, et post mortem eius cum ludi funebres ab Augusto eius adoptivo filio darentur, stella medio die uisa est, unde est &quot;ecce Dionaei processit Caesaris astrum&quot;. {{sc|'''a magno'''}} sicut Alexander, sicut Pompeius. Graeci enim omne magnificum magnum, ut mater magna et dii magni. 

{{ancora+|288|[[Aeneis/Liber I#288|288.]]}} {{sc|'''olim'''}} modo futuri temporis est. {{sc|'''caelo'''}} in caelum. {{sc|'''spoliis orientis'''}} uicto Pharnace Mithridatis filio, qui re uera in oriente fuit. ceterum Aegyptus, in qua Ptolomaeum uicit, in australi est plaga. 

{{ancora+|289|[[Aeneis/Liber I#289|289.]]}} {{sc|'''honvstvm'''}} inter honustum et oneratum hoc interest, quod oneratus est qualicumque pressus pondere, honustus uero cui onus ipsum honori est, ut si quis spolia hostium ferat. sed oneratus aspirationem non habet, quia ab onere venit, honustus uero, quia etiam ab honore descendit, retinet aspirationem. alii 'honestum' legunt; ueteres enim honestum pro specioso ponebant, ut &quot;Dardanius caput ecce puer detectus honestum&quot;. 


{{ancora+|290|[[Aeneis/Liber I#290|290.]]}} {{sc|'''accipies secvra'''}}  quia post mortem Caesar meruit aram, fastigium, flaminem, ut Cicero in Philippicis. {{sc|'''secvra'''}} quare 'secura'? quia nunc sollicita. {{sc|'''hic qvoqve'''}} potest intellegi sicut Romulus, sed melius sicut Aeneas, de quo superius ait 'sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli'. 'quoque' autem semper ad similitudinem ponit, ut &quot;tu quoque litoribus nostris&quot;. {{sc|'''hic qvoqve'''}} sicut ego, sicut tu. {{sc|'''votis'''}} uel ad uota uel uotis uocabitur. 

{{ancora+|291|[[Aeneis/Liber I#291|291.]]}} {{sc|'''aspera tvnc'''}}  id est Caesare consecrato cum Augustus regnare coeperit, clauso Iani templo, pax erit per orbem. constat autem templum hoc ter esse clausum: primum regnante Numa, item post bellum Punicum secundum, tertio post bella Actiaca quae confecit Augustus: quo tempore pax quidem fuit quantum ad exteras pertinet gentes, sed bella flagravere civilia, quod et ipse per transitum tangit dicens 'Furor impius intus'. huius autem aperiendi uel claudendi templi ratio uaria est. alii dicunt Romulo contra Sabinos pugnante, cum in eo esset ut uinceretur, calidam aquam ex eodem loco erupisse, quae fugavit exercitum Sabinorum: hinc ergo tractum morem, ut pugnaturi aperirent templum, quod in eo loco fuerat constitutum, quasi ad spem pristini auxilii. alii dicunt Tatium et Romulum facto foedere hoc templum aedificasse, unde et Ianus ipse duas facies habet, quasi ut ostendat duorum regum coitionem. uel quod ad bellum ituri debent de pace cogitare. est alia melior ratio, quod ad proelium ituri optent reversionem. 

{{ancora+|292|[[Aeneis/Liber I#292|292.]]}} {{sc|'''cana fides et vesta'''}}  subaudis 'erit'. canam autem Fidem dixit, uel quod in canis hominibus invenitur, uel quod ei albo panno inuoluta manu sacrificatur, per quod ostenditur fidem debere esse secretam: unde et Horatius &quot;et albo rara Fides colit uelata panno&quot;. Vesta uero pro religione, quia nullum sacrificium sine igne est, unde et ipsa et Ianus in omnibus sacrificiis inuocantur. Vesta autem dicta uel g-apo g-tehs g-hestias, ut digammos sit adiecta, sicut g-ehr uer, g-Enetos Venetus, uel quod uariis uestita sit rebus. ipsa enim esse dicitur terra, quam ignem habere non dubium est, ut ex Aetna Vulcanoque et aliis locis ardentibus datur intellegi. {{sc|'''remo cvm fratre qvirinvs ivra dabvnt'''}} hic dissimulat de parricidio, quod et iungit eos, et quia non Romulum, sed Quirinum appellat, ut non potuerit parricidium facere qui meruerit deus fieri. {{sc|'''remo cvm fratre qvirinvs ivra dabvnt'''}} multi sic intellegere uolunt ut superius diximus, quia post pestilentiam ad placandos fratris manes geminis omnibus usus est Romulus: unde est &quot;uiden ut geminae stent uertice cristae?&quot; sed hoc esse non potest, quia iteratio est ante dictorum aut ordo praeposterus, si post dictum Caesarem Romulum repetit. constat praeterea Iani templum patuisse sub Romulo, quia bellis numquam uacavit. alii uolunt per hos Romanos intellegi. uera tamen hoc habet ratio, Quirinum Augustum esse, Remum uero pro Agrippa positum, qui filiam Augusti duxit uxorem, et cum eo pariter bella tractavit: unde est &quot;parte alia dis et uentis Agrippa secundis&quot;. nam adulans populus Romanus Octaviano tria obtulit nomina, utrum uellet Quirinus, an Caesar, an Augustus uocari. ille ne unum eligendo partem laederet quae aliud offerre cupiebat, diverso tempore omnibus usus est, et primo Quirinus dictus est, inde Caesar, postea quod et obtinuit Augustus, sicut Suetonius probat et in georgicis ostendit Vergilius. nam cum de Gangaridum uictoria diceret, qui iuxta Gangen sunt quique ab Augusto uicti sunt, ait &quot;uictorisque arma Quirini&quot;. ut autem pro Agrippa Remum poneret, poetico usus est more; nam nomen ex uicino sumpsit. hoc ergo dicit, cum coeperit Iulius Caesar caelum tenere patratis omnibus bellis, iura dabunt Augustus et Agrippa. Romulus autem ideo Quirinus dictus est, uel quod hasta utebatur, quae Sabinorum lingua curis dicitur: hasta enim, id est curis, telum longum est, unde et securis quasi semicuris: uel a g-koiranos qui Graece rex dicitur: constat autem Graecos fuisse Romanos: uel propter generis nobilitatem; Mars enim cum saevit Gradivus dicitur, cum tranquillus est Quirinus. denique in urbe duo eius templa sunt: unum Quirini intra urbem, quasi custodis et tranquilli, aliud in Appia uia extra urbem prope portam, quasi bellatoris, id est Gradivi. 

{{ancora+|293|[[Aeneis/Liber I#293|293.]]}} {{sc|'''dirae'''}} cum apertae sunt. {{sc|'''dirae'''}} hoc est abominandae, alias 'dirae' magnae &quot;an sua cuique deus fit dira cupido&quot; et &quot;iam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes dira loci&quot; et &quot;dicuntur geminae pestes cognomine Dirae&quot;. {{sc|'''compagibvs'''}} ambages et compages antiqui tantum dicebant, posteritas admisit ut etiam compago dicatur: sed non quia uarius esse potest nominativus, debet etiam declinatio mutari, quemadmodum nec in istis nominibus arbor arbos, uomer uomis; nam et uomeris et arboris tantum facit. ergo compages compagis, quoniam compago usurpatum est; compaginis enim nemo penitus dicit. 

{{ancora+|294|[[Aeneis/Liber I#294|294.]]}} {{sc|'''belli portae'''}}  Iani gemini, quae bello aperiebantur, pace claudebantur. ideo autem Ianus belli tempore patefiebat, ut eiusdem conspectus per bellum pateret, in cuius potestate esset exitus reditusque; id enim ipsa significat eius effigies, praebentis se euntibus et redeuntibus ducem. hunc autem olim Numa Pompilius fecit, cuius portas regni tempore clausit. {{sc|'''fvror impivs intvs'''}} ut superius diximus propter bella civilia, quae gesta sunt contra Brutum et Cassium ab Augusto in Philippis, contra Sextum Pompeium ab Augusto in Sicilia. aut sicut quidam tradunt {{sc|'''fvror impivs intvs'''}} non in aede Iani, sed in alia in foro Augusti introeuntibus ad sinistram, fuit bellum pictum et furor sedens super arma devinctus eo habitu quo poeta dixit. 

{{ancora+|295|[[Aeneis/Liber I#295|295.]]}} {{sc|'''saeva sedens svper arma'''}}  secundum antiquam licentiam. sciendum tamen est hodie 'in' et 'sub' tantum communes esse praepositiones. ceterum 'super' et 'subter' iam accusativae sunt, sicut 'clam' et 'post', quae ante communes fuerunt: nunc in his mutata natura est. ergo {{sc|'''svper'''}} pro supra. et nunc haec praepositio accusativo seruit, ubi uero 'de' significat, ablativo. {{sc|'''aenis nodis'''}} non centum nodis, sed catenis, quas circumlocutione significavit, quia sunt catenae nodi plures. quidam 'aeneis' pro ferreis tradunt, ut &quot;micat aereus ensis&quot;: et &quot;aerea quem obliquum rota transit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|297|[[Aeneis/Liber I#297|297.]]}} {{sc|'''et maia genitvm'''}}  Mercurium. et est periphrasis. Cicero in libris de deorum natura plures dicit esse Mercurios: sed in deorum ratione fabulae sequendae sunt, nam ueritas ignoratur. simul allusit poeta, quia per caduceatores, id est internuntios, pax solet fieri. {{sc|'''maia genitvm demittit ab alto'''}} quod deo opus erat, ut hostes Poeni auctori Romani nominis placarentur Aeneae. quidam sane quattuor Mercurios dicunt: unum Iovis et Maiae filium, alterum Caeli et Diei, tertium Liberi et Proserpinae, quartum Iovis et Cyllenes, a quo Argus occisus est, quem ipsum ob hanc causam Graecia profugum Aegyptiis litteras demonstrasse perhibent. 

{{ancora+|298|[[Aeneis/Liber I#298|298.]]}} {{sc|'''vt terrae'''}}  propter illud quod sequitur &quot;hospitio prohibemur harenae&quot;. {{sc|'''pateant'''}} propter illud &quot;cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis&quot;. non nulli sane 'pateant' pacatae sint accipiunt, ut Sallustius &quot;simul immanis hominum uis multis e locis inuasere patentes tum et pacis modo effusas&quot;; hic enim habitus pacis. et in Catilina &quot;cuncta maria terraeque patebant&quot;. sic enim contra cum dicitur 'clausa omnia' bellum significatur, ut ipse &quot;quae moenia clausis ferrum acuant portis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|299|[[Aeneis/Liber I#299|299.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitio'''}} ad hospitium. {{sc|'''ne fati nescia dido'''}} non sui: nam si sciret exitum suum, multo magis uetaret: sed 'fati' dixit uoluntatis Iovis, sicut &quot;fatis Iunonis iniquae&quot;. aut certe fati Troianorum, qui non sponte, sed necessitate ad Africam venerant, quod utique ignorabat Dido. illo enim tempore inuadendarum terrarum causa fuerat navigatio, ut Sallustius meminit, facili tum mutatione sedum: quod etiam excusant Troiani &quot;non nos aut ferro Libycos populare penates venimus&quot;. ergo hoc agitur, ut discat Dido eos ad Italiam tendere. quomodo ergo se iungit Aeneae? sed furoris illud est, non consilii. nam nec sacerdotibus haec dicentibus credidit. unde est &quot;quid uota furentem, quid delubra iuvant?&quot; 


{{ancora+|300|[[Aeneis/Liber I#300|300.]]}} {{sc|'''volat ille per aera'''}}  similis hic festinatio Mercurii est, ut supra Neptuni. in quarto et &quot;talaria nectit&quot; et &quot;uirgam capit&quot; et plus moratur. 

{{ancora+|301|[[Aeneis/Liber I#301|301.]]}} {{sc|'''remigio alarvm'''}}  translatio reciproca, ut supra diximus; nam alibi &quot;uelorum pandimus alas&quot;. {{sc|'''citvs'''}} pro cito, aduerbium temporis in nomen deflexum. et bene hoc de Mercurio; cum enim alia signa tarde ad ortus suos recurrant, Mercurius octavo decimo die in ortu suo invenitur. {{sc|'''poeni'''}} antistoichon est quasi phoeni. 

{{ancora+|303|[[Aeneis/Liber I#303|303.]]}} {{sc|'''volente deo'''}}  Mercurio uel Iove. {{sc|'''in primis'''}} praecipue. 

{{ancora+|304|[[Aeneis/Liber I#304|304.]]}} {{sc|'''in tevcros'''}}  pro Teucris, ut diximus. alibi 'in Teucros' aduersum Teucros, ut &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires&quot;. 

{{ancora+|305|[[Aeneis/Liber I#305|305.]]}} {{sc|'''at pivs aeneas'''}}  filium Aeneas sacrorum omnium docetur, ex cuius persona latenter quae ad caeremonias ueteres pertinent saepe monstrantur. hic ergo deus apicis, quod insigne flaminum fuit, de quo loco suo in quarto libro dictum est. uult ostendere igitur, flamini extra medium pomerium post solis occasum apicem ponere non licere. Aeneas ergo hic ad Carthaginis litus adpulsus ostenditur sine apice fuisse, id est nudo capite. nam cum ait 'at pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima uoluens, ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque explorare novos, quas uento accesserit oras, qui teneant, nam inculta uidet, hominesne feraene' manifeste longius ab urbe intellegitur; unde animaduertendum est extra pomerium fuisse, nam in subsequentibus ostenditur, eum extra pomerium fuisse, cum ait Venus &quot;et qua te ducit uia, dirige gressum&quot;. nam et augurium ei in finibus pomerii ostensum est. quod et ipsum Aeneam respondentem signatius declarat sine apice fuisse; timentem enim, ne piaculum incurreret, si cum solis occasum nudo capite, id est sine apice inveniretur, ita loquentem fecit &quot;et uacet annales nostrorum audire laborum, ante diem clauso componet Vesper Olympo&quot;; uerebatur enim solis occasum. nudo autem capite ibi fuisse ostenditur, ubi ait &quot;restitit Aeneas claraque in luce refulsit, os umerosque deo similis; namque ipsa decoram caesariem nato genetrix lumenque iuventae purpureum et laetos oculis adflarat honores&quot;; neque enim caesariem dicere debuisset, nisi quia nudo capite incedebat Aeneas. sed haec Vergilio et his similia sufficiunt ad indicandum omnium disciplinarum scientiam narrantem aliud ponere, neque propositum habet talia plenius exsequi. {{sc|'''per noctem'''}} decet enim pro cunctis regem esse sollicitum. et bene 'per noctem', ne a sociis quos ipse consolatus erat uideretur per diem maerens. 

{{ancora+|306|[[Aeneis/Liber I#306|306.]]}} {{sc|'''alma'''}} alma lux dicta, quod alat universa, unde et &quot;alma Ceres&quot;, quod nos alat; nam physici dicunt omnia per diem crescere. quomodo ergo Vergilius ait &quot;exigua tantum gelidus ros nocte reponet&quot;? sed hoc pro miraculo positum est, ut etiam Plinius sentit. {{sc|'''locos'''}} et locos et loca dicimus, cum in numero singulari locus tantum dicamus. simile est et iocus, nam et ioca facit et ioci, ut &quot;ioca atque seria cum humillimis exercere&quot; et &quot;quam multa ioca solent esse in epistolis&quot; et &quot;tum iuvenes agitare iocos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|307|[[Aeneis/Liber I#307|307.]]}} {{sc|'''qvas vento accesserit oras'''}}  diximus superius figuram fieri, cum praepositio detracta nomini uerbo copulatur, et plerumque eam suam retinere naturam plerumque conuertere. hoc igitur sciendum est, quia, cum casum suum retinet, hysterologia est, ut hoc loco; cum autem mutat, figura est, ut &quot;Cumarum adlabitur oris&quot;; 'oris' enim pro oras posuit. plerumque tamen etiam superfluas ponunt praepositiones. {{sc|'''qvas vento accesserit oras'''}} sine praepositione. Sallustius &quot;genua patrum aduoluuntur&quot;. 

{{ancora+|308|[[Aeneis/Liber I#308|308.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi teneant'''}}  iure dubitat, cum omnia cernat inculta. est autem ordo 'qui teneant, hominesne feraene'; media per parenthesin dicta sunt. {{sc|'''exacta'''}} exquisita. et ostendit providum regem per se curantem commoda sociorum. 


{{ancora+|310|[[Aeneis/Liber I#310|310.]]}} {{sc|'''in convexo nemorvm'''}}  prooeconomia est ad causam pertinens. non enim tenebitur ab Afris, ut Ilionei, et qui cum ipso supervenerant. 'conuexo' autem curuo, unde et conuexum dicitur caelum. sane subaudimus 'loco', ut alibi &quot;castrorum et campi medio&quot;, id est spatio. 'nemorum' autem modo siluarum. interest autem inter nemus et siluam et lucum; lucus enim est arborum multitudo cum religione, nemus uero composita multitudo arborum, silua diffusa et inculta. {{sc|'''svb rvpe cavata'''}} periphrasis est speluncae. 

{{ancora+|311|[[Aeneis/Liber I#311|311.]]}} {{sc|'''arboribvs atqve horrentibvs vmbris'''}}  umbris arborum, quo modo &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. aut certe arboribus et umbris speluncae. et bene ostendit omnia curuis adlata navibus non quae venerant cum Aenea. 'clausam' autem 'occulit' occulit et clausit. 

{{ancora+|312|[[Aeneis/Liber I#312|312.]]}} {{sc|'''comitatvs achate'''}}  bene ostendit Aeneam esse fortissimum nec quidquam timere dicendo 'uno graditur comitatus Achate'. et diximus quaeri, cur Achates Aeneae sit comes. uaria quidem dicuntur, melius tamen hoc fingitur, ut tractum nomen sit a Graeca etymologia. g-achos enim dicitur sollicitudo, quae regum semper est comes. 

{{ancora+|313|[[Aeneis/Liber I#313|313.]]}} {{sc|'''bina'''}} si ad utrumque referas, bene dixit 'bina', si ad Aeneam tantum, antiquus mos est, ut supra diximus, bina pro duobus poni, sicut et duplices. {{sc|'''lato ferro'''}} id est lati ferri, ut &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. 

{{ancora+|314|[[Aeneis/Liber I#314|314.]]}} {{sc|'''media sese tvlit obvia silva'''}}  quam Graeci g-hulen uocant poetae nominant siluam, id est elementorum congeriem, unde cuncta procreantur. et multi uolunt Aeneam in horoscopo Virginem, ibi etiam Venerem habuisse. bene ergo in media silua uirginis habitu ei Venerem poeta facit occurrere, quia ut supra diximus Venere in Virgine constituta et misericordes procreantur feminae et uiri per mulierem felices futuri, ut probamus in Aenea, quoniam misericordia Didonis servatur. 

{{ancora+|315|[[Aeneis/Liber I#315|315.]]}} {{sc|'''virginis os habitvmqve gerens'''}}  uultum et amictum. habitus apud ueteres dicebatur tam corporis quam eorum quae praeter corpus sunt. et bene 'gerens', non 'habens', quod geri putantur aliena. 

{{ancora+|316|[[Aeneis/Liber I#316|316.]]}} {{sc|'''spartanae'''}} Lacaenae. Sparta enim civitas est Laconicae, ubi sunt puellae venatrices. redditur autem causa, uirgo cur sit in siluis, scilicet propter venatum. {{sc|'''threissa'''}} thracia. et est solutio; nam Thressa facit, sicut &quot;Cressa genus Pholoe&quot;. veniunt autem ab eo quod est Threx et Cres. ut autem Creissa non faciat illud est, quia g-Krehssa per e simpliciter scribitur nec potest recipere solutionem, g-Thraissa uero per ai diphthongon, unde et resoluitur. {{sc|'''fatigat'''}} suo scilicet cursu. sane quidam 'fatigat' pro fatigavit accipiunt, praesens pro praeterito, sicut et 'praevertitur' pro praeversa est. 

{{ancora+|317|[[Aeneis/Liber I#317|317.]]}} {{sc|'''harpalyce'''}} haec est quae patrem senem captum a Getis multitudine collecta liberavit celerius, quam de femina potest credi: unde et flumina dicitur celeritate transisse. multum autem epitheton fluminis eius addidit laudi. {{sc|'''harpalyce'''}} quidam a patre Harpalyco, qui rex Amymoniorum Thraciae gentis fuit, ita nutritam dicunt, ut ipse Camillam a Metabo facit. haec patre propter ferociam a civibus pulso ac postea occiso, fugit in siluas et venatibus latrociniisque uivendo ita efferata est et huius uelocitatis et exercitii facta est, ut subito ad uicina stabula coacta inopia decurreret et rapto pecorum fetu insequentes etiam equites in celeritate uitaret. sed quodam tempore positis ad insidias cervarum plagis capta et occisa est. cuius mortem nobilitavit eorum exitus, qui eam occiderunt; statim enim in uicinia orta contentio est, cuius fuisset haedus quem Harpalyce rapuerat, ita ut gravi certamine non sine plurimis mortibus dimicaretur. postea consuetudo servata est, ut ad tumulum uirginis populi convenirent et propter expiationem per imaginem pugnae concurrerent. quidam hanc patrem a Getis, ut alii uolunt a Myrmidonibus captum collecta multitudine adserunt liberavisse celerius, quam de femina credi potest: unde et flumina dicitur celeritate transisse. {{sc|'''volvcrem hebrvm'''}} multum quidem laudis flumini epitheto addidit: sed falsum est; nam est quietissimus etiam cum per hiemem crescit. est autem in Thracia ante muros Cypselae civitatis, de locis superis Thraciae veniens; dictus autem Hebrus ab Hebro Hemi et Rhodopes filio. {{sc|'''praevertitvr'''}} id est transit. dicimus autem et praevertit et praevertitur nova ratione. nam passiva declinatione utimur in activa significatione, ut hoc loco; praevertimur enim cum ipsi praeimus. cum autem activa declinatio est passivam habet significationem, ut 'ille me praevertit'. alii 'praevertitur' sic positum uolunt, ut &quot;bellantur Amazones&quot; pro praevertit et bellant. 

{{ancora+|318|[[Aeneis/Liber I#318|318.]]}} {{sc|'''namqve vmeris de more'''}}  ut ostendatur esse venatrix. de more venantum scilicet. {{sc|'''habilem'''}} aptum sexui. unusquisque enim arcum habet pro uiribus suis. {{sc|'''venatrix'''}} similis venatrici, id est quasi venatrix, ut &quot;at medias inter caedes exultat Amazon&quot;. {{sc|'''comam diffvndere'''}} ut diffunderetur. Graeca autem figura est. sic alibi &quot;et argenti magnum dat ferre talentum&quot; et &quot;tu das epulis accumbere divum&quot;: unde 'da bibere' usus obtinuit, quod facere non debemus, ne duo uerba iungamus, nisi in poemate. 


{{ancora+|320|[[Aeneis/Liber I#320|320.]]}} {{sc|'''nvda genv'''}}  nudum genu habens, ut si dicas 'bonus animum'. et est Graeca figura, sed non ea quam diximus fieri per participium praeteriti temporis et casum accusativum; haec enim per nomen fit: quamuis ad unam significationem recurrant. {{sc|'''sinvs collecta'''}} ut &quot;oculos suffusa&quot;. 

{{ancora+|321|[[Aeneis/Liber I#321|321.]]}} {{sc|'''ac prior'''}}  paulo post sequitur 'inquit'. {{sc|'''hevs'''}} nunc aduerbium uocantis est, alias interiectio dolentis, ut &quot;heus etiam mensas consumimus, inquit Iulus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|322|[[Aeneis/Liber I#322|322.]]}} {{sc|'''errantem'''}} inuestigantem, quia venatores cum uestigant quasi uidentur errare. {{sc|'''sororvm'''}} non tamquam nota sit illis soror, sed ut est in consuetudine. 

{{ancora+|323|[[Aeneis/Liber I#323|323.]]}} {{sc|'''svccinctam'''}} instructam, uel ut alii dicunt in cingulo habentem pharetram, ut plerique. {{sc|'''macvlosae lyncis'''}} epitheta tribus modis ponuntur, aut laudandi aut demonstrandi aut uituperandi. hic 'maculosae' demonstrandi est. sane Lyncus rex Scythiae fuit, qui missum a Cerere Triptolemum, ut hominibus frumenta monstraret, susceptum hospitio, ut in se gloria tanta migraret, interimere cogitavit. ob quam rem irata Ceres eum conuertit in lyncem, feram uarii coloris, ut ipse uariae mentis extiterat. et erit nominativus haec lynx, ut Pan Tros, quae in genetivo una syllaba crescunt. 

{{ancora+|324|[[Aeneis/Liber I#324|324.]]}} {{sc|'''spvmantis'''}} id est spumosi, participium loco nominis positum. {{sc|'''cvrsvm clamore prementem'''}} plerumque duo diversa in unum exitum cadunt, licet contraria significent, ut hoc loco. 'uidistis' enim etiam ad uocem pertinet, quod etiam ex Aeneae responsione colligitur. {{sc|'''prementem'''}} insequentem, ut ipse alibi &quot;ingentem clamore premes ad retia ceruum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|325|[[Aeneis/Liber I#325|325.]]}} {{sc|'''orsvs'''}} nunc coepit, alias finiit, ut &quot;sic Iuppiter orsus&quot;. sed illic proprie posuit, hic usurpatum est; praeteritum enim est participium. 

{{ancora+|326|[[Aeneis/Liber I#326|326.]]}} {{sc|'''avdita neqve visa'''}}  hinc probatur quia superius haec interrogaverat Venus. sane quidam 'audita' ad illud responsum uolunt 'clamore prementem'; ⟨ut⟩ ad 'uidistis si quam' 'neque uisa' responderit. 

{{ancora+|327|[[Aeneis/Liber I#327|327.]]}} {{sc|'''o qvam te'''}}  quae dea sit dubitat, nam deam esse confidit. ergo hic o dubitativa, alias optativa. &quot;adsis, o Tegeaee, favens&quot;. 

{{ancora+|328|[[Aeneis/Liber I#328|328.]]}} {{sc|'''vox hominem sonat'''}}  Graeca figura est. {{sc|'''o dea certe'''}} hic o distinguendum, ut post inferat 'dea certe' confirmans opinionem suam. et conclusio est syllogismi, qui constat ex propositione, adsumptione, conclusione. nam si nec uox nec uultus mortales sunt, restat ut dea sit. 

{{ancora+|329|[[Aeneis/Liber I#329|329.]]}} {{sc|'''an phoebi soror'''}}  Diana; nam venatrix est. bene autem suspicatur pro loco et qualitate habitus personaeque. perite autem poeta dicendo 'an Phoebi soror' uidetur de nomine Apollinis dubitare. constat enim hunc deum a diversis gentibus uel civitatibus diversis nominibus appellari secundum genera beneficiorum, quae uario divinitatis genere praestare consuevit. cui deo sagittas datas uolunt, quia ut uis morbi ita hoc telum sit occultum. hunc tamen deum et ad uberum custodiam et ad divinationem et ad medicinam et ad res urbanas, quae placidae sunt, et ad bella pertinere longinqua: cui laurum ideo sacratam, quia haec arbor suffimentis purgationibusque adhibeatur, ut ostendatur nullum templum eius nisi purum ingredi debere. cautum enim est, ne sacerdos eius domum ingrediatur, in qua ante quintam diem funus fuerit. quidam tamen 'an' pro sive antique dictum uolunt. non nulli coniunctionem mutatam adserunt pro 'aut Phoebi soror aut Nympharum sanguinis una'. alii 'an' coniunctionem disiunctivam uolunt, ut Sallustius &quot;perrexere in Hispaniam, an Sardiniam&quot;. {{sc|'''an nympharvm sangvinis'''}} generis. 


{{ancora+|330|[[Aeneis/Liber I#330|330.]]}} {{sc|'''sis felix'''}}  propitia. felix enim dicitur et qui habet felicitatem et qui facit esse felicem, ut in bucolicis &quot;sis bonus o felixque tuis&quot;. unde et contra Iuno in septimo dicit &quot;quae potui infelix&quot;, id est aduersa Troianis. {{sc|'''sis felix'''}} hoc est felicitatem praestes uel felix mihi. e contrario &quot;et monstrum infelix &quot;et &quot;infelix uates&quot;. {{sc|'''leves'''}} levem facias, ut &quot;levat ipse tridenti&quot;. {{sc|'''qvaecvmqve'''}} seu Diana, seu nympha. 

{{ancora+|331|[[Aeneis/Liber I#331|331.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo svb caelo'''}}  aut sub qua parte caeli, aut secundum Epicureos dixit, qui plures uolunt esse caelos, ut Cicero in Hortensio. {{sc|'''tandem'''}} hoc loco uacat 'tandem'. sciendum sane multas particulas ad ornatum pertinere tantummodo, ut puta 'dum' 'gentium' 'locorum' 'terrarum'. aut 'tandem doceas', quia uix hoc quoque contigit. aut 'tandem' pro expletiva particula est. 

{{ancora+|332|[[Aeneis/Liber I#332|332.]]}} {{sc|'''hominvmqve locorvmqve'''}}  g-hupermetros uersus, unam enim plus habet syllabam: qui quotiens fit, debet sequens uersus a uocali incipere, ut hoc loco, item &quot;omnia Mercurio similis, uocemque coloremque et crines flavos&quot;; nisi forte synizesis fiat in fine, id est uocalium collisio, ut est &quot;nec cura peculi&quot;. hic enim non est necesse ut sequens uersus a uocali incipiat. 

{{ancora+|334|[[Aeneis/Liber I#334|334.]]}} {{sc|'''hostia dextra'''}}  hostiae dicuntur sacrificia quae ab his fiunt qui in hostem pergunt, uictimae uero sacrificia quae post uictoriam fiunt. sed haec licenter confundit auctoritas. 

{{ancora+|335|[[Aeneis/Liber I#335|335.]]}} {{sc|'''eqvidem'''}} nunc 'ego quidem' significat, alias expletiva particula est. {{sc|'''tali me dignor honore'''}} id est sacrificio. et aut uult se probare non numen, sed uirginem Tyriam; aut certe quia Paphiae Veneri quae Cypri colitur, ture tantum sacrificatur et floribus; quia ait &quot;ubi templum illi centumque Sabaeo thure calent arae, sertisque recentibus halant&quot;. HAVD EQUIDEM T- M- D- H- ideo non amplectitur sacrificium, ut diutius lateat. {{sc|'''dignor'''}} dignam me iudico, ut &quot;coniugio Anchisa Veneris dignate superbo&quot;, id est digne habite. 

{{ancora+|337|[[Aeneis/Liber I#337|337.]]}} {{sc|'''pvrpvreo'''}} aut pulchro aut russati coloris. {{sc|'''svras vincire cotvrno'''}} coturni sunt calciamenta etiam venatoria, crura quoque uincientia, quorum quivis utrique aptus est pedi. ideo et numero usus est singulari. 

{{ancora+|338|[[Aeneis/Liber I#338|338.]]}} {{sc|'''pvnica regna vides'''}}  ad illud &quot;'et quo sub caelo tandem&quot;'. quidam 'uides' pro uisurus es accipiunt; nam quemadmodum in media silua urbem uidet et Tyrios? {{sc|'''pvnica regna vides'''}} his attentum facit Aeneam. {{sc|'''tyrios'''}} nihil interest utrum Tyrios an Sidonios dicat. ut diximus enim nomina de uicino mutuantur. {{sc|'''agenoris vrbem'''}} quam fecerunt Agenoridae. Agenor autem, Neptuni et Libyae filius, rex Phoenices fuit, de cuius genere originem Dido ducebat. et sic dictum est, ut &quot;et tandem Euboicis Cumarum adlabitur oris&quot;, id est ad Cumas, quas fecerunt hi qui de Chalcide venerant, civitate Euboeae. 

{{ancora+|339|[[Aeneis/Liber I#339|339.]]}} {{sc|'''sed fines libyci'''}}  ante dicta dubia esse potuerunt, nunc aperte regionem ostendit dicendo Libycos fines. Tyrii enim et alibi esse potuerunt. {{sc|'''intractabile'''}} insuperabile, asperum, saevum. {{sc|'''sed fines libyci'''}} amovit suspicionem, ne putaret se in Tyrum venisse. 


{{ancora+|340|[[Aeneis/Liber I#340|340.]]}} {{sc|'''dido'''}} uero nomine Elissa ante dicta est, sed post interitum a Poenis Dido appellata, id est uirago Punica lingua, quod cum a suis sociis cogeretur cuicumque de Afris regibus nubere et prioris mariti caritate teneretur, forti se animo et interfecerit et in pyram iecerit, quam se ad expiandos prioris mariti manes extruxisse fingebat. 

{{ancora+|341|[[Aeneis/Liber I#341|341.]]}} {{sc|'''germanvm fvgiens'''}}  hoc loco quasi stupuit Aeneas; de germani enim appellatione fuerat facta maior inuidia: unde auditoris aviditati praescribit Venus dicens longam esse iniuriam, id est causam, ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit, ut supra &quot;spem uultu simulat&quot;. {{sc|'''longa est inivria'''}} longa narratio iniuriae. 

{{ancora+|342|[[Aeneis/Liber I#342|342.]]}} {{sc|'''longae ambages'''}}  id est circuitus. hoc est ambages narrationis. {{sc|'''fastigia'''}} summae partes aedificiorum dicuntur, sed modo primordia, quia scit longam esse historiam Carthaginis, ut Sallustius &quot;sed de Carthagine silere melius puto, quam parum dicere&quot;. 

{{ancora+|343|[[Aeneis/Liber I#343|343.]]}} {{sc|'''hvic conivnx sychaevs erat'''}}  quotiens poeta aspera invenit nomina uel in metro non stantia, aut mutat ea aut de his aliquid mutilat. nam Sychaeus Sicarbas dictus est; Belus, Didonis pater, Mettes; Carthago a cartha, ut lectum est et in historia Poenorum et in Livio. sane Sychaeus Sy brevis est per naturam; sed hoc loco ectasin fecit ea licentia quae est in propriis nominibus. licet enim in quavis proprii nominis parte syllabae mutare naturam: quod et in appellativis evenit, si tamen de propriis originem ducant, ut &quot;Sicanio praetenta sinu&quot;, quia venit a Sicano rege Siciliae. {{sc|'''ditissimvs agri'''}} ueteres addebant cuius rei dives, ut &quot;dives equum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|344|[[Aeneis/Liber I#344|344.]]}} {{sc|'''miserae'''}} dativus est, non aduerbium. 

{{ancora+|345|[[Aeneis/Liber I#345|345.]]}} {{sc|'''cvi pater intactam dederat'''}}  argumentum amoris. 

{{ancora+|346|[[Aeneis/Liber I#346|346.]]}} {{sc|'''primis ominibvs'''}}  uel prosperis et secundis auguriis uel primariis, ut aliis uerbis repetierit 'cui pater intactam dederat'. {{sc|'''ominibvs'''}} auguriis. et secundum Romanos locutus est, qui nihil nisi captatis faciebant auguriis, et praecipue nuptias. Lucanus &quot;contentique auspice Bruto&quot;. Iuvenalis &quot;veniet cum signatoribus auspex&quot;. {{sc|'''tyri'''}} aduerbium est. 

{{ancora+|347|[[Aeneis/Liber I#347|347.]]}} {{sc|'''scelere ante alios immanior omnes qvos inter medios venit fvror'''}}  iunge totum: nam aliter non procedit, si segreges 'quos inter medios venit furor', cum ipse dicat, licet simulatas, fuisse tamen amicitias, simul namque sacrificabant: ac si diceret, sceleratior Atreo et Thyeste, uel Eteocle et Polynice. multi 'inmanior' ad furorem, non ad Pygmalionem referunt. ordo autem est 'inter quos medios'. 

{{ancora+|348|[[Aeneis/Liber I#348|348.]]}} {{sc|'''ille sychaevm'''}}  hoc loco secundum naturam posuit. 

{{ancora+|349|[[Aeneis/Liber I#349|349.]]}} {{sc|'''impivs ante aras'''}}  probavit impium, qui ante aras. et singula pronuntianda. 


{{ancora+|350|[[Aeneis/Liber I#350|350.]]}} {{sc|'''clam'''}} quidam ad sororem referri putant. {{sc|'''secvrvs amorvm germanae'''}} aut contemnens, id est neglegens, non curans amores sororis, ut &quot;securi pelagi atque mei&quot;, id est contemptores: aut certe securus erat de amore germanae circa maritum nimio, ob quem se post mortem Sychaei interimere posse credebatur; nec enim sequitur, ut occiso Sychaeo ipse statim potiretur auri, nisi etiam Dido periret. 'amores' autem plurali numero ad uoluptatem pertinent, ut &quot;securus amorum, qui iuvenum tibi semper erant&quot;, singulari etiam ad religionem. 

{{ancora+|351|[[Aeneis/Liber I#351|351.]]}} {{sc|'''aegram'''}} maestam, anxiam. 

{{ancora+|352|[[Aeneis/Liber I#352|352.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta malvs simvlans vana spe lvsit amantem'''}}  quia dicebat absentem, quem constabat occisum. atqui legimus &quot;quis fallere possit amantem?&quot; sed hic nimia Pygmalionis ostenditur malitia, quae etiam amantem fefellit. {{sc|'''vana spe'''}} quia dicebat eum reverti. {{sc|'''lvsit'''}} decepit. 

{{ancora+|353|[[Aeneis/Liber I#353|353.]]}} {{sc|'''in somnis'''}}  si ab eo quod est somnium, synizesis est, ut peculi pro peculii; si autem a somno venit, 'in somnis', id est dum somnos caperet. {{sc|'''imago'''}} g-to g-eidohlon. 

{{ancora+|355|[[Aeneis/Liber I#355|355.]]}} {{sc|'''crvdelis aras'''}}  epitheton hoc de causa est, nam arae piae sunt. 

{{ancora+|356|[[Aeneis/Liber I#356|356.]]}} {{sc|'''nvdavit'''}} indicavit: unde contra in sexto habemus &quot;et uulnera dira tegentem&quot;, hoc est celantem. quid enim tegeret undique truncatus? {{sc|'''retexit'''}} ecce hic planius quid sit 'nudavit' ostendit. {{sc|'''caecvmqve domvs scelvs omne retexit'''}} utrum ad praeteritum hoc refertur, an ut quibusdam uidetur, quod ipsam Didonem parabat occidere? nam ideo et fugam suadere uisus est. 

{{ancora+|357|[[Aeneis/Liber I#357|357.]]}} {{sc|'''celerare fvgam'''}}  celeriter abire, ut dicimus 'cursum celero'. {{sc|'''svadet'''}} secundum naturam duae sunt syllabae, sed multi trisyllabum putant. quod etiam si inveniatur, solutio dicenda est, quo modo dicimus aena et aena. hoc autem solum huiusce modi uerbum in Latino invenitur. 

{{ancora+|358|[[Aeneis/Liber I#358|358.]]}} {{sc|'''reclvdit'''}} ad opinionem somni recludere uidetur, ut &quot;aeternumque adytis effert penetralibus ignem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|359|[[Aeneis/Liber I#359|359.]]}} {{sc|'''thesavros'''}} hoc nomen 'n' non habet, sicut Atlas, gigas, Thoas, Abas, Pallas, licet in obliquis casibus inveniatur; sicut nec formosus, quia derivatum est a forma, ut a specie speciosus, ab odio odiosus, a genere generosus, ab scelere scelerosus. {{sc|'''ignotvm argenti pondvs et avri'''}} aut quod ignorabat Dido, aut certe ad magnitudinem pertinet, id est tantum quantum nullus umquam novit. 


{{ancora+|360|[[Aeneis/Liber I#360|360.]]}} {{sc|'''his commota'''}}  supra dictis omnibus. 

{{ancora+|361|[[Aeneis/Liber I#361|361.]]}} {{sc|'''qvibvs avt odivm crvdele tyranni avt metvs acer erat'''}}  oderant laesi, metuebant laedendi, hoc est qui timebant, ne laederentur: unde est illud in quarto &quot;et quos Sidonia uix urbe revelli&quot;, quia non uoluntate, sed aut odio aut timore convenerant. {{sc|'''odivm crvdele tyranni'''}} id est crudelis tyranni, et figura est; nam in tyrannum odium iustum est. 

{{ancora+|362|[[Aeneis/Liber I#362|362.]]}} {{sc|'''naves qvae forte paratae'''}}  id est erant. 

{{ancora+|363|[[Aeneis/Liber I#363|363.]]}} {{sc|'''pygmalionis opes'''}}  quas Pygmalion iam suas putabat: unde est in quarto &quot;ulta uirum&quot;. quae enim avaro maior poena, quam pecuniam propter quam deliquerat perdere? remove hoc, et falsum est &quot;ulta uirum&quot;. sciendum autem quod clam tangit historiam. moris enim erat, ut de pecunia publica Phoenices misso a rege auro de peregrinis frumenta conueherent. Dido autem a Pygmalione ad hunc usum paratas naves abstulerat: quam cum fugientem a fratre missi sequerentur, aurum illa praecipitavit in mare, qua re uisa sequentes reversi sunt. licet et alio ordine historia ista narratur. {{sc|'''dvx femina facti'''}} pronuntiandum quasi mirum. 

{{ancora+|365|[[Aeneis/Liber I#365|365.]]}} {{sc|'''devenere locos'''}}  'ad' minus est. {{sc|'''svrgentem'''}} erigentem se, ut &quot;surgentem in cornua ceruum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|366|[[Aeneis/Liber I#366|366.]]}} {{sc|'''novae carthaginis'''}}  Carthago enim est lingua Poenorum nova civitas, ut docet Livius. 

{{ancora+|367|[[Aeneis/Liber I#367|367.]]}} {{sc|'''mercatiqve solvm'''}} , {{sc|'''facti de nomine byrsam'''}} adpulsa ad Libyam Dido cum ab Hiarba pelleretur, petit callide, ut emeret tantum terrae, quantum posset corium bovis tenere. itaque corium in fila propemodum sectum tetendit occupavitque stadia uiginti duo: quam rem leviter tangit Vergilius dicendo 'facti de nomine Byrsam' et non 'tegere', sed 'circumdare'. {{sc|'''facti de nomine'''}} id est de causae qualitate, quia byrsa Graece g-corium dicitur. dicendo ergo 'circumdare', ostendit corrigiam de corio factam. 

{{ancora+|368|[[Aeneis/Liber I#368|368.]]}} {{sc|'''tergo'''}} pro tergore. 

{{ancora+|369|[[Aeneis/Liber I#369|369.]]}} {{sc|'''sed vos qvi tandem'''}} ? uacat hoc loco 'tandem', uel ut aliis uidetur expletiva coniunctio, ut &quot;et quo sub caelo tandem&quot;, ubi 'tandem' pro tamen accipiunt. et est naturalis interrogatio qui estis? unde estis? quo itis? sic ipse in octavo licet mutato ordine &quot;quo tenditis, inquit? qui genus? unde domo?&quot; 


{{ancora+|371|[[Aeneis/Liber I#371|371.]]}} {{sc|'''imoqve trahens a pectore vocem'''}}  deest 'dixit'. et quotiens longe respondet, parenthesis est; quotiens nusquam, ellipsis dicitur, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|372|[[Aeneis/Liber I#372|372.]]}} {{sc|'''o dea'''}}  perseverat in opinione sua, ita tamen, ut et illius orationi aliquando concedat: nam paulo post ait 'si uestras forte per aures Troiae nomen iit'. aut certe illud est, quia superius dixerat 'an nympharum sanguinis una', quae non omnia sciunt; {{sc|'''ab origine'''}} a raptu Helenae. {{sc|'''pergam'''}} perseverem, hoc est universa dicam. 

{{ancora+|373|[[Aeneis/Liber I#373|373.]]}} {{sc|'''annales'''}} inter historiam et annales hoc interest: historia est eorum temporum quae uel uidimus uel uidere potuimus, dicta g-apo g-tou g-historein, id est uidere; annales uero sunt eorum temporum, quae aetas nostra non novit: unde Livius ex annalibus et historia constat. haec tamen confunduntur licenter, ut hoc loco pro historia inquit 'annales'. ita autem annales conficiebantur: tabulam dealbatam quotannis pontifex maximus habuit, in qua praescriptis consulum nominibus et aliorum magistratuum digna memoratu notare consueverat domi militiaeque terra marique gesta per singulos dies. cuius diligentiae annuos commentarios in octoginta libros ueteres retulerunt, eosque a pontificibus maximis a quibus fiebant annales maximos appellarunt: unde quidam ideo dictum ab Aenea 'annales' aiunt, quod et ipse religiosus sit et a poeta tum pontifex inducatur. 

{{ancora+|374|[[Aeneis/Liber I#374|374.]]}} {{sc|'''clavso'''}} more poetico, qui dicunt caelum per noctem claudi, aperiri per diem: unde est &quot;porta tonat caeli&quot; et &quot;considunt tectis bipatentibus&quot;. {{sc|'''componet'''}} finiet, ut &quot;oblato gaudens componi foedere bellum&quot; et &quot;⟨non⟩ nostrum inter uos tantas conponere lites&quot;. alibi pro disponere, ut &quot;nec conponere opes norant&quot;, alibi pro coniungere, ut &quot;conponens manibusque manus&quot;, alibi pro conparare, ut &quot;sic paruis conponere magna solebam&quot;, alibi pro fundare, ut &quot;nunc placida conpostus&quot;. {{sc|'''vesper'''}} proprie stella est, cum autem 'uesperi' dicimus, aduerbium temporis est. et sciendum quia omnia nomina, quae de Graecis in -os exeuntibus ad nos transeunt, apud nos aut in us tantum exeunt, ut {{sc|'''deloc'''}} delus, aut in er, ut g-agros ager, aut in utrumque, ut g-evandros evandrus evander 

{{ancora+|375|[[Aeneis/Liber I#375|375.]]}} {{sc|'''troia antiqva'''}}  nobili, venerabili, more suo: alibi &quot;terra antiqua&quot;, id est nobilis; nec enim esse poterat nova. item &quot;templa dei saxo venerabar structa uetusto&quot;. aut certe cara, et hoc ideo, quia dixit 'quibus aut venistis ab oris'. {{sc|'''si vestras forte per avres'''}} cum apud deam sciat se loqui, cur ait 'si uestras per aures'? et 'forte' hic aliqua ratione. 

{{ancora+|377|[[Aeneis/Liber I#377|377.]]}} {{sc|'''forte sva'''}}  casu suo, id est quo solet. 'forte' autem nomen est a nominativo fors, ut Terentius &quot;fors fuat pol&quot;. ipse alibi &quot;quoniam fors omnia uersat&quot;. {{sc|'''libycis'''}} iam scit; audivit enim 'sed fines Libyci'. {{sc|'''appvlit oris'''}} figura supra dicta. 

{{ancora+|378|[[Aeneis/Liber I#378|378.]]}} {{sc|'''svm pivs aeneas'''}}  non est hoc loco arrogantia, sed indicium. nam scientibus aliquid de se dicere arrogantia est, ignotis indicium. aut certe heroum secutus est morem, quibus quam mentiri turpe fuerat, tam uera reticere. denique Vlixes in Homero ait suam famam ad caelum usque venisse: unde et iste 'fama super aethera notus'. aut certe uetuste pietatem pro religione posuit. Sallustius in Catilina &quot;uerum illi delubra deum pietate, domus suas gloria decorabant&quot;. Plautus in Pseudolo &quot;non potest pietati obsisti huic ututi res sunt ceterae, deos quidem, quos maxime est aequum metuere, eos minimi facit&quot;. sane 'pius' potest esse et purus et innocens et omni carens scelere. piare enim antiqui purgare dicebant; inde etiam piamina, quibus expurgant homines, et qui purgati non sunt impii. {{sc|'''raptos qvi ex hoste penates'''}} hoc est sum pius. {{sc|'''ex hoste penates'''}} optima locutio est, plusque significat de pluralitate ad singularitatem transire, ut 'venor multis canibus' et 'multa cane'. ut Horatius &quot;aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane apros in obstantes plagas&quot;. sane de diis penatibus licet uarias opiniones secutus sit Vergilius, omnes tamen diversis locis complexus est: nam alii, ut Nigidius et Labeo, deos penates Aeneae Neptunum et Apollinem tradunt, quorum mentio fit &quot;taurum Neptuno, taurum tibi, pulcher Apollo&quot;. Varro deos penates quaedam sigilla lignea uel marmorea ab Aenea in Italiam dicit aduecta, cuius rei ita Vergilius meminit &quot;effigies sacrae divum Phrygiique penates, quos mecum a Troia mediisque ex ignibus urbis extuleram&quot;. idem Varro hos deos Dardanum ex Samothraca in Phrygiam, de Phrygia Aeneam in Italiam memorat portavisse. alii autem, ut Cassius Hemina, dicunt deos penates ex Samothraca appellatos g-theous g-megalous, g-theous g-dunatous, g-theous g-chrehstous. quorum diversis locis ita meminit &quot;natoque penatibus et magnis dis&quot;, hoc est g-theous g-megalous, et iterum &quot;Iunonis magnae primum. dominamque potentem&quot; g-tous g-dunatous, et &quot;bona Iuno&quot; g-tous g-chrehstous. ecce ergo diversis locis omnia tria conplexus, quae omnia locis suis dicentur. 


{{ancora+|380|[[Aeneis/Liber I#380|380.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam qvaero'''}}  hoc loco distinguendum est; nam si iunxeris 'patriam', non procedit. patria enim, id est civitas, in provincia esse potest, non tamen ut ipsa provincia patria sit: licet in Sallustio lectum sit &quot;Hispaniam sibi antiquam patriam esse&quot;; sed illic ad laudem pertinet, non ad ueritatem. tria ergo dicit: provinciam quaero, hoc est 'Italiam'; 'patriam', hoc est Corythum, Tusciae civitatem, unde Dardanus fuit; 'genus ab Iove' ideo, quia ex Electra et Iove Dardanus Iasiusque nati sunt, Dardanus autem auctor est Troiae. et bene ad tria interrogata respondet, qui esset, unde venisset, quo tenderet. alibi de ipsa Italia Aeneas &quot;hic domus, haec patria est&quot;. melius sic distinguitur 'Italiam quaero patriam et genus ab Iove summo': ut mihi sit Italia patria, Iovis genus efficit, propter Dardanum scilicet. 

{{ancora+|381|[[Aeneis/Liber I#381|381.]]}} {{sc|'''phrygivm aeqvor'''}}  id est Hellespontum. {{sc|'''conscendi'''}} bene 'conscendi' secundum physicos, qui dicunt terram inferiorem esse, quia omne quod continetur supra illud est quod continet: unde est &quot;humilemque uidemus Italiam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|382|[[Aeneis/Liber I#382|382.]]}} {{sc|'''matre dea monstrante viam'''}}  hoc loco per transitum tangit historiam, quam per legem artis poeticae aperte non potest ponere. nam Varro in secundo divinarum dicit &quot;ex quo de Troia est egressus Aeneas, Veneris eum per diem cotidie stellam uidisse, donec ad agrum Laurentem veniret, in quo eam non uidit ulterius: qua re terras cognovit esse fatales&quot;: unde Vergilius hoc loco 'matre dea monstrante uiam' et &quot;eripe, nate, fugam&quot;, item &quot;nusquam abero&quot; et &quot;descendo ac ducente deo&quot; et &quot;iamque iugis summae surgebat lucifer Idae&quot;. quam stellam Veneris esse ipse Vergilius ostendit &quot;qualis ubi Oceani perfusus Lucifer unda, quem Venus ante alios astrorum diligit ignes&quot;. quod autem diximus eum poetica arte prohiberi, ne aperte ponat historiam, certum est. Lucanus namque ideo in numero poetarum esse non meruit, quia uidetur historiam composuisse, non poema. {{sc|'''data fata secvtvs'''}} scilicet a Iove. 

{{ancora+|383|[[Aeneis/Liber I#383|383.]]}} {{sc|'''convvlsae vndis evroqve svpersvnt'''}}  aut 'conuulsae undis Euroque', aut 'supersunt undis Euroque'. 'conuulsae' autem ideo, quia habes supra &quot;laxis laterum compagibus&quot; 

{{ancora+|384|[[Aeneis/Liber I#384|384.]]}} {{sc|'''ignotvs'''}} deest 'quasi'; nam contrarium est quod dixit 'fama super aethera notus'. facit autem hoc frequenter Vergilius, ut hanc particulam subtrahat, ut &quot;at medias inter caedes exultat Amazon&quot;, quasi Amazon; nam Vulsca fuit. {{sc|'''peragro'''}} per habet accentum; nam 'a' longa quidem est, sed non solida positione; muta enim et liquida quotiens ponuntur metrum iuvant, non accentum. 

{{ancora+|385|[[Aeneis/Liber I#385|385.]]}} {{sc|'''evropa atqve asia pvlsvs'''}}  aut orbem in tres partes divisit et absolutum est, quia in Africa positus, quae orbis pars tertia est: aut si Europam tantum et Asiam intellegimus, ut Africa in Europa sit, inuidiose locutus est, ut supra Venus &quot;cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis&quot;, quasi cum indignatione dicat, per Troiam Asia careo, per Italiam Europa. denique non passa Venus eius interrupit querelas. sane Europa Agenoris filia, a qua pars orbis nominata est. 

{{ancora+|386|[[Aeneis/Liber I#386|386.]]}} {{sc|'''dolore est'''}}  aut narrantis Aeneae, aut certe suo dolore; aequum enim est malis filii etiam ipsam moveri. 

{{ancora+|387|[[Aeneis/Liber I#387|387.]]}} {{sc|'''qvisqvis es'''}}  pleraque per concessionem sic tradit poeta, ut augmentum faciat. sicut hoc loco audiverat Venus 'sum pius Aeneas, fama super aethera notus' et cetera, dicit tamen 'quisquis es', hoc est, etiamsi haec in te non sint, hinc tamen constat esse felicem, quod venisti Carthaginem. item in secundo &quot;quisquis es, amissos hinc iam obliviscere Graios&quot;, hoc est, qualibet ratione contra nos bella susceperis. {{sc|'''havd credo invisvs caelestibvs'''}} litotes figura per contrarium significans, id est credo te esse carissimum superis: ut alibi &quot;munera nec sperno&quot;, supra &quot;mihi iussa capessere fas est&quot;. 'caelestibus' autem secundum Pythagoram et praecipue Platonem dixit, qui confirmant uivos esse superis caros, mortuos uero inferis. unde et Vergilius de Pallante &quot;et nil iam caelestibus ullis debentem&quot;, item contra &quot;uos o mihi manes este boni, quoniam superis aversa uoluntas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|388|[[Aeneis/Liber I#388|388.]]}} {{sc|'''avras vitales carpis'''}}  quibus uivimus. nihil est enim aliud uita, quam reciprocus spiritus: unde et Iuppiter, quo constant omnia, Zeus uocatur g-apo g-tehs g-zohes, id est uita. {{sc|'''carpis'''}} accipis modo, ut &quot;et placidam carpebant membra quietem&quot;. {{sc|'''tyriam'''}} carthaginem a colonis. {{sc|'''adveneris vrbem'''}} hysterologia ut supra, hoc est ad urbem veneris. {{sc|'''perge modo'''}} tantummodo: hoc est, haec tibi sola sit cura, nam liberatae sunt naves. 

{{ancora+|389|[[Aeneis/Liber I#389|389.]]}} {{sc|'''perfer'''}} imperativus modus est, ut &quot;fer cineres Amarylli foras&quot;. 


{{ancora+|390|[[Aeneis/Liber I#390|390.]]}} {{sc|'''redvces'''}} proprie 'reduces' dicuntur qui pericula evadunt: sic infra &quot;ut reduces illi ludunt&quot;, scilicet post periculum inlatum ab aquila. 

{{ancora+|391|[[Aeneis/Liber I#391|391.]]}} {{sc|'''versis aqvilonibvs'''}}  aut speciem pro genere posuit, hoc est mutatis uentis, aut quia, postquam ad Africam iter uerterunt, aduersus ante Aquilo coepit esse prosperrimus. 

{{ancora+|392|[[Aeneis/Liber I#392|392.]]}} {{sc|'''ni frvstra avgvrivm vani docvere parentes'''}}  hoc ad confirmandum errorem Aeneae dixit, ne divinando dea esse crederetur. et est argumentum ad fallaciam, ne intellegat deam. quod autem dicit 'uani parentes', aut hypallage est, id est uanum augurium, ut &quot;dare classibus austros&quot; et &quot;ibant obscuri sola sub nocte&quot; pro ipsi soli per obscuram noctem; aut certe 'uani parentes' qui res falsas et inanes docent. et per hoc decipere plerumque ostendit auguria. multi uolunt ad nimium hoc amorem parentum referri, qui teneritudine affectus etiam superflua liberos docent. quidam 'uani' mendaces tradunt. Sallustius in Iugurtha &quot;nam ego quidem uellem et haec quae scribo et illa quae antea in senatu questus sum uana forent potius, quam miseria mea fidem uerbis faceret&quot;. Terentius in Phormione ubi adulescens lenonem mendacii arguit &quot;non te pudet uanitatis?&quot; 

{{ancora+|393|[[Aeneis/Liber I#393|393.]]}} {{sc|'''bis senos cycnos'''}}  cycnos navibus comparat, aquilam tempestati. in auguriis autem considerandae sunt non solum aves, sed etiam uolatus, ut in praepetibus, et cantus, ut in oscinibus, quia nec omnes nec omnibus dant auguria: ut columbae non nisi regibus dant, quia numquam singulae uolant, sicut rex numquam solus incedit; unde in sexto &quot;maternas agnovit aves&quot; per transitum ostendit regis augurium. item cycni nullis dant nisi nautis, sicut lectum est in ornithogonia, &quot;cycnus in auguriis nautis gratissimus ales: hunc optant semper, quia numquam mergitur undis&quot;. cycnos tamen habere divinationem etiam Cicero in Tusculanis libro primo docet &quot;ut cycni, qui non sine causa Apollini dicati sunt, sed quod ab eo divinationem habere uideantur&quot;. {{sc|'''laetantes'''}} post periculum. {{sc|'''agmine'''}} uolatu, impetu. agmen autem apud Vergilium est cuiuslibet rei impetus, ut &quot;illi agmine certo&quot; et &quot;uocat agmina saeva sororum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|394|[[Aeneis/Liber I#394|394.]]}} {{sc|'''aetheria'''}} aether altior est aere, uicinus caelo, g-apo g-tou g-aithein, id est ardere. {{sc|'''iovis ales'''}} aquila, quae in tutela Iovis est, quia dicitur dimicanti ei contra Gigantes fulmina ministrasse: quod ideo fingitur, quia per naturam nimii est caloris, adeo ut etiam ova quibus supersidet possit coquere, nisi admoveat gagaten lapidem frigidissimum, ut testatur Lucanus &quot;feta tepefacta sub alite saxa&quot;. aut quia nec aquila nec laurus dicitur fulminari, ideo Iovis ales aquila, Iovis coronam lauream accepimus, et qui triumphant lauro coronantur. sane alites proprie dicuntur aves, quae uolatu auspicia faciunt, buteo sanqualis inmussulus aquila uulturius. sane de aquila est et alia fabula. apud Graecos legitur, puerum quendam terra editum admodum pulchrum membris omnibus fuisse, qui g-Aetos sit uocatus. hic cum Iuppiter propter patrem Saturnum, qui suos filios devorabat, in Creta insula in Idaeo antro nutriretur, primus in obsequium Iovis se dedit, post uero cum adolevisset Iuppiter et patrem regno pepulisset, Iuno permota forma pueri uelut paelicatus dolore eum in avem uertit, quae ab ipso g-aetos dicitur Graece, a nobis aquila propter aquilum colorem, qui ater est. quam semper Iuppiter sibi inhaerere praecipit et fulmina gestare: per hanc etiam Ganymedes cum amaretur a Iove dicitur raptus, quos Iuppiter inter sidera collocavit. et quia aquilae haec est natura, ut solem recto lumine spectet, signum quoque aquilae, quod in caelo est, orientem semper solem uidetur adtendere. alii dicunt ab hac avi Iovem raptum et ad latebras Cretenses perlatum, cum a Saturno ubique quaereretur. ipsam etiam Iovi, cum aduersus Titanas bellum gereret, obuolasse in augurium ac statim uictoriam consecutam, et ideo inter sidera collocatam. 

{{ancora+|395|[[Aeneis/Liber I#395|395.]]}} {{sc|'''ordine longo'''}}  non nulli pro serie dictum accipiunt, nam et 'coetu cinxere polum' uidetur ad ordinem rettulisse: quamuis quidam quaerant, quomodo 'ordine', cum mox 'coetu' dicat. 

{{ancora+|396|[[Aeneis/Liber I#396|396.]]}} {{sc|'''capere'''}} eligere, ut &quot;ante locum capies oculis&quot;. {{sc|'''despectare'''}} id est electas iam intentius despicere. 

{{ancora+|397|[[Aeneis/Liber I#397|397.]]}} {{sc|'''stridentibvs alis'''}}  signum augurii est. 

{{ancora+|398|[[Aeneis/Liber I#398|398.]]}} {{sc|'''coetv'''}} dicit Plinius Secundus in naturali historia, omnes aves colli longioris aut recto ordine uolare, ut pondus capitis praecedentis cauda sustentet: unde et prima plerumque deficiens relicto loco incipit esse postrema: aut in coetu se omnes inuicem sustinere; neque enim huiusmodi aves semel ad inferiora descendunt, sed paulatim per reflexos in gyrum uolatus. hoc autem uolatu imitantur litteras quasdam: unde et Lucanus &quot;et turbata perit dispersis littera pennis&quot;. {{sc|'''cantvsqve dedere'''}} adlusit ad nautas. multi tamen adserunt cycnos inter augurales aves non inveniri neque auguralibus commentariis eorum nomen inlatum, sed in libris reconditis lectum esse, posse quamlibet avem auspicium adtestari, maxime quia non poscatur. hoc enim interest inter augurium et auspicium, quod augurium et petitur et certis avibus ostenditur, auspicium qualibet avi demonstratur et non petitur: quod ipsum tamen species augurii est. sed Vergilius amat secretiora dicere; nam totum morem augurum exsecutus est proprietate uerborum. alites enim ostendit cum ait 'stridentibus alis', oscines uero cum dicit 'et coetu cinxere polum cantusque dedere'. hoc idem et de columbis fecit; nam et haec inter augurales aves dicuntur non inveniri, et tamen ex his augurium et postulari facit et ostendi: &quot;este duces o, si qua uia est, cursumque per auras dirigite in lucos&quot; et cetera. 

{{ancora+|399|[[Aeneis/Liber I#399|399.]]}} {{sc|'''pvppesqve tvae pvbesqve tvorvm'''}}  tropus synecdoche: a parte totum significat, ut Terentius &quot;o lepidum caput&quot;, id est lepidus homo. 'pubes' autem flos iuventutis. 


{{ancora+|400|[[Aeneis/Liber I#400|400.]]}} {{sc|'''ostia'''}} proprie ostia dicuntur exitus fluminum, sed modo abusus est, quia plerumque ostia ipsa pro portu sunt. 

{{ancora+|401|[[Aeneis/Liber I#401|401.]]}} {{sc|'''perge modo'''}}  exhortatio ad facilitatem rei. {{sc|'''dvcit via'''}} pro 'haec uia': et uidetur demonstrare. 

{{ancora+|402|[[Aeneis/Liber I#402|402.]]}} {{sc|'''avertens'''}} 'se' subaudis, hoc est cum averteretur, ut &quot;tum prora avertit&quot;. {{sc|'''rosea'''}} pulchra. 

{{ancora+|403|[[Aeneis/Liber I#403|403.]]}} {{sc|'''ambrosiaeqve comae'''}}  aut unguento deorum oblitae, hoc est ambrosia, aut certe abusive dixit 'divinae comae'. {{sc|'''ambrosiaeqve comae divinvm vertice odorem'''}} est hypallage, ut sit divinae comae ambrosiae odorem spiravere. 

{{ancora+|404|[[Aeneis/Liber I#404|404.]]}} {{sc|'''spiravere'''}} exhalaverunt. {{sc|'''vestis deflvxit'''}} quia dixit supra &quot;sinus collecta fluentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|405|[[Aeneis/Liber I#405|405.]]}} {{sc|'''vera'''}} bene 'uera' de qua ante dubitabatur. {{sc|'''incessv'''}} hoc uerbum apud Vergilium saepe pro honore ponitur, ut &quot;ast ego quae divum incedo regina&quot; et mox &quot;forma pulcherrima Dido incessit&quot;. {{sc|'''matrem agnovit'''}} nunc matrem agnoscit; nam deam esse iam superius dixerat. 

{{ancora+|406|[[Aeneis/Liber I#406|406.]]}} {{sc|'''fvgientem'''}} celeriter abscedentem, ut alibi &quot;ad terram fugit&quot;. {{sc|'''voce'''}} pro oratione. 

{{ancora+|407|[[Aeneis/Liber I#407|407.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid natvm totiens'''}}  saepe. et aut kata to siopomenon intellegimus saepe eum esse delusum; aut certe secundum ipsum Vergilium, qui ait in secundo &quot;cum mihi se non ante oculis tam clara uidendam obtulit&quot;. multi tamen uolunt in hoc ipso loco saepe eum esse deceptum, ut in habitu, in interrogatione, in responsione, in auguriis. uel 'totiens crudelis', quotiens fallis aut dissimulas. {{sc|'''tv qvoqve'''}} sicut Iuno ceterique dii, qui Troianis inimici sunt; quos et in secundo libro ostendit, ubi ait &quot;inimicaque Troiae numina magna deum&quot;. {{sc|'''falsis lvdis imaginibvs'''}} ideo quia uirginem, quia venatricem, quia Tyriam se dixerat. 

{{ancora+|408|[[Aeneis/Liber I#408|408.]]}} {{sc|'''cvr dextrae ivngere dextram'''}}  maiorum enim haec fuerat salutatio, cuius rei g-aition, id est causam Varro, Callimachum secutus, exposuit, adserens &quot;omnem eorum honorem dexterarum constitisse uirtute&quot;. ob quam rem hac se venerabantur corporis parte. 

{{ancora+|409|[[Aeneis/Liber I#409|409.]]}} {{sc|'''veras avdire et reddere voces'''}} ? sunt multae reciprocae elocutiones, ut hoc loco; sunt multae unius partis utrique sufficientes, ut 'tenemur amicitiis', ridiculum enim est si addas 'mutuis', cum amicitiae utrumque significent, sicut Fronto testatur. item sunt elocutiones, quarum una pars plena est: quae si conuertantur, habent aliquid superfluum. in Sallustio &quot;in tugurio mulieris ancillae&quot;: bene addidit 'ancillae'. at si dicas 'in tugurio ancillae mulieris', erit superfluum 'mulieris'; ancilla enim et condicionem ostendit et sexum. item &quot;res erat praetoribus nota solis&quot;. hoc suffecerat. male ergo addidit &quot;ignorabatur a ceteris&quot;. quod si conuertas, nihil esse superfluum invenitur. 


{{ancora+|410|[[Aeneis/Liber I#410|410.]]}} {{sc|'''talibvs incvsat'''}}  incusare proprie est superiorem arguere, ut in Terentio pater ad filium &quot;quid me incusas Clitipho?&quot; accusare uero uel parem uel inferiorem, ut in eodem ad maritum uxor &quot;me miseram, quae nunc quam ob causam accuser nescio&quot;. et hoc proprietatis est, licet usus male ista corrumpat. sciendum tamen est Terentium propter solam proprietatem omnibus comicis esse praepositum, quibus est quantum ad cetera spectat inferior. 

{{ancora+|411|[[Aeneis/Liber I#411|411.]]}} {{sc|'''at venvs'''}}  ordo est 'at Venus dea'. {{sc|'''obscvro aere'''}} nebula, cuius definitio est. 

{{ancora+|412|[[Aeneis/Liber I#412|412.]]}} {{sc|'''circvm dea fvdit'''}}  figura est tmesis, quae fit cum secto uno sermone aliquid interponimus, ut alibi &quot;septem subiecta trioni&quot;. sed hoc tolerabile est in sermone conposito, ceterum in simplici nimis est asperum; quod tamen faciebat antiquitas, ut &quot;saxo cere comminuit brum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|413|[[Aeneis/Liber I#413|413.]]}} {{sc|'''cernere ne qvis eos'''}}  causa cur fecerit. ex hoc enim pendent cetera quae sequuntur. 

{{ancora+|414|[[Aeneis/Liber I#414|414.]]}} {{sc|'''moliri'''}} hic pro struere posuit et per hoc facere, ut infra &quot;molirique arcem&quot;. {{sc|'''avt veniendi poscere cavsas'''}} scilicet ne saepe narrando crebrum patiatur dolorem. unde melius ad Aeneam refertur &quot;medio sic interfata dolore est&quot;. 'poscere' autem nunc inquirere, alias petere. et praeponitur magis accusativo casui, dicimus enim posco magistrum lectionem, non a magistro posco. 

{{ancora+|415|[[Aeneis/Liber I#415|415.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa paphvm'''}}  civitatem Cypri. et non sine ratione est quod in decimo libro plura sibi loca grata uel sacrata commemoret, hic ad Paphum solam abisse dicatur, quia Varro et plures referunt in hoc tantum templo Veneris quibusuis maximis in circuitu pluviis numquam inpluere. {{sc|'''svblimis'''}} divino incessu. {{sc|'''svblimis'''}} id est sublimiter, nomen pro aduerbio. 

{{ancora+|416|[[Aeneis/Liber I#416|416.]]}} {{sc|'''laeta'''}} ecce proprium Veneris epitheton. uel 'laeta', quia tectum nebula filium in tuto habebat, uel quod insulam suam repetat; uel ideo Paphum revisit laeta, quia serenis laeta congruunt, et necesse est ut laeta sit Venus ubi semper serenum est, quippe ubi pluere numquam dicatur. {{sc|'''sabaeo'''}} arabico. Arabiae autem tres sunt, inferior petrodes eudemon, in qua populi sunt Sabaei, apud quos nascitur tus. dicti autem Sabaei g-apo g-tou g-sebein, id est venerari, quod deos per ipsorum tura veneramur. 

{{ancora+|417|[[Aeneis/Liber I#417|417.]]}} {{sc|'''tvre calent arae sertisqve recentibvs halant'''}}  ecce unde supra dixit &quot;haud equidem tali me dignor honore&quot;, quia Aeneas hostias obtulerat, quarum hic mentio non fit. quod autem 'recentibus' dixit laus loci est, qui semper flore uestitur, ut omni tempore Veneri flores praesto esse uideantur. {{sc|'''sertis'''}} sertum et serta cum nihil adicitur dicimus, ut hoc loco: item alibi expressius &quot;serta procul, tantum capiti delapsa, iacebant&quot;. si autem sertos dixero, addo flores, si sertas, addo coronas, ut Lucanus &quot;accipiunt sertas nardo florente coronas&quot;. et hoc in multis nominibus observandum est, ut genus ex adiectione formetur: qua detracta in neutrum cedat necesse est, ut piscinalis locus, piscinalis cella, piscinale; sagmarius mulus, sagmaria mula, sagmarium. {{sc|'''halant'''}} pro olent. 

{{ancora+|418|[[Aeneis/Liber I#418|418.]]}} {{sc|'''corripvere viam'''}}  deest 'at illi'. {{sc|'''corripvere viam'''}} officium eundi celeriter arripuerunt; nec enim uia corripitur. 

{{ancora+|419|[[Aeneis/Liber I#419|419.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi plvrimvs'''}}  ex maxima parte urbi inminens. {{sc|'''qvi plvrimvs'''}} id est longus, ut ipse alio loco &quot;cui plurima ceruix&quot;, item &quot;cum se nux plurima&quot;, id est amygdala; longa namque est. 


{{ancora+|420|[[Aeneis/Liber I#420|420.]]}} {{sc|'''aspectat'''}} est ornatus cum animantur apsucha. {{sc|'''aspectat'''}} rei insensibili dat sensum. unde est illud in quarto de Atlante. item Sallustius &quot;Lyciae Pisidiaeque agros despectantem&quot;. {{sc|'''arces'''}} civitates, a parte totum. 

{{ancora+|421|[[Aeneis/Liber I#421|421.]]}} {{sc|'''miratvr molem aeneas'''}}  hoc ad ipsum refertur, {{sc|'''magalia qvondam'''}} hoc ad poetam; nec enim hoc novit Aeneas. 'magalia' uero antistoechon est; nam debuit magaria dicere, quia magar, non magal Poenorum lingua uillam significat. Cato originum quarto &quot;magalia aedificia quasi cohortes rotundas&quot; dicit. alii magalia casas Poenorum pastorales dicunt. de his Sallustius &quot;quae mapalia&quot; sunt circumiecta civitati suburbana aedificia magalia. et alii Cassius Hemina docet ita &quot;Sinuessae magalia addenda murumque circum ea&quot;. 

{{ancora+|422|[[Aeneis/Liber I#422|422.]]}} {{sc|'''miratvr portas strepitvmqve e'''}} - S- V- quidam hoc 'portas et uias magalia quondam miratur' non simpliciter dictum uolunt, quoniam prudentes Etruscae disciplinae aiunt apud conditores Etruscarum urbium non putatas iustas urbes, in quibus non tres portae essent dedicatae et tot uiae et tot templa, Iovis Iunonis Minervae. bene ergo miratur Aeneas, ubi fuerant magalia illic esse legitimam civitatem; nam et portas et uias uidebat et mox templum Iunoni ingens. {{sc|'''strata viarvm'''}} primi enim Poeni uias lapidibus stravisse dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|423|[[Aeneis/Liber I#423|423.]]}} {{sc|'''ardentes'''}} multi 'festinantes', ut &quot;iuvenum manus emicat ardens&quot; et &quot;ardet abire fuga&quot; et &quot;Laocoon ardens&quot;; sic enim dicit quotiens properantes uult ostendere: alii ardentes 'ingeniosi' accipiunt; nam per contrarium segnem, id est sine igni, ingenio carentem dicimus: unde et a Graeco venit catus, id est ingeniosus g-apo g-tou g-kaiesthai. {{sc|'''dvcere mvros'''}} exaedificare. {{sc|'''dvcere mvros'''}} hoc est construendo in longitudinem producere; proprie enim cum aedificantur muri duci dicuntur. Sallustius historiarum II. &quot;murum ab angulo dexteri lateris ad paludem haud procul remotam duxit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|424|[[Aeneis/Liber I#424|424.]]}} {{sc|'''moliriqve arcem'''}}  molibus factis extollere. {{sc|'''moliri'''}} est extruere, huic contrarium demoliri. {{sc|'''et manibvs svbvolvere saxa'''}} cur manibus? an quia adhuc machinae non erant? an ad construentium festinationem referre uoluit? 

{{ancora+|425|[[Aeneis/Liber I#425|425.]]}} {{sc|'''optare'''}} eligere, ut &quot;tuus o regina quid optes&quot;. et &quot;optavitque locum regno&quot;. {{sc|'''tecto'''}} ad tectum nota figura. {{sc|'''svlco'''}} fossa: civitas enim, non domus circumdatur sulco: ut alibi &quot;ausim uel tenui uitem committere sulco&quot;. {{sc|'''svlco'''}} fossa fundamentorum. 

{{ancora+|426|[[Aeneis/Liber I#426|426.]]}} {{sc|'''legvnt'''}} eligunt. {{sc|'''ivra'''}} id est loca ubi iura dicantur aut magistratus creentur. et bene post conditam civitatem addidit 'iura' et 'magistratus' 'sanctumque senatum'. legitur apud quosdam, Brutum eos qui se in eiciendis regibus iuvissent legisse in consilium, eumque ordinem senatum appellatum, quod una sensissent, quod patricii essent, patres conscriptos. alii patres a plebe in consilium senatus separatos tradunt, alii conscriptos qui post a Seruio Tullio e plebe electi sunt. alii senatum a senectute hominum, quibi allecti erant, dictum uolunt, qui apud Graecos g-gerousia appellatur. 'sanctum' autem ideo quia senatus sanctissimus ordo dicitur. 

{{ancora+|427|[[Aeneis/Liber I#427|427.]]}} {{sc|'''portvs effodivnt'''}}  id est Cothona faciunt. {{sc|'''portvs effodivnt'''}} ut portus scilicet faciant. et uere ait, nam Carthaginienses Cothone fossa utuntur, non naturali portu. {{sc|'''alta theatri fvndamenta'''}} hinc futura magnitudo cognoscitur, quod 'alta fundamenta' ait. bene autem post res publicas privatasque necessarias mentionem fecit theatri; aut quia ita Graecis urbs conditur, qui saepe spectaculis gaudent, aut, ut apud quosdam fuit, in honorem musicae scientiae. 

{{ancora+|428|[[Aeneis/Liber I#428|428.]]}} {{sc|'''colvmnas'''}} figurate 'columnas' 'decora' ait; diversis enim significationibus idem dixit. et ab eo quod est hoc decus corripitur decoris. 


{{ancora+|430|[[Aeneis/Liber I#430|430.]]}} {{sc|'''qvalis apes'''}}  ordo est 'qualis labor'. {{sc|'''qvalis apes'''}} tertiae declinationis genetivus pluralis et in 'ium' et in 'um' exit, sed tunc pro nostro arbitrio cum nominativus singularis 'ns' fuerit terminatus, ut amans et amantum et amantium dicimus. cum autem nominativus singularis 'r' fuerit terminatus, tantum in 'um' exit, ut pater patrum, murmur murmurum. reliqua uero nomina auctoritate firmamus, ut apis uel apum, uel apium. sane fabula de apibus talis est. apud Isthmon anus quaedam nomine Melissa fuit. hanc Ceres sacrorum suorum cum secreta docuisset, interminata est, ne cui ea quae didicisset aperiret; sed cum ad eam mulieres accessissent, ut ab ea primo blandimentis post precibus et praemiis elicerent, ut sibi a Cerere commissa patefaceret, atque in silentio perduraret, ab eisdem iratis mulieribus discerpta est. quam rem Ceres inmissa tam supra dictis feminis quam populo eius regionis pestilentia ulta est; de corpore uero Melissae apes nasci fecit. Latine autem g-melissa apis dicitur. {{sc|'''aestate nova'''}} incipiente, ut &quot;uere novo&quot;. et bene 'nova', quia est et adulta et praeceps secundum Sallustium. {{sc|'''florea'''}} pro florida, ut &quot;nemora inter frondea turbam&quot;. aut florentia, nec enim de flore erant facta: floream coronam dicimus. {{sc|'''rvra'''}} graece g-aroura dicuntur. g-aphaeresis ergo sermonem fecit Latinum. 

{{ancora+|431|[[Aeneis/Liber I#431|431.]]}} {{sc|'''exercet'''}} fatigat, ut &quot;nate Iliacis exercite fatis&quot;. hoc autem participium ab exercitu, id est militum multitudine, declinatione discernimus; nam nomen quartae declinationis est, participium secundae, ut uisus, huius uisi uel uisus; passus, huius passi uel passus; auditus, huius auditi uel auditus. {{sc|'''exercet'''}} fatigat et subiecit, quibus rebus exercitae fatigentur. {{sc|'''svb sole'''}} in sole, ut &quot;namque sub ingenti lustrat dum singula templo&quot;, uel quamdiu sol est. {{sc|'''gentis fetvs'''}} ad laudem apum hoc pertinet. et bene 'gentis fetus', quia non singulae de singulis nascuntur, sed omnes ex omnibus, quod in quarto georgicorum melius intellegitur. 

{{ancora+|432|[[Aeneis/Liber I#432|432.]]}} {{sc|'''advltos edvcvnt'''}}  producunt, quia adhuc adolescunt, ut adulti fiant, non adoleverint, ut adultos dicimus minores: et hoc sic dixit, ut &quot;inbellem avertis Romanis arcibus Indum&quot;. {{sc|'''liqventia'''}} defaecata, sine sordibus, ut &quot;nec tantum dulcia, quantum et liquida&quot;, id est pura: nam pura mella constat esse meliora. 

{{ancora+|433|[[Aeneis/Liber I#433|433.]]}} {{sc|'''stipant'''}} densent. translatio a navibus, in quibus stipula interponitur uasis, quam stipam dicunt. {{sc|'''distendvnt'''}} implent, ut &quot;denso distendere pingui&quot;. {{sc|'''nectare'''}} melle: abusus est propter suavitatis similitudinem. {{sc|'''cellas'''}} et hic abusus est, ut favorum cavernas uel aluearia cellas uocaret, ut alibi thesauros. traxit autem a reponendi similitudine, uel a celando, unde cellam appellaverunt. {{sc|'''agmine'''}} nunc impetu. 

{{ancora+|435|[[Aeneis/Liber I#435|435.]]}} {{sc|'''ignavvm'''}} inutile, non aptum industriae; nam industrios navos dicimus. {{sc|'''fvcos'''}} secundum Plinium apum multa sunt genera. proprie tamen apes uocantur ortae de bubus, fuci de equis, crabrones de mulis, uespae de asinis. fucus autem est secundum Aemilium Macrum &quot;maior ape, crabrone minor&quot;. {{sc|'''pecvs'''}} dicimus omne quod humana lingua et effigie caret, id est a pascendo. unde Horatius &quot;omne cum Proteus pecus egit altos uisere montes&quot;. Plautus &quot;clurinum pecus&quot; simiam dixit. {{sc|'''praesepibvs'''}} alueariis. et est translatio, quae fit quotiens uel deest uerborum proprietas, uel uitatur iteratio. 

{{ancora+|436|[[Aeneis/Liber I#436|436.]]}} {{sc|'''fervet'''}} concelebratur, ut contra 'friget' cessat dicimus, ut Terentius &quot;nimirum hic homines frigent&quot;. {{sc|'''redolent'''}} quidam olere res uel malas uel bonas, redolere tantum bonas tradunt. {{sc|'''fragrantia'''}} quotiens incendium significatur, quod flatu alitur, per 'l' dicimus, quotiens odor, qui fracta specie maior est, per 'r' dicimus. sciendum sane nihil in hac uacare conparatione. nam Poenorum operi apum labor, custodiae litorum aduersum alienigenas fucorum conparatur expulsio. 

{{ancora+|437|[[Aeneis/Liber I#437|437.]]}} {{sc|'''o fortvnati qvorvm iam moenia svrgvnt'''}}  bene 'fortunati', quia iam faciunt quod ipse desiderat. {{sc|'''o fortvnati'''}} expressit Aeneae desiderium. {{sc|'''qvorvm iam moenia svrgvnt'''}} laus uel ab ipsa re sumitur quae laudatur. 

{{ancora+|438|[[Aeneis/Liber I#438|438.]]}} {{sc|'''fastigia'''}} nunc operis summitates, alibi ima significat, ut &quot;forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras&quot;. {{sc|'''svspicit'''}} miratur, ut e contrario 'despicit' contemnit significat. 

{{ancora+|439|[[Aeneis/Liber I#439|439.]]}} {{sc|'''mirabile dictv'''}}  ob hoc quod sequitur, quia mixtus cunctis latebat. potest tamen hoc et superiori et inferiori sensui addi. 


{{ancora+|440|[[Aeneis/Liber I#440|440.]]}} {{sc|'''per medios'''}}  figura est; nam planum fuerat 'mediis se infert'. {{sc|'''miscetqve'''}} deest 'se'. {{sc|'''neqve cernitvr vlli'''}} neque ab ullo cernitur; et est Graecum g-oudeni g-horohmenos, ut &quot;scriberis Vario&quot;, id est scribet te Varius. 

{{ancora+|441|[[Aeneis/Liber I#441|441.]]}} {{sc|'''lvcvs'''}} ubicumque Vergilius lucum ponit, sequitur etiam consecratio, ut &quot;luco tum forte parentis Pilumni Turnus sacrata ualle sedebat&quot;. unde et in sexto &quot;nulli certa domus, lucis habitamus opacis&quot;; dicuntur enim heroum animae lucos tenere. et mox sequitur 'hic templum Iunoni ingens'. 'lucus' autem dicitur quod non luceat, non quod sint ibi lumina causa religionis, ut quidam uolunt. {{sc|'''in vrbe fvit media'''}} nunc iam in media. {{sc|'''laetissimvs vmbra'''}} aut septimus est, aut secundum Probum genetivus, ut sit 'laetissimus umbrae', sicut Sallustius &quot;frugum pabulique laetus ager&quot;. 

{{ancora+|442|[[Aeneis/Liber I#442|442.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo primvm'''}}  hoc est, simulac venerunt; nec enim secundo ad Africam uentum est. ordo est 'quo primum loco'. 

{{ancora+|443|[[Aeneis/Liber I#443|443.]]}} {{sc|'''effodere loco signvm'''}}  historia hoc habet, quam more suo Vergilius per transitum tangit. Dido fratrem fugiens cum transiret per quandam insulam Iunonis, illic accepit oraculum et sacerdotem eius secum abstulit, cum ei parum crederet promittenti Carthaginis sedes. quo cum venissent, sacerdos elegit locum faciendae urbi, quo effosso inuentum est caput bovis. quod cum displicuisset, quia bos semper subiugatus est, alio loco effosso caput equi inuentum placuit, quia hoc animal licet subiugetur, bellicosum tamen est et uincit et plerumque concordat, ut ipse plenissime in illo loco &quot;bello armantur equi, bellum haec armenta minantur. sed tamen idem olim curru succedere sueti quadrupedes et frena iugo concordia ferre: spes est pacis ait&quot;. illic ergo Iunoni templa fecerunt. unde et bellicosa est Carthago per equi omen, et fertilis per bovis. sane fodere est tantum sollicitare terram, effodere hoc ipsum faciendo aliquid eruere uel invenire: cui contrarium est infodere. ordo autem est 'lucus in urbe fuit media laetissimus umbra, quo loco iactati Poeni undis et turbine effodere caput acris equi, quod regia Iuno signum monstraverat'. {{sc|'''regia'''}} regina. 

{{ancora+|444|[[Aeneis/Liber I#444|444.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod regia ivno monstrarat'''}}  monstro dederat. et ut diximus tangit historiam. {{sc|'''acris eqvi'''}} epitheton magis aptum equis, ut &quot;canibus blandis&quot;, quia natura blandi sunt. 

{{ancora+|445|[[Aeneis/Liber I#445|445.]]}} {{sc|'''et facilem victv'''}}  propter bovem: quod licet nunc non dicat, tamen ex historia sumit. 'facilem' autem, copiosam, divitem. Terentius &quot;quam uos facillime agitis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|446|[[Aeneis/Liber I#446|446.]]}} {{sc|'''hic templvm ivnoni ingens'''}}  superius dictum est quod Vergilius ubique lucos consecratos uelit accipi, unde tamquam in loco sacro inducit Didonem Iunoni templa construere. morem autem Romanum ueterem tangit: antiqui enim aedes sacras ita templa faciebant, ut prius per augures locus liberaretur effareturque, tum demum a pontificibus consecraretur, ac post ibidem sacra edicerentur. erant tamen templa in quibus auspicato et publice res administrarentur et senatus haberi posset, erant tantum sacra. hic ergo et sacrum templum, quod in luco, id est in loco sacro conditur, docet, et administrari in templo rem publicam subsequentibus uersibus indicat 'iura dabat legesque uiris operumque laborem p- a- i- a- s- t-' alibi tantum sacra esse templa, alibi omnia ubi agi posse, locis suis monstrabitur. {{sc|'''sidonia'''}} licet ⟨et⟩ Sidon civitas sit Phoenices, tamen hic pro Tyria posuit. sane quidam opportune hic Sidoniam uolunt positam, ut ostenderet locupletem: Sidonii enim locupletes habiti sunt, ut &quot;Sidonias ostentat opes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|447|[[Aeneis/Liber I#447|447.]]}} {{sc|'''donis opvlentvm et nvmine divae'''}}  aut simulacrum quoque aureum fuit et numen pro simulacro posuit, ut &quot;media inter numina divum&quot;. hinc Cicero &quot;sese iam ne deos quidem ad quos confugerent habere&quot;; aut uult ostendere plenum esse praesentia numinis templum: aut certe venerabile numine. 

{{ancora+|448|[[Aeneis/Liber I#448|448.]]}} {{sc|'''aerea'''}} uel quod aes magis ueteres in usu habebant, uel quod religioni apta est haec materies, denique flamen Dialis aereis cultris tondebatur: aut quia uocalius ceteris metallis, aut quia medici aere quaedam uulnera curant, aut dicit quia ueteres magis aere usi sunt aut certe aerea saecula significantur: nam ut Hesiodus dicit, tempore quo haec gesta sunt aereum saeculum fuit. {{sc|'''nexaeqve aere trabes'''}} multi 'nixae' legunt, non 'nexae', iuxta Varronem qui ait &quot;trisulcae fores, pessulis libratae, dehiscunt, graves atque innixae in cardinum tardos turbines&quot;. quidam trabes aeneas putant ipsum templum chalkioikon significari. uersus sane ipse hypermetros est. 

{{ancora+|449|[[Aeneis/Liber I#449|449.]]}} {{sc|'''foribvs'''}} fores proprie dicuntur quae foras aperiuntur, sicut apud ueteres fuit; ualuae autem sunt, ut dicit Varro, &quot;quae revoluuntur et se uelant&quot;. ianua autem est primus domus ingressus, dicta quia Iano consecratum est omne principium. cetera intra ianuam ostia uocantur generaliter, sive ualuae sint, sive fores: quamuis usus ista corruperit. CARDO 'cardo' dictus quasi cor ianuae, quo movetur. {{sc|'''stridebat aenis'''}} ad sua rettulit tempora. cautum enim fuerat post proditum hostibus a Tarpeia uirgine Capitolium, ut aerei cardines fierent, quorum stridor posset aperta ostia omnibus indicare. 


{{ancora+|450|[[Aeneis/Liber I#450|450.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc primvm in lvco'''}}  secuta sunt enim et alia, quae detraxere formidinem. {{sc|'''timorem'''}} multi quaerunt, cur post uisam matrem quicquam timuerit: quod tamen alii sic soluunt, ut dicant, ne tunc quidem Aeneam Venerem quam uiderat esse credidisse, cuius, ut ipse putabat, agnitae nulla uerba perceperat. sed uera solutio haec est: Venus nihil de Afrorum moribus, unde nunc formidat Aeneas, sed de classe liberata dixerat filio. uel quia non in totum Aeneas matris fiducia confirmandus est, ne nihil supersit magnanimitati et laudibus uiri fortis. sciendum tamen est in Vergilio interdum ualidiora esse obiecta purgatis, uel contra, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|451|[[Aeneis/Liber I#451|451.]]}} {{sc|'''leniit'''}} quartae coniugationis tempus praeteritum perfectum uel in 'ui' iunctam exit, uel sublata digammo in 'ii' pro nostro arbitrio, ut lenivi lenii, audivi audii. sane cum in 'ui' exit, paenultima longa est et ipsa accentum retinet; cum uero in 'ii', paenultima brevis est et perdit accentum, quia, ut supra diximus &quot;unius ob noxam&quot;, quotiens uocalis uocalem sequitur detrahit longitudinem praecedenti; sed hoc in metro, ubi necessitas cogit; nam in prosa et naturam suam et accentum retentat. nunc ergo 'leniit' tertia a fine habet accentum, quia paenultima brevis est. sane plerumque accentum suum retinet etiam sermo corruptus, ut Mercuri Domiti ovidi tertia a fine habere debuit accentum, quia paenultima brevis est, sed constat haec nomina apocopen pertulisse: nam apud maiores idem erat uocativus qui et nominativus, ut hi Mercurius et o Mercurius: unde 'cu' licet brevis sit, etiam post apocopen suum servat accentum. 

{{ancora+|452|[[Aeneis/Liber I#452|452.]]}} {{sc|'''avsvs'''}} bene 'ausus', quia inter incerta satis audacter salus speratur. ADFLICTIS 'de adflictis'; nec enim esse septimus casus potest. CONFIDERE ⟨et⟩ fido et confido dativum regit, ut &quot;et fidere nocti&quot;. sane optima figura est quae numquam a principalitate discedit, ut &quot;atque humiles habitare casas&quot; accusativo iunxit, quia habeo domum dicimus, unde est habito frequentativum. 

{{ancora+|453|[[Aeneis/Liber I#453|453.]]}} {{sc|'''svb templo'''}}  hoc est in templo, ut supra. 

{{ancora+|454|[[Aeneis/Liber I#454|454.]]}} {{sc|'''reginam opperiens'''}}  aut quam intellegebat esse uenturam ex artificum festinatione: aut certe uidendae reginae occasionem requirens. {{sc|'''qvae fortvna'''}} felicitas. et 'quae' hic admirandi significatus. 

{{ancora+|455|[[Aeneis/Liber I#455|455.]]}} {{sc|'''artificvmqve manvs inter se'''}}  hoc est, habebat artificum conparationem. 'inter se' autem inter se certantium, an aliquid tale. 

{{ancora+|456|[[Aeneis/Liber I#456|456.]]}} {{sc|'''ex ordine'''}}  hoc loco ostendit omnem pugnam esse depictam, sed haec tantum dicit quae aut Diomedes gessit aut Achilles: per quod excusatur Aeneas, si est a fortibus uictus. sane pugna est temporale certamen, idem et proelium significat; bellum autem universi temporis dicitur, ut Punicum, Mithridaticum. Sallustius &quot;ita sperat pugnam illam pro omni bello futuram&quot;. Livius &quot;ni Pyrrhus unicus pugnandi artifex magisque in proelio, quam bello bonus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|457|[[Aeneis/Liber I#457|457.]]}} {{sc|'''totvm vvlgata per orbem'''}}  quia Europa intulit, Asia passa est, Africa iam depingit. 

{{ancora+|458|[[Aeneis/Liber I#458|458.]]}} {{sc|'''atridas'''}} Atrei filios, Agamemnonem et Menelaum; sed usurpatum est, nam Plisthenis filii fuerunt. {{sc|'''saevvm ambobvs achillem'''}} atqui tres dixit, sed Atridas pro uno accipe, quos unius partis constat fuisse. an 'ambobus' Agamemnoni tantum et Priamo? an ambobus exercitibus? Graecis propter suam de Briseide iniuriam, Troianis propter Helenam, et 'ambobus' pro utrisque arte hunc. 


{{ancora+|460|[[Aeneis/Liber I#460|460.]]}} {{sc|'''plena laboris'''}}  plenus genetivo melius iungitur, ut Terentius &quot;plenus rimarum sum&quot;. Plautus &quot;dedecoris pleniorem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|461|[[Aeneis/Liber I#461|461.]]}} {{sc|'''en priamvs'''}}  laus picturae est, per quam non imago, sed prope ipse ostenditur Priamus. {{sc|'''svnt hic etiam sva praemia lavdi'''}} ut supra diximus, omnis Aeneae sollicitudo de moribus Afrorum est, quam nunc picturae contemplatione deponit. qui enim bella depingunt, et uirtutem diligunt et miseratione tanguntur. {{sc|'''sva'''}} id est congrua, ut &quot;strueremque suis altaria donis&quot;. {{sc|'''lavdi'''}} uirtuti, ut &quot;primam merui qui laude coronam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|462|[[Aeneis/Liber I#462|462.]]}} {{sc|'''mortalia'''}} aduersa, quibus constat subiacere mortales. alii mortales casus accipiunt, uel absolute g-ta g-anthrohpina. 

{{ancora+|463|[[Aeneis/Liber I#463|463.]]}} {{sc|'''solve metvm'''}}  collectio est. nam ubi uirtus praemia, aduersa miserationem merentur, rite formido deponitur. {{sc|'''feret'''}} pro adferet. et hic reddidit &quot;hoc primum in luco nova res oblata timorem leniit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|464|[[Aeneis/Liber I#464|464.]]}} {{sc|'''inani'''}} epitheton est picturae, aut quia caret corporum quae imitatur plenitudine, aut quia nullius est utilitatis, sed tantum delectat; nam apud ueteres g-mataiotechnia uel g-pseudotechnia dicta est. 'pascit' autem delectat, ut &quot;non animum modo uti pascat prospectus inanem&quot;; uel ut quidam uolunt ad stupentis animum rettulit, qui uel inanibus commovebatur. 

{{ancora+|465|[[Aeneis/Liber I#465|465.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta gemens'''}}  graecum est g-polla g-stenazohn. {{sc|'''largoqve vmectat flvmine vvltvm'''}} tapinosis est quia dixit 'umectat'. 'largo' nam 'flumine' est fluore, id est fluxu ipso. 

{{ancora+|466|[[Aeneis/Liber I#466|466.]]}} {{sc|'''pergama circvm'''}}  abusive; non enim circa Pergama, hoc est arcem, sed circa Troiam bella gerebantur. 

{{ancora+|467|[[Aeneis/Liber I#467|467.]]}} {{sc|'''troianae ivventvs'''}}  definitio est Hectoris, ut &quot;Catillusque acerque Coras, Argiva iuventus&quot;. et re uera sic paene ubique Homerus ponit, ut Hectori tantum uel Achilli totus cedat exercitus. 

{{ancora+|468|[[Aeneis/Liber I#468|468.]]}} {{sc|'''hac phryges'''}}  bene ubique Vergilius pro negotii qualitate dat Troianis et nomina. nam timidos Phrygas uocat, ut hoc loco, item &quot;o uere Phrygiae, neque enim Phryges&quot;; Dardanidas generosos, ut &quot;Dardanidae magni genus alto a sanguine divum&quot;; Laomedontiadas perfidos, ut &quot;nondum Laomedonteae sentis periuria gentis&quot;; Troas fortes, ut &quot;Troes agunt, princeps turmas inducit Asilas&quot;; Hectoreos quoque fortes, ut &quot;nunc nunc insurgite remis, Hectorei socii&quot;. {{sc|'''cristatvs achilles'''}} secundum Homerum, qui dicit in Achillis cristis terribile quiddam fuisse. 'cristatus' autem participium est derivatum a genere feminino. 

{{ancora+|469|[[Aeneis/Liber I#469|469.]]}} {{sc|'''nec procvl hinc rhesi'''}}  Rhesus rex Thraciae fuit, ⟨ut⟩ quidam tradunt Martis, ut alii Hebri uel Strymonis et Euterpes Musae filius: qui cum ad Troiae venisset auxilia clausisque iam portis tentoria locavisset in litore, Dolone prodente Troiano, qui missus fuerat speculator, a Diomede et Vlixe est interfectus, qui et ipsi speculatum venerant; abductique sunt equi, quibus pendebant fata Troiana, ut, si pabulo Troiano usi essent uel de Xantho Troiae fluvio bibissent, Troia perire non posset. 


{{ancora+|470|[[Aeneis/Liber I#470|470.]]}} {{sc|'''primo somno'''}}  prima parte noctis, ut &quot;libra die somnique pares ubi fecerit horas&quot;. aut 'primo somno', ut graviorem ostenderet somnum; aut prima nocte, quia ante Rhesus in Troia non fuerat. 

{{ancora+|471|[[Aeneis/Liber I#471|471.]]}} {{sc|'''tydides'''}} Diomedes. et bene Vlixen celat propter Aeneam, ut supra diximus, aut quia secundum Homerum occidente Diomede cadavera ulixes trahebat. 

{{ancora+|472|[[Aeneis/Liber I#472|472.]]}} {{sc|'''ardentes'''}} et candidos significat et ueloces, ut &quot;pernicibus ignea plantis&quot;. si ignea uelox est, sine dubio et ardens. 

{{ancora+|473|[[Aeneis/Liber I#473|473.]]}} {{sc|'''xanthvm'''}} fluvium Troiae. 

{{ancora+|474|[[Aeneis/Liber I#474|474.]]}} {{sc|'''parte alia fvgiens amissis troilvs armis'''}}  'parte alia' scilicet templi. et ueritas quidem hoc habet: Troili amore Achillem ductum palumbes ei quibus ille delectabatur obiecisse: quas cum uellet tenere, captus ab Achille in eius amplexibus periit. sed hoc quasi indignum heroo carmine mutavit poeta. {{sc|'''fvgiens'''}} fugere uolens accepto iam uulnere. {{sc|'''amissis armis'''}} uel aetatis inbecillitate, uel uulneris dolore incipientibus. 

{{ancora+|475|[[Aeneis/Liber I#475|475.]]}} {{sc|'''infelix'''}} multi hoc loco distinguunt et subiungunt 'puer atque inpar congressus Achilli', ut ex eo inparem ostendat, quod puer; sed tamen etiam si iungas 'puer', unus est sensus. {{sc|'''atqve inpar'''}} ac si diceret, etiam si puer non esset. {{sc|'''congressvs achilli'''}} congredior tibi antiqui dicebant, sicut pugno tibi, dimico tibi. hodie dicimus congredior tecum, pugno tecum, dimico tecum. 

{{ancora+|476|[[Aeneis/Liber I#476|476.]]}} {{sc|'''fertvr eqvis'''}}  trahitur. {{sc|'''cvrrv'''}} curribus falcatis usos esse maiores et Livius et Sallustius docent. potuerunt ergo et simplicibus. {{sc|'''resvpinvs'''}} resupinus quo modo hastam trahebat? sed intellegitur Achillis hastam transisse per pectus et a parte qua ferrum est a tergo trahi. {{sc|'''inani'''}} sine rectore; nam corpus haerebat. 

{{ancora+|477|[[Aeneis/Liber I#477|477.]]}} {{sc|'''lora tenens tamen'''}}  quamquam mortuus. 

{{ancora+|478|[[Aeneis/Liber I#478|478.]]}} {{sc|'''versa'''}} tracta, ut Plautus &quot;inveniam omnia uersa, sparsa&quot;. venit autem ab eo quod est uerror. {{sc|'''inscribitvr'''}} dilaceratur, ut Plautus &quot;corpus tuum uirgis ulmeis inscribam&quot;. {{sc|'''hasta'''}} hostili scilicet, quam sicut dictum est transfixus trahebat. 

{{ancora+|479|[[Aeneis/Liber I#479|479.]]}} {{sc|'''interea'''}} dum haec geruntur. et satis opportune a matribus festinatur ad templum, ut alibi &quot;nec non ad templum summasque ad Palladis arces&quot;. {{sc|'''interea ad templvm'''}} cum Diomedes auxilio Minervae plurimos Troianorum fudisset, Helenus, Priami filius, uates monuit, ut Minervae numen exoraretur, et cum precibus deae ponerent uestem quam regina speciosissimam habebat, id est peplum, unde post Minervae palla peplum appellata est. dea tamen, memor iudicii Paridis, Troianis infesta permansit. et mire in pictura temporali aduerbio quamuis non possit. {{sc|'''non aeqvae'''}} id est iniquae, infestae. litotes figura est, ut alibi &quot;et uacuis Clanius non aequus acerris&quot;. 


{{ancora+|480|[[Aeneis/Liber I#480|480.]]}} {{sc|'''passis'''}} participium est ab eo quod est 'pandor'. ideo autem non facit 'pansus', quia plerumque 'n', quod in prima uerbi positione invenitur, in praeterito participio non est. de qua re euphonia iudicat, ut ab eo quod est 'tundor' et 'tunsus' facit, ut &quot;tunsae pectora palmis&quot;, et 'tusus', ut &quot;non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni&quot;. sciendum tamen est, licet alia euphoniae causa uarientur uel in generibus uel in numeris, 'nactus' tamen et 'passus' 'n' penitus numquam accipere. {{sc|'''peplvmqve ferebant'''}} peplum proprie est palla picta feminea Minervae consecrata, ut Plautus &quot;numquam ad civitatem venio, nisi cum infertur peplum&quot;. hodie tamen multi abutuntur hoc nomine. 

{{ancora+|481|[[Aeneis/Liber I#481|481.]]}} {{sc|'''svppliciter tristes'''}}  ut decet rogantes. et bene addidit 'suppliciter', quia et per iracundiam, et per gravitatem, et per religionem, et per dolorem tristes sumus. {{sc|'''svppliciter tristes'''}} hoc est rogantes cum tristitia. {{sc|'''tvnsae pectora'''}} ut &quot;oculos suffusa&quot;. 

{{ancora+|482|[[Aeneis/Liber I#482|482.]]}} {{sc|'''aversa'''}} irata significat. nec enim poterat conuertere se simulacrum. sic alibi &quot;talia dicentem iamdudum aversa tuetur&quot; si tuetur, quomodo aversa, nisi iratam intellegas? ergo aversa ad animum refertur. 

{{ancora+|483|[[Aeneis/Liber I#483|483.]]}} {{sc|'''ter circvm iliacos'''}}  hoc ad Aeneam referendum est, qui sciebat. {{sc|'''ter circvm iliacos'''}} apud auctores multa ad sensum, non ad aspectum possunt referri. tertio enim tractum intellegere possumus, non in pictura conspicere. unde est et illud &quot;mulcere alternos et corpora fingere lingua&quot;. aut certe tale erat in pictura corpus, ut in eo appareret frequentis raptationis iniuria. sane huius rei ordo talis est. Patroclus cum iratum Achillem propter Briseidem sublatam ut aduersum Troianos pugnaret exorare non posset, petit ab eo arma quae Peleo Vulcanus fecerat; quibus indutus dum Achilles crederetur, fugatis Troianis omnibus etiam plurimos interemit, ipse uero ab Hectore occisus est. quo dolore Achilles conpulsus, inpetratis per matrem a Vulcano armis, Hectorem proelio superatum peremit, eiusque corpus ad currum religatum circa muros Ilii traxit, quod post placatus auro repensum Priamo reddidit. {{sc|'''raptaverat'''}} bene forma usus est frequentativa, per quam ostendit quod per numerum dixerat. 

{{ancora+|484|[[Aeneis/Liber I#484|484.]]}} {{sc|'''exanimvm'''}} exanimus et exanimis dicimus, sicut unanimus et unanimis, inermus et inermis. ergo pro nostro arbitrio aut secundae erunt declinationis, aut tertiae; sed a tertia ablativum singularem in i mittunt, quia communis sunt generis. exanimis autem est mortuus, ut hic indicat locus, exanimatus uero timens, ut &quot;exanimata sequens inpingeret agmina muris&quot;. {{sc|'''vendebat'''}} ingenti arte utitur uerbis: nam hoc loco, quia pingi potuit, praesens tempus posuit, superius, quia pingi non potuit, sed referri, perfecto exsecutus est tempore dicendo 'raptaverat', non 'raptabat'. 

{{ancora+|485|[[Aeneis/Liber I#485|485.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm vero ingentem gemitvm'''}}  iam enim superius eum lacrimasse dixerat: hoc ergo addidit uisum Hectoris corpus, ut etiam graviter gemeret. non ergo tum primum, sed tum maxime. 

{{ancora+|486|[[Aeneis/Liber I#486|486.]]}} {{sc|'''vt cvrrvs'''}}  quo tractus est. {{sc|'''amici'''}} autem plus est, quam si Hectoris diceret. alibi &quot;paruumque patri tendebat Iulum&quot;, cum potuerit dicere 'mihi'. 

{{ancora+|487|[[Aeneis/Liber I#487|487.]]}} {{sc|'''manvs inermes'''}}  aut sine sceptro, aut supplices, ut &quot;dextras tendamus inermes&quot;: quod tractum est de historia; qui enim se dedunt, inermes supplicant. aut re uera inermes tunc; contra Pyrrhum enim processit armatus. sane per transitum historiam tetigit, quia constat Priamum, cum ad supplicandum tentorium Achillis fuisset ingressus, dormientem Achillem excitavisse, ut pro filii corpore rogaret eum, cum eum potuisset occidere: licet hoc Homerus propter Achillis turpitudinem supprimat. 

{{ancora+|488|[[Aeneis/Liber I#488|488.]]}} {{sc|'''se qvoqve principibvs permixtvm agnovit achivis'''}}  aut latenter proditionem tangit, ut supra diximus: ut excusatur ab ipso in secundo &quot;Iliaci cineres&quot; et cetera: aut uirtutem eius uult ostendere; nimiae enim fortitudinis est inter hostium tela uersari, ut Sallustius &quot;Catilina longe a suis inter hostilia cadavera repertus est&quot;. Cornutus tamen dicit uersu isto &quot;uadimus inmixti Danais&quot; hoc esse soluendum. 

{{ancora+|489|[[Aeneis/Liber I#489|489.]]}} {{sc|'''eoas'''}} 'e' naturaliter longa est, fit tamen brevis interdum cum eam uocalis sequitur, ut &quot;primo surgebat Eoo&quot;. {{sc|'''nigri memnonis arma'''}} quia Tithonus, frater Laomedontis, raptus ab Aurora filium suum Memnonem ex ipsa progenitum, inlectus dono uitis aureae Priamo ad Troiae misit auxilia. qui congressus cum Achille ab eo est interemptus, cuius mortem mater Aurora hodieque matutino rore flere dicitur. 'nigri' autem dixit Aethiopis, unde prima consurgit Aurora. {{sc|'''arma'''}} vulcania, ut ille indicat uersus &quot;te potuit lacrimis Tithonia flectere coniunx&quot;. 


{{ancora+|490|[[Aeneis/Liber I#490|490.]]}} {{sc|'''dvcit amazonidvm'''}}  hoc est quod supra dixit &quot;uidet Iliacas ex ordine pugnas&quot;. Homerus enim haec omnia tacuit quae facta sunt post Hectoris mortem. 'Amazonidum' autem derivatio est pro principalitate, sicut &quot;Scipiadas duros bello&quot; pro Scipionibus. sane Amazones dictae sunt uel quod simul uivant sine uiris, quasi g-hama g-zosai, uel quod unam mammam exustam habeant, quasi g-aneu g-mazou. has autem iam non esse constat, utpote extinctas partim ab Hercule, partim ab Achille. {{sc|'''peltis'''}} scutis brevissimis in modum lunae iam mediae. {{sc|'''lvnatis'''}} autem participium a feminino genere derivatum. 

{{ancora+|491|[[Aeneis/Liber I#491|491.]]}} {{sc|'''penthesilea fvrens'''}}  furentem ideo dixit, quia sororem suam in venatione confixit simulans se cervam ferire. sed hoc per transitum tangit, nam furor bellicus intellegitur. an 'furens', quia maiora uiribus audebat. haec tamen Martis et Otreres filia fuit, quam Achilles cum aduersum se pugnantem peremisset post mortem eius adamavit eamque honorifice sepelivit. 'ducit' autem et 'ardet' ad laudem picturae pertinet. 

{{ancora+|492|[[Aeneis/Liber I#492|492.]]}} {{sc|'''avrea'''}} amphibolon est hoc loco, utrum ipsa aurea, an aurea cingula. sciendum tamen plerumque amphiboliam metri ratione dissolui, ut &quot;aurea composuit sponda&quot; Dido 'aurea': si enim ad spondam referas, non stat uersus. {{sc|'''svbnectens'''}} subnexa habens. {{sc|'''exertae'''}} nudatae; nudant enim quam adusserint mammam. 

{{ancora+|493|[[Aeneis/Liber I#493|493.]]}} {{sc|'''virgo'''}} et sexum ostendit et aetatem. {{sc|'''virgo'''}} plus dixit, quam si feminam diceret. figuram tamen Graecam facit. 

{{ancora+|495|[[Aeneis/Liber I#495|495.]]}} {{sc|'''dvm stvpet'''}}  aut absolute, aut dum haec stupet. {{sc|'''obtvtv'''}} aspectu. {{sc|'''in vno'''}} in unoquoque, hoc est singula mirabatur. 

{{ancora+|496|[[Aeneis/Liber I#496|496.]]}} {{sc|'''forma'''}} ut &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. 

{{ancora+|497|[[Aeneis/Liber I#497|497.]]}} {{sc|'''incessit'''}} ut &quot;incedunt pueri&quot;; sed hic 'intervenit'. {{sc|'''stipante caterva'''}} ad hoc tantum sequens pertinet comparatio, quam uituperant multi, nescientes exempla uel parabolas uel conparationes adsumptas non semper usquequaque congruere, sed interdum omni parte, interdum aliqua convenire. 

{{ancora+|498|[[Aeneis/Liber I#498|498.]]}} {{sc|'''evrotae ripis'''}}  fluvii Laconicae. {{sc|'''cynthi'''}} montis Deli, in quo natam constat Dianam. sane Dianam ueteres ideo melius producebant, quia sub divo dea sit venandi gratia. 

{{ancora+|499|[[Aeneis/Liber I#499|499.]]}} {{sc|'''exercet diana choros'''}}  hoc non ad conparationem pertinet, sed est poeticae descriptionis evagatio, quia chori nec personis hic nec locis congruunt; saltantium enim et cantantium dicuntur. {{sc|'''mille'''}} finitus numerus pro infinito; nam de nympharum numero uaria est opinio. 


{{ancora+|500|[[Aeneis/Liber I#500|500.]]}} {{sc|'''oreades'''}} nymphae montium Oreades dicuntur, siluarum Dryades, quae cum siluis nascuntur Amadryades, fontium Napeae uel Naides, maris uero Nereides. 

{{ancora+|502|[[Aeneis/Liber I#502|502.]]}} {{sc|'''tacitvm'''}} maior enim est taciturnitatis adfectus, ut supra &quot;haec secum&quot;. sic Terentius &quot;ut mecum tacita gaudeam&quot;. {{sc|'''tacitvm'''}} pro tacite, ut &quot;tacitumque obsedit limen Amatae&quot;; aut tacita gaudet. {{sc|'''pertemptant'''}} modo uehementer temptant. alibi leviter, ut &quot;blanda uicissim gaudia pertemptant mentem&quot;. sunt enim multa quae pro locis intelleguntur, ut 'inpotens' et satis et minus et nihil potens significat. {{sc|'''instans operi'''}} zeugma est ad sequentia pertinens. 

{{ancora+|504|[[Aeneis/Liber I#504|504.]]}} {{sc|'''regnisqve fvtvris'''}}  regnaturae Carthagini; nam ipsa iam regnabat. 

{{ancora+|505|[[Aeneis/Liber I#505|505.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm foribvs divae'''}}  instans praecipue foribus. et hoc loco distinguendum est; magno enim studio et labore templorum fores fiebant, quas quibusdam insignibant historiis, ut &quot;in foribus letum Androgei&quot;, item &quot;in foribus pugnam ex auro solidoque elephanto&quot;. quamuis quidam iungant 'tum foribus divae media testudine templi', ut unum intellegas tectum templi et pronai: quod si est, sub medio tecto sunt fores. sed prima melior expositio est. {{sc|'''testvdine'''}} camera incurva, id est fornicata, quae secundum eos qui scripserunt de ratione templorum, ideo sic fit, ut simulacro caeli imaginem reddat, quod constat esse conuexum. quidam tradunt apud ueteres omnia templa in modum testudinis facta, at uero sequenti aetate divinis simulacris positis, nihilominus in templis factas esse testudines, quod Varro ait, ut separatum esset, ubi metus esset, ubi religio administraretur. bene ergo, cum de templo loqueretur, addidit ei testudinem. idem Varro de lingua Latina ad Ciceronem &quot;in aedibus locus patulus relinquebatur sub divo, qui si non erat relictus et contectus erat, appellabatur testudo&quot;. Cicero in Bruto &quot;commentatum in ⟨quadam testudine cum seruis litteratis fuisse⟩&quot;. quidam testudinem locum in parte atrii uolunt aduersum venientibus. alii hunc ordinem uolunt 'tum foribus divae templi resedit, media scutorum testudine', quia saepta armis erat. hoc sane genus fabricae ab animalis similitudine quae testudo uocatur captum est: de qua fabula talis est. uirgo quaedam nomine Chelone, linguae inpatientis fuit. uerum cum Iuppiter Iunonem sibi nuptiis iungeret, praecepit Mercurio, ut omnes deos et homines atque omnia animalia ad nuptias conuocaret. sed omnibus quos Mercurius monuerat convenientibus, sola Chelone, irridens et derogans nuptiis, nectens moras adesse contempsit. quam cum Mercurius non venisse notavisset, denuo descendit ad terras et aedes Chelones supra fluvium positas praecipitavit in fluvium ipsamque Chelonen in animal sui nominis uertit, quam nos Latine testudinem dicimus, fecitque, ut pro poena dorso tectum, uelut domum suam prona portaret: unde incurvatis aedificiis hoc nomen inpositum est. 

{{ancora+|506|[[Aeneis/Liber I#506|506.]]}} {{sc|'''saepta armis'''}}  satellitum scilicet. uel ut quidam uolunt pro armatis, ut &quot;feta armis&quot;. {{sc|'''solio'''}} solium proprie est armarium uno ligno factum, in quo reges sedebant propter tutelam corporis sui, dictum quasi solidum. modo iam abusive sellam regalem intellegimus. {{sc|'''alte'''}} alto fulta suggestu. ac si diceret, in tribunali. {{sc|'''svbnixa'''}} pro subnisa, ut supra diximus. alii pro innixa accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|507|[[Aeneis/Liber I#507|507.]]}} {{sc|'''ivra dabat legesqve viris'''}}  ius generale est, sed lex iuris est species: non est ergo iteratio. et bene 'dabat'; primi enim Locri scriptis usi sunt legibus, nam superior aetas contenta fuit moribus. quod autem dixit 'uiris', ad Didonis pertinet laudem, et separatim enuntiandum, ut sit maior admiratio. 

{{ancora+|508|[[Aeneis/Liber I#508|508.]]}} {{sc|'''sorte trahebat'''}}  proprie locutus est; trahuntur enim sortes, hoc est educuntur. et bene tam regnantis quam aedificantis urbem inplere ostendit officium. 

{{ancora+|509|[[Aeneis/Liber I#509|509.]]}} {{sc|'''concvrsv accedere magno'''}}  cum magna Afrorum multitudine. et hoc est quod formidat Aeneas, incertus qua eos mente comitentur. 


{{ancora+|512|[[Aeneis/Liber I#512|512.]]}} {{sc|'''dispvlerat'''}} segregaverat. et magna est inter 'di' et 'de' differentia, ut diximus. {{sc|'''penitvs'''}} longe a regina remotos: quae res etiam insolentes custodes litorum facit. 

{{ancora+|513|[[Aeneis/Liber I#513|513.]]}} {{sc|'''obstipvit'''}} et ad mirationem et ad timorem hic pertinet sermo, quo dicenda praeoccupat. {{sc|'''percvlsvs'''}} ad utrumque pertinet. 

{{ancora+|514|[[Aeneis/Liber I#514|514.]]}} {{sc|'''laetitiaqve metvqve'''}}  laetitia propter socios, metu propter concursum. uel quod incerti erant de uoluntate Didonis. {{sc|'''avidi conivngere'''}} pro 'ut coniungerent', uel ad coniungendum avidi. 

{{ancora+|515|[[Aeneis/Liber I#515|515.]]}} {{sc|'''ardebant'''}} cupiebant, ut &quot;formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexim&quot;. ardeo autem et accusativum regit et ablativum. {{sc|'''res incognita'''}} id est qua adfectione Poenorum populus conveniret. 

{{ancora+|516|[[Aeneis/Liber I#516|516.]]}} {{sc|'''dissimvlant'''}} dissimulamus nota, simulamus ignota, ut Sallustius &quot;simulator ac dissimulator&quot;. 

{{ancora+|517|[[Aeneis/Liber I#517|517.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae fortvna'''}}  utrum prospera, an aduersa? et hic ostenditur, unde sit metus. 

{{ancora+|518|[[Aeneis/Liber I#518|518.]]}} {{sc|'''cvncti nam lecti navibvs'''}}  bene addidit 'lecti', ne penitus omnes intellegeres. nonnulli tamen 'lectis navibus' legunt: quod et si sit, hypallage est, et illuc sensus recurrit. et sciendum, plerumque ut hoc loco addi aliquid generalitati et fieri specialitatem. item si dicas 'omnes scolastici laborant', generalitas est; si addas 'isti', fit specialitas, ut Sallustius &quot;transgressos omnis recipit mons Balleia&quot; prudenter addidit 'transgressos'. {{sc|'''cvncti'''}} non idem significat quod omnes. Cicero saepe ait &quot;cuncti atque omnes&quot;, quia omnes non statim sunt cuncti, nisi idem simul sunt iuncti. 

{{ancora+|519|[[Aeneis/Liber I#519|519.]]}} {{sc|'''orantes veniam'''}}  pacem propter incendium navium. et proprie uerbum pontificale est: unde est &quot;tu modo posce deos veniam&quot; et paulo post &quot;pacemque per aras exquirunt&quot;. dicta autem venia ad eliciendam misericordiam; meretur enim benivolentiam numinum qui, licet innocens sit, veniam tamen tamquam peccaverit petit: unde est confessio illa in Terentio &quot;quid meritu's? crucem&quot;. {{sc|'''orantes veniam'''}} venia quidem pro culpa petitur, sed nunc beneficium. aliqui tamen veniam pro inpunitate accipiunt, nam mox addidit 'prohibe infandos a navibus ignes'. 


{{ancora+|520|[[Aeneis/Liber I#520|520.]]}} {{sc|'''maximvs ilionevs'''}}  rebus omnibus maximus; nec enim aliquid addidit. ergo et aetate et honore et facundia et omni uirtute accipiunt. et non sine causa ipsum ubique inducit loquentem; ut enim Homerus dicit, Phorbas pater Ilionei semper Mercurio deo eloquentiae favente pugnavit, ut Horatius &quot;Mercuri facunde nepos Atlantis&quot;. merito ergo huic datur eloquentia. {{sc|'''placido sic pectore coepit'''}} more suo uno sermone habitum futurae orationis expressit. bene ergo 'placido', ne timore consternatus uideretur, quem ideo aetate maximum et patientem ostendit, ut ei auctoritas et de aetate et de moribus crescat. ergo 'placido' ad placandum apto; et definitio est oratoris, qui talem se debet componere, qualem uult iudicem reddere. 

{{ancora+|522|[[Aeneis/Liber I#522|522.]]}} {{sc|'''o regina'''}}  secundum artem rhetoricam id ei dat quod uult inpetrare. nam eam per laudem benivolam reddidit. quae benivolentia in principiis controversiarum secundum praecepta rhetorica quattuor modis conciliatur: a iudicum persona, a nostra, ab aduersariorum, a re ipsa. quod hic invenitur: a iudicum persona 'o regina novam c- c- I- u-', a sua persona 'Troes te miseri' et cetera, ab aduersariorum 'quod genus hoc hominum', a re ipsa 'hospitio prohibemur harenae'. post praeparatam igitur benivolentiam et ex sua persona miseratione commota adhibet preces 'prohibe infandos a navibus i- p- p- g- e- p- r- a-' an possint? 'non ea uis animo n- t- s- u-' quo ergo ibatis? 'est locus Hesperiam G- c- d-' et cur huc venistis? 'cum subito adsurgens f- n-. O-' ne autem possint timeri, ait 'pauci uestris adnavimus oris'. an gratiam referant? 'officio nec te certasse priorem paeniteat'. quod autem Aeneam laudat, occulte etiam terrorem incutit dicendo 'nec bello maior et armis'. dicit etiam esse qui uindicent, si fiat iniuria 'sunt et Siculis regionibus u- a- q- T- q- a- s- c- A-' an recessuri sint? 'quassatam uentis liceat subd- c-' et subiunxit, etiamsi regem amisimus et Italiam non petimus, tamen ad Siciliam necessario discedemus 'si datur Italiam s- e- reliqua. sin absumpta salus e- t- p- o- T- p- h- L- n- s- i- r- I- at freta Sicaniae saltem'. {{sc|'''novam vrbem'''}} iuxta Poenorum opinionem dixit, qui novam civitatem Carthaginem dicunt. 

{{ancora+|523|[[Aeneis/Liber I#523|523.]]}} {{sc|'''ivstitia'''}} bene consideravit sexum; nec enim 'uirtute' poterat dicere. {{sc|'''gentes'''}} non Carthaginiensium, sed circumiacentium barbarorum. {{sc|'''frenare'''}} continere, ut contra et &quot;Numidae infreni cingunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|524|[[Aeneis/Liber I#524|524.]]}} {{sc|'''troes te miseri'''}}  tacitis occurrit quaestionibus, ne ad populationem venisse uideantur more qui tunc uigebat. et uidetur aliud ad dignitatem, aliud ad miserationem protulisse. {{sc|'''ventis maria omnia vecti'''}} per maria. et est contra illud, sicut dictum est, cur ad Africam venerint. 

{{ancora+|526|[[Aeneis/Liber I#526|526.]]}} {{sc|'''parce pio generi'''}}  quotiens inuidiosae sunt praesentes personae, rhetoricum est ad alias confugere, ut hoc loco confugit ad genus. {{sc|'''et propivs'''}} uicinius scilicet, ut tamquam uicti accipiantur, non tales omnes credantur, qualis Paris fuit in Spartae expugnatione raptuque Helenae. nam historiae hoc habet ueritas, non uoluntate Helenam secutam, sed expugnata raptam civitate, unde et recipi meruit a marito. tangit autem hoc latenter Vergilius illo loco &quot;me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnavit adulter&quot;. ergo bene non nos, sed res nostras dixit. 

{{ancora+|527|[[Aeneis/Liber I#527|527.]]}} {{sc|'''popvlare'''}} quia apud ueteres haec erat maxime causa navigandi. sane antiqui et populo et populor dicebant, unde est 'populare' et &quot;populatque ingentem farris aceruum curculio&quot;. nunc tamen passiva tantum utimur declinatione. quidam 'populare' pro ad populandum uel pro populatum accipiunt. {{sc|'''vertere'''}} pro aduertere. 

{{ancora+|529|[[Aeneis/Liber I#529|529.]]}} {{sc|'''non ea vis animo'''}}  argumentum ab inpossibili sicut dictum est, ut &quot;quid Troes potuere?&quot; 'uis' autem est possibilitas. {{sc|'''non ea vis animo'''}} id est, nec uolumus nec possumus. 


{{ancora+|530|[[Aeneis/Liber I#530|530.]]}} {{sc|'''est locvs'''}}  conparatione orbis totius Italia locus est; nam provincia locus non potest dici. minus est autem 'quam' uel 'quem locum', ut &quot;urbs antiqua fuit&quot;. aut ideo 'locus', ut ostendat paruo posse esse contentos. {{sc|'''hesperiam'''}} hesperiae duae sunt, una quae Hispania dicitur, altera quae est in Italia. quae hac ratione discernuntur: aut enim Hesperiam solam dicis et significas Italiam, aut addis 'ultimam' et significas Hispaniam, quae in occidentis est fine, ut Horatius &quot;qui nunc Hesperia sospes ab ultima&quot;. et haec est uera Hesperia, ab Hespero dicta, id est stella occidentali. ceterum Italia Hesperia dicitur a fratre Atlantis, qui pulsus a germano Italiam tenuit eique nomen pristinae regionis inposuit, ut Hyginus docet. {{sc|'''grai cognomine dicvnt'''}} bene 'Grai', ut et ipsa cognoscat, sicut in octavo &quot;Electra, ut Grai perhibent, Atlantide cretus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|531|[[Aeneis/Liber I#531|531.]]}} {{sc|'''antiqva'''}} nobilis; nec enim nova esse potest, licet primam terram suam esse dicant Athenienses. {{sc|'''potens armis'''}} dicendo 'potens armis', Troianos laudavit, ut ostenderet, non se bellicosam timere provinciam. UBERE GLEBAE 'uber' proprie est fecunditas. et bene Italiae uirtutem fecunditatemque conlaudat, ne Africam petisse uideantur. 

{{ancora+|532|[[Aeneis/Liber I#532|532.]]}} {{sc|'''oenotri colvere viri'''}}  deest 'quam'. Oenotria autem dicta est uel a uino optimo, quod in Italia nascitur, uel ut Varro dicit ab Oenotro, rege Sabinorum quia alii partem Italiae Oenotriam tradunt ex Arcadia profectum in Italiam venisse cum Pelasgis et eam sibi cognominem fecisse. {{sc|'''fama'''}} subaudimus 'est'. {{sc|'''minores'''}} maiores et minores quotiens de genere dicimus numeri sunt tantum pluralis. 

{{ancora+|533|[[Aeneis/Liber I#533|533.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam'''}} Italus rex Siciliae ad eam partem venit in qua regnavit Turnus, quam a suo nomine appellavit Italiam: unde est &quot;fines super usque Sicanos&quot; non usque ad Siciliam; nec enim poterat fieri; sed usque ad ea loca, quae tenuerunt Sicani, id est Siculi a Sicano, Itali fratre. alii Italiam a bubus quibus est Italia fertilis, quia Graeci boves g-italous, nos uitulos dicimus; alii a rege Ligurum Italo; alii ab advena Molossio; alii a Corcyreo; alii a Veneris filio, rege Lucanorum; alii a quodam augure, qui cum Siculis in haec loca venerit quamque his regionem inauguraverit; plures atare tenari nepote desatura Minois, regis Cretensium, filia Italiam dictam. 

{{ancora+|534|[[Aeneis/Liber I#534|534.]]}} {{sc|'''hic cvrsvs'''}}  uel iste cursus, uel pro illuc. et cursus uerbum nauticum est, ut &quot;hunc cursum Iliacas uento tenuisse carinas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|535|[[Aeneis/Liber I#535|535.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm svbito'''}}  si 'subito fluctu', nomen est, si per se 'subito', aduerbium. {{sc|'''cvm svbito adsvrgens flvctv nimbosvs orion'''}} oenopion rex cum liberos non haberet, a Iove Neptuno Mercurioque, uel ut quidam tradunt, non Neptuno, sed Marte, quos hospitio susceperat, hortantibus, ut ab his aliquid postularet, petiit, ut sibi concederent liberos. illi intra corium immolati sibi bovis urina facta praeceperunt, ut obrutum terra conpletis maternis mensibus solueretur. quo facto inuentus est puer, cui nomen ab urina inpositum est, ut Ourion diceretur, quod Dorica lingua commutatum est, ut ou diphthongus in o conuerteretur. quod autem plerumque prima syllaba brevis invenitur, ut hoc loco, cum sit naturaliter longa, Graecae rationis est; nam detractio fit u litterae et o remanet brevis, quo modo &quot;g-ourea g-te g-skioenta&quot; pro orea, g-poiehson pro g-poehson. et hoc, quia aut o est naturaliter longa, aut ou diphthongus; ceterum si sit in proprio nomine dichronos, ut omnes Latinae sunt, propriorum nominum abutemur licentia, ut in artibus lectum est. Orion ergo postea venator factus, uelut trium parentum uiribus fisus, dum uellet cum Diana concumbere, ut Horatius dicit, eius sagittis occisus est, ut Lucanus, inmisso scorpione periit, et deorum miseratione relatus in sidera signum famosum tempestatibus fecit. ueri similius autem est a scorpione interemptum, quo oriente occidit, quia et scorpionem tamquam ultorem pudicitiae Diana inter sidera collocavit: cuius chelae amputatae aliud signum fecerunt; nam ipsae sunt libra. sane ipse Orion magnitudine sua multis oritur diebus, et ideo eius etiam apud peritos est incerta tempestas: unde dictum est 'cum subito adsurgens' ad excusationem non praevisae tempestatis. et multi superfluo quaerunt, cur ortus commemoretur Orionis, cum sit inmissa a Iunone tempestas. sed Ilioneus ista non novit quae a poeta supra dicta sunt, per musam, ut diximus, cognita. et constat numina nisi inuenta occasione nocere non posse: quod in omni suo opere Vergilius diligenter observat. bene autem 'nimbosus', qui et ortu suo et occasu tempestates conmovet, sicut ait Horatius &quot;qua tristis Orion cadit&quot;; et quia hoc signum ibi est, ubi Hyades circa frontem Tauri. 

{{ancora+|536|[[Aeneis/Liber I#536|536.]]}} {{sc|'''in vada caeca'''}}  incognita, latentia. {{sc|'''procacibvs avstris'''}} perseverantibus. et procax proprie petax est, nam procare est petere, unde et proci petitores dicuntur. alii 'procacibus' inpudentibus tradunt. 

{{ancora+|537|[[Aeneis/Liber I#537|537.]]}} {{sc|'''perqve vndas svperante salo'''}}  elevato mari et in undas diviso, ut solet in tempestate. 'salo' autem venit ab eo quod est hoc salum sali, nam &quot;sale tabentes&quot; ab eo quod est hic sal salis. PERQUE INVIA SAXA 'inuia', id est aspera, inmania. unde et Dido paulo post 'quae uis inmanibus adplicat oris'? non enim suos uituperat, sed naturam litoris culpat. 

{{ancora+|538|[[Aeneis/Liber I#538|538.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc pavci'''}}  uult intellegi, ut quidam tradunt, superesse et alios qui sunt in futuro uindices, si isti fuerint laesi; nam hoc est quod ait 'dispulit', id est dispersit. {{sc|'''adnavimvs oris'''}} elegit uerbum aptum naufragio ad eliciendam misericordiam: quamuis et de navibus 'natat' lectum sit, ut &quot;natat uncta carina&quot;. {{sc|'''adnavimvs'''}} adnatavimus per syncopen, quotiens syllaba de medio subtrahitur. et bene 'adnavimus', quasi uix et opportune. 

{{ancora+|539|[[Aeneis/Liber I#539|539.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod genvs hoc hominvm'''}} ? rhetorice uituperaturus mores non ad Didonem loquitur, sed ad tertiam se confert personam. {{sc|'''quaeve hvnc tam barbara morem p- p-'''}} bene mores accusat terrae, ut humanitas patriae potius esse uideatur. 


{{ancora+|540|[[Aeneis/Liber I#540|540.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitio prohibemvr harenae'''}}  ut alibi &quot;litusque rogamus&quot;; occupantis est enim possessio litoris. unde ostenduntur crudeles qui etiam a communibus prohibeant. {{sc|'''hospitio prohibemvr harenae'''}} ut alibi &quot;litusque rogamus innocuum&quot;. litus enim iure gentium commune omnibus fuit et occupantis solebat eius esse possessio. Cicero in Rosciana &quot;nam quid est tam commune, quam spiritus uivis, terra mortuis, mare fluctuantibus, litus eiectis?&quot; unde ostenduntur crudeles qui etiam a communibus prohibeant. 

{{ancora+|541|[[Aeneis/Liber I#541|541.]]}} {{sc|'''bella cient'''}}  id est movent. et bene 'cient' et 'uetant' permanet in tertia persona, ne eos in hoc barbaros et inmites appellare uideatur. sane in principio modestius, hic iam commotius. {{sc|'''primaqve vetant consistere terra'''}} id est in litore, ut alibi &quot;tuque o, cui prima frementem fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti&quot;. 

{{ancora+|542|[[Aeneis/Liber I#542|542.]]}} {{sc|'''mortalia arma'''}}  mortalem possibilitatem. sane arma etiam consilia significant, ut &quot;quaerere conscius arma&quot;. sed hoc loco terret latenter propter Siciliam; nam et paulo post ait 'sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes', cum unam habeant in qua Acestes regnat: sed ad terrorem 'urbes' posuit. {{sc|'''temnitis'''}} autem pro contempnitis per aphaeresin dictum, quae est cum prima uerbi syllaba detrahitur. alii 'mortalia arma' pro humanitate accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|543|[[Aeneis/Liber I#543|543.]]}} {{sc|'''at sperate deos'''}}  abusive 'timete', ut alibi &quot;hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem&quot;, cum speremus bona, timeamus aduersa. ueteres tamen sperare dicebant deorum auxilia spectare. Plautus in milite &quot;deos sperabo, teque postremo tamen&quot;, in Casina &quot;diis sum fretus, deos speravimus&quot;. sane opportune post blanda principia ista ponuntur; prodest enim nonnumquam subtiliter obiurgare quem roges. {{sc|'''memores fandi atqve nefandi'''}} iusti et iniusti. et bene 'memores', quia etiamsi non statim puniant crimina, sunt tamen memores, ut Horatius &quot;raro antecedentem scelestum deseruit pede poena claudo&quot;. et dicendo 'fandi atque nefandi' significat 'prout meriti fueritis'. 

{{ancora+|544|[[Aeneis/Liber I#544|544.]]}} {{sc|'''rex erat'''}}  bene medio uerbo usus est 'erat', ne si 'fuit' dixisset, fiduciam abiecisse uideretur. 

{{ancora+|545|[[Aeneis/Liber I#545|545.]]}} {{sc|'''nec pietate fvit'''}}  multum interest inter iustitiam et pietatem; nam pietas pars iustitiae est, sicut severitas. nunc ergo hoc dicit, qua parte sit iustus, id est pietate. et bene duo laudat in Aenea: pietatem, quam a Didone inpetrare contendit, et uirtutem, quam uult timeri. {{sc|'''qvo ivstior alter nec pietate fvit nec bello maior et armis'''}} qui et beneficium referre potest, et uindicare. {{sc|'''bello maior et armis'''}} non est iteratio; nam bellum et consilium habet, 'arma' tantum in actu ipso sunt. {{sc|'''bello maior et armis'''}} hoc est scientia rei militaris et uiribus dimicandi, ut aliud ⟨sit⟩ animi, aliud corporis. 

{{ancora+|546|[[Aeneis/Liber I#546|546.]]}} {{sc|'''qvem si fata virvm servant'''}}  unum sensum in tres partes divisit, et potuit reprehendi idem dixisse, nisi ostenderet eum libenter uoto suo inmorari. tale est illud &quot;si numina uestra incolumem Pallanta mihi&quot; et cetera. {{sc|'''si vescitvr avra'''}} uescor illa re, ut alibi &quot;uescitur Aeneas simul et Troiana iuventus perpetui tergo bovis et lustralibus extis&quot;. nec nos decipiat quod dicit Plinius, ut elocutiones ex similibus formemus; nam ecce comedo illam rem dicimus, nec tamen uescor illam rem. et ipse enim dicit non usquequaque hoc esse faciendum. {{sc|'''si vescitvr avra'''}} uerbum inchoativum sine praeterito tempore et quod a se nascitur. sane hic 'uescitur' pro fruitur posuit; nam non comedit auram, sed uivit ea. 

{{ancora+|547|[[Aeneis/Liber I#547|547.]]}} {{sc|'''aetheria avra'''}}  quia animum aere, corpus cibo potione et ceteris diligenter nutrimus. 

{{ancora+|548|[[Aeneis/Liber I#548|548.]]}} {{sc|'''non metvs'''}}  hoc loco distinguendum est. cuius autem rei, ex sequentibus probat; nam uult eam non timere, ne inaniter praestet. alii 'non metus officio' legunt et hunc sensum dicunt: non metuo pro officio nostro, id est non timeo, ne non sit unde satisfaciamus officio ac parem gratiam reddamus. {{sc|'''officio nec te certasse priorem paeniteat'''}} nec tibi parum uideatur prima beneficia praestitisse, cum possis maiora recipere. nam 'paeniteat' parum uideatur est, ut in heauton timorumeno &quot;at enim quantum hic operis fiat paenitet&quot;, hoc est parum uidetur. sane 'certasse' quidam provocasse accipiunt, ut Terentius &quot;beneficiis si certasset audisset bene&quot;. officium autem est, quod Graeci g-to g-kathekon appellant. Cicero de Marcello &quot;noli igitur in conservandis bonis uiris defetigari, non cupiditate praesertim aliqua aut pravitate lapsis, sed opinione officii stulta fortasse, certe non inproba&quot;. 

{{ancora+|549|[[Aeneis/Liber I#549|549.]]}} {{sc|'''svnt et sicvlis regionibvs vrbes'''}}  id est gratiam reddere possumus: arma latenter minatur. 


{{ancora+|550|[[Aeneis/Liber I#550|550.]]}} {{sc|'''troianoqve a sangvine clarvs acestes'''}}  cum Laomedon promissam murorum mercedem Neptuno et Apollini denegasset, Neptunus iratus Troiae inmisit cetos quod eam uastaret. unde Apollo consultus, cum et ipse irasceretur, contraria respondit dicens, obiciendas puellas nobiles beluae. quod cum fieret timens Hippotes quidam nobilis filiae Egestae, cum Laomedontis regis Hesiona iam esset orta seditione religata, inpositam eam navi misit quo fors tulisset. haec ad Siciliam delata a Crimisso fluvio, quem Crinisum Vergilius poetica licentia uocat, conuerso in ursum uel canem conpressa edidit Acesten, qui ex matris nomine civitatem Troianis condidit, quae hodie Segesta nominatur. {{sc|'''troianoqve a sangvine clarvs acestes'''}} bene Troiano, ut necesse habeat si passi fuerint iniuriam uindicare, quod in principio bene tacuit. de Aceste autem fabula talis. cum Laomedon promissam murorum mercedem Neptuno et Apollini denegasset, Neptunus iratus Troiae inmisit cetos per quod uicina litoris uastarentur. unde Apollo consultus, cum et ipse irasceretur, contraria respondit dicens obiciendas puellas nobiles beluae. quod cum saepe fieret et Laomedontis Hesiona iam esset ad scopulum orta seditione religata, non nulli parentes peregre mittere filias quam domi perdere maluerunt; nam alii avehendas mercatoribus tradiderunt. timens Hippotes uel ipsostratus filiam Egestam inpositam navi misit quo fors tulisset. haec ad Siciliam uentis delata a Crimisso fluvio, quem Crinisum Vergilius poetica licentia uocat, conuerso in ursum, uel ut quidam uolunt in canem, conpressa edidit Egestum, quem Vergilius Acestem uocat, qui matris nomine civitatem Troianis condidit, quae ante Egesta post Segesta nominata est. 

{{ancora+|551|[[Aeneis/Liber I#551|551.]]}} {{sc|'''qvassatam ventis'''}}  quamuis sit iusta petitio, tamen prope inuidiose ostendit, quam sit res quam petit exigua. {{sc|'''svbdvcere'''}} in terram trahere, hoc est subductam curare. deducere autem in mare mittere, ut &quot;deducunt naves socii&quot;. 

{{ancora+|552|[[Aeneis/Liber I#552|552.]]}} {{sc|'''aptare'''}} aptas legere. legitur et 'optare', sed utrumque eligere significat. uel 'aptare' adiungere uel adfigere, ut &quot;stellis ardentibus aptum&quot;. {{sc|'''stringere remos'''}} aut defrondare, ut &quot;agricolae stringunt frondes&quot;, aut 'fractos stringere remos', id est ligare, quia supra dixerat &quot;franguntur remi&quot;. 

{{ancora+|553|[[Aeneis/Liber I#553|553.]]}} {{sc|'''sociis et rege recepto'''}}  syllepsis per numeros, ut &quot;hic illius arma, hic currus fuit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|554|[[Aeneis/Liber I#554|554.]]}} {{sc|'''sin absvmpta salvs'''}}  hoc est, si periit Aeneas, qui Troianorum salus est. {{sc|'''pater optime'''}} mira laus, cum et patrem et optimum dicit. 

{{ancora+|556|[[Aeneis/Liber I#556|556.]]}} {{sc|'''nec spes iam restat ivli'''}}  bene de Ascanio spem dicit propter aetatem, ut &quot;Ascanium surgentem&quot; et &quot;spes surgentis Iuli&quot;. sane et hic tribus inmoratur quae metuit, ut supra in uoto. 

{{ancora+|557|[[Aeneis/Liber I#557|557.]]}} {{sc|'''at freta sicaniae'''}}  bene recessuros se dicunt. 'freta' autem, quia freto a Sicilia dividitur Italia. sane quidam a feruore dici putant. et Sicanos quidam autochthonas tradunt, quidam ex Hiberia profugos de nomine fluminis Sicoris, quem reliquerant, Sicaniam nominasse. {{sc|'''sedesqve paratas'''}} propter Acestis cognationem. 

{{ancora+|558|[[Aeneis/Liber I#558|558.]]}} {{sc|'''regem'''}} aut qui nunc rex est, aut qui etiam noster futurus est. 

{{ancora+|559|[[Aeneis/Liber I#559|559.]]}} {{sc|'''talibvs ilionevs'''}}  aut subaudis 'loquebatur', aut ex posterioribus 'fremebant' intellegis. {{sc|'''ore fremebant'''}} hoc est consentiebant. et bene 'ore', quia et armis possumus fremere. {{sc|'''ore fremebant'''}} aut probantes Ilionei dicta aut rogantes Didonem. 


{{ancora+|560|[[Aeneis/Liber I#560|560.]]}} {{sc|'''dardanidae'''}} haec hemistichia Vergilius nominabat, quae in emendando carmine fuerat repleturus. 

{{ancora+|561|[[Aeneis/Liber I#561|561.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm breviter dido'''}}  atqui non breviter loquitur. sed breve et longum, paruum et magnum perfectum nihil habent, sed per conparationem intelleguntur, ut supra de provincia &quot;est locus&quot; orbis, ut diximus, conparatione. item hoc loco 'breviter', id est minus, quam Ilioneus. et notandum regum esse breviloquium, ut multis in Vergilio locis probatur, feminarum uerecundiam: unde utrumque dedit Didoni. {{sc|'''vvltvm demissa'''}} nota figura est, ut &quot;oculos suffusa nitentes&quot;. dicendo autem 'uultum demissa' aliud genus officii adiecit. 

{{ancora+|562|[[Aeneis/Liber I#562|562.]]}} {{sc|'''solvite corde metvm tevcri'''}}  sicut supra Iovis oratio, partim obiecta purgat partim petita promittit. sciendum sane, quia cum petuntur uel promittuntur aliqua, a ualidissimis inchoandum est, ut hoc loco. et est genus argumenti a necessario. {{sc|'''solvite corde metvm tevcri'''}} qui pollicetur statim debet promittere, tunc subiungere si qua uult, ne exspectatione suspensus detineatur auditor. nam et in Aeoli oratione statim promittit. {{sc|'''seclvdite cvras'''}} iteratio est ad augmentum benivolentiae, hoc est, ad confirmandum supplicum animum. 'secludite' uero pro excludite: quod fit aut propter hiatum, aut propter suavitatem, ut a, &quot;silice in nuda conixa reliquit&quot; pro enixa. 

{{ancora+|563|[[Aeneis/Liber I#563|563.]]}} {{sc|'''res dvra'''}}  ac si diceret 'est quiddam'. et duo formidat: uicinos barbaros et fratris aduentum, quae propter novitatem personarum generaliter dicens reliquit. {{sc|'''res dvra'''}} oportebat ex aliqua parte enuntiari domus calamitatem. uel ideo 'res dura', quod femina est. {{sc|'''et regni novitas'''}} quae semper habet timorem. 

{{ancora+|564|[[Aeneis/Liber I#564|564.]]}} {{sc|'''moliri'''}} bene non facere, sed 'moliri', ut terroris sit, non crudelitatis. 

{{ancora+|565|[[Aeneis/Liber I#565|565.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis genvs aeneadvm'''}}  satis propere dixit Aeneadas, quamquam ab Ilioneo audierit 'rex erat Aeneas nobis', nec haec in opere inemendato miranda sunt. quamuis alii prolepsim uelint esse. {{sc|'''troiae nesciat vrbem'''}} aut Ilium dicit, quod in Troia est, aut 'Troiae urbem', ut &quot;urbem Patavi, urbem Buthroti&quot;. 

{{ancora+|566|[[Aeneis/Liber I#566|566.]]}} {{sc|'''incendia belli'''}}  id est uim; semper enim diluvio et incendio conparat bellum, ut &quot;in segetem ueluti cum flamma furentibus austris incidit aut rapidus montano gurgite torrens&quot;. {{sc|'''incendia belli'''}} aut ardorem simpliciter belli, quia semper diluvio et incendio et tempestati conparat bellum, ut &quot;in segetem ueluti cum flamma f- a- i- aut rapidus montano flumine torrens&quot; et alibi &quot;saevis effusa Mycenis tempestas ierit&quot;: aut potest subtilius dictum accipi, quod Ilium conflagravit incendio. 

{{ancora+|567|[[Aeneis/Liber I#567|567.]]}} {{sc|'''non obtvsa adeo'''}}  aut non multum, uel ualde, ut in Terentio &quot;adulescentem adeo nobilem&quot; et &quot;si adeo digna res est, ubi tu neruos intendas tuos&quot;: aut 'non adeo', ut tu dicis, ut Troianorum famam ignoremus. 'obtusa' uero stulta, id est crudelia, ut merito Sol equos suos ab ista urbe devertat. 

{{ancora+|568|[[Aeneis/Liber I#568|568.]]}} {{sc|'''nec tam aversvs eqvos tyria sol ivngit ab vrbe'''}}  fabula quidem hoc habet: Atreum et Thyestem germanos, cum in dissensione sibi nocere non possent, in simulatam gratiam redisse: qua occasione Thyestes cum fratris uxore concubuit, Atreus uero ei filium epulandum adposuit: quae Sol ne uidendo pollueretur, aufugit. sed ueritatis hoc est: Atreum apud Mycenas primum solis eclipsin invenisse, cui inuidens frater ex urbe discessit tempore quo eius probata sunt dicta. {{sc|'''nec tam a- e- t- s- i- a- v-'''}} hoc est non in alio orbe habitamus. 

{{ancora+|569|[[Aeneis/Liber I#569|569.]]}} {{sc|'''sev vos hesperiam magnam'''}}  g-megaleh enim g-Hellas appellata est Italia, quia a Tarento usque ad Cumas omnes civitates Graeci condiderunt. 


{{ancora+|570|[[Aeneis/Liber I#570|570.]]}} {{sc|'''sive erycis fines'''}}  Eryx Veneris et Butae, uel ut quidam uolunt Neptuni filius fuit, qui praepotens uiribus advenas caestibus provocabat uictosque perimebat. hic occisus ab Hercule monti ex sepultura sua nomen inposuit: in quo matris fecerat templum, quod Aeneae adscribit poeta dicens &quot;tum uicina astris Erycino in uertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae&quot;. in hoc autem monte dicitur etiam Anchises sepultus, licet secundum Catonem ad Italiam venerit. {{sc|'''erycis fines'''}} id est Siciliam. 

{{ancora+|571|[[Aeneis/Liber I#571|571.]]}} {{sc|'''avxilio tvtos dimittam'''}}  non sine ordine poeta inducit Didonem et credentem ignotis et tam facile tanta promittentem; si enim bene aduertatur, de illo loco pendet &quot;in primis regina quietum accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|572|[[Aeneis/Liber I#572|572.]]}} {{sc|'''vvltis et his'''}}  deest 'uel si'. 

{{ancora+|573|[[Aeneis/Liber I#573|573.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem qvam statvo vestra est'''}}  multi antiptosin uolunt, accusativum pro nominativo, ut sit pro 'urbs quam statuo uestra est'. sed si sic intellegamus, 'quam' nihilominus sequitur et syllepsis fit per casus mutationem; debuit enim dicere 'urbs quae statuitur uestra est'. melius ergo est 'uultis' bis intellegere, ut sit 'uultis regnis considere? uultis urbem quam statuo? uestra est', ut est &quot;eruet ille Argos Agamemnoniasque Mycenas ipsumque Aeaciden&quot;: subaudis 'ille'. alter enim Pyrrhum uicit, alter Mycenas. item &quot;non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco&quot;. {{sc|'''vrbem qvam statvo vestra est'''}} hoc schema de antiquioribus sumptum possumus accipere; ait enim Cato in legem Voconiam &quot;agrum quem uir habet tollitur&quot; et Terentius &quot;eunuchum quem dedisti nobis, quas turbas dedit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|574|[[Aeneis/Liber I#574|574.]]}} {{sc|'''agetvr'''}} regetur. 

{{ancora+|575|[[Aeneis/Liber I#575|575.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve vtinam'''}}  dicendo 'utinam' et humanitatem suam ostendit et Aeneae se cupidam. {{sc|'''noto compvlsvs eodem'''}} aut quovis uento, aut re uera Noto, qui de syrtibus Carthaginem ducit; supra enim Ilioneus &quot;in uada caeca tulit penitusque procacibus austris&quot;. EODEM 'o' naturaliter longa est, sed si corripiatur metri est, ut &quot;steteruntque comae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|576|[[Aeneis/Liber I#576|576.]]}} {{sc|'''adforet'''}} adveniat; temporis est futuri. {{sc|'''eqvidem'''}} in omni Vergilio 'ego quidem' significat, sed in aliis et pro 'quidem' tantum ponitur, ut Tullius &quot;equidem ego ceteras tempestates&quot;. item Persius &quot;non equidem hoc dubites amborum foedere certo consentire dies&quot;. {{sc|'''certos'''}} aut ueloces, aut fideles; utrumque enim hoc loco significat. aliquando et firmos, uel fortes, ut Sallustius &quot;apud latera certos locaverat&quot;, ut Vergilius &quot;tam certa tulistis pectora&quot;. aliquando et deliberati iudicii, ut &quot;certus iter&quot;. {{sc|'''certos'''}} qui cito inveniant. contrario incertos pro tardis. Sallustius &quot;et onere turrium incertis navibus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|577|[[Aeneis/Liber I#577|577.]]}} {{sc|'''et libyae'''}}  g-katachrehstikos nam Dido Libyae regna non retinet. {{sc|'''et libyae lustrare e- i-'''}} ut ostendat uoluntatem et libenter se misisse, qui Aeneam quaererent. 

{{ancora+|578|[[Aeneis/Liber I#578|578.]]}} {{sc|'''eiectvs'''}} naufragus, ut &quot;eiectum litore egentem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|579|[[Aeneis/Liber I#579|579.]]}} {{sc|'''animvm arrecti'''}}  nota figura est. 


{{ancora+|580|[[Aeneis/Liber I#580|580.]]}} {{sc|'''iamdvdvm'''}} et cito, uel quam primum significat, ut &quot;iamdudum sumite poenas&quot;, et olim, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|582|[[Aeneis/Liber I#582|582.]]}} {{sc|'''svrgit'''}} oritur. et est translatio corporis ad animum, ut alibi &quot;stat conferre manum Aeneae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|583|[[Aeneis/Liber I#583|583.]]}} {{sc|'''classem sociosqve receptos'''}}  syllepis per numeros. 'receptos' de maris periculo liberatos, ut &quot;frugesque receptas&quot;, uel a Didone; nam et ab ea timuerant, ut ait &quot;laetitiaque metuque&quot;. 

{{ancora+|584|[[Aeneis/Liber I#584|584.]]}} {{sc|'''vnvs abest'''}}  Oronten significat. {{sc|'''qvem vidimvs ipsi svbmersvm'''}} quod ante doloris fuerat, ut &quot;ipsius ante oculos&quot;, nunc consolationis est, cum cernit omnes incolomes. 

{{ancora+|585|[[Aeneis/Liber I#585|585.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis respondent cetera matris'''}}  modo congruunt, consentiunt, quia dixerat supra &quot;namque tibi reduces socios&quot;. alibi 'respondet' respicit, ut &quot;respondet Gnosia tellus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|587|[[Aeneis/Liber I#587|587.]]}} {{sc|'''scindit se nvbes'''}}  nubes tantum dicimus, non nubs, licet dicamus trabs trabes, stirps stirpes, prex preces, plebs plebes. sed de his tantum quae legimus sunt ponenda; non enim artis sunt ista, sed usurpationis, qua metri causa utuntur poetae, ut uel minuant uel augeant nominativum. inde est et supellex supellectilis. {{sc|'''et in aethera pvrgat apertvm'''}} quia aer collectus nubes fecit, ut &quot;atque in nubem cogitur aer&quot;, quae puriore uento dissoluitur in aerem. 

{{ancora+|588|[[Aeneis/Liber I#588|588.]]}} {{sc|'''restitit aeneas'''}}  abscedente scilicet nube. {{sc|'''claraqve in lvce refvlsit'''}} laus est nimiae pulchritudinis, cui nec lucis claritas derogavit. 

{{ancora+|589|[[Aeneis/Liber I#589|589.]]}} {{sc|'''os vmerosqve deo similis'''}}  similes umeros habens deo. et est Graeca figura, ut diximus supra. {{sc|'''ipsa'''}} aut quod sequitur 'nato genetrix', aut certe 'ipsa', id est pulchritudinis dea. 


{{ancora+|590|[[Aeneis/Liber I#590|590.]]}} {{sc|'''decoram caesariem'''}}  a caedendo dicta caesaries, ergo tantum uirorum est. quod autem dicit 'decoram' uult etiam in Aenea naturalem fuisse pulchritudinem, ne si totum tribuat Veneri, nihil Aeneae sit reliquum, uel contra nihil relinquatur matris favori: quod sequens melius indicat conparatio. ut Horatius &quot;fortes creantur fortibus&quot; magna arte nec eruditioni aliquid nec natalibus derogat. {{sc|'''ivventae'''}} iuventus est multitudo iuvenum, Iuventas dea ipsa, sicut Libertas, iuventa uero aetas; sed haec a poetis confunduntur plerumque. 

{{ancora+|591|[[Aeneis/Liber I#591|591.]]}} {{sc|'''pvrpvrevm'''}} pulchrum, ut Horatius &quot;purpureis ales oloribus&quot;. {{sc|'''laetos honores'''}} non terribiles, ut esse in uiris fortibus solent. 

{{ancora+|592|[[Aeneis/Liber I#592|592.]]}} {{sc|'''manvs'''}} uel artificis, uel ars ipsa. {{sc|'''addvnt'''}} bene 'addunt', quia et ipsa materies habet naturalem pulchritudinem. {{sc|'''ebori decvs'''}} ebur a barro dictum, id est elephanto, ut Horatius &quot;quid tibi uis, mulier, nigris dignissima barris?&quot; sane naturam huius nominis nec derivatio nec obliqui casus reservant. et eboris enim et eburneus facit, non eburis, sicut murmuris. 

{{ancora+|593|[[Aeneis/Liber I#593|593.]]}} {{sc|'''parivsve lapis'''}}  candidissimus est, lygdinus nomine, qui apud Parum nascitur. PARIVSVE LAPIS C. A. ut in decimo &quot;qualis gemma micat, fuluum quae dividit aurum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|594|[[Aeneis/Liber I#594|594.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm sic'''}}  quid est 'sic'? et sui gratia praepotens et matris auxilio. 

{{ancora+|595|[[Aeneis/Liber I#595|595.]]}} {{sc|'''inprovisvs'''}} bene, quia maiora nobis et pulchriora solent uideri, non paulatim aliqua, sed subito stupenda conspicere. {{sc|'''coram qvem qvaeritis'''}} hoc loco distinguendum; nam si unum esset, 'adest' diceret, non 'adsum'. et coram non nulli ad personam, ut 'coram Vergilio', palam ad omnes referri uolunt, ut 'palam omnibus'. Varro &quot;coram de praesentibus nobis, palam etiam de absentibus&quot;. sane coram quidam aduerbium putant, quia non subsequitur casus, quidam praepositionem loquellis, non casibus seruientem. 

{{ancora+|596|[[Aeneis/Liber I#596|596.]]}} {{sc|'''ereptvs'''}} liberatus; et utitur poeta familiarius hoc uerbo &quot;eripe me his, inuicte, malis&quot; et &quot;eripui, fateor, leto me&quot;. 

{{ancora+|597|[[Aeneis/Liber I#597|597.]]}} {{sc|'''o sola'''}}  propter Polymestoris factum, qui fide uiolata defecit ad Graecos, ut habemus in tertio. {{sc|'''miserata'''}} et miseror et misereor unum significat, sed miseror accusativum regit, ut hoc loco, item &quot;nec miseratus amantem est&quot;, misereor genetivum, unde est &quot;miserere animi non digna ferentis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|598|[[Aeneis/Liber I#598|598.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae nos reliqvias danavm'''}}  si Troianos significat, simpliciter intellegis; si ad se refert, quod Achillem evasit favore Neptuni. 'Danaum' autem pro Danaorum. TERRAEQUE MARISQUE 'terrae' propter Cretensem pestilentiam, 'maris' propter Orontis interitum. 

{{ancora+|599|[[Aeneis/Liber I#599|599.]]}} {{sc|'''omnibvs exhavstis'''}}  ueteres sic dicebant 'clades hausi', id est pertuli. {{sc|'''omnivm egenos'''}} egeo honestius genetivo iungitur quam ablativo, cui iungit Cicero, ut &quot;eget ille senatu&quot;. item contra Vergilius &quot;quorum indiget usus&quot;. quidam autem 'egenos' pro egentes dictum tradunt, nomen pro participio. 


{{ancora+|600|[[Aeneis/Liber I#600|600.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbe domo socias'''}}  hoc est et publico et privato dignaris hospitio. 

{{ancora+|601|[[Aeneis/Liber I#601|601.]]}} {{sc|'''non opis est nostrae dido'''}}  'opis' possibilitatis. et secundum Ateium philologum opes numero tantum plurali divitias significant, ut &quot;Troianas ut opes&quot;, numero tantum singulari auxilium, ut &quot;fer opem, serva me obsecro&quot;, ab utroque possibilitatem. {{sc|'''nec qvicqvid vbiqve est'''}} meminit historiae. multi enim post excidium Troiae orbis diversa tenuerunt, ut Helenus Epirum, Antenor Venetiam, alii Sardiniam secundum Sallustium, alii uicina syrtibus loca secundum Lucanum, ut &quot;portusque quietos ostendit Libyae Phrygio placuisse magistro&quot;. 

{{ancora+|603|[[Aeneis/Liber I#603|603.]]}} {{sc|'''di tibi'''}}  ordo est 'dii tibi praemia ferant'. {{sc|'''si qva pios respectant nvmina'''}} si quidem, ut Horatius &quot;si tamen impiae non tangenda rates transiliunt uada&quot;; nec enim congruit optare dubitantem: aut certe ad se rettulit, qui cum pius esset, tot laborabat incommodis. {{sc|'''si qua pios r- n- s- q- v- i- e-'''}} 'qua' et 'quid' addidit, erat enim integrum 'si pios numina respiciunt et iustitia usquam est'. 

{{ancora+|604|[[Aeneis/Liber I#604|604.]]}} {{sc|'''si qvid vsqvam ivstitiae est'''}}  si ualet apud homines iustitia. {{sc|'''et mens sibi conscia recti'''}} secundum Stoicos, qui dicunt, ipsam uirtutem esse pro praemio, etiamsi nulla sint praemia. 

{{ancora+|605|[[Aeneis/Liber I#605|605.]]}} {{sc|'''ferant'''}} adferant uel tribuant. {{sc|'''qvae te tam laeta tvlervnt saecvla'''}} alibi &quot;nati melioribus annis&quot;; felicitas enim temporum ex nascentum meritis comprobatur, ut e contrario Terentius &quot;hocine saeculum! o scelera, o genera sacrilega!&quot; et digna laus regibus, ut bono tempore nati esse dicantur. 

{{ancora+|606|[[Aeneis/Liber I#606|606.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi tanti talem genvere parentes'''}}  secundum artem rhetoricam parentes quos ignorat laudat ex liberis. simul sciendum omnia hoc loco laudis praecepta servata; nam et a parentibus laudat, ut 'qui tanti talem genuere parentes'; et ab ipsa, ut 'urbe domo socias'; et a futuro, ut 'nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt'. 'talem' autem, tam iustam, tam piam. 

{{ancora+|607|[[Aeneis/Liber I#607|607.]]}} {{sc|'''in freta'''}}  abusive modo maria; nam proprie fretum est mare naturaliter mobile, ab undarum feruore nominatum. {{sc|'''dvm montibvs vmbrae lvstrabvnt convexa'''}} alii hoc loco distinguunt et dicunt, quamdiu inclinata in montibus latera umbrae pro solis flexu circumibunt, ut &quot;lustrat aventini montem&quot;: aut 'lustrabunt' inumbrabunt, unde lustra et ferarum cubilia et lupanaria per contrarium dicimus, quia parum inlustrantur. alii tamen 'conuexa sidera' uolunt, id est pendentia, ut &quot;et caeli conuexa per auras&quot;, id est suspensa, planetasque intellegunt, quia non sunt fixi, sed in aere feruntur. 'pasci' autem aquis marinis sidera, id est ignes caelestes, physici docent, secundum quos Lucanus ait &quot;atque undae plus quam quod digerat aer&quot;. alii 'sidera conuexa' nobis inminentia, uel quae per conuexum polum pascuntur, uel quae per conuexum disposita exhalatione terrae ali credantur. quidam radios solis pasci asserunt umore terreno. 'polus' autem caelum dixit. 

{{ancora+|609|[[Aeneis/Liber I#609|609.]]}} {{sc|'''honos'''}} honor, an honos quaeritur, quia nominativus pluralis 'res' terminatus singularem in or mittit, ut amores amor, honores honor, exceptis monosyllabis, ut flos mos ros. 


{{ancora+|610|[[Aeneis/Liber I#610|610.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae me cvmqve vocant terrae'''}}  id est in quibuscumque terris fuero. 

{{ancora+|611|[[Aeneis/Liber I#611|611.]]}} {{sc|'''ilionea'''}} paenultimam huius nominis syllabam natura brevem licentia, qua in nominibus propriis omnes syllabae uocales possunt esse communes, produxit. 

{{ancora+|613|[[Aeneis/Liber I#613|613.]]}} {{sc|'''obstipvit'''}} animo perculsa est, quod iam futuri amoris est signum. {{sc|'''primo aspectv'''}} id est pulchritudine. {{sc|'''sidonia'''}} pro Tyria a uicinitate. 

{{ancora+|614|[[Aeneis/Liber I#614|614.]]}} {{sc|'''casv deinde'''}}  id est miseratione. {{sc|'''et sic ore locvta est'''}} pleonasmos. sic &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;. 

{{ancora+|615|[[Aeneis/Liber I#615|615.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis te nate dea'''}}  quis, qualis; admirantis enim est, non interrogantis, ut &quot;quis globus, o cives!&quot; non enim interrogat ille qui nuntiat. hoc autem Dido, ut post indicat, ex Teucri narratione cognovit. 

{{ancora+|616|[[Aeneis/Liber I#616|616.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae vis'''}}  qualis. {{sc|'''inmanibvs oris'''}} ut Sallustius &quot;mare saevum, inportuosum&quot;. {{sc|'''inmanibvs oris'''}} non de suo regno ait, sed illas oras significat, quas Ilioneus ait &quot;per inuia saxa dispulit&quot;. {{sc|'''adplicat'''}} secundum praesentem usum per 'd' prima syllaba scribitur, secundum antiquam orthographiam, quae praepositionum ultimam litteram in uicinam mutabat, per 'p', secundum euphoniam per 'a' tantum. praepositio enim cum ad conpositionem transierit aut uim suam retinet, ut indico, aut mutat ultimam litteram, ut sufficio, aut perdit, ut coemo. 

{{ancora+|617|[[Aeneis/Liber I#617|617.]]}} {{sc|'''tvne ille aeneas'''}}  et hoc admirativum, non interrogativum. 'ille' autem honoris est, ut &quot;sic Iuppiter ille monebat&quot;, uel 'tune ille' uidetur beneficium Veneris admirari in eo, quem adamatura est. {{sc|'''dardanio anchisae'''}} bene Anchisen addidit, ne cui diceret esset incertum; cum multis enim Venus concubuit. sed sciendum Anchisen, ut fabula loquitur, pastorem fuisse et cum eo amato Venerem concubuisse. unde Aeneas circa Simoin fluvium natus est; deae enim uel nymphae enituntur circa fluvios uel nemora. quod cum iactaret Anchises, adflatus fulmine oculoque privatus est. 

{{ancora+|619|[[Aeneis/Liber I#619|619.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrvm memini sidona venire'''}}  quidam 'memini venire' pro 'memini venisse' accipiunt. {{sc|'''tevcrvm sidona venire'''}} historia hoc habet, Herculem cum Colchos iret perdito Hyla, qui aquatum profectus, ut fabula loquitur, a nymphis adamatus et raptus est, ut ueritas habet, lapsus in fontem altissimum necatus est, post peragratam Mysiam navibus Troiam venisse. a cuius portu cum eum Laomedon arceret, occisus est, et eius filia Hesiona belli iure sublata comiti Telamoni tradita est, qui primus ascenderat murum, unde Teucer natus est; nam Aiacem ex alia constat esse procreatum. tunc Hercules Priamum quoque redemptum a uicinis hostibus in paterno regno locavit: unde et Priamus dictus est g-apo g-tou g-priasthai, id est emi. ceterum quae de liberata dicuntur Hesiona constat esse fabulosa. sed Teucer cum Troia eversa sine fratre esset reversus, qui se furore propter perdita Achillis arma interemerat, uel, ut quidam uolunt, quia non defenderat Aiacis fratris interitum, ut alii, quod ossa fratris non rettulisset, ut non nulli, quod Tecmessam concubinam uel eius fratris filium Eurysacen ad avum Telamona de Troia secum non reduxerit, quia ille alia navi uectus felicius navigaverat, Salamine pulsus a patre Sidona venit, ex quo Dido cuncta cognovit. Aiax autem Achillis patruelis frater fuerat, quoniam Telamon et Peleus fratres fuerunt, Aeaci filii. 


{{ancora+|621|[[Aeneis/Liber I#621|621.]]}} {{sc|'''belvs'''}} quidam alium patrem Elissae dicunt. {{sc|'''opimam'''}} pro opulentam non nulli accipiunt. {{sc|'''vastabat cyprvm'''}} quam subactam concessit Teucro, ut in ea conlocaret imperium, qui ex responso Apollinis illuc perrexerat et civitatem Salaminam ex nomine patriae ibi condidit, licet alii dicant ab ipso Teucro Cypri superatos incolas et sic conditam civitatem: unde 'auxilio Beli' accipi potest, etiam Teucro auxilium a Belo ad occupationem insulae praestitum. 

{{ancora+|622|[[Aeneis/Liber I#622|622.]]}} {{sc|'''dicione'''}} potestas dictis constat, id est imperio. et quaerendus nominativus huius nominis. sed de hac re historia longe aliud continet. 

{{ancora+|623|[[Aeneis/Liber I#623|623.]]}} {{sc|'''casvs'''}} hoc loco ruinae, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;, non fortunae intellegendus est casus. 

{{ancora+|624|[[Aeneis/Liber I#624|624.]]}} {{sc|'''pelasgi'''}} Graeci a Pelasgo Iovis et Larissae filio. 

{{ancora+|625|[[Aeneis/Liber I#625|625.]]}} {{sc|'''ipse hostis tevcros'''}}  Troianorum laudis exaggeratio, quod etiam ab hoste laudantur. et quidam 'hostis' singularem, quidam pluralem legunt. {{sc|'''lavde'''}} quidam pro uirtute accipiunt, ut &quot;primam merui qui laude coronam&quot;. {{sc|'''ferebat'''}} laudabat, praeferebat. 

{{ancora+|626|[[Aeneis/Liber I#626|626.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrorvm a stirpe volebat'''}}  propter genus maternum, ut supra diximus. et plus est quod dixit 'uolebat', quasi materno gaudens refutaret genus paternum. sane 'stirps' cum de origine dicimus generis feminini est, ut &quot;heu stirpem inuisam&quot;, cum de ligno masculini &quot;sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|627|[[Aeneis/Liber I#627|627.]]}} {{sc|'''tectis svccedite nostris'''}}  ad conuivium uocat; nam iam supra dixit 'urbe, domo socias'. dicitur autem 'o tectis succedite', ut &quot;succeditque gemens stabulis&quot;, et &quot;tecto adsuetus coluber succedere&quot;. 

{{ancora+|628|[[Aeneis/Liber I#628|628.]]}} {{sc|'''me qvoqve'''}}  quemadmodum uos. {{sc|'''similis fortvna'''}} scilicet aduersa. 

{{ancora+|629|[[Aeneis/Liber I#629|629.]]}} {{sc|'''demvm'''}} postea. 


{{ancora+|630|[[Aeneis/Liber I#630|630.]]}} {{sc|'''non ignara mali miseris svccvrrere disco'''}}  quare 'non disco'? quia non sum ignara; bis enim intellegimus 'non', ut supra diximus. sic Sallustius &quot;segnior neque minus gravis et multiplex cura&quot;. 

{{ancora+|631|[[Aeneis/Liber I#631|631.]]}} {{sc|'''simvl aenean in regia dvcit tecta'''}}  et hoc et quod sequitur uidetur auspicium nuptiarum. 

{{ancora+|632|[[Aeneis/Liber I#632|632.]]}} {{sc|'''simvl divvm templis indicit honorem'''}}  apud maiores nostros mos fuit, ut magistratus post res serias quae consulto peragebantur in fine actus adderent 'diis honorem dico', uel alio modo 'hinc ad deos', quod poeta, amator antiquitatis, subtiliter docet; infert enim Didonem post habitum cum Aenea colloquium et iunctam hospitalitatem, 'quare agite o tectis iuvenes succedite nostris' et supra 'urbem quam statuo uestra est' et 'Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur', post actum publicum, diis sacra iussisse; nam subiungit 'simul Aenean in regia ducit tecta, simul divum templis indicit honorem'. {{sc|'''indicit honorem'''}} id est iussit fieri supplicationes. et bene 'indicit', quia Troiani inopinato venerant. et feriae aut legitimae sunt aut indictae. indici autem dicuntur, quia paupertas maiorum ex conlatione sacrificabat, aut certe de bonis damnatorum: unde et supplicia dicuntur supplicationes, quae sunt de bonis supplicia passorum. Sallustius &quot;in suppliciis deorum magnifici&quot;. hinc etiam sacrum et venerabile et exsecrandum intellegimus, quia sacrae res de bonis exsecrandorum fiebant. {{sc|'''indicit honorem'''}} indictiva sacrificia dicebantur quae subito ad praesens tempus indicebantur. dicebantur sacra et honoraria, quod utrumque hoc loco complexus uidetur. 

{{ancora+|635|[[Aeneis/Liber I#635|635.]]}} {{sc|'''terga svvm'''}}  non declinatio 'u' litteram hoc loco geminat, sed ratio nominis in quo est 'u', sicut et in 'rum' mittit genetivum pluralem non per declinationem, sed quia est in nomine 'r', ut patrum. alituum uero ubi legimus, parenthesis est, sicut Mavortis, nam alitum facit. 

{{ancora+|636|[[Aeneis/Liber I#636|636.]]}} {{sc|'''mvnera laetitiamqve dei'''}}  id est Liberi patris, ac per hoc uinum: aut certe ut multi legunt 'laetitiamque die', id est diei, ut supra dicta munera sint multorum dierum usui sufficientia, intellegamus autem missa aliqua etiam ad usum diei. in caesi dilegitur. non nulli 'dii' legunt, sicut ueteres 'famis fami'. Plautus in mercatore &quot;qui aut Nocti, aut Dii, aut Soli, aut Lunae&quot;. sane quidam hunc uersum intellegi non putant posse, ut est ille &quot;quem tibi iam Troia&quot;. 

{{ancora+|637|[[Aeneis/Liber I#637|637.]]}} {{sc|'''splendida instrvitvr'''}}  pro instruitur et splendida fit. {{sc|'''lvxv'''}} modo abundantia, alibi luxuria. et notandum, quia affluentiam ubique exteris gentibus dat, Romanis frugalitatem, qui et duobus tantum cibis utebantur et in atriis sedebant edentes: unde Iuvenalis &quot;quis fercula septem secreto cenavit avus?&quot; et Vergilius &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. {{sc|'''mediis tectis'''}} iuxta cottidianam consuetudinem ait 'mediis', ut si dicamus 'in media domo sua sedens turbatus'. 

{{ancora+|639|[[Aeneis/Liber I#639|639.]]}} {{sc|'''laboratae vestes'''}}  labore perfectae, ut &quot;laboratasque premunt ad pectora ceras&quot;. et est sermo in conpendium coactus, sicut &quot;rapuitque in fomite flammam&quot;, id est raptim fecit. et sane 'uestes' non illas dicit quibus induimur, sed stragulas, super quas discumbitur, sic enim dicebantur 'uestes stragulae'. {{sc|'''ostroqve svperbo'''}} claro, pretioso, id est per se superbo, aut quia superbos faciat. 


{{ancora+|640|[[Aeneis/Liber I#640|640.]]}} {{sc|'''ingens argentvm mensis'''}}  aut subaudi 'exponunt', aut mensas argenteas accipe. {{sc|'''caelataqve in avro'''}} insculpta. et nomen hoc in principali aliam habet naturam, in derivatione mutat. nam celum dicitur ferrum ipsum unde operantur argentarii, quod producitur naturaliter, sed in derivatione mutatur; diphthongus namque est 'caelataque in auro'. 

{{ancora+|641|[[Aeneis/Liber I#641|641.]]}} {{sc|'''fortia facta patrvm'''}}  ueteres enim in conuiviis solebant fortia parentum facta narrare, quae hic etiam insculpta dicit. et hic resoluit poeta illud quod reprehenditur, cur in templo Iunonis non Poenorum, sed Troianorum et Graecorum facta depinxerit, scilicet quod suorum res pretiosiore materia signatas habuerit. {{sc|'''series'''}} ordo conexus. 

{{ancora+|642|[[Aeneis/Liber I#642|642.]]}} {{sc|'''per tot dvcta viros'''}}  a Belo, primo rege Assyriorum, ut &quot;ab antiquo durantia cinnama Belo&quot; usque ad Belum, patrem Didonis, qui et ipse Assyrius fuit, quamuis alio nomine pater Didonis fuisse dicatur. hinc est &quot;quam Belus et omnes a Belo soliti&quot;, cum inter patrem et filiam medius nullus existat. et hoc regis nomen ratione non caret; nam omnes in illis partibus Solem colunt, qui ipsorum lingua El dicitur, unde et g-Hehlios. ergo addita digammo et in fine facta derivatione a Sole regi nomen inposuit. 

{{ancora+|643|[[Aeneis/Liber I#643|643.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneas'''}} sequitur 'rapidum ad naves', cetera per parenthesin dicta sunt. 

{{ancora+|644|[[Aeneis/Liber I#644|644.]]}} {{sc|'''rapidvm ad naves praemittit achaten'''}}  non praemittit, nec enim sequitur ipse, sed praerapidum, quod ex adfectu patris, id est eius qui mittit, intellegendum est, non ex Achatae uelocitate. et sic praerapidum dixit, quomodo Terentius &quot;per pol quam paucos&quot;, hoc est perquam paucos; 'pol' enim ipsum per se plenum est iurantis aduerbium, cui praepositio separatim numquam cohaeret. 

{{ancora+|645|[[Aeneis/Liber I#645|645.]]}} {{sc|'''ferat'''}} adferat, nuntiet, ut &quot;feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|646|[[Aeneis/Liber I#646|646.]]}} {{sc|'''stat'''}} modo 'est', ut &quot;Graio stant nomine dictae&quot;; alias 'horret', ut stant lumina flamma et &quot;stabat acuta silex&quot;; item 'plenum est', ut &quot;iam puluere caelum stare uident&quot; et &quot;stant et iuniperi et castaneae hirsutae&quot;; item 'positum est', ut &quot;stant manibus arae&quot;; item 'placet', ut &quot;stat conferre manum Aeneae&quot; et &quot;stat casus renovare omnes&quot;. pro loco ergo hic sermo intellegendus est. 

{{ancora+|647|[[Aeneis/Liber I#647|647.]]}} {{sc|'''iliacis erepta rvinis'''}}  commendat ex loci difficultate, ut &quot;nec tuta mihi ualle reperti&quot;; item ex persona, ut 'ornatus Argivae Helenae' et 'Ilione quod gesserat olim', ut &quot;hoc Priami gestamen erat&quot;: quemadmodum plerumque ex longinquitate, ut &quot;ex Aethiopia est usque haec&quot;. {{sc|'''erepta'''}} ostendit ualde pretiosa, quae meruerunt ex ruinis civitatis eripi. laborat autem poeta hoc sermone probare, ab Aenea non esse proditam patriam, si ornatus Helenae, quam cum Antenore Troiam prodidisse manifestum est, ex incendio eripuit bellorum casu, non pro praemio proditionis accepit. 

{{ancora+|648|[[Aeneis/Liber I#648|648.]]}} {{sc|'''signis avroqve'''}}  signis aureis, ut &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. {{sc|'''pallam rigentem'''}} duram propter aurum, sicut uel novas uestes uidemus. significat autem tunicopallium, quod secundum Varronem palla dicta est ab inrugatione et mobilitate, quae est et circa finem huiusmodi uestium, g-apo g-tou g-pallein. 

{{ancora+|649|[[Aeneis/Liber I#649|649.]]}} {{sc|'''et circvmtextvm velamen'''}}  cycladem significat. {{sc|'''acantho'''}} genus uirgulti flexuosum, quod uulgo herbacanthum dicunt, in cuius imitationem arte uestis ornatur. Varro ita refert: &quot;Onesicritos ait, in India esse arbores, quae lanam ferant, item Epicadus in Sicilia, quarum floribus quom dempti sint nuclei ex his inplicitis mulieres multiplicem conficere uestem&quot;. hinc uestimenta acanthina appellata. 


{{ancora+|650|[[Aeneis/Liber I#650|650.]]}} {{sc|'''ornatvs argivae helenae'''}}  a uicinitate dixit 'Argivae'. et paulo post 'Mycenis', cum Spartana fuerit, quae civitas est in Laconica; nam legimus &quot;me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnavit adulter&quot;. et uide iam omen infelicitatis futurae, cum adulterae suscipit munera. {{sc|'''qvos illa mycenis'''}} hic quoque commendatio muneris a persona, quae in fuga magni fecerit. 

{{ancora+|651|[[Aeneis/Liber I#651|651.]]}} {{sc|'''pergama cvm peteret'''}}  eo tempore quo a Paride sollicitata est Helena Venere faciente, quae ei praemium pro uictoria, quam de malo aureo acceperat, alienum matrimonium concilians soluerat. nota fabula omnibus traditum est, quamuis uera historia hoc habere dicatur, non sollicitatam a Paride Helenam, sed cum non ei consentiret, ut absente eo tempore Menelao sponte eum sequeretur ad Troiam, expugnata civitate ui a Paride sublatam. unde factum est, ut Paris timore, ne qui eum insequerentur, non recto itinere properaret ad patriam, sed deverteret ad Aegyptum et ad regem Proteum veniret. qui cum esset sacrificus et agnovisset alienam uxorem a Paride raptam, duci eam dicitur subtraxisse et nescio quibus disciplinis phantasma in similitudinem Helenae formatum Paridi dedisse, quod in undecimo plenius invenies. {{sc|'''inconcessosqve hymenaeos'''}} et fato et legibus. Hymenaeus autem ut alii dicunt deus est nuptiarum, ut alii, quidam iuvenis fuit, qui die nuptiarum oppressus ruina est, unde expiationis causa nominatur in nuptiis. falsum est autem; nam uitari magis debuit nomen extincti. sed hoc habet ueritas: Hymenaeus quidam apud Athenas inter bella saevissima uirgines liberavit, quam ob causam nubentes eius inuocant nomen, quasi liberatoris uirginitatis. hinc etiam apud Romanos Thalassio inuocatur. cum enim in raptu Sabinarum plebeius quidam raptam pulcherrimam duceret, ne ei auferretur ab aliis, Thalassionis eam ducis nobilis esse simulavit, cuius nomine fuit puellae tuta uirginitas. 

{{ancora+|652|[[Aeneis/Liber I#652|652.]]}} {{sc|'''extvlerat'''}} secum exportaverat. {{sc|'''matris ledae mirabile donvm'''}} uel quod ipsa filiae, uel quod ei Iuppiter dederat. 

{{ancora+|653|[[Aeneis/Liber I#653|653.]]}} {{sc|'''praeterea sceptrvm ilione'''}}  bene offert munera apta personis, sicut etiam Latino in septimo. {{sc|'''ilione qvod gesserat olim'''}} quia etiam feminae sceptro utebantur. 'gesserat' autem pro gestaverat, ut &quot;hoc Priami gestamen erat&quot;. et quaeritur, utrum hoc sceptrum de Thracia, an de Troia sublatum. quidam Aeneae ab Iliona datum dicunt. sed quamuis apta nupturae reginae sint munera, tamen futurorum malorum continere omen uidentur. 

{{ancora+|654|[[Aeneis/Liber I#654|654.]]}} {{sc|'''maxima natarvm priami'''}}  quia ante etiam feminae regnabant, praesertim primogenitae; unde est 'maxima'. haec autem uxor Polymestoris fuit, quae post captum Ilium eiecta a uiro manu sua interiit. {{sc|'''monile'''}} ornamentum gutturis, quod et segmentum dicunt, ut Iuvenalis &quot;segmenta et longos habitus&quot;, licet segmentatas uestes dicamus, ut ipse &quot;et segmentatis dormisset paruula cunis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|655|[[Aeneis/Liber I#655|655.]]}} {{sc|'''bacatvm'''}} ornatum margaritis. dicimus autem et haec margarita et hoc margaritum et haec margaris, quod Graecum est, quo modo Nais. sane multi separant gemmam a margarita, ut Cicero &quot;nullam gemmam aut margaritam&quot;, et gemmas uolunt dici diversi coloris, margaritas uero albas; uel gemmas integras, margaritas pertusas. {{sc|'''dvplicem'''}} aut latam, ut &quot;duplici aptantur dentalia dorso&quot;, item at &quot;duplex agitur per lumbos spina&quot;: aut certe re uera duplicem gemmis et auro. sane inmiscet Romanam consuetudinem; coronis enim feminae utebantur. 

{{ancora+|656|[[Aeneis/Liber I#656|656.]]}} {{sc|'''haec celerans'''}}  celeriter facere cupiens. 

{{ancora+|657|[[Aeneis/Liber I#657|657.]]}} {{sc|'''at cytherea'''}}  ab insula quae numero tantum plurali dicitur, ut &quot;sunt alta Cythera&quot;. {{sc|'''novas artes'''}} ars ton meson est, unde sine epitheto male ponitur. ueteres autem artes pro dolis ponebant, ut Terentius in heauton timorumeno &quot;offendi quendam ibi militem eius noctem orantem: haec arte tractabat uirum&quot;, item in Phormione &quot;artificem probum&quot;; nam et Graeci g-dolos g-technas dicunt, ut in secundo &quot;periurique arte Sinonis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|658|[[Aeneis/Liber I#658|658.]]}} {{sc|'''faciem mvtatvs'''}}  nota figura est. quod autem addidit 'et ora', perissologia est. 

{{ancora+|659|[[Aeneis/Liber I#659|659.]]}} {{sc|'''fvrentem incendat reginam'''}}  incendat et furere faciat, ut &quot;animumque labantem inpulit&quot;. {{sc|'''inplicet'''}} proprie ait; inpliciti enim morbo dicuntur; nam et amor morbus. 


{{ancora+|661|[[Aeneis/Liber I#661|661.]]}} {{sc|'''domvm timet ambigvam'''}}  in qua habitat mutabilis femina, ut &quot;uarium et mutabile semper femina&quot;, item Iuno in quarto &quot;suspectas habuisse domos Carthaginis altae&quot;. {{sc|'''ambigvam'''}} modo incertam. alias 'ambiguam' pro gemina duplicique accipitur, ut &quot;agnovit prolem ambiguam&quot;. {{sc|'''bilingves'''}} fallaces; nec enim ad linguam rettulit, sed ad mentem. 

{{ancora+|662|[[Aeneis/Liber I#662|662.]]}} {{sc|'''atrox ivno'''}}  quantum ad Venerem pertinet saeva, non quod ita de ea poeta iudicet. {{sc|'''et svb noctem cvra recvrsat'''}} circa noctem. et sciendum quia, cum tempus significatur, sub praepositio accusativo cohaeret, ut &quot;aut ubi sub lucem densa inter nubila sese diversi rumpunt radii&quot;. et bene 'sub noctem cura recursat', quia uehementiores curae uel circa noctem uel per noctem sunt. 'recursat' autem recurrit et revertitur; quasi semper in mentem venit. 

{{ancora+|663|[[Aeneis/Liber I#663|663.]]}} {{sc|'''aligervm'''}} compositum a poeta nomen. {{sc|'''ergo his aligervm dictis adfatvr amorem'''}} latini deum ipsum 'Cupidinem' uocant, hoc quod facit 'amorem'. sed hic imitatus est Graecos, qui uno nomine utrumque significant; nam Amorem dixit deum: sed discrevit epitheto. sane numen hoc ratione non caret. nam quia turpitudinis est stulta cupiditas, puer pingitur, ut &quot;inter quas curam Clymene narrabat inanem&quot;, id est amorem, item quia inperfectus est in amantibus sermo, sicut in puero, ut &quot;incipit effari mediaque in uoce resistit&quot;. alatus autem ideo est, quia amantibus nec levius aliquid nec mutabilius invenitur, ut in ipsa probatur Didone; nam de eius interitu cogitat, cuius paulo ante amore deperibat, ut &quot;non potui abreptum divellere corpus&quot;. sagittas uero ideo gestare dicitur, quia et ipsae incertae uelocesque sunt. et haec ratio paene in omnibus aliis numinibus pro potestatum qualitate formatur. 

{{ancora+|664|[[Aeneis/Liber I#664|664.]]}} {{sc|'''nate meae vires'''}}  aut quia Veneria uoluptas exerceri sine amore non potest, aut secundum Simoniden qui dicit, Cupidinem ex Venere tantum esse progenitum: quamquam alii dicant ex ipsa et Marte, alii ex ipsa et Vulcano, alii uero Chai et primae rerum naturae eum esse filium uelint. sane et hic persuasoriam agit, sicut superius, ubi Iuno ad Aeolum loquitur &quot;Aeole, namque tibi&quot;. sed ibi quia dea cum homine loquebatur, principio opus non fuit, hic uero principio usus est, quia dea cum deo loquitur ad benivolentiam comparandam. 'nate' ab indulgentissimo nomine: causa amoris 'mea magna potentia': quid possit facere 'qui tela typhoea temnis': pro quo 'frater ut Aeneas pelago tuus': contra quem 'odiis Iunonis iniquae': nam quod dicit 'frater tuus', non 'filius meus', ostendit etiam ei profuturum qui rogatur; nam ex eo genere est illud 'et nostro doluisti saepe dolore'. sequitur causa 'hunc Phoenissa tenet Dido': timor ipsius 'et uereor quo se Iunonia uertant hospitia': rem ipsam 'quocirca capere ante dolis': modus 'qua facere id possis': quamdiu 'noctem non amplius unam': an difficile sit 'et notos pueri puer indue uultus': quomodo 'ut cum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido': subito amabit 'occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno': nihil promisit; quid enim promitteret deo? SOLUS, {{sc|'''nate'''}} qui Iovis contemnis fulmina, quae diis ceteris solent esse terrori. 

{{ancora+|665|[[Aeneis/Liber I#665|665.]]}} {{sc|'''patris svmmi'''}}  nunc quidem de Iove proprie dixit. sciendum tamen pro qualitate rerum uel personarum summum deum dici uel patrem; nam unusquisque eum summum putat esse quem colit, ut &quot;summe deum sancti custos Soractis Apollo&quot;. {{sc|'''typhoea'''}} multi 'Typhoia' legunt, ut cerialia et cerealea. 'Typhoea' autem dixit non quibus Typhoeus usus est, sed quibus Iuppiter in Typhoeum: a spoliis id est uirtute et uictoria epitheton posuit, ut Scipio Africanus et Metellus Creticus. {{sc|'''temnis'''}} aphaeresis est pro contemnis. hac autem laude hoc agit, facile eum posse Iunonem contemnere qui contemnit et Iovem. 

{{ancora+|666|[[Aeneis/Liber I#666|666.]]}} {{sc|'''ad te confvgio'''}}  personarum ratio facit laudis augmentum. {{sc|'''tva nvmina'''}} possibilitatem. et notandum unum deum plura habere numina, ut supra diximus de Iunone. 

{{ancora+|667|[[Aeneis/Liber I#667|667.]]}} {{sc|'''frater vt aeneas'''}}  conciliatio a qualitate personae. 'ut' autem est quemadmodum, quod in pronuntiatione extenditur, quando temporis non est. 

{{ancora+|668|[[Aeneis/Liber I#668|668.]]}} {{sc|'''iactetvrqve'''}} uacat 'que'. {{sc|'''odiis ivnonis iniqvae'''}} iusta causa petitionis ostenditur. 'odium' autem 'o' in nomine breve est, in uerbo longum, ut 'odi', quemadmodum 'liquor' 'li' brevis est, 'liquitur' longa. 

{{ancora+|669|[[Aeneis/Liber I#669|669.]]}} {{sc|'''nota tibi'''}}  Graeca figura est, ut Terentius &quot;mira uero militi quae placeant&quot;. NOSTRO DOLVISTI SAEPE DOLORE 'nostro' aut eo quo et ego, aut 'doluisti' ideo quia me dolentem uidisti, ut 'dolea illa re'. 


{{ancora+|670|[[Aeneis/Liber I#670|670.]]}} {{sc|'''phoenissa'''}} de Phoenice. {{sc|'''tenet'''}} moratur. {{sc|'''blandis vocibvs'''}} ideo dixit 'blandis', ut ostenderet Didonem facile amore incendi posse, quae ante iam blanda est, quam amat. 

{{ancora+|671|[[Aeneis/Liber I#671|671.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo se ivnonia vertant hospitia'''}}  'quo' in quam partem. 'Iunonia' autem 'hospitia' Carthaginem dicit, ubi habitabat Iuno, ut &quot;hic illius arma&quot;: aut certe hoc ipsum uereor, quod Aeneae Carthago in hospitium patuit, ut est &quot;timeo Danaos et dona ferentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|672|[[Aeneis/Liber I#672|672.]]}} {{sc|'''havd tanto cessabit cardine rervm'''}}  aut g-deiktikos dixit, ne in tantum quidem, hoc est brevi occasione cessabit; aut simpliciter intellegendum est, non poterit in tanta rerum opportunitate cessare, ut sit de proverbio tractum, quo dicitur 'res in cardine est', hoc est in articulo. quidam sic intellegunt: cum in incerto statutae res sunt, in cardine esse dicuntur, et translationem uerbi a ianua tractam uolunt, quae motu cardinis hac atque illac inpelli potest. 

{{ancora+|673|[[Aeneis/Liber I#673|673.]]}} {{sc|'''qvocirca'''}} quapropter. {{sc|'''meditor'''}} mente pertracto. 

{{ancora+|674|[[Aeneis/Liber I#674|674.]]}} {{sc|'''ne qvo se nvmine mvtet'''}}  'quo' uel uacat, uel pronomen est. et bene supprimit nomen Iunonis, ne eius frequenti commemoratione Cupidinem terreat; magis enim uult eum intellegere, quam audire Iunonem. aut certe aduerbium est, ut sit, timeo ne se numine Dido aliquam commutet in partem. 

{{ancora+|675|[[Aeneis/Liber I#675|675.]]}} {{sc|'''mecvm'''}} id est cum officio Venerio, nec potest intellegi 'quemadmodum ego'; aliter enim a matre Aeneas amatur, aliter a Didone. {{sc|'''mecvm'''}} per meos amores, id est me adnitente. 

{{ancora+|676|[[Aeneis/Liber I#676|676.]]}} {{sc|'''qva'''}} id est quomodo. {{sc|'''accipe'''}} audi, ut &quot;accipe nunc Danaum insidias&quot;, ut contra 'da' dic; ut &quot;da, non indebita posco&quot; et &quot;da Tityre nobis&quot;. {{sc|'''mentem'''}} dispositionem, consilium. 

{{ancora+|677|[[Aeneis/Liber I#677|677.]]}} {{sc|'''accitv'''}} evocatione. et est quartae declinationis. 

{{ancora+|678|[[Aeneis/Liber I#678|678.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem sidoniam'''}}  quam tenent Sidonii. {{sc|'''mea maxima cvra'''}} et Aeneas cura est, sed Ascanius maxima, &quot;cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus debentur&quot;: et ubique Ascanius maxima cura Veneris introducitur, ut &quot;Veneris iustissima cura&quot;, item &quot;hunc tegere et dirae ualeam subducere pugnae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|679|[[Aeneis/Liber I#679|679.]]}} {{sc|'''dona restantia'''}}  quae restiterunt, quae superfuerunt. et ante pelagus posuit, cum post Troiae eversionem navigaverit Aeneas. 

{{ancora+|680|[[Aeneis/Liber I#680|680.]]}} {{sc|'''sopitvm somno'''}}  unum quidem est sopor et somnus, sed modo 'sopitum' inrigatum intellegimus. {{sc|'''cythera'''}} sicut supra dictum est genere neutro pluraliter, ut alibi &quot;sunt alta Cythera&quot;. 


{{ancora+|681|[[Aeneis/Liber I#681|681.]]}} {{sc|'''idalivm'''}} Cypri nemus est, in quo oppidum breve, ut paulo post &quot;Idaliae lucos&quot;, item &quot;Idaliumque nemus&quot;. {{sc|'''sacrata sede'''}} uel templi uel oppidi. 

{{ancora+|682|[[Aeneis/Liber I#682|682.]]}} {{sc|'''ne qva'''}}  'qua' uacat, ut frequenter diximus. {{sc|'''medivs'''}} inportunus, incongruus. 

{{ancora+|683|[[Aeneis/Liber I#683|683.]]}} {{sc|'''tv faciem illivs'''}}  'faciem' pro uultu posuit. nullus enim faciem alterius potest accipere, sed uultum, qui pro mentis qualitate formatur: unde infra est 'et notos pueri puer indue uultus'. {{sc|'''tv faciem illivs'''}} quod difficile numini non est, ut in faciem mutetur alterius. sane 'illius' in Georgicis corripuit, ut &quot;illius inmensae&quot;. {{sc|'''noctem non amplivs vnam'''}} ut supra diximus artis poeticae est non omnia dicere: unde nunc praemisit 'noctem unam'; nec enim dicturus est aut abscessum Cupidinis aut aduentum Ascanii. 

{{ancora+|684|[[Aeneis/Liber I#684|684.]]}} {{sc|'''pveri pver'''}}  argumentum a facili. {{sc|'''laetissima dido'''}} non est epitheton perpetuum, id est cum laeta esse coeperit. 

{{ancora+|686|[[Aeneis/Liber I#686|686.]]}} {{sc|'''regales inter mensas'''}}  epulas intemperantes, in quibus castitas rara est et facilis amoris occasio: unde est &quot;sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus&quot;. {{sc|'''laticemqve lyaevm'''}} latex proprie aqua est fontium ab eo quod intra terrae venas lateat, sed et uinum latet intra uvam, unde nunc dixit laticem. 'Lyaeum' autem pro 'Lyaeium' dixit, figurate ponens principalitatem pro derivatione. 

{{ancora+|688|[[Aeneis/Liber I#688|688.]]}} {{sc|'''occvltvm inspires ignem'''}}  definitio amoris est ignis occultus. {{sc|'''veneno'''}} venenum dictum ab eo quod per venas eat. ideo post ait &quot;longumque bibebat amorem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|689|[[Aeneis/Liber I#689|689.]]}} {{sc|'''paret amor dictis'''}}  ut supra pro Cupidine amorem ponit. sane notandum, quod interdum ubi inducit minorem festinantem parere, maiori respondentem eum non facit, ut hoc loco Cupidinem, ut in quarto &quot;ille patris magni parere parabat imperio&quot;, et in septimo &quot;exin Gorgoneis Alecto infecta venenis&quot;. 


{{ancora+|690|[[Aeneis/Liber I#690|690.]]}} {{sc|'''et alas exvit'''}}  laus ingens Ascanii per transitum, siquidem Cupido alis tantum depositis Ascanius fuit. 

{{ancora+|691|[[Aeneis/Liber I#691|691.]]}} {{sc|'''placidam per membra qvietem'''}}  aut epitheton est quietis, aut ideo 'placidam' dixit, quia est quies, quae potest etiam somniorum terrore turbari. 

{{ancora+|692|[[Aeneis/Liber I#692|692.]]}} {{sc|'''inrigat'''}} infundit: proprie quia et somnus sic pingitur quasi cornu infundat. {{sc|'''fotvm'''}} sublatum, complexum. 

{{ancora+|693|[[Aeneis/Liber I#693|693.]]}} {{sc|'''amaracvs'''}} hic puer regius unguentarius fuit, qui casu lapsus dum ferret unguenta, maiorem ex unguentorum confusione odorem creavit: unde optima unguenta amaracina dicuntur. hic postea in herbam sampsucum uersus est, quam nunc etiam amaracum dicunt. 

{{ancora+|695|[[Aeneis/Liber I#695|695.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve ibat'''}}  cum uix Venus ista dixisset. sane neque festinantibus personis neque minoribus est respondendi facultas, ut hoc loco Cupidini, Mercurio supra, item in quarto, ut in septimo Furiae. 

{{ancora+|697|[[Aeneis/Liber I#697|697.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm venit'''}}  aut pro 'cum veniret', aut ut 'cum' sit aduerbium temporis pro dum; nec enim potest coniunctivi modi particula iungi indicativo. sane sciendum, malo errore 'cum' et 'dum' a Romanis esse confusa. {{sc|'''avlaeis'''}} uelis pictis, quae ideo aulaea dicta sunt, quod primum in aula Attali regis Asiae, qui populum Romanum scripsit heredem, inuenta sunt. ideo autem etiam in domibus tendebantur aulaea, ut imitatio tentoriorum fieret, sub quibus bellantes semper habitavere maiores: unde et in thalamis hoc fieri hodieque conspicimus. Varro tamen dicit uela solere suspendi ad excipiendum puluerem, quia usus camerae ignorabatur: unde Horatius &quot;interea suspensa gravis aulaea ruinas in patinam fecere, trahentia pulueris atri, quantum non Aquilo Campanis excitat oris&quot;. sciendum sane omnia Graeca nomina in e exeuntia, cum derivationem faciunt, e in ae diphthongon conuertere, ut aule aulaea, g-Ideh Idaea, g-Aitneh Aetnaea. {{sc|'''svperbis'''}} nobilibus, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;. 

{{ancora+|698|[[Aeneis/Liber I#698|698.]]}} {{sc|'''avrea'''}} si 'Dido aurea', pulchram significat, et est nominativus, si 'sponda aurea', septimus quidem est, sed synizesis fit, et spondeus est. {{sc|'''sponda'''}} antiqui stibadia non habebant, sed stratis tribus lectis epulabantur, unde et triclinium sterni dicitur. sic Cicero &quot;sterni triclinia, et in foro sterni iubebat&quot;. unde apparet errare eos, qui triclinium dicunt ipsam basilicam uel cenationem. {{sc|'''mediamqve locavit'''}} ipse enim apud maiores domini fuerat locus, ut aperte Sallustius docet &quot;igitur discubuere: Sertorius inferior in medio, super eum L- Fabius Hispaniensis senator ex proscriptis; in summo Antonius, et infra scriba Sertorii Versius; et alter scriba Maecenas in imo, medius inter Tarquinium et dominum Perpernam&quot;. {{sc|'''locavit'''}} collocavit. 

{{ancora+|699|[[Aeneis/Liber I#699|699.]]}} {{sc|'''iam pater aeneas'''}}  religiosus, quia pater proprie omnium deorum epitheton est, ut ubique ostendit Vergilius. 


{{ancora+|700|[[Aeneis/Liber I#700|700.]]}} {{sc|'''ostro'''}} pro purpura posuit, unde tingitur purpura. 

{{ancora+|701|[[Aeneis/Liber I#701|701.]]}} {{sc|'''dant manibvs famvli lymphas'''}}  humilis character, qui ischnos dicitur; uilia enim describuntur. {{sc|'''cereremqve canistris'''}} hic panem, alibi triticum, ut &quot;tum Cererem corruptam undis&quot;. {{sc|'''expedivnt'''}} proferunt. TONSISQUE FERUNT MANTELIA VILLIS 'tonsis uillis' uel minutis uel conpositis, ut &quot;tonsa coma, pressa corona est&quot;; constat enim maiores mappas habuisse uillosas, quibus etiam in sacris utebantur, sicut in georgicis &quot;manibus liquidos dant ordine fontis germanae, tonsisque ferunt mantelia uillis&quot;; de supplicaturis enim hoc dixit. 'mantelia' uero a manibus tergendis dicta, et est nominativus mantele, quo modo torale. quod autem legimus &quot;ne turpe toral&quot;, apocope est. 

{{ancora+|703|[[Aeneis/Liber I#703|703.]]}} {{sc|'''qvinqvaginta'''}} hoc est multae. {{sc|'''ordine longo'''}} id est dispositione, secundum Tullium, qui in oeconomicis dicit, quid ubi ponendum sit; nec enim debent universa confundi. {{sc|'''cvra penvm strvere'''}} inter penum et cellarium hoc interest, quod cellarium est paucorum dierum, unde et in cellam dicitur imperatum frumentum, penus uero temporis longi. sane dicimus et hic et haec et hoc penus, sed a masculino et a feminino genere quarta est declinatio, a neutro tertia, quo modo pecus pecoris. unde Horatius &quot;portet frumenta penusque&quot;, masculino uero genere Plautus &quot;nisi mihi annuus penus datur&quot;, feminino Lucilius posuit, ut &quot;uxori legata penus&quot;. quartae autem declinationis esse Persius docet, ut in &quot;locuplete penu defensis pinguibus Umbris&quot;. 

{{ancora+|704|[[Aeneis/Liber I#704|704.]]}} {{sc|'''strvere'''}} ordinare, conponere, unde et structores dicuntur ferculorum conpositores. {{sc|'''et flammis adolere penates'''}} colere. sed adolere proprie est augere. in sacris autem kat' euphemismon adolere per bonum omen dicitur; nam in aris non adolentur aliqua, sed cremantur et consumuntur. {{sc|'''et flammis adolere penates'''}} quia ueteres in focis sacrificabant, ut ipse alibi &quot;hortor amare focos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|705|[[Aeneis/Liber I#705|705.]]}} {{sc|'''totidemqve pares aetate ministri'''}}  non numerus habet admirationem, sed aetatis aequalitas. 

{{ancora+|706|[[Aeneis/Liber I#706|706.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi dapibvs mensas onerent'''}}  dapes regum sunt, epulae privatorum. 'onerent' autem potest et ad abundantiam retulisse et de ueterum more dixisse, quibus cum accubuissent omnis cena semel adponebatur. et quidam uolunt hoc secundum ueterem caerimoniarum ritum aduerti debere, quod flamini Diali mensa inanis non anteponebatur; nam cum dicit 'qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant', et alibi &quot;et uina reponite mensis&quot;, quid aliud ostendit, quam mensam uacuam non antepositam Aeneae, quem ubique omnia sacerdotia inducit habuisse? {{sc|'''et pocvla ponant'''}} secundum antiquum locutus est morem, quia ueteribus non in manus dabantur pocula, sed mensis adponebantur, ut hodieque apud plures pocula in canistris argenteis adponuntur, quae canistra siccaria dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|708|[[Aeneis/Liber I#708|708.]]}} {{sc|'''toris pictis'''}}  pro in toris pictis. et torus dictus est, quod ueteres super herbam tortam uel sedebant uel discumbebant, ut &quot;proximus ut uiridante toro consederat herbae&quot;. {{sc|'''ivssi discvmbere'''}} bene 'iussi' de regiis satellitibus dixit, qui utique subiecti habebantur imperio, nec tamquam hospites fuerant inuitati. discumbere autem iuxta consuetudinem suorum temporum dixit, quia olim sedentes uescebantur, ut ipse alibi &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|709|[[Aeneis/Liber I#709|709.]]}} {{sc|'''mirantvr dona aeneae'''}} , {{sc|'''mirantvr ivlvm'''}} hoc ad Tyrios rettulit. {{sc|'''mirantvr ivlvm'''}} quem putabant Iulum. 


{{ancora+|710|[[Aeneis/Liber I#710|710.]]}} {{sc|'''flagrantisqve dei vvltvs'''}}  hoc ad poetam refertur. {{sc|'''flagrantis'''}} ardentis divinitate. {{sc|'''simvlataqve verba'''}} conposita in Ascanii similitudinem. et hoc ex persona poetae accipiendum 

{{ancora+|712|[[Aeneis/Liber I#712|712.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipve infelix'''}}  propter casum futurum, ut probant sequentia 'pesti devota futurae'. ideo ergo infelix. 'pesti' autem amori uel malo. 'devota' uero de oratione Augusti translata locutio, quam habuit in laudatione funeris Marcelli, cum diceret, illum inmaturae morti devotum fuisse. 

{{ancora+|713|[[Aeneis/Liber I#713|713.]]}} {{sc|'''expleri mentem neqvit'''}}  Graeca figura est. {{sc|'''tvendo'''}} dum intuetur. et omnis gerundi modus tam ab agentis quam a patientis significatione similiter profertur, ut &quot;cantando tu illum&quot;, id est dum cantas, et &quot;frigidus in pratis cantando rumpitur anguis&quot;, id est dum ei cantatur. 

{{ancora+|714|[[Aeneis/Liber I#714|714.]]}} {{sc|'''ille vbi'''}}  postquam, ut Horatius &quot;nos ubi decidimus&quot;, hoc est postquam; nam si loci esset, 'quo' diceret. ergo 'ubi' interdum aduerbium loci est, interdum temporis. 

{{ancora+|716|[[Aeneis/Liber I#716|716.]]}} {{sc|'''et magnvm'''}}  arduum; difficile est enim imitari uerum filii adfectum. {{sc|'''falsi implevit genitoris amorem'''}} non ueri, uel pro eo qui fallebatur, ut sit, implevit amorem eius quem decipiebat simulando eum esse patrem suum, et est magis absolutum participium; nam illic nomen est &quot;falsi Simoentis ad undam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|717|[[Aeneis/Liber I#717|717.]]}} {{sc|'''reginam petit'''}}  non simpliciter dixit 'petit'; nam petere est proprie insidiari. 

{{ancora+|718|[[Aeneis/Liber I#718|718.]]}} {{sc|'''gremio fovet'''}}  sustinet, ut &quot;et fotum gremio&quot;. 

{{ancora+|719|[[Aeneis/Liber I#719|719.]]}} {{sc|'''insidat'''}} in sinu sedeat, legitur tamen et 'insideat', id est ut quidam uolunt insidias faciat. {{sc|'''at memor ille matris'''}} hoc est praeceptorum matris. 


{{ancora+|720|[[Aeneis/Liber I#720|720.]]}} {{sc|'''acidaliae'''}} Acidalia Venus dicitur uel quia inicit curas, quas Graeci g-akidas dicunt, uel certe a fonte Acidalio qui est in Orchomeno Boeotiae civitate, in quo se Gratiae lavant, quas Veneri esse constat sacratas; ipsius enim et Liberi filiae sunt: nec immerito; gratiae enim per horum fere numinum munera conciliantur. ideo autem nudae sunt, quod gratiae sine fuco esse debent, ideo conexae, quia insolubiles esse gratias decet: Horatius &quot;segnesque nodum soluere Gratiae&quot;. quod uero una aversa pingitur, duae nos respicientes, haec ratio est, quia profecta a nobis gratia duplex solet reverti, unde est supra &quot;nec te certasse priorem paeniteat&quot;. sane Veneri multa nomina pro locis uel causis dicuntur inposita. nam Venerem uocari quidam propter promptam veniam dicunt. alii &quot;Suadam&quot; appellant, quod ipsa conciliatio Suada sit. dicitur etiam &quot;Obsequens VenusV, quam Fabius Gurges post peractum bellum Samniticum ideo hoc nomine consecravit, quod sibi fuerit obsecuta: hanc Itali &quot;Postuotam&quot; dicunt. dicta est etiam &quot;Equestris Venus&quot;, dicta et &quot;Cloacina&quot;, quia ueteres cloare purgare dixerunt. dicitur et &quot;Myrica&quot; et &quot;Myrtea&quot; et &quot;Purpurissa&quot;. est et &quot;Erycina&quot;, quam Aeneas secum aduexit. dicitur et &quot;Salacia&quot;, quae proprie meretricum dea appellata est a ueteribus, et &quot;Lubentina&quot;, quae lubentiam mentibus novam praestat, quamuis alii hanc &quot;Lubiam&quot; dicant, quod eo numine consilia in medullas labantur. alii &quot;Mimnerniam&quot; uel &quot;Meminiam&quot; dicunt, quod meminerit omnium. est et &quot;Verticordia&quot;, est et &quot;Militaris VenusV, est et &quot;Limnesia&quot; quae portubus praeest. ipsa et &quot;Victrix&quot; et &quot;Genetrix&quot; ex Caesaris somnio sacrata. est et &quot;Venus Calua&quot; ob hanc causam, quod cum Galli Capitolium obsiderent et deessent funes Romanis ad tormenta facienda, prima Domitia crinem suum, post ceterae matronae imitatae eam exsecuerunt, unde facta tormenta, et post bellum statua Veneri hoc nomine collocata est, licet alii Caluam Venerem quasi puram tradant, alii Caluam, quod corda amantum caluiat, id est fallat atque eludat. quidam dicunt porrigine olim capillos cecidisse feminis et Ancum regem suae uxori statuam caluam posuisse, quod constitit piaculo; nam post omnibus feminis capilli renati sunt, unde institutum, ut Calua Venus coleretur. apud Cyprios Venus in modum umbilici, uel ut quidam uolunt, metae colitur. apud Ephesios &quot;Venerem Automatam&quot; dixerunt, uel &quot;Epidaetiam&quot;. ratio autem horum nominum talis est. Meliboea et Alexis amore se mutuo dilexerunt et iuramento se adstrinxerunt, ut cum tempus nuptiarum venisset sibimet iungerentur: sed cum uirginem parentes sui alii despondissent et hoc Alexis uidisset, spontaneum subiit exilium. uirgo autem ipso nuptiarum die semet de tecto praecipitavit: quae cum inlaesa decidisset, in fugam conuersa pervenit ad litus ibique scapham ascendit, ex qua sponte funes soluti esse dicuntur. uoluntate itaque deorum peruecta est ubi amator morabatur: quam cum ille parans cum sodalibus conuivium suscepisset, pro ipso rei eventu templum constituit. quod ergo sponte fuissent ⟨funes⟩ soluti, Automatae Veneri nomen sacravit, quodque cum epulas pararet uirgo ei aquis fuisset aduecta, Epidaetiae sacravit. {{sc|'''abolere sichaevm incipit'''}} ordo naturalis. prius enim est avellere inhaerentia, et post nova inferre. sic Terentius &quot;ut metum in quo nunc est adimam atque expleam animum gaudio&quot;. 

{{ancora+|721|[[Aeneis/Liber I#721|721.]]}} {{sc|'''vivo amore'''}}  aut uivi hominis, aut certe uehementi. {{sc|'''praevertere'''}} praeoccupare: propter Iunonem sine dubio. 

{{ancora+|722|[[Aeneis/Liber I#722|722.]]}} {{sc|'''resides'''}} pigros, ad amandum inertes; iuraverat enim nulli se esse nupturam. resides sane milites otiosi et pigri dicuntur, ut &quot;residesque movebit Tullus in arma uiros&quot;. unde contra instantes dicimus industrios. 

{{ancora+|723|[[Aeneis/Liber I#723|723.]]}} {{sc|'''qvies epvlis'''}}  propter regalem affluentiam. contra supra ait &quot;postquam exempta fames&quot;. {{sc|'''mensaeqve remotae'''}} licet sub extranea persona, Romanorum tamen exsequitur morem, apud quos duae mensae erant: una epularum, altera poculorum. 

{{ancora+|724|[[Aeneis/Liber I#724|724.]]}} {{sc|'''crateras'''}} Graecum est ab eo quod est 'hic crater'; nam Latine haec cratera dicitur, unde Persius &quot;si tibi crateras argenti incusaque pingui auro dona feram&quot;. ET VINA CORONANT 'uina' pro poculis posuit, et est tropus synecdoche, ut Cererem dicimus pro frumento. sic Plautus &quot;uinum precemur; nam hic deus praesens adest&quot;. 'coronant' autem est aut inplent usque ad marginem, aut quia antiqui coronabant pocula, et sic libabant: unde est &quot;magnum cratera corona induit, inplevitque mero&quot;. 

{{ancora+|725|[[Aeneis/Liber I#725|725.]]}} {{sc|'''it strepitvs tectis'''}}  id est ad tecta, ut &quot;it clamor caelo&quot;. legitur autem et 'fit strepitus tectis'. 

{{ancora+|726|[[Aeneis/Liber I#726|726.]]}} {{sc|'''atria'''}} ut supra diximus, tangit Romanam historiam; nam ut ait Cato et in atrio et duobus ferculis epulabantur antiqui: unde ait Iuvenalis &quot;quis fercula septem secreto cenavit avus?&quot; ibi etiam pecunias habebant: unde etiam qui honoratiores erant liminum custodes adhibebantur, ut &quot;qui Dardanio Anchisae armiger ante fuit, fidusque ad limina custos&quot;. ibi et culina erat: unde et atrium dictum est; atrum enim erat ex fumo. alii dicunt Atriam Etruriae civitatem fuisse, quae domos amplis uestibulis habebat: quae cum Romani imitarentur atria appellaverunt. alii atria magnas aedes et capacissimas dictas tradunt, unde atria Licinia et atrium Libertatis. {{sc|'''lychni'''}} graeco sermone usus est, ne uile aliquid introferret. a lychno autem lucerna dicta est, unde et brevis est 'lu', ut Iuvenalis &quot;dispositae pinguem nebulam uomuere lucernae&quot;. Horatius &quot;ungor olivo, non quo furatis inmundus Natta lucernis&quot;. si enim a luce diceretur, non staret uersus. {{sc|'''laqvearibvs'''}} principaliter lacus dicitur, ut Lucilius &quot;resultant aedesque lacusque&quot;; diminutio lacunar facit, ut Horatius &quot;nec mea renidet in domo lacunar&quot;; inde fit alia diminutio lacunarium et per antistoichon laquearium. legitur et lacuaribus. Cicero Tusculanarum &quot;tectis caelatis lacuatis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|727|[[Aeneis/Liber I#727|727.]]}} {{sc|'''noctem vincvnt'''}}  luminis est exaggeratio. FUNALIA 'funalia' sunt quae intra ceram sunt, dicta a funibus, quos ante usum papyri cera circumdatos habuere maiores: unde et funera dicuntur, quod funes incensos mortuis praeferebant. alii funalia appellarunt quod in cicendula lucet, quos Graeci g-pursous uocant: Varro de uita P- R- &quot;facibus aut candela simplici ;aut ex eo funiculo facto, earum uestigia quod ubi ea figebant appellarunt funalia&quot;. non nulli apud ueteres candelabra dicta tradunt quae in capitibus uncinos haberent, quibus affigi solebant uel candelae uel funes pice delibuti: quae interdum erant minora, ut gestari manu et praeferri magistratibus a cena remeantibus possent. 

{{ancora+|728|[[Aeneis/Liber I#728|728.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} tunc; est ergo aduerbium temporis. 

{{ancora+|729|[[Aeneis/Liber I#729|729.]]}} {{sc|'''qvam belvs'''}}  primus rex Assyriorum, ut supra diximus, quos constat Saturnum, quem et Solem dicunt, Iunonemque coluisse, quae numina etiam apud Afros postea culta sunt. unde et lingua Punica Bal deus dicitur. apud Assyrios autem Bel dicitur quadam sacrorum ratione et Saturnus et Sol. alii hunc Belum Saturni temporibus regnasse eiusdemque dei hospitem fuisse tradunt. 


{{ancora+|730|[[Aeneis/Liber I#730|730.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm facta silentia tectis'''}}  mos erat apud ueteres, ut lumine incenso silentium praeberetur, ut optativam sibi laudem loquendo nullus averteret. apud Romanos etiam cena edita sublatisque mensis primis silentium fieri solebat, quoad ea quae de cena libata fuerant ad focum ferrentur et in ignem darentur, ac puer deos propitios nuntiasset, ut diis honor haberetur tacendo que nos cum intercessit inter cenandum, Graeci quoque g-theohn g-parousian dicunt. 

{{ancora+|731|[[Aeneis/Liber I#731|731.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitibvs nam te dare ivra loqvvntvr'''}}  scilicet exemplo Lycaonis, qui cum hospites susceptos hospitio necaret, a suscepto Iove, postquam ei epulas humanas adposuit, uersus in lupum ostendit hospitii iura non esse uiolanda. 

{{ancora+|732|[[Aeneis/Liber I#732|732.]]}} {{sc|'''tyriisqve diem'''}}  atqui nox erat, sed per 'diem' accipimus et noctem. et quidam uolunt masculini generis 'diem' bonum significare, feminini malum. {{sc|'''troiaqve profectis'''}} bene noluit 'profugis' dicere. 

{{ancora+|733|[[Aeneis/Liber I#733|733.]]}} {{sc|'''esse velis'''}}  secundum Etruscam disciplinam locutus est; sic enim dicunt 'uolens propitiusque sis'. 

{{ancora+|734|[[Aeneis/Liber I#734|734.]]}} {{sc|'''adsit laetitiae bacchvs dator'''}}  alii 'adsis' legunt, secundum quos 'Bacchus' aut antiptosis est, aut antiquus uocativus, ut &quot;socer arma Latinus habeto&quot;. {{sc|'''dator'''}} bene autem addidit 'dator laetitiae', quia est et dator furoris. {{sc|'''et bona ivno'''}} aut propitia, id est non irata Troianis, ut &quot;sis bonus o felixque tuis&quot;, aut magis 'bona' caelestis; est enim et inferna, ut &quot;Iunoni infernae dictus sacer&quot;. aut, sicut supra dictum est, chreste, quod est bona, quam inter penates Troiani habuisse dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|735|[[Aeneis/Liber I#735|735.]]}} {{sc|'''coetvm'''}} modo conuivium; et bono uerbo ad dignitatem duorum in uno populorum usus est. 

{{ancora+|736|[[Aeneis/Liber I#736|736.]]}} {{sc|'''laticvm libavit honorem'''}}  more sacrorum: et tangit ritum Romanorum, qui panicias sacratasque mensas habebant, in quas libabant, ut est &quot;heus etiam mensas consumimus, inquit Iulus&quot;. {{sc|'''laticvm libavit honorem'''}} diis enim hospitalibus et Iovi in mensam libabatur. 

{{ancora+|737|[[Aeneis/Liber I#737|737.]]}} {{sc|'''libato'''}} delibato. {{sc|'''svmmo tenvs'''}} usque ad labra. {{sc|'''attigit ore'''}} et uerecundiam reginae ostendit, et morem Romanum. nam apud maiores nostros feminae non utebantur uino, nisi sacrorum causa certis diebus. denique femina quae sub Romulo uinum bibit occisa est a marito, Mecennius absolutus, id enim nomen marito. sic Granius Licinianus cenae suae. 

{{ancora+|738|[[Aeneis/Liber I#738|738.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm bitiae'''}}  per transitum Poenorum ducum nomina introducit. nam Bitias classis Punicae fuit praefectus, ut docet Livius, Iopas uero rex Afrorum, unus de procis Didonis, ut Punica testatur historia. servavit autem to prepon: quare non Aeneae dedit, ne aut contumeliosum uideretur aut petulans. {{sc|'''increpitans'''}} inclamans, ut &quot;aestatem increpitans seram&quot;, aut certe arguens familiariter segnitiem tarde accipientis, cum esset avidus in bibendo; nam sequitur 'ille inpiger'. melius tamen accipimus clara uoce hortatum, ut Plautus &quot;neque ego ad mensam publicas res clamo, neque leges crepo&quot; et Horatius &quot;quis post uina gravem militiam aut pauperiem crepet?&quot; {{sc|'''havsit'''}} modo accepit, nec possumus intellegere bibit, cum hoc sequatur 'et pleno se proluit auro'. alibi uidit, ut &quot;hausit caelum mentemque recepit&quot;, alibi audivit, ut &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;, alibi uulnerat, ut &quot;latus haurit apertum&quot;. et multa alia pro loco significat. 

{{ancora+|739|[[Aeneis/Liber I#739|739.]]}} {{sc|'''prolvit'''}} bibendo profudit. 


{{ancora+|740|[[Aeneis/Liber I#740|740.]]}} {{sc|'''post alii proceres'''}}  ergo et Bitias unus est de proceribus; nam exoche sine similitudine numquam fit. sane 'proceres' de his est quae nominativum in usu non habent, ut supra &quot;et uictor dicione tenebat&quot;. nam nec hoc in usu habet nominativum, licet in conpositione dicamus condicio. proceres autem ideo secundum Varronem principes civitatis dicuntur, quia eminent in ea, sicut in aedificiis mutuli quidam, hoc est capita trabium, quae proceres nominantur. {{sc|'''crinitvs iopas'''}} aut puerum intellege, aut imitabatur Apollinis formam, cuius fuerat etiam artis imitator. 

{{ancora+|741|[[Aeneis/Liber I#741|741.]]}} {{sc|'''docvit qvae maximvs atlas'''}}  'quae' legendum est non 'quem'; nec enim istum docere potuit, qui Didonis erat temporibus, sed docuit Herculem: unde et dicitur ab Atlante caelum sustinuisse susceptum propter caeli scientiam traditam. constat enim Herculem fuisse philosophum, et ⟨haec⟩ est ratio, cur illa omnia monstra uidicit Nilum Melonem uocari, Atlantem uero Telamonem. {{sc|'''docvit qvae maximvs atlas'''}} id est quae ipse scit, quae ipse modulatus est - - hic Atlas Iapeti filius in Africa natus dicitur. hic quod annum in tempora diviserit et primus stellarum cursus uel circulorum uel siderum transitus naturasque descripserit, caelum dictus est sustinere. qui nepotem suum Mercurium et Herculem docuisse dicitur. 

{{ancora+|742|[[Aeneis/Liber I#742|742.]]}} {{sc|'''hic canit'''}}  bene philosophica introducitur cantilena in conuivio reginae adhuc castae: contra inter nymphas, ubi solae feminae erant, ait &quot;Vulcani Martisque dolos et dulcia furta&quot;. {{sc|'''errantem lvnam'''}} quia g-helikoeidehs est, id est obliquo incedit cursu, non recto, ut Sol: scilicet ne incidat in centrum terrae et frequenter patiatur eclipsin; uicinus enim est eius circulus terrae. SOLISQUE LABORES 'canit' per omnia intellegimus. planetae septem sunt, Saturnus Iuppiter Mars Sol Venus Mercurius Luna. sed quinque et contra mundum feruntur, et cum mundo quando retrogradi sunt; Sol uero et Luna semper contra mundum. ideo ergo dixit 'Solis labores': laborat enim nitens contra venientis sphaerae uolubilitatem. nec nos debet Homerus movere, qui ait g-hehlion g-akamanta; non enim eum dixit non laborare, sed laborem non sentire. {{sc|'''lvnam solisqve labores'''}} amat sane ubique Solem et Lunam iungere. 

{{ancora+|743|[[Aeneis/Liber I#743|743.]]}} {{sc|'''vnde hominvm genvs'''}}  si fabulam respicis, a Prometheo intellege, uel a Deucalione et Pyrrha; si autem ueritatem requiris, igni, alii de atomis, alii de quattuor elementis. {{sc|'''pecvdes'''}} pro omnibus posuit. {{sc|'''vnde imber'''}} scilicet de nubibus, quae secundum Lucretium de terrae anhelitu nascuntur, qui nebulas creat: quae cum altius fuerint elevatae, aut solis calore resolutae aut ui uentorum conpressae mittunt leves pluvias uel exprimunt concitatiores. {{sc|'''et ignes'''}} scilicet ex nubium conlisione. nam omnium rerum conlisio ignem creat, ut in lapidibus cernimus, uel attritu rotarum, uel in siluis arborum. 

{{ancora+|744|[[Aeneis/Liber I#744|744.]]}} {{sc|'''arctvrvm'''}} stella est post caudam maioris ursae, posita in signo bootae, unde arcturus dicta est, quasi g-arktou g-oura. hanc quidam agere arcton dicunt, quia arceram ueteres uehiculum uocabant. haec autem ut fabulae loquuntur Callisto fuit, comes Dianae, quam Iuppiter mutatus in Dianam stupravit, ex qua natus est filius nomine Arcas. cetera in libro I. georgicorum plenius narrata sunt. {{sc|'''plvviasqve hyadas'''}} hyades stellae sunt in fronte tauri, quae quotiens nascuntur pluvias creant: unde et Graece g-huades dictae sunt g-apo g-tou g-huein, Latine suculae a suco. sic ergo ait 'pluviasque hyades', ut &quot;Plemyrium undosum&quot;. alii dicunt hyadas dictas uel ab y littera uel g-apo g-tou g-huos, id est sue, in cuius formatae sunt faciem: nam ideo eas quidam suculas, sues scilicet, dici tradunt. has quidam uergilias dicunt, quod uere florido oriantur. hae autem fuerunt ut alii dicunt, Atlantis filiae, ut alii Liberi nutrices, quae se in pelagus furore praecipitaverunt. alii Erechthei filias pro patria se morti obtulisse aiunt, quas Pliadas uocant, quod Pleiones filiae esse dicantur. quidam hyadas ab Hyante fratre, quem inuentum extinctum usque ad mortem doluerunt, dictas putant. {{sc|'''geminosqve triones'''}} id est septemtriones, id est Helicen et Cynosuram; non enim semper de duobus dicunt geminos, sed de pluribus. et proprie triones sunt boves aratorii, qui terram terunt. non ergo incongrue dixit 'triones', quia septemtriones plaustra a nonnullis dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|745|[[Aeneis/Liber I#745|745.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid'''}} quam ob causam 'properent se tinguere soles hiberni'. ratio hoc facit hemisphaerii, quia hieme breviore sol utitur circulo. {{sc|'''tingvere'''}} demergere. {{sc|'''soles'''}} uero pro diebus posuit, ut &quot;tris adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|746|[[Aeneis/Liber I#746|746.]]}} {{sc|'''vel qvae tardis mora noctibvs obstet'''}}  id est aestivis, tarde venientibus; 'uel' enim disiunctiva est coniunctio, nec patitur bis eandem rem dici: ergo hoc dicit, quae causa est longorum dierum. sed et hic ratio hemisphaerii est. {{sc|'''tardis'''}} non longis. 

{{ancora+|747|[[Aeneis/Liber I#747|747.]]}} {{sc|'''ingeminant plavsv tyrii troesqve seqvvntvr'''}}  imitantur. et bono usus est ordine, ut prius plauderent cives; nec enim aliter poterant audere peregrini, qui exspectabant, ut noscerent morem: unde supra et &quot;uos o coetum Tyrii celebrate faventes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|748|[[Aeneis/Liber I#748|748.]]}} {{sc|'''nec non et vario'''}}  arte poetica utitur, ut praemittat aliquid, quo sequens liber uideatur esse coniunctus: quod in omnibus servat. 

{{ancora+|749|[[Aeneis/Liber I#749|749.]]}} {{sc|'''longvm'''}} hic permaturum, aut qui non erat nisi ipsius morte finiendus. {{sc|'''bibebat amorem'''}} adlusit ad conuivium. sic Anacreon &quot;erota pinon&quot;. 


{{ancora+|750|[[Aeneis/Liber I#750|750.]]}} {{sc|'''svper priamo'''}}  de Priamo. nam eius praepositionis officio fungitur, pro qua ponitur, ut supra &quot;et sub noctem cura recursat&quot;, id est circa noctem. et sciendum, quod cum tempus significatur, 'sub' praepositio accusativo haeret semper. {{sc|'''rogitans'''}} scilicet quo modo sit uenditus rex; uel qui eum post decennale bellum exitus tulerit. 

{{ancora+|751|[[Aeneis/Liber I#751|751.]]}} {{sc|'''avrorae filivs'''}}  Memnon. ideo autem dixit 'quibus ar- mis', quia Vulcaniis armis usus fuisse narratur. {{sc|'''avrorae filivs armis'''}} quia etiam ei fecerat arma Vulcanus. qui cum auxilium Troianis ferret, apud Troiam occisus est. hic in tanto amore apud suos socios fuit, ut post eius mortem cum eum nimium deflerent miseratione deorum in aves conuersi dicantur et quotannis venire ad tumulum eius et ibi lamentatione et fletibus se dilacerare, donec aliquantae ibidem moriantur. 

{{ancora+|752|[[Aeneis/Liber I#752|752.]]}} {{sc|'''qvales diomedis eqvi'''}}  non debemus eos equos intellegere, quos Aeneae sustulit, nec enim congruit; sed de his interrogat, quos sustulit Rheso. 'quales' autem dixit, ac si diceret, anne sic feroces ut illi a quibus ducebant originem. Diomedes enim, rex Thracum, habuit equos qui humanis carnibus uescebantur. hos Hercules occiso crudeli tyranno abduxisse perhibetur: de quibus dicuntur supra memorati equi originem ducere. aut ideo 'quales', qui potuerint esse ita divini, ut inter fatalia Troiana numerarentur; nam ideo et supra &quot;ardentes&quot; ait. 

{{ancora+|753|[[Aeneis/Liber I#753|753.]]}} {{sc|'''immo age'''}}  uidit specialia cito posse finiri, et contulit se ad generalitatem. {{sc|'''et a prima dic hospes origine nobis'''}} id est a raptu Helenae: quod quidem Dido cupit, sed excusat Aeneas. et dicit ruinam se Troiae breviter esse dicturum, habita ratione temporis, ut &quot;suadentque cadentia sidera somnos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|754|[[Aeneis/Liber I#754|754.]]}} {{sc|'''insidias danavm'''}}  hoc ad Troianorum favorem, ne uideantur uirtute esse superati. et laudandum quod 'insidias' tantum dixerit, non et captum Ilium; nam et ipse Aeneas &quot;accipe nunc Danaum insidias&quot;. {{sc|'''casvsqve tvorvm'''}} ut eventu Troia corruerit, non fati necessitate. 

{{ancora+|755|[[Aeneis/Liber I#755|755.]]}} {{sc|'''erroresqve tvos'''}}  et responsio hunc ordinem sequitur. nam primo dicit Troiae ruinam, post errores suos. {{sc|'''septima aestas'''}} per aestates annos intellege; nam sic ante olympiadas conputabant. septem autem annos esse Dido cognovit ex Teucro.

{{liber
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|Post=Commentarius II
|PostNomen=../Liber II
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|Scriptor=Maurus Servius Honoratus
|OperaeTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|OperaeWikiPagina=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|Annus=circa 380 p.Ch.n.
|SubTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidos [[Aeneis/Liber I|librum I]] commentarius
|Editio=1884, Lipsiae; [[w:de:Georg Thilo|Georg Thilo]]
|Fons=[https://archive.org/details/invergiliicarmin01servuoft/page/1/mode/1up?view=theater archive.org] (partim)
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{{Liber
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|AnteNomen=
|Post=Commentarius II
|PostNomen=../Liber II
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==Prooemium==
{{gap|2em}}In exponendis auctoribus haec consideranda sunt: poetae uita, titulus operis, qualitas carminis, scribentis intentio, numerus librorum, ordo librorum, explanatio. Vergilii haec uita est. patre Vergilio matre Magia fuit; civis Mantuanus, quae civitas est Venetiae. diversis in locis operam litteris dedit; nam et Cremonae et Mediolani et Neapoli studuit. adeo autem uerecundissimus fuit, ut ex moribus cognomen acceperit; nam dictus est Parthenias. omni uita probatus uno tantum morbo laborabat; nam inpatiens libidinis fuit. primum ab hoc distichon factum est in Ballistam latronem:&lt;poem&gt;{{gap|2em}}{{spatium|Monte sub hoc lapidum tegitur Ballista sepultus: 
{{gap|2em}}nocte die tutum carpe uiator iter}}.&lt;/poem&gt;scripsit etiam septem sive octo libros hos : Cirin Aetnam Culicem Priapeia Catalepton Epigrammata Copam Diras. postea ortis bellis civilibus inter Antonium et Augustum, Augustus uictor Cremonensium agros, quia pro Antonio senserant, dedit militibus suis. qui cum non sufficerent, his addidit agros Mantuanos, sublatos non propter civium culpam, sed propter uicinitatem Cremonensium: unde ipse in bucolicis &quot;Mantua uae miserae nimium uicina Cremonae&quot;. amissis ergo agris Romam venit et usus patrocinio Pollionis et Maecenatis solus agrum quem amiserat meruit. tunc ei proposuit Pollio ut carmen bucolicum scriberet, quod eum constat triennio scripsisse et emendasse. item proposuit Maecenas Georgica, quae scripsit emendavitque septem annis. postea ab Augusto Aeneidem propositam scripsit annis undecim, sed nec emendavit nec edidit: unde eam moriens praecepit incendi. Augustus uero, ne tantum opus periret, Tuccam et Varium hac lege iussit emendare, ut superflua demerent, nihil adderent tamen: unde et semiplenos eius invenimus uersiculos, ut &quot;hic cursus fuit&quot;, et aliquos detractos, ut in principio; nam ab armis non coepit, sed sic:&lt;poem&gt;{{gap|2em}}{{spatium|Ille ego, qui quondam gracili modulatus avena
{{gap|2em}}carmen, et egressus siluis uicina coegi
{{gap|2em}}ut quamuis avido parerent arva colono,
{{gap|2em}}gratum opus agricolis, at nunc horrentia Martis
{{gap|2em}}arma uirumque cano}}.&lt;/poem&gt;et in secundo hos uersus constat esse detractos:&lt;poem&gt;{{gap|11em}}{{spatium|aut ignibus aegra dedere.
{{gap|2em}}iamque adeo super unus eram, cum limina Vestae
{{gap|2em}}servantem et tacitam secreta in sede latentem
{{gap|2em}}Tyndarida aspicio; dant clara incendia lucem
{{gap|2em}}erranti passimque oculos per cuncta ferenti.
{{gap|2em}}illa sibi infestos eversa ob Pergama Teucros
{{gap|2em}}et Danaum poenam et deserti coniugis iras
{{gap|2em}}praemetuens, Troiae et patriae communis erinys,
{{gap|2em}}abdiderat sese atque aris inuisa sedebat.
{{gap|2em}}exarsere ignes animo; subit ira cadentem
{{gap|2em}}ulcisci patriam et sceleratas sumere poenas.
{{gap|2em}}‘scilicet haec Spartam incolumis patriasque Mycenas
{{gap|2em}}aspiciet, partoque ibit regina triumpho,
{{gap|2em}}coniugiumque domumque patres natosque uidebit,
{{gap|2em}}Iliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris?
{{gap|2em}}occiderit ferro Priamus? Troia arserit igni?
{{gap|2em}}Dardanium totiens sudarit sanguine litus?
{{gap|2em}}non ita. namque etsi nullum memorabile nomen
{{gap|2em}}feminea in poena est, habet haec uictoria laudem:
{{gap|2em}}extinxisse nefas tamen et sumpsisse merentis
{{gap|2em}}laudabor poenas, animumque explesse iuvabit
{{gap|2em}}† ultricis famam et cineres satiasse meorum.’
{{gap|2em}}talia iactabam et furiata mente ferebar,
{{gap|2em}}cum mihi se non ante alias}}.&lt;/poem&gt;{{c|{{font-size|110%|⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎}}}}
titulus est Aeneis, derivativum nomen ab Aenea, ut a Theseo Theseis. sic Iuvenalis &quot;uexatus totiens rauci Theseide Codri&quot;. qualitas carminis patet; nam est metrum heroicum et actus mixtus, ubi et poeta loquitur et alios inducit loquentes. est autem heroicum quod constat ex divinis humanisque personis, continens uera cum fictis; nam Aeneam ad Italiam venisse manifestum est, Venerem uero locutam cum Iove missumue Mercurium constat esse conpositum. est autem stilus grandiloquus, qui constat alto sermone magnisque sententiis. scimus enim tria esse genera dicendi, humile medium grandiloquum. intentio Vergilii haec est, Homerum imitari et Augustum laudare a parentibus; namque est filius Atiae, quae nata est de Iulia, sorore Caesaris, Iulius autem Caesar ab Iulo Aeneae originem ducit, ut confirmat ipse Vergilius a &quot;magno demissum nomen Iulo&quot;. de numero librorum nulla hic quaestio est, licet in aliis inveniatur auctoribus; nam Plautum alii dicunt unam et uiginti fabulas scripsisse, alii quadraginta, alii centum. ordo quoque manifestus est, licet quidam superflue dicant secundum primum esse, tertium secundum, et primum tertium, ideo quia primo Ilium concidit, post erravit Aeneas, inde ad Didonis regna pervenit, nescientes hanc esse artem poeticam, ut a mediis incipientes per narrationem prima reddamus et non numquam futura praeoccupemus, ut per uaticinationem: quod etiam Horatius sic praecepit in arte poetica &quot;ut iam nunc dicat iam nunc debentia dici, pleraque differat et praesens in tempus omittat&quot;: unde constat perite fecisse Vergilium. sola superest explanatio, quae in sequenti expositione probabitur. haec quantum ad Aeneidem pertinet dixisse sufficiat, nam bucolicorum et georgicorum alia ratio est. sciendum praeterea est quod, sicut nunc dicturi thema proponimus, ita ueteres incipiebant carmen a titulo carminis sui, ut puta &quot;arma uirumque cano&quot;, Lucanus &quot;Bella per Emathios&quot;, Statius &quot;Fraternas acies alternaque regna&quot;. 

{{ancora+|1|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|1.]]}} {{sc|'''arma'''}} multi uarie disserunt cur ab armis Vergilius coeperit, omnes tamen inania sentire manifestum est, cum eum constet aliunde sumpsisse principium, sicut in praemissa eius uita monstratum est. per ‘arma’ autem bellum significat, et est tropus metonymia. nam arma quibus in bello utimur pro bello posuit, sicut toga qua in pace utimur pro pace ponitur, ut Cicero &quot;cedant arma togae&quot;, id est bellum paci. alii ideo ‘arma’ hoc loco proprie dicta accipiunt, primo quod fuerint uictricia, secundo quod divina, tertio quod prope semper armis uirum subiungit, ut &quot;arma uirumque ferens&quot; et &quot;arma acri facienda uiro&quot;. {{sc|'''arma virvmqve'''}} figura usitata est ut non eo ordine respondeamus quo proposuimus; nam prius de erroribus Aeneae dicit, post de bello. hac autem figura etiam in prosa utimur. sic Cicero in Verrinis &quot;nam sine ullo sumptu nostro coriis, tunicis frumentoque suppeditato maximos exercitus nostros uestivit, aluit, armavit&quot;. non nulli autem hyperbaton putant, ut sit sensus talis ‘arma uirumque cano, genus unde Latinum Albanique patres atque altae moenia Romae’, mox illa revoces ‘Troiae qui primus ab oris’; sic enim causa operis declaratur, cur cogentibus fatis in Latium venerit. et est poeticum principium professivum ‘arma uirumque cano’, inuocativum ‘Musa mihi causas memora’, narrativum ‘urbs antiqua fuit’. et professivum quattuor modis sumpsit: a duce ‘arma uirumque cano’, ab itinere ‘Troiae qui primus ab oris’, a bello ‘multa quoque et bello passus’, a generis successu ‘genus unde Latinum’. {{sc|'''virvm'''}} quem non dicit, sed circumstantiis ostendit Aeneam. et bene addidit post ‘arma’ ‘uirum’, quia arma possunt et aliarum artium instrumenta dici, ut &quot;Cerealiaque arma&quot;. {{sc|'''cano'''}} polysemus sermo est. tria enim significat: aliquando laudo, ut &quot;regemque canebant&quot;; aliquando divino, ut &quot;ipsa canas oro&quot;; aliquando canto, ut in hoc loco. nam proprie canto significat, quia cantanda sunt carmina. {{sc|'''troiae'''}} Troia regio est Asiae, Ilium civitas Troiae; plerumque tamen usurpant poetae et pro civitate uel regionem uel provinciam ponunt, ut Iuvenalis &quot;et flammis Asiam ferroque cadentem&quot;. Probus ait Troiam Graios et Aiax non debere per unam i scribi. {{sc|'''qvi primvs'''}} quaerunt multi, cur Aeneam primum ad Italiam venisse dixerit, cum paulo post dicat Antenorem ante aduentum Aeneae fundasse civitatem. constat quidem, sed habita temporum ratione peritissime Vergilius dixit. namque illo tempore, quo Aeneas ad Italiam venit, finis erat Italiae usque ad Rubiconem fluvium: cuius rei meminit Lucanus et Gallica certus limes ab Ausoniis disterminat arva colonis. unde apparet Antenorem non ad Italiam venisse, sed ad Galliam cisalpinam, in qua Venetia est. postea uero promotis usque ad Alpes Italiae finibus, novitas creavit errorem. plerique tamen quaestionem hanc uolunt ex sequentibus solui, ut uideatur ob hoc addidisse Vergilius ‘ad Lavina litora’, ne significaret Antenorem. melior tamen est superior expositio. {{sc|'''primvs'''}} {ergo} non ante quem nemo, sed post quem nullus, ⟨ut⟩ &quot;tuque o, cui prima furentem fundit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti et hic mihi responsum primus dedit&quot;. uel laudative ‘primus’, ut &quot;primam qui legibus urbem fundabit, Curibus paruis&quot;. {{sc|'''ab orbis'''}} speciem pro genere; nam oras terras generaliter debemus accipere. sane praepositionem mutavit, nam ‘ex oris’ melius potuit dicere.

{{ancora+|2|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|2.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam'''}} ars quidem hoc exigit, ut nominibus provinciarum praepositiones addamus, civitatum numquam. tamen plerumque peruerso ordine lectum est; nam ecce hoc loco detraxit provinciae praepositionem dicens ‘Italiam venit’ pro ad Italiam venit. Tullius in Verrinis &quot;ea die Verres ad Messanam venit&quot; pro Messanam venit. sane sciendum est usurpari ab auctoribus, ut uel addant uel detrahant praepositiones; namque ait Vergilius &quot;siluis te, Tyrrhene, feras agitare putasti&quot; pro in siluis. ut ergo illic detraxit loco praepositionem, sic hic provinciae. et est figura. Italia autem pars Europae est. Italus enim rex Siculorum profectus de Sicilia venit ad loca, quae sunt iuxta Tiberim, et ex nomine suo appellavit Italiam. ibi autem habitasse Siculos ubi est Laurolavinium, manifestum est, sicut ipse alio loco dicit &quot;Siculi ueteresque Sicani et gentes venere Sicanae saepius&quot;. sane ‘Italiam’ i contra naturam producta est, cum sit natura brevis. {{sc|'''fato profvgvs'''}} ‘fato’ ad utrumque pertinet, et quod fugit, et quod ad Italiam venit. et bene addidit ‘fato’, ne uideatur aut causa criminis patriam deseruisse, aut novi imperii cupiditate. profugus autem proprie dicitur qui procul a sedibus suis uagatur, quasi porro fugatus. multi tamen ita definiunt, ut profugos eos dicant qui exclusi necessitate de suis sedibus adhuc uagantur, et simul atque invenerint sedes, non dicantur profugi, sed exules. sed utrumque falsum est. nam et profugus lectus est qui iam sedes locavit, ut in Lucano &quot;profugique a gente uetusta Gallorum Celtae miscentes nomen Hiberis&quot;, et exul qui adhuc uagatur, ut in Sallustio &quot;qui nullo certo exilio uagabantur&quot;: adeo exilium est ipsa uagatio. quidam hic ‘profugus’ participium uolunt. sane non otiose fato profugum dicit Aeneam, uerum ex disciplina Etruscorum. est enim in libro qui inscribitur litterae iuris Etruriae scriptum uocibus Tagae, &quot;eum qui genus a periuris duceret, fato extorrem et profugum esse debere&quot;. porro a Laomedonte periuro genus ducit Aeneas, siquidem alibi ait &quot;satis iam pridem sanguine nostro Laomedonteae luimus periuria Troiae&quot;. {{sc|'''laviniaqve venit litora'''}} haec civitas tria habuit nomina. nam primum Lavinum dicta est a Lavino, Latini fratre; postea Laurentum a lauro inuenta a Latino, dum adepto imperio post fratris mortem civitatem augeret; postea Lavinium a Lavinia, uxore Aeneae. ergo ‘Lavina’ legendum est, non ‘Lavinia’, quia post aduentum Aeneae Lavinium nomen accepit, et aut Lavinum debuit dicere, sicut dixit, aut Laurentum. quamuis quidam superfluo esse prolepsin uelint. sane bene addidit ‘Lavina’, ut ostenderet ad quam partem Italiae venisset Aeneas, quia et multi alii eo tempore ad Italiam venerant, ut Capys, qui Capuam, Polites, qui Politorium condiderunt.

{{ancora+|3|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|3.]]}} {{sc|'''litora'''}} Laurolavinium constat octo milibus a mari remotam. nec nos debet fallere quia dixit ‘Lavina litora’. litus enim dicitur terra quoque mari uicina, sicut ipse Vergilius in quarto &quot;cui litus arandum&quot;, cum per naturam litus arari non possit. ergo scire debemus, litus posse et terram dici. Fabius Maximus annalium primo &quot;tum Aeneas aegre patiebatur in eum devenisse agrum, macerrimum litorosissimumque&quot;. {{sc|'''mvltvm ille'''}} ‘multille’ conlisio est. et ‘ille’ hoc loco abundat; est enim interposita particula propter metri necessitatem, ut stet uersus: nam si detrahas ‘ille’, stat sensus; ‘qui primus’ enim ad omnia possumus trahere. sic alio loco &quot;nunc dextra ingeminans ictus, nunc ille sinistra&quot;. est autem archaismos. aut certe ‘ille’, quia haec particula more antiquo aut nobilitati aut magnitudini dabatur, ut &quot;ac uelut ille canum et saucius ille&quot;. {{sc|'''et terris iactatvs'''}} fatigatus est enim apud Thraciam monstro illo, quod e tumulo Polydori sanguis emanavit, apud Cretam pestilentia, apud Strophadas insulas Harpyiis, tempestate uero et in primo et in tertio. iactamur autem in mari fluctibus, fatigamur in terris. et bene duorum elementorum mala uno sermone conplexus est. {{sc|'''et alto'''}} modo mari, quia navigans Scyllam et Polyphemum effugit, perditus etiam est Orontes, amissus Palinurus et Misenus. altum tamen sciendum est quod et superiorem, ut &quot;Maia genitum demittit ex alto&quot; et inferiorem altitudinem significat; namque mensurae nomen est altitudo.

{{ancora+|4|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|4.]]}} {{sc|'''vi svpervm'''}} uiolentia deorum, secundum Homerum, qui dicit a Iunone rogatos esse deos in odium Troianorum: quod et Vergilius tetigit dicens &quot;uos quoque Pergameae iam fas est parcere genti, dique deaeque omnes&quot;. latenter autem defendit hac ratione Troianos, quod non suo merito eos insequebantur numina, sed Iunonis inpulsu. multi ‘ui superum’ posse accipi dicunt Irim Aeolum Iuturnam Iunonem, sed melius iudicant, ui quam superi habent. {{sc|'''saevae'''}} cum a iuvando dicta sit Iuno, quaerunt multi, cur eam dixerit saevam, et putant temporale esse epitheton, quasi saeva circa Troianos, nescientes quod saevam dicebant ueteres magnam. sic Ennius &quot;induta fuit saeva stola&quot;. item Vergilius cum ubique pium inducat Aeneam, ait &quot;maternis saevus in armis Aeneas&quot;, id est magnus. {{sc|'''memorem ivnonis ob iram'''}} constat multa in auctoribus inveniri per contrarium significantia: pro activis passiva, ut &quot;pictis bellantur Amazones armis&quot;; pro passivis activa, ut &quot;populatque ingentem farris aceruum&quot;. et haec uarietas uel potius contrarietas invenitur etiam in aliis partibus orationis, ut sit aduerbium pro aduerbio, ut est &quot;hoc tunc ignipotens caelo descendit ab alto&quot; pro huc; et in participio, ut &quot;et qua uectus Abas&quot; pro qua uehebatur; et in nomine, ut ‘memorem Iunonis ob iram’ non quae meminerat, sed quae in memoria erat. de his autem haec tantum quae lecta sunt ponimus nec ad eorum exemplum alia formamus. sane memor apud ueteres non tantum dicebatur g-ho g-memnehmenos, sed etiam g-ho g-mnehmon. et hoc per confusionem uerbi et nominis; nam ‘memorem’ est uerbi significatio, cum non sit nomen.

{{ancora+|5|[[Aeneis/Liber I#5|5.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta qvoqve et bello passvs'''}} hoc ad posteriores sex pertinet libros. sane duas coniunctiones separatas naturaliter nemo coniungit. sed hoc plerumque a poetis causa metri fit. ergo hic una uacat, sicut alio loco &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. Sallustius &quot;tyrannumque et Cinnam&quot;. {{sc|'''bello passvs'''}} contra Turnum. {{sc|'''dvm conderet vrbem'''}} tres hic sunt significationes. aut enim Troiam dicit, quam ut primum in Italiam venit, fecit Aeneas, de qua ait &quot;castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit&quot; et alio loco Mercurius &quot;nec te Troia capit&quot; - Troiam autem dici quam primum fecit Aeneas, et Livius in primo et Cato in originibus testantur - dum enim haec fieret, ab agrestibus propter uulneratum ceruum regium mota sunt bella: aut Laurolavinium, et significat ‘dum’ donec; tam diu enim dimicavit quam diu ad tempus faciendae civitatis veniret, id est donec Turnus occumberet: aut Romam, et est sensus dummodo conderet urbem. {aut Troiam aut Laurolavinium aut Romam significat.}

{{ancora+|6|[[Aeneis/Liber I#6|6.]]}} {{sc|'''inferretqve deos latio'''}} Latium duplex est, unum a Tiberi usque ad Fundos, aliud inde usque ad Vulturnum. denique ipse dixit &quot;ueteresque Latini&quot; ideo quia scit esse etiam novos, id est a Fundis usque ad Vulturnum. Latium autem dictum est, quod illic Saturnus latuerit. Saufeius Latium dictum ait, quod ibi latuerant incolae, qui quoniam in cavis montium uel occultis caventes sibi a feris beluis uel a ualentioribus uel a tempestatibus habitaverint Cascei uocati sunt, quos posteri Aborigines cognominarunt, quoniam aliis ortos esse recognoscebant. ex quibus Latinos etiam dictos. {{sc|'''inferretqve deos latio'''}} hoc est in Latium. et est figura usitata apud Vergilium. quod enim per accusativum cum praepositione dicimus ille per dativum ponit sine praepositione, sicut alibi &quot;it clamor caelo&quot; pro in caelum. ‘deos’ uero utrum penates, ut &quot;talibus attonitus uisis et uoce deorum&quot;, an se et Ascanium et posteros suos, de quibus dictum est &quot;dis genite et geniture deos&quot;? {{sc|'''genvs vnde latinvm'''}} si iam fuerunt Latini et iam Latium dicebatur, contrarium est quod dicit ab Aenea Latinos originem ducere. prima est iucunda absolutio, ut ‘unde’ non referas ad personam, sed ad locum; namque ‘unde’ aduerbium est de loco, non de ductu a persona. tamen Cato in originibus hoc dicit, cuius auctoritatem Sallustius sequitur in bello Catilinae, &quot;primo Italiam tenuisse quosdam qui appellabantur Aborigines. hos postea aduentu Aeneae Phrygibus iunctos Latinos uno nomine nuncupatos&quot;. ergo descendunt Latini non tantum a Troianis, sed etiam ab Aboriginibus. est autem uera expositio haec. novimus quod uicti uictorum nomen accipiunt. potuit ergo uictore Aenea perire nomen Latinum. sed uolens sibi favorem Latii conciliare nomen Latinum non solum illis non sustulit, sed etiam Troianis inposuit. merito ergo illi tribuit quod in ipso fuerat ut posset perire. unde et ipse inducit in duodecimo libro rogantem Iunonem, ne pereat nomen Latinum. item in execratione Didonis legimus &quot;nec cum se sub leges pacis iniquae tradiderit&quot;; iniqua enim pax est in qua nomen amittit ille qui uicit. sed ueteres ‘unde’ etiam ad personam adplicabant, ita ut ad omne genus, ad omnem numerum iungerent, ut hoc loco ‘genus unde Latinum’ masculino generi et numero singulari iunxit, alibi ⟨ad⟩ genus femininum et numerum pluralem refert, ut &quot;nymphae, Laurentes nymphae, genus amnibus unde est&quot;, sicut ‘hinc’ particulam, cum sit loci aduerbium, Terentius uetuste ad personam transtulit &quot;sed eccum Syrum incedere uideo: hinc iam scibo quid siet&quot;.

{{ancora+|7|[[Aeneis/Liber I#7|7.]]}} {{sc|'''albaniqve patres'''}} Albam ab Ascanio conditam constat, sed a quo incertum est, utrum a Creusae an a Laviniae filio: de qua re etiam Livius dubitat. hanc autem cum evertisset Tullus Hostilius, omnes nobiles familias Romam transtulit. et sciendum bene hunc ordinem semper servare Vergilium, ut ante dicat Latium, inde Albam, post Romam. quod et hoc loco fecit et in quinto libro, ut &quot;priscos docuit celebrare Latinos&quot; et deinde &quot;Albani docuere suos, nunc maxima porro accepit Roma et patrium servavit honorem&quot;. item in septimo libro &quot;mos erat Hesperio in Latio quem protinus urbes Albanae coluere sacrum, nunc maxima rerum Roma colit&quot;. {{sc|'''atqve altae moenia romae'''}} aut propter gloriam, aut propter aedificia ingentia, aut quia in montibus est posita.

{{ancora+|8|[[Aeneis/Liber I#8|8.]]}} {{sc|'''mvsa mihi cavsas memora'''}} ‘mihi’ longa hic, alibi brevis, ut &quot;mihique haec edissere uera roganti&quot;. sane in tres partes dividunt poetae carmen suum: proponunt inuocant narrant. plerumque tamen duas res faciunt et ipsam propositionem miscent inuocationi, quod in utroque opere Homerus fecit; namque hoc melius est. Lucanus tamen ipsum ordinem inuertit; primo enim proposuit, inde narravit, postea inuocavit, ut est &quot;nec si te pectore uates accipio&quot;. sane observandum est, ut non in omnibus carminibus numen aliquod inuocetur, nisi cum aliquid ultra humanam possibilitatem requirimus. hinc in arte poetica Horatius &quot;nec deus intersit nisi dignus uindice nodus inciderit&quot;. bene ergo inuocat Vergilius, non enim poterat per se iram numinis nosse. item in nono libro nisi adderet &quot;Iuno uires animumque ministrat&quot;, quis crederet Turnum evasisse de castris? et hic {{sc|'''mvsa'''}} non addidit g-menin g-aeide g-thea. sed ‘musa mihi causas memora’ pro adesto, ut memores. sane musas multi novem, multi septem dixerunt. his Numa aediculam aeneam brevem fecerat, quam postea de caelo tactam et in aede Honoris et Virtutis conlocatam Fuluius Nobilior in aedem Herculis transtulit, unde aedes Herculis et Musarum appellatur. has alii uirgines perhibent; nam ideo et porcam eis sacrificari aiunt, quod multum pariat. alii eis etiam filios dant, Orpheum Linum sirenas. alii has octo, ut Athenis uisuntur, alii quattuor dicunt, alias Boeotias, alias Atthidas, alias Siculas. has musas Siculus Epicharmus non musas, sed g-homonoousas dicit. {{sc|'''qvo nvmine laeso'''}} ‘quo’ in quo, in qua causa. et est septimus casus et communis elocutio; dicimus enim ‘quo te laesi’. est et alia expositio. namque Iuno multa habet numina: est Curitis, quae utitur curru et hasta, ut est &quot;hic illius arma, hic currus fuit&quot;; est Lucina, quae partibus praeest, ut &quot;Iuno Lucina fer opem&quot;; est regina, ut &quot;quae divum incedo regina&quot;; sunt et alia eius numina. merito ergo dubitat quod eius laeserit numen Aeneas. alii tamen dicunt separandum esse, ut de odio Iunonis non dubitet, quaerat autem quod aliud numen est laesum. {{sc|'''qvo nvmine laeso'''}} ideo trahitur in ambiguitatem et requirit in quo Iunonis numen laesit Aeneas, quia in ipsum certa non erant odia, sed in gentem propter causas paulo post dicendas. alii ‘numen’ uoluntatem accipiunt. ‘laeso’ autem dicendo ipso uerbo ostendit, etiamsi fuisset, levissimam culpam fuisse; non enim dixit ‘uiolato’ aut ‘iniuriam passo’. 9 {{sc|'''qvidve dolens'''}} bene philosophice dubitavit. dicunt enim quidam ad deos nihil pertinere. {{sc|'''volvere casvs'''}} id est casibus uolui. et est figura hypallage, quae fit quotienscumque per contrarium uerba intelleguntur. sic alibi &quot;dare classibus austros&quot;, cum uentis naves demus, non navibus uentos. item &quot;animumque labantem inpulit&quot;, hoc est inpellendo fecit labantem. 

{{ancora+|10|[[Aeneis/Liber I#10|10.]]}} {{sc|'''INSIGNEM'''}} PIETATE VIRUM quia patrem et deos penates de Troia sustulit. et hic ostendit merito se inuocasse musam. nam si iustus est Aeneas, cur odio deorum laborat?

{{ancora+|11|[[Aeneis/Liber I#11|11.]]}} {{sc|'''tantaene animis caelestibvs irae'''}} hic iam non de qua litate iracundiae, sed de quantitate quaerit; nimia etenim ira est quae pietatis non habet considerationem. et hoc quidem secundum Stoicos dicit, {sed miratur, cur tantum} nam Epicurei dicunt deos humana penitus non curare. ‘tantaene’ quasi exclamatio est mirantis, cum es ipsa narratione sententiam trahentes nostram personam interponimus, ut &quot;‘tanton’ placuit concurrere motu&quot;. non nulli ‘tantaene’ legunt, ut interrogatio sit potius quam exclamatio. {{sc|'''animis caelestibvs'''}} dis superis, nam apud inferos constat esse iracundiam, ubi sunt Furiae. ‘animis’ uero g-tois g-thumois.

{{ancora+|12|[[Aeneis/Liber I#12|12.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbs antiqva fvit'''}} urbs dicta ab orbe, quod antiquae civitates in orbem fiebant; uel ab uruo, parte aratri, quo muri designabantur. et ‘antiqua’ autem et ‘fuit’ bene dixit, namque et ante septuaginta annos urbis Romae condita erat, et eam deleverat Scipio Aemilianus. quae autem nunc est postea a Romanis est condita: unde antiquam accipe et ad conparationem istius quae nunc est, et Roma antiquiorem. alii ‘antiqua’ nobilis, ‘fuit’ autem pro ‘erat’ accipiunt. {{sc|'''tyrii tenvere coloni'''}} deest ‘quam’, uel ut alii uolunt ‘hanc’: amant namque antiqui per epexegesin dicere quod nos interposito pronomine exprimimus. item &quot;est locus Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt&quot; deest ‘quem’. ‘coloni’ autem dicuntur cultores advenae, et hos de Tyro constat venisse qui Carthaginem condiderunt. sane ueteres colonias ita definiunt: colonia est coetus eorum hominum qui universi deducti sunt in locum certum aedificiis munitum, quem certo iure obtinerent. alii: colonia est quae graece g-apoikia uocatur; dicta autem est a colendo; est autem pars civium aut sociorum missa, ubi rem publicam habeant ex consensu suae civitatis, aut publico eius populi unde profecta est consilio. hae autem coloniae sunt quae ex consensu publico, non ex secessione sunt conditae.

{{ancora+|13|[[Aeneis/Liber I#13|13.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam contra'''}} constat tria latera habere Italiam, superi maris, inferi, Alpium: unde tollendi erroris causa adiecit ‘contra Tiberina ostia’, quae in infero mari sunt. aut certe {ideo} ‘Italiam contra’ quasi de aemula dictum accipiamus, ut non tantum situ quantum et animis contra. Ostiam uero ideo ueteres consecratam esse uoluerunt, sicut Tiberim, ut si quid bello navali ageretur, id auspicato fieret ex maritima et effata urbe, ut ubique coniunctum auspici, ut Tiberis, cum colonia esset. {{sc|'''longe'''}} ualde. Sallustius &quot;longe alia mihi mens est patres conscripti&quot;. aut certe ‘maxime’ uel ‘praecipue’, ut sit Carthago praecipue posita contra Tiberina ostia. Cicero pro Rabirio &quot;et cum universo populo Romano, tum uero equestri ordini longe carissimus&quot;. ‘Tiberina’ autem pro Tiberis posuit. quidam sane ita uolunt iungi, non ‘longe ostia’, sed ‘longe dives’, id est ualde dives.

{{ancora+|14|[[Aeneis/Liber I#14|14.]]}} {{sc|'''dives opvm'''}} modo tantum dives dicimus, antiqui adiungebant cuius rei, ut &quot;dives equum, dives pictai uestis et auri&quot; iungentes tantum genetivo casui. {{sc|'''stvdiisqve asperrima belli'''}} causam ostendit mirabilem, dicens hos esse et bellicosos et divites, cum otiosa semper sit opulentia. iure ergo hanc diligit Iuno et uult orbis regna sortiri. quae res odia eius in Troianos exagitat. et bene ‘studiis’, non ‘studio’, quia ter rebellavit contra populum Romanum.

{{ancora+|15|[[Aeneis/Liber I#15|15.]]}} {{sc|'''dicitvr'''}} dicitur. et ingenti arte Vergilius, ne in rebus fabulosis aperte utatur poetarum licentia, quasi opinionem sequitur et per transitum poetico utitur more. uel certe ‘fertur’ creditur. {{sc|'''magis'''}} pro ualde.

{{ancora+|16|[[Aeneis/Liber I#16|16.]]}} {{sc|'''posthabita'''}} non contempta, sed in secundis habita; namque in superiore uersu dixit ‘magis’, ut etiam originali loco seruetur adfectio. {{sc|'''samo'''}} sic Iuvenalis &quot;et Samia genetrix quae delectatur harena&quot;. {{sc|'''colvisse'''}} SAMO deest ‘etiam’, ut esset ‘posthabita etiam Samo’. ‘coluisse’ autem, quia ueteres colere dicebant etiam cum maior minorem diligeret, ut &quot;ille colit terras&quot;. Plautus in Poenulo &quot;Iuppiter qui genus colis alisque hominum&quot;. {{sc|'''hic illivs arma'''}} figura creberrima aduerbium pro aduerbio posuit, praesentis loci pro absentis; debuit enim dicere ‘illic’. {{sc|'''arma'''}} instructam armis Iunonem in alio loco ipse testatur, ut &quot;ferro accincta uocat&quot;.

{{ancora+|17|[[Aeneis/Liber I#17|17.]]}} {{sc|'''cvrrvs'''}} aut uere currum quo secundum Homerum in bello utitur, aut thensam significat, qua deorum simulacra portantur. thensa autem cum aspiratione scribitur g-apo g-tou g-theiou, id est a re divina. aut certe illud ‘currus’ quod ait &quot;ductos alta ad donaria currus&quot;. habere enim Iunonem currus certum est. sic autem esse etiam in sacris Tiburtibus constat, ubi sic precantur &quot;Iuno curitis tuo curru clipeoque tuere meos curiae uernulas&quot;. sane {{sc|'''hic illivs arma, hic cvrrvs fuit'''}} quotienscumque nomina pluralis et singularis numeri conectuntur, respondemus uiciniori, ut ecce hoc loco currui, non armis respondit. eadem et in diversis generibus est observatio, ut magis uicino, sive masculinum sit sive femininum respondeamus, ut puta ‘uir et mulier magna ad me venit’. si autem plurali numero uelimus uti, ad masculinum transeamus necesse est, ut ‘uir et mulier magni ad me venerunt’. sane ‘fuit’ pro fuerat. {{sc|'''gentibvs'''}} pro gentium, dativum pro genetivo.

{{ancora+|18|[[Aeneis/Liber I#18|18.]]}} {{sc|'''siqva'''}} ‘qua’ uacat et est ornatus causa positum, ut ‘que’ ‘tandem’ ‘gentium’ ‘locorum’ et reliqua, ut &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. {{sc|'''iam tvm'''}} ex quo constituta est a Tyriis colonis. {{sc|'''tenditqve fovetqve'''}} figurate dixit. non enim iam regnum fovet, sed tendit et fovet, ut regnum esse possit. et bene ‘tendit’, tamquam contra uerum, ‘fovet’ autem tamquam inbecillam aduersus Troianorum conatus. {{sc|'''progeniem'''}} uel Romanos, uel ut quidam uolunt Scipionem, qui Carthaginem diruit.

{{ancora+|19|[[Aeneis/Liber I#19|19.]]}} {{sc|'''dvci'''}} ductum iri. infinitivi modi a passivo tempus praesens pro futuro posuit, uerbum pro uerbo, ut supra ostensum est. 

{{ancora+|20|[[Aeneis/Liber I#20|20.]]}} {{sc|'''avdierat'''}} a Iove aut a Fatis. non enim omnia numina habent divinandi facultatem; denique ne ipse quidem Apollo sua sponte divinat, ut est &quot;quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo praedixit&quot;. et perite ‘audierat’; in Ennio enim inducitur Iuppiter promittens Romanis excidium Carthaginis. {{sc|'''avdierat'''}} bene audierat quasi de incertis rebus, ut et timeret et speraret omnia pro sua uoluntate posse mutari. {{sc|'''tyrias arces'''}} Carthaginem dicit, quam Tyrii condiderunt. ‘arces’ autem ab eo quod est arceo dictae, quia inde hostes arcentur, id est prohibentur; et arcus, genus teli, quod huius ministerio sagittae arceant hostem. sane per confusionem uerbi et nominis dictum est; nam ‘arces’ est uerbum, arceo arces, cum non sit nomen. {{sc|'''olim'''}} quandoque. et tria tempora significat: praeteritum, ut &quot;olim arbos, nunc artificis manus aere decoro inclusit patribusque dedit gestare Latinis&quot;; praesens, ut &quot;tumidis quod fluctibus olim tunditur&quot;; futurum, ut &quot;nunc olim quocumque dabunt se tempore uires&quot;.

{{ancora+|21|[[Aeneis/Liber I#21|21.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc popvlvm late regem'''}} a Romanis. laudat autem eorum imperium dicendo ‘populum regem’. {{sc|'''late regem'''}} pro late regnaturum, nomen pro participio. quidam hoc demokratikos intellegunt. et ‘hinc populum late regem belloque superbum uenturum excidio Libyae sic uoluere parcas’ in Probi adpuncti sunt et adnotatum &quot;hi duo si eximantur, nihilo minus sensus integer erit&quot;. sed Vergilius amat aliud agens exire in laudes populi Romani. {{sc|'''svperbvm'''}} nobilem, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;. {{sc|'''belloqve svperbvm'''}} id est eminentem, gloriosum.

{{ancora+|22|[[Aeneis/Liber I#22|22.]]}} {{sc|'''ventvrvm'''}} futurum, ut &quot;idem uenturos tollemus in astra nepotes&quot;. {{sc|'''ventvrvm excidio'''}} ad excidium. nota figura. {{sc|'''libyae'''}} Carthaginis. et provinciam pro civitate posuit. dicta autem Libya uel quod inde libs fiat, hoc est africus, uel ut Varro ait, quasi {{sc|''λιπιυια''}}, id est egens pluviae. sic Sallustius &quot;caelo terraque penuria aquarum&quot;. {{sc|'''volvere parcas'''}} aut a filo traxit ‘uoluere’ aut a libro; una enim loquitur, altera scribit, alia fila deducit. et dictae sunt parcae g-kata g-antiphrasin, quod nulli parcant, sicut lucus a non lucendo, bellum a nulla re bella. nomina parcarum Clotho Lachesis Atropos.

{{ancora+|23|[[Aeneis/Liber I#23|23.]]}} {{sc|'''id metvens'''}} bis idem. archaismos. sane de futuro timor est, odium de praeteritis. metuebat ergo Carthagini, odium autem habebat propter causas sequentes. et est de utroque exemplum &quot;conveniunt quibus aut odium crudele tyranni aut metus acer erat&quot;. {{sc|'''veteris belli'''}} quantum ad Vergilium pertinet, antiqui; si ad Iunonem referas, diu id est per decennium gesti. tunc autem ad personam referendum est, cum ipsa loquitur; quod si nulla persona sit, ad poetam refertur. nunc ergo ‘ueteris’ ex persona poetae intellegendum. sic ipse in alio loco &quot;mirantur dona Aeneae, mirantur Iulum flagrantesque dei uultus&quot; partem ad se rettulit, partem ad Tyrios, qui deum eum esse nesciebant. {{sc|'''satvrnia'''}} antonomasia est, non epitheton; quae fit quotiens pro proprio nomine ponitur quod potest esse cum proprio nomine et epitheton dici. ‘Saturnia’ autem nomen quasi ad crudelitatem aptum posuit; Vergilius enim ubicumque Iovi uel Iunoni Saturni nomen adiungit, causas eis crudelitatis adnectit, ut &quot;nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aequis&quot;. et alibi &quot;es germana Iovis Saturnique altera proles: irarum tantos uoluis sub pectore fluctus&quot;.

{{ancora+|24|[[Aeneis/Liber I#24|24.]]}} {{sc|'''prima'''}} atqui Hercules prior contra Troianos pugnavit: unde modo ‘prima’ princeps accipienda est. nam poeta plerumque significationem nominum dat participiis, uel contra, ut &quot;uoluentibus annis&quot;, significat enim uolubilibus. hac licentia et in hoc nomine usus est, ut primam pro principe poneret. {{sc|'''prima'''}} inter primos; alii pro olim; alii ‘prima’ simpliciter, postea enim alii dii interesse coeperunt; alii ‘prima’ non ordine, sed uoluntate. aliter &quot;primusque Machaon&quot;; ibi enim in primis intellegitur. {{sc|'''ad troiam'''}} ‘ad’ et ‘apud’ accusativae sunt praepositiones, sed ‘apud’ semper in loco significat, ‘ad’ et in loco et ad locum, ut &quot;ad quem tum Iuno supplex his uocibus usa est, et Cicero decem fiscos ad senatorem quendam relictos&quot;, item &quot;ad Marcum Laecam te habitare uelle dixisti&quot;. {{sc|'''caris argis'''}} illic enim eam coli omnibus notum est. Argos autem in numero singulari generis neutri est, ut Horatius &quot;aptum dicet equis Argos ditesque Mycenas&quot;, in plurali numero masculini, ut hi Argi. ceterum derivatio nominis Argivos facit, non Argos.

{{ancora+|25|[[Aeneis/Liber I#25|25.]]}} {{sc|'''necdvm etiam'''}} aduerbium temporis. quis ante hunc? {{sc|'''cavsae irarvm'''}} nunc de praeteritis loquitur. non nulli tamen pro causa et dolore dictum accipiunt. {{sc|'''saevi'''}} autem {{sc|'''dolores'''}} quod saevire faciant.

{{ancora+|26|[[Aeneis/Liber I#26|26.]]}} {{sc|'''alta mente repostvm'''}} secreta, recondita. ‘repostum’ autem syncope est; unam enim de medio syllabam tulit. sed cum omnes sermones aut integri sint aut pathos habeant, hi qui pathos habent ita ut lecti sunt debent poni: quod etiam Maro fecit, nam &quot;repostos&quot; et &quot;porgite&quot; de Ennio transtulit: integris autem et ipsis utimur et eorum exemplo aliis.

{{ancora+|27|[[Aeneis/Liber I#27|27.]]}} {{sc|'''ivdicivm paridis'''}} nota fabula est de malo aureo, Paridem pro Venere contra Iunonem Minervamque iudicasse de forma. et bene ‘iudicium Paridis’, non favor, ne re uera uideatur offensa. sic enim agit poeta, ut et Iuno causas irascendi habeat, et tamen in Aenea nulla sit culpa. {{sc|'''spretaeqve inivria fomae'''}} epexegesis est, hoc enim fuit iudicium Paridis: ut ‘que’ particula uacet, sicut illo loco &quot;dixitque et proelia uoce diremit&quot;. licet multi separent dicentes aliud esse; numquam enim coniunctio ponitur nisi inter duas res. et ‘spretae formae’ referunt ad Antigonam, Laomedontis filiam, quam a Iunone propter formae adrogantiam in ciconiam constat esse conuersam.

{{ancora+|28|[[Aeneis/Liber I#28|28.]]}} {{sc|'''et genvs invisvm'''}} propter Dardanum Electrae paelicis filium. {{sc|'''rapti'''}} stuprati, ut est &quot;rapta Garamantide nympha&quot;. item &quot;et raptas sine more Sabinas&quot;. uel certe quod ad caelum raptus sit a Iove per aquilam, ut &quot;sublimem pedibus rapuit Iovis armiger uncis&quot;. {{sc|'''ganymedis honores'''}} Troi, regis Troianorum, filii. ‘honores’ autem dixit uel propter ministerium poculorum, quod exhibuit diis remota Hebe, Iunonis filia, uel quod inter sidera conlocatus aquarii nomen accepit. ergo irascitur Iuno quod non ob hoc tantum raptus sit, ut pocula ministraret, sed quod ideo uiolatus sit, ut divinos honores consequeretur. aut ‘honores’ propter formam, ut &quot;et laetos oculis adflarat honores&quot;. sane hic Ganymedes Latine Catamitus dicitur, licet Theodotius, qui Iliacas res perscripsit, hunc fuisse Belin Chaldaeum dicat et Laomedonti praedixisse, tunc perituram et civitatem et regnum Troianum, cum de monte Metios sponte fuisset saxum elapsum: quod cum evenisset, postea Ilium esse dirutam.

{{ancora+|29|[[Aeneis/Liber I#29|29.]]}} {{sc|'''his accensa svper'''}} ‘his super’ aut de his, aut super metum Carthaginis his quoque accensa. 

{{ancora+|30|[[Aeneis/Liber I#30|30.]]}} {{sc|'''troas'''}} bona oeconomia ostendit, totum genus Troianorum inuisum fuisse Iunoni, quia inlaturus est Minervam ob unius hominis delictum etiam eos quos amaverat perdidisse. {{sc|'''relliqvias'''}} ut stet uersus geminavit, nam in prosa reliquias dicimus. ‘relliquias’ autem ‘Danaum’ dupliciter et a Troianis et a Graecis dici possunt, ut &quot;et nostro sequitur de uulnere sanguis&quot;. {{sc|'''atqve inmitis achilli'''}} bene secundum Homerum segregat duces a populo. sic Aeneas in secundo post omnium casum Priami separavit interitum, ut &quot;forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras&quot;. inmitem autem dixit etiam circa extinctum crudelem. et ideo intulit Achillem praecipue, quod Aeneas cum Achille congressus sit et ut in quinto ait Neptuni beneficio liberatus. {{sc|'''achilli'''}} propter homoioteleuton detraxit s litteram, quae plerumque pro sibilo habetur non solum necessitatis, sed etiam euphoniae causa: nam alibi ipse ait &quot;nec equis adspirat Achillis&quot;: ut Sallustius &quot;a principio urbis ad bellum Persi Macedonicum&quot;. detrahitur autem tertiae declinationis genetivo. sane apud Sigeum Achillis statua fuisse dicitur, quae in lanna, id est in extima auris parte elenchum more femineo habuerit. hic apud Cretam insulam pemptus uocatus est, ut ueteres auctores tradunt.

{{ancora+|31|[[Aeneis/Liber I#31|31.]]}} {{sc|'''arcebat'''}} prohibebat. significat autem et ‘continet’. Ennius &quot;qui fulmine claro omnia per sonitus arcet&quot;, id est continet. 

{{ancora+|32|[[Aeneis/Liber I#32|32.]]}} {{sc|'''acti fatis'''}}  nulla Iunonis inuidia est. {{sc|'''acti fatis'''}}  si odio Iunonis fatigabantur, quo modo dicit ‘acti fatis’? sed hoc ipsum Iunonis odium fatale est. laborat enim Vergilius nihil Troianorum meritis, sed omnia fatis adscribere. est et alter sensus; nam fatum uoluntatem legimus, ut &quot;fatis Iunonis iniquae&quot;, id est uoluntate, ut hic intellegamus, agebantur fatis Iunonis, id est uoluntate. uel ‘fatis’ pro malis, ut &quot;nate Iliacis exercite fatis&quot;. {{sc|'''maria omnia'''}}  {{sc|'''circvm'''}} in fine accentum ponimus contra morem Latinum: sed corruptio hoc facit; namque praepositio postposita corrupta est sine dubio. 

{{ancora+|33|[[Aeneis/Liber I#33|33.]]}} {{sc|'''molis'''}} difficultatis. in sequentibus proprie &quot;miratur molem Aeneas&quot;. {{sc|'''romanam condere gentem'''}}  latenter ostendit hinc odium Iunonis Aeneam pertulisse, quod Romanae gentis auctor extabat. 

{{ancora+|34|[[Aeneis/Liber I#34|34.]]}} {{sc|'''vix'''}} hoc loco mox significat uel statim. {{sc|'''e conspectv'''}}  ut adhuc de Sicilia possent uideri. et ut Homerus omisit initia belli Troiani, sic hic non ab initio coepit erroris. 

{{ancora+|35|[[Aeneis/Liber I#35|35.]]}} {{sc|'''laeti'''}} uel alacres et ueloces, ut est &quot;et laetus eois Eurus equis&quot;, item &quot;et uirgea laetus pabula&quot;, id est festinus, cum intentione; uel re uera laeti, quamquam incongruum sit post Anchisae mortem. sed et interitus senum minus doletur, et ‘magis laetos’ intellegendum est, ut sit causa maior iracundiae. sic enim et in septimo Iuno irascitur, ubi &quot;laetum Aenean Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno&quot;. uel ‘laeti’ g-prothumoi, ut &quot;omnisque iuventus laeta&quot;. {{sc|'''salis'''}} maris secundum Homerum. salem autem quo utimur singulari numero tantum dicimus; cum iocos significamus pluralem tantum ponimus numerum, ut Lucanus &quot;non soliti lusere sales&quot;. aliquando autem etiam urbanitatem per singularem numerum significamus, ut Terentius &quot;qui habet salem, quod in te est&quot;, id est quae res in te est, masculini enim generis est, non neutri: et neutra triptota sunt, nec ab hoc accusativo nominativus esse potest ‘hoc salem’. 

{{ancora+|36|[[Aeneis/Liber I#36|36.]]}} {{sc|'''svb pectore'''}}  pro in pectore. {{sc|'''vvlnvs'''}} de praeterito dolorem dixit, de futuro metum, ad utrumque ‘uulnus’ rettulit. 

{{ancora+|37|[[Aeneis/Liber I#37|37.]]}} {{sc|'''haec secvm'''}}  subaudimus locuta est, deest enim. et hoc fictum est, ut superius diximus. unde enim hoc sciret poeta? bene autem inpatientiam doloris ostendit detrahendo ei solatia, ut in quarto solam inducit Didonem &quot;en quid ago?&quot; {{sc|'''haec secvm'''}}  quia uehementior adfectus est sine conscio, ut &quot;et casum insontis mecum indignabar amici&quot; et &quot;crudelia secum fata Lyci&quot;. e contrario &quot;quicum partiri curas&quot;. {{sc|'''mene'''}} ‘ne’ non uacat, significat enim ergo et est coniunctio rationalis. {{sc|'''incepto desistere'''}}  tolerabilius enim est non inchoare, quam incepta deserere, ut Terentius &quot;uerum si incipias, neque pertendas naviter&quot;. et ‘mene’ sic habet emphasin, ut &quot;ast ego, quae divum incedo regina&quot;. {{sc|'''victam'''}} sic et in septimo &quot;uincor ab Aenea&quot;. se uictam pronuntiat uelut uictam. alii iratam tradunt. 

{{ancora+|38|[[Aeneis/Liber I#38|38.]]}} {{sc|'''nec posse italia'''}}  detraxit more suo praepositionem provinciae; non enim dixit ‘de Italia’, sed ‘Italia’. {{sc|'''tevcrorvm'''}} quia Teucer et Scamandrus Creta profecti Troiam venerunt. facta ascensione hospitio a Dardano accepti de advenis cives facti, quia Batiam, Teucri filiam, Dardanus sibi iunxit et populares suos socero cognomines fecit. {{sc|'''avertere'''}} id est in perpetuum. {{sc|'''regem'''}} hoc est, quia nihil amisit, rex est. et mire Aeneam noluit nominare. honorantur enim minores a maioribus si suo nomine fuerint nominati, ut &quot;Aeole, namque tibi&quot;. contra contumelia est si maiores a minoribus suo nomine nominantur, ut &quot;Iunonis gravis ira&quot;. et &quot;pacem te poscimus omnes Turne&quot;. et bene ‘regem’ inuidiose; non enim dixit Troianos, sed unum hominem Troianum. 

{{ancora+|39|[[Aeneis/Liber I#39|39.]]}} {{sc|'''qvippe vetor fatis'''}}  re uera, inquit, fata me prohibent. ergo Iuno ignorat uim fatorum. sed hoc non possumus dicere, quia superius lectum est &quot;si qua fata sinant et audierat&quot;. hoc ergo est. omnis res hominum aut ex nostra uoluntate descendit, ut puta sedere surgere; aut ex fati necessitate, ut nasci mori; aut ex deorum uoluntate, ut navigare uel honoribus frui. nunc de navigatione agitur; et bene inuidiose, quasi etiam huius rei potestatem ei possint fata detrahere. est et alter sensus latens, ut speret se reginam contra exulum fata posse aliquid, si Minervae numen inferius ualuit contra fata uictorum. PALLASNE Minerva g-apo g-tou g-pallein g-to g-doru, id est ab hastae concussione; uel quod Pallantem gigantem occiderit. sane opportune hic Aiacis naufragium ad exemplum adfert, cum de naufragio Aeneae cogitat. et cum bellum meditatur, belli exemplum adfert &quot;Mars perdere gentem inmanem Lapithum ualuit&quot;. ‘ne’ autem coniunctio expletiva uidetur. an aliter? {{sc|'''exvrere'''}} exuri dicitur de quo nihil superest, ut &quot;quid memorem exustas Erycino in litore classes?&quot; {{sc|'''classem'''}} ad inuidiam posuit, ut pro una navi classem dicat. sic Venus &quot;navibus infandum amissis&quot;, cum Orontes solus perisset. aut re uera unam navem significat, ut Horatius &quot;me uel extremos Numidarum in agros classe releget&quot;. classis enim dicta est g-apo g-tohn g-kalohn, id est a lignis, unde et calones dicuntur qui ligna militibus portant, et g-kalopodia. 


{{ancora+|40|[[Aeneis/Liber I#40|40.]]}} {{sc|'''argivvm'''}} quasi et illud contra fata. et ‘Argivum’ pro Argivorum; uidetur autem specie accusativi singularis pro genetivo plurali usus. et bene ‘Argivum’ quasi quos ipsa Iuno amat, ut supra &quot;pro caris gesserat Argis&quot;. {{sc|'''potvit'''}} ad illud refertur quod superius dixit ‘nec posse’. et inuidiose potentiam Minervae exaggerat, quae uno tempore et exurere potuit et submergere. 

{{ancora+|41|[[Aeneis/Liber I#41|41.]]}} {{sc|'''vnivs ob noxam'''}} in istis sermonibus unius illius ipsius naturaliter media producitur syllaba, sed cum opus est corripitur hac excusatione: nam quotiens uocalem longam uocalis sequitur, ei uires detrahit, ut est &quot;insulae Ionio in magno et sub Ilio alto&quot;. et ob hoc mutant accentum; in Latino enim sermone cum paenultima corripitur, antepaenultima habet accentum, ut hoc loco ‘unius ob noxam’ et contra &quot;navibus infandum amissis unius ob iram prodimur&quot;. {{sc|'''noxam'''}} pro ‘noxiam’. et hoc interest inter noxam et noxiam, quod noxia culpa est, noxa autem poena. quidam noxa quae nocuit, noxia id quod nocitum accipiunt. sane latenter tangit historiam; dicitur enim Minerva in tantum ob uitiatam Cassandram in templo suo solius Aiacis poena non fuisse contenta, ut postea per oraculum de eius regno quotannis unam nobilem puellam iusserit Ilium sibi ad sacrificium mitti, et quod est amplius, de ea tribu, de qua Aiax fuerat, sicut Annaeus Placidus refert. {{sc|'''fvrias'''}} amorem, ut in bucolicis &quot;seu quicumque furor&quot;. alii sic accipiunt, quasi illum in furore deliquisse dicat, Troianos scientes. OILI Oilei. et non uacat; nam et duo Aiaces fuerunt, et ambo furuerunt, sed ira armorum Telamonius, hic amore, qui Cassandram in templo Minervae capto Ilio stupravit. et est graeca figura, si dicamus ‘Aeneas Anchisae’ et subaudiamus filius. hac autem figura utimur circa patres et circa maritos tantum, ut Vergilius &quot;Deiphobe Glauci&quot;, id est filia, et &quot;Hectoris Andromache&quot;, id est uxor. sane hic Aiax, Oilei filius a multis historicis Graecis tertiam manum dicitur post tergum habuisse quod ideo dicitur fictum, quia sic celeriter utebatur in proelio manibus, ut tertiam habere putaretur. 

{{ancora+|42|[[Aeneis/Liber I#42|42.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa'''}} bene ipsa; dulcis enim est propria manu quaesita uindicta: unde plus dolet Iuno alienis se uiribus niti, ut Aeoli uel inferorum, sicut ipsa &quot;flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta movebo&quot;. {{sc|'''rapidvm'''}} uelocem, ut est &quot;cum rapidus sol nondum hiemem contingit equis, iam praeterit aestas&quot; item &quot;rapidive potentia solis&quot;. {sed} cum Varro divinarum quinto quattuor diis fulmina adsignet, inter quos et Minervae, quaeritur, cur Minerva Iovis fulmen miserit. antiqui Iovis solius putaverunt esse fulmen, nec id unum esse, ut testantur Etrusci libri de fulguratura, in quibus duodecim genera fulminum scripta sunt, ita ut est Iovis Iunonis Minervae, sic quoque aliorum: nam de Iunonis fulmine Accius ait &quot;praeferuido fulgore ardor iniectus Iunonis dextra ingenti incidit&quot;. quare tum non posuit Minervam misisse fulmen suum? sed multi dicunt, habere quidem Minervam ut Iovem et Iunonem fulmen, sed non tantum ualere, ut uindictam suam possit implere, nisi usa esset Iovis fulmine: unde merito queritur Iuno, Minervam, cum de numero minorum sit qui fulmen habent, usam tamen Iovis fulmine. {{sc|'''iacvlata'''}} in libris Etruscorum lectum est iactus fulminum manubias dici et certa esse numina possidentia fulminum iactus, ut Iovem Vulcanum Minervam. cavendum ergo est, ne aliis hoc numinibus demus. et ‘iaculata’ pro iaculans, participium passivum pro activo. {{sc|'''e nvbibvs'''}} secundum physicos qui dicunt conlisione nubium fulmen creari. et indignatur Iuno, quod, cum nubes suae sint, pariter eis Minerva ac Iovis fulmine usa sit, cum sibi neutrum prosit. 

{{ancora+|43|[[Aeneis/Liber I#43|43.]]}} {{sc|'''disiecitqve'''}} quidam uolunt fulminum genera quattuor esse: unum quod dicitur dissiciens idemque fragosum, alterum transfigens, tertium corripiens, quartum infigens: quas omnes species more suo in unius fulguris descriptione attigit dicens primum ‘disiecitque rates’, secundum ‘illum expirantem transfixo pectore’, tertium ‘turbine corripuit’, quartum ‘scopuloque infixit acuto’. {{sc|'''rates'''}} abusive naves; nam proprie rates sunt conexae inuicem trabes. Varro ad Ciceronem &quot;ratis dicta navis longa propter remos, quod hi supra aquam sublati dextra et sinistra duas rates efficere uidentur. ratis enim, unde hoc translatum, ubi plures mali aut trabes iuncti aqua ducuntur. hinc naviculae cum remis ratariae dicuntur&quot;. 

{{ancora+|44|[[Aeneis/Liber I#44|44.]]}} {{sc|'''illvm'''}} auctorem scilicet criminis. {{sc|'''expirantem flammas'''}} non animam dicit ‘flammas’, sed cum anima fulminis flammas uomentem. et ut superius pleno nomini adiecit ‘opum’, id est &quot;dives opum&quot;, sic hic uerbo; cum enim plenum sit ‘expirantem’, addidit ‘flammas’, ut alio loco ‘animas’, ut &quot;confixi expirant animas&quot;. alii ‘expirantem’ anhelantem accipiunt. Probus et ‘tempore’ legit, ut ipse &quot;liquefacto tempora plumbo&quot;. sed qui legunt ‘pectore’ de Accio translatum adfirmant, qui ait in Clytemestra de Aiace &quot;in pectore fulmen inchoatum flammam ostentabat Iovis&quot;. qui ‘tempore’ legunt de topica historia tractum dicunt; nam Ardeae in templo Castoris et Pollucis in laeva intrantibus post forem Capaneos pictus est fulmen per utraque tempora traiectus. et singulare nomen pro plurali. totius autem Italiae curiosissimum fuisse Vergilium multifariam apparet. 

{{ancora+|45|[[Aeneis/Liber I#45|45.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrbine'''}} uolubilitate uentorum. {{sc|'''scopvlo'''}} saxo eminenti. ‘scopulus’ autem aut a speculando dictus est, aut a tegimento navium, g-apo g-tou g-skepazein. contigerunt autem ista circa Caphereum montem Euboeae. INFIXIT Cornutus ait ‘inflixit’ uerius, quod sit uehementius. 

{{ancora+|46|[[Aeneis/Liber I#46|46.]]}} {{sc|'''ast ego'''}}  nunc conparat singula. et ne leve esset quod dixerat ‘ego’, addidit ‘deorum regina’; sic Sallustius &quot;uos autem, hoc est populus Romanus&quot;. {{sc|'''divvm'''}} autem pro divorum, sicut ‘Argivum’. {{sc|'''incedo'''}} incedere proprie est nobilium personarum, hoc est cum aliqua dignitate ambulare, ut &quot;regina ad templum forma pulcherrima Dido incessit et aut iaculo incedit melior&quot;, Sallustius &quot;sed incedunt per ora uestra magnifici&quot;. 

{{ancora+|47|[[Aeneis/Liber I#47|47.]]}} {{sc|'''et soror et conivnx'''}}  physici Iovem aetherem, id est ignem uolunt intellegi, Iunonem uero aerem, et quoniam tenuitate haec elementa paria sunt, dixerunt esse germana. sed quoniam Iuno, hoc est aer, subiectus est igni, id est Iovi, iure superposito elemento mariti traditum nomen est. Iovem autem a iuvando dixerunt; nulla enim res sic fovet omnia, quemadmodum calor. {{sc|'''tot annos'''}} licenter in istis elocutionibus et accusativo et ablativo utimur. dicimus enim et ‘tota nocte legi’ et ‘totam noctem legi’. honestior tamen elocutio est per accusativum. sane ‘tot annos’ continuationem significat, ‘tot annis’ autem intervallum. 

{{ancora+|48|[[Aeneis/Liber I#48|48.]]}} {{sc|'''et qvisqvam'''}}  non Troianorum, sed omnium generaliter. {{sc|'''ivnonis'''}} autem pro ‘meum’, nomen pro pronomine. 

{{ancora+|49|[[Aeneis/Liber I#49|49.]]}} {{sc|'''praeterea'''}} postea, ut &quot;praeterea uidit, nec portitor Orci amplius obiectam passus transire paludem&quot;. {{sc|'''svpplex'''}} breviter utrumque dixit; aut enim suscipiuntur uota precibus, aut honore redduntur. et ostendere uult, non solum non sibi supplicandum, sed nec simplici veneratione dignam futuram. 


{{ancora+|50|[[Aeneis/Liber I#50|50.]]}} {{sc|'''talia flammato'''}}  quod superius intermiserat nunc reddidit. nam dixerat superius ‘haec secum’ et modo ait ‘uolutans’, id est cogitans. multi sane ‘talia uolutans’ talia revolutans accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|51|[[Aeneis/Liber I#51|51.]]}} {{sc|'''nimborvm'''}} nimbi nunc uentos significant, plerumque nubes uel pluvias: ergo prout locus fuerit intellegamus. proprie tamen nimbi uocantur repentinae et praecipites pluviae; nam pluvias dicimus lentas et iuges. et figurate ‘patriam, loca’; unum enim uarietas ipsa significat. {{sc|'''loca feta'''}} nunc plena, ut alio loco &quot;feta armis&quot;. sciendum est autem fetam dici et gravidam et partu liberatam, ut &quot;fecerat et uiridi fetam Mavortis in antro&quot;; enixam autem eam fuisse lac, quod pueris praebebatur, ostendit. item fetam gravidam illo loco ostendit, &quot;non insueta graves temptabunt pabula fetas&quot;. ergo quia feta medius sermo est, bene hoc loco epitheto discrevit, dicens ‘graves fetas’, ut bonum facinus et malum facinus dicimus, bonum venenum et malum venenum. {{sc|'''avstris'''}} figura est celebrata apud Vergilium: et est species pro genere. legerat apud Ennium &quot;furentibus uentis&quot;, sed quasi asperum fugit et posuit ‘austris’ pro uentis. 

{{ancora+|52|[[Aeneis/Liber I#52|52.]]}} {{sc|'''aeoliam venit'''}}  novem insulae, quae sunt post fretum Siciliae, appellantur Aeoliae ab Aeolo rege, Hippotae filio, licet habeant et propria nomina. unde et Vergilius ait &quot;Aeoliam Liparen&quot;. poetae quidem fingunt hunc regem esse uentorum, sed ut Varro dicit, rex fuit insularum, ex quarum nebulis et fumo Vulcaniae insulae praedicens futura flabra uentorum inperitis uisus est uentos sua potestate retinere. {{sc|'''aeoliam venit'''}} in Aeoliam. detraxit ⟨praepositionem⟩, ut &quot;Italiam fato&quot;. Aeolus Hippotae sive Iovis sive Neptuni filius. qui cum immineret bellum, quo Tyrrhenus, Lipari frater, Peloponnesum uastare proposuisset, missus ab Agamemnone, ut freta tueretur, pervenit ad Liparum, qui supra dictas insulas regebat imperio, factaque amicitia Cyanam filiam eius in matrimonium sumpsit et Strongulam insulam in qua maneret accepit. {{sc|'''hic'''}} illic, ut superius &quot;hic currus fuit&quot;. {{sc|'''vasto antro'''}} physica ratione hoc fingit poeta. naturale enim est ut loca concava plena sint uentis. sane ‘uasto’ pro desolato ueteres ponebant. Ennius Iphigenia &quot;quae nunc abs te uiduae et uastae uirgines sunt&quot;. ponebant et pro magno. Clodius commentariorum &quot;uasta: inania magna&quot;. 

{{ancora+|53|[[Aeneis/Liber I#53|53.]]}} {{sc|'''lvctantes'''}} elaborantes egredi uel inter se saevientes. {{sc|'''sonoras'''}} graves sonis, et est tempestatis epitheton. ordo autem talis est, Aeolus uentos et tempestates sonoras uasto antro premit. quidam ‘sonoras’ semper strepentes tradunt, ut &quot;fluminibusque sonoris&quot;; nam sonorum est quidquid sine intermissione sonum servat, sonans uero quod ad tempus auditur. male autem quidam accipiunt ‘sonoras’ pro sonantes, cum sit proprium ‘sonoras’, ut g-thalassa g-te g-ehchehessa. aliud est enim g-ehchousa, id est sonans. 

{{ancora+|54|[[Aeneis/Liber I#54|54.]]}} {{sc|'''ac vinclis et carcere frenat'''}}  translatio est per poeticam licentiam facta. carcer autem est undecumque prohibemur exire, dictus quasi arcer ab arcendo. locum autem, in quo servantur noxii, carcerem dicimus numero tantum singulari; unde uero erumpunt quadrigae, carceres dicimus numero tantum plurali, licet plerumque usurpet poeta, ut est &quot;ruuntque effusi carcere currus&quot;. alii uinclis carceris tradunt, ut &quot;quam ferro excisam crebrisque bipennibus instant&quot;. 

{{ancora+|55|[[Aeneis/Liber I#55|55.]]}} {{sc|'''illi indignantes'''}}  hic aperte ostendit, quid sit ‘luctantes’. {{sc|'''magno cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} non circum montis claustra, sed cum magno montis murmure fremebant. et est maior sensus: sic fremebant, ut etiam antra possent sonare. {{sc|'''cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} sic dixit Pacuvius &quot;murmur maris&quot;, quia uentos murmur sequitur, ut ipse alibi &quot;magno misceri murmure pontum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|56|[[Aeneis/Liber I#56|56.]]}} {{sc|'''circvm fremvnt'''}}  quidam hoc loco ‘fremunt’ id est imperia recusant intellegunt, ut apud Cassium in annalium secundo &quot;ne quis regnum occuparet, si plebs nostra fremere imperia coepisset&quot;, id est recusare. ita et hic ostendit uentos imperia recusantes. non numquam ‘fremere’ uelle significat, ut &quot;arma amens fremit, arma toro tectisque requirit&quot;. {{sc|'''celsa arce'''}} secundum quod superius diximus. uenti enim melius deprehenduntur ex alto. {{sc|'''sedet'''}} non otiatur, sed curat; apud antiquos enim ‘sedet’ considerat significabat, ut alio loco ait &quot;Turnus sacrata ualle sedebat&quot;. 

{{ancora+|57|[[Aeneis/Liber I#57|57.]]}} {{sc|'''mollitqve animos'''}}  id est uentos g-apo g-tohn g-anemohn, ut ipse alibi &quot;quantum ignes animaeque ualent&quot; et Horatius &quot;inpellunt animae lintea Thraciae&quot;. ‘mollit’ autem ideo dixit, ut per transitum ostenderet, uitia naturae nulla ratione mutari, sed mitigari aliquatenus posse. 

{{ancora+|58|[[Aeneis/Liber I#58|58.]]}} {{sc|'''maria ac terras caelvmqve profvndvm'''}}  atqui quattuor elementa sunt, terra aqua aer aether. sed hoc loco rite praetermisit aetherem, quia uenti non turbant superiora, ut ait Lucanus &quot;pacem summa tenent&quot;, sed aut terras aut maria aut aerem. nam caelum hoc loco pro aere posuit, ut Lucretius &quot;in hoc caelo qui dicitur aer&quot;. ‘profundum’ autem et sublime dicitur {et profundum mare}, ut ‘supremum’ ⟨et⟩ altum &quot;pro supreme Iuppiter&quot;, ⟨et⟩ postremum. potest et ad maria et ad terras referri. quidam ‘profundum’ in profundum accipiunt, alii pro funditus. et sicut hic ‘profundum’ in altitudinem, sic alibi fastigia de infima parte &quot;forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras&quot;. 

{{ancora+|59|[[Aeneis/Liber I#59|59.]]}} {{sc|'''ferant'''}} auferant; et est aphaeresis. {{sc|'''rapidi'''}} ueloces, ut supra. {{sc|'''verrantqve'''}} uerrere est trahere, a rete, quod uerriculum dicitur. est autem principalitas uerbi uerro uerris, praeteritum uersi, unde et fit participium uersus, hinc alibi &quot;et uersa puluis inscribitur hasta&quot;, id est tracta. 


{{ancora+|60|[[Aeneis/Liber I#60|60.]]}} {{sc|'''spelvncis atris'''}}  uel tenebrosis, uel magnis. 

{{ancora+|61|[[Aeneis/Liber I#61|61.]]}} {{sc|'''id metvens'''}}  timens. ergo Iuppiter timet, non sibi, sed elementis, ne turbentur eruptione uentorum, ut si bellorum tempore dicas uirum fortem timere, non sibi, sed liberis suis. {{sc|'''hoc metvens'''}} providens cavens. {{sc|'''molemqve et montes'''}} id est molem montis. et est figura, ut una res in duas dividatur, metri causa interposita coniunctione, ut alio loco &quot;pateris libamus et auro&quot;, id est pateris aureis. 

{{ancora+|62|[[Aeneis/Liber I#62|62.]]}} {{sc|'''foedere'''}} modo lege, alias pace, quae fit inter dimicantes. foedus autem dictum uel a fetialibus, id est sacerdotibus per quos fiunt foedera, uel a porca foede, hoc est lapidibus occisa, ut ipse &quot;et caesa iungebant foedera porca&quot;. 

{{ancora+|63|[[Aeneis/Liber I#63|63.]]}} {{sc|'''et premere et laxas sciret dare ivssvs habenas'''}}  permansit in translatione, ut &quot;uinclis et carcere frenat&quot;. ‘iussus’ autem ob hoc posuit, quia suo nihil facit imperio. nam tolle hoc, et maior est omnibus diis, si ad eius uoluntatem possunt elementa confundi: ut ipse &quot;Aeolus mihi iussa capessere fas est&quot;. simul uentorum ostenditur uis, quibus parum fuerat montem superponi, nisi et regem acciperent, qui ipse quoque alieno pareret imperio. ET PREMERE E- L- S- D- I- H- alioquin Iunoni obsequi non posset. alii ‘iussus’ ita intellegunt, non cum iuberetur eum hoc facere, sed ita administrare, ut etiam iussus erat, secundum desiderium temporum. 

{{ancora+|64|[[Aeneis/Liber I#64|64.]]}} {{sc|'''ad'''}} apud quem, ut supra. 

{{ancora+|65|[[Aeneis/Liber I#65|65.]]}} {{sc|'''aeole'''}} rhetoricum est in omni petitione haec observare, ut possit praestare qui petitur, ut sit possibilitas, ut sit res iusta quae petitur, ut habeat modum petitio, ut sequatur remuneratio. et sciendum est secundum hunc ordinem omnes petitiones formare Vergilium, ut in hoc loco possibilitas est ‘et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere uento’. iusta petitio est ‘gens inimica mihi’; omne enim quod contra inimicos petimus iustum est. modus petitionis est ‘et dissice corpora ponto’. remuneratio ‘sunt mihi bis septem praestanti c- n-’. {{sc|'''aeole incvte vim ventis'''}} ordo ipse est. et est figura parenthesis. inter parenthesin et ellipsin hoc interest, quod parenthesis es quotiens remota de medio sententia integer sermo perdurat; plenum namque est ‘Aeole incute uim uentis’. item &quot;Aeneas rapidum ad naves praemittit Achatem&quot;. ellipsis autem est quotiens remotis interpositis deest aliquid, ut est &quot;quos ego - post mihi non simili poena&quot;; deest enim ‘adfligam’. {{sc|'''aeole'''}} sane antiqui quotiens a minoribus beneficium petebant, a nomine incipiebant, et erat honoratius si nomen ipsius ante praeferrent. DIVUM PATER ATQUE HOMINUM REX Iuppiter. et periphrasis est, id est circumlocutio. ‘pater’ autem a Vergilio ad eminentiam ponitur, ut &quot;pater Aeneas&quot; et &quot;pater Appenninus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|66|[[Aeneis/Liber I#66|66.]]}} {{sc|'''et mvlcere dedit flvctvs et tollere vento'''}}  aliud pendet ex alio; nam qui potest mulcere, potest et tollere, id est erigere in tempestatem. ‘mulcere’ autem delenire. hinc mulsum quod dulcedine animos nostros permulceat. alii ‘mulcere’ mitigare, mollire uel fovere. 

{{ancora+|67|[[Aeneis/Liber I#67|67.]]}} {{sc|'''gens'''}} sermo hic et nationem significat et familiam, sed nunc ad utrumque potest referri. nam aut ad familiam Aeneae aut ad Troianam gentem refertur. {{sc|'''tyrrhenvm'''}} tyrrhenus cum fratre Lydo regnum ea indulgentia tenuit, ut ingens frequentia populi his contingeret: quae causa summam rerum fecit inopiam, nullo patriam relinquente aut uolente peregrinari, quia tanta bonitas erat in regibus. consilium igitur habuerunt, ut partiti turbam, quam alere non poterant, alternis diebus abstinerent a cibis lusibusque uacaretur. atque hac lascivia excogitaverunt talorum tesserarumque iactus pilaeque lusum et tibiae modulationem et concentum symphoniae tubarumque, quibus avocati cives facilius tolerarent ieiunium. novissime tamen quia uincebat necessitas nec ulla consilia famem relevarent, sortiti sunt, uter ex fratribus cum parte populi abiret in quas sors terras dedisset. cum Tyrrhenus sorte iussus discederet, in mari quod Tyrrhenum ab eo uocatur periit. cuius filius Tuscus cum populo evasit in regionem Tusciam, quae ab eo nomen accepit. {{sc|'''tyrrhenvm'''}} tyrrhenum mare dictum est uel quod Tusciam adluit, id est Tyrrheniam, uel certe a Tyrrhenis nautis, qui se in hoc mare praecipitaverunt. namque hoc habet fabula, dormientem in litore Liberum patrem puerum nautas abstulisse Tyrrhenos. qui cum esset experrectus in navi, quo duceretur rogavit; responderunt illi, quo uellet. Liber ait ad Naxum insulam sibi sacratam. at coeperunt alio uela deflectere, quam ob rem iratum numen tigres sibi sacratas iussit uideri, quo terrore se illi in fluctus dedere praecipites. alii dicunt, quod stuprum Libero patri inferre temptaverint ac propterea hoc pertulerint. {{sc|'''mihi navigat'''}} id est in meum dolorem. {{sc|'''navigat aeqvor'''}} figura Graeca est; nos enim dicimus per aequor navigat. similiter etiam alio loco &quot;terram, mare, sidera iuro&quot;, cum latinitas exigat, ut addatur praepositio per. et non uacat quod ‘Tyrrhenum’ addidit; uidetur enim dicere, iam eis Italiam esse uicinam. 

{{ancora+|68|[[Aeneis/Liber I#68|68.]]}} {{sc|'''ilivm in italiam portans'''}}  id est res Ilienses. et inuidiose dicit Ilium, quasi ipsam cernat civitatem, cum Troianos aspexerit. et bene ‘Ilium’, hoc est quam fata stare noluerint. {{sc|'''victosqve penates'''}} a Graecis. tacite occurrit quaestioni: portat quidem deos, sed uictos, hoc est contemnendos, ne facere contra inuictos nollet. 

{{ancora+|69|[[Aeneis/Liber I#69|69.]]}} {{sc|'''incvte vim ventis'''}}  duplex sensus est: ‘incute’ enim si inice significat, ‘uentis’ dativus est casus, hoc est, parva est eorum, etiam tu eis da magnam uim; si autem ‘fac’, septimus casus est, et erit sensus: fac uim Troianis per uentos, hoc est, per uentos uim in Troianos incute. Ennius &quot;dictis Romanis incutit iram&quot;. {{sc|'''svbmersasqve obrve pvppes'''}} ordo est ⟨inuersus⟩ in sensu; ante enim est ut obruantur fluctibus, et sic submerguntur. tota autem Iunonis petitio in sequentibus explanatur. SUBMERSASQUE OBRVE P- id est obrue, ut submergas. 


{{ancora+|70|[[Aeneis/Liber I#70|70.]]}} {{sc|'''avt age diversos'''}}  hoc est disperge illos per diversa, ne ad Italiam veniant; duobus enim generibus deletur exercitus, aut internecione aut dispersione. {{sc|'''et dissice corpora'''}} hic mutavit coniunctionem, nam dicendum erat ‘aut dissice corpora’. {{sc|'''corpora ponto'''}} tam uirorum quam navium, ut ipse alio loco cum de navibus loqueretur &quot;et toto descendit corpore pestis&quot;. sciendum sane est artem hanc esse petitionis, ut minora inpetrare cupientes maiora poscamus: quod etiam nunc Iuno facit. scit namque se fatis obstare non posse, sed hoc agit, ut eos arceat ab Italia. 

{{ancora+|71|[[Aeneis/Liber I#71|71.]]}} {{sc|'''svnt mihi bis septem'''}}  non sine ratione Iuno nymphas dicitur sua potestate retinere; ipsa est enim aer, de quo nubes creantur, ut est &quot;atque in nubem cogitur aer&quot;, ex nubibus aquae, quas nymphas esse non dubium est. ideo autem nympham Aeolo pollicetur, quia uentorum rex est, qui aquae motu creantur. bene ergo ei iungitur origo uentorum. sane notant Vergilium critici, quia marito promittit uxorem: quod excusat regia licentia, ut Sallustius &quot;denas alii alii plures habent, sed reges eo amplius&quot;. uel certe quod ex priore coniuge inprobos filios Aeolus habuerit, uel quod haec quam promittit inmortalis est. alii uolunt Iunonem per iram oblitam, Aeolum uxorem et filios habere; quod exinde adserunt, quia Aeolus ad haec nihil ei responderit. et bene Iuno sic pollicetur, quasi Aeolo beneficium ante non concesserit. econtra Aeolus non ad praesens, sed ad praeteritum respondit ‘tu mihi quodcumque hoc regni est’. {{sc|'''praestanti corpore nymphae'''}} bene etiam istas laudat, ut maior sit in Deiopea pulchritudinis gloria. laudabilius enim est superare laudatos, ut ipse ad maiorem Aeneae gloriam laudat et Turnum. harum autem quattuordecim nomina, ut quidam uolunt, in Georgicis invenimus. ‘praestanti’ autem ‘corpore’ pro praestantis corporis, ablativum pro genetivo. 

{{ancora+|72|[[Aeneis/Liber I#72|72.]]}} {{sc|'''qvarvm qvae forma'''}}  dicimus et per se ‘quarum quae pulcherrima’, et plus ornavit inferendo ‘forma pulcherrima’. 

{{ancora+|73|[[Aeneis/Liber I#73|73.]]}} {{sc|'''convbio ivngam'''}}  deest eam; et conubium est ius legitimi matrimonii. et bene ‘conubio iungam’ dixit, ut hanc ab aliis segregaret, quae a regibus sine lege habentur. solent enim reges inter plures uni praecipuum dare nomen uxoris. et ‘conubio’ nu brevem posuit, cum naturaliter longa sit. nubo enim, unde habet originem, longa est. sed est tropus systole, qui fit quotienscumque longa corripitur syllaba propter metri necessitatem. ipse alio loco longam posuit, ut est &quot;Hectoris Andromache Pyrrhin conubia servas?&quot; item &quot;cuique loci leges dedimus, conubia nostra reppulit&quot; et &quot;per conubia nostra&quot; et &quot;Nomadumque petam conubia supplex&quot;. sciendum tamen est, quia plerumque in conpositione uel derivatione principalitatis natura corrumpitur. {{sc|'''convbio ivngam stabili propriamqve dicabo'''}} multa in unum contulit uersum quae Iuno promittit; dicendo enim ‘conubio’ ostendit legitimam, dicendo ‘stabili’ longam promittit concordiam, id est quae divortio careat, dicendo ‘propriam’ adulterii removet suspitionem. quod autem adiecit ‘dicabo’ obsequentem eam fore demonstrat. in usu enim est ut dicamus, sacerdos dicatus est numini, hoc est ad obsequium datus est. alii ‘dicabo’ dabo accipiunt. Terentius &quot;iam hanc operam tibi dico&quot;, id est do, sicuti ab eo quod est dico participium a passivo dictus facit, ut est &quot;Iunoni infernae dictus sacer&quot;, quamuis alibi lectum sit &quot;templis sibi ferre dicatis&quot;. ‘propriam dicabo’ autem deest ‘tibi eam’. ‘propriam’ autem possumus uel firmam uel perpetuam accipere, ut &quot;si proprium hoc fuerit&quot;. Terentius &quot;nihilne esse cuiquam proprium&quot; et &quot;quod uoluptates eorum propriae sunt&quot; et &quot;da propriam, Thymbraee, domum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|74|[[Aeneis/Liber I#74|74.]]}} {{sc|'''omnes annos'''}}  bene, quia dea est; non enim usque ad senectutem. {{sc|'''meritis'''}} praestitis, ut alibi &quot;nec te regina negabo promeritam&quot;, id est praestitisse. et alterum pendet ex altero; meritum enim non nisi ex praestantis descendit beneficio. 

{{ancora+|75|[[Aeneis/Liber I#75|75.]]}} {{sc|'''pvlchra prole'''}}  bene postremum addidit propter quod matrimonium contrahitur, pulcherrimos filios. et mire hoc Iuno Lucina promittit, quasi non ob libidinem offerat. {{sc|'''pvlchra prole'''}} notanda figura; frequenter enim hac utitur. nam quod nos per genetivum singularem dicimus, antiqui per septimum dicebant, ut hoc loco ‘parentem pulchra prole’, id est pulchrae prolis. et simpliciter intellegendum est; errant namque qui dicunt ideo ‘pulchra’ dixisse propter Canacen et Macareum in se inuicem turpissimos fratres. illi enim alterius Aeoli filii fuerunt. 

{{ancora+|76|[[Aeneis/Liber I#76|76.]]}} {{sc|'''aeolvs haec'''}}  subaudis ‘dixit’, quod ex posterioribus intellegitur, ut supra notavimus. {{sc|'''regina'''}} inferioris personae revetentia est maiorem meritis appellare, non nomine; contra maioris est minorem nomine tantum uocare. qui ordo non nisi per indignationem corrumpitur, ut in duodecimo Sages in extremis rebus Turnum non regem uocat, ut &quot;ruitque inplorans nomine Turnum&quot;. et alibi de Aristaeo &quot;et te crudelem nomine dicit&quot;. {{sc|'''optes'''}} optare non tantum eligere significat, ut alibi &quot;optavitque locum regno&quot;, sed etiam uelle, ut hoc loco ‘quid optes’ quid uelis. Lucilius in VI. &quot;quid ipsum facere optes&quot;, id est uelis. alii ‘quid optes’ quid petas. sane servavit ordinem; nam qui promittit statim a primo polliceri debet, post si qua uult addat, ut auditor expectatione non pendeat. 

{{ancora+|77|[[Aeneis/Liber I#77|77.]]}} {{sc|'''explorare'''}} deliberare; superius namque multa poposcerat Iuno. hoc ergo dicit: tuum est deliberare, quid uelis. aut certe aperire uel pensare, quale sit desiderium. alii explorare Iovis animum; aut certe ‘explorare’ explanare; aut certe statuere, an aequum sit quod petis, tuus enim hic labor est. {{sc|'''mihi ivssa capessere fas est'''}} figura est litotes, quae fit quotienscumque minus dicimus et plus significamus per contrarium intellegentes, ut hoc loco non ait: licet mihi inplere quae praecipis, sed nefas est non inplere quae iusseris. item &quot;munera nec sperno&quot;, id est libenter accipio. {{sc|'''mihi ivssa capessere fas est'''}} hoc secundum ea quae aliter dicuntur, aliter audiuntur dictum est. {nam} cum dicit non se posse ⟨non⟩ inplere quae Iuno praecipiat, nefas tamen putat {non} inplere praecepta. ‘mihi’ sane ultima syllaba produci debet, quia hoc casu omnia uel nomina uel pronomina uel participia in ultima syllaba produci debent. ‘capessere’ autem est saepe capere. 

{{ancora+|78|[[Aeneis/Liber I#78|78.]]}} {{sc|'''tv mihi qvodcvmqve hoc regni'''}}  rediit ad physicam rationem. nam motus aeris, id est Iunonis, uentos creat, quibus Aeolus praeest. dicendo autem ‘quodcumque’ aut uerecunde ait, ne uideatur adrogans, aut latenter paene iocatur poeta; quis enim potest uentos, id est rem inanem tenere? TU MIHI Q- H- R- hoc ad illud respondet ‘namque tibi divum pater atque hominum rex’. QUODCVMQUE H- R- quia ipse rex sub alieno imperio est. ‘quodcumque’ ergo quod ‘clauso uentorum carcere regno’, nec in mea manu est nisi iusso uentos emittere. {{sc|'''iovemqve concilias'''}} hysteroproteron in sensu. non enim Iuppiter conciliatur Aeolo, sed Aeolus Iovi, quasi superiori. conciliantur autem novi, reconciliantur antiqui. 

{{ancora+|79|[[Aeneis/Liber I#79|79.]]}} {{sc|'''tv das epvlis accvmbere divvm'''}}  hoc est, tu me deum facis. duplici enim ratione divinos honores meremur, dearum coniugio et conuivio deorum. unde et in bucolicis &quot;nec deus hunc mensa, dea nec dignata cubili est&quot;. sane ‘epulis accumbere’ secundum sui temporis consuetudinem dixit; nam olim sedentes uescebantur, sicut ipse meminit &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. et apud Homerum sedentes dii epulantur. 

{{ancora+|80|[[Aeneis/Liber I#80|80.]]}} {{sc|'''nimborvmqve'''}} nubium, ut &quot;et lunam in nimbo nox intempesta tenebat&quot;. 

{{ancora+|81|[[Aeneis/Liber I#81|81.]]}} {{sc|'''haec vbi dicta'''}}  et a Iunone et ab Aeolo. et ‘dicta’ si nomen est, dedit, si participium, deest sunt. et ‘haec ubi dicta’ pro postquam, aduerbium locale pro temporali. {{sc|'''cavvm'''}} ordo est, conuersa cuspide cavum montem in latus inpulit. et alibi &quot;in latus inque feri curvam compagibus aluum contorsit&quot;. alii ‘in latus’ pro latus accipiunt. Ennius &quot;nam me gravis impetus Orci percutit in latus&quot;. {{sc|'''inpvlit in latvs'''}} quasi in rem quae facile cedit ictui. 

{{ancora+|82|[[Aeneis/Liber I#82|82.]]}} {{sc|'''agmine'''}} uel inpetu uel multitudine. agmen enim polysemus sermo est. nam inpetum significat, ut &quot;illi agmine certo Laocoonta petunt&quot;; multitudinem, ut &quot;uocat agmina saeva sororum&quot;. etiam incedentem exercitum ‘agmen’ uocamus. 

{{ancora+|83|[[Aeneis/Liber I#83|83.]]}} {{sc|'''qva data'''}}  et in undecimo &quot;coeant in foedera dextrae qua datur&quot;. ‘qua’ ergo quoniam. et ‘qua data’ ad uotum uentorum uidetur rettulisse. {{sc|'''porta'''}} omnis exitus porta dicitur, quasi qua potest uel inportari uel exportari aliquid. aut ideo ‘porta’, quia ‘agmine’ dixerat; nam porta proprie aut urbis aut castrorum est. {{sc|'''tvrbine'''}} ui uentorum. et sciendum est, quod quando appellativum est ‘turbinis’ facit, sed si sit nomen proprium, ‘Turbonis’ facit, ut Horatius &quot;Turbonis in armis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|84|[[Aeneis/Liber I#84|84.]]}} {{sc|'''incvbvere mari'''}}  tria dicit elementa turbata: ‘terras turbine perflant’, ‘incubuere mari’ et rursum ‘intonuere poli’. his ergo enumeratis recte adiecit ‘intentant omnia mortem’. 

{{ancora+|85|[[Aeneis/Liber I#85|85.]]}} {{sc|'''evrvsqve notvsqve'''}}  cardinales quattuor uenti sunt, de quibus nunc tres ponit, paulo post unum quem omiserat reddit, ut &quot;stridens aquilone procella&quot;. {{sc|'''vna evrvsqve notvsqve et africvs'''}} bene modo hos tres uentos inferiores tantum nominavit, qui a sedibus imis mare commovent, Zephyrum et Aquilonem tacuit; Zephyrum, qui ad Italiam ducit, Aquilonem, qui desuper flat. ideo Homerus de eo &quot;g-kai g-borees g-aithrehgenetes, g-mega g-kuma g-kulindohn&quot;. {{sc|'''rvvnt'''}} autem modo eruunt. {{sc|'''procellis'''}} procella est uis uenti cum pluvia, dicta procella ab eo, quod omnia percellat, hoc est moveat. 

{{ancora+|87|[[Aeneis/Liber I#87|87.]]}} {{sc|'''inseqvitvr clamorqve virvm'''}}  quia praecesserat uentorum sonus, quem et ipsum clamorem possumus dicere. {{sc|'''stridorqve rvdentvm'''}} proprie; nam in funibus stridor est. ‘stridor’ autem est sibilus. Pacuvius in Teucro &quot;armamentum stridor et rudentum sibilus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|88|[[Aeneis/Liber I#88|88.]]}} {{sc|'''eripivnt s'''}} - N- Accius in Clytemestra &quot;deum regnator nocte caeca caelum e conspectu abstulit&quot; 

{{ancora+|89|[[Aeneis/Liber I#89|89.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrorvm ex ocvlis'''}}  numquam enim totum caelum nubibus tegitur, sed illa pars, contra quam flaverint uenti. quod autem dixit diem eripi, ad uidentum oculos rettulit, non ad naturam. TEUCRORUM E- O- bene ‘Teucrorum’, quibus tempestas inmissa erat. {{sc|'''nox incvbat'''}} nox dicta, quod oculis noceat. ‘incubat’ autem ideo dixit, quod alienum tempus inuasit. nam incubare proprie dicitur per uim rem alienam uelle tenere. aut certe ‘nox incubat’, ut nihil intervalli esset inter tenebras et mare. aut tempestates, ut in georgicis &quot;ipse pater media nimborum in nocte corusca fulmina molitur dextra&quot;. 

{{ancora+|90|[[Aeneis/Liber I#90|90.]]}} {{sc|'''poli'''}} axes, id est extremae partes caeli. duo enim sunt, notius et borius, a quibus totum caelum contonuisse significat. {{sc|'''aether'''}} aetherem hoc loco pro aere posuit. nubes enim, unde et fulmina, aeris sunt, non aetheris: et frequenter Vergilius duo ista confundit. 

{{ancora+|91|[[Aeneis/Liber I#91|91.]]}} {{sc|'''intentant'''}} minantur, ingerunt. {{sc|'''omnia'''}} autem ad superiora rettulit. 

{{ancora+|92|[[Aeneis/Liber I#92|92.]]}} {{sc|'''extemplo'''}} ilico statim. et est augurum sermo. templum enim dicitur locus manu designatus in aere, post quem factum ilico captantur auguria. {{sc|'''aeneae'''}} servavit g-to g-prepon, ut Aeneam ultimum territum dicat. {{sc|'''frigore'''}} timore. et est reciproca translatio; nam et timor pro frigore et frigus pro timore ponitur, ut in Terentio &quot;uxorem tuam pavitare aiunt&quot; non timere, sed laborare frigoribus; utrumque enim in unum exitum cadit, sicut et de calore et de frigore urere dicimus, ut est &quot;aut Boreae penetrabile frigus adurat&quot;. nam et Graeci g-phrikta dicunt quae sunt timenda, ut Homerus { &quot;g-dohra g-men g-ouk g-et’ g-onosta&quot;}. Livius in Odyssia &quot;igitur demum Ulixi cor frixit prae pavore&quot;. reprehenditur sane hoc loco Vergilius, quod improprie hos uersus Homeri transtulerit g-kai g-tot g-Odusseos g-luto g-gounata, g-kai g-philon g-ehtor, g-ochthehsas d’ g-ara g-eipe g-pros g-hon g-megalehtora g-thumon&quot;. nam ‘soluuntur frigore membra’ longe aliud est, quam luto gounata: et ‘duplices tendens ad sidera palmas talia uoce refert’ molle, cum illud magis altum et heroicae personae g-pros g-hon g-megalehtora thumon. praeterea quis interdiu manus ad sidera tollit, aut quis ad caelum manum tendens non aliud precatur potius, quam dicit ‘o terque quaterque beati’? et ille intra se, ne exaudiant socii et timidiores despondeant animo, hic uero uociferatur. 

{{ancora+|93|[[Aeneis/Liber I#93|93.]]}} {{sc|'''ingemit'''}} non propter mortem ingemit, sequitur enim ‘o terque quaterque beati’, sed propter mortis genus. grave enim est secundum Homerum perire naufragio, quia anima ignea est et exstingui uidetur in mari, id est elemento contrario. {{sc|'''dvplices'''}} duas, secundum morem antiquum. nam duplices duos dicebant, ut hoc loco, et binos duos, et utrosque pro utrumque, ut Cicero &quot;binos habebam, iubeo promi utrosque&quot;. item Sallustius cum de duobus loqueretur &quot;hi utrique ad urbem imperatores erant&quot;. {{sc|'''palmas'''}} manus explicitas. 

{{ancora+|94|[[Aeneis/Liber I#94|94.]]}} {{sc|'''talia voce refert'''}}  profert. ‘re’ abundat. alibi ‘refert’ respondet, ut &quot;Anna refert&quot;. sic in consuetudine dicimus: ille mihi rettulit. {{sc|'''o terqve qvaterqve'''}} id est saepius; finitus numerus pro infinito. et sic erupit in uocem cum dolore Homerus g-tris g-makares g-Danaoi g-kai g-tetrakis, g-hoi g-tot’ g-olonto. et hoc principium quidam acephalon dicunt, cum intellegi debeat, multa eum intra se cogitasse, postremo in haec erupisse. 

{{ancora+|95|[[Aeneis/Liber I#95|95.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis'''}} et quis et quibus significat: secundum artem enim sic dicimus. ab eo enim quod est ‘a qui’ in ‘bus’ mittit, ab eo quod est ‘a quo’ in ‘is’ mittit, sed a tertia declinatione in usu sunt dativus et ablativus plurales, licet antiqui omnibus usi sint casibus. denique Cato in originibus ait &quot;si ques sunt populi&quot;. et declinavit ‘ques quium’, ut ‘puppes puppium’. {{sc|'''moenibvs altis'''}} propter Pergama, quae altissima fuerunt, ex quibus omnia alta aedificia pergama uocantur, sicut Aeschylus dicit. 

{{ancora+|96|[[Aeneis/Liber I#96|96.]]}} {{sc|'''oppetere'''}} ore terram petere, id est mori. possumus autem sic uti hoc sermone, ut et per se plenus sit et recipiat adiectionem. ergo dicimus et oppetit et mortem oppetit, sicut et exspirat et animam exspirat. {{sc|'''fortissime gentis'''}} atqui in artibus legimus superlativum gradum non nisi genetivo plurali iungi. constat quidem, sed ‘gens’ nomen est enuntiatione singulare, intellectu plurale. bene ergo iunxit, in gente enim plures sunt, ut alibi ipse &quot;ditissimus agri Phoenicum&quot;; non enim unus est ager Phoenicum. item Sallustius &quot;Romani generis disertissimus&quot;. aut superlativo pro comparativo usus uidetur, quasi fortissimis comparandus, non ut uulgo creditur praeferendus. sane quaeritur, cur Diomedem fortissimum dixerit, cum post Achillem et Aiacem ipse sit tertius, unde et Sallustius ait &quot;primum Graecorum Achillem&quot;. multi dicunt ideo fortissimum, quia iuxta Homerum et Venerem uulneravit et Martem. alii ad gentem referunt, quod Achilles Thessalus fuit, Aiax Graecus, Diomedes Danaus. multi ad excusationem Aeneae uolunt fortissimum dictum, a quo eum constat esse percussum, ut Iuvenalis &quot;uel quo Tydides percussit pondere coxam Aeneae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|97|[[Aeneis/Liber I#97|97.]]}} {{sc|'''tydide'''}} uocativus Graecus est; si enim latine diceret, o Tydida debuit ponere. omnia enim patronymica quae in ‘des’ exeunt apud Latinos primae sunt declinationis, ut &quot;saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector&quot;. Tydides Diomedes, Tydei et Deipyles, Adrasti filiae, filius, qui post captum Ilium ad Italiam venit, quod plenius in XI- libro habes. eo tempore statua cum in templo Apollinis Delphici staret, ui quadam divina ad Corcyram migravit et uisa est muros Corcyraeorum defendere: nam eius comminatione hostibus fugatis Corcyra bello exempta est. 

{{ancora+|98|[[Aeneis/Liber I#98|98.]]}} {{sc|'''non potvisse'''}}  quasi semper uoluerit. {{sc|'''animam hanc'''}} quasi cum dolore ‘animam hanc’, ac si diceret infelicem, quae ad laborem nata est. {{sc|'''effvndere'''}} secundum eos qui dicunt sanguinem esse animam, ut ipse alibi &quot;purpuream uomit ille animam&quot;. nam alio loco aliorum opinionem sequitur, qui dicunt spiritum esse animam, unde est &quot;atque in uentos uita recessit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|99|[[Aeneis/Liber I#99|99.]]}} {{sc|'''saevvs'''}} magnus, ut superius diximus. uel fortis, uel bellicosus, ut est &quot;et saevum Aenean agnovit Turnus in armis&quot;. uel aduersus hostes ‘saevus’, et est epitheton ad tempus; nam incongruum erat ab Aenea saevum Hectorem dici. aut ‘saevus’, quod aduersum Antenorem et Aeneam et Helenum sentiens Helenam non permiserit reddi. ⟨aut⟩ ideo ‘saevus’ Hector, quia Aeneas pius. quod autem ait ‘Aeacidae telo’ uult ostendere feliciorem Hectorem, cui contigerit ab Achille perire, quod ipse optaverit ei congressus, sicut in V. Neptunus Veneri loquitur. et bene elegit, cum quibus perisse debuerit; ipse enim et fortis est, et numinum proles: recte ergo his iungitur, in quibus talia fuerunt. 


{{ancora+|100|[[Aeneis/Liber I#100|100.]]}} {{sc|'''sarpedon'''}} et in ultima possumus accentum ponere et in paenultima: nam Homerus et ‘Sarpedonis’ declinavit et ‘Sarpedontis’, unde et uarius accentus est: ‘Sarpedonis’ enim antepaenultima habet accentum, ‘Sarpedontis’ paenultima. sed ‘Sarpedontis’ usurpavit; naturalis enim declinatio est ‘Sarpedon Sarpedonis’, ut ‘Memnon Memnonis, Sinon Sinonis’. si autem genetivum in ‘dontis’ miserit, a circumflexo venit, qui est in ultima syllaba nominativi, ut Demophon Demophontis, Laocon Laocontis. sic ergo et Sarpedon, Sarpedontis. est autem Sarpedon Iovis filius et Laodamiae, ut alio loco &quot;quin occidit una Sarpedon mea progenies&quot; occisus a Patroclo, Menoeti filio, armis Achillis induto. huius interitum Iuppiter prosecutus dicitur imbre sanguineo. {{sc|'''simois'''}} nomen hoc integrum ad nos transiit, unde suo est accentu proferendum. nam si esset latinum, in antepaenultima haberet accentum, quia secunda a fine brevis est. sane bene fecisse uidetur Simoentis mentionem, ut ibi uideatur pati se optavisse, ubi genitus est, ut alibi &quot;tune ille Aeneas, quem Dardanio Anchisae alma Venus Phrygii genuit Simoentis ad undam?&quot; {{sc|'''svb vndis'''}} et ‘sub undis’ legimus, et ‘sub undas’. sed si ‘sub undas’, ‘correpta’ intellege, si ‘sub undis’, ‘uoluit’; uaria ergo distinctio est. {{sc|'''correpta'''}} rapta. 

{{ancora+|101|[[Aeneis/Liber I#101|101.]]}} {{sc|'''fortia corpora'''}}  hoc est uirorum fortium corpora; nulla enim est in mortuis fortitudo. 

{{ancora+|102|[[Aeneis/Liber I#102|102.]]}} {{sc|'''talia iactanti'''}}  inaniter loquenti, ut alibi &quot;atque inrita iurgia iactat et uoces dum iactat inanes&quot;. {{sc|'''aqvilone'''}} ab Aquilone. ecce hic reddit uentum quem transierat, et a generali tempestate ad speciem transit. 

{{ancora+|103|[[Aeneis/Liber I#103|103.]]}} {{sc|'''adversa'''}} contraria, quia ad Italiam navigantibus Aquilo contrarius est. 

{{ancora+|104|[[Aeneis/Liber I#104|104.]]}} {{sc|'''frangvntvr remi'''}}  uel gubernacula, uel quod melius est re uera remi. antiqui enim uelis remisque navigabant, ut &quot;ualidis incumbere remis, obliquat sinus in uentos&quot;. et hoc de navi Aeneae, an de omnibus dixit? {{sc|'''tvm proram avertit'''}} alii ‘prora’ legi tradunt. {{sc|'''avertit'''}} pro ‘avertitur’. et est figura creberrima. potest namque pro activi uerbi significatione passivum poni, ut est &quot;et pictis bellantur Amazones armis&quot; pro bellant. nec nos debet movere quod bellor non facit, natura enim hoc prohibuit. nam conpone hoc uerbum, et invenitur activum, facit enim debello debellor. et contra pro passivi uerbi significatione activum ponitur, ut est hoc ‘avertit’ pro avertitur, et &quot;insinuat pavor&quot; pro insinuatur, et &quot;nox umida caelo praecipitat&quot; pro praecipitatur. sed haec uerba tantummodo pro se inuicem ponuntur, quae et activa esse possunt et passiva, ut est averto avertor, praecipito praecipitor. ergo non possumus dicere quod quidam artigraphus, declinationes activi uerbi et passivi pro se inuicem poni. nam et neutralis uerbi declinatio activa est et communis deponentisue passiva, et aliud est esse activum uerbum, aliud habere activi uerbi declinationem. 

{{ancora+|105|[[Aeneis/Liber I#105|105.]]}} {{sc|'''dat latvs'''}}  inclinatur. {{sc|'''cvmvlo'''}} altitudine. {{sc|'''cvmvlo'''}} exuberante fluctu, cum cumulo. {{sc|'''praervptvs'''}} in altum levatus. 

{{ancora+|106|[[Aeneis/Liber I#106|106.]]}} {{sc|'''hi'''}} pro illi uel alii, et bene dicticos. {{sc|'''his'''}} pro illis uel aliis. {{sc|'''dehiscens'''}} ualde hiscens. ‘de’ enim augentis est, ut in Terentio &quot;deamo te Syre&quot;. 

{{ancora+|107|[[Aeneis/Liber I#107|107.]]}} {{sc|'''aperit'''}} ostendit, ut Sallustius &quot;caput aperire solitus&quot;, id est nudare, ostendere. sic alibi &quot;uisa aperire procul montes&quot;. sane aliter hic ‘aperit’, aliter ‘ostium aperit’. {{sc|'''harenis'''}} et ab harenis et cum harenis, id est uel ab imo movebatur mare uel cum ipsis harenis, ut in tempestate solet. 

{{ancora+|108|[[Aeneis/Liber I#108|108.]]}} {{sc|'''tris'''}} Latinum est. genetivus enim pluralis quotiens in ‘ium’ exit, accusativum pluralem in ‘is’ mittit, ut ‘puppium puppis’; quotiens in ‘um’ exit, in ‘es’ mittit, ut ‘patrum patres’. {{sc|'''saxa latentia'''}} modo propter tempestatem, non ut quidam tradunt tranquillo mari; nam quemadmodum latent quae nomen habent? haec autem saxa inter Africam, Siciliam et Sardiniam et Italiam sunt, quae saxa ob hoc Itali aras uocant, quod ibi Afri et Romani foedus inierunt et fines imperii sui illic esse uoluerunt. unde et Dido &quot;litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas inprecor&quot;. quae arae a Sisenna &quot;propitiae&quot; uocantur. alii dicunt Graecos haec saxa g-bomous appellare. quidam insulam fuisse hunc locum tradunt, quae subito pessum ierit, cuius reliquias saxa haec exstare, in quibus aiunt Poenorum sacerdotes rem divinam facere solitos. has aras alii Neptunias uocant, sicut Claudius Quadrigarius I- annalium &quot;apud aras, quae uocabantur Neptuniae&quot;. Varro de ora maritima lib- I &quot;ut faciunt hi, qui ab Sardinia Siciliam aut contra petunt. nam si utramque ex conspectu amiserunt, sciunt periculose se navigare ac uerentur in pelago latentem insulam, quem locum uocant aras&quot;. {{sc|'''torqvet'''}} iacit, inmittit, ut &quot;torquet aquosam hiemem&quot;. alibi ‘torquet’ deflectit, ut &quot;torquet medios nox umida currus&quot;. alibi regit et frenat, ut &quot;cuncta tuo qui bella pater sub numine torques&quot;. alibi sustinet et fert &quot;axem umero torquet stellis fulgentibus aptum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|109|[[Aeneis/Liber I#109|109.]]}} {{sc|'''saxa vocant itali mediis qvae in flvctibvs aras'''}}  ordo est, quae saxa in mediis fluctibus Itali aras uocant. pro quibus hunc ordinem esse ait ‘tris Notus abreptas mediis fluctibus in saxa latentia torquet’. alii ‘mediis ⟨quae⟩ fluctibus aras’ legunt, ut sit ordo ‘saxa uocant Itali aras, quae mediis fluctibus’, ut desit ‘sunt’. Italos autem aliqui non qui in Italia nati sint, sed qui Latine loquantur accipiunt. 


{{ancora+|110|[[Aeneis/Liber I#110|110.]]}} {{sc|'''dorsvm inmane'''}}  eminens, altum, secundum Homerum. uel certe eminens planities aut superficies durior. aut sic ait hic poeta ‘dorsum’ de saxo, ut Homerus &quot;g-nohta g-thalassehs&quot;, sicut alibi ipse &quot;dorso dum pendet iniquo&quot;. quidam ‘inmane’ pro malo accipiunt positum propter naufragia, quae ibi solent fieri; nam ‘manum’ bonum dicunt, ergo quod bono contrarium inmane; non enim potest pro magno accipi, ⟨ut⟩ alibi &quot;posuitque inmania templa&quot;, quia non facile apparent haec saxa, nisi cum mare uentis movetur. ‘dorsum’ autem hoc loco non absurde ait, quia Graece arae ipsae g-hippou g-nohta dicuntur, ut Sinnius Capito tradidit, secundum Homerum. {{sc|'''mari svmmo'''}} uel in summo, uel in placido. 

{{ancora+|111|[[Aeneis/Liber I#111|111.]]}} {{sc|'''in brevia et syrtes'''}}  id est in brevia syrtium, quo modo &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. ‘brevia’ autem uadosa dicit, per quae possumus uadere. {{sc|'''et syrtes'''}} syrtium &quot;sinus duo sunt pares natura, inpares magnitudine&quot;, ut Sallustius dicit. 

{{ancora+|112|[[Aeneis/Liber I#112|112.]]}} {{sc|'''vadis'''}} uada g-ta g-brachea. Varro de ora maritima libro I &quot;si ab aqua summa non alte est terra dicitur uadus&quot;. et multi sic legunt ‘inliditque uadis atque aggere cingit harenae’. 

{{ancora+|113|[[Aeneis/Liber I#113|113.]]}} {{sc|'''lycios'''}} hi Troiae ad auxilium venerant, qui mortuo rege Pandaro Aeneam secuti sunt, unde et in secundo ait &quot;comitum adfluxisse novorum&quot;. {{sc|'''fidvm'''}} fidelem. utrumque nomen idem significat. quamuis quidam uelint fidum amicum, fidelem seruum dici. et sic pronuntiandum, ut dolorem adferat talis socii amissio. 

{{ancora+|114|[[Aeneis/Liber I#114|114.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsivs ante ocvlos'''}}  ad maiorem dolorem: unde alibi &quot;quaeque ipse miserrima uidi&quot;, item &quot;qui nati coram me cernere letum fecisti&quot;. {{sc|'''ingens pontvs'''}} magna pars ponti. et est tropus synecdoche. {{sc|'''a vertice'''}} aut a puppi, quae uertex navis est, aut ab Aquilone, qui flat a mundi uertice, hoc est a septentrione, ut ipse alibi &quot;hic uertex nobis semper sublimis&quot;. quidam ‘uerticem’ hic procellam accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|115|[[Aeneis/Liber I#115|115.]]}} {{sc|'''in pvppim'''}}  pro puppim: addidit praepositionem. {{sc|'''pronvs'''}} g-prehnehs. non nulli sane ‘pronum’ aduerbialiter legunt. {{sc|'''magister'''}} leucaspis, ut in sexto libro &quot;Leucaspim et Lyciae ductorem classis Orontem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|116|[[Aeneis/Liber I#116|116.]]}} {{sc|'''ter'''}} saepius, finitus numerus pro infinito. crebros enim fluctus facit Aquilo, ut Sallustius &quot;crebritate fluctuum ut Aquilone solet&quot;. uel certe quod Graeci g-trikumian appellant, ut Sallustius &quot;triplici fluctu&quot;. IBIDEM ‘ibidem’ et ‘ubinam’ multi dubitant ubi esse debeat accentus, quia ‘ibi’ et ‘ubi’ naturaliter breves sunt, sed ratione finalitatis plerumque producuntur in uersu, nescientes hanc esse rationem, quia pronuntiationis causa contra usum Latinum syllabis ultimis, quibus particulae adiunguntur, accentus tribuitur, ut ‘musaque’ ‘illene’ ‘huiusce’. sic ergo et ‘ibidem’. 

{{ancora+|117|[[Aeneis/Liber I#117|117.]]}} {{sc|'''torqvet agens circvm'''}}  in gyrum circumagit. {{sc|'''vertex'''}} uertex dicitur circumacta in se unda et quae quasi sorbere uideatur: quod de Charybdi legitur &quot;atque imo barathri ter gurgite uastos sorbet in abruptum fluctus&quot;, de qua ait Sallustius &quot;Charybdis, mare uerticosum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|118|[[Aeneis/Liber I#118|118.]]}} {{sc|'''apparent'''}} aliud est ‘parere’ et aliud ‘apparere’. ‘parere’ enim est oboedire, ut &quot;paret amor dictis&quot;, ‘apparere’ autem, uideri, ut &quot;apparet liquido sublimis in aere Nisus&quot;. et haec observatio diligenter custodiri debet, licet eam auctores metri causa plerumque corrumpant. {{sc|'''rari'''}} uel propter maris magnitudinem, uel quia una perierat navis. uel ‘rari’ de multis, ut ostendat statim alios plures periisse. et quomodo ‘apparent’, si ‘ponto nox incubat atra’? aut quia ‘crebris micat ignibus aether’, aut quia ante ipsius oculos hoc evenit. {{sc|'''nantes'''}} prima uerbi positio est ‘no nas nat’, unde est &quot;nare per aestatem liquidam&quot;. prima syllaba naturaliter longa est, licet ‘natare’ ‘na’ brevis sit in eadem significatione. {{sc|'''in gvrgite vasto'''}} tapinosis est, id est rei magnae humilis expositio. prudenter tamen Vergilius humilitatem sermonis epitheto sublevat, ut hoc loco ‘uasto’ addidit. item cum de equo loqueretur ait &quot;cavernas ingentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|119|[[Aeneis/Liber I#119|119.]]}} {{sc|'''arma virvm'''}}  bene addidit ‘uirum’, id est uirorum. arma enim dicuntur cunctarum artium instrumenta, ut &quot;Cerealiaque arma&quot;, item &quot;colligere arma iubet&quot; et alio loco &quot;dicendum et quae sint duris agrestibus arma&quot;. {{sc|'''troia'''}} differentia in hoc sermone est et in sensu et in syllabis. nam cum provinciam dicimus, nam Troia provincia, Ilium ipsa civitas, et principale est nomen, brevis est ‘Tro’. quando autem non est principale et derivatio est, longa est ‘Tro.’, ut &quot;Troius Aeneas&quot;. {{sc|'''gaza'''}} persicus sermo est et significat divitias, unde Gaza urbs in Palaestina dicitur, quod in ea Cambyses rex Persarum cum Aegyptiis bellum inferret divitias suas condidit. est autem generis feminini, ut &quot;et gaza laetus agresti&quot;. quo exemplo apparet quoque superfluo quaeri a multis, quemadmodum potuerit aurum natare, nescientibus gazas, id est opes, dici omne quod possidemus. aut certe hyperbole tempestatis, ut etiam ponderosa ferri potuerint. PER UNDAS ‘per’ quidam nolunt - - . 


{{ancora+|120|[[Aeneis/Liber I#120|120.]]}} {{sc|'''iam validam'''}}  zeugma est ab inferioribus ‘uicit hiems’. quod fit et a superioribus et a medio, plerumque et ad utrumque respondet, ut &quot;Troiugena, interpres divum, qui numina Phoebi, qui tripodas, Clarii laurus, qui sidera sentis et uolucrum linguas et praepetis omina pinnae&quot;. ecce hoc loco ‘sentis’ et ante dicta et sequentia concludit. {{sc|'''ilionei'''}} antiptosis est, pro genetivo enim dativum posuit; nam constat huiusmodi Graeca nomina dativum singularem in ei diphthongum mittere, ut Orphei; nam illa solutio est cum Orphei separatim dicimus: nec modo ‘Ilionei’ possumus dicere adstrictum esse genetivum, ut ipse sit qui et dativus. quod si forte contingat, non regula mutatur, sed antiptosis fit, qua plerumque utuntur poetae, ut &quot;urbem quam statuo uestra est&quot; pro urbs, item &quot;haeret pede pes&quot; pro pedi. 

{{ancora+|121|[[Aeneis/Liber I#121|121.]]}} {{sc|'''vectvs'''}} qua uehebatur significat. et pro praesenti participio, quod non habemus, praeteritum posuit. in Latino enim sermone a passivo uerbo praesens participium non est, neque ab activo praeteritum. sed quod uno sermone explicare non possumus aut circumlocutione ostendimus, aut si hoc nolumus, participium pro participio ponimus, sed usurpative, ut hoc loco factum est. {{sc|'''abas'''}} abantes aliquot tradunt: hic unus, Aeneae comes; alter quem in Troia Diomedes occidit; tertius est Argivus, cuius clipeum tertio libro Apollini consecrasse dicit Aeneam. 

{{ancora+|122|[[Aeneis/Liber I#122|122.]]}} {{sc|'''vicit hiems'''}}  ‘hiems’ duas res significat: aut tempus aut uim uenti, per quam oritur tempestas. ergo pro loco intellegendum est. Accius &quot;unde estis nautae huc hieme delati&quot;. sic et Varro. {{sc|'''laxis'''}} pro laxatis, nomen pro participio. 

{{ancora+|123|[[Aeneis/Liber I#123|123.]]}} {{sc|'''imbrem'''}} imber dicitur umor omnis, ut Lucretius ex &quot;igni terra atque anima nascuntur et imbri&quot;, id est umore. {{sc|'''imbrem'''}} ueteres enim omnem aquam imbrem dicebant. Ennius imbrem pro aqua marina &quot;ratibusque fremebat imber Neptuni&quot;. {{sc|'''fatiscvnt'''}} abundanter aperiuntur; ‘fatim’ enim abundanter dicimus, unde et adfatim, hiscere autem aperiri, uerbum frequentativum ab hiare. 

{{ancora+|125|[[Aeneis/Liber I#125|125.]]}} {{sc|'''emissam hiemem'''}}  hic apertius tempestatem declarat significari ex Graeco; nam et illi g-cheimona tempestatem dicunt. et bene ueteres nostri ‘hiemem anni’ dicebant, ne tempestas posset intellegi. {{sc|'''imis'''}} bene in imo uoluit esse Neptunum, ut iam factam cognosceret tempestatem, non incipientem uetaret. 

{{ancora+|126|[[Aeneis/Liber I#126|126.]]}} {{sc|'''stagna'''}} stagnum dicitur aqua stans, sed nunc profunda maris significat ab eo, quod non nisi nimia tempestate turbantur. ergo ‘stagna’ et ‘imis uadis refusa’ aliud pendet ex alio, quia inmobilis aqua in imo maris tantummodo est, quam tunc ab imo motu dicit esse turbatam. {{sc|'''graviter commotvs'''}} opportune Neptunum ait commotum cum maria turbantur, quia plerumque poetae Neptunum pro mari ponunt. {{sc|'''et alto prospiciens'''}} aut e mari erigens caput, aut mari providens. quidam ‘alto’ caelo accipiunt, quia ait ‘iam caelum terramque’. 

{{ancora+|127|[[Aeneis/Liber I#127|127.]]}} {{sc|'''placidvm capvt'''}}  quaerunt multi quemadmodum ‘placidum caput’, si ‘graviter commotus’? quasi non possit fieri, ut irascatur uentis, propitius sit Troianis. uno autem epitheto more suo habitum futurae orationis ostendit, ut alibi uno sermone ‘tum quassans caput’. {{sc|'''placidvmqve capvt'''}} epitheta alia naturalia sunt, alia ad tempus. et ‘placidum’ ut naturale Neptuni est, ita ‘graviter commotus’ ad tempus ob factam tempestatem. 

{{ancora+|128|[[Aeneis/Liber I#128|128.]]}} {{sc|'''disiectam aeneae t'''}} - V- A- C- hic ostendit Aeolum omnia Iunonis praecepta complesse. nam ‘submersasque obrue puppes’ in Orontis sociorumque eius interitu; ‘aut age diversas et dissice corpora ponto’ ‘disiectam Aeneae toto uidet aequore classem’. 

{{ancora+|129|[[Aeneis/Liber I#129|129.]]}} {{sc|'''caeliqve rvina'''}}  id est tonitribus, quorum sonus similis est ruinis. 


{{ancora+|130|[[Aeneis/Liber I#130|130.]]}} {{sc|'''nec latvere doli fratrem ivnonis et irae'''}}  aut doli Iunonis, aut fratrem Iunonis. gemina ergo distinctio est. {{sc|'''fratrem ivnonis'''}} quod et ipsa Saturni est filia. 

{{ancora+|131|[[Aeneis/Liber I#131|131.]]}} {{sc|'''evrvm ad se zephyrvmqve vocat'''}}  per hos omnes intellege; isti enim sunt cardinales. ‘ad se’ autem g-ehthikohs. cur tamen Zephyrus, qui ad Italiam ducit, quem poeta supra tacuit, nunc uocatur? ira in hoc Neptuni exprimitur, si etiam eum obiurgat, qui non adfuerit. 

{{ancora+|132|[[Aeneis/Liber I#132|132.]]}} {{sc|'''generis fidvcia vestri'''}}  Astraeus enim unus de Titanibus, qui contra deos arma sumpserunt, cum Aurora concubuit, unde nati sunt uenti secundum Hesiodum. et hoc loco fiduciam pro confidentia posuit, cum fiducia in bonis rebus sit, confidentia in malis. 

{{ancora+|133|[[Aeneis/Liber I#133|133.]]}} {{sc|'''iam caelvm terrasqve'''}}  aut ordo est ‘ausi estis sine meo numine tantas moles tollere et caelum terrasque turbare’? aut certe illud est, quod tria haec numina, licet divisa imperia teneant, uidentur tamen inuicem regni totius habere potestatem, sicut et ipsa elementa quae retinent physica inter se quadam ratione iunguntur. quod et ipsorum numinum sceptra significant. Iuppiter enim trifido utitur fulmine, Neptunus tridente, Pluto tricerbero. multi enim quaerunt, cur modo Neptunus de alienis conqueratur elementis. aut certe ‘terram’ pro mari posuit, ab eo quod continet id quod continetur, quia ipse dicitur g-Enosichthohn et g-Enosigaios, id est movens terram. et caelum pro aere; constat enim terram cum aqua in aere libratam. {{sc|'''meo sine nvmine'''}} hoc est ‘et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas’. {{sc|'''nvmine venti'''}} distingue ‘numine’, ut ‘uenti’ conuicium sit. 

{{ancora+|135|[[Aeneis/Liber I#135|135.]]}} {{sc|'''qvos ego'''}}  deficit hoc loco sermo; et congrue, quasi irati et turbatae mentis, ut alibi &quot;me me, adsum&quot;. similiter &quot;incipit effari, mediaque in uoce resistit&quot;. Terentius &quot;quem quidem ego si sensero, sed quid opus est uerbis?&quot; his enim adfectibus tantum sermonis defectio congruit. {{sc|'''qvos ego'''}} subauditur ‘ulciscar’. ergo g-aposiohpehsis est, hoc est, ut ad alium sensum transeat, ideo abruptum et pendentem reliquit. et necessarium post tale schema ‘sed’ coniunctionem sequi, ut &quot;quamquam o, sed&quot;. {{sc|'''sed motos praestat'''}} prudenter agit; plus est enim innocentibus succurrere, quam nocentium delicta punire. {{sc|'''praestat'''}} melius est, ut &quot;praestat Trinacrii metas lustrare Pachyni&quot;. et notandus sermo. nam et per se plenus est, et tam accusativo iungitur quam septimo. dicimus enim et ‘praestat illum’ et ‘praestat illo’. 

{{ancora+|136|[[Aeneis/Liber I#136|136.]]}} {{sc|'''post mihi non simili poena commissa lvetis'''}}  aut ‘non simili poena’, id est non ea qua Troianos adfecistis, aut certe ‘mihi non simili’, id est uehementer irato. POST MIHI N- S- P- C- L- pro ‘non inpune eritis posthac’; nunc enim nullam poenam sentiunt, nisi forte obiurgationis. ‘commissa’ autem hic pro peccatis. {{sc|'''lvetis'''}} persoluetis. et hic sermo a pecunia descendit; antiquorum enim omnes poenae pecuniariae fuerunt. 

{{ancora+|137|[[Aeneis/Liber I#137|137.]]}} {{sc|'''matvrate fvgam'''}}  cum maturitate, id est cum tranquillitate discedite, quo modo dicimus ‘matura iracundiam tuam’, id est mitiga; perniciosum enim Troianis est, si maturent fugam, hoc est accelerent. ergo ‘fugam’ hic tantum discessum accipiendum. 

{{ancora+|138|[[Aeneis/Liber I#138|138.]]}} {{sc|'''saevvmqve'''}} uel magnum et potentem, ut superius, uel uere saevum in uentos, quia minatur. {{sc|'''tridentem'''}} ideo tridens Neptuno adsignatur, quia mare a quibusdam dicitur tertia pars mundi, uel quia tria genera aquarum sunt, maris, fluminum, fluviorum, quibus omnibus Neptunum praeesse non nulli dicunt. 

{{ancora+|139|[[Aeneis/Liber I#139|139.]]}} {{sc|'''sorte'''}} ac si diceret potuisse se etiam caelum tenere, Aeolum uero beneficio etiam carceris regna meruisse, nec sine suo arbitrio posse quemquam in suo regno habere potestatem. SED MIHI SORTE DATUM ‘sorte’ ideo ait, quia Iuppiter et Neptunus et Dis pater, Saturni et Opis filii, cum de mundi possessione certamen inissent, placuit ut imperium sorte dividerent: ita effectum est, ut caelum Iuppiter, maria Neptunus, Dis pater inferos sortirentur. {{sc|'''inmania'''}} aspera; ‘manum’ enim antiqui bonum dicebant, sicut supra dictum est, unde et ‘mane’ dicitur; quid enim melius? et per antiphrasin ‘manes’ inferi, quia non sint boni. 


{{ancora+|140|[[Aeneis/Liber I#140|140.]]}} {{sc|'''vestras evre domos'''}}  irascentum est uti proprio nomine, ut Terentius &quot;ego te in pistrinum Dave dedam&quot;. aut quasi contra principem tempestatis irascitur, quem primum constat egressum, quia supra ‘una Eurusque Notusque ruunt’. quod autem dixit ‘saxa inmania, uestras domos’ de Pseudulo Plauti tractum est, ubi ait &quot;nisi forte carcerem aliquando effregistis uestram domum&quot;. et figurate ‘saxa, domos’; uario enim significatu idem ostenditur. {{sc|'''iactet'''}} pro glorietur, sicut in georgicis &quot;nullo tantum se Moesia cultu iactet&quot;. et hoc ex accidenti sumptum, quoniam quicumque sunt in aliqua re gloriosissima motu quodam et incessu corpus suum iactant. {{sc|'''avla'''}} inrisio est; sequitur enim ‘carcere’. et nihil tam contrarium si simpliciter intellegamus. 

{{ancora+|141|[[Aeneis/Liber I#141|141.]]}} {{sc|'''clavso'''}} quia dimittere uentos non ipsius est, sed iubentis. et hoc est &quot;foedere certo et dare iussus habenas&quot;. {{sc|'''ventorvm'''}} non otiose, sed per exprobrationem, poterat enim dicere ‘uestro’, sed ut supra &quot;meo sine numine uenti&quot;. {{sc|'''carcere regnet'''}} licet carcer sit, tamen regnum est Aeoli; haec enim pro adfectu possidentis intellegenda sunt, ut alibi cum de rure loqueretur &quot;post aliquot mea regna uidens mirabor aristas&quot;. et bene regnum Aeoli custodiam carceris dixit. 

{{ancora+|142|[[Aeneis/Liber I#142|142.]]}} {{sc|'''dicto citivs'''}}  non antequam diceret, dixit enim ‘haec ait’; sed citius, quam dici potest. {{sc|'''placat'''}} sub poetica licentia physicam quoque tangit rationem. mare enim dicitur esse Neptunus, quem superius dixit graviter commotum, quia tempestas erat. nunc ait ‘placat’, quia iam sedari coeperant maria. 

{{ancora+|143|[[Aeneis/Liber I#143|143.]]}} {{sc|'''collectas'''}} aut nunc collegit et fugavit, aut ante a uentis collectas fugavit, id est resoluit. {{sc|'''collectas'''}} colligere enim nubes dicitur caelum, ut &quot;aut si nox pluviam ne colligat ante ueremur&quot;. {{sc|'''solemqve redvcit'''}} per solem serenitas intellegenda, quia superius dixerat &quot;eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque&quot;. quis enim ignorat diem constare per solem? et consequens erat, ut fugatis nubibus sol rediret. 

{{ancora+|144|[[Aeneis/Liber I#144|144.]]}} {{sc|'''cymothoe'''}} nomina deorum plerumque de causis sunt ficta ab elementis, quae numina dici uoluere maiores, ut ‘Cymothoe’, id est cursus fluctuum, g-apo g-tou g-theein g-to g-kuma. {{sc|'''triton'''}} deus marinus, Neptuni et Salaciae filius, deae marinae ab aqua salsa dictae. {{sc|'''adnixvs'''}} antiquum est, ut ‘conixus’, quibus hodie non utimur; dicimus enim ‘adnisus’ et ‘conisus’. sed et multa alia usus contra antiquitatem uindicavit. illi enim ‘parsi’ dicebant, nos dicimus ‘peperci’. item nos dicimus ‘suscepi’, illi dicebant ‘succepi’, ut &quot;succepitque ignem foliis&quot;. {{sc|'''adnixvs'''}} zeugma est, ‘adnixi’ enim debuit dicere, ut paulo post &quot;haud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum, aut portum tenet&quot;. ergo ‘adnixus’ ad Tritonem tantum pertinet, quia Cymothoen iuvabat. quibusdam sane non uidetur zeugma, quia ‘adnixus’, non ‘conixus’. ordo tamen est ‘Cymothoe simul et Triton acuto detrudunt naves scopulo’, ab aris scilicet in quas &quot;tris Notus in s- l- t&quot;. 

{{ancora+|145|[[Aeneis/Liber I#145|145.]]}} {{sc|'''levat'''}} leves ac navigabiles facit, ut &quot;nostrumque leves quaecumque laborem&quot;. et scire debemus prudenter poetam pro causis uel tendere uel corripere orationem, ut hoc loco periclitantibus Troianis tota celeritate dicit esse subuentum. contra in quinto libro ubi nullum periculum est latius describit placantem maria Neptunum. item in secundo libro quoniam inminet periculum uno uersu ait &quot;quo res summa loco Panthu? quam prendimus arcem?&quot; {{sc|'''levat'''}} laxat, ut &quot;atque arta levari uincla iubet Priamus&quot;. {{sc|'''tridenti'''}} autem pro tridente, dativum pro ablativo. 

{{ancora+|146|[[Aeneis/Liber I#146|146.]]}} {{sc|'''aperit'''}} ideo quia harenarum congerie inpediente praeclusae ad navigandum erant. ergo inmisso in eas mari aptas ad navigandum facit. sic Sallustius &quot;sed ubi tempore anni mare classibus patefactum est&quot;. ceterum bis idem. {{sc|'''temperat'''}} tranquillum facit. 

{{ancora+|147|[[Aeneis/Liber I#147|147.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve rotis svmmas l'''}} - P- V- bene non moratur in descriptione currus, ut citius liberetur Aeneas. - -. {{sc|'''perlabitvr vndas'''}} figura est. quod enim nos modo dicimus per praepositionem nomini copulatam sequente uerbo, antiqui uerso ordine praepositionem detractam nomini iungebant uerbo, ita tamen ut esset una pars orationis, et faciebant honestam elocutionem. nos dicimus ‘per undas labitur’, illi dicebant ‘perlabitur undas’. item ‘per forum curro’ et ‘percurro forum’. notandum plane quod plerumque suum regit casum, plerumque ad ablativum transit. 

{{ancora+|148|[[Aeneis/Liber I#148|148.]]}} {{sc|'''ac velvti magno in popvlo'''}}  iste tempestati populi motum comparat, Tullius populo tempestatem: pro Milone &quot;equidem ceteras tempestates et procellas in illis dumtaxat fluctibus contionum&quot;. ita et Homerus seditioni tempestatem g-kinehtheh g-d’ g-agoreh g-hohs g-kumata g-makra g-thalassehs. ideo autem ‘magno’ addidit, quia ubi frequens est populus, ibi et crebra seditio. et quidam ‘populum’ totam civitatem, ‘uulgum’ uero plebem significari putant. {{sc|'''saepe'''}} autem ut fieri solet. 

{{ancora+|149|[[Aeneis/Liber I#149|149.]]}} {{sc|'''seditio'''}} ‘seditio’ est ⟨dissensio civium⟩, sicut Cicero ait in de re publica &quot;eaque dissensio civium, quod seorsum eunt alii ad alios, seditio dicitur&quot;. {{sc|'''animis ignobile'''}} id est stultum, ut contra nobilem animum prudentium dicimus. ideo etiam paulo post ait ‘arrectis auribus’; sumpsit enim translationem ab animalibus, quae utique stultiora sunt. {{sc|'''vvlgvs'''}} et masculini generis et neutri lectum est: generis neutri hoc loco, alibi masculini, ut in &quot;uulgum ambiguas&quot;. et hoc est artis ut masculino utamur, quia omnia Latina nomina in us exeuntia, si neutra fuerint, tertiae sunt declinationis, ut pecus pecoris: si autem secundae fuerint declinationis, masculina sunt; ‘uulgi’ autem facit, non ‘uulgeris’, ut docti, clari. usurpatum tamen est neutrum genus propter unum Graecum nomen, id est pelagus. cum enim pelagi faciat, neutri tamen est generis. 


{{ancora+|150|[[Aeneis/Liber I#150|150.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve faces et saxa volant'''}}  multi non ‘uolant’, sed ‘uolunt’ invenisse se dicunt. sed Cornutus &quot;uerendum&quot;, ait, &quot;ne praeposterum sit faces uelle, et sic saxa, cum alibi maturius et ex ordine dictum sit ‘arma uelit poscatque simul rapiatque inuentus&quot;’. {{sc|'''fvror arma ministrat'''}} sic alibi &quot;rimanti telum ira facit&quot;. sane summa uelocitate sensus explicitus. 

{{ancora+|151|[[Aeneis/Liber I#151|151.]]}} {{sc|'''gravem'''}} venerabilem, unde et contemptibiles ‘leves’ dicimus. et bene servat circa hunc rhetoricam definitionem, cui dat et iustitiam et peritiam dicendi, ut ‘tum pietate gravem’ et ‘ille regit dictis animos’. orator enim est uir bonus, dicendi peritus. {{sc|'''pietate gravem'''}} cuius illis auctoritas ob pietatem est gravis. 

{{ancora+|152|[[Aeneis/Liber I#152|152.]]}} {{sc|'''arrectis avribvs'''}}  translatio a mutis animalibus, quibus aures mobiles sunt. an aures pro audiendi sensu posuit, secutus Terentium qui ait &quot;arrige aures Pamphile&quot;? 

{{ancora+|155|[[Aeneis/Liber I#155|155.]]}} {{sc|'''genitor'''}} venerabilis, ut &quot;Thybri pater&quot;. ergo hoc nomen et ad uerum patrem pertinet et ad honorem refertur. sane ueteres omnes deos patres dicebant. {{sc|'''caeloqve invectvs aperto'''}} non per caelum uectus, sed caelo iam sereno uectus per maria. 

{{ancora+|156|[[Aeneis/Liber I#156|156.]]}} {{sc|'''flectit'''}} quidam ‘flectit’ pro regit accipiunt, ut interdum ‘torquet’ in eodem significatu ponit &quot;qui numine torques&quot;. {{sc|'''cvrrv'''}} non, ut quidam putant, pro ‘currui’ posuit, nec est apocope, sed ratio artis antiquae, quia omnis nominativus pluralis regit genetivum singularem et isosyllabus esse debet, ut hae musae huius musae, hi docti huius docti. item a genetivo singulari dativus regitur singularis, ut isosyllabus sit, ut huius docti huic docto. inde ergo est &quot;curruque abscisa duorum suspendit capita&quot; et &quot;libra die&quot;, ne, si ‘diei’ fecisset, maior esset nominativo plurali. {{sc|'''secvndo'''}} troianis obsequenti. et tractus est sermo a sequentibus seruis, id est pedisequis secundis: unde et secundam fortunam dicimus, quod secundum nos est, id est prope nos. 

{{ancora+|157|[[Aeneis/Liber I#157|157.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneadae'''}} nunc Troiani, aliquando Romani, ut &quot;Aeneadae in ferrum pro libertate ruebant&quot;. {{sc|'''proxima litora'''}} ideo quia post periculum non eligitur litus, sed quodcumque occurrit occupatur. {{sc|'''cvrsv'''}} aut secundum quod superius diximus ‘proxima cursu’, id est cursui, aut ‘contendunt cursu petere’, et est septimus casus. ut hic ‘cursu’ de navibus, ita alibi iter, ut &quot;unde iter Italiam&quot; et in quinto &quot;certus iter&quot;. stationes etiam navium dicebant, quod est animalibus terrestribus proprium. 

{{ancora+|158|[[Aeneis/Liber I#158|158.]]}} {{sc|'''vertvntvr'''}} scilicet a proposito itinere, hoc est ab Italia. 

{{ancora+|159|[[Aeneis/Liber I#159|159.]]}} {{sc|'''est in secessv'''}}  topothesia est, id est fictus secundum poeticam licentiam locus. ne autem uideatur penitus a ueritate discedere, Hispaniensis Carthaginis portum descripsit. ceterum hunc locum in Africa nusquam esse constat, nec incongrue propter nominis similitudinem posuit. nam topographia est rei uerae descriptio. {{sc|'''secessv'''}} sinu secreto. {{sc|'''locvs'''}} subaudis ‘quem’, ut superius &quot;urbs antiqua fuit&quot;. et sciendum est, quia, quotiens praemittimus nomen cuiuslibet generis et interposito pronomine proprium sequitur nomen alterius generis, medium illud pronomen proprii nominis genus sequitur, ut Sallustius &quot;est in carcere locus, quod Tullianum appellatur&quot;. ecce proprio iunxit, non appellativo; Tullianum enim proprium est, carcer appellativum. si autem utraque nomina appellativa fuerint, licenter cui uolumus respondemus. INSVLA PORTUM EFFICIT ‘quem locum’ subaudimus, uel ‘in quo insula portum efficit’; hoc enim solummodo portus, quod illi insula anteposita est. 


{{ancora+|161|[[Aeneis/Liber I#161|161.]]}} {{sc|'''inqve sinvs scindit sese vnda redvctos'''}}  dividit se unda in sinus reductos, id est replicabiles. {{sc|'''inqve sinvs'''}} antiqua est locutio. sic ipse alibi &quot;inque salutatam linquo&quot;. C- Memmius de triumpho Luculli Asiatico: &quot;inque luxuriosissimis Asiae oppidis consedissse&quot; et mox &quot;inque Gallograeciam redierunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|162|[[Aeneis/Liber I#162|162.]]}} {{sc|'''gemini'''}} pares, similes; interdum et duos significat. {{sc|'''minantvr'''}} eminent, ut &quot;minaeque murorum ingentes&quot;. item &quot;illa usque minatur&quot;. et ita est, ut quae eminent minari uideantur. 

{{ancora+|163|[[Aeneis/Liber I#163|163.]]}} {{sc|'''svb vertice'''}}  hoc est circa radices montis, quae ad rectam lineam suscipiunt cacumen, id est uerticem. 

{{ancora+|164|[[Aeneis/Liber I#164|164.]]}} {{sc|'''tvta'''}} a tempestate defensa, ideo et ‘silent’. {{sc|'''tvm'''}} pro praeterea. TUM SILVIS SCAENA CORVSCIS ‘siluis coruscis’ hoc est siluarum coruscarum, id est crispantium, ut Iuvenalis &quot;longa coruscat serraco veniente abies&quot;. et posuit septimum pro genetivo, ut superius &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. alii ‘coruscis’ tremulis uel uibrantibus accipiunt. {{sc|'''scaena'''}} inumbratio. et dicta scaena g-apo g-tehs g-skias. apud antiquos enim theatralis scaena parietem non habuit, sed de frondibus umbracula quaerebant. postea tabulata conponere coeperunt in modum parietis. scaena autem pars theatri aduersa spectantibus, in qua sunt regia. 

{{ancora+|165|[[Aeneis/Liber I#165|165.]]}} {{sc|'''desvper'''}} pro supra, praepositione contra rationem adiecta. {{sc|'''horrenti'''}} horror plerumque ad odium pertinet, plerumque ad venerationem, ut hoc loco. sic Lucanus &quot;arboribus suus horror inest&quot;. {{sc|'''atrvm nemvs'''}} tropus est; per atrum enim nigrum ostendit, per nigrum umbrosum, per umbrosum densum, id est frondibus plenum. 

{{ancora+|167|[[Aeneis/Liber I#167|167.]]}} {{sc|'''vivo'''}} naturali, ut &quot;uivo praeteruehor ostia saxo&quot;. 

{{ancora+|168|[[Aeneis/Liber I#168|168.]]}} {{sc|'''nympharvm domvs'''}}  aut uerum dicit et est historia, aut ad laudem pertinet loci: talis, inquit, locus est, ut domus credatur esse nympharum. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro ‘illic’ more suo. 

{{ancora+|169|[[Aeneis/Liber I#169|169.]]}} {{sc|'''anchora morsv'''}}  hoc nomen cum in Graeco, unde originem ducit, aspirationem non habeat, in Latino aspiratur: quod est contrarium; nam magis Graecorum est aspiratio. sed hoc in paucis nominibus invenitur. morsum autem de anchoris bene dixit, cum alio loco inveniamus &quot;tum dente tenaci anchora fundabat navis&quot;. 


{{ancora+|170|[[Aeneis/Liber I#170|170.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc septem aeneae c'''}} - N- quidam uolunt hoc loco quaestionem nasci. si favet Neptunus Troianis, cur cum omnibus navibus ad Africam non pervenit Aeneas? sed Neptunus postquam sensit tempestatem commotam, potuit de periculo liberare Troianos, ante facta uero mutare non potuit. nam et Orontis navem cum omnibus sociis eius constat perisse: et simul libri oeconomia perisset, si Aeneas cum omnibus navibus pervenisset. uolunt autem septem naves ita interim colligi, ut una Aeneae sit, tres de saxis a Cymothoe et Tritone, tres de syrtibus, Neptuno syrtes navigabiles faciente, liberatae sint, reliquae tantum dispersae sint, quas paulo post legimus ad Africae litus adpulsas. novam tamen rem Naevius bello Punico dicit, unam navem habuisse Aeneam, quam Mercurius fecerit. 

{{ancora+|171|[[Aeneis/Liber I#171|171.]]}} {{sc|'''tellvris amore'''}}  cuiuscumque post pericula. unde et superius dixit ‘quae proxima litora cursu contendunt’. et paulo post infert ‘optata potiuntur Troes harena’; nam re uera haec optata non erat eis, qui ad Italiam festinant. tellurem autem pro terra posuit, cum Tellurem deam dicamus, terram elementum; ut plerumque ponimus Vulcanum pro igni, Cererem pro frumento, Liberum pro uino. 

{{ancora+|172|[[Aeneis/Liber I#172|172.]]}} {{sc|'''harena'''}} quaeritur, habeat necne nomen hoc adspirationem. et Varro sic definit &quot;si ab ariditate dicitur non habet, si ab haerendo, ut in fabricis uidemus, habet&quot;. melior tamen est superior etymologia. et ‘harena’ aut pro terra posita est, aut et harena grata potuit esse post mare. 

{{ancora+|173|[[Aeneis/Liber I#173|173.]]}} {{sc|'''sale tabentis'''}}  aut madefactos aspargine, aut qui apud sentinam laboraverint; nam supra ait &quot;omnes accipiunt inimicum imbrem&quot;. sane marina aqua dicitur exesse et extenuare ut cetera sic corpus humanum. {{sc|'''in litore'''}} pro in litus, ut &quot;arma sub aduersa posuit radiantia quercu&quot; pro sub aduersam quercum. 

{{ancora+|174|[[Aeneis/Liber I#174|174.]]}} {{sc|'''silici scintillam excvdit'''}}  bene adiecit speciem, quia in lapidibus certis invenitur ignis. ‘excudit’ autem est feriendo eiecit, quia cudere est ferire; unde et incus dicitur, quod illic aliquid cudamus, id est feriamus. {{sc|'''achates'''}} adlusit ad nomen, nam achates lapidis species est: bene ergo ipsum dicit ignem excusisse. unde etiam Achaten eius comitem dixit. lectum est enim in naturali historia Plinii, quod si quis hunc lapidem in anulo habuerit, gratiosior est. 

{{ancora+|175|[[Aeneis/Liber I#175|175.]]}} {{sc|'''svccepit'''}} pro suscepit, ut diximus supra. 

{{ancora+|176|[[Aeneis/Liber I#176|176.]]}} {{sc|'''nvtrimenta'''}} Cicero in Oratore &quot;sed quod educata huius nutrimentis eloquentia ipsa se postea colorat&quot;. {{sc|'''rapvitqve in fomite flammam'''}} paene soloecophanes est; nam cum mutationem uerbum significet, ablativo usus est: sed hoc soluit aut antiqua circa communes praepositiones licentia, ut est &quot;conditus in nubem&quot;, contra &quot;et nota conduntur in aluo&quot;, item &quot;saeva sedens super arma&quot; et &quot;geminae super arbore sidunt&quot;. Cicero &quot;quod ille in capite ab hostium duce acceperat&quot;, item &quot;et si fortes fueritis in eo, quem nemo sit ausus defendere&quot;. aut ‘rapuit’ raptim fecit flammam in fomite, id est celeriter. et mire ‘rapuit’, opus est enim celeritate ad tale ministerium. sane fomites sunt assulae quae ab arboribus cadunt quando inciduntur, quod foveant ignem. Clodius Scriba commentariorum IIII. &quot;fomenta taleae excisae ex arboribus&quot;, item alio loco &quot;astulae ambustae, ligna cavata a fungis nomine excepto&quot;. 

{{ancora+|177|[[Aeneis/Liber I#177|177.]]}} {{sc|'''cererem'''}} metonymia pro frumento. {{sc|'''corrvptam vndis'''}} aqua emollitam. {{sc|'''cerealiaqve arma'''}} fugiens uilia ad generalitatem transiit propter carminis dignitatem et rem uilem auxit honestate sermonis, ut alibi, ne lucernam diceret, ait &quot;testa cum ardente uiderent scintillare oleum&quot;. et sciendum est iudice euphonia dici ‘Cerealia’ uel ‘Cerialia’, ‘Typhoea’ uel ‘Typhoia’, ‘Caesareanus’ uel ‘Caesarianus’. in his ergo licentia derivationis est. CEREALIAQUE ARMA ‘arma’ enim generaliter omnium rerum instrumenta dicuntur, ubi reponuntur armaria dicta sunt. Nigidius de hominum naturalibus IIII. &quot;omnis enim ars materia inuenta circa quam uersetur, ferramenta uasa instrumentum armamentaque primum comparat, per quae opera sua efficere possit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|178|[[Aeneis/Liber I#178|178.]]}} {{sc|'''fessi rervm'''}}  hoc est penuria fatigati, id est esurientes, quod fere laborem fames subsequitur. et fessus generale est; dicimus enim fessus animo, id est incertus consilii, ut &quot;ter fessus ualle resedit&quot;, et fessus corpore, quod magis est proprium, et fessus rerum a fortuna venientium, ut hoc loco. epitheta numquam uacant, sed aut ad augmentum, aut ad diminutionem, aut ad discretionem poni solent. {{sc|'''frvges'''}} generaliter omnes fruges dicuntur, et errant qui discernunt frumenta a frugibus. nam Cicero ait &quot;olei et frugum minutarum&quot;, cum de leguminibus diceret, ut ostenderet etiam frumenta fruges uocari. frugum autem nomen tractum est a frumine, id est eminente gutturis parte. {{sc|'''receptas'''}} liberatas ut &quot;medioque ex hoste recepit&quot;, id est liberavit. {{sc|'''receptas'''}} de periculo uel ex insperato saluas. 

{{ancora+|179|[[Aeneis/Liber I#179|179.]]}} {{sc|'''et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo'''}}  multi hysteroproteron putant, non respicientes superiora, quia dixit undis Cererem esse corruptam, quam necesse fuerat ante siccari. qui tamen etiam contra hoc illo se tuentur exemplo &quot;nunc torrete igni fruges, nunc frangite saxo&quot; et uolunt etiam hic hysteroproteron esse. quod falsum est; nam et hodie siccari ante fruges et sic frangi uidemus. et quia apud maiores nostros molarum usus non erat, frumenta torrebant et ea in pilas missa pinsebant, et hoc erat genus molendi. unde et pinsores dicti sunt, qui nunc pistores uocantur. pinsere autem dici Persius probat, ut &quot;a tergo quem nulla ciconia pinsit&quot;. quidam ne hysteroproteron sit, alios torrere, alios frangere accipiunt. Accius Troadibus &quot;nocturna saxo fruges franges torridas&quot;. sane his uersibus ‘tum Cererem corruptam undis’ et ‘torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo’ ius pontificum latenter attingit. flamines autem farinam fermentatam contingere non licebat. cum autem dicit ‘Cererem corruptam undis’ et ‘torrere p- f- et f- s-’, quid aliud ostendit, quam mox eos sine fermento panem coxisse, qui omnes fruges corruptas protulerunt? non autem exspectasse eos fermentum, docet illo uersu ‘tum uictu revocant uires’. 


{{ancora+|180|[[Aeneis/Liber I#180|180.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneas'''}} merita personarum uilibus officiis interesse non debent: quod bene servat ubique Vergilius, ut hoc loco, item in sexto cum diversis officiis Troianos diceret occupatos, ait &quot;at pius Aeneas arces quibus altus Apollo praesidet&quot;: nisi cum causa pietatis intervenit, ut ad sepeliendum socium Misenum de Aenea dixit &quot;paribusque accingitur armis&quot;. {{sc|'''scopvlvm'''}} id est speculam. et quando speculationem significamus, generis est feminini, ut &quot;specula Misenus ab alta&quot;. speculum autem, in quo nos intuemur, generis est neutri, ut Iuvenalis &quot;speculum civilis sarcina belli&quot;. 

{{ancora+|181|[[Aeneis/Liber I#181|181.]]}} {{sc|'''late petit'''}}  in quantum potest. {{sc|'''pelago'''}} in pelagus, ut &quot;inferretque deos Latio&quot;. {{sc|'''anthea si qvem'''}} aut ordo est ‘ascendit scopulum requisiturus Anthea Capyn Caicum, si quem uideat’. et usus est hoc genere elocutionis, quo et Terentius, qui dixit &quot;quod plerique omnes faciunt adulescentuli&quot;. atqui nihil tam contrarium; omnes enim generale est, plerique speciale: ordo ergo est, quod omnes faciunt adulescentuli, ut animum ad aliquod studium adiungant, plerique equos alere, plerique canes. aut certe ‘quem’ uacat, ut superius diximus istas frequenter uacare particulas, ut ipse Vergilius &quot;Rhebe diu, res si qua diu mortalibus ulla est&quot;. nemo enim dicit ‘si qua ulla’, sed ‘si ulla’: uacat ergo ‘qua’. item in Lucilio &quot;et quem Pamphilum quaeris&quot; ‘quem’ uacat, nam de uno loquebatur. ergo ‘si quem uideat’ pro ‘si uideat’ posuit, cui contrarium ponebant ueteres ‘nullum’, id est ‘si quem uidisti’ ‘nullum uidi’ pro ‘non uidi’. sane legitur et ‘si qua’, ut sit ‘si qua ratione’. 

{{ancora+|182|[[Aeneis/Liber I#182|182.]]}} {{sc|'''phrygias'''}} Troianas, Troia enim in Phrygia provincia est. et ueri simile est, Aeneam de omni ipsa provincia socios habere potuisse. in secundo enim ait &quot;undique convenere animis opibusque parati&quot;. dicta autem Phrygia ab Aesopi filia Phrygia. {{sc|'''biremis'''}} naves habentes remorum ordinem geminum, ut alibi &quot;triplici pubes quam Dardana uersu inpellunt&quot;. quidam tamen ‘biremes’ ad suum tempus uolunt dixisse Vergilium, negantes Troicis temporibus biremes fuisse. Varro enim ait post aliquot annos inuentas biremes. 

{{ancora+|183|[[Aeneis/Liber I#183|183.]]}} {{sc|'''in pvppibvs arma caici'''}}  quia navigantum militum est puppibus arma religare, ut alibi &quot;pacem orare manu, praefigere puppibus arma&quot;. fiebat hoc autem et signi gratia. aut ‘arma’ pro navalibus armamentis, ut &quot;colligere arma iubet&quot;, quia solent naves a uelificatione facile cognosci. 

{{ancora+|184|[[Aeneis/Liber I#184|184.]]}} {{sc|'''cervos'''}} cerui dicti sunt g-apo g-ton g-keraton, id est a cornibus. sciendum autem est etiam Latina nomina Graecam plerumque etymologiam recipere. sed cerui non sunt in provincia proconsulari, ad quam venit Aeneas. aut fictum ergo est secundum poeticum morem, aut ob hoc dictum, quia heroicis temporibus ubique omnia nascebantur per se, ut ipse &quot;omnis feret omnia tellus&quot;. aut possunt tunc fuisse, sed ut multis aliis locis uariae mutationes factae: licet quidam ceruos pro quacumque fera dictos accipiant, quia post ait ‘inplentur ueteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae’. nam male quidam eos de uicinis insulis transfretasse tradunt, et ideo ‘errantes’, quod in ignotis locis essent. 

{{ancora+|185|[[Aeneis/Liber I#185|185.]]}} {{sc|'''errantes'''}} pascentes, ut alibi &quot;mille meae Siculis errant in montibus agnae&quot;; re uera enim dum pascuntur, uagantur. et in septimo de ceruo &quot;errabat siluis&quot;. {{sc|'''tota'''}} inter ‘totum’ et ‘omne’ hoc interest, quod ‘totum’ dicimus unius corporis plenitudinem, ‘omne’ de universis dicimus, ut puta ‘totum auditorium habet scolasticos’, hoc est plenum est auditorium scolasticis; ‘omne auditorium habet scolasticos’, id est omnia auditoria. usurpant tamen poetae et ista confundunt, ut hoc loco ‘tota’ pro omnibus posuit, et contra pro tota ‘omnem’ posuit, ut est &quot;omnemque reverti per Troiam&quot;. Statius &quot;et totos in poenam ordire nepotes&quot;, id est omnes. plerique derivationem dicunt ab eo quod est ‘tot’ ‘totus’, ut ab eo quod est ‘quot’ ‘quotus’. sed illud notandum, quia in derivatione mutat plerumque naturam; nam cum ‘tot’ naturaliter brevis sit, ‘totus’ producitur, ‘quotus’ uero secundum originem suam brevis remanet. {{sc|'''armenta'''}} uidetur nove de ceruis dixisse, cum armenta proprie boum sint uel equorum uel ceterorum quibus in armis utimur. 

{{ancora+|186|[[Aeneis/Liber I#186|186.]]}} {{sc|'''agmen'''}} agmen proprie dicitur ordinata multitudo, ut est ambulantis exercitus; neque enim in uno loco stans agmen uocatur, aut si inuentum fuerit usurpatum est: unde bene adiecit ‘longum’, ut incedentum ostenderet significationem. 

{{ancora+|187|[[Aeneis/Liber I#187|187.]]}} {{sc|'''constitit'''}} ‘con’ secundum naturam brevis est semper, excepto quum s littera uel f sequitur; tunc enim tantum producitur, sicut ‘in’ syllaba, ut insula, infula. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro tunc, aut pro ibi. {{sc|'''celeres'''}} potest et pro celeriter accipi. 

{{ancora+|188|[[Aeneis/Liber I#188|188.]]}} {{sc|'''corripvit'''}} aut de pharetra corripuit, ut est &quot;corripit hic subita trepidus formidine ferrum&quot;, aut ab Achate, ut eum secutum esse per silentium intellegamus, ut illo loco &quot;ni iam praemissus Achates adforet&quot;, item &quot;nunc repeto, Anchises fatorum arcana reliquit&quot;. aut ‘corripuit’, ut ceruorum celeritatem praeciperet. {{sc|'''gerebat'''}} aut tunc, aut quae gerere consueverat. 

{{ancora+|190|[[Aeneis/Liber I#190|190.]]}} {{sc|'''cornibvs arboreis'''}}  aut subaudi ‘cum’, ut illo loco &quot;atque Ixionii uento rota constitit orbis&quot;, id est cum uento; aut certe secundum supra dictam figuram ‘cornibus arboreis’ pro cornuum arboreorum. melius tamen est ut ‘cum’ subaudias. {{sc|'''tvm vvlgvs'''}} bene ‘uulgus’ ductoribus interemptis. Ennius &quot;avium uulgus&quot; et alibi &quot;hastarum&quot;, id est multitudinem hastarum et avium. 


{{ancora+|191|[[Aeneis/Liber I#191|191.]]}} {{sc|'''miscet'''}} perturbat, circumagit, insequitur. {{sc|'''frondea'''}} pro frondosa posuit. plerumque enim dum uarietati declinationis student poetae mutant proprietatem; nam frondeum est totum de frondibus, ut torus, frondosus uero est lucus; licet enim abundet frondibus, non tamen est de frondibus totus: ut saxeus et saxosus. {{sc|'''tvrbam'''}} multitudinem. Cicero in Verrinis &quot;uidet in turba Verrem&quot;, Plautus in Amphitrione &quot;deinde utrique imperatores in medium exeunt extra turbam ordinum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|192|[[Aeneis/Liber I#192|192.]]}} {{sc|'''qvam septem'''}}  bene definit numerum; necessitatis enim est haec venatio, non uoluptatis, in qua plura requiruntur. nec enim conveniebat, sociis diversis modis laborantibus, uoluptati operam dare. {{sc|'''victor'''}} hoc loco propositi effector, ut est &quot;atque rotis insistere uictor&quot;. 

{{ancora+|193|[[Aeneis/Liber I#193|193.]]}} {{sc|'''fvndat hvmi'''}}  per humum. et est aduerbialiter positum, ut &quot;humi nitens&quot;, id est per humum. {{sc|'''cvm navibvs'''}} cacenphaton in sermone, quod fit si ‘cum’ particulam n littera sequatur. notandum sane est, quod non omnia persequitur, neque enim indicat, quo delati sunt cerui. 

{{ancora+|194|[[Aeneis/Liber I#194|194.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc'''}} pro inde uel post, abutitur enim aduerbiis more suo. {{sc|'''partitvr'''}} sallustius ait &quot;provincias inter se partiverant&quot;, nam et partio et partior dicimus: et est uerbum de his, quae cum utramque recipiant declinationem pro nostra uoluntate, activae tamen sunt significationis, ut punio punior, fabrico fabricor, lavo lavor. quamquam temptaverit Probus facere differentiam inter activam passivamque significationem, ut dicamus tondeo alterum tondeor ab altero; sed hoc in aliis uerbis dicere non possumus, ut fabrico fabricor, pasco pascor; nam legimus &quot;florem depasta salicti&quot; et &quot;pascuntur uero dumos&quot;. sunt autem alia uerba, quae activae significationis declinationisque sunt, ut caedo, sunt quae passivae, ut caedor. invenimus tamen, activam declinationem significationem habere passivam, ut uapulo, et contra declinationem passivam activam habere significationem, ut loquor. haec ergo caute ab illis segreganda sunt uerbis. 

{{ancora+|195|[[Aeneis/Liber I#195|195.]]}} {{sc|'''vina bonvs qvae deinde cadis onerarat acestes'''}}  ordo est ‘deinde uina partitur, quae Acestes dedit’. ‘bonus’ autem hic largus uel liberalis. sane etiam Aeneam bonum pro laude appellat, ut in quinto &quot;quos bonus Aeneas dictis solatur amicis&quot;. bonum etiam pro forti dicit Sallustius &quot;sane bonus ea tempestate contra pericula et ambitionem&quot;. item in Catilina &quot;sed libertatem, quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittit&quot;. de Acestis autem origine fabula in quinto libro est. {{sc|'''deinde'''}} una syllaba metri causa excluditur. 

{{ancora+|196|[[Aeneis/Liber I#196|196.]]}} {{sc|'''trinacrio'''}} Graecum est propter g-tria g-akra, id est promunturia, Lilybaeum, Pachynum, Pelorum. Latine autem Triquetra dicitur. sane Philostephanus peri ton neson sine r littera Trinaciam appellat &quot;g-hoti g-Trinakos g-autehs g-prohtos g-ebasileusen&quot;. {{sc|'''heros'''}} uir fortis, semideus, plus ab homine habens, ut ait Hesiodus. 

{{ancora+|197|[[Aeneis/Liber I#197|197.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis maerentia'''}}  bene ante epulas et hortatur socios et solatur. 

{{ancora+|198|[[Aeneis/Liber I#198|198.]]}} {{sc|'''o socii'''}}  ordo est ‘o socii, revocate animos’. bene autem socios dixit, ut se eis exaequaret. quidam socios proprie remiges accipiunt, sed illi socii navales appellantur. {{sc|'''ignari'''}} pro inmemores. et est acyrologia; ignarus enim est qui ignorat, inmemor qui oblitus est. {{sc|'''ante malorvm'''}} g-huphen est, id est antiquorum malorum, ut alibi &quot;caeli subterlabentia signa&quot;. et totus hic locus de Naevio belli Punici libro translatus est. 

{{ancora+|199|[[Aeneis/Liber I#199|199.]]}} {{sc|'''o passi graviora'''}}  arte magna utitur. uult enim eos meminisse gravissimorum, ut praesentia facilius tolerent. et bene graviora dicit esse transacta, ut de praesenti eos naufragio consoletur, et ut ostendat futura esse leviora. {{sc|'''his qvoqve'''}} scilicet sicut et gravioribus. 


{{ancora+|200|[[Aeneis/Liber I#200|200.]]}} {{sc|'''vos'''}} uos certe estis. {{sc|'''scyllaeam rabiem'''}} exempla pro negotiorum qualitate sumere debemus, ut hoc loco in marinis periculis ponit peractae tempestatis exempla. ‘rabiem’ autem secundum antiquos dictum non nulli adserunt; nam rabiam dici adfirmant. {{sc|'''penitvsqve sonantes'''}} id est ualde, et aut ‘ualde sonantes’ accessistis, aut ‘ualde accessistis’, id est iuxta. et bene ait ‘accessistis’; non enim passi sunt haec pericula, sed his fuere uicini. ‘accestis’ autem pro accessistis dictum per syncopen, quae fit, cum de media parte uerbi syllaba subducitur. 

{{ancora+|201|[[Aeneis/Liber I#201|201.]]}} {{sc|'''cyclopea saxa'''}}  aut quae Cyclops in Ulixen iecit, aut certe Siciliam dicit, quae plurimis locis saxosa promunturia habet, in qua Cyclopes habitaverunt, ut ipse &quot;centum alii curva haec habitant ad litora uulgo&quot;. possumus tamen et Aetnam accipere, quae propria Cyclopum fuit: nam et ipse in tertio ait &quot;nocte illa tecti siluis inmania monstra perferimus&quot;. quidam tamen haec saxa inter Catinam et Tauromenium in modum metarum situ naturali dicunt esse, quae Cyclopea appellantur, quorum medium et eminentissimum Galate dicitur. 

{{ancora+|202|[[Aeneis/Liber I#202|202.]]}} {{sc|'''revocate animos'''}}  quos remisistis resumite, hoc est animo praesenti estote. {{sc|'''maestvmqve timorem'''}} quod maestos et sollicitos faciat, ut ‘mors pallida’ et ‘tristis senectus’. 

{{ancora+|203|[[Aeneis/Liber I#203|203.]]}} {{sc|'''mittite'''}} pro omittite. et est tropus aphaeresis, quomodo temnere pro contemnere. {{sc|'''forsan'''}} forsan fortassis forsitan forte fors, ut &quot;fors et uota facit&quot; et &quot;forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras&quot;. sed omnia haec unum significant, sed uarie pro metri ratione ponuntur. dicitur tamen et ‘fortasse’, ut Terentius &quot;tu fortasse, quae hic facta sunt, nescis&quot;. {{sc|'''olim'''}} modo temporis futuri est. {{sc|'''meminisse'''}} memini et genetivum regit et accusativum; dicimus enim et memini malorum et memini mala: et iusta ratione; nam memoriae oblivio contraria est. et obliviscor similiter et genetivum regit et accusativum, ut &quot;obliviscere caedis atque incendiorum&quot; et &quot;obliviscor iniurias tuas Clodia&quot;. {sic Tullius Cicero.} {{sc|'''ivvabit'''}} futuri temporis est. huius autem uerbi praeteritum perfectum anomalum est. nam cum primae coniugationis uerba tempore perfecto aut in avi exeant, ut amavi, aut in ui solutam, ut tonui, hoc uerbum neque iuvavi facit neque iuvui, sed iuvi, ut Lucanus &quot;iuvit sumpta ducem, iuvit dimissa potestas&quot;. {{sc|'''ivvabit'''}} sicut nunc priorum meminisse iuvat. et multi ‘iuvabit’ non delectabit, sed usus erit tradunt. 

{{ancora+|204|[[Aeneis/Liber I#204|204.]]}} {{sc|'''per varios casvs'''}}  argumentum a conpensatione. et bene dicendo ‘casus’ et ‘discrimina’ praeterita attenuat; neque enim ait ‘pericula’. ‘rerum’ autem potest et saluo sensu omitti. {{sc|'''sedes qvietas'''}} non uacat quod adiecit ‘quietas’. habuit enim sedes et in Thracia, sed portentosas, et in Creta, sed pestilentes, et ideo non quietas. ‘fata’ autem quidam hic deorum responsa accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|206|[[Aeneis/Liber I#206|206.]]}} {{sc|'''illic fas regna resvergere troiae'''}}  figura etiam ante dicta, qua per contrarium aliquid intellegimus. dicendo enim ‘illic fas’ ostendit alibi nefas, ut occurreret cogitationi sociorum, ne fatigati tot malis quascumque requirerent sedes, quod etiam in quinto factum est navibus incensis. bene autem ‘regna Troiae’ dixit, non Troiam, quam amiserant. 

{{ancora+|207|[[Aeneis/Liber I#207|207.]]}} {{sc|'''dvrate'''}} duri estote ad sustinendos labores. sic Horatius &quot;uix durare possunt imperiosius aequor&quot;. VOSMET ‘met’ g-parelkon est. sciendum autem est, has particulas ‘met’ ‘piam’ ‘te’, ut egomet quispiam tute et similia ornatus causa poni. sunt autem aduerbia. quicquid enim ab illis septem recesserit partibus aduerbium sit necesse est. item quemadmodum probamus aduerbia esse, quia dicimus ‘docte facio’, ‘docte feci’, ‘docte fecisti’, et mutato uerbo remanet aduerbium: ergo si sic et in istis particulis invenimus, ut egomet uosmet, ut mutatis casibus uel personis eadem permaneant, aduerbia sine dubio sunt, nulla enim hoc alia pars orationis admittit. notandum sane quod hae particulae plerumque suam naturam habent, non syllabarum. nam cum ‘te’ et ‘met’ longae sint, ‘tutemet’ dactylus invenitur, nec possumus harum partium naturam discutere, quia sub regulis non sunt. 

{{ancora+|208|[[Aeneis/Liber I#208|208.]]}} {{sc|'''voce refert'''}}  pleonasmos est, qui fit quotiens adduntur superflua, ut alibi &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;. Terentius &quot;his oculis egomet uidi&quot;. {{sc|'''cvris'''}} cura dicta ab eo quod cor urat. denique paulo post ait ‘premit altum corde dolorem’. AEGER ‘aeger’ est et tristis et male ualens, aegrotus autem sive aegrotans tantummodo male ualens. 

{{ancora+|209|[[Aeneis/Liber I#209|209.]]}} {{sc|'''spem'''}} laetitiam, ut &quot;spem fronte serenat&quot;: et est crebra apud Vergilium figura, quae fit quotiens significatur ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, nam spem laetitia sequitur: spes uero in uultu non uidetur, sed laetitia. haec autem figura et uersa uice fit, ut intellegamus ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit, ut &quot;meritaeque expectent praemia palmae&quot; palmam pro uirtute posuit, quae praemium meretur et palmam. 


{{ancora+|210|[[Aeneis/Liber I#210|210.]]}} {{sc|'''praedae'''}} ad praedam, ut &quot;inferretque deos Latio&quot;. {{sc|'''accingvnt'''}} studiose parant, ut alibi &quot;accingunt operi&quot;; accinctos enim industrios dicimus, ut Horatius &quot;altius ac nos praecinctis unum&quot;, sicut econtra neclegentes discinctos uocamus, ut &quot;discinctos Mulciber Afros&quot;. {{sc|'''dapibvsqve fvtvris'''}} ambitiose dixit quod sunt cerui dapes futurae. 

{{ancora+|211|[[Aeneis/Liber I#211|211.]]}} {{sc|'''tergora'''}} tergus tergoris, unde et ‘tergora’, corium significat, tergum uero tergi, ut templum templi, dorsum significat, ut Sallustius &quot;scilicet quia tergis abstinetur&quot;. sed haec a ueteribus confundebantur, ut alibi &quot;taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo&quot;. item in nono &quot;ingerit hastas in tergus&quot;. quidam mox detracta coria pelles dici, subacta autem et iam medicata coria appellanda tradunt. VISCERA NUDANT ‘uiscera’ non tantum intestina dicimus, sed quicquid sub corio est, ut &quot;in Albano Latinis uisceratio dabatur&quot;, id est caro. est autem nominativus hoc uiscus huius uisceris, ut Lucretius &quot;uiscus gigni sanguenque creari&quot;. sanguen autem ideo dixit, quia sanguinis facit, ut carmen carminis; si enim sanguis diceret, par esset genetivus, ut anguis, pinguis. 

{{ancora+|212|[[Aeneis/Liber I#212|212.]]}} {{sc|'''pars et frvsta secant'''}}  figurate, ut &quot;pars grandia trudunt&quot;. {{sc|'''veribvs'''}} ecce nomen de his quae in numero singulari indeclinabilia sunt, ut ueru cornu genu. {{sc|'''trementia'''}} palpitantia adhuc. 

{{ancora+|213|[[Aeneis/Liber I#213|213.]]}} {{sc|'''litore'''}} pro in litore. {{sc|'''aena locant'''}} quibus utebantur non ad elixandas carnes, sed ad se lavandos. heroicis enim temporibus carne non uescebantur elixa. huic autem nomini maiores adspirationem dabant; nam ahena dicebant. sane aena absolute, sicut Graeci g-chalkea, ut &quot;costis undantis aeni&quot; et &quot;aena undantia flammis&quot;. quidam autem aenum speciem uasis non utique aenei tradunt, ut Nevius &quot;aeneus, plumbeus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|214|[[Aeneis/Liber I#214|214.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm'''}} id est uel postquam se laverunt, uel postquam sibi cibum paraverunt. {{sc|'''victv'''}} cibo, unde et conuictores dicimus, ut Horatius &quot;nunc quia sim tibi Maecenas conuictor&quot;; nam conuivae a conuivio dicuntur. {{sc|'''revocant vires'''}} bene cibo dixit uires reductas, quia supra dixerat ‘fessi rerum’, hoc est fame et labore fatigati. {{sc|'''fvsi'''}} polysemus sermo est. significat enim et discumbentes, ut hoc loco, et fugatos et occisos. sane iuxta temporis sui morem hoc loco discumbentes inducit, nam olim sedentes uesci consueverant, ut ipse meminit &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|215|[[Aeneis/Liber I#215|215.]]}} {{sc|'''inplentvr'''}} inpleor duos casus regit; dicimus enim et inpleor illius rei, ut Cicero &quot;squaloris plenus ac pulueris&quot; et inpleor illa re, ut Iuvenalis &quot;lectica Mathonis plena ipso&quot;. {{sc|'''ferinae'''}} feras dicimus aut quod omni corpore feruntur, aut quod naturali utuntur libertate et pro desiderio suo feruntur. sane ueteres prope omnes quadrupedes feras dicebant, ut &quot;inque feri curvam conpagibus aluum contorsit&quot; et &quot;armentalis equae mammis et lacte ferino&quot;. 

{{ancora+|216|[[Aeneis/Liber I#216|216.]]}} {{sc|'''postqvam exempta fames'''}}  caute in maestitia cibis famem exemptam dicit, id est fugatam, non affluentiam quaesitam. Homerus &quot;g-autar g-epei g-posios g-kai g-edehtuos g-ex g-eron g-hento&quot;. {{sc|'''mensaeqve remotae'''}} quia apud maiores ipsas apponebant mensas pro discis: unde est &quot;et mensae grata secundae&quot;. duas enim habebant mensas: unam carnis, alteram pomorum. sane aliquando inducit luxuriosas epulas &quot;postquam prima quies epulis mensaeque remotae&quot;. {{sc|'''amissos'''}} non re uera, sed ut illo tempore putabant. 

{{ancora+|218|[[Aeneis/Liber I#218|218.]]}} {{sc|'''spemqve metvmqve inter dvbii'''}}  spes bonorum, metus malorum; et ideo subiunxit ‘seu uivere credant, sive extrema pati’. et hoc loco ‘seu’ pro utrumne. et quidam commodius distingui putant ‘spemque metumque inter’ et sic subiungunt ‘dubii seu uivere credant sive extrema pati’. 

{{ancora+|219|[[Aeneis/Liber I#219|219.]]}} {{sc|'''exavdire vocatos'''}}  aut subaudimus ‘deos’ et quasi conquestio est, quod non flectantur precibus, aut certe hoc dicit, non solum perisse eos, sed nec sepulturam habere, ad quam uocentur. novimus enim quod mortuorum umbrae ad sepulcra uocabantur, ut est &quot;manesque uocabat Hectoreum ad tumulum&quot;. et est figura ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, quia post facta sepulcra manes uocantur, ut in tertio &quot;animamque sepulcro condimus et magna supremum uoce ciemus&quot;; post nomen enim defuncti uocatum tertio dicebatur uale uale uale. aut ideo non exaudire quia iam illi mortui sint, aut a praetereuntibus uocatos non exaudire, aut certe in ea parte sitos, ut nec uocati exaudiant, quia fuit et alius mos, ut eos qui in aliena terra perissent uocarent, ut est &quot;et magna manes ter uoce uocavi&quot;. 


{{ancora+|220|[[Aeneis/Liber I#220|220.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipve'''}} praeter omnes, quasi pius. {{sc|'''acris'''}} fortis, alias uelocis. quidam acrem in unamquamque rem uegetum ac nimium tradunt. {{sc|'''oronti'''}} pro Orontis, ut &quot;inmitis Achilli&quot;. uitavit homoio- teleuton. 

{{ancora+|221|[[Aeneis/Liber I#221|221.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc amyci'''}}  in quinto Gyae meminit; nam Amycus et Lycus cum Oronte uidentur perisse. {{sc|'''secvm'''}} propter socios, ut supra ‘spem uultu simulat’. 

{{ancora+|222|[[Aeneis/Liber I#222|222.]]}} {{sc|'''fortemqve gyan'''}}  ut merito requirantur et desiderentur. 

{{ancora+|223|[[Aeneis/Liber I#223|223.]]}} {{sc|'''finis'''}} uel fabularum uel diei. sequitur namque paulo post ‘Aeneas per noctem plurima uoluens’. et sciendum est Vergilium non semper dicere ortum uel occasum diei, sed aut intellectui relinquere, ut hoc loco, aut negotiis tempora significare. est autem poetica callopistia non omnia exprimere: unde ait Horatius in arte poetica &quot;nec uerbum uerbo curabis reddere fidus interpres&quot;; quamuis plerique de translatione Graecitatis hoc adserant dictum. Homerus sane ista contemnens tempora universa describit. {{sc|'''et iam finis erat'''}} uel epularum uel famis uel malorum, ex quo Iuppiter in caelo ita constitit, ut Libyam respiceret. {{sc|'''cvm ivppiter aethere svmmo despiciens'''}} oeconomiam istam secundum mathesin uidetur ordinasse Vergilius; nam Iove in altitudine sua posito cum Venere significatur quod per mulierem aliqua felicitas possit evenire. ergo quoniam Aeneas in partem regni admittetur a Didone per occasionem coniugii, idcirco haec poeta praemisit. sane et illud animaduertendum quod peritissime dixit tristiorem Venerem fuisse cum Iove, ex quo significat exitum uxoris infelicem futurum; nam se utique Dido interemit. quod autem Mercurium facit a Iove defluentem ad occasum descendere, id est ad ima terrarum, ostendit amicitias quidem fore, sed minime diuturno tempore permanere. illud etiam mathematici dicunt, Venere in Virgine posita misericordem feminam nasci: atque ideo Vergilius fingit in habitu uirginis venatricis Venerem occurrisse filio, quod et misericordem postea reginam probavit Aeneas et in venatione cum ea permixtus est. {{sc|'''aethere svmmo'''}} qui summus est; et proprium et perpetuum aetheri epitheton dedit, quia omnibus superior est: non ergo quasi elegerit Iuppiter locum qui superior est. 

{{ancora+|224|[[Aeneis/Liber I#224|224.]]}} {{sc|'''despiciens'''}} deorsum aspiciens, sicut ‘suspiciens’ sursum aspiciens. notandum sane, quia si dispiciens dixerimus, diligenter inquirens significamus, sicut deduco et diduco; nam deduco est prosequor, diduco uero divido. {{sc|'''velivolvm'''}} duas res significat, et quod uelis uolatur, ut hoc loco, et quod uelis uolat, ut Ennius &quot;naves uelivolas&quot;, qui et proprie dixit. et est ista reciproca translatio navium et avium. legimus enim &quot;et uelorum pandimus alas&quot; et contra de apibus &quot;nare per aestatem liquidam&quot;, cum natatus navium sit, alae uero avium. et sciendum est esse reciprocas translationes, esse et partis unius. {{sc|'''iacentes'''}} aut in longum expositas, aut proprium epitheton est terrarum; nam cum cetera elementa mobilia sint, sola terra stabilis est, unde et bruta dicitur. alibi &quot;tantum campi iacet&quot;. 

{{ancora+|225|[[Aeneis/Liber I#225|225.]]}} {{sc|'''latos popvlos'''}}  cum populos numero plurali dicimus urbes significamus, cum uero populum, unius multitudinem civitatis intellegimus. {{sc|'''sic'''}} id est sic, ut ista conspiceret. 

{{ancora+|226|[[Aeneis/Liber I#226|226.]]}} {{sc|'''et libyae defixit lvmina regnis'''}}  prooeconomia, id est dispositio carminis. uituperabile enim fuerat, si ex abrupto transitum faceret, quod in nono fecit: quae res tamen excusatur uno sermone &quot;atque ea diversa penitus dum parte geruntur&quot;, id est eodem tempore, quod solum est interpositum. nunc uero bene transiit, quia inducit Iovem et de rebus humanis cogitantem et Africam respicientem, ad quam venere Troiani. unde honestus color est, ut Venus adeat Iovem, timens ne Romana fata Carthagini concedat; felix enim eventus sequitur loca quae respexerit Iuppiter: unde in secundo ait &quot;aspice nos hoc tantum&quot; et alibi &quot;atque oculos Rutulorum reicit aruis&quot;, ubi erat futura uictoria. 

{{ancora+|227|[[Aeneis/Liber I#227|227.]]}} {{sc|'''tales'''}} de rebus humanis. {{sc|'''iactantem pectore cvras'''}} nunc secundum Stoicos loquitur, qui deos dicunt humana curare, interdum secundum Epicureos, poetica utens licentia. 

{{ancora+|228|[[Aeneis/Liber I#228|228.]]}} {{sc|'''tristior'''}} conparativum posuit pro positivo. quando enim tristis est Venus, ut nunc ‘tristior’ diceretur? sic Sallustius &quot;utque ipsum mare Ponticum dulcius quam cetera&quot;. an modo tristior, cum et ante propter Aeneam soleret tristis esse? an tristior pro laetitia Veneris? {{sc|'''ocvlos svffvsa nitentes'''}} nitidos oculos lacrimis perfusos habens. et est figura, quae fit quotiens participio praeteriti temporis a passivo iungimus casum accusativum, ut ‘deiectus animum’, ‘maesta uultum’. dicendo autem ‘nitentes’ expressit nimiam etiam in lacrimis pulchritudinem, sicut de Euryalo &quot;lacrimaeque decorae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|229|[[Aeneis/Liber I#229|229.]]}} {{sc|'''o qvi res hominvmqve devmqve'''}}  graviter coepit; non enim ait ‘o genitor’. et est tota orationis intentio, iniuste uexari a Iunone Troianos. 


{{ancora+|230|[[Aeneis/Liber I#230|230.]]}} {{sc|'''aeternis regis imperiis et fvlmine terres'''}}  haec commemoratio potentiae Iovis quasi ad inuidiam posita est, hoc est, qui omne potes contra te flecteris. {{sc|'''aeternis regis imperiis et fvlmine terres'''}} uolunt quidam superfluo ‘regis’ ad deos referri, ‘terres’ ad homines, nescientes quia maioris potestatis est idem posse circa deos, quod circa homines. ‘et fulmine terres’ non sine causa adiecit ‘terres’. est enim fulmen quod terreat; est quod adflet, ut &quot;fulminis adflavit uentis&quot;; est quod puniat, ut &quot;uel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras&quot;: peremptorii autem fulminis late patet significatio: est quod praesaget, ut &quot;de caelo tactas memini praedicere quercus&quot;. poetarum autem consuetudo est prope semper cum Iovem nominaverint et fulmen adiungere, ut &quot;audiat haec genitor qui foedera fulmine sancit&quot; et ante &quot;genitor cum fulmina torques&quot;. 

{{ancora+|231|[[Aeneis/Liber I#231|231.]]}} {{sc|'''mevs'''}} subaudis filius, ut Aiacis Oili, ut ante diximus. {{sc|'''mevs'''}} id est quasi per me tibi coniunctus. {{sc|'''in te'''}} modo ‘contra te’, alibi ‘pro’ significat, ut &quot;quietum accipit in Teucros animum&quot;, id est pro Teucris. 

{{ancora+|232|[[Aeneis/Liber I#232|232.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid troes potvere'''}} ? hoc est, qui Grais pares non fuerunt, in te aliquid possunt? et est argumentum ab inpossibili, ut alibi &quot;non ea uis animo&quot;. et est ualidius, quam a uoluntate; plus enim est non posse, quam nolle. {{sc|'''troes'''}} erit nominativus Tros. et haec breviter scienda regula est, quia omnia nomina monosyllaba Graeca, quae in Latinum sermonem transeunt, tertiae sunt tantum declinationis et tam Latine quam Graece declinari possunt, ut Tros Trois et Troos, Pan Panis et Panos, ut &quot;Arcadici dictum Panos de more Lycaei&quot;. 

{{ancora+|233|[[Aeneis/Liber I#233|233.]]}} {{sc|'''ob italiam'''}}  ne ad Italiam perveniant, toto orbe pelluntur. atqui in Africa sunt. sed si diligenter requiras, etiam inde pelluntur; ait namque &quot;hospitio prohibemur harenae&quot;. {{sc|'''ob italiam'''}} multi ‘iuxta Italiam’ antiquo more dictum accipiunt, ut sit, pars orbis clauditur quae circa Italiam est; ‘ob’ enim ueteres pro ‘iuxta’ ponebant. Plautus in milite &quot;nunc scio mihi ob oculos caliginem obstitisse&quot;. potest tamen ‘ob’ et ‘ante’ intellegi, aut ‘ob’ ‘propter’, Terentius &quot;quodnam ob factum&quot;; aut ‘ob’ ‘circum’, ut &quot;Turni se pestis ob ora&quot;, quasi circa Italiam errent et in eam pervenire non possint. significat ‘ob’ et ‘contra’, ut obstat et obloquitur. 

{{ancora+|234|[[Aeneis/Liber I#234|234.]]}} {{sc|'''certe hinc romanos'''}}  atqui nusquam hoc legimus, sed per silentium intellegimus, ut superius de Iunone &quot;audierat&quot;. {{sc|'''olim'''}} aut ‘olim fore’ et futuri temporis est, aut ‘olim pollicitus’. {{sc|'''volventibvs'''}} uolubilibus, et est participium pro nomine. uoluens enim est qui uoluit, uolubilis qui uoluitur. anni autem uoluuntur, non uoluunt, ut est &quot;atque in se sua per uestigia uoluitur annus&quot;. alii quia deficit lingua Latina participio praesenti passivo praesens activum positum uolunt, ut &quot;uoluentia plaustra&quot; et &quot;siliqua quassante&quot; quae quassetur. 

{{ancora+|235|[[Aeneis/Liber I#235|235.]]}} {{sc|'''fore'''}} futuros esse. et est de uerbis defectivis. {{sc|'''revocato'''}} dicendo ‘revocato’ ostendit Italiam, unde Dardanus fuerat. {{sc|'''a sangvine tevcri'''}} teucrum pro Dardano posuit: Dardanus enim de Italia profectus est, Teucer de Creta: quia solent poetae nomina de uicinis provinciis uel personis usurpare, ut &quot;domitus Pollucis habenis Cyllarus&quot;, cum Castor equorum domitor fuerit; item et &quot;manibus Procne pectus signata cruentum&quot; pro Philomela; item Didonem Sidoniam dicit, cum sit Tyria, a loci uicinitate; item &quot;quid loquar aut Scyllam Nisi?&quot; cum Phorci fuerit. et sciendum est, inter fabulam et argumentum, hoc est historiam, hoc interesse, quod fabula est dicta res contra naturam, sive facta sive non facta, ut de Pasiphae, historia est quicquid secundum naturam dicitur, sive factum sive non factum, ut de Phaedra. 

{{ancora+|236|[[Aeneis/Liber I#236|236.]]}} {{sc|'''omni dicione'''}}  melius ‘omni’ quam ‘omnis’, ut significet ‘omni potestate’, id est pace, legibus, bello. 

{{ancora+|237|[[Aeneis/Liber I#237|237.]]}} {{sc|'''pollicitvs'''}} pollicemur sponte, rogati promittimus. QUAE TE GENITOR SENTENTIA VERTIT? ‘quae’ pro cuius aut qualis. et uerecunde agit Venus; nec enim conveniebat, ut aperte contra uxorem ageret apud maritum: unde et similiter respondet Iuppiter ‘neque me sententia uertit’. 

{{ancora+|238|[[Aeneis/Liber I#238|238.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc'''}} hac re. {{sc|'''hoc'''}} propter hoc quod sciret Aeneae socios imperaturos. 

{{ancora+|239|[[Aeneis/Liber I#239|239.]]}} {{sc|'''fatis contraria fata'''}}  utrum fatis bonis in praesentibus? {{sc|'''rependens'''}} conpensans. et est translatio a pecunia. 


{{ancora+|240|[[Aeneis/Liber I#240|240.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc eadem'''}}  similis qualis ab initio fuit, ut ostendat nec longitudinem temporis prodesse Troianis. 

{{ancora+|241|[[Aeneis/Liber I#241|241.]]}} {{sc|'''finem'''}} ac si diceret, non regnum requirimus, sed finem laborum. 

{{ancora+|242|[[Aeneis/Liber I#242|242.]]}} {{sc|'''antenor potvit'''}}  capto Ilio Menelaus memor se et Ulixen beneficio Antenoris servatos, cum repetentes Helenam ab eo essent suscepti ac paene a Paride aliisque iuvenibus interempti essent, parem gratiam reddens inuiolatum dimisit. qui cum uxore Theano et filiis Helicaone et Polydamante ceterisque sociis in Illyricum pervenit, et bello exceptus ab Euganeis et rege Veleso uictor urbem Patavium condidit; id enim responsi acceperat eo loco condere civitatem quo sagittis avem petisset; ideo ex avis petitae auspicio Patavium nominatum, cui aeternitatem - - Helicaon ne uictor rediret gladio peremit. {{sc|'''antenor potvit'''}} non sine causa Antenoris posuit exemplum, cum multi evaserint Troianorum periculum, ut Capys qui Campaniam tenuit, ut Helenus qui Macedoniam, ut alii qui Sardiniam secundum Sallustium; sed propter hoc, ne forte illud occurreret, iure hunc uexari tamquam proditorem patriae. elegit ergo similem personam; hi enim duo Troiam prodidisse dicuntur secundum Livium, quod et Vergilius per transitum tangit, ubi ait &quot;se quoque principibus permixtum agnovit Achivis&quot;, et excusat Horatius dicens &quot;ardentem sine fraude Troiam&quot;, hoc est sine proditione: quae quidem excusatio non uacat; nemo enim excusat nisi rem plenam suspicionis. Sisenna tamen dicit solum Antenorem prodidisse. quem si uelimus sequi augemus exemplum: si regnat proditor, cur pius uagatur? ob hoc autem creditur Graecis Antenor patriam prodidisse, quia sicut superius dictum est, et auctor reddendae Helenae fuit et legatos qui propter Helenam venerant suscepit hospitio, et Ulixen in mendici habitu agnitum non prodidit. {{sc|'''potvit'''}} plus est quod dixit ‘potuit’ non meruit. {{sc|'''elapsvs'''}} inuidiose noluit dicere ‘dimissus’, sed ‘elapsus’. {{sc|'''achivis'''}} ab Achaeo, Iovis et Pithiae filio, dicti. 

{{ancora+|243|[[Aeneis/Liber I#243|243.]]}} {{sc|'''illyricos penetrare sinvs'''}}  Antenor non Illyricum, non Liburniam, sed Venetiam tenuit. ideo autem Vergilius dicit ‘Illyricos sinus’, quod inde venit quidam Henetus rex, qui Venetiam tenuit, a cuius nomine Henetiam dictam posteri Venetiam nominaverunt. {{sc|'''tvtvs'''}} ideo tutus, quia Raeti Vindelici ipsi sunt Liburni, saevissimi admodum populi, contra quos missus est Drusus. hi autem ab Amazonibus originem ducunt, ut etiam Horatius dicit &quot;quibus mos unde deductus per omne tempus Amazonia securi dextras obarmet, quaerere distuli&quot;. hoc ergo nunc ad augmentum pertinet, quod tutus est etiam inter saevos populos. 

{{ancora+|244|[[Aeneis/Liber I#244|244.]]}} {{sc|'''fontem timavi'''}}  amant poetae rem unius sermonis circumlocutionibus dicere, ut pro Troia dicant ‘urbem Troianam’, pro Buthrotio ‘arcem Buthroti’. sic et modo pro Timavo ait ‘fontem Timavi’, et paulo post ‘urbem Patavi’, id est Patavium. {{sc|'''svperare'''}} nauticus sermo est. Lucilius &quot;promontorium remis superamus Minervae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|245|[[Aeneis/Liber I#245|245.]]}} {{sc|'''vnde per ora novem'''}}  multi septem esse dicunt. quod si incerta fides est, finitus est numerus pro infinito. {{sc|'''cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} tanta ui exit in mare, ut etiam resonet uicinus mons. et sic dictum est, sicut superius &quot;illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis circum claustra fremunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|246|[[Aeneis/Liber I#246|246.]]}} {{sc|'''mare'''}} it quasi proruptum mare. {{sc|'''mare'''}} amat poeta rem historiae carmini suo coniungere. Varro enim dicit hunc fluvium ab incolis mare nominari. {{sc|'''prorvptvm'''}} id est effusum fluens. et melius ‘proruptum’, quam ‘praeruptum’ legere. bene autem definit, quid est largus fons? solutum mare. {{sc|'''pelago'''}} aquarum abundantia. {{sc|'''premit'''}} populatur, uastat. sane multi ‘it mare proruptum’ et ‘pelago premit arva sonanti’ hoc intellegi uolunt, quod tanta est in illis locis accessa quae dicitur maris, ut per ora Timavi, id est usque ad initium fontis mare ascendat. unde ait ‘it mare proruptum et pelago p- a-’, id est ⟨ut⟩ aqua maris premat arva, hoc est litora uicina cooperiat. constat autem et in illo loco accessam maris usque ad montem pervenire et per omne litus Venetiarum mare certis horis et accedere per infinitum et recedere. Timavus autem in Histria est inter Aquileiam et Tergestum. 

{{ancora+|247|[[Aeneis/Liber I#247|247.]]}} {{sc|'''hic tamen'''}}  hoc est etiam in loco difficili. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro illic. {{sc|'''vrbem patavi'''}} hoc est Patavium. Patavium autem dictum uel a Padi uicinitate, quasi Padavium, uel g-apo g-tou g-petasthai, quod captato augurio dicitur condita, uel quod avem telo petisse dicitur et eo loco condidisse civitatem. alii a palude Patina, quae uicina civitati fuisse dicitur, Patavium dictam putant. sane ‘Patavi’ minorem nominativo genetivum fecit, cum genetivus numquam pauciores syllabas nominativo suo habere debeat; Patavium enim Patavii facit. {{sc|'''sedesqve locavit'''}} ex uotis suis facit inuidiam, dicens id concessum Antenori, quod ipsa desiderat. 

{{ancora+|248|[[Aeneis/Liber I#248|248.]]}} {{sc|'''et genti nomen dedit'''}}  hoc est, quod ne uictori quidem concedetur Aeneae: quod scimus a Iunone esse perfectum, contra quam oblique loquitur propter considerationem mariti. hi autem primis temporibus ab Antenore dicti sunt Antenoridae. ipsum uero quidam dicunt haec ora se appellasse. aut certe ‘nomen’ nobilitatem uel dignitatem, ut &quot;et nos aliquod nomenque decusque gessimus&quot;. {{sc|'''armaqve fixit troia'''}} hoc est, securus est, quia solent missi militia sive gladiatura quibuslibet templis arma suspendere, ut Horatius &quot;Veianius armis Herculis ad postem fixis&quot; et &quot;Danais de poste refixum&quot;. {{sc|'''armaqve fixit'''}} quasi non necessaria consecravit; figere enim consecrare hic debemus accipere, ut &quot;postibus aduersis figo&quot;. 

{{ancora+|249|[[Aeneis/Liber I#249|249.]]}} {{sc|'''compostvs'''}} pro compositus. syncope est; detraxit enim de medio syllabam, ut &quot;et pocula porgite dextris&quot; 


{{ancora+|250|[[Aeneis/Liber I#250|250.]]}} {{sc|'''nos tva progenies'''}}  sic loquitur quasi una sit de Troianis; nam aliter sensus non procedit. quod autem dixit ‘tua progenies’, epexegesis est, ut &quot;ast ego quae divum incedo regina&quot;. {{sc|'''nos tva progenies'''}} quasi patiatur et ipsa quod et filius. et bene ‘tua progenies’ propter Antenorem. {{sc|'''adnvis'''}} quia nutu semper promittit aliquid Iuppiter, ut &quot;annuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum&quot;. {{sc|'''annvis'''}} licet ipsa dea sit, tamen sub persona Aeneae se posuit. 

{{ancora+|251|[[Aeneis/Liber I#251|251.]]}} {{sc|'''navibvs amissis'''}}  cur, cum una navis perierit, ait ‘navibus’? aut inuidiose dixit et exaggerat, aut quia adhuc aliae desunt, aut quia eas non perisse ignorat Aeneas. {{sc|'''infandvm'''}} pro infande posuit, ut in VI- &quot;miserum septena quotannis&quot;. item &quot;toruumque repente clamat&quot; pro torue. et est figura, quae fit quotiens nomen pro aduerbio ponitur; magis autem poetica est, in prosa aut rara aut numquam. tamen hoc loco ‘infandum’ potest esse etiam interiectio dolentis. {{sc|'''vnivs'''}} hic produxit paenultimam. {{sc|'''vnivs'''}} cautius, quam si dixisset Iunonis. 

{{ancora+|252|[[Aeneis/Liber I#252|252.]]}} {{sc|'''prodimvr'''}} multa quidem hic sermo significat, sed modo porro damur, scilicet ab Italia. et sciendum est omnium auctorum esse consuetudinem res dubie positas in sequentibus explanare et plenius dicere, ut hoc loco; nam quid est ‘prodimur’, ostendit dicens ‘atque Italis longe disiungimur oris’. {{sc|'''longe'''}} maxime; non enim longe erant ab Italia, cum tempestate disiecti sunt. 

{{ancora+|253|[[Aeneis/Liber I#253|253.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} id est talis, ut &quot;hunc ego te Euryale aspicio&quot;, id est talem. {{sc|'''pietatis'''}} superius ‘in te committere’ ait, ut peccato Aeneam et Troianos excuset; hic plus addit: non solum eos non esse malos, sed etiam pios esse. {{sc|'''honos'''}} cum secundum artem dicamus honor arbor lepor, plerumque poetae r in s mutant causa metri; os enim longa est, or brevis. hoc quidem habet ratio: sed ecce in hoc loco etiam sine metri necessitate ‘honos’ dixit. item Sallustius paene ubique ‘labos’ posuit, quem nulla necessitas coegit. melius tamen est seruire regulae. SIC NOS IN SCEPTRA REPONIS ‘sic’, hoc est per naufragia. ‘in sceptra’ aut ad imperia reservas, aut certe antiqua est licentia communium praepositionum. {{sc|'''in sceptra reponis'''}} id est restituis in regna quae amisimus. 

{{ancora+|254|[[Aeneis/Liber I#254|254.]]}} {{sc|'''olli'''}} modo ‘tunc’ propter sequentia. pronomen enim non debet poni cum nomine, sed pro ipso nomine, et nullus dicit ‘illi natae’. alias tamen ‘olli’ illi significat, ut &quot;olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget somnus&quot;. {{sc|'''svbridens'''}} laetum ostendit Iovem et talem qualis esse solet cum facit serenum; poetarum enim est elementorum habitum dare numinibus, ut supra de Neptuno dictum est. Ennius &quot;Iuppiter hic risit tempestatesque serenae riserunt omnes risu Iovis omnipotentis&quot;. aut certe risit intellegens Iunonis dolos oblique accusari a Venere, ut est ‘quae te, genitor, sententia uertit’ et ‘unius ob iram prodimur’, sicut alibi &quot;atque dolis risit Cytherea repertis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|255|[[Aeneis/Liber I#255|255.]]}} {{sc|'''vvltv qvo caelvm'''}}  ostendit sicut dictum est, cur subriserit Iuppiter. {{sc|'''serenat'''}} hoc uerbum de his est, quae carent prima positione: quod fit in his quae in nostra non sunt potestate, ut tono, fulmino, pluo. haec enim non possumus dicere, nisi forte persona inducatur eius qui potest, ut si tale aliquid Iuppiter dicat. 

{{ancora+|256|[[Aeneis/Liber I#256|256.]]}} {{sc|'''oscvla libavit'''}}  leviter tetigit. et sciendum osculum religionis esse, savium uoluptatis, quamuis quidam osculum filiis dari, uxori basium, scorto savium dicant. sane multi nolunt ita intellegi, ut summum osculum filiae dederit, id est non pressum, sed summa labella contingens, sed ita aiunt: tum hilarus Iuppiter uultus natae libavit, id est contigit, scilicet ut nos solemus cum blandimentis quibusdam sinistram maxillam contingere liberorum ac deinde ad os nostrum dextram referre. ergo ‘libavit’ merito, quia partem uultus, non totos contigerat, ut ‘oscula’ dixerit quasi minora et teneriora filiae ora, ut ora diminutive oscula; nam ora uultus dici, ut &quot;intentique ora tenebant&quot; et &quot;sic ora ferebat&quot;. ipse diminutive oscula dixit minores et teneros uultus &quot;summaque per galeam delibans oscula fatur&quot;. 

{{ancora+|257|[[Aeneis/Liber I#257|257.]]}} {{sc|'''parce metv'''}}  quotiens in causis arguimur, ante nos purgare debemus et sic ad actionem descendere: quod et hoc loco Iuppiter facit; ante enim obiecta purgat et sic venit ad promissionem. et est ‘parce metu’ elocutio usualis, id est dimitte metum, quomodo dicimus parce uerbis, parce iniuriis. alii ‘metu’ pro metui accipiunt, ablativum pro dativo; aut certe ideo metum aufert, ut animo securiore possit audire, ut alibi &quot;soluite corde metum, Teucri&quot;. {{sc|'''cytherea'''}} omnia quae apud Graecos ei diphthongon habent apud Latinos in e productum conuertuntur, ut g-Kuthereia Cytherea, g-Aineias Aeneas, g-Mehdeia Medea. omnia autem quae dicit Iuppiter ad solutionem pertinent antedictorum. nunc dicit ‘parce metu’, quia superius dixerat ‘tristior’; ‘manent inmota’, quia dixerat ‘quae te genitor sententia uertit?’ et simul per transitum dogma Stoicorum ostendit, nulla ratione posse fata mutari. sane servat et hic ordinem sicut in Aeoli oratione, ut statim promittat quod praestaturus est, ne auditor sit exspectatione suspensus. {{sc|'''tvorvm'''}} uel Troianorum uel Romanorum. 

{{ancora+|258|[[Aeneis/Liber I#258|258.]]}} {{sc|'''fata tibi'''}}  non propter te; fati enim immobilis ratio est. sed aut uacat ‘tibi’, ut &quot;qui mihi accubantes in conuiviis&quot;, aut certe tuta tibi sunt fata, non tamen propter te. {{sc|'''cernes vrbem'''}} aut Romam significat, quia cum proprietatem detrahimus, quod magnum est significamus, ut si dicas ‘legi oratorem’ nec addas quem, intellego Ciceronem; et ne longa sit exspectatio, adiecit ‘et promissa Lavini moenia’: aut certe detrahe ‘et’, sicut multi, et epexegesin facis ‘cernes urbem’, id est ‘promissa Lavini moenia’. uidetur autem figurate dictum ‘urbem’ et ‘moenia’, quia diversis idem significavit. 

{{ancora+|259|[[Aeneis/Liber I#259|259.]]}} {{sc|'''svblimemqve feres ad sidera caeli'''}}  propter illud ‘caeli quibus adnuis arcem’. Aeneas enim secundum quosdam in Numicum cecidit fluvium, secundum ovidium in caelum raptus est, appellatus tamen est Iuppiter indiges. Aeneas enim post errores VII. annorum cum ad Italiam pervenisset et, sicut historia habet, cognito quod Veneris filius, Troia profugus fatis iuvantibus ad Italiam venisset, ab Latino susceptus esset, filiam eius Lavinam duxit uxorem: quo dolore Turnus rex Rutulorum, qui ante Laviniam sperabat uxorem, et Latino et Aeneae bellum indixit. sed primo proelio Latinus est interemptus, secundo uero Aeneas Turnum occidit. ipse uero ut quidam dicunt cum Mezentium, ut quidam uero Messapum fugeret, in Numicum fluvium cecidit, ut uero ovidius refert in caelum raptus est, cuius corpus cum uictis a se Rutulis et Mezentio Ascanius requisitum non invenisset, in deorum numerum credidit relatum. itaque ei templum condidit et Iovem Indigetem appellavit. bene autem addidit ‘feres’, ut gratius esset quod per ipsam fieret. 


{{ancora+|260|[[Aeneis/Liber I#260|260.]]}} {{sc|'''magnanimvm'''}} magnus et paruus quoniam mensurae sunt, ad animum non nisi g-katachrehstikohs adhibentur. et bene hoc addidit, quasi dicat, quem tu miserum dicis, nos magnanimum, summum. NEQUE ME S- V- ad illud ‘quae te, genitor, sententia uertit’. 

{{ancora+|261|[[Aeneis/Liber I#261|261.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} id est Aeneas. et est ordo ‘hic bellum ingens geret Italia’. alii ‘hic’ pro ‘post haec quae dixi’ accipiunt, ut sit loci aduerbium pro temporis. {{sc|'''tibi fabor enim'''}} hoc loco excusat quaestionem futuram, quasi Veneri dolenti quae uera sunt dicat, sed aliter loquatur cunctis praesentibus dis: dicet enim in decimo &quot;abnueram bello Italiam concurrere Teucris&quot;. {{sc|'''qvando'''}} siquidem, quoniam. {{sc|'''remordet'''}} sollicitat. Terentius &quot;par pari referto, quod eam remordeat&quot;. 

{{ancora+|262|[[Aeneis/Liber I#262|262.]]}} {{sc|'''arcana'''}} secreta. unde et arca et arx dictae, quasi res secretae. 

{{ancora+|263|[[Aeneis/Liber I#263|263.]]}} {{sc|'''italia'''}} in Italia, et detraxit praepositionem more suo. sic et illo loco &quot;non Libyae, non ante Tyro; despectus Hiarbas&quot; id est in Tyro. nam si aduerbialiter uellet, Tyri diceret. {{sc|'''popvlosqve feroces contvndet'''}} incongruum fuerat in consolatione bella praedicere: ob hoc ergo etiam uictoriam pollicetur. 

{{ancora+|264|[[Aeneis/Liber I#264|264.]]}} {{sc|'''moresqve viris et moenia ponet'''}}  hysteroproteron in sensu; ante enim civitas, post iura conduntur. leges autem etiam mores dici non dubium est. 

{{ancora+|265|[[Aeneis/Liber I#265|265.]]}} {{sc|'''tertia dvm latio regnantem viderit aestas'''}}  rhetorice, ne breve esset si triennium diceret, tempora divisit in species. ordo autem est longissimus, nam aliter non procedit, ‘sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli magnanimum Aeneam, tertia dum Latio regnantem uiderit aestas’. ergo uidetur sic tacite mortem Aeneae significasse. ‘dum’ autem pro donec, ut &quot;dum conderet urbem&quot;, id est donec. quidam ideo bis annos ternos memorasse tradunt, ut tres annos solum Aeneam regnaturum significaret, quod cum Latino alios tres annos regnasse dicitur. 

{{ancora+|267|[[Aeneis/Liber I#267|267.]]}} {{sc|'''at pver ascanivs'''}}  prudenter exitum Aeneae et ostendit et tacuit dicendo filium postea regnaturum. aut quia maior cura Veneri de nepote ut in X- &quot;liceat superesse nepotem&quot; et iterum ibi &quot;hunc tegere&quot;. {{sc|'''cvi nvnc cognomen ivlo additvr'''}} secundum Catonem historiae hoc habet fides: Aeneam cum patre ad Italiam venisse et propter inuasos agros contra Latinum Turnumque pugnasse, in quo proelio periit Latinus. Turnum postea ad Mezentium confugisse eiusque fretum auxilio bella renovasse, quibus Aeneas Turnusque pariter rapti sunt. migrasse postea in Ascanium et Mezentium bella, sed eos singulari certamine dimicasse. et occiso Mezentio Ascanium sicut I. Caesar scribit Iulum coeptum uocari, uel quasi iobolon, id est sagittandi peritum, uel a prima barbae lanugine quam g-ioulon Graeci dicunt, quae ei tempore uictoriae nascebatur. sciendum est autem hunc primo Ascanium dictum a Phrygiae flumine Ascanio, ut est &quot;transque sonantem Ascanium&quot;; deinde Ilum dictum a rege Ilo, unde et Ilium, postea Iulum occiso Mezentio: de quibus nominibus hoc loco dicit ‘at puer Ascanius cui nunc cognomen Iulo additur, Ilus erat’. ab hac autem historia ita discedit Vergilius, ut aliquibus locis ostendat, non se per ignorantiam, sed per artem poeticam hoc fecisse, ut illo loco &quot;quo magis Italia mecum laetere reperta&quot;: ecce g-amphibolikohs dixit, ostendit tamen Anchisen ad Italiam pervenisse. sic autem omnia contra hanc historiam ficta sunt, ut illud ubi dicitur Aeneas uidisse Carthaginem, cum eam constet ante {{sc|'''lxx'''}} annos urbis Romae conditam. inter excidium uero Troiae et ortum urbis Romae anni inveniuntur CCCXL. {{sc|'''cognomen ivlo'''}} si proprie loqueretur, agnomen diceret, non cognomen, sed magis ad familiam respexit, quia omnis gens Iulia inde originem ducit. dicimus autem et nomen mihi est Cicero, ut &quot;Hecyra est huic nomen fabulae&quot;, et Ciceronis, ut Sallustius &quot;cui nomen oblivionis condiderant&quot;, et Ciceroni, ut &quot;cui Remulo cognomen erat&quot;, et Ciceronem, ut &quot;Aeneadasque meo nomen de nomine fingo&quot;. melius tamen est dativo uti. 

{{ancora+|268|[[Aeneis/Liber I#268|268.]]}} {{sc|'''ilvs erat'''}}  deest ‘qui’, debuit autem dicere ‘qui Ilus erat’. {{sc|'''ilia'''}} pro Iliensis, ut Plautus &quot;Hector Ilius&quot; pro Iliensis. et &quot;Amphitryo, natus Argis ex Argo patre&quot; id est Argivo. 

{{ancora+|269|[[Aeneis/Liber I#269|269.]]}} {{sc|'''triginta'''}} uel quod XXX- tantum annos regnavit, uel quod Cato ait, &quot;XXX- annis expletis eum Albam condidisse&quot;. {{sc|'''magnos orbes'''}} tria sunt genera annorum: aut enim lunaris annus est XXX- dierum, aut solstitialis XII- mensum, aut secundum Tullium magnus, qui tenet XIIDCCCCLIIII. annos, ut in Hortensio &quot;horum annorum quos in fastis habemus magnus XIIDCCCCLIIII- amplectitur&quot;. hoc ergo loco magnum dixit comparatione lunaris, et alibi &quot;interea magnum sol circumuoluitur annum&quot;. annus autem dictus quasi anus, id est anulus, quod in se redeat, ut est &quot;atque in se sua per uestigia uoluitur annus&quot;, uel g-apo g-tou g-ananeousthai, id est ab innovatione. {{sc|'''volvendis'''}} uolubilibus uel quia uoluuntur, ut supra. 


{{ancora+|270|[[Aeneis/Liber I#270|270.]]}} {{sc|'''a sede lavini transferet'''}}  uerum est: uitans enim novercalem inuidiam, quod timore Ascanii Lavinia post Aeneae mortem ad Tyrrhum paternum pastorem gravida confugit ad siluas, nam ibi etiam Siluium peperisse dicitur, deseruit Lavinium et Albam Longam condidit dictam ab omine albae porcae repertae uel situ civitatis. ad quam cum de Lavinio dii Penates translati nocte proxima Lavinium redissent, atque eos denuo Albam Ascanius transtulisset, et illi iterum redissent Lavinium, eos manere passus est, datis qui sacris praeessent agroque eis adsignato, quo se alerent. {{sc|'''vi'''}} modo uirtute, nam multa significat. {{sc|'''vi'''}} modo uirtute tei dunamei, alibi tei biai, ut est &quot;auro ui potitur&quot;, alias pro magna copia. Cicero in deorum natura &quot;infinitamque uim marmoris&quot;, Sallustius &quot;magna uis hominum convenerat agris pulsa aut civitate eiecta&quot;. et est sermo diversa significans, prout se locus obtulerit. 

{{ancora+|272|[[Aeneis/Liber I#272|272.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc iam'''}}  praeterea. si autem ‘hic iam’, in hoc scilicet loco. {{sc|'''ter centvm'''}} quomodo trecentos annos dicit, cum eam quadringentis regnasse constet sub Albanis regibus? sed cum praescriptione ait ‘tercentum’, scilicet usque ad ortum urbis Romae; ait namque ‘donec regina sacerdos Marte gravis’. et constat in regno Romuli et Numae et Tulli Hostilii qui evertit Albam centum annos, quibus pariter Roma et Alba regnarunt, esse consumptos. {{sc|'''totos'''}} id est sine intermissione. {{sc|'''regnabitvr'''}} impersonalibus usus est, quia de multis dicit, ut &quot;usque adeo turbatur agris&quot;. 

{{ancora+|273|[[Aeneis/Liber I#273|273.]]}} {{sc|'''gente svb hectorea'''}}  id est Troiana. sed debuit dicere ‘Aeneia’. diximus superius nomina poetas ex uicino usurpare. sed quidam reprehendunt, quod ‘Hectorea’ et non ‘Aeneia’. mos est poetis nomina ex uicinis usurpare, quia coniunctus genere Hectori Ascanius, ut est &quot;et pater Aeneas, et avunculus excitat Hector&quot;. alii tradunt, cum Hectoris progenies nulla in Italia fuerit, ideo ‘sub Hectorea’ positum, ut significaret sub forti, ut in quinto &quot;Hectorei socii&quot;. sed ex aliis rebus alia dat nomina, ut pios Aeneadas appellavit, ut timidos Phrygas, ut nobiles Dardanidas, ut periuros Laomedontiadas. ceterum ubi ueram originem significat &quot;domus Assaraci&quot; ponit, ex quo Capys, ex Capy Anchises, ex Anchise Aeneas. {{sc|'''donec regina sacerdos'''}} historia hoc habet. Amulius et Numitor fratres fuerunt. Amulius fratrem imperio pepulit et filium eius necavit, filiam uero Iliam Vestae sacerdotem fecit, ut spem subolis auferret, a qua se puniri posse cognoverat. hanc ut multi dicunt Mars compressit, unde nati sunt Remus et Romus, quos cum matre Amulius praecipitari iussit in Tiberim. tum ut quidam dicunt Iliam sibi Anien fecit uxorem, ut alii inter quos Horatius, Tiberis: unde ait &quot;uxorius amnis&quot;. pueri uero expositi ad uicinam ripam sunt. hos Faustus repperit pastor, cuius uxor erat nuper meretrix Acca Larentia, quae susceptos aluit pueros. hi postea avum suum Numitorem occiso Amulio in regna revocarunt. quibus dum cum eo angustum Albae uideretur imperium, recesserunt et captatis auguriis urbem condiderunt. sed Remus prior sex uultures uidit, Romus postea duodecim: quae res bellum creavit. in quo extinctus est Remus, et a Romi nomine Romani appellati. ut autem pro Romo Romulus diceretur, blandimenti genere factum est, quod gaudet diminutione. quod autem a lupa dicuntur alti, fabulosum figmentum est ad celandam auctorum Romani generis turpitudinem. nec incongrue fictum est; nam et meretrices lupas uocamus, unde et lupanaria. et constat hoc animal in tutela esse Martis. sed de origine et conditore urbis diversa a diversis traduntur. Clinias refert Telemachi filiam Romen nomine Aeneae nuptam fuisse, ex cuius uocabulo Romam appellatam. - - dicit Latinum ex Vlixe et Circe editum de nomine sororis suae mortuae Romen civitatem appellasse. Ateius adserit Romam ante aduentum evandri diu Valentiam uocitatam, sed post graeco nomine g-Romen uocitatam. alii a filia evandri ita dictam, alii a fatidica, quae praedixisset evandro his eum locis oportere considere. Heraclides ait Romen, nobilem captivam Troianam huc appulisse et taedio maris suasisse sedem, ex cuius nomine urbem uocatam. Eratosthenes Ascanii, Aeneae filii, Romulum parentem urbis refert. Naevius et Ennius Aeneae ex filia nepotem Romulum conditorem urbis tradunt. Sibylla ita dicit g-Rhomaioi, g-Rhomou g-paides. {{sc|'''regina'''}} regis filia. abusive ait more poetico, ut alibi &quot;magnum reginae sed enim miseratus amorem&quot;, id est regis filiae Pasiphaes. {{sc|'''sacerdos'''}} quia ab Amulio Vestae uirgo esse iussa est, ne ei propter edendam subolem facultas esset uiro iungi. 

{{ancora+|274|[[Aeneis/Liber I#274|274.]]}} {{sc|'''marte gravis'''}}  gravida, ut &quot;non insueta gravis temptabunt pabula fetas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|275|[[Aeneis/Liber I#275|275.]]}} {{sc|'''inde'''}} post, uel deinde, uel tunc, aduerbium loci pro temporis. {{sc|'''fvlvo tegmine'''}} id est pelle lupae, qua utebatur more pastorum. sed hoc multi reprehendunt, cur nutricis tegmine usus sit. qui gemina ratione refutantur: uel falsitate fabulae, uel exemplo Iovis, qui caprae nutricis utitur pelle, unde Graece g-aigiochos appellatur. sane ‘tegmine’ multi antique dictum asserunt, quia tegimentum dici debere affirmant. {{sc|'''laetvs'''}} uirtute alacer, uel quia avo regnum reddiderat, uel quia ipse novam urbem et novum condebat imperium. 

{{ancora+|276|[[Aeneis/Liber I#276|276.]]}} {{sc|'''excipiet gentem'''}}  Remo scilicet interempto, post cuius mortem natam constat pestilentiam: unde consulta oracula dixerunt placandos esse manes fratris extincti; ob quam rem sella curulis cum sceptro et corona et ceteris regni insignibus semper iuxta sancientem aliquid Romulum ponebatur, ut pariter imperare uiderentur. unde est &quot;Remo cum fratre Quirinus iura dabunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|277|[[Aeneis/Liber I#277|277.]]}} {{sc|'''romanosqve svo de nomine dicet'''}}  perite non ait Romam, sed Romanos. urbis enim illius uerum nomen nemo uel in sacris enuntiat. denique tribunus plebei quidam Valerius Soranus, ut ait Varro et multi alii, hoc nomen ausus enuntiare, ut quidam dicunt raptus a senatu et in crucem levatus est, ut alii, metu supplicii fugit et in Sicilia comprehensus a praetore praecepto senatus occisus est. hoc autem urbis nomen ne Hyginus quidem cum de situ urbis loqueretur expressit. 

{{ancora+|278|[[Aeneis/Liber I#278|278.]]}} {{sc|'''nec metas rervm nec tempora pono'''}}  ‘metas’ ad terras rettulit, ‘tempora’ ad annos; Lavinio enim et Albae finem statuit, Romanis tribuit aeternitatem, quia subiunxit ‘imperium sine fine dedi’. 

{{ancora+|279|[[Aeneis/Liber I#279|279.]]}} {{sc|'''qvin'''}} quinetiam; minus enim est ‘etiam’. nam plenum est quinetiam, ut &quot;quinetiam hiberno moliris sidere classem&quot;. {{sc|'''aspera ivno'''}} tolerabilius hoc Iuppiter dicit. {{sc|'''aspera ivno'''}} uel quam tu asperam dicis, uel certe ut et ego fateor. 


{{ancora+|280|[[Aeneis/Liber I#280|280.]]}} {{sc|'''metv'''}} ut supra &quot;id metuens&quot;. {{sc|'''terras caelvmqve fatigat'''}} alibi &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires caelique marisque&quot;. QUAE MARE N- T- Q- M- C- Q- F- metu scilicet quem de Carthagine habet, ut supra &quot;id metuens&quot;, uel metu quo Troianos terret et Venerem. nam dicit ‘parce metu Cytherea’. ‘mare’ autem ‘t- c- q- f-’ alibi ostendit dicendo &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires caelique marisque&quot;. ‘fatigat’ uero pro exercet, sollicitat, commovet. 

{{ancora+|281|[[Aeneis/Liber I#281|281.]]}} {{sc|'''consilia in melivs referet'''}}  quia bello Punico secundo ut ait Ennius placata Iuno coepit favere Romanis. {{sc|'''in melivs'''}} eis to kreitton. et est Latinior elocutio: Sallustius &quot;ad mutandum modo in melius seruitium&quot;. {{sc|'''mecvmqve fovebit'''}} id est eadem quae ego sentiens, eadem quae ego uolens, uel ut quidam uolunt mecum in Capitolio constituta. 

{{ancora+|282|[[Aeneis/Liber I#282|282.]]}} {{sc|'''gentemqve togatam'''}}  bene ‘gentem’, quia et sexus omnis et condicio toga utebatur, sed serui nec colobia nec calceos habebant. togas autem etiam feminas habuisse, cycladum et recini usus ostendit. recinus autem dicitur ab eo, quod post tergum reicitur, quod uulgo maforte dicunt. 

{{ancora+|283|[[Aeneis/Liber I#283|283.]]}} {{sc|'''sic placitvm'''}}  uel fatis uel mihi; nam inpersonale est. {{sc|'''lvstris'''}} quinquenniis. et bene olympiadibus computat tempora, quod magis ad Iovem pertinet, quia nondum erant uel Roma uel consules. lustrum autem dictum, quod post quinquennium unaquaeque civitas lustrabatur. unde Romae ambilustrum, quod non licebat nisi ambos censores post quinquennium lustrare civitatem. {{sc|'''aetas'''}} iuxta ueteres aetas hic pro tempore posita est, alibi pro modo annorum, ut est &quot;ubi iam firmata uirum te fecerit aetas&quot; et &quot;aetas Lucinam iustosque pati hymenaeos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|284|[[Aeneis/Liber I#284|284.]]}} {{sc|'''domvs assaraci'''}}  id est familia Troiana, et est a parte totum; nam Assaracus Capyn genuit, Capys Anchisen, unde Aeneas, auctor Romani generis: ex quibus Mummius, qui Achaiam uicit. {{sc|'''pthiam'''}} achillis patriam. {{sc|'''mycenas'''}} agamemnonis patriam, ut &quot;Agamemnoniasque Mycenas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|286|[[Aeneis/Liber I#286|286.]]}} {{sc|'''nascetvr'''}} ad illud respondet ‘certe hinc Romanos olim’ et omnis poetae intentio, ut in qualitate carminis diximus, ad laudem tendit Augusti, sicut et in sexti catalogo et in clipei descriptione. haec autem Iovis allocutio partim obiecta purgat partim aliquid pollicetur. {{sc|'''pvlchra'''}} allusit propter Venerem. {{sc|'''troianvs'''}} ac si diceret, etiam Caesar Troianus est. {{sc|'''caesar'''}} hic est, qui dictus est Gaius Iulius Caesar. Gaius praenomen est, Iulius ab Iulo, Caesar uel quod caeso matris uentre natus est, uel quod avus eius in Africa manu propria occidit elephantem, qui caesa dicitur lingua Poenorum. hic sane Gaius Iulius Caesar quattuor et sexaginta uictis Galliarum civitatibus cum a senatu petisset consulatum et triumphum nec impetrasset aduersante Cn. Pompeio magno eiusque amicis, qui Caesaris processibus inuidebant, bellum civile gessit in Farsalia, quo Pompeius uictus Alexandriae occiditur. Caesar Romam compositis rebus et Alexandria debellata reversus in curia Pompeiana a Cassio et Bruto aliisque Pompeianis occisus est. cuius heres Augustus cum intrasset urbem coegit a senatu interfectores Caesaris parricidas et hostes iudicari, eumque in deorum numerum referri et divum appellari. 

{{ancora+|287|[[Aeneis/Liber I#287|287.]]}} {{sc|'''imperivm oceano'''}} , {{sc|'''famam qvi terminet astris'''}} aut ad laudem dictum est, aut certe secundum historiam. re uera enim et Britannos qui in oceano sunt uicit, et post mortem eius cum ludi funebres ab Augusto eius adoptivo filio darentur, stella medio die uisa est, unde est &quot;ecce Dionaei processit Caesaris astrum&quot;. {{sc|'''a magno'''}} sicut Alexander, sicut Pompeius. Graeci enim omne magnificum magnum, ut mater magna et dii magni. 

{{ancora+|288|[[Aeneis/Liber I#288|288.]]}} {{sc|'''olim'''}} modo futuri temporis est. {{sc|'''caelo'''}} in caelum. {{sc|'''spoliis orientis'''}} uicto Pharnace Mithridatis filio, qui re uera in oriente fuit. ceterum Aegyptus, in qua Ptolomaeum uicit, in australi est plaga. 

{{ancora+|289|[[Aeneis/Liber I#289|289.]]}} {{sc|'''honvstvm'''}} inter honustum et oneratum hoc interest, quod oneratus est qualicumque pressus pondere, honustus uero cui onus ipsum honori est, ut si quis spolia hostium ferat. sed oneratus aspirationem non habet, quia ab onere venit, honustus uero, quia etiam ab honore descendit, retinet aspirationem. alii ‘honestum’ legunt; ueteres enim honestum pro specioso ponebant, ut &quot;Dardanius caput ecce puer detectus honestum&quot;. 


{{ancora+|290|[[Aeneis/Liber I#290|290.]]}} {{sc|'''accipies secvra'''}}  quia post mortem Caesar meruit aram, fastigium, flaminem, ut Cicero in Philippicis. {{sc|'''secvra'''}} quare ‘secura’? quia nunc sollicita. {{sc|'''hic qvoqve'''}} potest intellegi sicut Romulus, sed melius sicut Aeneas, de quo superius ait ‘sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli’. ‘quoque’ autem semper ad similitudinem ponit, ut &quot;tu quoque litoribus nostris&quot;. {{sc|'''hic qvoqve'''}} sicut ego, sicut tu. {{sc|'''votis'''}} uel ad uota uel uotis uocabitur. 

{{ancora+|291|[[Aeneis/Liber I#291|291.]]}} {{sc|'''aspera tvnc'''}}  id est Caesare consecrato cum Augustus regnare coeperit, clauso Iani templo, pax erit per orbem. constat autem templum hoc ter esse clausum: primum regnante Numa, item post bellum Punicum secundum, tertio post bella Actiaca quae confecit Augustus: quo tempore pax quidem fuit quantum ad exteras pertinet gentes, sed bella flagravere civilia, quod et ipse per transitum tangit dicens ‘Furor impius intus’. huius autem aperiendi uel claudendi templi ratio uaria est. alii dicunt Romulo contra Sabinos pugnante, cum in eo esset ut uinceretur, calidam aquam ex eodem loco erupisse, quae fugavit exercitum Sabinorum: hinc ergo tractum morem, ut pugnaturi aperirent templum, quod in eo loco fuerat constitutum, quasi ad spem pristini auxilii. alii dicunt Tatium et Romulum facto foedere hoc templum aedificasse, unde et Ianus ipse duas facies habet, quasi ut ostendat duorum regum coitionem. uel quod ad bellum ituri debent de pace cogitare. est alia melior ratio, quod ad proelium ituri optent reversionem. 

{{ancora+|292|[[Aeneis/Liber I#292|292.]]}} {{sc|'''cana fides et vesta'''}}  subaudis ‘erit’. canam autem Fidem dixit, uel quod in canis hominibus invenitur, uel quod ei albo panno inuoluta manu sacrificatur, per quod ostenditur fidem debere esse secretam: unde et Horatius &quot;et albo rara Fides colit uelata panno&quot;. Vesta uero pro religione, quia nullum sacrificium sine igne est, unde et ipsa et Ianus in omnibus sacrificiis inuocantur. Vesta autem dicta uel g-apo g-tehs g-hestias, ut digammos sit adiecta, sicut g-ehr uer, g-Enetos Venetus, uel quod uariis uestita sit rebus. ipsa enim esse dicitur terra, quam ignem habere non dubium est, ut ex Aetna Vulcanoque et aliis locis ardentibus datur intellegi. {{sc|'''remo cvm fratre qvirinvs ivra dabvnt'''}} hic dissimulat de parricidio, quod et iungit eos, et quia non Romulum, sed Quirinum appellat, ut non potuerit parricidium facere qui meruerit deus fieri. {{sc|'''remo cvm fratre qvirinvs ivra dabvnt'''}} multi sic intellegere uolunt ut superius diximus, quia post pestilentiam ad placandos fratris manes geminis omnibus usus est Romulus: unde est &quot;uiden ut geminae stent uertice cristae?&quot; sed hoc esse non potest, quia iteratio est ante dictorum aut ordo praeposterus, si post dictum Caesarem Romulum repetit. constat praeterea Iani templum patuisse sub Romulo, quia bellis numquam uacavit. alii uolunt per hos Romanos intellegi. uera tamen hoc habet ratio, Quirinum Augustum esse, Remum uero pro Agrippa positum, qui filiam Augusti duxit uxorem, et cum eo pariter bella tractavit: unde est &quot;parte alia dis et uentis Agrippa secundis&quot;. nam adulans populus Romanus Octaviano tria obtulit nomina, utrum uellet Quirinus, an Caesar, an Augustus uocari. ille ne unum eligendo partem laederet quae aliud offerre cupiebat, diverso tempore omnibus usus est, et primo Quirinus dictus est, inde Caesar, postea quod et obtinuit Augustus, sicut Suetonius probat et in georgicis ostendit Vergilius. nam cum de Gangaridum uictoria diceret, qui iuxta Gangen sunt quique ab Augusto uicti sunt, ait &quot;uictorisque arma Quirini&quot;. ut autem pro Agrippa Remum poneret, poetico usus est more; nam nomen ex uicino sumpsit. hoc ergo dicit, cum coeperit Iulius Caesar caelum tenere patratis omnibus bellis, iura dabunt Augustus et Agrippa. Romulus autem ideo Quirinus dictus est, uel quod hasta utebatur, quae Sabinorum lingua curis dicitur: hasta enim, id est curis, telum longum est, unde et securis quasi semicuris: uel a g-koiranos qui Graece rex dicitur: constat autem Graecos fuisse Romanos: uel propter generis nobilitatem; Mars enim cum saevit Gradivus dicitur, cum tranquillus est Quirinus. denique in urbe duo eius templa sunt: unum Quirini intra urbem, quasi custodis et tranquilli, aliud in Appia uia extra urbem prope portam, quasi bellatoris, id est Gradivi. 

{{ancora+|293|[[Aeneis/Liber I#293|293.]]}} {{sc|'''dirae'''}} cum apertae sunt. {{sc|'''dirae'''}} hoc est abominandae, alias ‘dirae’ magnae &quot;an sua cuique deus fit dira cupido&quot; et &quot;iam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes dira loci&quot; et &quot;dicuntur geminae pestes cognomine Dirae&quot;. {{sc|'''compagibvs'''}} ambages et compages antiqui tantum dicebant, posteritas admisit ut etiam compago dicatur: sed non quia uarius esse potest nominativus, debet etiam declinatio mutari, quemadmodum nec in istis nominibus arbor arbos, uomer uomis; nam et uomeris et arboris tantum facit. ergo compages compagis, quoniam compago usurpatum est; compaginis enim nemo penitus dicit. 

{{ancora+|294|[[Aeneis/Liber I#294|294.]]}} {{sc|'''belli portae'''}}  Iani gemini, quae bello aperiebantur, pace claudebantur. ideo autem Ianus belli tempore patefiebat, ut eiusdem conspectus per bellum pateret, in cuius potestate esset exitus reditusque; id enim ipsa significat eius effigies, praebentis se euntibus et redeuntibus ducem. hunc autem olim Numa Pompilius fecit, cuius portas regni tempore clausit. {{sc|'''fvror impivs intvs'''}} ut superius diximus propter bella civilia, quae gesta sunt contra Brutum et Cassium ab Augusto in Philippis, contra Sextum Pompeium ab Augusto in Sicilia. aut sicut quidam tradunt {{sc|'''fvror impivs intvs'''}} non in aede Iani, sed in alia in foro Augusti introeuntibus ad sinistram, fuit bellum pictum et furor sedens super arma devinctus eo habitu quo poeta dixit. 

{{ancora+|295|[[Aeneis/Liber I#295|295.]]}} {{sc|'''saeva sedens svper arma'''}}  secundum antiquam licentiam. sciendum tamen est hodie ‘in’ et ‘sub’ tantum communes esse praepositiones. ceterum ‘super’ et ‘subter’ iam accusativae sunt, sicut ‘clam’ et ‘post’, quae ante communes fuerunt: nunc in his mutata natura est. ergo {{sc|'''svper'''}} pro supra. et nunc haec praepositio accusativo seruit, ubi uero ‘de’ significat, ablativo. {{sc|'''aenis nodis'''}} non centum nodis, sed catenis, quas circumlocutione significavit, quia sunt catenae nodi plures. quidam ‘aeneis’ pro ferreis tradunt, ut &quot;micat aereus ensis&quot;: et &quot;aerea quem obliquum rota transit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|297|[[Aeneis/Liber I#297|297.]]}} {{sc|'''et maia genitvm'''}}  Mercurium. et est periphrasis. Cicero in libris de deorum natura plures dicit esse Mercurios: sed in deorum ratione fabulae sequendae sunt, nam ueritas ignoratur. simul allusit poeta, quia per caduceatores, id est internuntios, pax solet fieri. {{sc|'''maia genitvm demittit ab alto'''}} quod deo opus erat, ut hostes Poeni auctori Romani nominis placarentur Aeneae. quidam sane quattuor Mercurios dicunt: unum Iovis et Maiae filium, alterum Caeli et Diei, tertium Liberi et Proserpinae, quartum Iovis et Cyllenes, a quo Argus occisus est, quem ipsum ob hanc causam Graecia profugum Aegyptiis litteras demonstrasse perhibent. 

{{ancora+|298|[[Aeneis/Liber I#298|298.]]}} {{sc|'''vt terrae'''}}  propter illud quod sequitur &quot;hospitio prohibemur harenae&quot;. {{sc|'''pateant'''}} propter illud &quot;cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis&quot;. non nulli sane ‘pateant’ pacatae sint accipiunt, ut Sallustius &quot;simul immanis hominum uis multis e locis inuasere patentes tum et pacis modo effusas&quot;; hic enim habitus pacis. et in Catilina &quot;cuncta maria terraeque patebant&quot;. sic enim contra cum dicitur ‘clausa omnia’ bellum significatur, ut ipse &quot;quae moenia clausis ferrum acuant portis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|299|[[Aeneis/Liber I#299|299.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitio'''}} ad hospitium. {{sc|'''ne fati nescia dido'''}} non sui: nam si sciret exitum suum, multo magis uetaret: sed ‘fati’ dixit uoluntatis Iovis, sicut &quot;fatis Iunonis iniquae&quot;. aut certe fati Troianorum, qui non sponte, sed necessitate ad Africam venerant, quod utique ignorabat Dido. illo enim tempore inuadendarum terrarum causa fuerat navigatio, ut Sallustius meminit, facili tum mutatione sedum: quod etiam excusant Troiani &quot;non nos aut ferro Libycos populare penates venimus&quot;. ergo hoc agitur, ut discat Dido eos ad Italiam tendere. quomodo ergo se iungit Aeneae? sed furoris illud est, non consilii. nam nec sacerdotibus haec dicentibus credidit. unde est &quot;quid uota furentem, quid delubra iuvant?&quot; 


{{ancora+|300|[[Aeneis/Liber I#300|300.]]}} {{sc|'''volat ille per aera'''}}  similis hic festinatio Mercurii est, ut supra Neptuni. in quarto et &quot;talaria nectit&quot; et &quot;uirgam capit&quot; et plus moratur. 

{{ancora+|301|[[Aeneis/Liber I#301|301.]]}} {{sc|'''remigio alarvm'''}}  translatio reciproca, ut supra diximus; nam alibi &quot;uelorum pandimus alas&quot;. {{sc|'''citvs'''}} pro cito, aduerbium temporis in nomen deflexum. et bene hoc de Mercurio; cum enim alia signa tarde ad ortus suos recurrant, Mercurius octavo decimo die in ortu suo invenitur. {{sc|'''poeni'''}} antistoichon est quasi phoeni. 

{{ancora+|303|[[Aeneis/Liber I#303|303.]]}} {{sc|'''volente deo'''}}  Mercurio uel Iove. {{sc|'''in primis'''}} praecipue. 

{{ancora+|304|[[Aeneis/Liber I#304|304.]]}} {{sc|'''in tevcros'''}}  pro Teucris, ut diximus. alibi ‘in Teucros’ aduersum Teucros, ut &quot;absumptae in Teucros uires&quot;. 

{{ancora+|305|[[Aeneis/Liber I#305|305.]]}} {{sc|'''at pivs aeneas'''}}  filium Aeneas sacrorum omnium docetur, ex cuius persona latenter quae ad caeremonias ueteres pertinent saepe monstrantur. hic ergo deus apicis, quod insigne flaminum fuit, de quo loco suo in quarto libro dictum est. uult ostendere igitur, flamini extra medium pomerium post solis occasum apicem ponere non licere. Aeneas ergo hic ad Carthaginis litus adpulsus ostenditur sine apice fuisse, id est nudo capite. nam cum ait ‘at pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima uoluens, ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque explorare novos, quas uento accesserit oras, qui teneant, nam inculta uidet, hominesne feraene’ manifeste longius ab urbe intellegitur; unde animaduertendum est extra pomerium fuisse, nam in subsequentibus ostenditur, eum extra pomerium fuisse, cum ait Venus &quot;et qua te ducit uia, dirige gressum&quot;. nam et augurium ei in finibus pomerii ostensum est. quod et ipsum Aeneam respondentem signatius declarat sine apice fuisse; timentem enim, ne piaculum incurreret, si cum solis occasum nudo capite, id est sine apice inveniretur, ita loquentem fecit &quot;et uacet annales nostrorum audire laborum, ante diem clauso componet Vesper Olympo&quot;; uerebatur enim solis occasum. nudo autem capite ibi fuisse ostenditur, ubi ait &quot;restitit Aeneas claraque in luce refulsit, os umerosque deo similis; namque ipsa decoram caesariem nato genetrix lumenque iuventae purpureum et laetos oculis adflarat honores&quot;; neque enim caesariem dicere debuisset, nisi quia nudo capite incedebat Aeneas. sed haec Vergilio et his similia sufficiunt ad indicandum omnium disciplinarum scientiam narrantem aliud ponere, neque propositum habet talia plenius exsequi. {{sc|'''per noctem'''}} decet enim pro cunctis regem esse sollicitum. et bene ‘per noctem’, ne a sociis quos ipse consolatus erat uideretur per diem maerens. 

{{ancora+|306|[[Aeneis/Liber I#306|306.]]}} {{sc|'''alma'''}} alma lux dicta, quod alat universa, unde et &quot;alma Ceres&quot;, quod nos alat; nam physici dicunt omnia per diem crescere. quomodo ergo Vergilius ait &quot;exigua tantum gelidus ros nocte reponet&quot;? sed hoc pro miraculo positum est, ut etiam Plinius sentit. {{sc|'''locos'''}} et locos et loca dicimus, cum in numero singulari locus tantum dicamus. simile est et iocus, nam et ioca facit et ioci, ut &quot;ioca atque seria cum humillimis exercere&quot; et &quot;quam multa ioca solent esse in epistolis&quot; et &quot;tum iuvenes agitare iocos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|307|[[Aeneis/Liber I#307|307.]]}} {{sc|'''qvas vento accesserit oras'''}}  diximus superius figuram fieri, cum praepositio detracta nomini uerbo copulatur, et plerumque eam suam retinere naturam plerumque conuertere. hoc igitur sciendum est, quia, cum casum suum retinet, hysterologia est, ut hoc loco; cum autem mutat, figura est, ut &quot;Cumarum adlabitur oris&quot;; ‘oris’ enim pro oras posuit. plerumque tamen etiam superfluas ponunt praepositiones. {{sc|'''qvas vento accesserit oras'''}} sine praepositione. Sallustius &quot;genua patrum aduoluuntur&quot;. 

{{ancora+|308|[[Aeneis/Liber I#308|308.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi teneant'''}}  iure dubitat, cum omnia cernat inculta. est autem ordo ‘qui teneant, hominesne feraene’; media per parenthesin dicta sunt. {{sc|'''exacta'''}} exquisita. et ostendit providum regem per se curantem commoda sociorum. 


{{ancora+|310|[[Aeneis/Liber I#310|310.]]}} {{sc|'''in convexo nemorvm'''}}  prooeconomia est ad causam pertinens. non enim tenebitur ab Afris, ut Ilionei, et qui cum ipso supervenerant. ‘conuexo’ autem curuo, unde et conuexum dicitur caelum. sane subaudimus ‘loco’, ut alibi &quot;castrorum et campi medio&quot;, id est spatio. ‘nemorum’ autem modo siluarum. interest autem inter nemus et siluam et lucum; lucus enim est arborum multitudo cum religione, nemus uero composita multitudo arborum, silua diffusa et inculta. {{sc|'''svb rvpe cavata'''}} periphrasis est speluncae. 

{{ancora+|311|[[Aeneis/Liber I#311|311.]]}} {{sc|'''arboribvs atqve horrentibvs vmbris'''}}  umbris arborum, quo modo &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. aut certe arboribus et umbris speluncae. et bene ostendit omnia curuis adlata navibus non quae venerant cum Aenea. ‘clausam’ autem ‘occulit’ occulit et clausit. 

{{ancora+|312|[[Aeneis/Liber I#312|312.]]}} {{sc|'''comitatvs achate'''}}  bene ostendit Aeneam esse fortissimum nec quidquam timere dicendo ‘uno graditur comitatus Achate’. et diximus quaeri, cur Achates Aeneae sit comes. uaria quidem dicuntur, melius tamen hoc fingitur, ut tractum nomen sit a Graeca etymologia. g-achos enim dicitur sollicitudo, quae regum semper est comes. 

{{ancora+|313|[[Aeneis/Liber I#313|313.]]}} {{sc|'''bina'''}} si ad utrumque referas, bene dixit ‘bina’, si ad Aeneam tantum, antiquus mos est, ut supra diximus, bina pro duobus poni, sicut et duplices. {{sc|'''lato ferro'''}} id est lati ferri, ut &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. 

{{ancora+|314|[[Aeneis/Liber I#314|314.]]}} {{sc|'''media sese tvlit obvia silva'''}}  quam Graeci g-hulen uocant poetae nominant siluam, id est elementorum congeriem, unde cuncta procreantur. et multi uolunt Aeneam in horoscopo Virginem, ibi etiam Venerem habuisse. bene ergo in media silua uirginis habitu ei Venerem poeta facit occurrere, quia ut supra diximus Venere in Virgine constituta et misericordes procreantur feminae et uiri per mulierem felices futuri, ut probamus in Aenea, quoniam misericordia Didonis servatur. 

{{ancora+|315|[[Aeneis/Liber I#315|315.]]}} {{sc|'''virginis os habitvmqve gerens'''}}  uultum et amictum. habitus apud ueteres dicebatur tam corporis quam eorum quae praeter corpus sunt. et bene ‘gerens’, non ‘habens’, quod geri putantur aliena. 

{{ancora+|316|[[Aeneis/Liber I#316|316.]]}} {{sc|'''spartanae'''}} Lacaenae. Sparta enim civitas est Laconicae, ubi sunt puellae venatrices. redditur autem causa, uirgo cur sit in siluis, scilicet propter venatum. {{sc|'''threissa'''}} thracia. et est solutio; nam Thressa facit, sicut &quot;Cressa genus Pholoe&quot;. veniunt autem ab eo quod est Threx et Cres. ut autem Creissa non faciat illud est, quia g-Krehssa per e simpliciter scribitur nec potest recipere solutionem, g-Thraissa uero per ai diphthongon, unde et resoluitur. {{sc|'''fatigat'''}} suo scilicet cursu. sane quidam ‘fatigat’ pro fatigavit accipiunt, praesens pro praeterito, sicut et ‘praevertitur’ pro praeversa est. 

{{ancora+|317|[[Aeneis/Liber I#317|317.]]}} {{sc|'''harpalyce'''}} haec est quae patrem senem captum a Getis multitudine collecta liberavit celerius, quam de femina potest credi: unde et flumina dicitur celeritate transisse. multum autem epitheton fluminis eius addidit laudi. {{sc|'''harpalyce'''}} quidam a patre Harpalyco, qui rex Amymoniorum Thraciae gentis fuit, ita nutritam dicunt, ut ipse Camillam a Metabo facit. haec patre propter ferociam a civibus pulso ac postea occiso, fugit in siluas et venatibus latrociniisque uivendo ita efferata est et huius uelocitatis et exercitii facta est, ut subito ad uicina stabula coacta inopia decurreret et rapto pecorum fetu insequentes etiam equites in celeritate uitaret. sed quodam tempore positis ad insidias cervarum plagis capta et occisa est. cuius mortem nobilitavit eorum exitus, qui eam occiderunt; statim enim in uicinia orta contentio est, cuius fuisset haedus quem Harpalyce rapuerat, ita ut gravi certamine non sine plurimis mortibus dimicaretur. postea consuetudo servata est, ut ad tumulum uirginis populi convenirent et propter expiationem per imaginem pugnae concurrerent. quidam hanc patrem a Getis, ut alii uolunt a Myrmidonibus captum collecta multitudine adserunt liberavisse celerius, quam de femina credi potest: unde et flumina dicitur celeritate transisse. {{sc|'''volvcrem hebrvm'''}} multum quidem laudis flumini epitheto addidit: sed falsum est; nam est quietissimus etiam cum per hiemem crescit. est autem in Thracia ante muros Cypselae civitatis, de locis superis Thraciae veniens; dictus autem Hebrus ab Hebro Hemi et Rhodopes filio. {{sc|'''praevertitvr'''}} id est transit. dicimus autem et praevertit et praevertitur nova ratione. nam passiva declinatione utimur in activa significatione, ut hoc loco; praevertimur enim cum ipsi praeimus. cum autem activa declinatio est passivam habet significationem, ut ‘ille me praevertit’. alii ‘praevertitur’ sic positum uolunt, ut &quot;bellantur Amazones&quot; pro praevertit et bellant. 

{{ancora+|318|[[Aeneis/Liber I#318|318.]]}} {{sc|'''namqve vmeris de more'''}}  ut ostendatur esse venatrix. de more venantum scilicet. {{sc|'''habilem'''}} aptum sexui. unusquisque enim arcum habet pro uiribus suis. {{sc|'''venatrix'''}} similis venatrici, id est quasi venatrix, ut &quot;at medias inter caedes exultat Amazon&quot;. {{sc|'''comam diffvndere'''}} ut diffunderetur. Graeca autem figura est. sic alibi &quot;et argenti magnum dat ferre talentum&quot; et &quot;tu das epulis accumbere divum&quot;: unde ‘da bibere’ usus obtinuit, quod facere non debemus, ne duo uerba iungamus, nisi in poemate. 


{{ancora+|320|[[Aeneis/Liber I#320|320.]]}} {{sc|'''nvda genv'''}}  nudum genu habens, ut si dicas ‘bonus animum’. et est Graeca figura, sed non ea quam diximus fieri per participium praeteriti temporis et casum accusativum; haec enim per nomen fit: quamuis ad unam significationem recurrant. {{sc|'''sinvs collecta'''}} ut &quot;oculos suffusa&quot;. 

{{ancora+|321|[[Aeneis/Liber I#321|321.]]}} {{sc|'''ac prior'''}}  paulo post sequitur ‘inquit’. {{sc|'''hevs'''}} nunc aduerbium uocantis est, alias interiectio dolentis, ut &quot;heus etiam mensas consumimus, inquit Iulus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|322|[[Aeneis/Liber I#322|322.]]}} {{sc|'''errantem'''}} inuestigantem, quia venatores cum uestigant quasi uidentur errare. {{sc|'''sororvm'''}} non tamquam nota sit illis soror, sed ut est in consuetudine. 

{{ancora+|323|[[Aeneis/Liber I#323|323.]]}} {{sc|'''svccinctam'''}} instructam, uel ut alii dicunt in cingulo habentem pharetram, ut plerique. {{sc|'''macvlosae lyncis'''}} epitheta tribus modis ponuntur, aut laudandi aut demonstrandi aut uituperandi. hic ‘maculosae’ demonstrandi est. sane Lyncus rex Scythiae fuit, qui missum a Cerere Triptolemum, ut hominibus frumenta monstraret, susceptum hospitio, ut in se gloria tanta migraret, interimere cogitavit. ob quam rem irata Ceres eum conuertit in lyncem, feram uarii coloris, ut ipse uariae mentis extiterat. et erit nominativus haec lynx, ut Pan Tros, quae in genetivo una syllaba crescunt. 

{{ancora+|324|[[Aeneis/Liber I#324|324.]]}} {{sc|'''spvmantis'''}} id est spumosi, participium loco nominis positum. {{sc|'''cvrsvm clamore prementem'''}} plerumque duo diversa in unum exitum cadunt, licet contraria significent, ut hoc loco. ‘uidistis’ enim etiam ad uocem pertinet, quod etiam ex Aeneae responsione colligitur. {{sc|'''prementem'''}} insequentem, ut ipse alibi &quot;ingentem clamore premes ad retia ceruum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|325|[[Aeneis/Liber I#325|325.]]}} {{sc|'''orsvs'''}} nunc coepit, alias finiit, ut &quot;sic Iuppiter orsus&quot;. sed illic proprie posuit, hic usurpatum est; praeteritum enim est participium. 

{{ancora+|326|[[Aeneis/Liber I#326|326.]]}} {{sc|'''avdita neqve visa'''}}  hinc probatur quia superius haec interrogaverat Venus. sane quidam ‘audita’ ad illud responsum uolunt ‘clamore prementem’; ⟨ut⟩ ad ‘uidistis si quam’ ‘neque uisa’ responderit. 

{{ancora+|327|[[Aeneis/Liber I#327|327.]]}} {{sc|'''o qvam te'''}}  quae dea sit dubitat, nam deam esse confidit. ergo hic o dubitativa, alias optativa. &quot;adsis, o Tegeaee, favens&quot;. 

{{ancora+|328|[[Aeneis/Liber I#328|328.]]}} {{sc|'''vox hominem sonat'''}}  Graeca figura est. {{sc|'''o dea certe'''}} hic o distinguendum, ut post inferat ‘dea certe’ confirmans opinionem suam. et conclusio est syllogismi, qui constat ex propositione, adsumptione, conclusione. nam si nec uox nec uultus mortales sunt, restat ut dea sit. 

{{ancora+|329|[[Aeneis/Liber I#329|329.]]}} {{sc|'''an phoebi soror'''}}  Diana; nam venatrix est. bene autem suspicatur pro loco et qualitate habitus personaeque. perite autem poeta dicendo ‘an Phoebi soror’ uidetur de nomine Apollinis dubitare. constat enim hunc deum a diversis gentibus uel civitatibus diversis nominibus appellari secundum genera beneficiorum, quae uario divinitatis genere praestare consuevit. cui deo sagittas datas uolunt, quia ut uis morbi ita hoc telum sit occultum. hunc tamen deum et ad uberum custodiam et ad divinationem et ad medicinam et ad res urbanas, quae placidae sunt, et ad bella pertinere longinqua: cui laurum ideo sacratam, quia haec arbor suffimentis purgationibusque adhibeatur, ut ostendatur nullum templum eius nisi purum ingredi debere. cautum enim est, ne sacerdos eius domum ingrediatur, in qua ante quintam diem funus fuerit. quidam tamen ‘an’ pro sive antique dictum uolunt. non nulli coniunctionem mutatam adserunt pro ‘aut Phoebi soror aut Nympharum sanguinis una’. alii ‘an’ coniunctionem disiunctivam uolunt, ut Sallustius &quot;perrexere in Hispaniam, an Sardiniam&quot;. {{sc|'''an nympharvm sangvinis'''}} generis. 


{{ancora+|330|[[Aeneis/Liber I#330|330.]]}} {{sc|'''sis felix'''}}  propitia. felix enim dicitur et qui habet felicitatem et qui facit esse felicem, ut in bucolicis &quot;sis bonus o felixque tuis&quot;. unde et contra Iuno in septimo dicit &quot;quae potui infelix&quot;, id est aduersa Troianis. {{sc|'''sis felix'''}} hoc est felicitatem praestes uel felix mihi. e contrario &quot;et monstrum infelix &quot;et &quot;infelix uates&quot;. {{sc|'''leves'''}} levem facias, ut &quot;levat ipse tridenti&quot;. {{sc|'''qvaecvmqve'''}} seu Diana, seu nympha. 

{{ancora+|331|[[Aeneis/Liber I#331|331.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo svb caelo'''}}  aut sub qua parte caeli, aut secundum Epicureos dixit, qui plures uolunt esse caelos, ut Cicero in Hortensio. {{sc|'''tandem'''}} hoc loco uacat ‘tandem’. sciendum sane multas particulas ad ornatum pertinere tantummodo, ut puta ‘dum’ ‘gentium’ ‘locorum’ ‘terrarum’. aut ‘tandem doceas’, quia uix hoc quoque contigit. aut ‘tandem’ pro expletiva particula est. 

{{ancora+|332|[[Aeneis/Liber I#332|332.]]}} {{sc|'''hominvmqve locorvmqve'''}}  g-hupermetros uersus, unam enim plus habet syllabam: qui quotiens fit, debet sequens uersus a uocali incipere, ut hoc loco, item &quot;omnia Mercurio similis, uocemque coloremque et crines flavos&quot;; nisi forte synizesis fiat in fine, id est uocalium collisio, ut est &quot;nec cura peculi&quot;. hic enim non est necesse ut sequens uersus a uocali incipiat. 

{{ancora+|334|[[Aeneis/Liber I#334|334.]]}} {{sc|'''hostia dextra'''}}  hostiae dicuntur sacrificia quae ab his fiunt qui in hostem pergunt, uictimae uero sacrificia quae post uictoriam fiunt. sed haec licenter confundit auctoritas. 

{{ancora+|335|[[Aeneis/Liber I#335|335.]]}} {{sc|'''eqvidem'''}} nunc ‘ego quidem’ significat, alias expletiva particula est. {{sc|'''tali me dignor honore'''}} id est sacrificio. et aut uult se probare non numen, sed uirginem Tyriam; aut certe quia Paphiae Veneri quae Cypri colitur, ture tantum sacrificatur et floribus; quia ait &quot;ubi templum illi centumque Sabaeo thure calent arae, sertisque recentibus halant&quot;. HAVD EQUIDEM T- M- D- H- ideo non amplectitur sacrificium, ut diutius lateat. {{sc|'''dignor'''}} dignam me iudico, ut &quot;coniugio Anchisa Veneris dignate superbo&quot;, id est digne habite. 

{{ancora+|337|[[Aeneis/Liber I#337|337.]]}} {{sc|'''pvrpvreo'''}} aut pulchro aut russati coloris. {{sc|'''svras vincire cotvrno'''}} coturni sunt calciamenta etiam venatoria, crura quoque uincientia, quorum quivis utrique aptus est pedi. ideo et numero usus est singulari. 

{{ancora+|338|[[Aeneis/Liber I#338|338.]]}} {{sc|'''pvnica regna vides'''}}  ad illud &quot;‘et quo sub caelo tandem&quot;’. quidam ‘uides’ pro uisurus es accipiunt; nam quemadmodum in media silua urbem uidet et Tyrios? {{sc|'''pvnica regna vides'''}} his attentum facit Aeneam. {{sc|'''tyrios'''}} nihil interest utrum Tyrios an Sidonios dicat. ut diximus enim nomina de uicino mutuantur. {{sc|'''agenoris vrbem'''}} quam fecerunt Agenoridae. Agenor autem, Neptuni et Libyae filius, rex Phoenices fuit, de cuius genere originem Dido ducebat. et sic dictum est, ut &quot;et tandem Euboicis Cumarum adlabitur oris&quot;, id est ad Cumas, quas fecerunt hi qui de Chalcide venerant, civitate Euboeae. 

{{ancora+|339|[[Aeneis/Liber I#339|339.]]}} {{sc|'''sed fines libyci'''}}  ante dicta dubia esse potuerunt, nunc aperte regionem ostendit dicendo Libycos fines. Tyrii enim et alibi esse potuerunt. {{sc|'''intractabile'''}} insuperabile, asperum, saevum. {{sc|'''sed fines libyci'''}} amovit suspicionem, ne putaret se in Tyrum venisse. 


{{ancora+|340|[[Aeneis/Liber I#340|340.]]}} {{sc|'''dido'''}} uero nomine Elissa ante dicta est, sed post interitum a Poenis Dido appellata, id est uirago Punica lingua, quod cum a suis sociis cogeretur cuicumque de Afris regibus nubere et prioris mariti caritate teneretur, forti se animo et interfecerit et in pyram iecerit, quam se ad expiandos prioris mariti manes extruxisse fingebat. 

{{ancora+|341|[[Aeneis/Liber I#341|341.]]}} {{sc|'''germanvm fvgiens'''}}  hoc loco quasi stupuit Aeneas; de germani enim appellatione fuerat facta maior inuidia: unde auditoris aviditati praescribit Venus dicens longam esse iniuriam, id est causam, ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit, ut supra &quot;spem uultu simulat&quot;. {{sc|'''longa est inivria'''}} longa narratio iniuriae. 

{{ancora+|342|[[Aeneis/Liber I#342|342.]]}} {{sc|'''longae ambages'''}}  id est circuitus. hoc est ambages narrationis. {{sc|'''fastigia'''}} summae partes aedificiorum dicuntur, sed modo primordia, quia scit longam esse historiam Carthaginis, ut Sallustius &quot;sed de Carthagine silere melius puto, quam parum dicere&quot;. 

{{ancora+|343|[[Aeneis/Liber I#343|343.]]}} {{sc|'''hvic conivnx sychaevs erat'''}}  quotiens poeta aspera invenit nomina uel in metro non stantia, aut mutat ea aut de his aliquid mutilat. nam Sychaeus Sicarbas dictus est; Belus, Didonis pater, Mettes; Carthago a cartha, ut lectum est et in historia Poenorum et in Livio. sane Sychaeus Sy brevis est per naturam; sed hoc loco ectasin fecit ea licentia quae est in propriis nominibus. licet enim in quavis proprii nominis parte syllabae mutare naturam: quod et in appellativis evenit, si tamen de propriis originem ducant, ut &quot;Sicanio praetenta sinu&quot;, quia venit a Sicano rege Siciliae. {{sc|'''ditissimvs agri'''}} ueteres addebant cuius rei dives, ut &quot;dives equum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|344|[[Aeneis/Liber I#344|344.]]}} {{sc|'''miserae'''}} dativus est, non aduerbium. 

{{ancora+|345|[[Aeneis/Liber I#345|345.]]}} {{sc|'''cvi pater intactam dederat'''}}  argumentum amoris. 

{{ancora+|346|[[Aeneis/Liber I#346|346.]]}} {{sc|'''primis ominibvs'''}}  uel prosperis et secundis auguriis uel primariis, ut aliis uerbis repetierit ‘cui pater intactam dederat’. {{sc|'''ominibvs'''}} auguriis. et secundum Romanos locutus est, qui nihil nisi captatis faciebant auguriis, et praecipue nuptias. Lucanus &quot;contentique auspice Bruto&quot;. Iuvenalis &quot;veniet cum signatoribus auspex&quot;. {{sc|'''tyri'''}} aduerbium est. 

{{ancora+|347|[[Aeneis/Liber I#347|347.]]}} {{sc|'''scelere ante alios immanior omnes qvos inter medios venit fvror'''}}  iunge totum: nam aliter non procedit, si segreges ‘quos inter medios venit furor’, cum ipse dicat, licet simulatas, fuisse tamen amicitias, simul namque sacrificabant: ac si diceret, sceleratior Atreo et Thyeste, uel Eteocle et Polynice. multi ‘inmanior’ ad furorem, non ad Pygmalionem referunt. ordo autem est ‘inter quos medios’. 

{{ancora+|348|[[Aeneis/Liber I#348|348.]]}} {{sc|'''ille sychaevm'''}}  hoc loco secundum naturam posuit. 

{{ancora+|349|[[Aeneis/Liber I#349|349.]]}} {{sc|'''impivs ante aras'''}}  probavit impium, qui ante aras. et singula pronuntianda. 


{{ancora+|350|[[Aeneis/Liber I#350|350.]]}} {{sc|'''clam'''}} quidam ad sororem referri putant. {{sc|'''secvrvs amorvm germanae'''}} aut contemnens, id est neglegens, non curans amores sororis, ut &quot;securi pelagi atque mei&quot;, id est contemptores: aut certe securus erat de amore germanae circa maritum nimio, ob quem se post mortem Sychaei interimere posse credebatur; nec enim sequitur, ut occiso Sychaeo ipse statim potiretur auri, nisi etiam Dido periret. ‘amores’ autem plurali numero ad uoluptatem pertinent, ut &quot;securus amorum, qui iuvenum tibi semper erant&quot;, singulari etiam ad religionem. 

{{ancora+|351|[[Aeneis/Liber I#351|351.]]}} {{sc|'''aegram'''}} maestam, anxiam. 

{{ancora+|352|[[Aeneis/Liber I#352|352.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta malvs simvlans vana spe lvsit amantem'''}}  quia dicebat absentem, quem constabat occisum. atqui legimus &quot;quis fallere possit amantem?&quot; sed hic nimia Pygmalionis ostenditur malitia, quae etiam amantem fefellit. {{sc|'''vana spe'''}} quia dicebat eum reverti. {{sc|'''lvsit'''}} decepit. 

{{ancora+|353|[[Aeneis/Liber I#353|353.]]}} {{sc|'''in somnis'''}}  si ab eo quod est somnium, synizesis est, ut peculi pro peculii; si autem a somno venit, ‘in somnis’, id est dum somnos caperet. {{sc|'''imago'''}} g-to g-eidohlon. 

{{ancora+|355|[[Aeneis/Liber I#355|355.]]}} {{sc|'''crvdelis aras'''}}  epitheton hoc de causa est, nam arae piae sunt. 

{{ancora+|356|[[Aeneis/Liber I#356|356.]]}} {{sc|'''nvdavit'''}} indicavit: unde contra in sexto habemus &quot;et uulnera dira tegentem&quot;, hoc est celantem. quid enim tegeret undique truncatus? {{sc|'''retexit'''}} ecce hic planius quid sit ‘nudavit’ ostendit. {{sc|'''caecvmqve domvs scelvs omne retexit'''}} utrum ad praeteritum hoc refertur, an ut quibusdam uidetur, quod ipsam Didonem parabat occidere? nam ideo et fugam suadere uisus est. 

{{ancora+|357|[[Aeneis/Liber I#357|357.]]}} {{sc|'''celerare fvgam'''}}  celeriter abire, ut dicimus ‘cursum celero’. {{sc|'''svadet'''}} secundum naturam duae sunt syllabae, sed multi trisyllabum putant. quod etiam si inveniatur, solutio dicenda est, quo modo dicimus aena et aena. hoc autem solum huiusce modi uerbum in Latino invenitur. 

{{ancora+|358|[[Aeneis/Liber I#358|358.]]}} {{sc|'''reclvdit'''}} ad opinionem somni recludere uidetur, ut &quot;aeternumque adytis effert penetralibus ignem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|359|[[Aeneis/Liber I#359|359.]]}} {{sc|'''thesavros'''}} hoc nomen ‘n’ non habet, sicut Atlas, gigas, Thoas, Abas, Pallas, licet in obliquis casibus inveniatur; sicut nec formosus, quia derivatum est a forma, ut a specie speciosus, ab odio odiosus, a genere generosus, ab scelere scelerosus. {{sc|'''ignotvm argenti pondvs et avri'''}} aut quod ignorabat Dido, aut certe ad magnitudinem pertinet, id est tantum quantum nullus umquam novit. 


{{ancora+|360|[[Aeneis/Liber I#360|360.]]}} {{sc|'''his commota'''}}  supra dictis omnibus. 

{{ancora+|361|[[Aeneis/Liber I#361|361.]]}} {{sc|'''qvibvs avt odivm crvdele tyranni avt metvs acer erat'''}}  oderant laesi, metuebant laedendi, hoc est qui timebant, ne laederentur: unde est illud in quarto &quot;et quos Sidonia uix urbe revelli&quot;, quia non uoluntate, sed aut odio aut timore convenerant. {{sc|'''odivm crvdele tyranni'''}} id est crudelis tyranni, et figura est; nam in tyrannum odium iustum est. 

{{ancora+|362|[[Aeneis/Liber I#362|362.]]}} {{sc|'''naves qvae forte paratae'''}}  id est erant. 

{{ancora+|363|[[Aeneis/Liber I#363|363.]]}} {{sc|'''pygmalionis opes'''}}  quas Pygmalion iam suas putabat: unde est in quarto &quot;ulta uirum&quot;. quae enim avaro maior poena, quam pecuniam propter quam deliquerat perdere? remove hoc, et falsum est &quot;ulta uirum&quot;. sciendum autem quod clam tangit historiam. moris enim erat, ut de pecunia publica Phoenices misso a rege auro de peregrinis frumenta conueherent. Dido autem a Pygmalione ad hunc usum paratas naves abstulerat: quam cum fugientem a fratre missi sequerentur, aurum illa praecipitavit in mare, qua re uisa sequentes reversi sunt. licet et alio ordine historia ista narratur. {{sc|'''dvx femina facti'''}} pronuntiandum quasi mirum. 

{{ancora+|365|[[Aeneis/Liber I#365|365.]]}} {{sc|'''devenere locos'''}}  ‘ad’ minus est. {{sc|'''svrgentem'''}} erigentem se, ut &quot;surgentem in cornua ceruum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|366|[[Aeneis/Liber I#366|366.]]}} {{sc|'''novae carthaginis'''}}  Carthago enim est lingua Poenorum nova civitas, ut docet Livius. 

{{ancora+|367|[[Aeneis/Liber I#367|367.]]}} {{sc|'''mercatiqve solvm'''}} , {{sc|'''facti de nomine byrsam'''}} adpulsa ad Libyam Dido cum ab Hiarba pelleretur, petit callide, ut emeret tantum terrae, quantum posset corium bovis tenere. itaque corium in fila propemodum sectum tetendit occupavitque stadia uiginti duo: quam rem leviter tangit Vergilius dicendo ‘facti de nomine Byrsam’ et non ‘tegere’, sed ‘circumdare’. {{sc|'''facti de nomine'''}} id est de causae qualitate, quia byrsa Graece g-corium dicitur. dicendo ergo ‘circumdare’, ostendit corrigiam de corio factam. 

{{ancora+|368|[[Aeneis/Liber I#368|368.]]}} {{sc|'''tergo'''}} pro tergore. 

{{ancora+|369|[[Aeneis/Liber I#369|369.]]}} {{sc|'''sed vos qvi tandem'''}} ? uacat hoc loco ‘tandem’, uel ut aliis uidetur expletiva coniunctio, ut &quot;et quo sub caelo tandem&quot;, ubi ‘tandem’ pro tamen accipiunt. et est naturalis interrogatio qui estis? unde estis? quo itis? sic ipse in octavo licet mutato ordine &quot;quo tenditis, inquit? qui genus? unde domo?&quot; 


{{ancora+|371|[[Aeneis/Liber I#371|371.]]}} {{sc|'''imoqve trahens a pectore vocem'''}}  deest ‘dixit’. et quotiens longe respondet, parenthesis est; quotiens nusquam, ellipsis dicitur, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|372|[[Aeneis/Liber I#372|372.]]}} {{sc|'''o dea'''}}  perseverat in opinione sua, ita tamen, ut et illius orationi aliquando concedat: nam paulo post ait ‘si uestras forte per aures Troiae nomen iit’. aut certe illud est, quia superius dixerat ‘an nympharum sanguinis una’, quae non omnia sciunt; {{sc|'''ab origine'''}} a raptu Helenae. {{sc|'''pergam'''}} perseverem, hoc est universa dicam. 

{{ancora+|373|[[Aeneis/Liber I#373|373.]]}} {{sc|'''annales'''}} inter historiam et annales hoc interest: historia est eorum temporum quae uel uidimus uel uidere potuimus, dicta g-apo g-tou g-historein, id est uidere; annales uero sunt eorum temporum, quae aetas nostra non novit: unde Livius ex annalibus et historia constat. haec tamen confunduntur licenter, ut hoc loco pro historia inquit ‘annales’. ita autem annales conficiebantur: tabulam dealbatam quotannis pontifex maximus habuit, in qua praescriptis consulum nominibus et aliorum magistratuum digna memoratu notare consueverat domi militiaeque terra marique gesta per singulos dies. cuius diligentiae annuos commentarios in octoginta libros ueteres retulerunt, eosque a pontificibus maximis a quibus fiebant annales maximos appellarunt: unde quidam ideo dictum ab Aenea ‘annales’ aiunt, quod et ipse religiosus sit et a poeta tum pontifex inducatur. 

{{ancora+|374|[[Aeneis/Liber I#374|374.]]}} {{sc|'''clavso'''}} more poetico, qui dicunt caelum per noctem claudi, aperiri per diem: unde est &quot;porta tonat caeli&quot; et &quot;considunt tectis bipatentibus&quot;. {{sc|'''componet'''}} finiet, ut &quot;oblato gaudens componi foedere bellum&quot; et &quot;⟨non⟩ nostrum inter uos tantas conponere lites&quot;. alibi pro disponere, ut &quot;nec conponere opes norant&quot;, alibi pro coniungere, ut &quot;conponens manibusque manus&quot;, alibi pro conparare, ut &quot;sic paruis conponere magna solebam&quot;, alibi pro fundare, ut &quot;nunc placida conpostus&quot;. {{sc|'''vesper'''}} proprie stella est, cum autem ‘uesperi’ dicimus, aduerbium temporis est. et sciendum quia omnia nomina, quae de Graecis in -os exeuntibus ad nos transeunt, apud nos aut in us tantum exeunt, ut {{sc|'''deloc'''}} delus, aut in er, ut g-agros ager, aut in utrumque, ut g-evandros evandrus evander 

{{ancora+|375|[[Aeneis/Liber I#375|375.]]}} {{sc|'''troia antiqva'''}}  nobili, venerabili, more suo: alibi &quot;terra antiqua&quot;, id est nobilis; nec enim esse poterat nova. item &quot;templa dei saxo venerabar structa uetusto&quot;. aut certe cara, et hoc ideo, quia dixit ‘quibus aut venistis ab oris’. {{sc|'''si vestras forte per avres'''}} cum apud deam sciat se loqui, cur ait ‘si uestras per aures’? et ‘forte’ hic aliqua ratione. 

{{ancora+|377|[[Aeneis/Liber I#377|377.]]}} {{sc|'''forte sva'''}}  casu suo, id est quo solet. ‘forte’ autem nomen est a nominativo fors, ut Terentius &quot;fors fuat pol&quot;. ipse alibi &quot;quoniam fors omnia uersat&quot;. {{sc|'''libycis'''}} iam scit; audivit enim ‘sed fines Libyci’. {{sc|'''appvlit oris'''}} figura supra dicta. 

{{ancora+|378|[[Aeneis/Liber I#378|378.]]}} {{sc|'''svm pivs aeneas'''}}  non est hoc loco arrogantia, sed indicium. nam scientibus aliquid de se dicere arrogantia est, ignotis indicium. aut certe heroum secutus est morem, quibus quam mentiri turpe fuerat, tam uera reticere. denique Vlixes in Homero ait suam famam ad caelum usque venisse: unde et iste ‘fama super aethera notus’. aut certe uetuste pietatem pro religione posuit. Sallustius in Catilina &quot;uerum illi delubra deum pietate, domus suas gloria decorabant&quot;. Plautus in Pseudolo &quot;non potest pietati obsisti huic ututi res sunt ceterae, deos quidem, quos maxime est aequum metuere, eos minimi facit&quot;. sane ‘pius’ potest esse et purus et innocens et omni carens scelere. piare enim antiqui purgare dicebant; inde etiam piamina, quibus expurgant homines, et qui purgati non sunt impii. {{sc|'''raptos qvi ex hoste penates'''}} hoc est sum pius. {{sc|'''ex hoste penates'''}} optima locutio est, plusque significat de pluralitate ad singularitatem transire, ut ‘venor multis canibus’ et ‘multa cane’. ut Horatius &quot;aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane apros in obstantes plagas&quot;. sane de diis penatibus licet uarias opiniones secutus sit Vergilius, omnes tamen diversis locis complexus est: nam alii, ut Nigidius et Labeo, deos penates Aeneae Neptunum et Apollinem tradunt, quorum mentio fit &quot;taurum Neptuno, taurum tibi, pulcher Apollo&quot;. Varro deos penates quaedam sigilla lignea uel marmorea ab Aenea in Italiam dicit aduecta, cuius rei ita Vergilius meminit &quot;effigies sacrae divum Phrygiique penates, quos mecum a Troia mediisque ex ignibus urbis extuleram&quot;. idem Varro hos deos Dardanum ex Samothraca in Phrygiam, de Phrygia Aeneam in Italiam memorat portavisse. alii autem, ut Cassius Hemina, dicunt deos penates ex Samothraca appellatos g-theous g-megalous, g-theous g-dunatous, g-theous g-chrehstous. quorum diversis locis ita meminit &quot;natoque penatibus et magnis dis&quot;, hoc est g-theous g-megalous, et iterum &quot;Iunonis magnae primum. dominamque potentem&quot; g-tous g-dunatous, et &quot;bona Iuno&quot; g-tous g-chrehstous. ecce ergo diversis locis omnia tria conplexus, quae omnia locis suis dicentur. 


{{ancora+|380|[[Aeneis/Liber I#380|380.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam qvaero'''}}  hoc loco distinguendum est; nam si iunxeris ‘patriam’, non procedit. patria enim, id est civitas, in provincia esse potest, non tamen ut ipsa provincia patria sit: licet in Sallustio lectum sit &quot;Hispaniam sibi antiquam patriam esse&quot;; sed illic ad laudem pertinet, non ad ueritatem. tria ergo dicit: provinciam quaero, hoc est ‘Italiam’; ‘patriam’, hoc est Corythum, Tusciae civitatem, unde Dardanus fuit; ‘genus ab Iove’ ideo, quia ex Electra et Iove Dardanus Iasiusque nati sunt, Dardanus autem auctor est Troiae. et bene ad tria interrogata respondet, qui esset, unde venisset, quo tenderet. alibi de ipsa Italia Aeneas &quot;hic domus, haec patria est&quot;. melius sic distinguitur ‘Italiam quaero patriam et genus ab Iove summo’: ut mihi sit Italia patria, Iovis genus efficit, propter Dardanum scilicet. 

{{ancora+|381|[[Aeneis/Liber I#381|381.]]}} {{sc|'''phrygivm aeqvor'''}}  id est Hellespontum. {{sc|'''conscendi'''}} bene ‘conscendi’ secundum physicos, qui dicunt terram inferiorem esse, quia omne quod continetur supra illud est quod continet: unde est &quot;humilemque uidemus Italiam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|382|[[Aeneis/Liber I#382|382.]]}} {{sc|'''matre dea monstrante viam'''}}  hoc loco per transitum tangit historiam, quam per legem artis poeticae aperte non potest ponere. nam Varro in secundo divinarum dicit &quot;ex quo de Troia est egressus Aeneas, Veneris eum per diem cotidie stellam uidisse, donec ad agrum Laurentem veniret, in quo eam non uidit ulterius: qua re terras cognovit esse fatales&quot;: unde Vergilius hoc loco ‘matre dea monstrante uiam’ et &quot;eripe, nate, fugam&quot;, item &quot;nusquam abero&quot; et &quot;descendo ac ducente deo&quot; et &quot;iamque iugis summae surgebat lucifer Idae&quot;. quam stellam Veneris esse ipse Vergilius ostendit &quot;qualis ubi Oceani perfusus Lucifer unda, quem Venus ante alios astrorum diligit ignes&quot;. quod autem diximus eum poetica arte prohiberi, ne aperte ponat historiam, certum est. Lucanus namque ideo in numero poetarum esse non meruit, quia uidetur historiam composuisse, non poema. {{sc|'''data fata secvtvs'''}} scilicet a Iove. 

{{ancora+|383|[[Aeneis/Liber I#383|383.]]}} {{sc|'''convvlsae vndis evroqve svpersvnt'''}}  aut ‘conuulsae undis Euroque’, aut ‘supersunt undis Euroque’. ‘conuulsae’ autem ideo, quia habes supra &quot;laxis laterum compagibus&quot; 

{{ancora+|384|[[Aeneis/Liber I#384|384.]]}} {{sc|'''ignotvs'''}} deest ‘quasi’; nam contrarium est quod dixit ‘fama super aethera notus’. facit autem hoc frequenter Vergilius, ut hanc particulam subtrahat, ut &quot;at medias inter caedes exultat Amazon&quot;, quasi Amazon; nam Vulsca fuit. {{sc|'''peragro'''}} per habet accentum; nam ‘a’ longa quidem est, sed non solida positione; muta enim et liquida quotiens ponuntur metrum iuvant, non accentum. 

{{ancora+|385|[[Aeneis/Liber I#385|385.]]}} {{sc|'''evropa atqve asia pvlsvs'''}}  aut orbem in tres partes divisit et absolutum est, quia in Africa positus, quae orbis pars tertia est: aut si Europam tantum et Asiam intellegimus, ut Africa in Europa sit, inuidiose locutus est, ut supra Venus &quot;cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis&quot;, quasi cum indignatione dicat, per Troiam Asia careo, per Italiam Europa. denique non passa Venus eius interrupit querelas. sane Europa Agenoris filia, a qua pars orbis nominata est. 

{{ancora+|386|[[Aeneis/Liber I#386|386.]]}} {{sc|'''dolore est'''}}  aut narrantis Aeneae, aut certe suo dolore; aequum enim est malis filii etiam ipsam moveri. 

{{ancora+|387|[[Aeneis/Liber I#387|387.]]}} {{sc|'''qvisqvis es'''}}  pleraque per concessionem sic tradit poeta, ut augmentum faciat. sicut hoc loco audiverat Venus ‘sum pius Aeneas, fama super aethera notus’ et cetera, dicit tamen ‘quisquis es’, hoc est, etiamsi haec in te non sint, hinc tamen constat esse felicem, quod venisti Carthaginem. item in secundo &quot;quisquis es, amissos hinc iam obliviscere Graios&quot;, hoc est, qualibet ratione contra nos bella susceperis. {{sc|'''havd credo invisvs caelestibvs'''}} litotes figura per contrarium significans, id est credo te esse carissimum superis: ut alibi &quot;munera nec sperno&quot;, supra &quot;mihi iussa capessere fas est&quot;. ‘caelestibus’ autem secundum Pythagoram et praecipue Platonem dixit, qui confirmant uivos esse superis caros, mortuos uero inferis. unde et Vergilius de Pallante &quot;et nil iam caelestibus ullis debentem&quot;, item contra &quot;uos o mihi manes este boni, quoniam superis aversa uoluntas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|388|[[Aeneis/Liber I#388|388.]]}} {{sc|'''avras vitales carpis'''}}  quibus uivimus. nihil est enim aliud uita, quam reciprocus spiritus: unde et Iuppiter, quo constant omnia, Zeus uocatur g-apo g-tehs g-zohes, id est uita. {{sc|'''carpis'''}} accipis modo, ut &quot;et placidam carpebant membra quietem&quot;. {{sc|'''tyriam'''}} carthaginem a colonis. {{sc|'''adveneris vrbem'''}} hysterologia ut supra, hoc est ad urbem veneris. {{sc|'''perge modo'''}} tantummodo: hoc est, haec tibi sola sit cura, nam liberatae sunt naves. 

{{ancora+|389|[[Aeneis/Liber I#389|389.]]}} {{sc|'''perfer'''}} imperativus modus est, ut &quot;fer cineres Amarylli foras&quot;. 


{{ancora+|390|[[Aeneis/Liber I#390|390.]]}} {{sc|'''redvces'''}} proprie ‘reduces’ dicuntur qui pericula evadunt: sic infra &quot;ut reduces illi ludunt&quot;, scilicet post periculum inlatum ab aquila. 

{{ancora+|391|[[Aeneis/Liber I#391|391.]]}} {{sc|'''versis aqvilonibvs'''}}  aut speciem pro genere posuit, hoc est mutatis uentis, aut quia, postquam ad Africam iter uerterunt, aduersus ante Aquilo coepit esse prosperrimus. 

{{ancora+|392|[[Aeneis/Liber I#392|392.]]}} {{sc|'''ni frvstra avgvrivm vani docvere parentes'''}}  hoc ad confirmandum errorem Aeneae dixit, ne divinando dea esse crederetur. et est argumentum ad fallaciam, ne intellegat deam. quod autem dicit ‘uani parentes’, aut hypallage est, id est uanum augurium, ut &quot;dare classibus austros&quot; et &quot;ibant obscuri sola sub nocte&quot; pro ipsi soli per obscuram noctem; aut certe ‘uani parentes’ qui res falsas et inanes docent. et per hoc decipere plerumque ostendit auguria. multi uolunt ad nimium hoc amorem parentum referri, qui teneritudine affectus etiam superflua liberos docent. quidam ‘uani’ mendaces tradunt. Sallustius in Iugurtha &quot;nam ego quidem uellem et haec quae scribo et illa quae antea in senatu questus sum uana forent potius, quam miseria mea fidem uerbis faceret&quot;. Terentius in Phormione ubi adulescens lenonem mendacii arguit &quot;non te pudet uanitatis?&quot; 

{{ancora+|393|[[Aeneis/Liber I#393|393.]]}} {{sc|'''bis senos cycnos'''}}  cycnos navibus comparat, aquilam tempestati. in auguriis autem considerandae sunt non solum aves, sed etiam uolatus, ut in praepetibus, et cantus, ut in oscinibus, quia nec omnes nec omnibus dant auguria: ut columbae non nisi regibus dant, quia numquam singulae uolant, sicut rex numquam solus incedit; unde in sexto &quot;maternas agnovit aves&quot; per transitum ostendit regis augurium. item cycni nullis dant nisi nautis, sicut lectum est in ornithogonia, &quot;cycnus in auguriis nautis gratissimus ales: hunc optant semper, quia numquam mergitur undis&quot;. cycnos tamen habere divinationem etiam Cicero in Tusculanis libro primo docet &quot;ut cycni, qui non sine causa Apollini dicati sunt, sed quod ab eo divinationem habere uideantur&quot;. {{sc|'''laetantes'''}} post periculum. {{sc|'''agmine'''}} uolatu, impetu. agmen autem apud Vergilium est cuiuslibet rei impetus, ut &quot;illi agmine certo&quot; et &quot;uocat agmina saeva sororum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|394|[[Aeneis/Liber I#394|394.]]}} {{sc|'''aetheria'''}} aether altior est aere, uicinus caelo, g-apo g-tou g-aithein, id est ardere. {{sc|'''iovis ales'''}} aquila, quae in tutela Iovis est, quia dicitur dimicanti ei contra Gigantes fulmina ministrasse: quod ideo fingitur, quia per naturam nimii est caloris, adeo ut etiam ova quibus supersidet possit coquere, nisi admoveat gagaten lapidem frigidissimum, ut testatur Lucanus &quot;feta tepefacta sub alite saxa&quot;. aut quia nec aquila nec laurus dicitur fulminari, ideo Iovis ales aquila, Iovis coronam lauream accepimus, et qui triumphant lauro coronantur. sane alites proprie dicuntur aves, quae uolatu auspicia faciunt, buteo sanqualis inmussulus aquila uulturius. sane de aquila est et alia fabula. apud Graecos legitur, puerum quendam terra editum admodum pulchrum membris omnibus fuisse, qui g-Aetos sit uocatus. hic cum Iuppiter propter patrem Saturnum, qui suos filios devorabat, in Creta insula in Idaeo antro nutriretur, primus in obsequium Iovis se dedit, post uero cum adolevisset Iuppiter et patrem regno pepulisset, Iuno permota forma pueri uelut paelicatus dolore eum in avem uertit, quae ab ipso g-aetos dicitur Graece, a nobis aquila propter aquilum colorem, qui ater est. quam semper Iuppiter sibi inhaerere praecipit et fulmina gestare: per hanc etiam Ganymedes cum amaretur a Iove dicitur raptus, quos Iuppiter inter sidera collocavit. et quia aquilae haec est natura, ut solem recto lumine spectet, signum quoque aquilae, quod in caelo est, orientem semper solem uidetur adtendere. alii dicunt ab hac avi Iovem raptum et ad latebras Cretenses perlatum, cum a Saturno ubique quaereretur. ipsam etiam Iovi, cum aduersus Titanas bellum gereret, obuolasse in augurium ac statim uictoriam consecutam, et ideo inter sidera collocatam. 

{{ancora+|395|[[Aeneis/Liber I#395|395.]]}} {{sc|'''ordine longo'''}}  non nulli pro serie dictum accipiunt, nam et ‘coetu cinxere polum’ uidetur ad ordinem rettulisse: quamuis quidam quaerant, quomodo ‘ordine’, cum mox ‘coetu’ dicat. 

{{ancora+|396|[[Aeneis/Liber I#396|396.]]}} {{sc|'''capere'''}} eligere, ut &quot;ante locum capies oculis&quot;. {{sc|'''despectare'''}} id est electas iam intentius despicere. 

{{ancora+|397|[[Aeneis/Liber I#397|397.]]}} {{sc|'''stridentibvs alis'''}}  signum augurii est. 

{{ancora+|398|[[Aeneis/Liber I#398|398.]]}} {{sc|'''coetv'''}} dicit Plinius Secundus in naturali historia, omnes aves colli longioris aut recto ordine uolare, ut pondus capitis praecedentis cauda sustentet: unde et prima plerumque deficiens relicto loco incipit esse postrema: aut in coetu se omnes inuicem sustinere; neque enim huiusmodi aves semel ad inferiora descendunt, sed paulatim per reflexos in gyrum uolatus. hoc autem uolatu imitantur litteras quasdam: unde et Lucanus &quot;et turbata perit dispersis littera pennis&quot;. {{sc|'''cantvsqve dedere'''}} adlusit ad nautas. multi tamen adserunt cycnos inter augurales aves non inveniri neque auguralibus commentariis eorum nomen inlatum, sed in libris reconditis lectum esse, posse quamlibet avem auspicium adtestari, maxime quia non poscatur. hoc enim interest inter augurium et auspicium, quod augurium et petitur et certis avibus ostenditur, auspicium qualibet avi demonstratur et non petitur: quod ipsum tamen species augurii est. sed Vergilius amat secretiora dicere; nam totum morem augurum exsecutus est proprietate uerborum. alites enim ostendit cum ait ‘stridentibus alis’, oscines uero cum dicit ‘et coetu cinxere polum cantusque dedere’. hoc idem et de columbis fecit; nam et haec inter augurales aves dicuntur non inveniri, et tamen ex his augurium et postulari facit et ostendi: &quot;este duces o, si qua uia est, cursumque per auras dirigite in lucos&quot; et cetera. 

{{ancora+|399|[[Aeneis/Liber I#399|399.]]}} {{sc|'''pvppesqve tvae pvbesqve tvorvm'''}}  tropus synecdoche: a parte totum significat, ut Terentius &quot;o lepidum caput&quot;, id est lepidus homo. ‘pubes’ autem flos iuventutis. 


{{ancora+|400|[[Aeneis/Liber I#400|400.]]}} {{sc|'''ostia'''}} proprie ostia dicuntur exitus fluminum, sed modo abusus est, quia plerumque ostia ipsa pro portu sunt. 

{{ancora+|401|[[Aeneis/Liber I#401|401.]]}} {{sc|'''perge modo'''}}  exhortatio ad facilitatem rei. {{sc|'''dvcit via'''}} pro ‘haec uia’: et uidetur demonstrare. 

{{ancora+|402|[[Aeneis/Liber I#402|402.]]}} {{sc|'''avertens'''}} ‘se’ subaudis, hoc est cum averteretur, ut &quot;tum prora avertit&quot;. {{sc|'''rosea'''}} pulchra. 

{{ancora+|403|[[Aeneis/Liber I#403|403.]]}} {{sc|'''ambrosiaeqve comae'''}}  aut unguento deorum oblitae, hoc est ambrosia, aut certe abusive dixit ‘divinae comae’. {{sc|'''ambrosiaeqve comae divinvm vertice odorem'''}} est hypallage, ut sit divinae comae ambrosiae odorem spiravere. 

{{ancora+|404|[[Aeneis/Liber I#404|404.]]}} {{sc|'''spiravere'''}} exhalaverunt. {{sc|'''vestis deflvxit'''}} quia dixit supra &quot;sinus collecta fluentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|405|[[Aeneis/Liber I#405|405.]]}} {{sc|'''vera'''}} bene ‘uera’ de qua ante dubitabatur. {{sc|'''incessv'''}} hoc uerbum apud Vergilium saepe pro honore ponitur, ut &quot;ast ego quae divum incedo regina&quot; et mox &quot;forma pulcherrima Dido incessit&quot;. {{sc|'''matrem agnovit'''}} nunc matrem agnoscit; nam deam esse iam superius dixerat. 

{{ancora+|406|[[Aeneis/Liber I#406|406.]]}} {{sc|'''fvgientem'''}} celeriter abscedentem, ut alibi &quot;ad terram fugit&quot;. {{sc|'''voce'''}} pro oratione. 

{{ancora+|407|[[Aeneis/Liber I#407|407.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid natvm totiens'''}}  saepe. et aut kata to siopomenon intellegimus saepe eum esse delusum; aut certe secundum ipsum Vergilium, qui ait in secundo &quot;cum mihi se non ante oculis tam clara uidendam obtulit&quot;. multi tamen uolunt in hoc ipso loco saepe eum esse deceptum, ut in habitu, in interrogatione, in responsione, in auguriis. uel ‘totiens crudelis’, quotiens fallis aut dissimulas. {{sc|'''tv qvoqve'''}} sicut Iuno ceterique dii, qui Troianis inimici sunt; quos et in secundo libro ostendit, ubi ait &quot;inimicaque Troiae numina magna deum&quot;. {{sc|'''falsis lvdis imaginibvs'''}} ideo quia uirginem, quia venatricem, quia Tyriam se dixerat. 

{{ancora+|408|[[Aeneis/Liber I#408|408.]]}} {{sc|'''cvr dextrae ivngere dextram'''}}  maiorum enim haec fuerat salutatio, cuius rei g-aition, id est causam Varro, Callimachum secutus, exposuit, adserens &quot;omnem eorum honorem dexterarum constitisse uirtute&quot;. ob quam rem hac se venerabantur corporis parte. 

{{ancora+|409|[[Aeneis/Liber I#409|409.]]}} {{sc|'''veras avdire et reddere voces'''}} ? sunt multae reciprocae elocutiones, ut hoc loco; sunt multae unius partis utrique sufficientes, ut ‘tenemur amicitiis’, ridiculum enim est si addas ‘mutuis’, cum amicitiae utrumque significent, sicut Fronto testatur. item sunt elocutiones, quarum una pars plena est: quae si conuertantur, habent aliquid superfluum. in Sallustio &quot;in tugurio mulieris ancillae&quot;: bene addidit ‘ancillae’. at si dicas ‘in tugurio ancillae mulieris’, erit superfluum ‘mulieris’; ancilla enim et condicionem ostendit et sexum. item &quot;res erat praetoribus nota solis&quot;. hoc suffecerat. male ergo addidit &quot;ignorabatur a ceteris&quot;. quod si conuertas, nihil esse superfluum invenitur. 


{{ancora+|410|[[Aeneis/Liber I#410|410.]]}} {{sc|'''talibvs incvsat'''}}  incusare proprie est superiorem arguere, ut in Terentio pater ad filium &quot;quid me incusas Clitipho?&quot; accusare uero uel parem uel inferiorem, ut in eodem ad maritum uxor &quot;me miseram, quae nunc quam ob causam accuser nescio&quot;. et hoc proprietatis est, licet usus male ista corrumpat. sciendum tamen est Terentium propter solam proprietatem omnibus comicis esse praepositum, quibus est quantum ad cetera spectat inferior. 

{{ancora+|411|[[Aeneis/Liber I#411|411.]]}} {{sc|'''at venvs'''}}  ordo est ‘at Venus dea’. {{sc|'''obscvro aere'''}} nebula, cuius definitio est. 

{{ancora+|412|[[Aeneis/Liber I#412|412.]]}} {{sc|'''circvm dea fvdit'''}}  figura est tmesis, quae fit cum secto uno sermone aliquid interponimus, ut alibi &quot;septem subiecta trioni&quot;. sed hoc tolerabile est in sermone conposito, ceterum in simplici nimis est asperum; quod tamen faciebat antiquitas, ut &quot;saxo cere comminuit brum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|413|[[Aeneis/Liber I#413|413.]]}} {{sc|'''cernere ne qvis eos'''}}  causa cur fecerit. ex hoc enim pendent cetera quae sequuntur. 

{{ancora+|414|[[Aeneis/Liber I#414|414.]]}} {{sc|'''moliri'''}} hic pro struere posuit et per hoc facere, ut infra &quot;molirique arcem&quot;. {{sc|'''avt veniendi poscere cavsas'''}} scilicet ne saepe narrando crebrum patiatur dolorem. unde melius ad Aeneam refertur &quot;medio sic interfata dolore est&quot;. ‘poscere’ autem nunc inquirere, alias petere. et praeponitur magis accusativo casui, dicimus enim posco magistrum lectionem, non a magistro posco. 

{{ancora+|415|[[Aeneis/Liber I#415|415.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa paphvm'''}}  civitatem Cypri. et non sine ratione est quod in decimo libro plura sibi loca grata uel sacrata commemoret, hic ad Paphum solam abisse dicatur, quia Varro et plures referunt in hoc tantum templo Veneris quibusuis maximis in circuitu pluviis numquam inpluere. {{sc|'''svblimis'''}} divino incessu. {{sc|'''svblimis'''}} id est sublimiter, nomen pro aduerbio. 

{{ancora+|416|[[Aeneis/Liber I#416|416.]]}} {{sc|'''laeta'''}} ecce proprium Veneris epitheton. uel ‘laeta’, quia tectum nebula filium in tuto habebat, uel quod insulam suam repetat; uel ideo Paphum revisit laeta, quia serenis laeta congruunt, et necesse est ut laeta sit Venus ubi semper serenum est, quippe ubi pluere numquam dicatur. {{sc|'''sabaeo'''}} arabico. Arabiae autem tres sunt, inferior petrodes eudemon, in qua populi sunt Sabaei, apud quos nascitur tus. dicti autem Sabaei g-apo g-tou g-sebein, id est venerari, quod deos per ipsorum tura veneramur. 

{{ancora+|417|[[Aeneis/Liber I#417|417.]]}} {{sc|'''tvre calent arae sertisqve recentibvs halant'''}}  ecce unde supra dixit &quot;haud equidem tali me dignor honore&quot;, quia Aeneas hostias obtulerat, quarum hic mentio non fit. quod autem ‘recentibus’ dixit laus loci est, qui semper flore uestitur, ut omni tempore Veneri flores praesto esse uideantur. {{sc|'''sertis'''}} sertum et serta cum nihil adicitur dicimus, ut hoc loco: item alibi expressius &quot;serta procul, tantum capiti delapsa, iacebant&quot;. si autem sertos dixero, addo flores, si sertas, addo coronas, ut Lucanus &quot;accipiunt sertas nardo florente coronas&quot;. et hoc in multis nominibus observandum est, ut genus ex adiectione formetur: qua detracta in neutrum cedat necesse est, ut piscinalis locus, piscinalis cella, piscinale; sagmarius mulus, sagmaria mula, sagmarium. {{sc|'''halant'''}} pro olent. 

{{ancora+|418|[[Aeneis/Liber I#418|418.]]}} {{sc|'''corripvere viam'''}}  deest ‘at illi’. {{sc|'''corripvere viam'''}} officium eundi celeriter arripuerunt; nec enim uia corripitur. 

{{ancora+|419|[[Aeneis/Liber I#419|419.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi plvrimvs'''}}  ex maxima parte urbi inminens. {{sc|'''qvi plvrimvs'''}} id est longus, ut ipse alio loco &quot;cui plurima ceruix&quot;, item &quot;cum se nux plurima&quot;, id est amygdala; longa namque est. 


{{ancora+|420|[[Aeneis/Liber I#420|420.]]}} {{sc|'''aspectat'''}} est ornatus cum animantur apsucha. {{sc|'''aspectat'''}} rei insensibili dat sensum. unde est illud in quarto de Atlante. item Sallustius &quot;Lyciae Pisidiaeque agros despectantem&quot;. {{sc|'''arces'''}} civitates, a parte totum. 

{{ancora+|421|[[Aeneis/Liber I#421|421.]]}} {{sc|'''miratvr molem aeneas'''}}  hoc ad ipsum refertur, {{sc|'''magalia qvondam'''}} hoc ad poetam; nec enim hoc novit Aeneas. ‘magalia’ uero antistoechon est; nam debuit magaria dicere, quia magar, non magal Poenorum lingua uillam significat. Cato originum quarto &quot;magalia aedificia quasi cohortes rotundas&quot; dicit. alii magalia casas Poenorum pastorales dicunt. de his Sallustius &quot;quae mapalia&quot; sunt circumiecta civitati suburbana aedificia magalia. et alii Cassius Hemina docet ita &quot;Sinuessae magalia addenda murumque circum ea&quot;. 

{{ancora+|422|[[Aeneis/Liber I#422|422.]]}} {{sc|'''miratvr portas strepitvmqve e'''}} - S- V- quidam hoc ‘portas et uias magalia quondam miratur’ non simpliciter dictum uolunt, quoniam prudentes Etruscae disciplinae aiunt apud conditores Etruscarum urbium non putatas iustas urbes, in quibus non tres portae essent dedicatae et tot uiae et tot templa, Iovis Iunonis Minervae. bene ergo miratur Aeneas, ubi fuerant magalia illic esse legitimam civitatem; nam et portas et uias uidebat et mox templum Iunoni ingens. {{sc|'''strata viarvm'''}} primi enim Poeni uias lapidibus stravisse dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|423|[[Aeneis/Liber I#423|423.]]}} {{sc|'''ardentes'''}} multi ‘festinantes’, ut &quot;iuvenum manus emicat ardens&quot; et &quot;ardet abire fuga&quot; et &quot;Laocoon ardens&quot;; sic enim dicit quotiens properantes uult ostendere: alii ardentes ‘ingeniosi’ accipiunt; nam per contrarium segnem, id est sine igni, ingenio carentem dicimus: unde et a Graeco venit catus, id est ingeniosus g-apo g-tou g-kaiesthai. {{sc|'''dvcere mvros'''}} exaedificare. {{sc|'''dvcere mvros'''}} hoc est construendo in longitudinem producere; proprie enim cum aedificantur muri duci dicuntur. Sallustius historiarum II. &quot;murum ab angulo dexteri lateris ad paludem haud procul remotam duxit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|424|[[Aeneis/Liber I#424|424.]]}} {{sc|'''moliriqve arcem'''}}  molibus factis extollere. {{sc|'''moliri'''}} est extruere, huic contrarium demoliri. {{sc|'''et manibvs svbvolvere saxa'''}} cur manibus? an quia adhuc machinae non erant? an ad construentium festinationem referre uoluit? 

{{ancora+|425|[[Aeneis/Liber I#425|425.]]}} {{sc|'''optare'''}} eligere, ut &quot;tuus o regina quid optes&quot;. et &quot;optavitque locum regno&quot;. {{sc|'''tecto'''}} ad tectum nota figura. {{sc|'''svlco'''}} fossa: civitas enim, non domus circumdatur sulco: ut alibi &quot;ausim uel tenui uitem committere sulco&quot;. {{sc|'''svlco'''}} fossa fundamentorum. 

{{ancora+|426|[[Aeneis/Liber I#426|426.]]}} {{sc|'''legvnt'''}} eligunt. {{sc|'''ivra'''}} id est loca ubi iura dicantur aut magistratus creentur. et bene post conditam civitatem addidit ‘iura’ et ‘magistratus’ ‘sanctumque senatum’. legitur apud quosdam, Brutum eos qui se in eiciendis regibus iuvissent legisse in consilium, eumque ordinem senatum appellatum, quod una sensissent, quod patricii essent, patres conscriptos. alii patres a plebe in consilium senatus separatos tradunt, alii conscriptos qui post a Seruio Tullio e plebe electi sunt. alii senatum a senectute hominum, quibi allecti erant, dictum uolunt, qui apud Graecos g-gerousia appellatur. ‘sanctum’ autem ideo quia senatus sanctissimus ordo dicitur. 

{{ancora+|427|[[Aeneis/Liber I#427|427.]]}} {{sc|'''portvs effodivnt'''}}  id est Cothona faciunt. {{sc|'''portvs effodivnt'''}} ut portus scilicet faciant. et uere ait, nam Carthaginienses Cothone fossa utuntur, non naturali portu. {{sc|'''alta theatri fvndamenta'''}} hinc futura magnitudo cognoscitur, quod ‘alta fundamenta’ ait. bene autem post res publicas privatasque necessarias mentionem fecit theatri; aut quia ita Graecis urbs conditur, qui saepe spectaculis gaudent, aut, ut apud quosdam fuit, in honorem musicae scientiae. 

{{ancora+|428|[[Aeneis/Liber I#428|428.]]}} {{sc|'''colvmnas'''}} figurate ‘columnas’ ‘decora’ ait; diversis enim significationibus idem dixit. et ab eo quod est hoc decus corripitur decoris. 


{{ancora+|430|[[Aeneis/Liber I#430|430.]]}} {{sc|'''qvalis apes'''}}  ordo est ‘qualis labor’. {{sc|'''qvalis apes'''}} tertiae declinationis genetivus pluralis et in ‘ium’ et in ‘um’ exit, sed tunc pro nostro arbitrio cum nominativus singularis ‘ns’ fuerit terminatus, ut amans et amantum et amantium dicimus. cum autem nominativus singularis ‘r’ fuerit terminatus, tantum in ‘um’ exit, ut pater patrum, murmur murmurum. reliqua uero nomina auctoritate firmamus, ut apis uel apum, uel apium. sane fabula de apibus talis est. apud Isthmon anus quaedam nomine Melissa fuit. hanc Ceres sacrorum suorum cum secreta docuisset, interminata est, ne cui ea quae didicisset aperiret; sed cum ad eam mulieres accessissent, ut ab ea primo blandimentis post precibus et praemiis elicerent, ut sibi a Cerere commissa patefaceret, atque in silentio perduraret, ab eisdem iratis mulieribus discerpta est. quam rem Ceres inmissa tam supra dictis feminis quam populo eius regionis pestilentia ulta est; de corpore uero Melissae apes nasci fecit. Latine autem g-melissa apis dicitur. {{sc|'''aestate nova'''}} incipiente, ut &quot;uere novo&quot;. et bene ‘nova’, quia est et adulta et praeceps secundum Sallustium. {{sc|'''florea'''}} pro florida, ut &quot;nemora inter frondea turbam&quot;. aut florentia, nec enim de flore erant facta: floream coronam dicimus. {{sc|'''rvra'''}} graece g-aroura dicuntur. g-aphaeresis ergo sermonem fecit Latinum. 

{{ancora+|431|[[Aeneis/Liber I#431|431.]]}} {{sc|'''exercet'''}} fatigat, ut &quot;nate Iliacis exercite fatis&quot;. hoc autem participium ab exercitu, id est militum multitudine, declinatione discernimus; nam nomen quartae declinationis est, participium secundae, ut uisus, huius uisi uel uisus; passus, huius passi uel passus; auditus, huius auditi uel auditus. {{sc|'''exercet'''}} fatigat et subiecit, quibus rebus exercitae fatigentur. {{sc|'''svb sole'''}} in sole, ut &quot;namque sub ingenti lustrat dum singula templo&quot;, uel quamdiu sol est. {{sc|'''gentis fetvs'''}} ad laudem apum hoc pertinet. et bene ‘gentis fetus’, quia non singulae de singulis nascuntur, sed omnes ex omnibus, quod in quarto georgicorum melius intellegitur. 

{{ancora+|432|[[Aeneis/Liber I#432|432.]]}} {{sc|'''advltos edvcvnt'''}}  producunt, quia adhuc adolescunt, ut adulti fiant, non adoleverint, ut adultos dicimus minores: et hoc sic dixit, ut &quot;inbellem avertis Romanis arcibus Indum&quot;. {{sc|'''liqventia'''}} defaecata, sine sordibus, ut &quot;nec tantum dulcia, quantum et liquida&quot;, id est pura: nam pura mella constat esse meliora. 

{{ancora+|433|[[Aeneis/Liber I#433|433.]]}} {{sc|'''stipant'''}} densent. translatio a navibus, in quibus stipula interponitur uasis, quam stipam dicunt. {{sc|'''distendvnt'''}} implent, ut &quot;denso distendere pingui&quot;. {{sc|'''nectare'''}} melle: abusus est propter suavitatis similitudinem. {{sc|'''cellas'''}} et hic abusus est, ut favorum cavernas uel aluearia cellas uocaret, ut alibi thesauros. traxit autem a reponendi similitudine, uel a celando, unde cellam appellaverunt. {{sc|'''agmine'''}} nunc impetu. 

{{ancora+|435|[[Aeneis/Liber I#435|435.]]}} {{sc|'''ignavvm'''}} inutile, non aptum industriae; nam industrios navos dicimus. {{sc|'''fvcos'''}} secundum Plinium apum multa sunt genera. proprie tamen apes uocantur ortae de bubus, fuci de equis, crabrones de mulis, uespae de asinis. fucus autem est secundum Aemilium Macrum &quot;maior ape, crabrone minor&quot;. {{sc|'''pecvs'''}} dicimus omne quod humana lingua et effigie caret, id est a pascendo. unde Horatius &quot;omne cum Proteus pecus egit altos uisere montes&quot;. Plautus &quot;clurinum pecus&quot; simiam dixit. {{sc|'''praesepibvs'''}} alueariis. et est translatio, quae fit quotiens uel deest uerborum proprietas, uel uitatur iteratio. 

{{ancora+|436|[[Aeneis/Liber I#436|436.]]}} {{sc|'''fervet'''}} concelebratur, ut contra ‘friget’ cessat dicimus, ut Terentius &quot;nimirum hic homines frigent&quot;. {{sc|'''redolent'''}} quidam olere res uel malas uel bonas, redolere tantum bonas tradunt. {{sc|'''fragrantia'''}} quotiens incendium significatur, quod flatu alitur, per ‘l’ dicimus, quotiens odor, qui fracta specie maior est, per ‘r’ dicimus. sciendum sane nihil in hac uacare conparatione. nam Poenorum operi apum labor, custodiae litorum aduersum alienigenas fucorum conparatur expulsio. 

{{ancora+|437|[[Aeneis/Liber I#437|437.]]}} {{sc|'''o fortvnati qvorvm iam moenia svrgvnt'''}}  bene ‘fortunati’, quia iam faciunt quod ipse desiderat. {{sc|'''o fortvnati'''}} expressit Aeneae desiderium. {{sc|'''qvorvm iam moenia svrgvnt'''}} laus uel ab ipsa re sumitur quae laudatur. 

{{ancora+|438|[[Aeneis/Liber I#438|438.]]}} {{sc|'''fastigia'''}} nunc operis summitates, alibi ima significat, ut &quot;forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras&quot;. {{sc|'''svspicit'''}} miratur, ut e contrario ‘despicit’ contemnit significat. 

{{ancora+|439|[[Aeneis/Liber I#439|439.]]}} {{sc|'''mirabile dictv'''}}  ob hoc quod sequitur, quia mixtus cunctis latebat. potest tamen hoc et superiori et inferiori sensui addi. 


{{ancora+|440|[[Aeneis/Liber I#440|440.]]}} {{sc|'''per medios'''}}  figura est; nam planum fuerat ‘mediis se infert’. {{sc|'''miscetqve'''}} deest ‘se’. {{sc|'''neqve cernitvr vlli'''}} neque ab ullo cernitur; et est Graecum g-oudeni g-horohmenos, ut &quot;scriberis Vario&quot;, id est scribet te Varius. 

{{ancora+|441|[[Aeneis/Liber I#441|441.]]}} {{sc|'''lvcvs'''}} ubicumque Vergilius lucum ponit, sequitur etiam consecratio, ut &quot;luco tum forte parentis Pilumni Turnus sacrata ualle sedebat&quot;. unde et in sexto &quot;nulli certa domus, lucis habitamus opacis&quot;; dicuntur enim heroum animae lucos tenere. et mox sequitur ‘hic templum Iunoni ingens’. ‘lucus’ autem dicitur quod non luceat, non quod sint ibi lumina causa religionis, ut quidam uolunt. {{sc|'''in vrbe fvit media'''}} nunc iam in media. {{sc|'''laetissimvs vmbra'''}} aut septimus est, aut secundum Probum genetivus, ut sit ‘laetissimus umbrae’, sicut Sallustius &quot;frugum pabulique laetus ager&quot;. 

{{ancora+|442|[[Aeneis/Liber I#442|442.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo primvm'''}}  hoc est, simulac venerunt; nec enim secundo ad Africam uentum est. ordo est ‘quo primum loco’. 

{{ancora+|443|[[Aeneis/Liber I#443|443.]]}} {{sc|'''effodere loco signvm'''}}  historia hoc habet, quam more suo Vergilius per transitum tangit. Dido fratrem fugiens cum transiret per quandam insulam Iunonis, illic accepit oraculum et sacerdotem eius secum abstulit, cum ei parum crederet promittenti Carthaginis sedes. quo cum venissent, sacerdos elegit locum faciendae urbi, quo effosso inuentum est caput bovis. quod cum displicuisset, quia bos semper subiugatus est, alio loco effosso caput equi inuentum placuit, quia hoc animal licet subiugetur, bellicosum tamen est et uincit et plerumque concordat, ut ipse plenissime in illo loco &quot;bello armantur equi, bellum haec armenta minantur. sed tamen idem olim curru succedere sueti quadrupedes et frena iugo concordia ferre: spes est pacis ait&quot;. illic ergo Iunoni templa fecerunt. unde et bellicosa est Carthago per equi omen, et fertilis per bovis. sane fodere est tantum sollicitare terram, effodere hoc ipsum faciendo aliquid eruere uel invenire: cui contrarium est infodere. ordo autem est ‘lucus in urbe fuit media laetissimus umbra, quo loco iactati Poeni undis et turbine effodere caput acris equi, quod regia Iuno signum monstraverat’. {{sc|'''regia'''}} regina. 

{{ancora+|444|[[Aeneis/Liber I#444|444.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod regia ivno monstrarat'''}}  monstro dederat. et ut diximus tangit historiam. {{sc|'''acris eqvi'''}} epitheton magis aptum equis, ut &quot;canibus blandis&quot;, quia natura blandi sunt. 

{{ancora+|445|[[Aeneis/Liber I#445|445.]]}} {{sc|'''et facilem victv'''}}  propter bovem: quod licet nunc non dicat, tamen ex historia sumit. ‘facilem’ autem, copiosam, divitem. Terentius &quot;quam uos facillime agitis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|446|[[Aeneis/Liber I#446|446.]]}} {{sc|'''hic templvm ivnoni ingens'''}}  superius dictum est quod Vergilius ubique lucos consecratos uelit accipi, unde tamquam in loco sacro inducit Didonem Iunoni templa construere. morem autem Romanum ueterem tangit: antiqui enim aedes sacras ita templa faciebant, ut prius per augures locus liberaretur effareturque, tum demum a pontificibus consecraretur, ac post ibidem sacra edicerentur. erant tamen templa in quibus auspicato et publice res administrarentur et senatus haberi posset, erant tantum sacra. hic ergo et sacrum templum, quod in luco, id est in loco sacro conditur, docet, et administrari in templo rem publicam subsequentibus uersibus indicat ‘iura dabat legesque uiris operumque laborem p- a- i- a- s- t-’ alibi tantum sacra esse templa, alibi omnia ubi agi posse, locis suis monstrabitur. {{sc|'''sidonia'''}} licet ⟨et⟩ Sidon civitas sit Phoenices, tamen hic pro Tyria posuit. sane quidam opportune hic Sidoniam uolunt positam, ut ostenderet locupletem: Sidonii enim locupletes habiti sunt, ut &quot;Sidonias ostentat opes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|447|[[Aeneis/Liber I#447|447.]]}} {{sc|'''donis opvlentvm et nvmine divae'''}}  aut simulacrum quoque aureum fuit et numen pro simulacro posuit, ut &quot;media inter numina divum&quot;. hinc Cicero &quot;sese iam ne deos quidem ad quos confugerent habere&quot;; aut uult ostendere plenum esse praesentia numinis templum: aut certe venerabile numine. 

{{ancora+|448|[[Aeneis/Liber I#448|448.]]}} {{sc|'''aerea'''}} uel quod aes magis ueteres in usu habebant, uel quod religioni apta est haec materies, denique flamen Dialis aereis cultris tondebatur: aut quia uocalius ceteris metallis, aut quia medici aere quaedam uulnera curant, aut dicit quia ueteres magis aere usi sunt aut certe aerea saecula significantur: nam ut Hesiodus dicit, tempore quo haec gesta sunt aereum saeculum fuit. {{sc|'''nexaeqve aere trabes'''}} multi ‘nixae’ legunt, non ‘nexae’, iuxta Varronem qui ait &quot;trisulcae fores, pessulis libratae, dehiscunt, graves atque innixae in cardinum tardos turbines&quot;. quidam trabes aeneas putant ipsum templum chalkioikon significari. uersus sane ipse hypermetros est. 

{{ancora+|449|[[Aeneis/Liber I#449|449.]]}} {{sc|'''foribvs'''}} fores proprie dicuntur quae foras aperiuntur, sicut apud ueteres fuit; ualuae autem sunt, ut dicit Varro, &quot;quae revoluuntur et se uelant&quot;. ianua autem est primus domus ingressus, dicta quia Iano consecratum est omne principium. cetera intra ianuam ostia uocantur generaliter, sive ualuae sint, sive fores: quamuis usus ista corruperit. CARDO ‘cardo’ dictus quasi cor ianuae, quo movetur. {{sc|'''stridebat aenis'''}} ad sua rettulit tempora. cautum enim fuerat post proditum hostibus a Tarpeia uirgine Capitolium, ut aerei cardines fierent, quorum stridor posset aperta ostia omnibus indicare. 


{{ancora+|450|[[Aeneis/Liber I#450|450.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc primvm in lvco'''}}  secuta sunt enim et alia, quae detraxere formidinem. {{sc|'''timorem'''}} multi quaerunt, cur post uisam matrem quicquam timuerit: quod tamen alii sic soluunt, ut dicant, ne tunc quidem Aeneam Venerem quam uiderat esse credidisse, cuius, ut ipse putabat, agnitae nulla uerba perceperat. sed uera solutio haec est: Venus nihil de Afrorum moribus, unde nunc formidat Aeneas, sed de classe liberata dixerat filio. uel quia non in totum Aeneas matris fiducia confirmandus est, ne nihil supersit magnanimitati et laudibus uiri fortis. sciendum tamen est in Vergilio interdum ualidiora esse obiecta purgatis, uel contra, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|451|[[Aeneis/Liber I#451|451.]]}} {{sc|'''leniit'''}} quartae coniugationis tempus praeteritum perfectum uel in ‘ui’ iunctam exit, uel sublata digammo in ‘ii’ pro nostro arbitrio, ut lenivi lenii, audivi audii. sane cum in ‘ui’ exit, paenultima longa est et ipsa accentum retinet; cum uero in ‘ii’, paenultima brevis est et perdit accentum, quia, ut supra diximus &quot;unius ob noxam&quot;, quotiens uocalis uocalem sequitur detrahit longitudinem praecedenti; sed hoc in metro, ubi necessitas cogit; nam in prosa et naturam suam et accentum retentat. nunc ergo ‘leniit’ tertia a fine habet accentum, quia paenultima brevis est. sane plerumque accentum suum retinet etiam sermo corruptus, ut Mercuri Domiti ovidi tertia a fine habere debuit accentum, quia paenultima brevis est, sed constat haec nomina apocopen pertulisse: nam apud maiores idem erat uocativus qui et nominativus, ut hi Mercurius et o Mercurius: unde ‘cu’ licet brevis sit, etiam post apocopen suum servat accentum. 

{{ancora+|452|[[Aeneis/Liber I#452|452.]]}} {{sc|'''avsvs'''}} bene ‘ausus’, quia inter incerta satis audacter salus speratur. ADFLICTIS ‘de adflictis’; nec enim esse septimus casus potest. CONFIDERE ⟨et⟩ fido et confido dativum regit, ut &quot;et fidere nocti&quot;. sane optima figura est quae numquam a principalitate discedit, ut &quot;atque humiles habitare casas&quot; accusativo iunxit, quia habeo domum dicimus, unde est habito frequentativum. 

{{ancora+|453|[[Aeneis/Liber I#453|453.]]}} {{sc|'''svb templo'''}}  hoc est in templo, ut supra. 

{{ancora+|454|[[Aeneis/Liber I#454|454.]]}} {{sc|'''reginam opperiens'''}}  aut quam intellegebat esse uenturam ex artificum festinatione: aut certe uidendae reginae occasionem requirens. {{sc|'''qvae fortvna'''}} felicitas. et ‘quae’ hic admirandi significatus. 

{{ancora+|455|[[Aeneis/Liber I#455|455.]]}} {{sc|'''artificvmqve manvs inter se'''}}  hoc est, habebat artificum conparationem. ‘inter se’ autem inter se certantium, an aliquid tale. 

{{ancora+|456|[[Aeneis/Liber I#456|456.]]}} {{sc|'''ex ordine'''}}  hoc loco ostendit omnem pugnam esse depictam, sed haec tantum dicit quae aut Diomedes gessit aut Achilles: per quod excusatur Aeneas, si est a fortibus uictus. sane pugna est temporale certamen, idem et proelium significat; bellum autem universi temporis dicitur, ut Punicum, Mithridaticum. Sallustius &quot;ita sperat pugnam illam pro omni bello futuram&quot;. Livius &quot;ni Pyrrhus unicus pugnandi artifex magisque in proelio, quam bello bonus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|457|[[Aeneis/Liber I#457|457.]]}} {{sc|'''totvm vvlgata per orbem'''}}  quia Europa intulit, Asia passa est, Africa iam depingit. 

{{ancora+|458|[[Aeneis/Liber I#458|458.]]}} {{sc|'''atridas'''}} Atrei filios, Agamemnonem et Menelaum; sed usurpatum est, nam Plisthenis filii fuerunt. {{sc|'''saevvm ambobvs achillem'''}} atqui tres dixit, sed Atridas pro uno accipe, quos unius partis constat fuisse. an ‘ambobus’ Agamemnoni tantum et Priamo? an ambobus exercitibus? Graecis propter suam de Briseide iniuriam, Troianis propter Helenam, et ‘ambobus’ pro utrisque arte hunc. 


{{ancora+|460|[[Aeneis/Liber I#460|460.]]}} {{sc|'''plena laboris'''}}  plenus genetivo melius iungitur, ut Terentius &quot;plenus rimarum sum&quot;. Plautus &quot;dedecoris pleniorem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|461|[[Aeneis/Liber I#461|461.]]}} {{sc|'''en priamvs'''}}  laus picturae est, per quam non imago, sed prope ipse ostenditur Priamus. {{sc|'''svnt hic etiam sva praemia lavdi'''}} ut supra diximus, omnis Aeneae sollicitudo de moribus Afrorum est, quam nunc picturae contemplatione deponit. qui enim bella depingunt, et uirtutem diligunt et miseratione tanguntur. {{sc|'''sva'''}} id est congrua, ut &quot;strueremque suis altaria donis&quot;. {{sc|'''lavdi'''}} uirtuti, ut &quot;primam merui qui laude coronam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|462|[[Aeneis/Liber I#462|462.]]}} {{sc|'''mortalia'''}} aduersa, quibus constat subiacere mortales. alii mortales casus accipiunt, uel absolute g-ta g-anthrohpina. 

{{ancora+|463|[[Aeneis/Liber I#463|463.]]}} {{sc|'''solve metvm'''}}  collectio est. nam ubi uirtus praemia, aduersa miserationem merentur, rite formido deponitur. {{sc|'''feret'''}} pro adferet. et hic reddidit &quot;hoc primum in luco nova res oblata timorem leniit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|464|[[Aeneis/Liber I#464|464.]]}} {{sc|'''inani'''}} epitheton est picturae, aut quia caret corporum quae imitatur plenitudine, aut quia nullius est utilitatis, sed tantum delectat; nam apud ueteres g-mataiotechnia uel g-pseudotechnia dicta est. ‘pascit’ autem delectat, ut &quot;non animum modo uti pascat prospectus inanem&quot;; uel ut quidam uolunt ad stupentis animum rettulit, qui uel inanibus commovebatur. 

{{ancora+|465|[[Aeneis/Liber I#465|465.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta gemens'''}}  graecum est g-polla g-stenazohn. {{sc|'''largoqve vmectat flvmine vvltvm'''}} tapinosis est quia dixit ‘umectat’. ‘largo’ nam ‘flumine’ est fluore, id est fluxu ipso. 

{{ancora+|466|[[Aeneis/Liber I#466|466.]]}} {{sc|'''pergama circvm'''}}  abusive; non enim circa Pergama, hoc est arcem, sed circa Troiam bella gerebantur. 

{{ancora+|467|[[Aeneis/Liber I#467|467.]]}} {{sc|'''troianae ivventvs'''}}  definitio est Hectoris, ut &quot;Catillusque acerque Coras, Argiva iuventus&quot;. et re uera sic paene ubique Homerus ponit, ut Hectori tantum uel Achilli totus cedat exercitus. 

{{ancora+|468|[[Aeneis/Liber I#468|468.]]}} {{sc|'''hac phryges'''}}  bene ubique Vergilius pro negotii qualitate dat Troianis et nomina. nam timidos Phrygas uocat, ut hoc loco, item &quot;o uere Phrygiae, neque enim Phryges&quot;; Dardanidas generosos, ut &quot;Dardanidae magni genus alto a sanguine divum&quot;; Laomedontiadas perfidos, ut &quot;nondum Laomedonteae sentis periuria gentis&quot;; Troas fortes, ut &quot;Troes agunt, princeps turmas inducit Asilas&quot;; Hectoreos quoque fortes, ut &quot;nunc nunc insurgite remis, Hectorei socii&quot;. {{sc|'''cristatvs achilles'''}} secundum Homerum, qui dicit in Achillis cristis terribile quiddam fuisse. ‘cristatus’ autem participium est derivatum a genere feminino. 

{{ancora+|469|[[Aeneis/Liber I#469|469.]]}} {{sc|'''nec procvl hinc rhesi'''}}  Rhesus rex Thraciae fuit, ⟨ut⟩ quidam tradunt Martis, ut alii Hebri uel Strymonis et Euterpes Musae filius: qui cum ad Troiae venisset auxilia clausisque iam portis tentoria locavisset in litore, Dolone prodente Troiano, qui missus fuerat speculator, a Diomede et Vlixe est interfectus, qui et ipsi speculatum venerant; abductique sunt equi, quibus pendebant fata Troiana, ut, si pabulo Troiano usi essent uel de Xantho Troiae fluvio bibissent, Troia perire non posset. 


{{ancora+|470|[[Aeneis/Liber I#470|470.]]}} {{sc|'''primo somno'''}}  prima parte noctis, ut &quot;libra die somnique pares ubi fecerit horas&quot;. aut ‘primo somno’, ut graviorem ostenderet somnum; aut prima nocte, quia ante Rhesus in Troia non fuerat. 

{{ancora+|471|[[Aeneis/Liber I#471|471.]]}} {{sc|'''tydides'''}} Diomedes. et bene Vlixen celat propter Aeneam, ut supra diximus, aut quia secundum Homerum occidente Diomede cadavera ulixes trahebat. 

{{ancora+|472|[[Aeneis/Liber I#472|472.]]}} {{sc|'''ardentes'''}} et candidos significat et ueloces, ut &quot;pernicibus ignea plantis&quot;. si ignea uelox est, sine dubio et ardens. 

{{ancora+|473|[[Aeneis/Liber I#473|473.]]}} {{sc|'''xanthvm'''}} fluvium Troiae. 

{{ancora+|474|[[Aeneis/Liber I#474|474.]]}} {{sc|'''parte alia fvgiens amissis troilvs armis'''}}  ‘parte alia’ scilicet templi. et ueritas quidem hoc habet: Troili amore Achillem ductum palumbes ei quibus ille delectabatur obiecisse: quas cum uellet tenere, captus ab Achille in eius amplexibus periit. sed hoc quasi indignum heroo carmine mutavit poeta. {{sc|'''fvgiens'''}} fugere uolens accepto iam uulnere. {{sc|'''amissis armis'''}} uel aetatis inbecillitate, uel uulneris dolore incipientibus. 

{{ancora+|475|[[Aeneis/Liber I#475|475.]]}} {{sc|'''infelix'''}} multi hoc loco distinguunt et subiungunt ‘puer atque inpar congressus Achilli’, ut ex eo inparem ostendat, quod puer; sed tamen etiam si iungas ‘puer’, unus est sensus. {{sc|'''atqve inpar'''}} ac si diceret, etiam si puer non esset. {{sc|'''congressvs achilli'''}} congredior tibi antiqui dicebant, sicut pugno tibi, dimico tibi. hodie dicimus congredior tecum, pugno tecum, dimico tecum. 

{{ancora+|476|[[Aeneis/Liber I#476|476.]]}} {{sc|'''fertvr eqvis'''}}  trahitur. {{sc|'''cvrrv'''}} curribus falcatis usos esse maiores et Livius et Sallustius docent. potuerunt ergo et simplicibus. {{sc|'''resvpinvs'''}} resupinus quo modo hastam trahebat? sed intellegitur Achillis hastam transisse per pectus et a parte qua ferrum est a tergo trahi. {{sc|'''inani'''}} sine rectore; nam corpus haerebat. 

{{ancora+|477|[[Aeneis/Liber I#477|477.]]}} {{sc|'''lora tenens tamen'''}}  quamquam mortuus. 

{{ancora+|478|[[Aeneis/Liber I#478|478.]]}} {{sc|'''versa'''}} tracta, ut Plautus &quot;inveniam omnia uersa, sparsa&quot;. venit autem ab eo quod est uerror. {{sc|'''inscribitvr'''}} dilaceratur, ut Plautus &quot;corpus tuum uirgis ulmeis inscribam&quot;. {{sc|'''hasta'''}} hostili scilicet, quam sicut dictum est transfixus trahebat. 

{{ancora+|479|[[Aeneis/Liber I#479|479.]]}} {{sc|'''interea'''}} dum haec geruntur. et satis opportune a matribus festinatur ad templum, ut alibi &quot;nec non ad templum summasque ad Palladis arces&quot;. {{sc|'''interea ad templvm'''}} cum Diomedes auxilio Minervae plurimos Troianorum fudisset, Helenus, Priami filius, uates monuit, ut Minervae numen exoraretur, et cum precibus deae ponerent uestem quam regina speciosissimam habebat, id est peplum, unde post Minervae palla peplum appellata est. dea tamen, memor iudicii Paridis, Troianis infesta permansit. et mire in pictura temporali aduerbio quamuis non possit. {{sc|'''non aeqvae'''}} id est iniquae, infestae. litotes figura est, ut alibi &quot;et uacuis Clanius non aequus acerris&quot;. 


{{ancora+|480|[[Aeneis/Liber I#480|480.]]}} {{sc|'''passis'''}} participium est ab eo quod est ‘pandor’. ideo autem non facit ‘pansus’, quia plerumque ‘n’, quod in prima uerbi positione invenitur, in praeterito participio non est. de qua re euphonia iudicat, ut ab eo quod est ‘tundor’ et ‘tunsus’ facit, ut &quot;tunsae pectora palmis&quot;, et ‘tusus’, ut &quot;non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni&quot;. sciendum tamen est, licet alia euphoniae causa uarientur uel in generibus uel in numeris, ‘nactus’ tamen et ‘passus’ ‘n’ penitus numquam accipere. {{sc|'''peplvmqve ferebant'''}} peplum proprie est palla picta feminea Minervae consecrata, ut Plautus &quot;numquam ad civitatem venio, nisi cum infertur peplum&quot;. hodie tamen multi abutuntur hoc nomine. 

{{ancora+|481|[[Aeneis/Liber I#481|481.]]}} {{sc|'''svppliciter tristes'''}}  ut decet rogantes. et bene addidit ‘suppliciter’, quia et per iracundiam, et per gravitatem, et per religionem, et per dolorem tristes sumus. {{sc|'''svppliciter tristes'''}} hoc est rogantes cum tristitia. {{sc|'''tvnsae pectora'''}} ut &quot;oculos suffusa&quot;. 

{{ancora+|482|[[Aeneis/Liber I#482|482.]]}} {{sc|'''aversa'''}} irata significat. nec enim poterat conuertere se simulacrum. sic alibi &quot;talia dicentem iamdudum aversa tuetur&quot; si tuetur, quomodo aversa, nisi iratam intellegas? ergo aversa ad animum refertur. 

{{ancora+|483|[[Aeneis/Liber I#483|483.]]}} {{sc|'''ter circvm iliacos'''}}  hoc ad Aeneam referendum est, qui sciebat. {{sc|'''ter circvm iliacos'''}} apud auctores multa ad sensum, non ad aspectum possunt referri. tertio enim tractum intellegere possumus, non in pictura conspicere. unde est et illud &quot;mulcere alternos et corpora fingere lingua&quot;. aut certe tale erat in pictura corpus, ut in eo appareret frequentis raptationis iniuria. sane huius rei ordo talis est. Patroclus cum iratum Achillem propter Briseidem sublatam ut aduersum Troianos pugnaret exorare non posset, petit ab eo arma quae Peleo Vulcanus fecerat; quibus indutus dum Achilles crederetur, fugatis Troianis omnibus etiam plurimos interemit, ipse uero ab Hectore occisus est. quo dolore Achilles conpulsus, inpetratis per matrem a Vulcano armis, Hectorem proelio superatum peremit, eiusque corpus ad currum religatum circa muros Ilii traxit, quod post placatus auro repensum Priamo reddidit. {{sc|'''raptaverat'''}} bene forma usus est frequentativa, per quam ostendit quod per numerum dixerat. 

{{ancora+|484|[[Aeneis/Liber I#484|484.]]}} {{sc|'''exanimvm'''}} exanimus et exanimis dicimus, sicut unanimus et unanimis, inermus et inermis. ergo pro nostro arbitrio aut secundae erunt declinationis, aut tertiae; sed a tertia ablativum singularem in i mittunt, quia communis sunt generis. exanimis autem est mortuus, ut hic indicat locus, exanimatus uero timens, ut &quot;exanimata sequens inpingeret agmina muris&quot;. {{sc|'''vendebat'''}} ingenti arte utitur uerbis: nam hoc loco, quia pingi potuit, praesens tempus posuit, superius, quia pingi non potuit, sed referri, perfecto exsecutus est tempore dicendo ‘raptaverat’, non ‘raptabat’. 

{{ancora+|485|[[Aeneis/Liber I#485|485.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm vero ingentem gemitvm'''}}  iam enim superius eum lacrimasse dixerat: hoc ergo addidit uisum Hectoris corpus, ut etiam graviter gemeret. non ergo tum primum, sed tum maxime. 

{{ancora+|486|[[Aeneis/Liber I#486|486.]]}} {{sc|'''vt cvrrvs'''}}  quo tractus est. {{sc|'''amici'''}} autem plus est, quam si Hectoris diceret. alibi &quot;paruumque patri tendebat Iulum&quot;, cum potuerit dicere ‘mihi’. 

{{ancora+|487|[[Aeneis/Liber I#487|487.]]}} {{sc|'''manvs inermes'''}}  aut sine sceptro, aut supplices, ut &quot;dextras tendamus inermes&quot;: quod tractum est de historia; qui enim se dedunt, inermes supplicant. aut re uera inermes tunc; contra Pyrrhum enim processit armatus. sane per transitum historiam tetigit, quia constat Priamum, cum ad supplicandum tentorium Achillis fuisset ingressus, dormientem Achillem excitavisse, ut pro filii corpore rogaret eum, cum eum potuisset occidere: licet hoc Homerus propter Achillis turpitudinem supprimat. 

{{ancora+|488|[[Aeneis/Liber I#488|488.]]}} {{sc|'''se qvoqve principibvs permixtvm agnovit achivis'''}}  aut latenter proditionem tangit, ut supra diximus: ut excusatur ab ipso in secundo &quot;Iliaci cineres&quot; et cetera: aut uirtutem eius uult ostendere; nimiae enim fortitudinis est inter hostium tela uersari, ut Sallustius &quot;Catilina longe a suis inter hostilia cadavera repertus est&quot;. Cornutus tamen dicit uersu isto &quot;uadimus inmixti Danais&quot; hoc esse soluendum. 

{{ancora+|489|[[Aeneis/Liber I#489|489.]]}} {{sc|'''eoas'''}} ‘e’ naturaliter longa est, fit tamen brevis interdum cum eam uocalis sequitur, ut &quot;primo surgebat Eoo&quot;. {{sc|'''nigri memnonis arma'''}} quia Tithonus, frater Laomedontis, raptus ab Aurora filium suum Memnonem ex ipsa progenitum, inlectus dono uitis aureae Priamo ad Troiae misit auxilia. qui congressus cum Achille ab eo est interemptus, cuius mortem mater Aurora hodieque matutino rore flere dicitur. ‘nigri’ autem dixit Aethiopis, unde prima consurgit Aurora. {{sc|'''arma'''}} vulcania, ut ille indicat uersus &quot;te potuit lacrimis Tithonia flectere coniunx&quot;. 


{{ancora+|490|[[Aeneis/Liber I#490|490.]]}} {{sc|'''dvcit amazonidvm'''}}  hoc est quod supra dixit &quot;uidet Iliacas ex ordine pugnas&quot;. Homerus enim haec omnia tacuit quae facta sunt post Hectoris mortem. ‘Amazonidum’ autem derivatio est pro principalitate, sicut &quot;Scipiadas duros bello&quot; pro Scipionibus. sane Amazones dictae sunt uel quod simul uivant sine uiris, quasi g-hama g-zosai, uel quod unam mammam exustam habeant, quasi g-aneu g-mazou. has autem iam non esse constat, utpote extinctas partim ab Hercule, partim ab Achille. {{sc|'''peltis'''}} scutis brevissimis in modum lunae iam mediae. {{sc|'''lvnatis'''}} autem participium a feminino genere derivatum. 

{{ancora+|491|[[Aeneis/Liber I#491|491.]]}} {{sc|'''penthesilea fvrens'''}}  furentem ideo dixit, quia sororem suam in venatione confixit simulans se cervam ferire. sed hoc per transitum tangit, nam furor bellicus intellegitur. an ‘furens’, quia maiora uiribus audebat. haec tamen Martis et Otreres filia fuit, quam Achilles cum aduersum se pugnantem peremisset post mortem eius adamavit eamque honorifice sepelivit. ‘ducit’ autem et ‘ardet’ ad laudem picturae pertinet. 

{{ancora+|492|[[Aeneis/Liber I#492|492.]]}} {{sc|'''avrea'''}} amphibolon est hoc loco, utrum ipsa aurea, an aurea cingula. sciendum tamen plerumque amphiboliam metri ratione dissolui, ut &quot;aurea composuit sponda&quot; Dido ‘aurea’: si enim ad spondam referas, non stat uersus. {{sc|'''svbnectens'''}} subnexa habens. {{sc|'''exertae'''}} nudatae; nudant enim quam adusserint mammam. 

{{ancora+|493|[[Aeneis/Liber I#493|493.]]}} {{sc|'''virgo'''}} et sexum ostendit et aetatem. {{sc|'''virgo'''}} plus dixit, quam si feminam diceret. figuram tamen Graecam facit. 

{{ancora+|495|[[Aeneis/Liber I#495|495.]]}} {{sc|'''dvm stvpet'''}}  aut absolute, aut dum haec stupet. {{sc|'''obtvtv'''}} aspectu. {{sc|'''in vno'''}} in unoquoque, hoc est singula mirabatur. 

{{ancora+|496|[[Aeneis/Liber I#496|496.]]}} {{sc|'''forma'''}} ut &quot;pulchra prole&quot;. 

{{ancora+|497|[[Aeneis/Liber I#497|497.]]}} {{sc|'''incessit'''}} ut &quot;incedunt pueri&quot;; sed hic ‘intervenit’. {{sc|'''stipante caterva'''}} ad hoc tantum sequens pertinet comparatio, quam uituperant multi, nescientes exempla uel parabolas uel conparationes adsumptas non semper usquequaque congruere, sed interdum omni parte, interdum aliqua convenire. 

{{ancora+|498|[[Aeneis/Liber I#498|498.]]}} {{sc|'''evrotae ripis'''}}  fluvii Laconicae. {{sc|'''cynthi'''}} montis Deli, in quo natam constat Dianam. sane Dianam ueteres ideo melius producebant, quia sub divo dea sit venandi gratia. 

{{ancora+|499|[[Aeneis/Liber I#499|499.]]}} {{sc|'''exercet diana choros'''}}  hoc non ad conparationem pertinet, sed est poeticae descriptionis evagatio, quia chori nec personis hic nec locis congruunt; saltantium enim et cantantium dicuntur. {{sc|'''mille'''}} finitus numerus pro infinito; nam de nympharum numero uaria est opinio. 


{{ancora+|500|[[Aeneis/Liber I#500|500.]]}} {{sc|'''oreades'''}} nymphae montium Oreades dicuntur, siluarum Dryades, quae cum siluis nascuntur Amadryades, fontium Napeae uel Naides, maris uero Nereides. 

{{ancora+|502|[[Aeneis/Liber I#502|502.]]}} {{sc|'''tacitvm'''}} maior enim est taciturnitatis adfectus, ut supra &quot;haec secum&quot;. sic Terentius &quot;ut mecum tacita gaudeam&quot;. {{sc|'''tacitvm'''}} pro tacite, ut &quot;tacitumque obsedit limen Amatae&quot;; aut tacita gaudet. {{sc|'''pertemptant'''}} modo uehementer temptant. alibi leviter, ut &quot;blanda uicissim gaudia pertemptant mentem&quot;. sunt enim multa quae pro locis intelleguntur, ut ‘inpotens’ et satis et minus et nihil potens significat. {{sc|'''instans operi'''}} zeugma est ad sequentia pertinens. 

{{ancora+|504|[[Aeneis/Liber I#504|504.]]}} {{sc|'''regnisqve fvtvris'''}}  regnaturae Carthagini; nam ipsa iam regnabat. 

{{ancora+|505|[[Aeneis/Liber I#505|505.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm foribvs divae'''}}  instans praecipue foribus. et hoc loco distinguendum est; magno enim studio et labore templorum fores fiebant, quas quibusdam insignibant historiis, ut &quot;in foribus letum Androgei&quot;, item &quot;in foribus pugnam ex auro solidoque elephanto&quot;. quamuis quidam iungant ‘tum foribus divae media testudine templi’, ut unum intellegas tectum templi et pronai: quod si est, sub medio tecto sunt fores. sed prima melior expositio est. {{sc|'''testvdine'''}} camera incurva, id est fornicata, quae secundum eos qui scripserunt de ratione templorum, ideo sic fit, ut simulacro caeli imaginem reddat, quod constat esse conuexum. quidam tradunt apud ueteres omnia templa in modum testudinis facta, at uero sequenti aetate divinis simulacris positis, nihilominus in templis factas esse testudines, quod Varro ait, ut separatum esset, ubi metus esset, ubi religio administraretur. bene ergo, cum de templo loqueretur, addidit ei testudinem. idem Varro de lingua Latina ad Ciceronem &quot;in aedibus locus patulus relinquebatur sub divo, qui si non erat relictus et contectus erat, appellabatur testudo&quot;. Cicero in Bruto &quot;commentatum in ⟨quadam testudine cum seruis litteratis fuisse⟩&quot;. quidam testudinem locum in parte atrii uolunt aduersum venientibus. alii hunc ordinem uolunt ‘tum foribus divae templi resedit, media scutorum testudine’, quia saepta armis erat. hoc sane genus fabricae ab animalis similitudine quae testudo uocatur captum est: de qua fabula talis est. uirgo quaedam nomine Chelone, linguae inpatientis fuit. uerum cum Iuppiter Iunonem sibi nuptiis iungeret, praecepit Mercurio, ut omnes deos et homines atque omnia animalia ad nuptias conuocaret. sed omnibus quos Mercurius monuerat convenientibus, sola Chelone, irridens et derogans nuptiis, nectens moras adesse contempsit. quam cum Mercurius non venisse notavisset, denuo descendit ad terras et aedes Chelones supra fluvium positas praecipitavit in fluvium ipsamque Chelonen in animal sui nominis uertit, quam nos Latine testudinem dicimus, fecitque, ut pro poena dorso tectum, uelut domum suam prona portaret: unde incurvatis aedificiis hoc nomen inpositum est. 

{{ancora+|506|[[Aeneis/Liber I#506|506.]]}} {{sc|'''saepta armis'''}}  satellitum scilicet. uel ut quidam uolunt pro armatis, ut &quot;feta armis&quot;. {{sc|'''solio'''}} solium proprie est armarium uno ligno factum, in quo reges sedebant propter tutelam corporis sui, dictum quasi solidum. modo iam abusive sellam regalem intellegimus. {{sc|'''alte'''}} alto fulta suggestu. ac si diceret, in tribunali. {{sc|'''svbnixa'''}} pro subnisa, ut supra diximus. alii pro innixa accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|507|[[Aeneis/Liber I#507|507.]]}} {{sc|'''ivra dabat legesqve viris'''}}  ius generale est, sed lex iuris est species: non est ergo iteratio. et bene ‘dabat’; primi enim Locri scriptis usi sunt legibus, nam superior aetas contenta fuit moribus. quod autem dixit ‘uiris’, ad Didonis pertinet laudem, et separatim enuntiandum, ut sit maior admiratio. 

{{ancora+|508|[[Aeneis/Liber I#508|508.]]}} {{sc|'''sorte trahebat'''}}  proprie locutus est; trahuntur enim sortes, hoc est educuntur. et bene tam regnantis quam aedificantis urbem inplere ostendit officium. 

{{ancora+|509|[[Aeneis/Liber I#509|509.]]}} {{sc|'''concvrsv accedere magno'''}}  cum magna Afrorum multitudine. et hoc est quod formidat Aeneas, incertus qua eos mente comitentur. 


{{ancora+|512|[[Aeneis/Liber I#512|512.]]}} {{sc|'''dispvlerat'''}} segregaverat. et magna est inter ‘di’ et ‘de’ differentia, ut diximus. {{sc|'''penitvs'''}} longe a regina remotos: quae res etiam insolentes custodes litorum facit. 

{{ancora+|513|[[Aeneis/Liber I#513|513.]]}} {{sc|'''obstipvit'''}} et ad mirationem et ad timorem hic pertinet sermo, quo dicenda praeoccupat. {{sc|'''percvlsvs'''}} ad utrumque pertinet. 

{{ancora+|514|[[Aeneis/Liber I#514|514.]]}} {{sc|'''laetitiaqve metvqve'''}}  laetitia propter socios, metu propter concursum. uel quod incerti erant de uoluntate Didonis. {{sc|'''avidi conivngere'''}} pro ‘ut coniungerent’, uel ad coniungendum avidi. 

{{ancora+|515|[[Aeneis/Liber I#515|515.]]}} {{sc|'''ardebant'''}} cupiebant, ut &quot;formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexim&quot;. ardeo autem et accusativum regit et ablativum. {{sc|'''res incognita'''}} id est qua adfectione Poenorum populus conveniret. 

{{ancora+|516|[[Aeneis/Liber I#516|516.]]}} {{sc|'''dissimvlant'''}} dissimulamus nota, simulamus ignota, ut Sallustius &quot;simulator ac dissimulator&quot;. 

{{ancora+|517|[[Aeneis/Liber I#517|517.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae fortvna'''}}  utrum prospera, an aduersa? et hic ostenditur, unde sit metus. 

{{ancora+|518|[[Aeneis/Liber I#518|518.]]}} {{sc|'''cvncti nam lecti navibvs'''}}  bene addidit ‘lecti’, ne penitus omnes intellegeres. nonnulli tamen ‘lectis navibus’ legunt: quod et si sit, hypallage est, et illuc sensus recurrit. et sciendum, plerumque ut hoc loco addi aliquid generalitati et fieri specialitatem. item si dicas ‘omnes scolastici laborant’, generalitas est; si addas ‘isti’, fit specialitas, ut Sallustius &quot;transgressos omnis recipit mons Balleia&quot; prudenter addidit ‘transgressos’. {{sc|'''cvncti'''}} non idem significat quod omnes. Cicero saepe ait &quot;cuncti atque omnes&quot;, quia omnes non statim sunt cuncti, nisi idem simul sunt iuncti. 

{{ancora+|519|[[Aeneis/Liber I#519|519.]]}} {{sc|'''orantes veniam'''}}  pacem propter incendium navium. et proprie uerbum pontificale est: unde est &quot;tu modo posce deos veniam&quot; et paulo post &quot;pacemque per aras exquirunt&quot;. dicta autem venia ad eliciendam misericordiam; meretur enim benivolentiam numinum qui, licet innocens sit, veniam tamen tamquam peccaverit petit: unde est confessio illa in Terentio &quot;quid meritu's? crucem&quot;. {{sc|'''orantes veniam'''}} venia quidem pro culpa petitur, sed nunc beneficium. aliqui tamen veniam pro inpunitate accipiunt, nam mox addidit ‘prohibe infandos a navibus ignes’. 


{{ancora+|520|[[Aeneis/Liber I#520|520.]]}} {{sc|'''maximvs ilionevs'''}}  rebus omnibus maximus; nec enim aliquid addidit. ergo et aetate et honore et facundia et omni uirtute accipiunt. et non sine causa ipsum ubique inducit loquentem; ut enim Homerus dicit, Phorbas pater Ilionei semper Mercurio deo eloquentiae favente pugnavit, ut Horatius &quot;Mercuri facunde nepos Atlantis&quot;. merito ergo huic datur eloquentia. {{sc|'''placido sic pectore coepit'''}} more suo uno sermone habitum futurae orationis expressit. bene ergo ‘placido’, ne timore consternatus uideretur, quem ideo aetate maximum et patientem ostendit, ut ei auctoritas et de aetate et de moribus crescat. ergo ‘placido’ ad placandum apto; et definitio est oratoris, qui talem se debet componere, qualem uult iudicem reddere. 

{{ancora+|522|[[Aeneis/Liber I#522|522.]]}} {{sc|'''o regina'''}}  secundum artem rhetoricam id ei dat quod uult inpetrare. nam eam per laudem benivolam reddidit. quae benivolentia in principiis controversiarum secundum praecepta rhetorica quattuor modis conciliatur: a iudicum persona, a nostra, ab aduersariorum, a re ipsa. quod hic invenitur: a iudicum persona ‘o regina novam c- c- I- u-’, a sua persona ‘Troes te miseri’ et cetera, ab aduersariorum ‘quod genus hoc hominum’, a re ipsa ‘hospitio prohibemur harenae’. post praeparatam igitur benivolentiam et ex sua persona miseratione commota adhibet preces ‘prohibe infandos a navibus i- p- p- g- e- p- r- a-’ an possint? ‘non ea uis animo n- t- s- u-’ quo ergo ibatis? ‘est locus Hesperiam G- c- d-’ et cur huc venistis? ‘cum subito adsurgens f- n-. O-’ ne autem possint timeri, ait ‘pauci uestris adnavimus oris’. an gratiam referant? ‘officio nec te certasse priorem paeniteat’. quod autem Aeneam laudat, occulte etiam terrorem incutit dicendo ‘nec bello maior et armis’. dicit etiam esse qui uindicent, si fiat iniuria ‘sunt et Siculis regionibus u- a- q- T- q- a- s- c- A-’ an recessuri sint? ‘quassatam uentis liceat subd- c-’ et subiunxit, etiamsi regem amisimus et Italiam non petimus, tamen ad Siciliam necessario discedemus ‘si datur Italiam s- e- reliqua. sin absumpta salus e- t- p- o- T- p- h- L- n- s- i- r- I- at freta Sicaniae saltem’. {{sc|'''novam vrbem'''}} iuxta Poenorum opinionem dixit, qui novam civitatem Carthaginem dicunt. 

{{ancora+|523|[[Aeneis/Liber I#523|523.]]}} {{sc|'''ivstitia'''}} bene consideravit sexum; nec enim ‘uirtute’ poterat dicere. {{sc|'''gentes'''}} non Carthaginiensium, sed circumiacentium barbarorum. {{sc|'''frenare'''}} continere, ut contra et &quot;Numidae infreni cingunt&quot;. 

{{ancora+|524|[[Aeneis/Liber I#524|524.]]}} {{sc|'''troes te miseri'''}}  tacitis occurrit quaestionibus, ne ad populationem venisse uideantur more qui tunc uigebat. et uidetur aliud ad dignitatem, aliud ad miserationem protulisse. {{sc|'''ventis maria omnia vecti'''}} per maria. et est contra illud, sicut dictum est, cur ad Africam venerint. 

{{ancora+|526|[[Aeneis/Liber I#526|526.]]}} {{sc|'''parce pio generi'''}}  quotiens inuidiosae sunt praesentes personae, rhetoricum est ad alias confugere, ut hoc loco confugit ad genus. {{sc|'''et propivs'''}} uicinius scilicet, ut tamquam uicti accipiantur, non tales omnes credantur, qualis Paris fuit in Spartae expugnatione raptuque Helenae. nam historiae hoc habet ueritas, non uoluntate Helenam secutam, sed expugnata raptam civitate, unde et recipi meruit a marito. tangit autem hoc latenter Vergilius illo loco &quot;me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnavit adulter&quot;. ergo bene non nos, sed res nostras dixit. 

{{ancora+|527|[[Aeneis/Liber I#527|527.]]}} {{sc|'''popvlare'''}} quia apud ueteres haec erat maxime causa navigandi. sane antiqui et populo et populor dicebant, unde est ‘populare’ et &quot;populatque ingentem farris aceruum curculio&quot;. nunc tamen passiva tantum utimur declinatione. quidam ‘populare’ pro ad populandum uel pro populatum accipiunt. {{sc|'''vertere'''}} pro aduertere. 

{{ancora+|529|[[Aeneis/Liber I#529|529.]]}} {{sc|'''non ea vis animo'''}}  argumentum ab inpossibili sicut dictum est, ut &quot;quid Troes potuere?&quot; ‘uis’ autem est possibilitas. {{sc|'''non ea vis animo'''}} id est, nec uolumus nec possumus. 


{{ancora+|530|[[Aeneis/Liber I#530|530.]]}} {{sc|'''est locvs'''}}  conparatione orbis totius Italia locus est; nam provincia locus non potest dici. minus est autem ‘quam’ uel ‘quem locum’, ut &quot;urbs antiqua fuit&quot;. aut ideo ‘locus’, ut ostendat paruo posse esse contentos. {{sc|'''hesperiam'''}} hesperiae duae sunt, una quae Hispania dicitur, altera quae est in Italia. quae hac ratione discernuntur: aut enim Hesperiam solam dicis et significas Italiam, aut addis ‘ultimam’ et significas Hispaniam, quae in occidentis est fine, ut Horatius &quot;qui nunc Hesperia sospes ab ultima&quot;. et haec est uera Hesperia, ab Hespero dicta, id est stella occidentali. ceterum Italia Hesperia dicitur a fratre Atlantis, qui pulsus a germano Italiam tenuit eique nomen pristinae regionis inposuit, ut Hyginus docet. {{sc|'''grai cognomine dicvnt'''}} bene ‘Grai’, ut et ipsa cognoscat, sicut in octavo &quot;Electra, ut Grai perhibent, Atlantide cretus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|531|[[Aeneis/Liber I#531|531.]]}} {{sc|'''antiqva'''}} nobilis; nec enim nova esse potest, licet primam terram suam esse dicant Athenienses. {{sc|'''potens armis'''}} dicendo ‘potens armis’, Troianos laudavit, ut ostenderet, non se bellicosam timere provinciam. UBERE GLEBAE ‘uber’ proprie est fecunditas. et bene Italiae uirtutem fecunditatemque conlaudat, ne Africam petisse uideantur. 

{{ancora+|532|[[Aeneis/Liber I#532|532.]]}} {{sc|'''oenotri colvere viri'''}}  deest ‘quam’. Oenotria autem dicta est uel a uino optimo, quod in Italia nascitur, uel ut Varro dicit ab Oenotro, rege Sabinorum quia alii partem Italiae Oenotriam tradunt ex Arcadia profectum in Italiam venisse cum Pelasgis et eam sibi cognominem fecisse. {{sc|'''fama'''}} subaudimus ‘est’. {{sc|'''minores'''}} maiores et minores quotiens de genere dicimus numeri sunt tantum pluralis. 

{{ancora+|533|[[Aeneis/Liber I#533|533.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam'''}} Italus rex Siciliae ad eam partem venit in qua regnavit Turnus, quam a suo nomine appellavit Italiam: unde est &quot;fines super usque Sicanos&quot; non usque ad Siciliam; nec enim poterat fieri; sed usque ad ea loca, quae tenuerunt Sicani, id est Siculi a Sicano, Itali fratre. alii Italiam a bubus quibus est Italia fertilis, quia Graeci boves g-italous, nos uitulos dicimus; alii a rege Ligurum Italo; alii ab advena Molossio; alii a Corcyreo; alii a Veneris filio, rege Lucanorum; alii a quodam augure, qui cum Siculis in haec loca venerit quamque his regionem inauguraverit; plures atare tenari nepote desatura Minois, regis Cretensium, filia Italiam dictam. 

{{ancora+|534|[[Aeneis/Liber I#534|534.]]}} {{sc|'''hic cvrsvs'''}}  uel iste cursus, uel pro illuc. et cursus uerbum nauticum est, ut &quot;hunc cursum Iliacas uento tenuisse carinas&quot;. 

{{ancora+|535|[[Aeneis/Liber I#535|535.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm svbito'''}}  si ‘subito fluctu’, nomen est, si per se ‘subito’, aduerbium. {{sc|'''cvm svbito adsvrgens flvctv nimbosvs orion'''}} oenopion rex cum liberos non haberet, a Iove Neptuno Mercurioque, uel ut quidam tradunt, non Neptuno, sed Marte, quos hospitio susceperat, hortantibus, ut ab his aliquid postularet, petiit, ut sibi concederent liberos. illi intra corium immolati sibi bovis urina facta praeceperunt, ut obrutum terra conpletis maternis mensibus solueretur. quo facto inuentus est puer, cui nomen ab urina inpositum est, ut Ourion diceretur, quod Dorica lingua commutatum est, ut ou diphthongus in o conuerteretur. quod autem plerumque prima syllaba brevis invenitur, ut hoc loco, cum sit naturaliter longa, Graecae rationis est; nam detractio fit u litterae et o remanet brevis, quo modo &quot;g-ourea g-te g-skioenta&quot; pro orea, g-poiehson pro g-poehson. et hoc, quia aut o est naturaliter longa, aut ou diphthongus; ceterum si sit in proprio nomine dichronos, ut omnes Latinae sunt, propriorum nominum abutemur licentia, ut in artibus lectum est. Orion ergo postea venator factus, uelut trium parentum uiribus fisus, dum uellet cum Diana concumbere, ut Horatius dicit, eius sagittis occisus est, ut Lucanus, inmisso scorpione periit, et deorum miseratione relatus in sidera signum famosum tempestatibus fecit. ueri similius autem est a scorpione interemptum, quo oriente occidit, quia et scorpionem tamquam ultorem pudicitiae Diana inter sidera collocavit: cuius chelae amputatae aliud signum fecerunt; nam ipsae sunt libra. sane ipse Orion magnitudine sua multis oritur diebus, et ideo eius etiam apud peritos est incerta tempestas: unde dictum est ‘cum subito adsurgens’ ad excusationem non praevisae tempestatis. et multi superfluo quaerunt, cur ortus commemoretur Orionis, cum sit inmissa a Iunone tempestas. sed Ilioneus ista non novit quae a poeta supra dicta sunt, per musam, ut diximus, cognita. et constat numina nisi inuenta occasione nocere non posse: quod in omni suo opere Vergilius diligenter observat. bene autem ‘nimbosus’, qui et ortu suo et occasu tempestates conmovet, sicut ait Horatius &quot;qua tristis Orion cadit&quot;; et quia hoc signum ibi est, ubi Hyades circa frontem Tauri. 

{{ancora+|536|[[Aeneis/Liber I#536|536.]]}} {{sc|'''in vada caeca'''}}  incognita, latentia. {{sc|'''procacibvs avstris'''}} perseverantibus. et procax proprie petax est, nam procare est petere, unde et proci petitores dicuntur. alii ‘procacibus’ inpudentibus tradunt. 

{{ancora+|537|[[Aeneis/Liber I#537|537.]]}} {{sc|'''perqve vndas svperante salo'''}}  elevato mari et in undas diviso, ut solet in tempestate. ‘salo’ autem venit ab eo quod est hoc salum sali, nam &quot;sale tabentes&quot; ab eo quod est hic sal salis. PERQUE INVIA SAXA ‘inuia’, id est aspera, inmania. unde et Dido paulo post ‘quae uis inmanibus adplicat oris’? non enim suos uituperat, sed naturam litoris culpat. 

{{ancora+|538|[[Aeneis/Liber I#538|538.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc pavci'''}}  uult intellegi, ut quidam tradunt, superesse et alios qui sunt in futuro uindices, si isti fuerint laesi; nam hoc est quod ait ‘dispulit’, id est dispersit. {{sc|'''adnavimvs oris'''}} elegit uerbum aptum naufragio ad eliciendam misericordiam: quamuis et de navibus ‘natat’ lectum sit, ut &quot;natat uncta carina&quot;. {{sc|'''adnavimvs'''}} adnatavimus per syncopen, quotiens syllaba de medio subtrahitur. et bene ‘adnavimus’, quasi uix et opportune. 

{{ancora+|539|[[Aeneis/Liber I#539|539.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod genvs hoc hominvm'''}} ? rhetorice uituperaturus mores non ad Didonem loquitur, sed ad tertiam se confert personam. {{sc|'''quaeve hvnc tam barbara morem p- p-'''}} bene mores accusat terrae, ut humanitas patriae potius esse uideatur. 


{{ancora+|540|[[Aeneis/Liber I#540|540.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitio prohibemvr harenae'''}}  ut alibi &quot;litusque rogamus&quot;; occupantis est enim possessio litoris. unde ostenduntur crudeles qui etiam a communibus prohibeant. {{sc|'''hospitio prohibemvr harenae'''}} ut alibi &quot;litusque rogamus innocuum&quot;. litus enim iure gentium commune omnibus fuit et occupantis solebat eius esse possessio. Cicero in Rosciana &quot;nam quid est tam commune, quam spiritus uivis, terra mortuis, mare fluctuantibus, litus eiectis?&quot; unde ostenduntur crudeles qui etiam a communibus prohibeant. 

{{ancora+|541|[[Aeneis/Liber I#541|541.]]}} {{sc|'''bella cient'''}}  id est movent. et bene ‘cient’ et ‘uetant’ permanet in tertia persona, ne eos in hoc barbaros et inmites appellare uideatur. sane in principio modestius, hic iam commotius. {{sc|'''primaqve vetant consistere terra'''}} id est in litore, ut alibi &quot;tuque o, cui prima frementem fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti&quot;. 

{{ancora+|542|[[Aeneis/Liber I#542|542.]]}} {{sc|'''mortalia arma'''}}  mortalem possibilitatem. sane arma etiam consilia significant, ut &quot;quaerere conscius arma&quot;. sed hoc loco terret latenter propter Siciliam; nam et paulo post ait ‘sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes’, cum unam habeant in qua Acestes regnat: sed ad terrorem ‘urbes’ posuit. {{sc|'''temnitis'''}} autem pro contempnitis per aphaeresin dictum, quae est cum prima uerbi syllaba detrahitur. alii ‘mortalia arma’ pro humanitate accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|543|[[Aeneis/Liber I#543|543.]]}} {{sc|'''at sperate deos'''}}  abusive ‘timete’, ut alibi &quot;hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem&quot;, cum speremus bona, timeamus aduersa. ueteres tamen sperare dicebant deorum auxilia spectare. Plautus in milite &quot;deos sperabo, teque postremo tamen&quot;, in Casina &quot;diis sum fretus, deos speravimus&quot;. sane opportune post blanda principia ista ponuntur; prodest enim nonnumquam subtiliter obiurgare quem roges. {{sc|'''memores fandi atqve nefandi'''}} iusti et iniusti. et bene ‘memores’, quia etiamsi non statim puniant crimina, sunt tamen memores, ut Horatius &quot;raro antecedentem scelestum deseruit pede poena claudo&quot;. et dicendo ‘fandi atque nefandi’ significat ‘prout meriti fueritis’. 

{{ancora+|544|[[Aeneis/Liber I#544|544.]]}} {{sc|'''rex erat'''}}  bene medio uerbo usus est ‘erat’, ne si ‘fuit’ dixisset, fiduciam abiecisse uideretur. 

{{ancora+|545|[[Aeneis/Liber I#545|545.]]}} {{sc|'''nec pietate fvit'''}}  multum interest inter iustitiam et pietatem; nam pietas pars iustitiae est, sicut severitas. nunc ergo hoc dicit, qua parte sit iustus, id est pietate. et bene duo laudat in Aenea: pietatem, quam a Didone inpetrare contendit, et uirtutem, quam uult timeri. {{sc|'''qvo ivstior alter nec pietate fvit nec bello maior et armis'''}} qui et beneficium referre potest, et uindicare. {{sc|'''bello maior et armis'''}} non est iteratio; nam bellum et consilium habet, ‘arma’ tantum in actu ipso sunt. {{sc|'''bello maior et armis'''}} hoc est scientia rei militaris et uiribus dimicandi, ut aliud ⟨sit⟩ animi, aliud corporis. 

{{ancora+|546|[[Aeneis/Liber I#546|546.]]}} {{sc|'''qvem si fata virvm servant'''}}  unum sensum in tres partes divisit, et potuit reprehendi idem dixisse, nisi ostenderet eum libenter uoto suo inmorari. tale est illud &quot;si numina uestra incolumem Pallanta mihi&quot; et cetera. {{sc|'''si vescitvr avra'''}} uescor illa re, ut alibi &quot;uescitur Aeneas simul et Troiana iuventus perpetui tergo bovis et lustralibus extis&quot;. nec nos decipiat quod dicit Plinius, ut elocutiones ex similibus formemus; nam ecce comedo illam rem dicimus, nec tamen uescor illam rem. et ipse enim dicit non usquequaque hoc esse faciendum. {{sc|'''si vescitvr avra'''}} uerbum inchoativum sine praeterito tempore et quod a se nascitur. sane hic ‘uescitur’ pro fruitur posuit; nam non comedit auram, sed uivit ea. 

{{ancora+|547|[[Aeneis/Liber I#547|547.]]}} {{sc|'''aetheria avra'''}}  quia animum aere, corpus cibo potione et ceteris diligenter nutrimus. 

{{ancora+|548|[[Aeneis/Liber I#548|548.]]}} {{sc|'''non metvs'''}}  hoc loco distinguendum est. cuius autem rei, ex sequentibus probat; nam uult eam non timere, ne inaniter praestet. alii ‘non metus officio’ legunt et hunc sensum dicunt: non metuo pro officio nostro, id est non timeo, ne non sit unde satisfaciamus officio ac parem gratiam reddamus. {{sc|'''officio nec te certasse priorem paeniteat'''}} nec tibi parum uideatur prima beneficia praestitisse, cum possis maiora recipere. nam ‘paeniteat’ parum uideatur est, ut in heauton timorumeno &quot;at enim quantum hic operis fiat paenitet&quot;, hoc est parum uidetur. sane ‘certasse’ quidam provocasse accipiunt, ut Terentius &quot;beneficiis si certasset audisset bene&quot;. officium autem est, quod Graeci g-to g-kathekon appellant. Cicero de Marcello &quot;noli igitur in conservandis bonis uiris defetigari, non cupiditate praesertim aliqua aut pravitate lapsis, sed opinione officii stulta fortasse, certe non inproba&quot;. 

{{ancora+|549|[[Aeneis/Liber I#549|549.]]}} {{sc|'''svnt et sicvlis regionibvs vrbes'''}}  id est gratiam reddere possumus: arma latenter minatur. 


{{ancora+|550|[[Aeneis/Liber I#550|550.]]}} {{sc|'''troianoqve a sangvine clarvs acestes'''}}  cum Laomedon promissam murorum mercedem Neptuno et Apollini denegasset, Neptunus iratus Troiae inmisit cetos quod eam uastaret. unde Apollo consultus, cum et ipse irasceretur, contraria respondit dicens, obiciendas puellas nobiles beluae. quod cum fieret timens Hippotes quidam nobilis filiae Egestae, cum Laomedontis regis Hesiona iam esset orta seditione religata, inpositam eam navi misit quo fors tulisset. haec ad Siciliam delata a Crimisso fluvio, quem Crinisum Vergilius poetica licentia uocat, conuerso in ursum uel canem conpressa edidit Acesten, qui ex matris nomine civitatem Troianis condidit, quae hodie Segesta nominatur. {{sc|'''troianoqve a sangvine clarvs acestes'''}} bene Troiano, ut necesse habeat si passi fuerint iniuriam uindicare, quod in principio bene tacuit. de Aceste autem fabula talis. cum Laomedon promissam murorum mercedem Neptuno et Apollini denegasset, Neptunus iratus Troiae inmisit cetos per quod uicina litoris uastarentur. unde Apollo consultus, cum et ipse irasceretur, contraria respondit dicens obiciendas puellas nobiles beluae. quod cum saepe fieret et Laomedontis Hesiona iam esset ad scopulum orta seditione religata, non nulli parentes peregre mittere filias quam domi perdere maluerunt; nam alii avehendas mercatoribus tradiderunt. timens Hippotes uel ipsostratus filiam Egestam inpositam navi misit quo fors tulisset. haec ad Siciliam uentis delata a Crimisso fluvio, quem Crinisum Vergilius poetica licentia uocat, conuerso in ursum, uel ut quidam uolunt in canem, conpressa edidit Egestum, quem Vergilius Acestem uocat, qui matris nomine civitatem Troianis condidit, quae ante Egesta post Segesta nominata est. 

{{ancora+|551|[[Aeneis/Liber I#551|551.]]}} {{sc|'''qvassatam ventis'''}}  quamuis sit iusta petitio, tamen prope inuidiose ostendit, quam sit res quam petit exigua. {{sc|'''svbdvcere'''}} in terram trahere, hoc est subductam curare. deducere autem in mare mittere, ut &quot;deducunt naves socii&quot;. 

{{ancora+|552|[[Aeneis/Liber I#552|552.]]}} {{sc|'''aptare'''}} aptas legere. legitur et ‘optare’, sed utrumque eligere significat. uel ‘aptare’ adiungere uel adfigere, ut &quot;stellis ardentibus aptum&quot;. {{sc|'''stringere remos'''}} aut defrondare, ut &quot;agricolae stringunt frondes&quot;, aut ‘fractos stringere remos’, id est ligare, quia supra dixerat &quot;franguntur remi&quot;. 

{{ancora+|553|[[Aeneis/Liber I#553|553.]]}} {{sc|'''sociis et rege recepto'''}}  syllepsis per numeros, ut &quot;hic illius arma, hic currus fuit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|554|[[Aeneis/Liber I#554|554.]]}} {{sc|'''sin absvmpta salvs'''}}  hoc est, si periit Aeneas, qui Troianorum salus est. {{sc|'''pater optime'''}} mira laus, cum et patrem et optimum dicit. 

{{ancora+|556|[[Aeneis/Liber I#556|556.]]}} {{sc|'''nec spes iam restat ivli'''}}  bene de Ascanio spem dicit propter aetatem, ut &quot;Ascanium surgentem&quot; et &quot;spes surgentis Iuli&quot;. sane et hic tribus inmoratur quae metuit, ut supra in uoto. 

{{ancora+|557|[[Aeneis/Liber I#557|557.]]}} {{sc|'''at freta sicaniae'''}}  bene recessuros se dicunt. ‘freta’ autem, quia freto a Sicilia dividitur Italia. sane quidam a feruore dici putant. et Sicanos quidam autochthonas tradunt, quidam ex Hiberia profugos de nomine fluminis Sicoris, quem reliquerant, Sicaniam nominasse. {{sc|'''sedesqve paratas'''}} propter Acestis cognationem. 

{{ancora+|558|[[Aeneis/Liber I#558|558.]]}} {{sc|'''regem'''}} aut qui nunc rex est, aut qui etiam noster futurus est. 

{{ancora+|559|[[Aeneis/Liber I#559|559.]]}} {{sc|'''talibvs ilionevs'''}}  aut subaudis ‘loquebatur’, aut ex posterioribus ‘fremebant’ intellegis. {{sc|'''ore fremebant'''}} hoc est consentiebant. et bene ‘ore’, quia et armis possumus fremere. {{sc|'''ore fremebant'''}} aut probantes Ilionei dicta aut rogantes Didonem. 


{{ancora+|560|[[Aeneis/Liber I#560|560.]]}} {{sc|'''dardanidae'''}} haec hemistichia Vergilius nominabat, quae in emendando carmine fuerat repleturus. 

{{ancora+|561|[[Aeneis/Liber I#561|561.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm breviter dido'''}}  atqui non breviter loquitur. sed breve et longum, paruum et magnum perfectum nihil habent, sed per conparationem intelleguntur, ut supra de provincia &quot;est locus&quot; orbis, ut diximus, conparatione. item hoc loco ‘breviter’, id est minus, quam Ilioneus. et notandum regum esse breviloquium, ut multis in Vergilio locis probatur, feminarum uerecundiam: unde utrumque dedit Didoni. {{sc|'''vvltvm demissa'''}} nota figura est, ut &quot;oculos suffusa nitentes&quot;. dicendo autem ‘uultum demissa’ aliud genus officii adiecit. 

{{ancora+|562|[[Aeneis/Liber I#562|562.]]}} {{sc|'''solvite corde metvm tevcri'''}}  sicut supra Iovis oratio, partim obiecta purgat partim petita promittit. sciendum sane, quia cum petuntur uel promittuntur aliqua, a ualidissimis inchoandum est, ut hoc loco. et est genus argumenti a necessario. {{sc|'''solvite corde metvm tevcri'''}} qui pollicetur statim debet promittere, tunc subiungere si qua uult, ne exspectatione suspensus detineatur auditor. nam et in Aeoli oratione statim promittit. {{sc|'''seclvdite cvras'''}} iteratio est ad augmentum benivolentiae, hoc est, ad confirmandum supplicum animum. ‘secludite’ uero pro excludite: quod fit aut propter hiatum, aut propter suavitatem, ut a, &quot;silice in nuda conixa reliquit&quot; pro enixa. 

{{ancora+|563|[[Aeneis/Liber I#563|563.]]}} {{sc|'''res dvra'''}}  ac si diceret ‘est quiddam’. et duo formidat: uicinos barbaros et fratris aduentum, quae propter novitatem personarum generaliter dicens reliquit. {{sc|'''res dvra'''}} oportebat ex aliqua parte enuntiari domus calamitatem. uel ideo ‘res dura’, quod femina est. {{sc|'''et regni novitas'''}} quae semper habet timorem. 

{{ancora+|564|[[Aeneis/Liber I#564|564.]]}} {{sc|'''moliri'''}} bene non facere, sed ‘moliri’, ut terroris sit, non crudelitatis. 

{{ancora+|565|[[Aeneis/Liber I#565|565.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis genvs aeneadvm'''}}  satis propere dixit Aeneadas, quamquam ab Ilioneo audierit ‘rex erat Aeneas nobis’, nec haec in opere inemendato miranda sunt. quamuis alii prolepsim uelint esse. {{sc|'''troiae nesciat vrbem'''}} aut Ilium dicit, quod in Troia est, aut ‘Troiae urbem’, ut &quot;urbem Patavi, urbem Buthroti&quot;. 

{{ancora+|566|[[Aeneis/Liber I#566|566.]]}} {{sc|'''incendia belli'''}}  id est uim; semper enim diluvio et incendio conparat bellum, ut &quot;in segetem ueluti cum flamma furentibus austris incidit aut rapidus montano gurgite torrens&quot;. {{sc|'''incendia belli'''}} aut ardorem simpliciter belli, quia semper diluvio et incendio et tempestati conparat bellum, ut &quot;in segetem ueluti cum flamma f- a- i- aut rapidus montano flumine torrens&quot; et alibi &quot;saevis effusa Mycenis tempestas ierit&quot;: aut potest subtilius dictum accipi, quod Ilium conflagravit incendio. 

{{ancora+|567|[[Aeneis/Liber I#567|567.]]}} {{sc|'''non obtvsa adeo'''}}  aut non multum, uel ualde, ut in Terentio &quot;adulescentem adeo nobilem&quot; et &quot;si adeo digna res est, ubi tu neruos intendas tuos&quot;: aut ‘non adeo’, ut tu dicis, ut Troianorum famam ignoremus. ‘obtusa’ uero stulta, id est crudelia, ut merito Sol equos suos ab ista urbe devertat. 

{{ancora+|568|[[Aeneis/Liber I#568|568.]]}} {{sc|'''nec tam aversvs eqvos tyria sol ivngit ab vrbe'''}}  fabula quidem hoc habet: Atreum et Thyestem germanos, cum in dissensione sibi nocere non possent, in simulatam gratiam redisse: qua occasione Thyestes cum fratris uxore concubuit, Atreus uero ei filium epulandum adposuit: quae Sol ne uidendo pollueretur, aufugit. sed ueritatis hoc est: Atreum apud Mycenas primum solis eclipsin invenisse, cui inuidens frater ex urbe discessit tempore quo eius probata sunt dicta. {{sc|'''nec tam a- e- t- s- i- a- v-'''}} hoc est non in alio orbe habitamus. 

{{ancora+|569|[[Aeneis/Liber I#569|569.]]}} {{sc|'''sev vos hesperiam magnam'''}}  g-megaleh enim g-Hellas appellata est Italia, quia a Tarento usque ad Cumas omnes civitates Graeci condiderunt. 


{{ancora+|570|[[Aeneis/Liber I#570|570.]]}} {{sc|'''sive erycis fines'''}}  Eryx Veneris et Butae, uel ut quidam uolunt Neptuni filius fuit, qui praepotens uiribus advenas caestibus provocabat uictosque perimebat. hic occisus ab Hercule monti ex sepultura sua nomen inposuit: in quo matris fecerat templum, quod Aeneae adscribit poeta dicens &quot;tum uicina astris Erycino in uertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae&quot;. in hoc autem monte dicitur etiam Anchises sepultus, licet secundum Catonem ad Italiam venerit. {{sc|'''erycis fines'''}} id est Siciliam. 

{{ancora+|571|[[Aeneis/Liber I#571|571.]]}} {{sc|'''avxilio tvtos dimittam'''}}  non sine ordine poeta inducit Didonem et credentem ignotis et tam facile tanta promittentem; si enim bene aduertatur, de illo loco pendet &quot;in primis regina quietum accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|572|[[Aeneis/Liber I#572|572.]]}} {{sc|'''vvltis et his'''}}  deest ‘uel si’. 

{{ancora+|573|[[Aeneis/Liber I#573|573.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem qvam statvo vestra est'''}}  multi antiptosin uolunt, accusativum pro nominativo, ut sit pro ‘urbs quam statuo uestra est’. sed si sic intellegamus, ‘quam’ nihilominus sequitur et syllepsis fit per casus mutationem; debuit enim dicere ‘urbs quae statuitur uestra est’. melius ergo est ‘uultis’ bis intellegere, ut sit ‘uultis regnis considere? uultis urbem quam statuo? uestra est’, ut est &quot;eruet ille Argos Agamemnoniasque Mycenas ipsumque Aeaciden&quot;: subaudis ‘ille’. alter enim Pyrrhum uicit, alter Mycenas. item &quot;non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco&quot;. {{sc|'''vrbem qvam statvo vestra est'''}} hoc schema de antiquioribus sumptum possumus accipere; ait enim Cato in legem Voconiam &quot;agrum quem uir habet tollitur&quot; et Terentius &quot;eunuchum quem dedisti nobis, quas turbas dedit&quot;. 

{{ancora+|574|[[Aeneis/Liber I#574|574.]]}} {{sc|'''agetvr'''}} regetur. 

{{ancora+|575|[[Aeneis/Liber I#575|575.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve vtinam'''}}  dicendo ‘utinam’ et humanitatem suam ostendit et Aeneae se cupidam. {{sc|'''noto compvlsvs eodem'''}} aut quovis uento, aut re uera Noto, qui de syrtibus Carthaginem ducit; supra enim Ilioneus &quot;in uada caeca tulit penitusque procacibus austris&quot;. EODEM ‘o’ naturaliter longa est, sed si corripiatur metri est, ut &quot;steteruntque comae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|576|[[Aeneis/Liber I#576|576.]]}} {{sc|'''adforet'''}} adveniat; temporis est futuri. {{sc|'''eqvidem'''}} in omni Vergilio ‘ego quidem’ significat, sed in aliis et pro ‘quidem’ tantum ponitur, ut Tullius &quot;equidem ego ceteras tempestates&quot;. item Persius &quot;non equidem hoc dubites amborum foedere certo consentire dies&quot;. {{sc|'''certos'''}} aut ueloces, aut fideles; utrumque enim hoc loco significat. aliquando et firmos, uel fortes, ut Sallustius &quot;apud latera certos locaverat&quot;, ut Vergilius &quot;tam certa tulistis pectora&quot;. aliquando et deliberati iudicii, ut &quot;certus iter&quot;. {{sc|'''certos'''}} qui cito inveniant. contrario incertos pro tardis. Sallustius &quot;et onere turrium incertis navibus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|577|[[Aeneis/Liber I#577|577.]]}} {{sc|'''et libyae'''}}  g-katachrehstikos nam Dido Libyae regna non retinet. {{sc|'''et libyae lustrare e- i-'''}} ut ostendat uoluntatem et libenter se misisse, qui Aeneam quaererent. 

{{ancora+|578|[[Aeneis/Liber I#578|578.]]}} {{sc|'''eiectvs'''}} naufragus, ut &quot;eiectum litore egentem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|579|[[Aeneis/Liber I#579|579.]]}} {{sc|'''animvm arrecti'''}}  nota figura est. 


{{ancora+|580|[[Aeneis/Liber I#580|580.]]}} {{sc|'''iamdvdvm'''}} et cito, uel quam primum significat, ut &quot;iamdudum sumite poenas&quot;, et olim, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|582|[[Aeneis/Liber I#582|582.]]}} {{sc|'''svrgit'''}} oritur. et est translatio corporis ad animum, ut alibi &quot;stat conferre manum Aeneae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|583|[[Aeneis/Liber I#583|583.]]}} {{sc|'''classem sociosqve receptos'''}}  syllepis per numeros. ‘receptos’ de maris periculo liberatos, ut &quot;frugesque receptas&quot;, uel a Didone; nam et ab ea timuerant, ut ait &quot;laetitiaque metuque&quot;. 

{{ancora+|584|[[Aeneis/Liber I#584|584.]]}} {{sc|'''vnvs abest'''}}  Oronten significat. {{sc|'''qvem vidimvs ipsi svbmersvm'''}} quod ante doloris fuerat, ut &quot;ipsius ante oculos&quot;, nunc consolationis est, cum cernit omnes incolomes. 

{{ancora+|585|[[Aeneis/Liber I#585|585.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis respondent cetera matris'''}}  modo congruunt, consentiunt, quia dixerat supra &quot;namque tibi reduces socios&quot;. alibi ‘respondet’ respicit, ut &quot;respondet Gnosia tellus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|587|[[Aeneis/Liber I#587|587.]]}} {{sc|'''scindit se nvbes'''}}  nubes tantum dicimus, non nubs, licet dicamus trabs trabes, stirps stirpes, prex preces, plebs plebes. sed de his tantum quae legimus sunt ponenda; non enim artis sunt ista, sed usurpationis, qua metri causa utuntur poetae, ut uel minuant uel augeant nominativum. inde est et supellex supellectilis. {{sc|'''et in aethera pvrgat apertvm'''}} quia aer collectus nubes fecit, ut &quot;atque in nubem cogitur aer&quot;, quae puriore uento dissoluitur in aerem. 

{{ancora+|588|[[Aeneis/Liber I#588|588.]]}} {{sc|'''restitit aeneas'''}}  abscedente scilicet nube. {{sc|'''claraqve in lvce refvlsit'''}} laus est nimiae pulchritudinis, cui nec lucis claritas derogavit. 

{{ancora+|589|[[Aeneis/Liber I#589|589.]]}} {{sc|'''os vmerosqve deo similis'''}}  similes umeros habens deo. et est Graeca figura, ut diximus supra. {{sc|'''ipsa'''}} aut quod sequitur ‘nato genetrix’, aut certe ‘ipsa’, id est pulchritudinis dea. 


{{ancora+|590|[[Aeneis/Liber I#590|590.]]}} {{sc|'''decoram caesariem'''}}  a caedendo dicta caesaries, ergo tantum uirorum est. quod autem dicit ‘decoram’ uult etiam in Aenea naturalem fuisse pulchritudinem, ne si totum tribuat Veneri, nihil Aeneae sit reliquum, uel contra nihil relinquatur matris favori: quod sequens melius indicat conparatio. ut Horatius &quot;fortes creantur fortibus&quot; magna arte nec eruditioni aliquid nec natalibus derogat. {{sc|'''ivventae'''}} iuventus est multitudo iuvenum, Iuventas dea ipsa, sicut Libertas, iuventa uero aetas; sed haec a poetis confunduntur plerumque. 

{{ancora+|591|[[Aeneis/Liber I#591|591.]]}} {{sc|'''pvrpvrevm'''}} pulchrum, ut Horatius &quot;purpureis ales oloribus&quot;. {{sc|'''laetos honores'''}} non terribiles, ut esse in uiris fortibus solent. 

{{ancora+|592|[[Aeneis/Liber I#592|592.]]}} {{sc|'''manvs'''}} uel artificis, uel ars ipsa. {{sc|'''addvnt'''}} bene ‘addunt’, quia et ipsa materies habet naturalem pulchritudinem. {{sc|'''ebori decvs'''}} ebur a barro dictum, id est elephanto, ut Horatius &quot;quid tibi uis, mulier, nigris dignissima barris?&quot; sane naturam huius nominis nec derivatio nec obliqui casus reservant. et eboris enim et eburneus facit, non eburis, sicut murmuris. 

{{ancora+|593|[[Aeneis/Liber I#593|593.]]}} {{sc|'''parivsve lapis'''}}  candidissimus est, lygdinus nomine, qui apud Parum nascitur. PARIVSVE LAPIS C. A. ut in decimo &quot;qualis gemma micat, fuluum quae dividit aurum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|594|[[Aeneis/Liber I#594|594.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm sic'''}}  quid est ‘sic’? et sui gratia praepotens et matris auxilio. 

{{ancora+|595|[[Aeneis/Liber I#595|595.]]}} {{sc|'''inprovisvs'''}} bene, quia maiora nobis et pulchriora solent uideri, non paulatim aliqua, sed subito stupenda conspicere. {{sc|'''coram qvem qvaeritis'''}} hoc loco distinguendum; nam si unum esset, ‘adest’ diceret, non ‘adsum’. et coram non nulli ad personam, ut ‘coram Vergilio’, palam ad omnes referri uolunt, ut ‘palam omnibus’. Varro &quot;coram de praesentibus nobis, palam etiam de absentibus&quot;. sane coram quidam aduerbium putant, quia non subsequitur casus, quidam praepositionem loquellis, non casibus seruientem. 

{{ancora+|596|[[Aeneis/Liber I#596|596.]]}} {{sc|'''ereptvs'''}} liberatus; et utitur poeta familiarius hoc uerbo &quot;eripe me his, inuicte, malis&quot; et &quot;eripui, fateor, leto me&quot;. 

{{ancora+|597|[[Aeneis/Liber I#597|597.]]}} {{sc|'''o sola'''}}  propter Polymestoris factum, qui fide uiolata defecit ad Graecos, ut habemus in tertio. {{sc|'''miserata'''}} et miseror et misereor unum significat, sed miseror accusativum regit, ut hoc loco, item &quot;nec miseratus amantem est&quot;, misereor genetivum, unde est &quot;miserere animi non digna ferentis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|598|[[Aeneis/Liber I#598|598.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae nos reliqvias danavm'''}}  si Troianos significat, simpliciter intellegis; si ad se refert, quod Achillem evasit favore Neptuni. ‘Danaum’ autem pro Danaorum. TERRAEQUE MARISQUE ‘terrae’ propter Cretensem pestilentiam, ‘maris’ propter Orontis interitum. 

{{ancora+|599|[[Aeneis/Liber I#599|599.]]}} {{sc|'''omnibvs exhavstis'''}}  ueteres sic dicebant ‘clades hausi’, id est pertuli. {{sc|'''omnivm egenos'''}} egeo honestius genetivo iungitur quam ablativo, cui iungit Cicero, ut &quot;eget ille senatu&quot;. item contra Vergilius &quot;quorum indiget usus&quot;. quidam autem ‘egenos’ pro egentes dictum tradunt, nomen pro participio. 


{{ancora+|600|[[Aeneis/Liber I#600|600.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbe domo socias'''}}  hoc est et publico et privato dignaris hospitio. 

{{ancora+|601|[[Aeneis/Liber I#601|601.]]}} {{sc|'''non opis est nostrae dido'''}}  ‘opis’ possibilitatis. et secundum Ateium philologum opes numero tantum plurali divitias significant, ut &quot;Troianas ut opes&quot;, numero tantum singulari auxilium, ut &quot;fer opem, serva me obsecro&quot;, ab utroque possibilitatem. {{sc|'''nec qvicqvid vbiqve est'''}} meminit historiae. multi enim post excidium Troiae orbis diversa tenuerunt, ut Helenus Epirum, Antenor Venetiam, alii Sardiniam secundum Sallustium, alii uicina syrtibus loca secundum Lucanum, ut &quot;portusque quietos ostendit Libyae Phrygio placuisse magistro&quot;. 

{{ancora+|603|[[Aeneis/Liber I#603|603.]]}} {{sc|'''di tibi'''}}  ordo est ‘dii tibi praemia ferant’. {{sc|'''si qva pios respectant nvmina'''}} si quidem, ut Horatius &quot;si tamen impiae non tangenda rates transiliunt uada&quot;; nec enim congruit optare dubitantem: aut certe ad se rettulit, qui cum pius esset, tot laborabat incommodis. {{sc|'''si qua pios r- n- s- q- v- i- e-'''}} ‘qua’ et ‘quid’ addidit, erat enim integrum ‘si pios numina respiciunt et iustitia usquam est’. 

{{ancora+|604|[[Aeneis/Liber I#604|604.]]}} {{sc|'''si qvid vsqvam ivstitiae est'''}}  si ualet apud homines iustitia. {{sc|'''et mens sibi conscia recti'''}} secundum Stoicos, qui dicunt, ipsam uirtutem esse pro praemio, etiamsi nulla sint praemia. 

{{ancora+|605|[[Aeneis/Liber I#605|605.]]}} {{sc|'''ferant'''}} adferant uel tribuant. {{sc|'''qvae te tam laeta tvlervnt saecvla'''}} alibi &quot;nati melioribus annis&quot;; felicitas enim temporum ex nascentum meritis comprobatur, ut e contrario Terentius &quot;hocine saeculum! o scelera, o genera sacrilega!&quot; et digna laus regibus, ut bono tempore nati esse dicantur. 

{{ancora+|606|[[Aeneis/Liber I#606|606.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi tanti talem genvere parentes'''}}  secundum artem rhetoricam parentes quos ignorat laudat ex liberis. simul sciendum omnia hoc loco laudis praecepta servata; nam et a parentibus laudat, ut ‘qui tanti talem genuere parentes’; et ab ipsa, ut ‘urbe domo socias’; et a futuro, ut ‘nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt’. ‘talem’ autem, tam iustam, tam piam. 

{{ancora+|607|[[Aeneis/Liber I#607|607.]]}} {{sc|'''in freta'''}}  abusive modo maria; nam proprie fretum est mare naturaliter mobile, ab undarum feruore nominatum. {{sc|'''dvm montibvs vmbrae lvstrabvnt convexa'''}} alii hoc loco distinguunt et dicunt, quamdiu inclinata in montibus latera umbrae pro solis flexu circumibunt, ut &quot;lustrat aventini montem&quot;: aut ‘lustrabunt’ inumbrabunt, unde lustra et ferarum cubilia et lupanaria per contrarium dicimus, quia parum inlustrantur. alii tamen ‘conuexa sidera’ uolunt, id est pendentia, ut &quot;et caeli conuexa per auras&quot;, id est suspensa, planetasque intellegunt, quia non sunt fixi, sed in aere feruntur. ‘pasci’ autem aquis marinis sidera, id est ignes caelestes, physici docent, secundum quos Lucanus ait &quot;atque undae plus quam quod digerat aer&quot;. alii ‘sidera conuexa’ nobis inminentia, uel quae per conuexum polum pascuntur, uel quae per conuexum disposita exhalatione terrae ali credantur. quidam radios solis pasci asserunt umore terreno. ‘polus’ autem caelum dixit. 

{{ancora+|609|[[Aeneis/Liber I#609|609.]]}} {{sc|'''honos'''}} honor, an honos quaeritur, quia nominativus pluralis ‘res’ terminatus singularem in or mittit, ut amores amor, honores honor, exceptis monosyllabis, ut flos mos ros. 


{{ancora+|610|[[Aeneis/Liber I#610|610.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae me cvmqve vocant terrae'''}}  id est in quibuscumque terris fuero. 

{{ancora+|611|[[Aeneis/Liber I#611|611.]]}} {{sc|'''ilionea'''}} paenultimam huius nominis syllabam natura brevem licentia, qua in nominibus propriis omnes syllabae uocales possunt esse communes, produxit. 

{{ancora+|613|[[Aeneis/Liber I#613|613.]]}} {{sc|'''obstipvit'''}} animo perculsa est, quod iam futuri amoris est signum. {{sc|'''primo aspectv'''}} id est pulchritudine. {{sc|'''sidonia'''}} pro Tyria a uicinitate. 

{{ancora+|614|[[Aeneis/Liber I#614|614.]]}} {{sc|'''casv deinde'''}}  id est miseratione. {{sc|'''et sic ore locvta est'''}} pleonasmos. sic &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;. 

{{ancora+|615|[[Aeneis/Liber I#615|615.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis te nate dea'''}}  quis, qualis; admirantis enim est, non interrogantis, ut &quot;quis globus, o cives!&quot; non enim interrogat ille qui nuntiat. hoc autem Dido, ut post indicat, ex Teucri narratione cognovit. 

{{ancora+|616|[[Aeneis/Liber I#616|616.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae vis'''}}  qualis. {{sc|'''inmanibvs oris'''}} ut Sallustius &quot;mare saevum, inportuosum&quot;. {{sc|'''inmanibvs oris'''}} non de suo regno ait, sed illas oras significat, quas Ilioneus ait &quot;per inuia saxa dispulit&quot;. {{sc|'''adplicat'''}} secundum praesentem usum per ‘d’ prima syllaba scribitur, secundum antiquam orthographiam, quae praepositionum ultimam litteram in uicinam mutabat, per ‘p’, secundum euphoniam per ‘a’ tantum. praepositio enim cum ad conpositionem transierit aut uim suam retinet, ut indico, aut mutat ultimam litteram, ut sufficio, aut perdit, ut coemo. 

{{ancora+|617|[[Aeneis/Liber I#617|617.]]}} {{sc|'''tvne ille aeneas'''}}  et hoc admirativum, non interrogativum. ‘ille’ autem honoris est, ut &quot;sic Iuppiter ille monebat&quot;, uel ‘tune ille’ uidetur beneficium Veneris admirari in eo, quem adamatura est. {{sc|'''dardanio anchisae'''}} bene Anchisen addidit, ne cui diceret esset incertum; cum multis enim Venus concubuit. sed sciendum Anchisen, ut fabula loquitur, pastorem fuisse et cum eo amato Venerem concubuisse. unde Aeneas circa Simoin fluvium natus est; deae enim uel nymphae enituntur circa fluvios uel nemora. quod cum iactaret Anchises, adflatus fulmine oculoque privatus est. 

{{ancora+|619|[[Aeneis/Liber I#619|619.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrvm memini sidona venire'''}}  quidam ‘memini venire’ pro ‘memini venisse’ accipiunt. {{sc|'''tevcrvm sidona venire'''}} historia hoc habet, Herculem cum Colchos iret perdito Hyla, qui aquatum profectus, ut fabula loquitur, a nymphis adamatus et raptus est, ut ueritas habet, lapsus in fontem altissimum necatus est, post peragratam Mysiam navibus Troiam venisse. a cuius portu cum eum Laomedon arceret, occisus est, et eius filia Hesiona belli iure sublata comiti Telamoni tradita est, qui primus ascenderat murum, unde Teucer natus est; nam Aiacem ex alia constat esse procreatum. tunc Hercules Priamum quoque redemptum a uicinis hostibus in paterno regno locavit: unde et Priamus dictus est g-apo g-tou g-priasthai, id est emi. ceterum quae de liberata dicuntur Hesiona constat esse fabulosa. sed Teucer cum Troia eversa sine fratre esset reversus, qui se furore propter perdita Achillis arma interemerat, uel, ut quidam uolunt, quia non defenderat Aiacis fratris interitum, ut alii, quod ossa fratris non rettulisset, ut non nulli, quod Tecmessam concubinam uel eius fratris filium Eurysacen ad avum Telamona de Troia secum non reduxerit, quia ille alia navi uectus felicius navigaverat, Salamine pulsus a patre Sidona venit, ex quo Dido cuncta cognovit. Aiax autem Achillis patruelis frater fuerat, quoniam Telamon et Peleus fratres fuerunt, Aeaci filii. 


{{ancora+|621|[[Aeneis/Liber I#621|621.]]}} {{sc|'''belvs'''}} quidam alium patrem Elissae dicunt. {{sc|'''opimam'''}} pro opulentam non nulli accipiunt. {{sc|'''vastabat cyprvm'''}} quam subactam concessit Teucro, ut in ea conlocaret imperium, qui ex responso Apollinis illuc perrexerat et civitatem Salaminam ex nomine patriae ibi condidit, licet alii dicant ab ipso Teucro Cypri superatos incolas et sic conditam civitatem: unde ‘auxilio Beli’ accipi potest, etiam Teucro auxilium a Belo ad occupationem insulae praestitum. 

{{ancora+|622|[[Aeneis/Liber I#622|622.]]}} {{sc|'''dicione'''}} potestas dictis constat, id est imperio. et quaerendus nominativus huius nominis. sed de hac re historia longe aliud continet. 

{{ancora+|623|[[Aeneis/Liber I#623|623.]]}} {{sc|'''casvs'''}} hoc loco ruinae, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;, non fortunae intellegendus est casus. 

{{ancora+|624|[[Aeneis/Liber I#624|624.]]}} {{sc|'''pelasgi'''}} Graeci a Pelasgo Iovis et Larissae filio. 

{{ancora+|625|[[Aeneis/Liber I#625|625.]]}} {{sc|'''ipse hostis tevcros'''}}  Troianorum laudis exaggeratio, quod etiam ab hoste laudantur. et quidam ‘hostis’ singularem, quidam pluralem legunt. {{sc|'''lavde'''}} quidam pro uirtute accipiunt, ut &quot;primam merui qui laude coronam&quot;. {{sc|'''ferebat'''}} laudabat, praeferebat. 

{{ancora+|626|[[Aeneis/Liber I#626|626.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrorvm a stirpe volebat'''}}  propter genus maternum, ut supra diximus. et plus est quod dixit ‘uolebat’, quasi materno gaudens refutaret genus paternum. sane ‘stirps’ cum de origine dicimus generis feminini est, ut &quot;heu stirpem inuisam&quot;, cum de ligno masculini &quot;sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum&quot;. 

{{ancora+|627|[[Aeneis/Liber I#627|627.]]}} {{sc|'''tectis svccedite nostris'''}}  ad conuivium uocat; nam iam supra dixit ‘urbe, domo socias’. dicitur autem ‘o tectis succedite’, ut &quot;succeditque gemens stabulis&quot;, et &quot;tecto adsuetus coluber succedere&quot;. 

{{ancora+|628|[[Aeneis/Liber I#628|628.]]}} {{sc|'''me qvoqve'''}}  quemadmodum uos. {{sc|'''similis fortvna'''}} scilicet aduersa. 

{{ancora+|629|[[Aeneis/Liber I#629|629.]]}} {{sc|'''demvm'''}} postea. 


{{ancora+|630|[[Aeneis/Liber I#630|630.]]}} {{sc|'''non ignara mali miseris svccvrrere disco'''}}  quare ‘non disco’? quia non sum ignara; bis enim intellegimus ‘non’, ut supra diximus. sic Sallustius &quot;segnior neque minus gravis et multiplex cura&quot;. 

{{ancora+|631|[[Aeneis/Liber I#631|631.]]}} {{sc|'''simvl aenean in regia dvcit tecta'''}}  et hoc et quod sequitur uidetur auspicium nuptiarum. 

{{ancora+|632|[[Aeneis/Liber I#632|632.]]}} {{sc|'''simvl divvm templis indicit honorem'''}}  apud maiores nostros mos fuit, ut magistratus post res serias quae consulto peragebantur in fine actus adderent ‘diis honorem dico’, uel alio modo ‘hinc ad deos’, quod poeta, amator antiquitatis, subtiliter docet; infert enim Didonem post habitum cum Aenea colloquium et iunctam hospitalitatem, ‘quare agite o tectis iuvenes succedite nostris’ et supra ‘urbem quam statuo uestra est’ et ‘Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur’, post actum publicum, diis sacra iussisse; nam subiungit ‘simul Aenean in regia ducit tecta, simul divum templis indicit honorem’. {{sc|'''indicit honorem'''}} id est iussit fieri supplicationes. et bene ‘indicit’, quia Troiani inopinato venerant. et feriae aut legitimae sunt aut indictae. indici autem dicuntur, quia paupertas maiorum ex conlatione sacrificabat, aut certe de bonis damnatorum: unde et supplicia dicuntur supplicationes, quae sunt de bonis supplicia passorum. Sallustius &quot;in suppliciis deorum magnifici&quot;. hinc etiam sacrum et venerabile et exsecrandum intellegimus, quia sacrae res de bonis exsecrandorum fiebant. {{sc|'''indicit honorem'''}} indictiva sacrificia dicebantur quae subito ad praesens tempus indicebantur. dicebantur sacra et honoraria, quod utrumque hoc loco complexus uidetur. 

{{ancora+|635|[[Aeneis/Liber I#635|635.]]}} {{sc|'''terga svvm'''}}  non declinatio ‘u’ litteram hoc loco geminat, sed ratio nominis in quo est ‘u’, sicut et in ‘rum’ mittit genetivum pluralem non per declinationem, sed quia est in nomine ‘r’, ut patrum. alituum uero ubi legimus, parenthesis est, sicut Mavortis, nam alitum facit. 

{{ancora+|636|[[Aeneis/Liber I#636|636.]]}} {{sc|'''mvnera laetitiamqve dei'''}}  id est Liberi patris, ac per hoc uinum: aut certe ut multi legunt ‘laetitiamque die’, id est diei, ut supra dicta munera sint multorum dierum usui sufficientia, intellegamus autem missa aliqua etiam ad usum diei. in caesi dilegitur. non nulli ‘dii’ legunt, sicut ueteres ‘famis fami’. Plautus in mercatore &quot;qui aut Nocti, aut Dii, aut Soli, aut Lunae&quot;. sane quidam hunc uersum intellegi non putant posse, ut est ille &quot;quem tibi iam Troia&quot;. 

{{ancora+|637|[[Aeneis/Liber I#637|637.]]}} {{sc|'''splendida instrvitvr'''}}  pro instruitur et splendida fit. {{sc|'''lvxv'''}} modo abundantia, alibi luxuria. et notandum, quia affluentiam ubique exteris gentibus dat, Romanis frugalitatem, qui et duobus tantum cibis utebantur et in atriis sedebant edentes: unde Iuvenalis &quot;quis fercula septem secreto cenavit avus?&quot; et Vergilius &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. {{sc|'''mediis tectis'''}} iuxta cottidianam consuetudinem ait ‘mediis’, ut si dicamus ‘in media domo sua sedens turbatus’. 

{{ancora+|639|[[Aeneis/Liber I#639|639.]]}} {{sc|'''laboratae vestes'''}}  labore perfectae, ut &quot;laboratasque premunt ad pectora ceras&quot;. et est sermo in conpendium coactus, sicut &quot;rapuitque in fomite flammam&quot;, id est raptim fecit. et sane ‘uestes’ non illas dicit quibus induimur, sed stragulas, super quas discumbitur, sic enim dicebantur ‘uestes stragulae’. {{sc|'''ostroqve svperbo'''}} claro, pretioso, id est per se superbo, aut quia superbos faciat. 


{{ancora+|640|[[Aeneis/Liber I#640|640.]]}} {{sc|'''ingens argentvm mensis'''}}  aut subaudi ‘exponunt’, aut mensas argenteas accipe. {{sc|'''caelataqve in avro'''}} insculpta. et nomen hoc in principali aliam habet naturam, in derivatione mutat. nam celum dicitur ferrum ipsum unde operantur argentarii, quod producitur naturaliter, sed in derivatione mutatur; diphthongus namque est ‘caelataque in auro’. 

{{ancora+|641|[[Aeneis/Liber I#641|641.]]}} {{sc|'''fortia facta patrvm'''}}  ueteres enim in conuiviis solebant fortia parentum facta narrare, quae hic etiam insculpta dicit. et hic resoluit poeta illud quod reprehenditur, cur in templo Iunonis non Poenorum, sed Troianorum et Graecorum facta depinxerit, scilicet quod suorum res pretiosiore materia signatas habuerit. {{sc|'''series'''}} ordo conexus. 

{{ancora+|642|[[Aeneis/Liber I#642|642.]]}} {{sc|'''per tot dvcta viros'''}}  a Belo, primo rege Assyriorum, ut &quot;ab antiquo durantia cinnama Belo&quot; usque ad Belum, patrem Didonis, qui et ipse Assyrius fuit, quamuis alio nomine pater Didonis fuisse dicatur. hinc est &quot;quam Belus et omnes a Belo soliti&quot;, cum inter patrem et filiam medius nullus existat. et hoc regis nomen ratione non caret; nam omnes in illis partibus Solem colunt, qui ipsorum lingua El dicitur, unde et g-Hehlios. ergo addita digammo et in fine facta derivatione a Sole regi nomen inposuit. 

{{ancora+|643|[[Aeneis/Liber I#643|643.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneas'''}} sequitur ‘rapidum ad naves’, cetera per parenthesin dicta sunt. 

{{ancora+|644|[[Aeneis/Liber I#644|644.]]}} {{sc|'''rapidvm ad naves praemittit achaten'''}}  non praemittit, nec enim sequitur ipse, sed praerapidum, quod ex adfectu patris, id est eius qui mittit, intellegendum est, non ex Achatae uelocitate. et sic praerapidum dixit, quomodo Terentius &quot;per pol quam paucos&quot;, hoc est perquam paucos; ‘pol’ enim ipsum per se plenum est iurantis aduerbium, cui praepositio separatim numquam cohaeret. 

{{ancora+|645|[[Aeneis/Liber I#645|645.]]}} {{sc|'''ferat'''}} adferat, nuntiet, ut &quot;feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|646|[[Aeneis/Liber I#646|646.]]}} {{sc|'''stat'''}} modo ‘est’, ut &quot;Graio stant nomine dictae&quot;; alias ‘horret’, ut stant lumina flamma et &quot;stabat acuta silex&quot;; item ‘plenum est’, ut &quot;iam puluere caelum stare uident&quot; et &quot;stant et iuniperi et castaneae hirsutae&quot;; item ‘positum est’, ut &quot;stant manibus arae&quot;; item ‘placet’, ut &quot;stat conferre manum Aeneae&quot; et &quot;stat casus renovare omnes&quot;. pro loco ergo hic sermo intellegendus est. 

{{ancora+|647|[[Aeneis/Liber I#647|647.]]}} {{sc|'''iliacis erepta rvinis'''}}  commendat ex loci difficultate, ut &quot;nec tuta mihi ualle reperti&quot;; item ex persona, ut ‘ornatus Argivae Helenae’ et ‘Ilione quod gesserat olim’, ut &quot;hoc Priami gestamen erat&quot;: quemadmodum plerumque ex longinquitate, ut &quot;ex Aethiopia est usque haec&quot;. {{sc|'''erepta'''}} ostendit ualde pretiosa, quae meruerunt ex ruinis civitatis eripi. laborat autem poeta hoc sermone probare, ab Aenea non esse proditam patriam, si ornatus Helenae, quam cum Antenore Troiam prodidisse manifestum est, ex incendio eripuit bellorum casu, non pro praemio proditionis accepit. 

{{ancora+|648|[[Aeneis/Liber I#648|648.]]}} {{sc|'''signis avroqve'''}}  signis aureis, ut &quot;molemque et montes&quot;. {{sc|'''pallam rigentem'''}} duram propter aurum, sicut uel novas uestes uidemus. significat autem tunicopallium, quod secundum Varronem palla dicta est ab inrugatione et mobilitate, quae est et circa finem huiusmodi uestium, g-apo g-tou g-pallein. 

{{ancora+|649|[[Aeneis/Liber I#649|649.]]}} {{sc|'''et circvmtextvm velamen'''}}  cycladem significat. {{sc|'''acantho'''}} genus uirgulti flexuosum, quod uulgo herbacanthum dicunt, in cuius imitationem arte uestis ornatur. Varro ita refert: &quot;Onesicritos ait, in India esse arbores, quae lanam ferant, item Epicadus in Sicilia, quarum floribus quom dempti sint nuclei ex his inplicitis mulieres multiplicem conficere uestem&quot;. hinc uestimenta acanthina appellata. 


{{ancora+|650|[[Aeneis/Liber I#650|650.]]}} {{sc|'''ornatvs argivae helenae'''}}  a uicinitate dixit ‘Argivae’. et paulo post ‘Mycenis’, cum Spartana fuerit, quae civitas est in Laconica; nam legimus &quot;me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnavit adulter&quot;. et uide iam omen infelicitatis futurae, cum adulterae suscipit munera. {{sc|'''qvos illa mycenis'''}} hic quoque commendatio muneris a persona, quae in fuga magni fecerit. 

{{ancora+|651|[[Aeneis/Liber I#651|651.]]}} {{sc|'''pergama cvm peteret'''}}  eo tempore quo a Paride sollicitata est Helena Venere faciente, quae ei praemium pro uictoria, quam de malo aureo acceperat, alienum matrimonium concilians soluerat. nota fabula omnibus traditum est, quamuis uera historia hoc habere dicatur, non sollicitatam a Paride Helenam, sed cum non ei consentiret, ut absente eo tempore Menelao sponte eum sequeretur ad Troiam, expugnata civitate ui a Paride sublatam. unde factum est, ut Paris timore, ne qui eum insequerentur, non recto itinere properaret ad patriam, sed deverteret ad Aegyptum et ad regem Proteum veniret. qui cum esset sacrificus et agnovisset alienam uxorem a Paride raptam, duci eam dicitur subtraxisse et nescio quibus disciplinis phantasma in similitudinem Helenae formatum Paridi dedisse, quod in undecimo plenius invenies. {{sc|'''inconcessosqve hymenaeos'''}} et fato et legibus. Hymenaeus autem ut alii dicunt deus est nuptiarum, ut alii, quidam iuvenis fuit, qui die nuptiarum oppressus ruina est, unde expiationis causa nominatur in nuptiis. falsum est autem; nam uitari magis debuit nomen extincti. sed hoc habet ueritas: Hymenaeus quidam apud Athenas inter bella saevissima uirgines liberavit, quam ob causam nubentes eius inuocant nomen, quasi liberatoris uirginitatis. hinc etiam apud Romanos Thalassio inuocatur. cum enim in raptu Sabinarum plebeius quidam raptam pulcherrimam duceret, ne ei auferretur ab aliis, Thalassionis eam ducis nobilis esse simulavit, cuius nomine fuit puellae tuta uirginitas. 

{{ancora+|652|[[Aeneis/Liber I#652|652.]]}} {{sc|'''extvlerat'''}} secum exportaverat. {{sc|'''matris ledae mirabile donvm'''}} uel quod ipsa filiae, uel quod ei Iuppiter dederat. 

{{ancora+|653|[[Aeneis/Liber I#653|653.]]}} {{sc|'''praeterea sceptrvm ilione'''}}  bene offert munera apta personis, sicut etiam Latino in septimo. {{sc|'''ilione qvod gesserat olim'''}} quia etiam feminae sceptro utebantur. ‘gesserat’ autem pro gestaverat, ut &quot;hoc Priami gestamen erat&quot;. et quaeritur, utrum hoc sceptrum de Thracia, an de Troia sublatum. quidam Aeneae ab Iliona datum dicunt. sed quamuis apta nupturae reginae sint munera, tamen futurorum malorum continere omen uidentur. 

{{ancora+|654|[[Aeneis/Liber I#654|654.]]}} {{sc|'''maxima natarvm priami'''}}  quia ante etiam feminae regnabant, praesertim primogenitae; unde est ‘maxima’. haec autem uxor Polymestoris fuit, quae post captum Ilium eiecta a uiro manu sua interiit. {{sc|'''monile'''}} ornamentum gutturis, quod et segmentum dicunt, ut Iuvenalis &quot;segmenta et longos habitus&quot;, licet segmentatas uestes dicamus, ut ipse &quot;et segmentatis dormisset paruula cunis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|655|[[Aeneis/Liber I#655|655.]]}} {{sc|'''bacatvm'''}} ornatum margaritis. dicimus autem et haec margarita et hoc margaritum et haec margaris, quod Graecum est, quo modo Nais. sane multi separant gemmam a margarita, ut Cicero &quot;nullam gemmam aut margaritam&quot;, et gemmas uolunt dici diversi coloris, margaritas uero albas; uel gemmas integras, margaritas pertusas. {{sc|'''dvplicem'''}} aut latam, ut &quot;duplici aptantur dentalia dorso&quot;, item at &quot;duplex agitur per lumbos spina&quot;: aut certe re uera duplicem gemmis et auro. sane inmiscet Romanam consuetudinem; coronis enim feminae utebantur. 

{{ancora+|656|[[Aeneis/Liber I#656|656.]]}} {{sc|'''haec celerans'''}}  celeriter facere cupiens. 

{{ancora+|657|[[Aeneis/Liber I#657|657.]]}} {{sc|'''at cytherea'''}}  ab insula quae numero tantum plurali dicitur, ut &quot;sunt alta Cythera&quot;. {{sc|'''novas artes'''}} ars ton meson est, unde sine epitheto male ponitur. ueteres autem artes pro dolis ponebant, ut Terentius in heauton timorumeno &quot;offendi quendam ibi militem eius noctem orantem: haec arte tractabat uirum&quot;, item in Phormione &quot;artificem probum&quot;; nam et Graeci g-dolos g-technas dicunt, ut in secundo &quot;periurique arte Sinonis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|658|[[Aeneis/Liber I#658|658.]]}} {{sc|'''faciem mvtatvs'''}}  nota figura est. quod autem addidit ‘et ora’, perissologia est. 

{{ancora+|659|[[Aeneis/Liber I#659|659.]]}} {{sc|'''fvrentem incendat reginam'''}}  incendat et furere faciat, ut &quot;animumque labantem inpulit&quot;. {{sc|'''inplicet'''}} proprie ait; inpliciti enim morbo dicuntur; nam et amor morbus. 


{{ancora+|661|[[Aeneis/Liber I#661|661.]]}} {{sc|'''domvm timet ambigvam'''}}  in qua habitat mutabilis femina, ut &quot;uarium et mutabile semper femina&quot;, item Iuno in quarto &quot;suspectas habuisse domos Carthaginis altae&quot;. {{sc|'''ambigvam'''}} modo incertam. alias ‘ambiguam’ pro gemina duplicique accipitur, ut &quot;agnovit prolem ambiguam&quot;. {{sc|'''bilingves'''}} fallaces; nec enim ad linguam rettulit, sed ad mentem. 

{{ancora+|662|[[Aeneis/Liber I#662|662.]]}} {{sc|'''atrox ivno'''}}  quantum ad Venerem pertinet saeva, non quod ita de ea poeta iudicet. {{sc|'''et svb noctem cvra recvrsat'''}} circa noctem. et sciendum quia, cum tempus significatur, sub praepositio accusativo cohaeret, ut &quot;aut ubi sub lucem densa inter nubila sese diversi rumpunt radii&quot;. et bene ‘sub noctem cura recursat’, quia uehementiores curae uel circa noctem uel per noctem sunt. ‘recursat’ autem recurrit et revertitur; quasi semper in mentem venit. 

{{ancora+|663|[[Aeneis/Liber I#663|663.]]}} {{sc|'''aligervm'''}} compositum a poeta nomen. {{sc|'''ergo his aligervm dictis adfatvr amorem'''}} latini deum ipsum ‘Cupidinem’ uocant, hoc quod facit ‘amorem’. sed hic imitatus est Graecos, qui uno nomine utrumque significant; nam Amorem dixit deum: sed discrevit epitheto. sane numen hoc ratione non caret. nam quia turpitudinis est stulta cupiditas, puer pingitur, ut &quot;inter quas curam Clymene narrabat inanem&quot;, id est amorem, item quia inperfectus est in amantibus sermo, sicut in puero, ut &quot;incipit effari mediaque in uoce resistit&quot;. alatus autem ideo est, quia amantibus nec levius aliquid nec mutabilius invenitur, ut in ipsa probatur Didone; nam de eius interitu cogitat, cuius paulo ante amore deperibat, ut &quot;non potui abreptum divellere corpus&quot;. sagittas uero ideo gestare dicitur, quia et ipsae incertae uelocesque sunt. et haec ratio paene in omnibus aliis numinibus pro potestatum qualitate formatur. 

{{ancora+|664|[[Aeneis/Liber I#664|664.]]}} {{sc|'''nate meae vires'''}}  aut quia Veneria uoluptas exerceri sine amore non potest, aut secundum Simoniden qui dicit, Cupidinem ex Venere tantum esse progenitum: quamquam alii dicant ex ipsa et Marte, alii ex ipsa et Vulcano, alii uero Chai et primae rerum naturae eum esse filium uelint. sane et hic persuasoriam agit, sicut superius, ubi Iuno ad Aeolum loquitur &quot;Aeole, namque tibi&quot;. sed ibi quia dea cum homine loquebatur, principio opus non fuit, hic uero principio usus est, quia dea cum deo loquitur ad benivolentiam comparandam. ‘nate’ ab indulgentissimo nomine: causa amoris ‘mea magna potentia’: quid possit facere ‘qui tela typhoea temnis’: pro quo ‘frater ut Aeneas pelago tuus’: contra quem ‘odiis Iunonis iniquae’: nam quod dicit ‘frater tuus’, non ‘filius meus’, ostendit etiam ei profuturum qui rogatur; nam ex eo genere est illud ‘et nostro doluisti saepe dolore’. sequitur causa ‘hunc Phoenissa tenet Dido’: timor ipsius ‘et uereor quo se Iunonia uertant hospitia’: rem ipsam ‘quocirca capere ante dolis’: modus ‘qua facere id possis’: quamdiu ‘noctem non amplius unam’: an difficile sit ‘et notos pueri puer indue uultus’: quomodo ‘ut cum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido’: subito amabit ‘occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno’: nihil promisit; quid enim promitteret deo? SOLUS, {{sc|'''nate'''}} qui Iovis contemnis fulmina, quae diis ceteris solent esse terrori. 

{{ancora+|665|[[Aeneis/Liber I#665|665.]]}} {{sc|'''patris svmmi'''}}  nunc quidem de Iove proprie dixit. sciendum tamen pro qualitate rerum uel personarum summum deum dici uel patrem; nam unusquisque eum summum putat esse quem colit, ut &quot;summe deum sancti custos Soractis Apollo&quot;. {{sc|'''typhoea'''}} multi ‘Typhoia’ legunt, ut cerialia et cerealea. ‘Typhoea’ autem dixit non quibus Typhoeus usus est, sed quibus Iuppiter in Typhoeum: a spoliis id est uirtute et uictoria epitheton posuit, ut Scipio Africanus et Metellus Creticus. {{sc|'''temnis'''}} aphaeresis est pro contemnis. hac autem laude hoc agit, facile eum posse Iunonem contemnere qui contemnit et Iovem. 

{{ancora+|666|[[Aeneis/Liber I#666|666.]]}} {{sc|'''ad te confvgio'''}}  personarum ratio facit laudis augmentum. {{sc|'''tva nvmina'''}} possibilitatem. et notandum unum deum plura habere numina, ut supra diximus de Iunone. 

{{ancora+|667|[[Aeneis/Liber I#667|667.]]}} {{sc|'''frater vt aeneas'''}}  conciliatio a qualitate personae. ‘ut’ autem est quemadmodum, quod in pronuntiatione extenditur, quando temporis non est. 

{{ancora+|668|[[Aeneis/Liber I#668|668.]]}} {{sc|'''iactetvrqve'''}} uacat ‘que’. {{sc|'''odiis ivnonis iniqvae'''}} iusta causa petitionis ostenditur. ‘odium’ autem ‘o’ in nomine breve est, in uerbo longum, ut ‘odi’, quemadmodum ‘liquor’ ‘li’ brevis est, ‘liquitur’ longa. 

{{ancora+|669|[[Aeneis/Liber I#669|669.]]}} {{sc|'''nota tibi'''}}  Graeca figura est, ut Terentius &quot;mira uero militi quae placeant&quot;. NOSTRO DOLVISTI SAEPE DOLORE ‘nostro’ aut eo quo et ego, aut ‘doluisti’ ideo quia me dolentem uidisti, ut ‘dolea illa re’. 


{{ancora+|670|[[Aeneis/Liber I#670|670.]]}} {{sc|'''phoenissa'''}} de Phoenice. {{sc|'''tenet'''}} moratur. {{sc|'''blandis vocibvs'''}} ideo dixit ‘blandis’, ut ostenderet Didonem facile amore incendi posse, quae ante iam blanda est, quam amat. 

{{ancora+|671|[[Aeneis/Liber I#671|671.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo se ivnonia vertant hospitia'''}}  ‘quo’ in quam partem. ‘Iunonia’ autem ‘hospitia’ Carthaginem dicit, ubi habitabat Iuno, ut &quot;hic illius arma&quot;: aut certe hoc ipsum uereor, quod Aeneae Carthago in hospitium patuit, ut est &quot;timeo Danaos et dona ferentes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|672|[[Aeneis/Liber I#672|672.]]}} {{sc|'''havd tanto cessabit cardine rervm'''}}  aut g-deiktikos dixit, ne in tantum quidem, hoc est brevi occasione cessabit; aut simpliciter intellegendum est, non poterit in tanta rerum opportunitate cessare, ut sit de proverbio tractum, quo dicitur ‘res in cardine est’, hoc est in articulo. quidam sic intellegunt: cum in incerto statutae res sunt, in cardine esse dicuntur, et translationem uerbi a ianua tractam uolunt, quae motu cardinis hac atque illac inpelli potest. 

{{ancora+|673|[[Aeneis/Liber I#673|673.]]}} {{sc|'''qvocirca'''}} quapropter. {{sc|'''meditor'''}} mente pertracto. 

{{ancora+|674|[[Aeneis/Liber I#674|674.]]}} {{sc|'''ne qvo se nvmine mvtet'''}}  ‘quo’ uel uacat, uel pronomen est. et bene supprimit nomen Iunonis, ne eius frequenti commemoratione Cupidinem terreat; magis enim uult eum intellegere, quam audire Iunonem. aut certe aduerbium est, ut sit, timeo ne se numine Dido aliquam commutet in partem. 

{{ancora+|675|[[Aeneis/Liber I#675|675.]]}} {{sc|'''mecvm'''}} id est cum officio Venerio, nec potest intellegi ‘quemadmodum ego’; aliter enim a matre Aeneas amatur, aliter a Didone. {{sc|'''mecvm'''}} per meos amores, id est me adnitente. 

{{ancora+|676|[[Aeneis/Liber I#676|676.]]}} {{sc|'''qva'''}} id est quomodo. {{sc|'''accipe'''}} audi, ut &quot;accipe nunc Danaum insidias&quot;, ut contra ‘da’ dic; ut &quot;da, non indebita posco&quot; et &quot;da Tityre nobis&quot;. {{sc|'''mentem'''}} dispositionem, consilium. 

{{ancora+|677|[[Aeneis/Liber I#677|677.]]}} {{sc|'''accitv'''}} evocatione. et est quartae declinationis. 

{{ancora+|678|[[Aeneis/Liber I#678|678.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem sidoniam'''}}  quam tenent Sidonii. {{sc|'''mea maxima cvra'''}} et Aeneas cura est, sed Ascanius maxima, &quot;cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus debentur&quot;: et ubique Ascanius maxima cura Veneris introducitur, ut &quot;Veneris iustissima cura&quot;, item &quot;hunc tegere et dirae ualeam subducere pugnae&quot;. 

{{ancora+|679|[[Aeneis/Liber I#679|679.]]}} {{sc|'''dona restantia'''}}  quae restiterunt, quae superfuerunt. et ante pelagus posuit, cum post Troiae eversionem navigaverit Aeneas. 

{{ancora+|680|[[Aeneis/Liber I#680|680.]]}} {{sc|'''sopitvm somno'''}}  unum quidem est sopor et somnus, sed modo ‘sopitum’ inrigatum intellegimus. {{sc|'''cythera'''}} sicut supra dictum est genere neutro pluraliter, ut alibi &quot;sunt alta Cythera&quot;. 


{{ancora+|681|[[Aeneis/Liber I#681|681.]]}} {{sc|'''idalivm'''}} Cypri nemus est, in quo oppidum breve, ut paulo post &quot;Idaliae lucos&quot;, item &quot;Idaliumque nemus&quot;. {{sc|'''sacrata sede'''}} uel templi uel oppidi. 

{{ancora+|682|[[Aeneis/Liber I#682|682.]]}} {{sc|'''ne qva'''}}  ‘qua’ uacat, ut frequenter diximus. {{sc|'''medivs'''}} inportunus, incongruus. 

{{ancora+|683|[[Aeneis/Liber I#683|683.]]}} {{sc|'''tv faciem illivs'''}}  ‘faciem’ pro uultu posuit. nullus enim faciem alterius potest accipere, sed uultum, qui pro mentis qualitate formatur: unde infra est ‘et notos pueri puer indue uultus’. {{sc|'''tv faciem illivs'''}} quod difficile numini non est, ut in faciem mutetur alterius. sane ‘illius’ in Georgicis corripuit, ut &quot;illius inmensae&quot;. {{sc|'''noctem non amplivs vnam'''}} ut supra diximus artis poeticae est non omnia dicere: unde nunc praemisit ‘noctem unam’; nec enim dicturus est aut abscessum Cupidinis aut aduentum Ascanii. 

{{ancora+|684|[[Aeneis/Liber I#684|684.]]}} {{sc|'''pveri pver'''}}  argumentum a facili. {{sc|'''laetissima dido'''}} non est epitheton perpetuum, id est cum laeta esse coeperit. 

{{ancora+|686|[[Aeneis/Liber I#686|686.]]}} {{sc|'''regales inter mensas'''}}  epulas intemperantes, in quibus castitas rara est et facilis amoris occasio: unde est &quot;sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus&quot;. {{sc|'''laticemqve lyaevm'''}} latex proprie aqua est fontium ab eo quod intra terrae venas lateat, sed et uinum latet intra uvam, unde nunc dixit laticem. ‘Lyaeum’ autem pro ‘Lyaeium’ dixit, figurate ponens principalitatem pro derivatione. 

{{ancora+|688|[[Aeneis/Liber I#688|688.]]}} {{sc|'''occvltvm inspires ignem'''}}  definitio amoris est ignis occultus. {{sc|'''veneno'''}} venenum dictum ab eo quod per venas eat. ideo post ait &quot;longumque bibebat amorem&quot;. 

{{ancora+|689|[[Aeneis/Liber I#689|689.]]}} {{sc|'''paret amor dictis'''}}  ut supra pro Cupidine amorem ponit. sane notandum, quod interdum ubi inducit minorem festinantem parere, maiori respondentem eum non facit, ut hoc loco Cupidinem, ut in quarto &quot;ille patris magni parere parabat imperio&quot;, et in septimo &quot;exin Gorgoneis Alecto infecta venenis&quot;. 


{{ancora+|690|[[Aeneis/Liber I#690|690.]]}} {{sc|'''et alas exvit'''}}  laus ingens Ascanii per transitum, siquidem Cupido alis tantum depositis Ascanius fuit. 

{{ancora+|691|[[Aeneis/Liber I#691|691.]]}} {{sc|'''placidam per membra qvietem'''}}  aut epitheton est quietis, aut ideo ‘placidam’ dixit, quia est quies, quae potest etiam somniorum terrore turbari. 

{{ancora+|692|[[Aeneis/Liber I#692|692.]]}} {{sc|'''inrigat'''}} infundit: proprie quia et somnus sic pingitur quasi cornu infundat. {{sc|'''fotvm'''}} sublatum, complexum. 

{{ancora+|693|[[Aeneis/Liber I#693|693.]]}} {{sc|'''amaracvs'''}} hic puer regius unguentarius fuit, qui casu lapsus dum ferret unguenta, maiorem ex unguentorum confusione odorem creavit: unde optima unguenta amaracina dicuntur. hic postea in herbam sampsucum uersus est, quam nunc etiam amaracum dicunt. 

{{ancora+|695|[[Aeneis/Liber I#695|695.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve ibat'''}}  cum uix Venus ista dixisset. sane neque festinantibus personis neque minoribus est respondendi facultas, ut hoc loco Cupidini, Mercurio supra, item in quarto, ut in septimo Furiae. 

{{ancora+|697|[[Aeneis/Liber I#697|697.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm venit'''}}  aut pro ‘cum veniret’, aut ut ‘cum’ sit aduerbium temporis pro dum; nec enim potest coniunctivi modi particula iungi indicativo. sane sciendum, malo errore ‘cum’ et ‘dum’ a Romanis esse confusa. {{sc|'''avlaeis'''}} uelis pictis, quae ideo aulaea dicta sunt, quod primum in aula Attali regis Asiae, qui populum Romanum scripsit heredem, inuenta sunt. ideo autem etiam in domibus tendebantur aulaea, ut imitatio tentoriorum fieret, sub quibus bellantes semper habitavere maiores: unde et in thalamis hoc fieri hodieque conspicimus. Varro tamen dicit uela solere suspendi ad excipiendum puluerem, quia usus camerae ignorabatur: unde Horatius &quot;interea suspensa gravis aulaea ruinas in patinam fecere, trahentia pulueris atri, quantum non Aquilo Campanis excitat oris&quot;. sciendum sane omnia Graeca nomina in e exeuntia, cum derivationem faciunt, e in ae diphthongon conuertere, ut aule aulaea, g-Ideh Idaea, g-Aitneh Aetnaea. {{sc|'''svperbis'''}} nobilibus, ut &quot;ceciditque superbum Ilium&quot;. 

{{ancora+|698|[[Aeneis/Liber I#698|698.]]}} {{sc|'''avrea'''}} si ‘Dido aurea’, pulchram significat, et est nominativus, si ‘sponda aurea’, septimus quidem est, sed synizesis fit, et spondeus est. {{sc|'''sponda'''}} antiqui stibadia non habebant, sed stratis tribus lectis epulabantur, unde et triclinium sterni dicitur. sic Cicero &quot;sterni triclinia, et in foro sterni iubebat&quot;. unde apparet errare eos, qui triclinium dicunt ipsam basilicam uel cenationem. {{sc|'''mediamqve locavit'''}} ipse enim apud maiores domini fuerat locus, ut aperte Sallustius docet &quot;igitur discubuere: Sertorius inferior in medio, super eum L- Fabius Hispaniensis senator ex proscriptis; in summo Antonius, et infra scriba Sertorii Versius; et alter scriba Maecenas in imo, medius inter Tarquinium et dominum Perpernam&quot;. {{sc|'''locavit'''}} collocavit. 

{{ancora+|699|[[Aeneis/Liber I#699|699.]]}} {{sc|'''iam pater aeneas'''}}  religiosus, quia pater proprie omnium deorum epitheton est, ut ubique ostendit Vergilius. 


{{ancora+|700|[[Aeneis/Liber I#700|700.]]}} {{sc|'''ostro'''}} pro purpura posuit, unde tingitur purpura. 

{{ancora+|701|[[Aeneis/Liber I#701|701.]]}} {{sc|'''dant manibvs famvli lymphas'''}}  humilis character, qui ischnos dicitur; uilia enim describuntur. {{sc|'''cereremqve canistris'''}} hic panem, alibi triticum, ut &quot;tum Cererem corruptam undis&quot;. {{sc|'''expedivnt'''}} proferunt. TONSISQUE FERUNT MANTELIA VILLIS ‘tonsis uillis’ uel minutis uel conpositis, ut &quot;tonsa coma, pressa corona est&quot;; constat enim maiores mappas habuisse uillosas, quibus etiam in sacris utebantur, sicut in georgicis &quot;manibus liquidos dant ordine fontis germanae, tonsisque ferunt mantelia uillis&quot;; de supplicaturis enim hoc dixit. ‘mantelia’ uero a manibus tergendis dicta, et est nominativus mantele, quo modo torale. quod autem legimus &quot;ne turpe toral&quot;, apocope est. 

{{ancora+|703|[[Aeneis/Liber I#703|703.]]}} {{sc|'''qvinqvaginta'''}} hoc est multae. {{sc|'''ordine longo'''}} id est dispositione, secundum Tullium, qui in oeconomicis dicit, quid ubi ponendum sit; nec enim debent universa confundi. {{sc|'''cvra penvm strvere'''}} inter penum et cellarium hoc interest, quod cellarium est paucorum dierum, unde et in cellam dicitur imperatum frumentum, penus uero temporis longi. sane dicimus et hic et haec et hoc penus, sed a masculino et a feminino genere quarta est declinatio, a neutro tertia, quo modo pecus pecoris. unde Horatius &quot;portet frumenta penusque&quot;, masculino uero genere Plautus &quot;nisi mihi annuus penus datur&quot;, feminino Lucilius posuit, ut &quot;uxori legata penus&quot;. quartae autem declinationis esse Persius docet, ut in &quot;locuplete penu defensis pinguibus Umbris&quot;. 

{{ancora+|704|[[Aeneis/Liber I#704|704.]]}} {{sc|'''strvere'''}} ordinare, conponere, unde et structores dicuntur ferculorum conpositores. {{sc|'''et flammis adolere penates'''}} colere. sed adolere proprie est augere. in sacris autem kat’ euphemismon adolere per bonum omen dicitur; nam in aris non adolentur aliqua, sed cremantur et consumuntur. {{sc|'''et flammis adolere penates'''}} quia ueteres in focis sacrificabant, ut ipse alibi &quot;hortor amare focos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|705|[[Aeneis/Liber I#705|705.]]}} {{sc|'''totidemqve pares aetate ministri'''}}  non numerus habet admirationem, sed aetatis aequalitas. 

{{ancora+|706|[[Aeneis/Liber I#706|706.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi dapibvs mensas onerent'''}}  dapes regum sunt, epulae privatorum. ‘onerent’ autem potest et ad abundantiam retulisse et de ueterum more dixisse, quibus cum accubuissent omnis cena semel adponebatur. et quidam uolunt hoc secundum ueterem caerimoniarum ritum aduerti debere, quod flamini Diali mensa inanis non anteponebatur; nam cum dicit ‘qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant’, et alibi &quot;et uina reponite mensis&quot;, quid aliud ostendit, quam mensam uacuam non antepositam Aeneae, quem ubique omnia sacerdotia inducit habuisse? {{sc|'''et pocvla ponant'''}} secundum antiquum locutus est morem, quia ueteribus non in manus dabantur pocula, sed mensis adponebantur, ut hodieque apud plures pocula in canistris argenteis adponuntur, quae canistra siccaria dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|708|[[Aeneis/Liber I#708|708.]]}} {{sc|'''toris pictis'''}}  pro in toris pictis. et torus dictus est, quod ueteres super herbam tortam uel sedebant uel discumbebant, ut &quot;proximus ut uiridante toro consederat herbae&quot;. {{sc|'''ivssi discvmbere'''}} bene ‘iussi’ de regiis satellitibus dixit, qui utique subiecti habebantur imperio, nec tamquam hospites fuerant inuitati. discumbere autem iuxta consuetudinem suorum temporum dixit, quia olim sedentes uescebantur, ut ipse alibi &quot;gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili&quot; et &quot;perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|709|[[Aeneis/Liber I#709|709.]]}} {{sc|'''mirantvr dona aeneae'''}} , {{sc|'''mirantvr ivlvm'''}} hoc ad Tyrios rettulit. {{sc|'''mirantvr ivlvm'''}} quem putabant Iulum. 


{{ancora+|710|[[Aeneis/Liber I#710|710.]]}} {{sc|'''flagrantisqve dei vvltvs'''}}  hoc ad poetam refertur. {{sc|'''flagrantis'''}} ardentis divinitate. {{sc|'''simvlataqve verba'''}} conposita in Ascanii similitudinem. et hoc ex persona poetae accipiendum 

{{ancora+|712|[[Aeneis/Liber I#712|712.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipve infelix'''}}  propter casum futurum, ut probant sequentia ‘pesti devota futurae’. ideo ergo infelix. ‘pesti’ autem amori uel malo. ‘devota’ uero de oratione Augusti translata locutio, quam habuit in laudatione funeris Marcelli, cum diceret, illum inmaturae morti devotum fuisse. 

{{ancora+|713|[[Aeneis/Liber I#713|713.]]}} {{sc|'''expleri mentem neqvit'''}}  Graeca figura est. {{sc|'''tvendo'''}} dum intuetur. et omnis gerundi modus tam ab agentis quam a patientis significatione similiter profertur, ut &quot;cantando tu illum&quot;, id est dum cantas, et &quot;frigidus in pratis cantando rumpitur anguis&quot;, id est dum ei cantatur. 

{{ancora+|714|[[Aeneis/Liber I#714|714.]]}} {{sc|'''ille vbi'''}}  postquam, ut Horatius &quot;nos ubi decidimus&quot;, hoc est postquam; nam si loci esset, ‘quo’ diceret. ergo ‘ubi’ interdum aduerbium loci est, interdum temporis. 

{{ancora+|716|[[Aeneis/Liber I#716|716.]]}} {{sc|'''et magnvm'''}}  arduum; difficile est enim imitari uerum filii adfectum. {{sc|'''falsi implevit genitoris amorem'''}} non ueri, uel pro eo qui fallebatur, ut sit, implevit amorem eius quem decipiebat simulando eum esse patrem suum, et est magis absolutum participium; nam illic nomen est &quot;falsi Simoentis ad undam&quot;. 

{{ancora+|717|[[Aeneis/Liber I#717|717.]]}} {{sc|'''reginam petit'''}}  non simpliciter dixit ‘petit’; nam petere est proprie insidiari. 

{{ancora+|718|[[Aeneis/Liber I#718|718.]]}} {{sc|'''gremio fovet'''}}  sustinet, ut &quot;et fotum gremio&quot;. 

{{ancora+|719|[[Aeneis/Liber I#719|719.]]}} {{sc|'''insidat'''}} in sinu sedeat, legitur tamen et ‘insideat’, id est ut quidam uolunt insidias faciat. {{sc|'''at memor ille matris'''}} hoc est praeceptorum matris. 


{{ancora+|720|[[Aeneis/Liber I#720|720.]]}} {{sc|'''acidaliae'''}} Acidalia Venus dicitur uel quia inicit curas, quas Graeci g-akidas dicunt, uel certe a fonte Acidalio qui est in Orchomeno Boeotiae civitate, in quo se Gratiae lavant, quas Veneri esse constat sacratas; ipsius enim et Liberi filiae sunt: nec immerito; gratiae enim per horum fere numinum munera conciliantur. ideo autem nudae sunt, quod gratiae sine fuco esse debent, ideo conexae, quia insolubiles esse gratias decet: Horatius &quot;segnesque nodum soluere Gratiae&quot;. quod uero una aversa pingitur, duae nos respicientes, haec ratio est, quia profecta a nobis gratia duplex solet reverti, unde est supra &quot;nec te certasse priorem paeniteat&quot;. sane Veneri multa nomina pro locis uel causis dicuntur inposita. nam Venerem uocari quidam propter promptam veniam dicunt. alii &quot;Suadam&quot; appellant, quod ipsa conciliatio Suada sit. dicitur etiam &quot;Obsequens VenusV, quam Fabius Gurges post peractum bellum Samniticum ideo hoc nomine consecravit, quod sibi fuerit obsecuta: hanc Itali &quot;Postuotam&quot; dicunt. dicta est etiam &quot;Equestris Venus&quot;, dicta et &quot;Cloacina&quot;, quia ueteres cloare purgare dixerunt. dicitur et &quot;Myrica&quot; et &quot;Myrtea&quot; et &quot;Purpurissa&quot;. est et &quot;Erycina&quot;, quam Aeneas secum aduexit. dicitur et &quot;Salacia&quot;, quae proprie meretricum dea appellata est a ueteribus, et &quot;Lubentina&quot;, quae lubentiam mentibus novam praestat, quamuis alii hanc &quot;Lubiam&quot; dicant, quod eo numine consilia in medullas labantur. alii &quot;Mimnerniam&quot; uel &quot;Meminiam&quot; dicunt, quod meminerit omnium. est et &quot;Verticordia&quot;, est et &quot;Militaris VenusV, est et &quot;Limnesia&quot; quae portubus praeest. ipsa et &quot;Victrix&quot; et &quot;Genetrix&quot; ex Caesaris somnio sacrata. est et &quot;Venus Calua&quot; ob hanc causam, quod cum Galli Capitolium obsiderent et deessent funes Romanis ad tormenta facienda, prima Domitia crinem suum, post ceterae matronae imitatae eam exsecuerunt, unde facta tormenta, et post bellum statua Veneri hoc nomine collocata est, licet alii Caluam Venerem quasi puram tradant, alii Caluam, quod corda amantum caluiat, id est fallat atque eludat. quidam dicunt porrigine olim capillos cecidisse feminis et Ancum regem suae uxori statuam caluam posuisse, quod constitit piaculo; nam post omnibus feminis capilli renati sunt, unde institutum, ut Calua Venus coleretur. apud Cyprios Venus in modum umbilici, uel ut quidam uolunt, metae colitur. apud Ephesios &quot;Venerem Automatam&quot; dixerunt, uel &quot;Epidaetiam&quot;. ratio autem horum nominum talis est. Meliboea et Alexis amore se mutuo dilexerunt et iuramento se adstrinxerunt, ut cum tempus nuptiarum venisset sibimet iungerentur: sed cum uirginem parentes sui alii despondissent et hoc Alexis uidisset, spontaneum subiit exilium. uirgo autem ipso nuptiarum die semet de tecto praecipitavit: quae cum inlaesa decidisset, in fugam conuersa pervenit ad litus ibique scapham ascendit, ex qua sponte funes soluti esse dicuntur. uoluntate itaque deorum peruecta est ubi amator morabatur: quam cum ille parans cum sodalibus conuivium suscepisset, pro ipso rei eventu templum constituit. quod ergo sponte fuissent ⟨funes⟩ soluti, Automatae Veneri nomen sacravit, quodque cum epulas pararet uirgo ei aquis fuisset aduecta, Epidaetiae sacravit. {{sc|'''abolere sichaevm incipit'''}} ordo naturalis. prius enim est avellere inhaerentia, et post nova inferre. sic Terentius &quot;ut metum in quo nunc est adimam atque expleam animum gaudio&quot;. 

{{ancora+|721|[[Aeneis/Liber I#721|721.]]}} {{sc|'''vivo amore'''}}  aut uivi hominis, aut certe uehementi. {{sc|'''praevertere'''}} praeoccupare: propter Iunonem sine dubio. 

{{ancora+|722|[[Aeneis/Liber I#722|722.]]}} {{sc|'''resides'''}} pigros, ad amandum inertes; iuraverat enim nulli se esse nupturam. resides sane milites otiosi et pigri dicuntur, ut &quot;residesque movebit Tullus in arma uiros&quot;. unde contra instantes dicimus industrios. 

{{ancora+|723|[[Aeneis/Liber I#723|723.]]}} {{sc|'''qvies epvlis'''}}  propter regalem affluentiam. contra supra ait &quot;postquam exempta fames&quot;. {{sc|'''mensaeqve remotae'''}} licet sub extranea persona, Romanorum tamen exsequitur morem, apud quos duae mensae erant: una epularum, altera poculorum. 

{{ancora+|724|[[Aeneis/Liber I#724|724.]]}} {{sc|'''crateras'''}} Graecum est ab eo quod est ‘hic crater’; nam Latine haec cratera dicitur, unde Persius &quot;si tibi crateras argenti incusaque pingui auro dona feram&quot;. ET VINA CORONANT ‘uina’ pro poculis posuit, et est tropus synecdoche, ut Cererem dicimus pro frumento. sic Plautus &quot;uinum precemur; nam hic deus praesens adest&quot;. ‘coronant’ autem est aut inplent usque ad marginem, aut quia antiqui coronabant pocula, et sic libabant: unde est &quot;magnum cratera corona induit, inplevitque mero&quot;. 

{{ancora+|725|[[Aeneis/Liber I#725|725.]]}} {{sc|'''it strepitvs tectis'''}}  id est ad tecta, ut &quot;it clamor caelo&quot;. legitur autem et ‘fit strepitus tectis’. 

{{ancora+|726|[[Aeneis/Liber I#726|726.]]}} {{sc|'''atria'''}} ut supra diximus, tangit Romanam historiam; nam ut ait Cato et in atrio et duobus ferculis epulabantur antiqui: unde ait Iuvenalis &quot;quis fercula septem secreto cenavit avus?&quot; ibi etiam pecunias habebant: unde etiam qui honoratiores erant liminum custodes adhibebantur, ut &quot;qui Dardanio Anchisae armiger ante fuit, fidusque ad limina custos&quot;. ibi et culina erat: unde et atrium dictum est; atrum enim erat ex fumo. alii dicunt Atriam Etruriae civitatem fuisse, quae domos amplis uestibulis habebat: quae cum Romani imitarentur atria appellaverunt. alii atria magnas aedes et capacissimas dictas tradunt, unde atria Licinia et atrium Libertatis. {{sc|'''lychni'''}} graeco sermone usus est, ne uile aliquid introferret. a lychno autem lucerna dicta est, unde et brevis est ‘lu’, ut Iuvenalis &quot;dispositae pinguem nebulam uomuere lucernae&quot;. Horatius &quot;ungor olivo, non quo furatis inmundus Natta lucernis&quot;. si enim a luce diceretur, non staret uersus. {{sc|'''laqvearibvs'''}} principaliter lacus dicitur, ut Lucilius &quot;resultant aedesque lacusque&quot;; diminutio lacunar facit, ut Horatius &quot;nec mea renidet in domo lacunar&quot;; inde fit alia diminutio lacunarium et per antistoichon laquearium. legitur et lacuaribus. Cicero Tusculanarum &quot;tectis caelatis lacuatis&quot;. 

{{ancora+|727|[[Aeneis/Liber I#727|727.]]}} {{sc|'''noctem vincvnt'''}}  luminis est exaggeratio. FUNALIA ‘funalia’ sunt quae intra ceram sunt, dicta a funibus, quos ante usum papyri cera circumdatos habuere maiores: unde et funera dicuntur, quod funes incensos mortuis praeferebant. alii funalia appellarunt quod in cicendula lucet, quos Graeci g-pursous uocant: Varro de uita P- R- &quot;facibus aut candela simplici ;aut ex eo funiculo facto, earum uestigia quod ubi ea figebant appellarunt funalia&quot;. non nulli apud ueteres candelabra dicta tradunt quae in capitibus uncinos haberent, quibus affigi solebant uel candelae uel funes pice delibuti: quae interdum erant minora, ut gestari manu et praeferri magistratibus a cena remeantibus possent. 

{{ancora+|728|[[Aeneis/Liber I#728|728.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} tunc; est ergo aduerbium temporis. 

{{ancora+|729|[[Aeneis/Liber I#729|729.]]}} {{sc|'''qvam belvs'''}}  primus rex Assyriorum, ut supra diximus, quos constat Saturnum, quem et Solem dicunt, Iunonemque coluisse, quae numina etiam apud Afros postea culta sunt. unde et lingua Punica Bal deus dicitur. apud Assyrios autem Bel dicitur quadam sacrorum ratione et Saturnus et Sol. alii hunc Belum Saturni temporibus regnasse eiusdemque dei hospitem fuisse tradunt. 


{{ancora+|730|[[Aeneis/Liber I#730|730.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm facta silentia tectis'''}}  mos erat apud ueteres, ut lumine incenso silentium praeberetur, ut optativam sibi laudem loquendo nullus averteret. apud Romanos etiam cena edita sublatisque mensis primis silentium fieri solebat, quoad ea quae de cena libata fuerant ad focum ferrentur et in ignem darentur, ac puer deos propitios nuntiasset, ut diis honor haberetur tacendo que nos cum intercessit inter cenandum, Graeci quoque g-theohn g-parousian dicunt. 

{{ancora+|731|[[Aeneis/Liber I#731|731.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitibvs nam te dare ivra loqvvntvr'''}}  scilicet exemplo Lycaonis, qui cum hospites susceptos hospitio necaret, a suscepto Iove, postquam ei epulas humanas adposuit, uersus in lupum ostendit hospitii iura non esse uiolanda. 

{{ancora+|732|[[Aeneis/Liber I#732|732.]]}} {{sc|'''tyriisqve diem'''}}  atqui nox erat, sed per ‘diem’ accipimus et noctem. et quidam uolunt masculini generis ‘diem’ bonum significare, feminini malum. {{sc|'''troiaqve profectis'''}} bene noluit ‘profugis’ dicere. 

{{ancora+|733|[[Aeneis/Liber I#733|733.]]}} {{sc|'''esse velis'''}}  secundum Etruscam disciplinam locutus est; sic enim dicunt ‘uolens propitiusque sis’. 

{{ancora+|734|[[Aeneis/Liber I#734|734.]]}} {{sc|'''adsit laetitiae bacchvs dator'''}}  alii ‘adsis’ legunt, secundum quos ‘Bacchus’ aut antiptosis est, aut antiquus uocativus, ut &quot;socer arma Latinus habeto&quot;. {{sc|'''dator'''}} bene autem addidit ‘dator laetitiae’, quia est et dator furoris. {{sc|'''et bona ivno'''}} aut propitia, id est non irata Troianis, ut &quot;sis bonus o felixque tuis&quot;, aut magis ‘bona’ caelestis; est enim et inferna, ut &quot;Iunoni infernae dictus sacer&quot;. aut, sicut supra dictum est, chreste, quod est bona, quam inter penates Troiani habuisse dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|735|[[Aeneis/Liber I#735|735.]]}} {{sc|'''coetvm'''}} modo conuivium; et bono uerbo ad dignitatem duorum in uno populorum usus est. 

{{ancora+|736|[[Aeneis/Liber I#736|736.]]}} {{sc|'''laticvm libavit honorem'''}}  more sacrorum: et tangit ritum Romanorum, qui panicias sacratasque mensas habebant, in quas libabant, ut est &quot;heus etiam mensas consumimus, inquit Iulus&quot;. {{sc|'''laticvm libavit honorem'''}} diis enim hospitalibus et Iovi in mensam libabatur. 

{{ancora+|737|[[Aeneis/Liber I#737|737.]]}} {{sc|'''libato'''}} delibato. {{sc|'''svmmo tenvs'''}} usque ad labra. {{sc|'''attigit ore'''}} et uerecundiam reginae ostendit, et morem Romanum. nam apud maiores nostros feminae non utebantur uino, nisi sacrorum causa certis diebus. denique femina quae sub Romulo uinum bibit occisa est a marito, Mecennius absolutus, id enim nomen marito. sic Granius Licinianus cenae suae. 

{{ancora+|738|[[Aeneis/Liber I#738|738.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm bitiae'''}}  per transitum Poenorum ducum nomina introducit. nam Bitias classis Punicae fuit praefectus, ut docet Livius, Iopas uero rex Afrorum, unus de procis Didonis, ut Punica testatur historia. servavit autem to prepon: quare non Aeneae dedit, ne aut contumeliosum uideretur aut petulans. {{sc|'''increpitans'''}} inclamans, ut &quot;aestatem increpitans seram&quot;, aut certe arguens familiariter segnitiem tarde accipientis, cum esset avidus in bibendo; nam sequitur ‘ille inpiger’. melius tamen accipimus clara uoce hortatum, ut Plautus &quot;neque ego ad mensam publicas res clamo, neque leges crepo&quot; et Horatius &quot;quis post uina gravem militiam aut pauperiem crepet?&quot; {{sc|'''havsit'''}} modo accepit, nec possumus intellegere bibit, cum hoc sequatur ‘et pleno se proluit auro’. alibi uidit, ut &quot;hausit caelum mentemque recepit&quot;, alibi audivit, ut &quot;uocemque his auribus hausi&quot;, alibi uulnerat, ut &quot;latus haurit apertum&quot;. et multa alia pro loco significat. 

{{ancora+|739|[[Aeneis/Liber I#739|739.]]}} {{sc|'''prolvit'''}} bibendo profudit. 


{{ancora+|740|[[Aeneis/Liber I#740|740.]]}} {{sc|'''post alii proceres'''}}  ergo et Bitias unus est de proceribus; nam exoche sine similitudine numquam fit. sane ‘proceres’ de his est quae nominativum in usu non habent, ut supra &quot;et uictor dicione tenebat&quot;. nam nec hoc in usu habet nominativum, licet in conpositione dicamus condicio. proceres autem ideo secundum Varronem principes civitatis dicuntur, quia eminent in ea, sicut in aedificiis mutuli quidam, hoc est capita trabium, quae proceres nominantur. {{sc|'''crinitvs iopas'''}} aut puerum intellege, aut imitabatur Apollinis formam, cuius fuerat etiam artis imitator. 

{{ancora+|741|[[Aeneis/Liber I#741|741.]]}} {{sc|'''docvit qvae maximvs atlas'''}}  ‘quae’ legendum est non ‘quem’; nec enim istum docere potuit, qui Didonis erat temporibus, sed docuit Herculem: unde et dicitur ab Atlante caelum sustinuisse susceptum propter caeli scientiam traditam. constat enim Herculem fuisse philosophum, et ⟨haec⟩ est ratio, cur illa omnia monstra uidicit Nilum Melonem uocari, Atlantem uero Telamonem. {{sc|'''docvit qvae maximvs atlas'''}} id est quae ipse scit, quae ipse modulatus est - - hic Atlas Iapeti filius in Africa natus dicitur. hic quod annum in tempora diviserit et primus stellarum cursus uel circulorum uel siderum transitus naturasque descripserit, caelum dictus est sustinere. qui nepotem suum Mercurium et Herculem docuisse dicitur. 

{{ancora+|742|[[Aeneis/Liber I#742|742.]]}} {{sc|'''hic canit'''}}  bene philosophica introducitur cantilena in conuivio reginae adhuc castae: contra inter nymphas, ubi solae feminae erant, ait &quot;Vulcani Martisque dolos et dulcia furta&quot;. {{sc|'''errantem lvnam'''}} quia g-helikoeidehs est, id est obliquo incedit cursu, non recto, ut Sol: scilicet ne incidat in centrum terrae et frequenter patiatur eclipsin; uicinus enim est eius circulus terrae. SOLISQUE LABORES ‘canit’ per omnia intellegimus. planetae septem sunt, Saturnus Iuppiter Mars Sol Venus Mercurius Luna. sed quinque et contra mundum feruntur, et cum mundo quando retrogradi sunt; Sol uero et Luna semper contra mundum. ideo ergo dixit ‘Solis labores’: laborat enim nitens contra venientis sphaerae uolubilitatem. nec nos debet Homerus movere, qui ait g-hehlion g-akamanta; non enim eum dixit non laborare, sed laborem non sentire. {{sc|'''lvnam solisqve labores'''}} amat sane ubique Solem et Lunam iungere. 

{{ancora+|743|[[Aeneis/Liber I#743|743.]]}} {{sc|'''vnde hominvm genvs'''}}  si fabulam respicis, a Prometheo intellege, uel a Deucalione et Pyrrha; si autem ueritatem requiris, igni, alii de atomis, alii de quattuor elementis. {{sc|'''pecvdes'''}} pro omnibus posuit. {{sc|'''vnde imber'''}} scilicet de nubibus, quae secundum Lucretium de terrae anhelitu nascuntur, qui nebulas creat: quae cum altius fuerint elevatae, aut solis calore resolutae aut ui uentorum conpressae mittunt leves pluvias uel exprimunt concitatiores. {{sc|'''et ignes'''}} scilicet ex nubium conlisione. nam omnium rerum conlisio ignem creat, ut in lapidibus cernimus, uel attritu rotarum, uel in siluis arborum. 

{{ancora+|744|[[Aeneis/Liber I#744|744.]]}} {{sc|'''arctvrvm'''}} stella est post caudam maioris ursae, posita in signo bootae, unde arcturus dicta est, quasi g-arktou g-oura. hanc quidam agere arcton dicunt, quia arceram ueteres uehiculum uocabant. haec autem ut fabulae loquuntur Callisto fuit, comes Dianae, quam Iuppiter mutatus in Dianam stupravit, ex qua natus est filius nomine Arcas. cetera in libro I. georgicorum plenius narrata sunt. {{sc|'''plvviasqve hyadas'''}} hyades stellae sunt in fronte tauri, quae quotiens nascuntur pluvias creant: unde et Graece g-huades dictae sunt g-apo g-tou g-huein, Latine suculae a suco. sic ergo ait ‘pluviasque hyades’, ut &quot;Plemyrium undosum&quot;. alii dicunt hyadas dictas uel ab y littera uel g-apo g-tou g-huos, id est sue, in cuius formatae sunt faciem: nam ideo eas quidam suculas, sues scilicet, dici tradunt. has quidam uergilias dicunt, quod uere florido oriantur. hae autem fuerunt ut alii dicunt, Atlantis filiae, ut alii Liberi nutrices, quae se in pelagus furore praecipitaverunt. alii Erechthei filias pro patria se morti obtulisse aiunt, quas Pliadas uocant, quod Pleiones filiae esse dicantur. quidam hyadas ab Hyante fratre, quem inuentum extinctum usque ad mortem doluerunt, dictas putant. {{sc|'''geminosqve triones'''}} id est septemtriones, id est Helicen et Cynosuram; non enim semper de duobus dicunt geminos, sed de pluribus. et proprie triones sunt boves aratorii, qui terram terunt. non ergo incongrue dixit ‘triones’, quia septemtriones plaustra a nonnullis dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|745|[[Aeneis/Liber I#745|745.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid'''}} quam ob causam ‘properent se tinguere soles hiberni’. ratio hoc facit hemisphaerii, quia hieme breviore sol utitur circulo. {{sc|'''tingvere'''}} demergere. {{sc|'''soles'''}} uero pro diebus posuit, ut &quot;tris adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus&quot;. 

{{ancora+|746|[[Aeneis/Liber I#746|746.]]}} {{sc|'''vel qvae tardis mora noctibvs obstet'''}}  id est aestivis, tarde venientibus; ‘uel’ enim disiunctiva est coniunctio, nec patitur bis eandem rem dici: ergo hoc dicit, quae causa est longorum dierum. sed et hic ratio hemisphaerii est. {{sc|'''tardis'''}} non longis. 

{{ancora+|747|[[Aeneis/Liber I#747|747.]]}} {{sc|'''ingeminant plavsv tyrii troesqve seqvvntvr'''}}  imitantur. et bono usus est ordine, ut prius plauderent cives; nec enim aliter poterant audere peregrini, qui exspectabant, ut noscerent morem: unde supra et &quot;uos o coetum Tyrii celebrate faventes&quot;. 

{{ancora+|748|[[Aeneis/Liber I#748|748.]]}} {{sc|'''nec non et vario'''}}  arte poetica utitur, ut praemittat aliquid, quo sequens liber uideatur esse coniunctus: quod in omnibus servat. 

{{ancora+|749|[[Aeneis/Liber I#749|749.]]}} {{sc|'''longvm'''}} hic permaturum, aut qui non erat nisi ipsius morte finiendus. {{sc|'''bibebat amorem'''}} adlusit ad conuivium. sic Anacreon &quot;erota pinon&quot;. 


{{ancora+|750|[[Aeneis/Liber I#750|750.]]}} {{sc|'''svper priamo'''}}  de Priamo. nam eius praepositionis officio fungitur, pro qua ponitur, ut supra &quot;et sub noctem cura recursat&quot;, id est circa noctem. et sciendum, quod cum tempus significatur, ‘sub’ praepositio accusativo haeret semper. {{sc|'''rogitans'''}} scilicet quo modo sit uenditus rex; uel qui eum post decennale bellum exitus tulerit. 

{{ancora+|751|[[Aeneis/Liber I#751|751.]]}} {{sc|'''avrorae filivs'''}}  Memnon. ideo autem dixit ‘quibus ar- mis’, quia Vulcaniis armis usus fuisse narratur. {{sc|'''avrorae filivs armis'''}} quia etiam ei fecerat arma Vulcanus. qui cum auxilium Troianis ferret, apud Troiam occisus est. hic in tanto amore apud suos socios fuit, ut post eius mortem cum eum nimium deflerent miseratione deorum in aves conuersi dicantur et quotannis venire ad tumulum eius et ibi lamentatione et fletibus se dilacerare, donec aliquantae ibidem moriantur. 

{{ancora+|752|[[Aeneis/Liber I#752|752.]]}} {{sc|'''qvales diomedis eqvi'''}}  non debemus eos equos intellegere, quos Aeneae sustulit, nec enim congruit; sed de his interrogat, quos sustulit Rheso. ‘quales’ autem dixit, ac si diceret, anne sic feroces ut illi a quibus ducebant originem. Diomedes enim, rex Thracum, habuit equos qui humanis carnibus uescebantur. hos Hercules occiso crudeli tyranno abduxisse perhibetur: de quibus dicuntur supra memorati equi originem ducere. aut ideo ‘quales’, qui potuerint esse ita divini, ut inter fatalia Troiana numerarentur; nam ideo et supra &quot;ardentes&quot; ait. 

{{ancora+|753|[[Aeneis/Liber I#753|753.]]}} {{sc|'''immo age'''}}  uidit specialia cito posse finiri, et contulit se ad generalitatem. {{sc|'''et a prima dic hospes origine nobis'''}} id est a raptu Helenae: quod quidem Dido cupit, sed excusat Aeneas. et dicit ruinam se Troiae breviter esse dicturum, habita ratione temporis, ut &quot;suadentque cadentia sidera somnos&quot;. 

{{ancora+|754|[[Aeneis/Liber I#754|754.]]}} {{sc|'''insidias danavm'''}}  hoc ad Troianorum favorem, ne uideantur uirtute esse superati. et laudandum quod ‘insidias’ tantum dixerit, non et captum Ilium; nam et ipse Aeneas &quot;accipe nunc Danaum insidias&quot;. {{sc|'''casvsqve tvorvm'''}} ut eventu Troia corruerit, non fati necessitate. 

{{ancora+|755|[[Aeneis/Liber I#755|755.]]}} {{sc|'''erroresqve tvos'''}}  et responsio hunc ordinem sequitur. nam primo dicit Troiae ruinam, post errores suos. {{sc|'''septima aestas'''}} per aestates annos intellege; nam sic ante olympiadas conputabant. septem autem annos esse Dido cognovit ex Teucro.

{{liber
|Ante=
|AnteNomen=
|Post=Commentarius II
|PostNomen=../Liber II
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      <text bytes="381460" sha1="sw6kh5r290pxx5xgdsq5tpi8vjm271y" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus2
|Scriptor=Maurus Servius Honoratus
|OperaeTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|OperaeWikiPagina=In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii
|Annus=circa 380 p.Ch.n.
|SubTitulus=In Vergilii Aeneidos [[Aeneis/Liber I|librum I]] commentarius
|Editio=1884, Lipsiae; [[w:de:Georg Thilo|Georg Thilo]]
|Fons=[https://archive.org/details/invergiliicarmin01servuoft/page/1/mode/1up?view=theater archive.org] (partim)
}}
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{{Liber
|Ante=
|AnteNomen=
|Post=Commentarius II
|PostNomen=../Liber II
}}

==Prooemium==
{{gap|2em}}In exponendis auctoribus haec consideranda sunt: poetae uita, titulus operis, qualitas carminis, scribentis intentio, numerus librorum, ordo librorum, explanatio. Vergilii haec uita est. patre Vergilio matre Magia fuit; civis Mantuanus, quae civitas est Venetiae. diversis in locis operam litteris dedit; nam et Cremonae et Mediolani et Neapoli studuit. adeo autem uerecundissimus fuit, ut ex moribus cognomen acceperit; nam dictus est Parthenias. omni uita probatus uno tantum morbo laborabat; nam inpatiens libidinis fuit. primum ab hoc distichon factum est in Ballistam latronem:&lt;poem&gt;{{gap|2em}}{{spatium|Monte sub hoc lapidum tegitur Ballista sepultus: 
{{gap|2em}}nocte die tutum carpe uiator iter}}.&lt;/poem&gt;scripsit etiam septem sive octo libros hos : Cirin Aetnam Culicem Priapeia Catalepton Epigrammata Copam Diras. postea ortis bellis civilibus inter Antonium et Augustum, Augustus uictor Cremonensium agros, quia pro Antonio senserant, dedit militibus suis. qui cum non sufficerent, his addidit agros Mantuanos, sublatos non propter civium culpam, sed propter uicinitatem Cremonensium: unde ipse in bucolicis “Mantua uae miserae nimium uicina Cremonae”. amissis ergo agris Romam venit et usus patrocinio Pollionis et Maecenatis solus agrum quem amiserat meruit. tunc ei proposuit Pollio ut carmen bucolicum scriberet, quod eum constat triennio scripsisse et emendasse. item proposuit Maecenas Georgica, quae scripsit emendavitque septem annis. postea ab Augusto Aeneidem propositam scripsit annis undecim, sed nec emendavit nec edidit: unde eam moriens praecepit incendi. Augustus uero, ne tantum opus periret, Tuccam et Varium hac lege iussit emendare, ut superflua demerent, nihil adderent tamen: unde et semiplenos eius invenimus uersiculos, ut “hic cursus fuit”, et aliquos detractos, ut in principio; nam ab armis non coepit, sed sic:&lt;poem&gt;{{gap|2em}}{{spatium|Ille ego, qui quondam gracili modulatus avena
{{gap|2em}}carmen, et egressus siluis uicina coegi
{{gap|2em}}ut quamuis avido parerent arva colono,
{{gap|2em}}gratum opus agricolis, at nunc horrentia Martis
{{gap|2em}}arma uirumque cano}}.&lt;/poem&gt;et in secundo hos uersus constat esse detractos:&lt;poem&gt;{{gap|11em}}{{spatium|aut ignibus aegra dedere.
{{gap|2em}}iamque adeo super unus eram, cum limina Vestae
{{gap|2em}}servantem et tacitam secreta in sede latentem
{{gap|2em}}Tyndarida aspicio; dant clara incendia lucem
{{gap|2em}}erranti passimque oculos per cuncta ferenti.
{{gap|2em}}illa sibi infestos eversa ob Pergama Teucros
{{gap|2em}}et Danaum poenam et deserti coniugis iras
{{gap|2em}}praemetuens, Troiae et patriae communis erinys,
{{gap|2em}}abdiderat sese atque aris inuisa sedebat.
{{gap|2em}}exarsere ignes animo; subit ira cadentem
{{gap|2em}}ulcisci patriam et sceleratas sumere poenas.
{{gap|2em}}‘scilicet haec Spartam incolumis patriasque Mycenas
{{gap|2em}}aspiciet, partoque ibit regina triumpho,
{{gap|2em}}coniugiumque domumque patres natosque uidebit,
{{gap|2em}}Iliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris?
{{gap|2em}}occiderit ferro Priamus? Troia arserit igni?
{{gap|2em}}Dardanium totiens sudarit sanguine litus?
{{gap|2em}}non ita. namque etsi nullum memorabile nomen
{{gap|2em}}feminea in poena est, habet haec uictoria laudem:
{{gap|2em}}extinxisse nefas tamen et sumpsisse merentis
{{gap|2em}}laudabor poenas, animumque explesse iuvabit
{{gap|2em}}† ultricis famam et cineres satiasse meorum.’
{{gap|2em}}talia iactabam et furiata mente ferebar,
{{gap|2em}}cum mihi se non ante alias}}.&lt;/poem&gt;{{c|{{font-size|110%|⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎}}}}
titulus est Aeneis, derivativum nomen ab Aenea, ut a Theseo Theseis. sic Iuvenalis “uexatus totiens rauci Theseide Codri”. qualitas carminis patet; nam est metrum heroicum et actus mixtus, ubi et poeta loquitur et alios inducit loquentes. est autem heroicum quod constat ex divinis humanisque personis, continens uera cum fictis; nam Aeneam ad Italiam venisse manifestum est, Venerem uero locutam cum Iove missumue Mercurium constat esse conpositum. est autem stilus grandiloquus, qui constat alto sermone magnisque sententiis. scimus enim tria esse genera dicendi, humile medium grandiloquum. intentio Vergilii haec est, Homerum imitari et Augustum laudare a parentibus; namque est filius Atiae, quae nata est de Iulia, sorore Caesaris, Iulius autem Caesar ab Iulo Aeneae originem ducit, ut confirmat ipse Vergilius a “magno demissum nomen Iulo”. de numero librorum nulla hic quaestio est, licet in aliis inveniatur auctoribus; nam Plautum alii dicunt unam et uiginti fabulas scripsisse, alii quadraginta, alii centum. ordo quoque manifestus est, licet quidam superflue dicant secundum primum esse, tertium secundum, et primum tertium, ideo quia primo Ilium concidit, post erravit Aeneas, inde ad Didonis regna pervenit, nescientes hanc esse artem poeticam, ut a mediis incipientes per narrationem prima reddamus et non numquam futura praeoccupemus, ut per uaticinationem: quod etiam Horatius sic praecepit in arte poetica “ut iam nunc dicat iam nunc debentia dici, pleraque differat et praesens in tempus omittat”: unde constat perite fecisse Vergilium. sola superest explanatio, quae in sequenti expositione probabitur. haec quantum ad Aeneidem pertinet dixisse sufficiat, nam bucolicorum et georgicorum alia ratio est. sciendum praeterea est quod, sicut nunc dicturi thema proponimus, ita ueteres incipiebant carmen a titulo carminis sui, ut puta “arma uirumque cano”, Lucanus “Bella per Emathios”, Statius “Fraternas acies alternaque regna”. 

{{ancora+|1|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|1.]]}} {{sc|'''arma'''}} multi uarie disserunt cur ab armis Vergilius coeperit, omnes tamen inania sentire manifestum est, cum eum constet aliunde sumpsisse principium, sicut in praemissa eius uita monstratum est. per ‘arma’ autem bellum significat, et est tropus metonymia. nam arma quibus in bello utimur pro bello posuit, sicut toga qua in pace utimur pro pace ponitur, ut Cicero “cedant arma togae”, id est bellum paci. alii ideo ‘arma’ hoc loco proprie dicta accipiunt, primo quod fuerint uictricia, secundo quod divina, tertio quod prope semper armis uirum subiungit, ut “arma uirumque ferens” et “arma acri facienda uiro”. {{sc|'''arma virvmqve'''}} figura usitata est ut non eo ordine respondeamus quo proposuimus; nam prius de erroribus Aeneae dicit, post de bello. hac autem figura etiam in prosa utimur. sic Cicero in Verrinis “nam sine ullo sumptu nostro coriis, tunicis frumentoque suppeditato maximos exercitus nostros uestivit, aluit, armavit”. non nulli autem hyperbaton putant, ut sit sensus talis ‘arma uirumque cano, genus unde Latinum Albanique patres atque altae moenia Romae’, mox illa revoces ‘Troiae qui primus ab oris’; sic enim causa operis declaratur, cur cogentibus fatis in Latium venerit. et est poeticum principium professivum ‘arma uirumque cano’, inuocativum ‘Musa mihi causas memora’, narrativum ‘urbs antiqua fuit’. et professivum quattuor modis sumpsit: a duce ‘arma uirumque cano’, ab itinere ‘Troiae qui primus ab oris’, a bello ‘multa quoque et bello passus’, a generis successu ‘genus unde Latinum’. {{sc|'''virvm'''}} quem non dicit, sed circumstantiis ostendit Aeneam. et bene addidit post ‘arma’ ‘uirum’, quia arma possunt et aliarum artium instrumenta dici, ut “Cerealiaque arma”. {{sc|'''cano'''}} polysemus sermo est. tria enim significat: aliquando laudo, ut “regemque canebant”; aliquando divino, ut “ipsa canas oro”; aliquando canto, ut in hoc loco. nam proprie canto significat, quia cantanda sunt carmina. {{sc|'''troiae'''}} Troia regio est Asiae, Ilium civitas Troiae; plerumque tamen usurpant poetae et pro civitate uel regionem uel provinciam ponunt, ut Iuvenalis “et flammis Asiam ferroque cadentem”. Probus ait Troiam Graios et Aiax non debere per unam i scribi. {{sc|'''qvi primvs'''}} quaerunt multi, cur Aeneam primum ad Italiam venisse dixerit, cum paulo post dicat Antenorem ante aduentum Aeneae fundasse civitatem. constat quidem, sed habita temporum ratione peritissime Vergilius dixit. namque illo tempore, quo Aeneas ad Italiam venit, finis erat Italiae usque ad Rubiconem fluvium: cuius rei meminit Lucanus et Gallica certus limes ab Ausoniis disterminat arva colonis. unde apparet Antenorem non ad Italiam venisse, sed ad Galliam cisalpinam, in qua Venetia est. postea uero promotis usque ad Alpes Italiae finibus, novitas creavit errorem. plerique tamen quaestionem hanc uolunt ex sequentibus solui, ut uideatur ob hoc addidisse Vergilius ‘ad Lavina litora’, ne significaret Antenorem. melior tamen est superior expositio. ''{{sc|'''primvs'''}} [ergo] non ante quem nemo, sed post quem nullus, ⟨ut⟩ “tuque o, cui prima furentem fundit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti et hic mihi responsum primus dedit”. uel laudative ‘primus’, ut “primam qui legibus urbem fundabit, Curibus paruis”.'' {{sc|'''ab orbis'''}} speciem pro genere; nam oras terras generaliter debemus accipere. sane praepositionem mutavit, nam ‘ex oris’ melius potuit dicere.

{{ancora+|2|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|2.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam'''}} ars quidem hoc exigit, ut nominibus provinciarum praepositiones addamus, civitatum numquam. tamen plerumque peruerso ordine lectum est; nam ecce hoc loco detraxit provinciae praepositionem dicens ‘Italiam venit’ pro ad Italiam venit. Tullius in Verrinis “ea die Verres ad Messanam venit” pro Messanam venit. sane sciendum est usurpari ab auctoribus, ut uel addant uel detrahant praepositiones; namque ait Vergilius “siluis te, Tyrrhene, feras agitare putasti” pro in siluis. ut ergo illic detraxit loco praepositionem, sic hic provinciae. et est figura. Italia autem pars Europae est. Italus enim rex Siculorum profectus de Sicilia venit ad loca, quae sunt iuxta Tiberim, et ex nomine suo appellavit Italiam. ibi autem habitasse Siculos ubi est Laurolavinium, manifestum est, sicut ipse alio loco dicit “Siculi ueteresque Sicani et gentes venere Sicanae saepius”. sane ‘Italiam’ i contra naturam producta est, cum sit natura brevis. {{sc|'''fato profvgvs'''}} ‘fato’ ad utrumque pertinet, et quod fugit, et quod ad Italiam venit. et bene addidit ‘fato’, ne uideatur aut causa criminis patriam deseruisse, aut novi imperii cupiditate. profugus autem proprie dicitur qui procul a sedibus suis uagatur, quasi porro fugatus. multi tamen ita definiunt, ut profugos eos dicant qui exclusi necessitate de suis sedibus adhuc uagantur, et simul atque invenerint sedes, non dicantur profugi, sed exules. sed utrumque falsum est. nam et profugus lectus est qui iam sedes locavit, ut in Lucano “profugique a gente uetusta Gallorum Celtae miscentes nomen Hiberis”, et exul qui adhuc uagatur, ut in Sallustio “qui nullo certo exilio uagabantur”: adeo exilium est ipsa uagatio. quidam hic ‘profugus’ participium uolunt. sane non otiose fato profugum dicit Aeneam, uerum ex disciplina Etruscorum. est enim in libro qui inscribitur litterae iuris Etruriae scriptum uocibus Tagae, “eum qui genus a periuris duceret, fato extorrem et profugum esse debere”. porro a Laomedonte periuro genus ducit Aeneas, siquidem alibi ait “satis iam pridem sanguine nostro Laomedonteae luimus periuria Troiae”. {{sc|'''laviniaqve venit litora'''}} haec civitas tria habuit nomina. nam primum Lavinum dicta est a Lavino, Latini fratre; postea Laurentum a lauro inuenta a Latino, dum adepto imperio post fratris mortem civitatem augeret; postea Lavinium a Lavinia, uxore Aeneae. ergo ‘Lavina’ legendum est, non ‘Lavinia’, quia post aduentum Aeneae Lavinium nomen accepit, et aut Lavinum debuit dicere, sicut dixit, aut Laurentum. quamuis quidam superfluo esse prolepsin uelint. sane bene addidit ‘Lavina’, ut ostenderet ad quam partem Italiae venisset Aeneas, quia et multi alii eo tempore ad Italiam venerant, ut Capys, qui Capuam, Polites, qui Politorium condiderunt.

{{ancora+|3|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|3.]]}} {{sc|'''litora'''}} Laurolavinium constat octo milibus a mari remotam. nec nos debet fallere quia dixit ‘Lavina litora’. litus enim dicitur terra quoque mari uicina, sicut ipse Vergilius in quarto “cui litus arandum”, cum per naturam litus arari non possit. ergo scire debemus, litus posse et terram dici. Fabius Maximus annalium primo “tum Aeneas aegre patiebatur in eum devenisse agrum, macerrimum litorosissimumque”. {{sc|'''mvltvm ille'''}} ‘multille’ conlisio est. et ‘ille’ hoc loco abundat; est enim interposita particula propter metri necessitatem, ut stet uersus: nam si detrahas ‘ille’, stat sensus; ‘qui primus’ enim ad omnia possumus trahere. sic alio loco “nunc dextra ingeminans ictus, nunc ille sinistra”. est autem archaismos. aut certe ‘ille’, quia haec particula more antiquo aut nobilitati aut magnitudini dabatur, ut “ac uelut ille canum et saucius ille”. {{sc|'''et terris iactatvs'''}} fatigatus est enim apud Thraciam monstro illo, quod e tumulo Polydori sanguis emanavit, apud Cretam pestilentia, apud Strophadas insulas Harpyiis, tempestate uero et in primo et in tertio. iactamur autem in mari fluctibus, fatigamur in terris. et bene duorum elementorum mala uno sermone conplexus est. {{sc|'''et alto'''}} modo mari, quia navigans Scyllam et Polyphemum effugit, perditus etiam est Orontes, amissus Palinurus et Misenus. altum tamen sciendum est quod et superiorem, ut “Maia genitum demittit ex alto” et inferiorem altitudinem significat; namque mensurae nomen est altitudo.

{{ancora+|4|[[Aeneis/Liber I#1|4.]]}} {{sc|'''vi svpervm'''}} uiolentia deorum, secundum Homerum, qui dicit a Iunone rogatos esse deos in odium Troianorum: quod et Vergilius tetigit dicens “uos quoque Pergameae iam fas est parcere genti, dique deaeque omnes”. latenter autem defendit hac ratione Troianos, quod non suo merito eos insequebantur numina, sed Iunonis inpulsu. multi ‘ui superum’ posse accipi dicunt Irim Aeolum Iuturnam Iunonem, sed melius iudicant, ui quam superi habent. {{sc|'''saevae'''}} cum a iuvando dicta sit Iuno, quaerunt multi, cur eam dixerit saevam, et putant temporale esse epitheton, quasi saeva circa Troianos, nescientes quod saevam dicebant ueteres magnam. sic Ennius “induta fuit saeva stola”. item Vergilius cum ubique pium inducat Aeneam, ait “maternis saevus in armis Aeneas”, id est magnus. {{sc|'''memorem ivnonis ob iram'''}} constat multa in auctoribus inveniri per contrarium significantia: pro activis passiva, ut “pictis bellantur Amazones armis”; pro passivis activa, ut “populatque ingentem farris aceruum”. et haec uarietas uel potius contrarietas invenitur etiam in aliis partibus orationis, ut sit aduerbium pro aduerbio, ut est “hoc tunc ignipotens caelo descendit ab alto” pro huc; et in participio, ut “et qua uectus Abas” pro qua uehebatur; et in nomine, ut ‘memorem Iunonis ob iram’ non quae meminerat, sed quae in memoria erat. de his autem haec tantum quae lecta sunt ponimus nec ad eorum exemplum alia formamus. sane memor apud ueteres non tantum dicebatur g-ho g-memnehmenos, sed etiam g-ho g-mnehmon. et hoc per confusionem uerbi et nominis; nam ‘memorem’ est uerbi significatio, cum non sit nomen.

{{ancora+|5|[[Aeneis/Liber I#5|5.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta qvoqve et bello passvs'''}} hoc ad posteriores sex pertinet libros. sane duas coniunctiones separatas naturaliter nemo coniungit. sed hoc plerumque a poetis causa metri fit. ergo hic una uacat, sicut alio loco “dixitque et proelia uoce diremit”. Sallustius “tyrannumque et Cinnam”. {{sc|'''bello passvs'''}} contra Turnum. {{sc|'''dvm conderet vrbem'''}} tres hic sunt significationes. aut enim Troiam dicit, quam ut primum in Italiam venit, fecit Aeneas, de qua ait “castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit” et alio loco Mercurius “nec te Troia capit” - Troiam autem dici quam primum fecit Aeneas, et Livius in primo et Cato in originibus testantur - dum enim haec fieret, ab agrestibus propter uulneratum ceruum regium mota sunt bella: aut Laurolavinium, et significat ‘dum’ donec; tam diu enim dimicavit quam diu ad tempus faciendae civitatis veniret, id est donec Turnus occumberet: aut Romam, et est sensus dummodo conderet urbem. [aut Troiam aut Laurolavinium aut Romam significat.]

{{ancora+|6|[[Aeneis/Liber I#6|6.]]}} {{sc|'''inferretqve deos latio'''}} Latium duplex est, unum a Tiberi usque ad Fundos, aliud inde usque ad Vulturnum. denique ipse dixit “ueteresque Latini” ideo quia scit esse etiam novos, id est a Fundis usque ad Vulturnum. Latium autem dictum est, quod illic Saturnus latuerit. Saufeius Latium dictum ait, quod ibi latuerant incolae, qui quoniam in cavis montium uel occultis caventes sibi a feris beluis uel a ualentioribus uel a tempestatibus habitaverint Cascei uocati sunt, quos posteri Aborigines cognominarunt, quoniam aliis ortos esse recognoscebant. ex quibus Latinos etiam dictos. {{sc|'''inferretqve deos latio'''}} hoc est in Latium. et est figura usitata apud Vergilium. quod enim per accusativum cum praepositione dicimus ille per dativum ponit sine praepositione, sicut alibi “it clamor caelo” pro in caelum. ‘deos’ uero utrum penates, ut “talibus attonitus uisis et uoce deorum”, an se et Ascanium et posteros suos, de quibus dictum est “dis genite et geniture deos”? {{sc|'''genvs vnde latinvm'''}} si iam fuerunt Latini et iam Latium dicebatur, contrarium est quod dicit ab Aenea Latinos originem ducere. prima est iucunda absolutio, ut ‘unde’ non referas ad personam, sed ad locum; namque ‘unde’ aduerbium est de loco, non de ductu a persona. tamen Cato in originibus hoc dicit, cuius auctoritatem Sallustius sequitur in bello Catilinae, “primo Italiam tenuisse quosdam qui appellabantur Aborigines. hos postea aduentu Aeneae Phrygibus iunctos Latinos uno nomine nuncupatos”. ergo descendunt Latini non tantum a Troianis, sed etiam ab Aboriginibus. est autem uera expositio haec. novimus quod uicti uictorum nomen accipiunt. potuit ergo uictore Aenea perire nomen Latinum. sed uolens sibi favorem Latii conciliare nomen Latinum non solum illis non sustulit, sed etiam Troianis inposuit. merito ergo illi tribuit quod in ipso fuerat ut posset perire. unde et ipse inducit in duodecimo libro rogantem Iunonem, ne pereat nomen Latinum. item in execratione Didonis legimus “nec cum se sub leges pacis iniquae tradiderit”; iniqua enim pax est in qua nomen amittit ille qui uicit. sed ueteres ‘unde’ etiam ad personam adplicabant, ita ut ad omne genus, ad omnem numerum iungerent, ut hoc loco ‘genus unde Latinum’ masculino generi et numero singulari iunxit, alibi ⟨ad⟩ genus femininum et numerum pluralem refert, ut “nymphae, Laurentes nymphae, genus amnibus unde est”, sicut ‘hinc’ particulam, cum sit loci aduerbium, Terentius uetuste ad personam transtulit “sed eccum Syrum incedere uideo: hinc iam scibo quid siet”.

{{ancora+|7|[[Aeneis/Liber I#7|7.]]}} {{sc|'''albaniqve patres'''}} Albam ab Ascanio conditam constat, sed a quo incertum est, utrum a Creusae an a Laviniae filio: de qua re etiam Livius dubitat. hanc autem cum evertisset Tullus Hostilius, omnes nobiles familias Romam transtulit. et sciendum bene hunc ordinem semper servare Vergilium, ut ante dicat Latium, inde Albam, post Romam. quod et hoc loco fecit et in quinto libro, ut “priscos docuit celebrare Latinos” et deinde “Albani docuere suos, nunc maxima porro accepit Roma et patrium servavit honorem”. item in septimo libro “mos erat Hesperio in Latio quem protinus urbes Albanae coluere sacrum, nunc maxima rerum Roma colit”. {{sc|'''atqve altae moenia romae'''}} aut propter gloriam, aut propter aedificia ingentia, aut quia in montibus est posita.

{{ancora+|8|[[Aeneis/Liber I#8|8.]]}} {{sc|'''mvsa mihi cavsas memora'''}} ‘mihi’ longa hic, alibi brevis, ut “mihique haec edissere uera roganti”. sane in tres partes dividunt poetae carmen suum: proponunt inuocant narrant. plerumque tamen duas res faciunt et ipsam propositionem miscent inuocationi, quod in utroque opere Homerus fecit; namque hoc melius est. Lucanus tamen ipsum ordinem inuertit; primo enim proposuit, inde narravit, postea inuocavit, ut est “nec si te pectore uates accipio”. sane observandum est, ut non in omnibus carminibus numen aliquod inuocetur, nisi cum aliquid ultra humanam possibilitatem requirimus. hinc in arte poetica Horatius “nec deus intersit nisi dignus uindice nodus inciderit”. bene ergo inuocat Vergilius, non enim poterat per se iram numinis nosse. item in nono libro nisi adderet “Iuno uires animumque ministrat”, quis crederet Turnum evasisse de castris? et hic {{sc|'''mvsa'''}} non addidit g-menin g-aeide g-thea. sed ‘musa mihi causas memora’ pro adesto, ut memores. sane musas multi novem, multi septem dixerunt. his Numa aediculam aeneam brevem fecerat, quam postea de caelo tactam et in aede Honoris et Virtutis conlocatam Fuluius Nobilior in aedem Herculis transtulit, unde aedes Herculis et Musarum appellatur. has alii uirgines perhibent; nam ideo et porcam eis sacrificari aiunt, quod multum pariat. alii eis etiam filios dant, Orpheum Linum sirenas. alii has octo, ut Athenis uisuntur, alii quattuor dicunt, alias Boeotias, alias Atthidas, alias Siculas. has musas Siculus Epicharmus non musas, sed g-homonoousas dicit. {{sc|'''qvo nvmine laeso'''}} ‘quo’ in quo, in qua causa. et est septimus casus et communis elocutio; dicimus enim ‘quo te laesi’. est et alia expositio. namque Iuno multa habet numina: est Curitis, quae utitur curru et hasta, ut est “hic illius arma, hic currus fuit”; est Lucina, quae partibus praeest, ut “Iuno Lucina fer opem”; est regina, ut “quae divum incedo regina”; sunt et alia eius numina. merito ergo dubitat quod eius laeserit numen Aeneas. alii tamen dicunt separandum esse, ut de odio Iunonis non dubitet, quaerat autem quod aliud numen est laesum. {{sc|'''qvo nvmine laeso'''}} ideo trahitur in ambiguitatem et requirit in quo Iunonis numen laesit Aeneas, quia in ipsum certa non erant odia, sed in gentem propter causas paulo post dicendas. alii ‘numen’ uoluntatem accipiunt. ‘laeso’ autem dicendo ipso uerbo ostendit, etiamsi fuisset, levissimam culpam fuisse; non enim dixit ‘uiolato’ aut ‘iniuriam passo’. 9 {{sc|'''qvidve dolens'''}} bene philosophice dubitavit. dicunt enim quidam ad deos nihil pertinere. {{sc|'''volvere casvs'''}} id est casibus uolui. et est figura hypallage, quae fit quotienscumque per contrarium uerba intelleguntur. sic alibi “dare classibus austros”, cum uentis naves demus, non navibus uentos. item “animumque labantem inpulit”, hoc est inpellendo fecit labantem. 

{{ancora+|10|[[Aeneis/Liber I#10|10.]]}} {{sc|'''INSIGNEM'''}} PIETATE VIRUM quia patrem et deos penates de Troia sustulit. et hic ostendit merito se inuocasse musam. nam si iustus est Aeneas, cur odio deorum laborat?

{{ancora+|11|[[Aeneis/Liber I#11|11.]]}} {{sc|'''tantaene animis caelestibvs irae'''}} hic iam non de qua litate iracundiae, sed de quantitate quaerit; nimia etenim ira est quae pietatis non habet considerationem. et hoc quidem secundum Stoicos dicit, [sed miratur, cur tantum] nam Epicurei dicunt deos humana penitus non curare. ‘tantaene’ quasi exclamatio est mirantis, cum es ipsa narratione sententiam trahentes nostram personam interponimus, ut “‘tanton’ placuit concurrere motu”. non nulli ‘tantaene’ legunt, ut interrogatio sit potius quam exclamatio. {{sc|'''animis caelestibvs'''}} dis superis, nam apud inferos constat esse iracundiam, ubi sunt Furiae. ‘animis’ uero g-tois g-thumois.

{{ancora+|12|[[Aeneis/Liber I#12|12.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbs antiqva fvit'''}} urbs dicta ab orbe, quod antiquae civitates in orbem fiebant; uel ab uruo, parte aratri, quo muri designabantur. et ‘antiqua’ autem et ‘fuit’ bene dixit, namque et ante septuaginta annos urbis Romae condita erat, et eam deleverat Scipio Aemilianus. quae autem nunc est postea a Romanis est condita: unde antiquam accipe et ad conparationem istius quae nunc est, et Roma antiquiorem. alii ‘antiqua’ nobilis, ‘fuit’ autem pro ‘erat’ accipiunt. {{sc|'''tyrii tenvere coloni'''}} deest ‘quam’, uel ut alii uolunt ‘hanc’: amant namque antiqui per epexegesin dicere quod nos interposito pronomine exprimimus. item “est locus Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt” deest ‘quem’. ‘coloni’ autem dicuntur cultores advenae, et hos de Tyro constat venisse qui Carthaginem condiderunt. sane ueteres colonias ita definiunt: colonia est coetus eorum hominum qui universi deducti sunt in locum certum aedificiis munitum, quem certo iure obtinerent. alii: colonia est quae graece g-apoikia uocatur; dicta autem est a colendo; est autem pars civium aut sociorum missa, ubi rem publicam habeant ex consensu suae civitatis, aut publico eius populi unde profecta est consilio. hae autem coloniae sunt quae ex consensu publico, non ex secessione sunt conditae.

{{ancora+|13|[[Aeneis/Liber I#13|13.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam contra'''}} constat tria latera habere Italiam, superi maris, inferi, Alpium: unde tollendi erroris causa adiecit ‘contra Tiberina ostia’, quae in infero mari sunt. aut certe [ideo] ‘Italiam contra’ quasi de aemula dictum accipiamus, ut non tantum situ quantum et animis contra. Ostiam uero ideo ueteres consecratam esse uoluerunt, sicut Tiberim, ut si quid bello navali ageretur, id auspicato fieret ex maritima et effata urbe, ut ubique coniunctum auspici, ut Tiberis, cum colonia esset. {{sc|'''longe'''}} ualde. Sallustius “longe alia mihi mens est patres conscripti”. aut certe ‘maxime’ uel ‘praecipue’, ut sit Carthago praecipue posita contra Tiberina ostia. Cicero pro Rabirio “et cum universo populo Romano, tum uero equestri ordini longe carissimus”. ‘Tiberina’ autem pro Tiberis posuit. quidam sane ita uolunt iungi, non ‘longe ostia’, sed ‘longe dives’, id est ualde dives.

{{ancora+|14|[[Aeneis/Liber I#14|14.]]}} {{sc|'''dives opvm'''}} modo tantum dives dicimus, antiqui adiungebant cuius rei, ut “dives equum, dives pictai uestis et auri” iungentes tantum genetivo casui. {{sc|'''stvdiisqve asperrima belli'''}} causam ostendit mirabilem, dicens hos esse et bellicosos et divites, cum otiosa semper sit opulentia. iure ergo hanc diligit Iuno et uult orbis regna sortiri. quae res odia eius in Troianos exagitat. et bene ‘studiis’, non ‘studio’, quia ter rebellavit contra populum Romanum.

{{ancora+|15|[[Aeneis/Liber I#15|15.]]}} {{sc|'''dicitvr'''}} dicitur. et ingenti arte Vergilius, ne in rebus fabulosis aperte utatur poetarum licentia, quasi opinionem sequitur et per transitum poetico utitur more. uel certe ‘fertur’ creditur. {{sc|'''magis'''}} pro ualde.

{{ancora+|16|[[Aeneis/Liber I#16|16.]]}} {{sc|'''posthabita'''}} non contempta, sed in secundis habita; namque in superiore uersu dixit ‘magis’, ut etiam originali loco seruetur adfectio. {{sc|'''samo'''}} sic Iuvenalis “et Samia genetrix quae delectatur harena”. {{sc|'''colvisse'''}} SAMO deest ‘etiam’, ut esset ‘posthabita etiam Samo’. ‘coluisse’ autem, quia ueteres colere dicebant etiam cum maior minorem diligeret, ut “ille colit terras”. Plautus in Poenulo “Iuppiter qui genus colis alisque hominum”. {{sc|'''hic illivs arma'''}} figura creberrima aduerbium pro aduerbio posuit, praesentis loci pro absentis; debuit enim dicere ‘illic’. {{sc|'''arma'''}} instructam armis Iunonem in alio loco ipse testatur, ut “ferro accincta uocat”.

{{ancora+|17|[[Aeneis/Liber I#17|17.]]}} {{sc|'''cvrrvs'''}} aut uere currum quo secundum Homerum in bello utitur, aut thensam significat, qua deorum simulacra portantur. thensa autem cum aspiratione scribitur g-apo g-tou g-theiou, id est a re divina. aut certe illud ‘currus’ quod ait “ductos alta ad donaria currus”. habere enim Iunonem currus certum est. sic autem esse etiam in sacris Tiburtibus constat, ubi sic precantur “Iuno curitis tuo curru clipeoque tuere meos curiae uernulas”. sane {{sc|'''hic illivs arma, hic cvrrvs fuit'''}} quotienscumque nomina pluralis et singularis numeri conectuntur, respondemus uiciniori, ut ecce hoc loco currui, non armis respondit. eadem et in diversis generibus est observatio, ut magis uicino, sive masculinum sit sive femininum respondeamus, ut puta ‘uir et mulier magna ad me venit’. si autem plurali numero uelimus uti, ad masculinum transeamus necesse est, ut ‘uir et mulier magni ad me venerunt’. sane ‘fuit’ pro fuerat. {{sc|'''gentibvs'''}} pro gentium, dativum pro genetivo.

{{ancora+|18|[[Aeneis/Liber I#18|18.]]}} {{sc|'''siqva'''}} ‘qua’ uacat et est ornatus causa positum, ut ‘que’ ‘tandem’ ‘gentium’ ‘locorum’ et reliqua, ut “dixitque et proelia uoce diremit”. {{sc|'''iam tvm'''}} ex quo constituta est a Tyriis colonis. {{sc|'''tenditqve fovetqve'''}} figurate dixit. non enim iam regnum fovet, sed tendit et fovet, ut regnum esse possit. et bene ‘tendit’, tamquam contra uerum, ‘fovet’ autem tamquam inbecillam aduersus Troianorum conatus. {{sc|'''progeniem'''}} uel Romanos, uel ut quidam uolunt Scipionem, qui Carthaginem diruit.

{{ancora+|19|[[Aeneis/Liber I#19|19.]]}} {{sc|'''dvci'''}} ductum iri. infinitivi modi a passivo tempus praesens pro futuro posuit, uerbum pro uerbo, ut supra ostensum est. 

{{ancora+|20|[[Aeneis/Liber I#20|20.]]}} {{sc|'''avdierat'''}} a Iove aut a Fatis. non enim omnia numina habent divinandi facultatem; denique ne ipse quidem Apollo sua sponte divinat, ut est “quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo praedixit”. et perite ‘audierat’; in Ennio enim inducitur Iuppiter promittens Romanis excidium Carthaginis. {{sc|'''avdierat'''}} bene audierat quasi de incertis rebus, ut et timeret et speraret omnia pro sua uoluntate posse mutari. {{sc|'''tyrias arces'''}} Carthaginem dicit, quam Tyrii condiderunt. ‘arces’ autem ab eo quod est arceo dictae, quia inde hostes arcentur, id est prohibentur; et arcus, genus teli, quod huius ministerio sagittae arceant hostem. sane per confusionem uerbi et nominis dictum est; nam ‘arces’ est uerbum, arceo arces, cum non sit nomen. {{sc|'''olim'''}} quandoque. et tria tempora significat: praeteritum, ut “olim arbos, nunc artificis manus aere decoro inclusit patribusque dedit gestare Latinis”; praesens, ut “tumidis quod fluctibus olim tunditur”; futurum, ut “nunc olim quocumque dabunt se tempore uires”.

{{ancora+|21|[[Aeneis/Liber I#21|21.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc popvlvm late regem'''}} a Romanis. laudat autem eorum imperium dicendo ‘populum regem’. {{sc|'''late regem'''}} pro late regnaturum, nomen pro participio. quidam hoc demokratikos intellegunt. et ‘hinc populum late regem belloque superbum uenturum excidio Libyae sic uoluere parcas’ in Probi adpuncti sunt et adnotatum “hi duo si eximantur, nihilo minus sensus integer erit”. sed Vergilius amat aliud agens exire in laudes populi Romani. {{sc|'''svperbvm'''}} nobilem, ut “ceciditque superbum Ilium”. {{sc|'''belloqve svperbvm'''}} id est eminentem, gloriosum.

{{ancora+|22|[[Aeneis/Liber I#22|22.]]}} {{sc|'''ventvrvm'''}} futurum, ut “idem uenturos tollemus in astra nepotes”. {{sc|'''ventvrvm excidio'''}} ad excidium. nota figura. {{sc|'''libyae'''}} Carthaginis. et provinciam pro civitate posuit. dicta autem Libya uel quod inde libs fiat, hoc est africus, uel ut Varro ait, quasi {{sc|''λιπιυια''}}, id est egens pluviae. sic Sallustius “caelo terraque penuria aquarum”. {{sc|'''volvere parcas'''}} aut a filo traxit ‘uoluere’ aut a libro; una enim loquitur, altera scribit, alia fila deducit. et dictae sunt parcae g-kata g-antiphrasin, quod nulli parcant, sicut lucus a non lucendo, bellum a nulla re bella. nomina parcarum Clotho Lachesis Atropos.

{{ancora+|23|[[Aeneis/Liber I#23|23.]]}} {{sc|'''id metvens'''}} bis idem. archaismos. sane de futuro timor est, odium de praeteritis. metuebat ergo Carthagini, odium autem habebat propter causas sequentes. et est de utroque exemplum “conveniunt quibus aut odium crudele tyranni aut metus acer erat”. {{sc|'''veteris belli'''}} quantum ad Vergilium pertinet, antiqui; si ad Iunonem referas, diu id est per decennium gesti. tunc autem ad personam referendum est, cum ipsa loquitur; quod si nulla persona sit, ad poetam refertur. nunc ergo ‘ueteris’ ex persona poetae intellegendum. sic ipse in alio loco “mirantur dona Aeneae, mirantur Iulum flagrantesque dei uultus” partem ad se rettulit, partem ad Tyrios, qui deum eum esse nesciebant. {{sc|'''satvrnia'''}} antonomasia est, non epitheton; quae fit quotiens pro proprio nomine ponitur quod potest esse cum proprio nomine et epitheton dici. ‘Saturnia’ autem nomen quasi ad crudelitatem aptum posuit; Vergilius enim ubicumque Iovi uel Iunoni Saturni nomen adiungit, causas eis crudelitatis adnectit, ut “nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aequis”. et alibi “es germana Iovis Saturnique altera proles: irarum tantos uoluis sub pectore fluctus”.

{{ancora+|24|[[Aeneis/Liber I#24|24.]]}} {{sc|'''prima'''}} atqui Hercules prior contra Troianos pugnavit: unde modo ‘prima’ princeps accipienda est. nam poeta plerumque significationem nominum dat participiis, uel contra, ut “uoluentibus annis”, significat enim uolubilibus. hac licentia et in hoc nomine usus est, ut primam pro principe poneret. {{sc|'''prima'''}} inter primos; alii pro olim; alii ‘prima’ simpliciter, postea enim alii dii interesse coeperunt; alii ‘prima’ non ordine, sed uoluntate. aliter “primusque Machaon”; ibi enim in primis intellegitur. {{sc|'''ad troiam'''}} ‘ad’ et ‘apud’ accusativae sunt praepositiones, sed ‘apud’ semper in loco significat, ‘ad’ et in loco et ad locum, ut “ad quem tum Iuno supplex his uocibus usa est, et Cicero decem fiscos ad senatorem quendam relictos”, item “ad Marcum Laecam te habitare uelle dixisti”. {{sc|'''caris argis'''}} illic enim eam coli omnibus notum est. Argos autem in numero singulari generis neutri est, ut Horatius “aptum dicet equis Argos ditesque Mycenas”, in plurali numero masculini, ut hi Argi. ceterum derivatio nominis Argivos facit, non Argos.

{{ancora+|25|[[Aeneis/Liber I#25|25.]]}} {{sc|'''necdvm etiam'''}} aduerbium temporis. quis ante hunc? {{sc|'''cavsae irarvm'''}} nunc de praeteritis loquitur. non nulli tamen pro causa et dolore dictum accipiunt. {{sc|'''saevi'''}} autem {{sc|'''dolores'''}} quod saevire faciant.

{{ancora+|26|[[Aeneis/Liber I#26|26.]]}} {{sc|'''alta mente repostvm'''}} secreta, recondita. ‘repostum’ autem syncope est; unam enim de medio syllabam tulit. sed cum omnes sermones aut integri sint aut pathos habeant, hi qui pathos habent ita ut lecti sunt debent poni: quod etiam Maro fecit, nam “repostos” et “porgite” de Ennio transtulit: integris autem et ipsis utimur et eorum exemplo aliis.

{{ancora+|27|[[Aeneis/Liber I#27|27.]]}} {{sc|'''ivdicivm paridis'''}} nota fabula est de malo aureo, Paridem pro Venere contra Iunonem Minervamque iudicasse de forma. et bene ‘iudicium Paridis’, non favor, ne re uera uideatur offensa. sic enim agit poeta, ut et Iuno causas irascendi habeat, et tamen in Aenea nulla sit culpa. {{sc|'''spretaeqve inivria fomae'''}} epexegesis est, hoc enim fuit iudicium Paridis: ut ‘que’ particula uacet, sicut illo loco “dixitque et proelia uoce diremit”. licet multi separent dicentes aliud esse; numquam enim coniunctio ponitur nisi inter duas res. et ‘spretae formae’ referunt ad Antigonam, Laomedontis filiam, quam a Iunone propter formae adrogantiam in ciconiam constat esse conuersam.

{{ancora+|28|[[Aeneis/Liber I#28|28.]]}} {{sc|'''et genvs invisvm'''}} propter Dardanum Electrae paelicis filium. {{sc|'''rapti'''}} stuprati, ut est “rapta Garamantide nympha”. item “et raptas sine more Sabinas”. uel certe quod ad caelum raptus sit a Iove per aquilam, ut “sublimem pedibus rapuit Iovis armiger uncis”. {{sc|'''ganymedis honores'''}} Troi, regis Troianorum, filii. ‘honores’ autem dixit uel propter ministerium poculorum, quod exhibuit diis remota Hebe, Iunonis filia, uel quod inter sidera conlocatus aquarii nomen accepit. ergo irascitur Iuno quod non ob hoc tantum raptus sit, ut pocula ministraret, sed quod ideo uiolatus sit, ut divinos honores consequeretur. aut ‘honores’ propter formam, ut “et laetos oculis adflarat honores”. sane hic Ganymedes Latine Catamitus dicitur, licet Theodotius, qui Iliacas res perscripsit, hunc fuisse Belin Chaldaeum dicat et Laomedonti praedixisse, tunc perituram et civitatem et regnum Troianum, cum de monte Metios sponte fuisset saxum elapsum: quod cum evenisset, postea Ilium esse dirutam.

{{ancora+|29|[[Aeneis/Liber I#29|29.]]}} {{sc|'''his accensa svper'''}} ‘his super’ aut de his, aut super metum Carthaginis his quoque accensa. 

{{ancora+|30|[[Aeneis/Liber I#30|30.]]}} {{sc|'''troas'''}} bona oeconomia ostendit, totum genus Troianorum inuisum fuisse Iunoni, quia inlaturus est Minervam ob unius hominis delictum etiam eos quos amaverat perdidisse. {{sc|'''relliqvias'''}} ut stet uersus geminavit, nam in prosa reliquias dicimus. ‘relliquias’ autem ‘Danaum’ dupliciter et a Troianis et a Graecis dici possunt, ut “et nostro sequitur de uulnere sanguis”. {{sc|'''atqve inmitis achilli'''}} bene secundum Homerum segregat duces a populo. sic Aeneas in secundo post omnium casum Priami separavit interitum, ut “forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras”. inmitem autem dixit etiam circa extinctum crudelem. et ideo intulit Achillem praecipue, quod Aeneas cum Achille congressus sit et ut in quinto ait Neptuni beneficio liberatus. {{sc|'''achilli'''}} propter homoioteleuton detraxit s litteram, quae plerumque pro sibilo habetur non solum necessitatis, sed etiam euphoniae causa: nam alibi ipse ait “nec equis adspirat Achillis”: ut Sallustius “a principio urbis ad bellum Persi Macedonicum”. detrahitur autem tertiae declinationis genetivo. sane apud Sigeum Achillis statua fuisse dicitur, quae in lanna, id est in extima auris parte elenchum more femineo habuerit. hic apud Cretam insulam pemptus uocatus est, ut ueteres auctores tradunt.

{{ancora+|31|[[Aeneis/Liber I#31|31.]]}} {{sc|'''arcebat'''}} prohibebat. significat autem et ‘continet’. Ennius “qui fulmine claro omnia per sonitus arcet”, id est continet. 

{{ancora+|32|[[Aeneis/Liber I#32|32.]]}} {{sc|'''acti fatis'''}}  nulla Iunonis inuidia est. {{sc|'''acti fatis'''}}  si odio Iunonis fatigabantur, quo modo dicit ‘acti fatis’? sed hoc ipsum Iunonis odium fatale est. laborat enim Vergilius nihil Troianorum meritis, sed omnia fatis adscribere. est et alter sensus; nam fatum uoluntatem legimus, ut “fatis Iunonis iniquae”, id est uoluntate, ut hic intellegamus, agebantur fatis Iunonis, id est uoluntate. uel ‘fatis’ pro malis, ut “nate Iliacis exercite fatis”. {{sc|'''maria omnia'''}}  {{sc|'''circvm'''}} in fine accentum ponimus contra morem Latinum: sed corruptio hoc facit; namque praepositio postposita corrupta est sine dubio. 

{{ancora+|33|[[Aeneis/Liber I#33|33.]]}} {{sc|'''molis'''}} difficultatis. in sequentibus proprie “miratur molem Aeneas”. {{sc|'''romanam condere gentem'''}}  latenter ostendit hinc odium Iunonis Aeneam pertulisse, quod Romanae gentis auctor extabat. 

{{ancora+|34|[[Aeneis/Liber I#34|34.]]}} {{sc|'''vix'''}} hoc loco mox significat uel statim. {{sc|'''e conspectv'''}}  ut adhuc de Sicilia possent uideri. et ut Homerus omisit initia belli Troiani, sic hic non ab initio coepit erroris. 

{{ancora+|35|[[Aeneis/Liber I#35|35.]]}} {{sc|'''laeti'''}} uel alacres et ueloces, ut est “et laetus eois Eurus equis”, item “et uirgea laetus pabula”, id est festinus, cum intentione; uel re uera laeti, quamquam incongruum sit post Anchisae mortem. sed et interitus senum minus doletur, et ‘magis laetos’ intellegendum est, ut sit causa maior iracundiae. sic enim et in septimo Iuno irascitur, ubi “laetum Aenean Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno”. uel ‘laeti’ g-prothumoi, ut “omnisque iuventus laeta”. {{sc|'''salis'''}} maris secundum Homerum. salem autem quo utimur singulari numero tantum dicimus; cum iocos significamus pluralem tantum ponimus numerum, ut Lucanus “non soliti lusere sales”. aliquando autem etiam urbanitatem per singularem numerum significamus, ut Terentius “qui habet salem, quod in te est”, id est quae res in te est, masculini enim generis est, non neutri: et neutra triptota sunt, nec ab hoc accusativo nominativus esse potest ‘hoc salem’. 

{{ancora+|36|[[Aeneis/Liber I#36|36.]]}} {{sc|'''svb pectore'''}}  pro in pectore. {{sc|'''vvlnvs'''}} de praeterito dolorem dixit, de futuro metum, ad utrumque ‘uulnus’ rettulit. 

{{ancora+|37|[[Aeneis/Liber I#37|37.]]}} {{sc|'''haec secvm'''}}  subaudimus locuta est, deest enim. et hoc fictum est, ut superius diximus. unde enim hoc sciret poeta? bene autem inpatientiam doloris ostendit detrahendo ei solatia, ut in quarto solam inducit Didonem “en quid ago?” {{sc|'''haec secvm'''}}  quia uehementior adfectus est sine conscio, ut “et casum insontis mecum indignabar amici” et “crudelia secum fata Lyci”. e contrario “quicum partiri curas”. {{sc|'''mene'''}} ‘ne’ non uacat, significat enim ergo et est coniunctio rationalis. {{sc|'''incepto desistere'''}}  tolerabilius enim est non inchoare, quam incepta deserere, ut Terentius “uerum si incipias, neque pertendas naviter”. et ‘mene’ sic habet emphasin, ut “ast ego, quae divum incedo regina”. {{sc|'''victam'''}} sic et in septimo “uincor ab Aenea”. se uictam pronuntiat uelut uictam. alii iratam tradunt. 

{{ancora+|38|[[Aeneis/Liber I#38|38.]]}} {{sc|'''nec posse italia'''}}  detraxit more suo praepositionem provinciae; non enim dixit ‘de Italia’, sed ‘Italia’. {{sc|'''tevcrorvm'''}} quia Teucer et Scamandrus Creta profecti Troiam venerunt. facta ascensione hospitio a Dardano accepti de advenis cives facti, quia Batiam, Teucri filiam, Dardanus sibi iunxit et populares suos socero cognomines fecit. {{sc|'''avertere'''}} id est in perpetuum. {{sc|'''regem'''}} hoc est, quia nihil amisit, rex est. et mire Aeneam noluit nominare. honorantur enim minores a maioribus si suo nomine fuerint nominati, ut “Aeole, namque tibi”. contra contumelia est si maiores a minoribus suo nomine nominantur, ut “Iunonis gravis ira”. et “pacem te poscimus omnes Turne”. et bene ‘regem’ inuidiose; non enim dixit Troianos, sed unum hominem Troianum. 

{{ancora+|39|[[Aeneis/Liber I#39|39.]]}} {{sc|'''qvippe vetor fatis'''}}  re uera, inquit, fata me prohibent. ergo Iuno ignorat uim fatorum. sed hoc non possumus dicere, quia superius lectum est “si qua fata sinant et audierat”. hoc ergo est. omnis res hominum aut ex nostra uoluntate descendit, ut puta sedere surgere; aut ex fati necessitate, ut nasci mori; aut ex deorum uoluntate, ut navigare uel honoribus frui. nunc de navigatione agitur; et bene inuidiose, quasi etiam huius rei potestatem ei possint fata detrahere. est et alter sensus latens, ut speret se reginam contra exulum fata posse aliquid, si Minervae numen inferius ualuit contra fata uictorum. PALLASNE Minerva g-apo g-tou g-pallein g-to g-doru, id est ab hastae concussione; uel quod Pallantem gigantem occiderit. sane opportune hic Aiacis naufragium ad exemplum adfert, cum de naufragio Aeneae cogitat. et cum bellum meditatur, belli exemplum adfert “Mars perdere gentem inmanem Lapithum ualuit”. ‘ne’ autem coniunctio expletiva uidetur. an aliter? {{sc|'''exvrere'''}} exuri dicitur de quo nihil superest, ut “quid memorem exustas Erycino in litore classes?” {{sc|'''classem'''}} ad inuidiam posuit, ut pro una navi classem dicat. sic Venus “navibus infandum amissis”, cum Orontes solus perisset. aut re uera unam navem significat, ut Horatius “me uel extremos Numidarum in agros classe releget”. classis enim dicta est g-apo g-tohn g-kalohn, id est a lignis, unde et calones dicuntur qui ligna militibus portant, et g-kalopodia.

{{ancora+|40|[[Aeneis/Liber I#40|40.]]}} {{sc|'''argivvm'''}} quasi et illud contra fata. et ‘Argivum’ pro Argivorum; uidetur autem specie accusativi singularis pro genetivo plurali usus. et bene ‘Argivum’ quasi quos ipsa Iuno amat, ut supra “pro caris gesserat Argis”. {{sc|'''potvit'''}} ad illud refertur quod superius dixit ‘nec posse’. et inuidiose potentiam Minervae exaggerat, quae uno tempore et exurere potuit et submergere. 

{{ancora+|41|[[Aeneis/Liber I#41|41.]]}} {{sc|'''vnivs ob noxam'''}} in istis sermonibus unius illius ipsius naturaliter media producitur syllaba, sed cum opus est corripitur hac excusatione: nam quotiens uocalem longam uocalis sequitur, ei uires detrahit, ut est “insulae Ionio in magno et sub Ilio alto”. et ob hoc mutant accentum; in Latino enim sermone cum paenultima corripitur, antepaenultima habet accentum, ut hoc loco ‘unius ob noxam’ et contra “navibus infandum amissis unius ob iram prodimur”. {{sc|'''noxam'''}} pro ‘noxiam’. et hoc interest inter noxam et noxiam, quod noxia culpa est, noxa autem poena. quidam noxa quae nocuit, noxia id quod nocitum accipiunt. sane latenter tangit historiam; dicitur enim Minerva in tantum ob uitiatam Cassandram in templo suo solius Aiacis poena non fuisse contenta, ut postea per oraculum de eius regno quotannis unam nobilem puellam iusserit Ilium sibi ad sacrificium mitti, et quod est amplius, de ea tribu, de qua Aiax fuerat, sicut Annaeus Placidus refert. {{sc|'''fvrias'''}} amorem, ut in bucolicis “seu quicumque furor”. alii sic accipiunt, quasi illum in furore deliquisse dicat, Troianos scientes. OILI Oilei. et non uacat; nam et duo Aiaces fuerunt, et ambo furuerunt, sed ira armorum Telamonius, hic amore, qui Cassandram in templo Minervae capto Ilio stupravit. et est graeca figura, si dicamus ‘Aeneas Anchisae’ et subaudiamus filius. hac autem figura utimur circa patres et circa maritos tantum, ut Vergilius “Deiphobe Glauci”, id est filia, et “Hectoris Andromache”, id est uxor. sane hic Aiax, Oilei filius a multis historicis Graecis tertiam manum dicitur post tergum habuisse quod ideo dicitur fictum, quia sic celeriter utebatur in proelio manibus, ut tertiam habere putaretur. 

{{ancora+|42|[[Aeneis/Liber I#42|42.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa'''}} bene ipsa; dulcis enim est propria manu quaesita uindicta: unde plus dolet Iuno alienis se uiribus niti, ut Aeoli uel inferorum, sicut ipsa “flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta movebo”. {{sc|'''rapidvm'''}} uelocem, ut est “cum rapidus sol nondum hiemem contingit equis, iam praeterit aestas” item “rapidive potentia solis”. [sed] cum Varro divinarum quinto quattuor diis fulmina adsignet, inter quos et Minervae, quaeritur, cur Minerva Iovis fulmen miserit. antiqui Iovis solius putaverunt esse fulmen, nec id unum esse, ut testantur Etrusci libri de fulguratura, in quibus duodecim genera fulminum scripta sunt, ita ut est Iovis Iunonis Minervae, sic quoque aliorum: nam de Iunonis fulmine Accius ait “praeferuido fulgore ardor iniectus Iunonis dextra ingenti incidit”. quare tum non posuit Minervam misisse fulmen suum? sed multi dicunt, habere quidem Minervam ut Iovem et Iunonem fulmen, sed non tantum ualere, ut uindictam suam possit implere, nisi usa esset Iovis fulmine: unde merito queritur Iuno, Minervam, cum de numero minorum sit qui fulmen habent, usam tamen Iovis fulmine. {{sc|'''iacvlata'''}} in libris Etruscorum lectum est iactus fulminum manubias dici et certa esse numina possidentia fulminum iactus, ut Iovem Vulcanum Minervam. cavendum ergo est, ne aliis hoc numinibus demus. et ‘iaculata’ pro iaculans, participium passivum pro activo. {{sc|'''e nvbibvs'''}} secundum physicos qui dicunt conlisione nubium fulmen creari. et indignatur Iuno, quod, cum nubes suae sint, pariter eis Minerva ac Iovis fulmine usa sit, cum sibi neutrum prosit. 

{{ancora+|43|[[Aeneis/Liber I#43|43.]]}} {{sc|'''disiecitqve'''}} quidam uolunt fulminum genera quattuor esse: unum quod dicitur dissiciens idemque fragosum, alterum transfigens, tertium corripiens, quartum infigens: quas omnes species more suo in unius fulguris descriptione attigit dicens primum ‘disiecitque rates’, secundum ‘illum expirantem transfixo pectore’, tertium ‘turbine corripuit’, quartum ‘scopuloque infixit acuto’. {{sc|'''rates'''}} abusive naves; nam proprie rates sunt conexae inuicem trabes. Varro ad Ciceronem “ratis dicta navis longa propter remos, quod hi supra aquam sublati dextra et sinistra duas rates efficere uidentur. ratis enim, unde hoc translatum, ubi plures mali aut trabes iuncti aqua ducuntur. hinc naviculae cum remis ratariae dicuntur”. 

{{ancora+|44|[[Aeneis/Liber I#44|44.]]}} {{sc|'''illvm'''}} auctorem scilicet criminis. {{sc|'''expirantem flammas'''}} non animam dicit ‘flammas’, sed cum anima fulminis flammas uomentem. et ut superius pleno nomini adiecit ‘opum’, id est “dives opum”, sic hic uerbo; cum enim plenum sit ‘expirantem’, addidit ‘flammas’, ut alio loco ‘animas’, ut “confixi expirant animas”. alii ‘expirantem’ anhelantem accipiunt. Probus et ‘tempore’ legit, ut ipse “liquefacto tempora plumbo”. sed qui legunt ‘pectore’ de Accio translatum adfirmant, qui ait in Clytemestra de Aiace “in pectore fulmen inchoatum flammam ostentabat Iovis”. qui ‘tempore’ legunt de topica historia tractum dicunt; nam Ardeae in templo Castoris et Pollucis in laeva intrantibus post forem Capaneos pictus est fulmen per utraque tempora traiectus. et singulare nomen pro plurali. totius autem Italiae curiosissimum fuisse Vergilium multifariam apparet. 

{{ancora+|45|[[Aeneis/Liber I#45|45.]]}} {{sc|'''tvrbine'''}} uolubilitate uentorum. {{sc|'''scopvlo'''}} saxo eminenti. ‘scopulus’ autem aut a speculando dictus est, aut a tegimento navium, g-apo g-tou g-skepazein. contigerunt autem ista circa Caphereum montem Euboeae. INFIXIT Cornutus ait ‘inflixit’ uerius, quod sit uehementius. 

{{ancora+|46|[[Aeneis/Liber I#46|46.]]}} {{sc|'''ast ego'''}}  nunc conparat singula. et ne leve esset quod dixerat ‘ego’, addidit ‘deorum regina’; sic Sallustius “uos autem, hoc est populus Romanus”. {{sc|'''divvm'''}} autem pro divorum, sicut ‘Argivum’. {{sc|'''incedo'''}} incedere proprie est nobilium personarum, hoc est cum aliqua dignitate ambulare, ut “regina ad templum forma pulcherrima Dido incessit et aut iaculo incedit melior”, Sallustius “sed incedunt per ora uestra magnifici”. 

{{ancora+|47|[[Aeneis/Liber I#47|47.]]}} {{sc|'''et soror et conivnx'''}}  physici Iovem aetherem, id est ignem uolunt intellegi, Iunonem uero aerem, et quoniam tenuitate haec elementa paria sunt, dixerunt esse germana. sed quoniam Iuno, hoc est aer, subiectus est igni, id est Iovi, iure superposito elemento mariti traditum nomen est. Iovem autem a iuvando dixerunt; nulla enim res sic fovet omnia, quemadmodum calor. {{sc|'''tot annos'''}} licenter in istis elocutionibus et accusativo et ablativo utimur. dicimus enim et ‘tota nocte legi’ et ‘totam noctem legi’. honestior tamen elocutio est per accusativum. sane ‘tot annos’ continuationem significat, ‘tot annis’ autem intervallum. 

{{ancora+|48|[[Aeneis/Liber I#48|48.]]}} {{sc|'''et qvisqvam'''}}  non Troianorum, sed omnium generaliter. {{sc|'''ivnonis'''}} autem pro ‘meum’, nomen pro pronomine. 

{{ancora+|49|[[Aeneis/Liber I#49|49.]]}} {{sc|'''praeterea'''}} postea, ut “praeterea uidit, nec portitor Orci amplius obiectam passus transire paludem”. {{sc|'''svpplex'''}} breviter utrumque dixit; aut enim suscipiuntur uota precibus, aut honore redduntur. et ostendere uult, non solum non sibi supplicandum, sed nec simplici veneratione dignam futuram. 

{{ancora+|50|[[Aeneis/Liber I#50|50.]]}} {{sc|'''talia flammato'''}}  quod superius intermiserat nunc reddidit. nam dixerat superius ‘haec secum’ et modo ait ‘uolutans’, id est cogitans. multi sane ‘talia uolutans’ talia revolutans accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|51|[[Aeneis/Liber I#51|51.]]}} {{sc|'''nimborvm'''}} nimbi nunc uentos significant, plerumque nubes uel pluvias: ergo prout locus fuerit intellegamus. proprie tamen nimbi uocantur repentinae et praecipites pluviae; nam pluvias dicimus lentas et iuges. et figurate ‘patriam, loca’; unum enim uarietas ipsa significat. {{sc|'''loca feta'''}} nunc plena, ut alio loco “feta armis”. sciendum est autem fetam dici et gravidam et partu liberatam, ut “fecerat et uiridi fetam Mavortis in antro”; enixam autem eam fuisse lac, quod pueris praebebatur, ostendit. item fetam gravidam illo loco ostendit, “non insueta graves temptabunt pabula fetas”. ergo quia feta medius sermo est, bene hoc loco epitheto discrevit, dicens ‘graves fetas’, ut bonum facinus et malum facinus dicimus, bonum venenum et malum venenum. {{sc|'''avstris'''}} figura est celebrata apud Vergilium: et est species pro genere. legerat apud Ennium “furentibus uentis”, sed quasi asperum fugit et posuit ‘austris’ pro uentis. 

{{ancora+|52|[[Aeneis/Liber I#52|52.]]}} {{sc|'''aeoliam venit'''}}  novem insulae, quae sunt post fretum Siciliae, appellantur Aeoliae ab Aeolo rege, Hippotae filio, licet habeant et propria nomina. unde et Vergilius ait “Aeoliam Liparen”. poetae quidem fingunt hunc regem esse uentorum, sed ut Varro dicit, rex fuit insularum, ex quarum nebulis et fumo Vulcaniae insulae praedicens futura flabra uentorum inperitis uisus est uentos sua potestate retinere. {{sc|'''aeoliam venit'''}} in Aeoliam. detraxit ⟨praepositionem⟩, ut “Italiam fato”. Aeolus Hippotae sive Iovis sive Neptuni filius. qui cum immineret bellum, quo Tyrrhenus, Lipari frater, Peloponnesum uastare proposuisset, missus ab Agamemnone, ut freta tueretur, pervenit ad Liparum, qui supra dictas insulas regebat imperio, factaque amicitia Cyanam filiam eius in matrimonium sumpsit et Strongulam insulam in qua maneret accepit. {{sc|'''hic'''}} illic, ut superius “hic currus fuit”. {{sc|'''vasto antro'''}} physica ratione hoc fingit poeta. naturale enim est ut loca concava plena sint uentis. sane ‘uasto’ pro desolato ueteres ponebant. Ennius Iphigenia “quae nunc abs te uiduae et uastae uirgines sunt”. ponebant et pro magno. Clodius commentariorum “uasta: inania magna”. 

{{ancora+|53|[[Aeneis/Liber I#53|53.]]}} {{sc|'''lvctantes'''}} elaborantes egredi uel inter se saevientes. {{sc|'''sonoras'''}} graves sonis, et est tempestatis epitheton. ordo autem talis est, Aeolus uentos et tempestates sonoras uasto antro premit. quidam ‘sonoras’ semper strepentes tradunt, ut “fluminibusque sonoris”; nam sonorum est quidquid sine intermissione sonum servat, sonans uero quod ad tempus auditur. male autem quidam accipiunt ‘sonoras’ pro sonantes, cum sit proprium ‘sonoras’, ut g-thalassa g-te g-ehchehessa. aliud est enim g-ehchousa, id est sonans. 

{{ancora+|54|[[Aeneis/Liber I#54|54.]]}} {{sc|'''ac vinclis et carcere frenat'''}}  translatio est per poeticam licentiam facta. carcer autem est undecumque prohibemur exire, dictus quasi arcer ab arcendo. locum autem, in quo servantur noxii, carcerem dicimus numero tantum singulari; unde uero erumpunt quadrigae, carceres dicimus numero tantum plurali, licet plerumque usurpet poeta, ut est “ruuntque effusi carcere currus”. alii uinclis carceris tradunt, ut “quam ferro excisam crebrisque bipennibus instant”. 

{{ancora+|55|[[Aeneis/Liber I#55|55.]]}} {{sc|'''illi indignantes'''}}  hic aperte ostendit, quid sit ‘luctantes’. {{sc|'''magno cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} non circum montis claustra, sed cum magno montis murmure fremebant. et est maior sensus: sic fremebant, ut etiam antra possent sonare. {{sc|'''cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} sic dixit Pacuvius “murmur maris”, quia uentos murmur sequitur, ut ipse alibi “magno misceri murmure pontum”. 

{{ancora+|56|[[Aeneis/Liber I#56|56.]]}} {{sc|'''circvm fremvnt'''}}  quidam hoc loco ‘fremunt’ id est imperia recusant intellegunt, ut apud Cassium in annalium secundo “ne quis regnum occuparet, si plebs nostra fremere imperia coepisset”, id est recusare. ita et hic ostendit uentos imperia recusantes. non numquam ‘fremere’ uelle significat, ut “arma amens fremit, arma toro tectisque requirit”. {{sc|'''celsa arce'''}} secundum quod superius diximus. uenti enim melius deprehenduntur ex alto. {{sc|'''sedet'''}} non otiatur, sed curat; apud antiquos enim ‘sedet’ considerat significabat, ut alio loco ait “Turnus sacrata ualle sedebat”. 

{{ancora+|57|[[Aeneis/Liber I#57|57.]]}} {{sc|'''mollitqve animos'''}}  id est uentos g-apo g-tohn g-anemohn, ut ipse alibi “quantum ignes animaeque ualent” et Horatius “inpellunt animae lintea Thraciae”. ‘mollit’ autem ideo dixit, ut per transitum ostenderet, uitia naturae nulla ratione mutari, sed mitigari aliquatenus posse. 

{{ancora+|58|[[Aeneis/Liber I#58|58.]]}} {{sc|'''maria ac terras caelvmqve profvndvm'''}}  atqui quattuor elementa sunt, terra aqua aer aether. sed hoc loco rite praetermisit aetherem, quia uenti non turbant superiora, ut ait Lucanus “pacem summa tenent”, sed aut terras aut maria aut aerem. nam caelum hoc loco pro aere posuit, ut Lucretius “in hoc caelo qui dicitur aer”. ‘profundum’ autem et sublime dicitur [et profundum mare], ut ‘supremum’ ⟨et⟩ altum “pro supreme Iuppiter”, ⟨et⟩ postremum. potest et ad maria et ad terras referri. quidam ‘profundum’ in profundum accipiunt, alii pro funditus. et sicut hic ‘profundum’ in altitudinem, sic alibi fastigia de infima parte “forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras”. 

{{ancora+|59|[[Aeneis/Liber I#59|59.]]}} {{sc|'''ferant'''}} auferant; et est aphaeresis. {{sc|'''rapidi'''}} ueloces, ut supra. {{sc|'''verrantqve'''}} uerrere est trahere, a rete, quod uerriculum dicitur. est autem principalitas uerbi uerro uerris, praeteritum uersi, unde et fit participium uersus, hinc alibi “et uersa puluis inscribitur hasta”, id est tracta. 
{{ancora+|60|[[Aeneis/Liber I#60|60.]]}} {{sc|'''spelvncis atris'''}}  uel tenebrosis, uel magnis. 

{{ancora+|61|[[Aeneis/Liber I#61|61.]]}} {{sc|'''id metvens'''}}  timens. ergo Iuppiter timet, non sibi, sed elementis, ne turbentur eruptione uentorum, ut si bellorum tempore dicas uirum fortem timere, non sibi, sed liberis suis. {{sc|'''hoc metvens'''}} providens cavens. {{sc|'''molemqve et montes'''}} id est molem montis. et est figura, ut una res in duas dividatur, metri causa interposita coniunctione, ut alio loco “pateris libamus et auro”, id est pateris aureis. 

{{ancora+|62|[[Aeneis/Liber I#62|62.]]}} {{sc|'''foedere'''}} modo lege, alias pace, quae fit inter dimicantes. foedus autem dictum uel a fetialibus, id est sacerdotibus per quos fiunt foedera, uel a porca foede, hoc est lapidibus occisa, ut ipse “et caesa iungebant foedera porca”. 

{{ancora+|63|[[Aeneis/Liber I#63|63.]]}} {{sc|'''et premere et laxas sciret dare ivssvs habenas'''}}  permansit in translatione, ut “uinclis et carcere frenat”. ‘iussus’ autem ob hoc posuit, quia suo nihil facit imperio. nam tolle hoc, et maior est omnibus diis, si ad eius uoluntatem possunt elementa confundi: ut ipse “Aeolus mihi iussa capessere fas est”. simul uentorum ostenditur uis, quibus parum fuerat montem superponi, nisi et regem acciperent, qui ipse quoque alieno pareret imperio. ET PREMERE E- L- S- D- I- H- alioquin Iunoni obsequi non posset. alii ‘iussus’ ita intellegunt, non cum iuberetur eum hoc facere, sed ita administrare, ut etiam iussus erat, secundum desiderium temporum. 

{{ancora+|64|[[Aeneis/Liber I#64|64.]]}} {{sc|'''ad'''}} apud quem, ut supra. 

{{ancora+|65|[[Aeneis/Liber I#65|65.]]}} {{sc|'''aeole'''}} rhetoricum est in omni petitione haec observare, ut possit praestare qui petitur, ut sit possibilitas, ut sit res iusta quae petitur, ut habeat modum petitio, ut sequatur remuneratio. et sciendum est secundum hunc ordinem omnes petitiones formare Vergilium, ut in hoc loco possibilitas est ‘et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere uento’. iusta petitio est ‘gens inimica mihi’; omne enim quod contra inimicos petimus iustum est. modus petitionis est ‘et dissice corpora ponto’. remuneratio ‘sunt mihi bis septem praestanti c- n-’. {{sc|'''aeole incvte vim ventis'''}} ordo ipse est. et est figura parenthesis. inter parenthesin et ellipsin hoc interest, quod parenthesis es quotiens remota de medio sententia integer sermo perdurat; plenum namque est ‘Aeole incute uim uentis’. item “Aeneas rapidum ad naves praemittit Achatem”. ellipsis autem est quotiens remotis interpositis deest aliquid, ut est “quos ego - post mihi non simili poena”; deest enim ‘adfligam’. {{sc|'''aeole'''}} sane antiqui quotiens a minoribus beneficium petebant, a nomine incipiebant, et erat honoratius si nomen ipsius ante praeferrent. DIVUM PATER ATQUE HOMINUM REX Iuppiter. et periphrasis est, id est circumlocutio. ‘pater’ autem a Vergilio ad eminentiam ponitur, ut “pater Aeneas” et “pater Appenninus”. 

{{ancora+|66|[[Aeneis/Liber I#66|66.]]}} {{sc|'''et mvlcere dedit flvctvs et tollere vento'''}}  aliud pendet ex alio; nam qui potest mulcere, potest et tollere, id est erigere in tempestatem. ‘mulcere’ autem delenire. hinc mulsum quod dulcedine animos nostros permulceat. alii ‘mulcere’ mitigare, mollire uel fovere. 

{{ancora+|67|[[Aeneis/Liber I#67|67.]]}} {{sc|'''gens'''}} sermo hic et nationem significat et familiam, sed nunc ad utrumque potest referri. nam aut ad familiam Aeneae aut ad Troianam gentem refertur. {{sc|'''tyrrhenvm'''}} tyrrhenus cum fratre Lydo regnum ea indulgentia tenuit, ut ingens frequentia populi his contingeret: quae causa summam rerum fecit inopiam, nullo patriam relinquente aut uolente peregrinari, quia tanta bonitas erat in regibus. consilium igitur habuerunt, ut partiti turbam, quam alere non poterant, alternis diebus abstinerent a cibis lusibusque uacaretur. atque hac lascivia excogitaverunt talorum tesserarumque iactus pilaeque lusum et tibiae modulationem et concentum symphoniae tubarumque, quibus avocati cives facilius tolerarent ieiunium. novissime tamen quia uincebat necessitas nec ulla consilia famem relevarent, sortiti sunt, uter ex fratribus cum parte populi abiret in quas sors terras dedisset. cum Tyrrhenus sorte iussus discederet, in mari quod Tyrrhenum ab eo uocatur periit. cuius filius Tuscus cum populo evasit in regionem Tusciam, quae ab eo nomen accepit. {{sc|'''tyrrhenvm'''}} tyrrhenum mare dictum est uel quod Tusciam adluit, id est Tyrrheniam, uel certe a Tyrrhenis nautis, qui se in hoc mare praecipitaverunt. namque hoc habet fabula, dormientem in litore Liberum patrem puerum nautas abstulisse Tyrrhenos. qui cum esset experrectus in navi, quo duceretur rogavit; responderunt illi, quo uellet. Liber ait ad Naxum insulam sibi sacratam. at coeperunt alio uela deflectere, quam ob rem iratum numen tigres sibi sacratas iussit uideri, quo terrore se illi in fluctus dedere praecipites. alii dicunt, quod stuprum Libero patri inferre temptaverint ac propterea hoc pertulerint. {{sc|'''mihi navigat'''}} id est in meum dolorem. {{sc|'''navigat aeqvor'''}} figura Graeca est; nos enim dicimus per aequor navigat. similiter etiam alio loco “terram, mare, sidera iuro”, cum latinitas exigat, ut addatur praepositio per. et non uacat quod ‘Tyrrhenum’ addidit; uidetur enim dicere, iam eis Italiam esse uicinam. 

{{ancora+|68|[[Aeneis/Liber I#68|68.]]}} {{sc|'''ilivm in italiam portans'''}}  id est res Ilienses. et inuidiose dicit Ilium, quasi ipsam cernat civitatem, cum Troianos aspexerit. et bene ‘Ilium’, hoc est quam fata stare noluerint. {{sc|'''victosqve penates'''}} a Graecis. tacite occurrit quaestioni: portat quidem deos, sed uictos, hoc est contemnendos, ne facere contra inuictos nollet. 

{{ancora+|69|[[Aeneis/Liber I#69|69.]]}} {{sc|'''incvte vim ventis'''}}  duplex sensus est: ‘incute’ enim si inice significat, ‘uentis’ dativus est casus, hoc est, parva est eorum, etiam tu eis da magnam uim; si autem ‘fac’, septimus casus est, et erit sensus: fac uim Troianis per uentos, hoc est, per uentos uim in Troianos incute. Ennius “dictis Romanis incutit iram”. {{sc|'''svbmersasqve obrve pvppes'''}} ordo est ⟨inuersus⟩ in sensu; ante enim est ut obruantur fluctibus, et sic submerguntur. tota autem Iunonis petitio in sequentibus explanatur. SUBMERSASQUE OBRVE P- id est obrue, ut submergas. 

{{ancora+|70|[[Aeneis/Liber I#70|70.]]}} {{sc|'''avt age diversos'''}}  hoc est disperge illos per diversa, ne ad Italiam veniant; duobus enim generibus deletur exercitus, aut internecione aut dispersione. {{sc|'''et dissice corpora'''}} hic mutavit coniunctionem, nam dicendum erat ‘aut dissice corpora’. {{sc|'''corpora ponto'''}} tam uirorum quam navium, ut ipse alio loco cum de navibus loqueretur “et toto descendit corpore pestis”. sciendum sane est artem hanc esse petitionis, ut minora inpetrare cupientes maiora poscamus: quod etiam nunc Iuno facit. scit namque se fatis obstare non posse, sed hoc agit, ut eos arceat ab Italia. 

{{ancora+|71|[[Aeneis/Liber I#71|71.]]}} {{sc|'''svnt mihi bis septem'''}}  non sine ratione Iuno nymphas dicitur sua potestate retinere; ipsa est enim aer, de quo nubes creantur, ut est “atque in nubem cogitur aer”, ex nubibus aquae, quas nymphas esse non dubium est. ideo autem nympham Aeolo pollicetur, quia uentorum rex est, qui aquae motu creantur. bene ergo ei iungitur origo uentorum. sane notant Vergilium critici, quia marito promittit uxorem: quod excusat regia licentia, ut Sallustius “denas alii alii plures habent, sed reges eo amplius”. uel certe quod ex priore coniuge inprobos filios Aeolus habuerit, uel quod haec quam promittit inmortalis est. alii uolunt Iunonem per iram oblitam, Aeolum uxorem et filios habere; quod exinde adserunt, quia Aeolus ad haec nihil ei responderit. et bene Iuno sic pollicetur, quasi Aeolo beneficium ante non concesserit. econtra Aeolus non ad praesens, sed ad praeteritum respondit ‘tu mihi quodcumque hoc regni est’. {{sc|'''praestanti corpore nymphae'''}} bene etiam istas laudat, ut maior sit in Deiopea pulchritudinis gloria. laudabilius enim est superare laudatos, ut ipse ad maiorem Aeneae gloriam laudat et Turnum. harum autem quattuordecim nomina, ut quidam uolunt, in Georgicis invenimus. ‘praestanti’ autem ‘corpore’ pro praestantis corporis, ablativum pro genetivo. 

{{ancora+|72|[[Aeneis/Liber I#72|72.]]}} {{sc|'''qvarvm qvae forma'''}}  dicimus et per se ‘quarum quae pulcherrima’, et plus ornavit inferendo ‘forma pulcherrima’. 

{{ancora+|73|[[Aeneis/Liber I#73|73.]]}} {{sc|'''convbio ivngam'''}}  deest eam; et conubium est ius legitimi matrimonii. et bene ‘conubio iungam’ dixit, ut hanc ab aliis segregaret, quae a regibus sine lege habentur. solent enim reges inter plures uni praecipuum dare nomen uxoris. et ‘conubio’ nu brevem posuit, cum naturaliter longa sit. nubo enim, unde habet originem, longa est. sed est tropus systole, qui fit quotienscumque longa corripitur syllaba propter metri necessitatem. ipse alio loco longam posuit, ut est “Hectoris Andromache Pyrrhin conubia servas?” item “cuique loci leges dedimus, conubia nostra reppulit” et “per conubia nostra” et “Nomadumque petam conubia supplex”. sciendum tamen est, quia plerumque in conpositione uel derivatione principalitatis natura corrumpitur. {{sc|'''convbio ivngam stabili propriamqve dicabo'''}} multa in unum contulit uersum quae Iuno promittit; dicendo enim ‘conubio’ ostendit legitimam, dicendo ‘stabili’ longam promittit concordiam, id est quae divortio careat, dicendo ‘propriam’ adulterii removet suspitionem. quod autem adiecit ‘dicabo’ obsequentem eam fore demonstrat. in usu enim est ut dicamus, sacerdos dicatus est numini, hoc est ad obsequium datus est. alii ‘dicabo’ dabo accipiunt. Terentius “iam hanc operam tibi dico”, id est do, sicuti ab eo quod est dico participium a passivo dictus facit, ut est “Iunoni infernae dictus sacer”, quamuis alibi lectum sit “templis sibi ferre dicatis”. ‘propriam dicabo’ autem deest ‘tibi eam’. ‘propriam’ autem possumus uel firmam uel perpetuam accipere, ut “si proprium hoc fuerit”. Terentius “nihilne esse cuiquam proprium” et “quod uoluptates eorum propriae sunt” et “da propriam, Thymbraee, domum”. 

{{ancora+|74|[[Aeneis/Liber I#74|74.]]}} {{sc|'''omnes annos'''}}  bene, quia dea est; non enim usque ad senectutem. {{sc|'''meritis'''}} praestitis, ut alibi “nec te regina negabo promeritam”, id est praestitisse. et alterum pendet ex altero; meritum enim non nisi ex praestantis descendit beneficio. 

{{ancora+|75|[[Aeneis/Liber I#75|75.]]}} {{sc|'''pvlchra prole'''}}  bene postremum addidit propter quod matrimonium contrahitur, pulcherrimos filios. et mire hoc Iuno Lucina promittit, quasi non ob libidinem offerat. {{sc|'''pvlchra prole'''}} notanda figura; frequenter enim hac utitur. nam quod nos per genetivum singularem dicimus, antiqui per septimum dicebant, ut hoc loco ‘parentem pulchra prole’, id est pulchrae prolis. et simpliciter intellegendum est; errant namque qui dicunt ideo ‘pulchra’ dixisse propter Canacen et Macareum in se inuicem turpissimos fratres. illi enim alterius Aeoli filii fuerunt. 

{{ancora+|76|[[Aeneis/Liber I#76|76.]]}} {{sc|'''aeolvs haec'''}}  subaudis ‘dixit’, quod ex posterioribus intellegitur, ut supra notavimus. {{sc|'''regina'''}} inferioris personae revetentia est maiorem meritis appellare, non nomine; contra maioris est minorem nomine tantum uocare. qui ordo non nisi per indignationem corrumpitur, ut in duodecimo Sages in extremis rebus Turnum non regem uocat, ut “ruitque inplorans nomine Turnum”. et alibi de Aristaeo “et te crudelem nomine dicit”. {{sc|'''optes'''}} optare non tantum eligere significat, ut alibi “optavitque locum regno”, sed etiam uelle, ut hoc loco ‘quid optes’ quid uelis. Lucilius in VI. “quid ipsum facere optes”, id est uelis. alii ‘quid optes’ quid petas. sane servavit ordinem; nam qui promittit statim a primo polliceri debet, post si qua uult addat, ut auditor expectatione non pendeat. 

{{ancora+|77|[[Aeneis/Liber I#77|77.]]}} {{sc|'''explorare'''}} deliberare; superius namque multa poposcerat Iuno. hoc ergo dicit: tuum est deliberare, quid uelis. aut certe aperire uel pensare, quale sit desiderium. alii explorare Iovis animum; aut certe ‘explorare’ explanare; aut certe statuere, an aequum sit quod petis, tuus enim hic labor est. {{sc|'''mihi ivssa capessere fas est'''}} figura est litotes, quae fit quotienscumque minus dicimus et plus significamus per contrarium intellegentes, ut hoc loco non ait: licet mihi inplere quae praecipis, sed nefas est non inplere quae iusseris. item “munera nec sperno”, id est libenter accipio. {{sc|'''mihi ivssa capessere fas est'''}} hoc secundum ea quae aliter dicuntur, aliter audiuntur dictum est. [nam] cum dicit non se posse ⟨non⟩ inplere quae Iuno praecipiat, nefas tamen putat [non] inplere praecepta. ‘mihi’ sane ultima syllaba produci debet, quia hoc casu omnia uel nomina uel pronomina uel participia in ultima syllaba produci debent. ‘capessere’ autem est saepe capere. 

{{ancora+|78|[[Aeneis/Liber I#78|78.]]}} {{sc|'''tv mihi qvodcvmqve hoc regni'''}}  rediit ad physicam rationem. nam motus aeris, id est Iunonis, uentos creat, quibus Aeolus praeest. dicendo autem ‘quodcumque’ aut uerecunde ait, ne uideatur adrogans, aut latenter paene iocatur poeta; quis enim potest uentos, id est rem inanem tenere? TU MIHI Q- H- R- hoc ad illud respondet ‘namque tibi divum pater atque hominum rex’. QUODCVMQUE H- R- quia ipse rex sub alieno imperio est. ‘quodcumque’ ergo quod ‘clauso uentorum carcere regno’, nec in mea manu est nisi iusso uentos emittere. {{sc|'''iovemqve concilias'''}} hysteroproteron in sensu. non enim Iuppiter conciliatur Aeolo, sed Aeolus Iovi, quasi superiori. conciliantur autem novi, reconciliantur antiqui. 

{{ancora+|79|[[Aeneis/Liber I#79|79.]]}} {{sc|'''tv das epvlis accvmbere divvm'''}}  hoc est, tu me deum facis. duplici enim ratione divinos honores meremur, dearum coniugio et conuivio deorum. unde et in bucolicis “nec deus hunc mensa, dea nec dignata cubili est”. sane ‘epulis accumbere’ secundum sui temporis consuetudinem dixit; nam olim sedentes uescebantur, sicut ipse meminit “gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili” et “perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis”. et apud Homerum sedentes dii epulantur. 

{{ancora+|80|[[Aeneis/Liber I#80|80.]]}} {{sc|'''nimborvmqve'''}} nubium, ut “et lunam in nimbo nox intempesta tenebat”. 

{{ancora+|81|[[Aeneis/Liber I#81|81.]]}} {{sc|'''haec vbi dicta'''}}  et a Iunone et ab Aeolo. et ‘dicta’ si nomen est, dedit, si participium, deest sunt. et ‘haec ubi dicta’ pro postquam, aduerbium locale pro temporali. {{sc|'''cavvm'''}} ordo est, conuersa cuspide cavum montem in latus inpulit. et alibi “in latus inque feri curvam compagibus aluum contorsit”. alii ‘in latus’ pro latus accipiunt. Ennius “nam me gravis impetus Orci percutit in latus”. {{sc|'''inpvlit in latvs'''}} quasi in rem quae facile cedit ictui. 

{{ancora+|82|[[Aeneis/Liber I#82|82.]]}} {{sc|'''agmine'''}} uel inpetu uel multitudine. agmen enim polysemus sermo est. nam inpetum significat, ut “illi agmine certo Laocoonta petunt”; multitudinem, ut “uocat agmina saeva sororum”. etiam incedentem exercitum ‘agmen’ uocamus. 

{{ancora+|83|[[Aeneis/Liber I#83|83.]]}} {{sc|'''qva data'''}}  et in undecimo “coeant in foedera dextrae qua datur”. ‘qua’ ergo quoniam. et ‘qua data’ ad uotum uentorum uidetur rettulisse. {{sc|'''porta'''}} omnis exitus porta dicitur, quasi qua potest uel inportari uel exportari aliquid. aut ideo ‘porta’, quia ‘agmine’ dixerat; nam porta proprie aut urbis aut castrorum est. {{sc|'''tvrbine'''}} ui uentorum. et sciendum est, quod quando appellativum est ‘turbinis’ facit, sed si sit nomen proprium, ‘Turbonis’ facit, ut Horatius “Turbonis in armis”. 

{{ancora+|84|[[Aeneis/Liber I#84|84.]]}} {{sc|'''incvbvere mari'''}}  tria dicit elementa turbata: ‘terras turbine perflant’, ‘incubuere mari’ et rursum ‘intonuere poli’. his ergo enumeratis recte adiecit ‘intentant omnia mortem’. 

{{ancora+|85|[[Aeneis/Liber I#85|85.]]}} {{sc|'''evrvsqve notvsqve'''}}  cardinales quattuor uenti sunt, de quibus nunc tres ponit, paulo post unum quem omiserat reddit, ut “stridens aquilone procella”. {{sc|'''vna evrvsqve notvsqve et africvs'''}} bene modo hos tres uentos inferiores tantum nominavit, qui a sedibus imis mare commovent, Zephyrum et Aquilonem tacuit; Zephyrum, qui ad Italiam ducit, Aquilonem, qui desuper flat. ideo Homerus de eo “g-kai g-borees g-aithrehgenetes, g-mega g-kuma g-kulindohn”. {{sc|'''rvvnt'''}} autem modo eruunt. {{sc|'''procellis'''}} procella est uis uenti cum pluvia, dicta procella ab eo, quod omnia percellat, hoc est moveat. 

{{ancora+|87|[[Aeneis/Liber I#87|87.]]}} {{sc|'''inseqvitvr clamorqve virvm'''}}  quia praecesserat uentorum sonus, quem et ipsum clamorem possumus dicere. {{sc|'''stridorqve rvdentvm'''}} proprie; nam in funibus stridor est. ‘stridor’ autem est sibilus. Pacuvius in Teucro “armamentum stridor et rudentum sibilus”. 

{{ancora+|88|[[Aeneis/Liber I#88|88.]]}} {{sc|'''eripivnt s'''}} - N- Accius in Clytemestra “deum regnator nocte caeca caelum e conspectu abstulit” 

{{ancora+|89|[[Aeneis/Liber I#89|89.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrorvm ex ocvlis'''}}  numquam enim totum caelum nubibus tegitur, sed illa pars, contra quam flaverint uenti. quod autem dixit diem eripi, ad uidentum oculos rettulit, non ad naturam. TEUCRORUM E- O- bene ‘Teucrorum’, quibus tempestas inmissa erat. {{sc|'''nox incvbat'''}} nox dicta, quod oculis noceat. ‘incubat’ autem ideo dixit, quod alienum tempus inuasit. nam incubare proprie dicitur per uim rem alienam uelle tenere. aut certe ‘nox incubat’, ut nihil intervalli esset inter tenebras et mare. aut tempestates, ut in georgicis “ipse pater media nimborum in nocte corusca fulmina molitur dextra”. 

{{ancora+|90|[[Aeneis/Liber I#90|90.]]}} {{sc|'''poli'''}} axes, id est extremae partes caeli. duo enim sunt, notius et borius, a quibus totum caelum contonuisse significat. {{sc|'''aether'''}} aetherem hoc loco pro aere posuit. nubes enim, unde et fulmina, aeris sunt, non aetheris: et frequenter Vergilius duo ista confundit. 

{{ancora+|91|[[Aeneis/Liber I#91|91.]]}} {{sc|'''intentant'''}} minantur, ingerunt. {{sc|'''omnia'''}} autem ad superiora rettulit. 

{{ancora+|92|[[Aeneis/Liber I#92|92.]]}} {{sc|'''extemplo'''}} ilico statim. et est augurum sermo. templum enim dicitur locus manu designatus in aere, post quem factum ilico captantur auguria. {{sc|'''aeneae'''}} servavit g-to g-prepon, ut Aeneam ultimum territum dicat. {{sc|'''frigore'''}} timore. et est reciproca translatio; nam et timor pro frigore et frigus pro timore ponitur, ut in Terentio “uxorem tuam pavitare aiunt” non timere, sed laborare frigoribus; utrumque enim in unum exitum cadit, sicut et de calore et de frigore urere dicimus, ut est “aut Boreae penetrabile frigus adurat”. nam et Graeci g-phrikta dicunt quae sunt timenda, ut Homerus [“g-dohra g-men g-ouk g-et’ g-onosta”]. Livius in Odyssia “igitur demum Ulixi cor frixit prae pavore”. reprehenditur sane hoc loco Vergilius, quod improprie hos uersus Homeri transtulerit g-kai g-tot g-Odusseos g-luto g-gounata, g-kai g-philon g-ehtor, g-ochthehsas d’ g-ara g-eipe g-pros g-hon g-megalehtora g-thumon”. nam ‘soluuntur frigore membra’ longe aliud est, quam luto gounata: et ‘duplices tendens ad sidera palmas talia uoce refert’ molle, cum illud magis altum et heroicae personae g-pros g-hon g-megalehtora thumon. praeterea quis interdiu manus ad sidera tollit, aut quis ad caelum manum tendens non aliud precatur potius, quam dicit ‘o terque quaterque beati’? et ille intra se, ne exaudiant socii et timidiores despondeant animo, hic uero uociferatur. 

{{ancora+|93|[[Aeneis/Liber I#93|93.]]}} {{sc|'''ingemit'''}} non propter mortem ingemit, sequitur enim ‘o terque quaterque beati’, sed propter mortis genus. grave enim est secundum Homerum perire naufragio, quia anima ignea est et exstingui uidetur in mari, id est elemento contrario. {{sc|'''dvplices'''}} duas, secundum morem antiquum. nam duplices duos dicebant, ut hoc loco, et binos duos, et utrosque pro utrumque, ut Cicero “binos habebam, iubeo promi utrosque”. item Sallustius cum de duobus loqueretur “hi utrique ad urbem imperatores erant”. {{sc|'''palmas'''}} manus explicitas. 

{{ancora+|94|[[Aeneis/Liber I#94|94.]]}} {{sc|'''talia voce refert'''}}  profert. ‘re’ abundat. alibi ‘refert’ respondet, ut “Anna refert”. sic in consuetudine dicimus: ille mihi rettulit. {{sc|'''o terqve qvaterqve'''}} id est saepius; finitus numerus pro infinito. et sic erupit in uocem cum dolore Homerus g-tris g-makares g-Danaoi g-kai g-tetrakis, g-hoi g-tot’ g-olonto. et hoc principium quidam acephalon dicunt, cum intellegi debeat, multa eum intra se cogitasse, postremo in haec erupisse. 

{{ancora+|95|[[Aeneis/Liber I#95|95.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis'''}} et quis et quibus significat: secundum artem enim sic dicimus. ab eo enim quod est ‘a qui’ in ‘bus’ mittit, ab eo quod est ‘a quo’ in ‘is’ mittit, sed a tertia declinatione in usu sunt dativus et ablativus plurales, licet antiqui omnibus usi sint casibus. denique Cato in originibus ait “si ques sunt populi”. et declinavit ‘ques quium’, ut ‘puppes puppium’. {{sc|'''moenibvs altis'''}} propter Pergama, quae altissima fuerunt, ex quibus omnia alta aedificia pergama uocantur, sicut Aeschylus dicit. 

{{ancora+|96|[[Aeneis/Liber I#96|96.]]}} {{sc|'''oppetere'''}} ore terram petere, id est mori. possumus autem sic uti hoc sermone, ut et per se plenus sit et recipiat adiectionem. ergo dicimus et oppetit et mortem oppetit, sicut et exspirat et animam exspirat. {{sc|'''fortissime gentis'''}} atqui in artibus legimus superlativum gradum non nisi genetivo plurali iungi. constat quidem, sed ‘gens’ nomen est enuntiatione singulare, intellectu plurale. bene ergo iunxit, in gente enim plures sunt, ut alibi ipse “ditissimus agri Phoenicum”; non enim unus est ager Phoenicum. item Sallustius “Romani generis disertissimus”. aut superlativo pro comparativo usus uidetur, quasi fortissimis comparandus, non ut uulgo creditur praeferendus. sane quaeritur, cur Diomedem fortissimum dixerit, cum post Achillem et Aiacem ipse sit tertius, unde et Sallustius ait “primum Graecorum Achillem”. multi dicunt ideo fortissimum, quia iuxta Homerum et Venerem uulneravit et Martem. alii ad gentem referunt, quod Achilles Thessalus fuit, Aiax Graecus, Diomedes Danaus. multi ad excusationem Aeneae uolunt fortissimum dictum, a quo eum constat esse percussum, ut Iuvenalis “uel quo Tydides percussit pondere coxam Aeneae”. 

{{ancora+|97|[[Aeneis/Liber I#97|97.]]}} {{sc|'''tydide'''}} uocativus Graecus est; si enim latine diceret, o Tydida debuit ponere. omnia enim patronymica quae in ‘des’ exeunt apud Latinos primae sunt declinationis, ut “saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector”. Tydides Diomedes, Tydei et Deipyles, Adrasti filiae, filius, qui post captum Ilium ad Italiam venit, quod plenius in XI- libro habes. eo tempore statua cum in templo Apollinis Delphici staret, ui quadam divina ad Corcyram migravit et uisa est muros Corcyraeorum defendere: nam eius comminatione hostibus fugatis Corcyra bello exempta est. 

{{ancora+|98|[[Aeneis/Liber I#98|98.]]}} {{sc|'''non potvisse'''}}  quasi semper uoluerit. {{sc|'''animam hanc'''}} quasi cum dolore ‘animam hanc’, ac si diceret infelicem, quae ad laborem nata est. {{sc|'''effvndere'''}} secundum eos qui dicunt sanguinem esse animam, ut ipse alibi “purpuream uomit ille animam”. nam alio loco aliorum opinionem sequitur, qui dicunt spiritum esse animam, unde est “atque in uentos uita recessit”. 

{{ancora+|99|[[Aeneis/Liber I#99|99.]]}} {{sc|'''saevvs'''}} magnus, ut superius diximus. uel fortis, uel bellicosus, ut est “et saevum Aenean agnovit Turnus in armis”. uel aduersus hostes ‘saevus’, et est epitheton ad tempus; nam incongruum erat ab Aenea saevum Hectorem dici. aut ‘saevus’, quod aduersum Antenorem et Aeneam et Helenum sentiens Helenam non permiserit reddi. ⟨aut⟩ ideo ‘saevus’ Hector, quia Aeneas pius. quod autem ait ‘Aeacidae telo’ uult ostendere feliciorem Hectorem, cui contigerit ab Achille perire, quod ipse optaverit ei congressus, sicut in V. Neptunus Veneri loquitur. et bene elegit, cum quibus perisse debuerit; ipse enim et fortis est, et numinum proles: recte ergo his iungitur, in quibus talia fuerunt. 

{{ancora+|100|[[Aeneis/Liber I#100|100.]]}} {{sc|'''sarpedon'''}} et in ultima possumus accentum ponere et in paenultima: nam Homerus et ‘Sarpedonis’ declinavit et ‘Sarpedontis’, unde et uarius accentus est: ‘Sarpedonis’ enim antepaenultima habet accentum, ‘Sarpedontis’ paenultima. sed ‘Sarpedontis’ usurpavit; naturalis enim declinatio est ‘Sarpedon Sarpedonis’, ut ‘Memnon Memnonis, Sinon Sinonis’. si autem genetivum in ‘dontis’ miserit, a circumflexo venit, qui est in ultima syllaba nominativi, ut Demophon Demophontis, Laocon Laocontis. sic ergo et Sarpedon, Sarpedontis. est autem Sarpedon Iovis filius et Laodamiae, ut alio loco “quin occidit una Sarpedon mea progenies” occisus a Patroclo, Menoeti filio, armis Achillis induto. huius interitum Iuppiter prosecutus dicitur imbre sanguineo. {{sc|'''simois'''}} nomen hoc integrum ad nos transiit, unde suo est accentu proferendum. nam si esset latinum, in antepaenultima haberet accentum, quia secunda a fine brevis est. sane bene fecisse uidetur Simoentis mentionem, ut ibi uideatur pati se optavisse, ubi genitus est, ut alibi “tune ille Aeneas, quem Dardanio Anchisae alma Venus Phrygii genuit Simoentis ad undam?” {{sc|'''svb vndis'''}} et ‘sub undis’ legimus, et ‘sub undas’. sed si ‘sub undas’, ‘correpta’ intellege, si ‘sub undis’, ‘uoluit’; uaria ergo distinctio est. {{sc|'''correpta'''}} rapta. 

{{ancora+|101|[[Aeneis/Liber I#101|101.]]}} {{sc|'''fortia corpora'''}}  hoc est uirorum fortium corpora; nulla enim est in mortuis fortitudo. 

{{ancora+|102|[[Aeneis/Liber I#102|102.]]}} {{sc|'''talia iactanti'''}}  inaniter loquenti, ut alibi “atque inrita iurgia iactat et uoces dum iactat inanes”. {{sc|'''aqvilone'''}} ab Aquilone. ecce hic reddit uentum quem transierat, et a generali tempestate ad speciem transit. 

{{ancora+|103|[[Aeneis/Liber I#103|103.]]}} {{sc|'''adversa'''}} contraria, quia ad Italiam navigantibus Aquilo contrarius est. 

{{ancora+|104|[[Aeneis/Liber I#104|104.]]}} {{sc|'''frangvntvr remi'''}}  uel gubernacula, uel quod melius est re uera remi. antiqui enim uelis remisque navigabant, ut “ualidis incumbere remis, obliquat sinus in uentos”. et hoc de navi Aeneae, an de omnibus dixit? {{sc|'''tvm proram avertit'''}} alii ‘prora’ legi tradunt. {{sc|'''avertit'''}} pro ‘avertitur’. et est figura creberrima. potest namque pro activi uerbi significatione passivum poni, ut est “et pictis bellantur Amazones armis” pro bellant. nec nos debet movere quod bellor non facit, natura enim hoc prohibuit. nam conpone hoc uerbum, et invenitur activum, facit enim debello debellor. et contra pro passivi uerbi significatione activum ponitur, ut est hoc ‘avertit’ pro avertitur, et “insinuat pavor” pro insinuatur, et “nox umida caelo praecipitat” pro praecipitatur. sed haec uerba tantummodo pro se inuicem ponuntur, quae et activa esse possunt et passiva, ut est averto avertor, praecipito praecipitor. ergo non possumus dicere quod quidam artigraphus, declinationes activi uerbi et passivi pro se inuicem poni. nam et neutralis uerbi declinatio activa est et communis deponentisue passiva, et aliud est esse activum uerbum, aliud habere activi uerbi declinationem. 

{{ancora+|105|[[Aeneis/Liber I#105|105.]]}} {{sc|'''dat latvs'''}}  inclinatur. {{sc|'''cvmvlo'''}} altitudine. {{sc|'''cvmvlo'''}} exuberante fluctu, cum cumulo. {{sc|'''praervptvs'''}} in altum levatus. 

{{ancora+|106|[[Aeneis/Liber I#106|106.]]}} {{sc|'''hi'''}} pro illi uel alii, et bene dicticos. {{sc|'''his'''}} pro illis uel aliis. {{sc|'''dehiscens'''}} ualde hiscens. ‘de’ enim augentis est, ut in Terentio “deamo te Syre”. 

{{ancora+|107|[[Aeneis/Liber I#107|107.]]}} {{sc|'''aperit'''}} ostendit, ut Sallustius “caput aperire solitus”, id est nudare, ostendere. sic alibi “uisa aperire procul montes”. sane aliter hic ‘aperit’, aliter ‘ostium aperit’. {{sc|'''harenis'''}} et ab harenis et cum harenis, id est uel ab imo movebatur mare uel cum ipsis harenis, ut in tempestate solet. 

{{ancora+|108|[[Aeneis/Liber I#108|108.]]}} {{sc|'''tris'''}} Latinum est. genetivus enim pluralis quotiens in ‘ium’ exit, accusativum pluralem in ‘is’ mittit, ut ‘puppium puppis’; quotiens in ‘um’ exit, in ‘es’ mittit, ut ‘patrum patres’. {{sc|'''saxa latentia'''}} modo propter tempestatem, non ut quidam tradunt tranquillo mari; nam quemadmodum latent quae nomen habent? haec autem saxa inter Africam, Siciliam et Sardiniam et Italiam sunt, quae saxa ob hoc Itali aras uocant, quod ibi Afri et Romani foedus inierunt et fines imperii sui illic esse uoluerunt. unde et Dido “litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas inprecor”. quae arae a Sisenna “propitiae” uocantur. alii dicunt Graecos haec saxa g-bomous appellare. quidam insulam fuisse hunc locum tradunt, quae subito pessum ierit, cuius reliquias saxa haec exstare, in quibus aiunt Poenorum sacerdotes rem divinam facere solitos. has aras alii Neptunias uocant, sicut Claudius Quadrigarius I- annalium “apud aras, quae uocabantur Neptuniae”. Varro de ora maritima lib- I “ut faciunt hi, qui ab Sardinia Siciliam aut contra petunt. nam si utramque ex conspectu amiserunt, sciunt periculose se navigare ac uerentur in pelago latentem insulam, quem locum uocant aras”. {{sc|'''torqvet'''}} iacit, inmittit, ut “torquet aquosam hiemem”. alibi ‘torquet’ deflectit, ut “torquet medios nox umida currus”. alibi regit et frenat, ut “cuncta tuo qui bella pater sub numine torques”. alibi sustinet et fert “axem umero torquet stellis fulgentibus aptum”. 

{{ancora+|109|[[Aeneis/Liber I#109|109.]]}} {{sc|'''saxa vocant itali mediis qvae in flvctibvs aras'''}}  ordo est, quae saxa in mediis fluctibus Itali aras uocant. pro quibus hunc ordinem esse ait ‘tris Notus abreptas mediis fluctibus in saxa latentia torquet’. alii ‘mediis ⟨quae⟩ fluctibus aras’ legunt, ut sit ordo ‘saxa uocant Itali aras, quae mediis fluctibus’, ut desit ‘sunt’. Italos autem aliqui non qui in Italia nati sint, sed qui Latine loquantur accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|110|[[Aeneis/Liber I#110|110.]]}} {{sc|'''dorsvm inmane'''}}  eminens, altum, secundum Homerum. uel certe eminens planities aut superficies durior. aut sic ait hic poeta ‘dorsum’ de saxo, ut Homerus “g-nohta g-thalassehs”, sicut alibi ipse “dorso dum pendet iniquo”. quidam ‘inmane’ pro malo accipiunt positum propter naufragia, quae ibi solent fieri; nam ‘manum’ bonum dicunt, ergo quod bono contrarium inmane; non enim potest pro magno accipi, ⟨ut⟩ alibi “posuitque inmania templa”, quia non facile apparent haec saxa, nisi cum mare uentis movetur. ‘dorsum’ autem hoc loco non absurde ait, quia Graece arae ipsae g-hippou g-nohta dicuntur, ut Sinnius Capito tradidit, secundum Homerum. {{sc|'''mari svmmo'''}} uel in summo, uel in placido. 

{{ancora+|111|[[Aeneis/Liber I#111|111.]]}} {{sc|'''in brevia et syrtes'''}}  id est in brevia syrtium, quo modo “molemque et montes”. ‘brevia’ autem uadosa dicit, per quae possumus uadere. {{sc|'''et syrtes'''}} syrtium “sinus duo sunt pares natura, inpares magnitudine”, ut Sallustius dicit. 

{{ancora+|112|[[Aeneis/Liber I#112|112.]]}} {{sc|'''vadis'''}} uada g-ta g-brachea. Varro de ora maritima libro I “si ab aqua summa non alte est terra dicitur uadus”. et multi sic legunt ‘inliditque uadis atque aggere cingit harenae’. 

{{ancora+|113|[[Aeneis/Liber I#113|113.]]}} {{sc|'''lycios'''}} hi Troiae ad auxilium venerant, qui mortuo rege Pandaro Aeneam secuti sunt, unde et in secundo ait “comitum adfluxisse novorum”. {{sc|'''fidvm'''}} fidelem. utrumque nomen idem significat. quamuis quidam uelint fidum amicum, fidelem seruum dici. et sic pronuntiandum, ut dolorem adferat talis socii amissio. 

{{ancora+|114|[[Aeneis/Liber I#114|114.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsivs ante ocvlos'''}}  ad maiorem dolorem: unde alibi “quaeque ipse miserrima uidi”, item “qui nati coram me cernere letum fecisti”. {{sc|'''ingens pontvs'''}} magna pars ponti. et est tropus synecdoche. {{sc|'''a vertice'''}} aut a puppi, quae uertex navis est, aut ab Aquilone, qui flat a mundi uertice, hoc est a septentrione, ut ipse alibi “hic uertex nobis semper sublimis”. quidam ‘uerticem’ hic procellam accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|115|[[Aeneis/Liber I#115|115.]]}} {{sc|'''in pvppim'''}}  pro puppim: addidit praepositionem. {{sc|'''pronvs'''}} g-prehnehs. non nulli sane ‘pronum’ aduerbialiter legunt. {{sc|'''magister'''}} leucaspis, ut in sexto libro “Leucaspim et Lyciae ductorem classis Orontem”. 

{{ancora+|116|[[Aeneis/Liber I#116|116.]]}} {{sc|'''ter'''}} saepius, finitus numerus pro infinito. crebros enim fluctus facit Aquilo, ut Sallustius “crebritate fluctuum ut Aquilone solet”. uel certe quod Graeci g-trikumian appellant, ut Sallustius “triplici fluctu”. IBIDEM ‘ibidem’ et ‘ubinam’ multi dubitant ubi esse debeat accentus, quia ‘ibi’ et ‘ubi’ naturaliter breves sunt, sed ratione finalitatis plerumque producuntur in uersu, nescientes hanc esse rationem, quia pronuntiationis causa contra usum Latinum syllabis ultimis, quibus particulae adiunguntur, accentus tribuitur, ut ‘musaque’ ‘illene’ ‘huiusce’. sic ergo et ‘ibidem’. 

{{ancora+|117|[[Aeneis/Liber I#117|117.]]}} {{sc|'''torqvet agens circvm'''}}  in gyrum circumagit. {{sc|'''vertex'''}} uertex dicitur circumacta in se unda et quae quasi sorbere uideatur: quod de Charybdi legitur “atque imo barathri ter gurgite uastos sorbet in abruptum fluctus”, de qua ait Sallustius “Charybdis, mare uerticosum”. 

{{ancora+|118|[[Aeneis/Liber I#118|118.]]}} {{sc|'''apparent'''}} aliud est ‘parere’ et aliud ‘apparere’. ‘parere’ enim est oboedire, ut “paret amor dictis”, ‘apparere’ autem, uideri, ut “apparet liquido sublimis in aere Nisus”. et haec observatio diligenter custodiri debet, licet eam auctores metri causa plerumque corrumpant. {{sc|'''rari'''}} uel propter maris magnitudinem, uel quia una perierat navis. uel ‘rari’ de multis, ut ostendat statim alios plures periisse. et quomodo ‘apparent’, si ‘ponto nox incubat atra’? aut quia ‘crebris micat ignibus aether’, aut quia ante ipsius oculos hoc evenit. {{sc|'''nantes'''}} prima uerbi positio est ‘no nas nat’, unde est “nare per aestatem liquidam”. prima syllaba naturaliter longa est, licet ‘natare’ ‘na’ brevis sit in eadem significatione. {{sc|'''in gvrgite vasto'''}} tapinosis est, id est rei magnae humilis expositio. prudenter tamen Vergilius humilitatem sermonis epitheto sublevat, ut hoc loco ‘uasto’ addidit. item cum de equo loqueretur ait “cavernas ingentes”. 

{{ancora+|119|[[Aeneis/Liber I#119|119.]]}} {{sc|'''arma virvm'''}}  bene addidit ‘uirum’, id est uirorum. arma enim dicuntur cunctarum artium instrumenta, ut “Cerealiaque arma”, item “colligere arma iubet” et alio loco “dicendum et quae sint duris agrestibus arma”. {{sc|'''troia'''}} differentia in hoc sermone est et in sensu et in syllabis. nam cum provinciam dicimus, nam Troia provincia, Ilium ipsa civitas, et principale est nomen, brevis est ‘Tro’. quando autem non est principale et derivatio est, longa est ‘Tro.’, ut “Troius Aeneas”. {{sc|'''gaza'''}} persicus sermo est et significat divitias, unde Gaza urbs in Palaestina dicitur, quod in ea Cambyses rex Persarum cum Aegyptiis bellum inferret divitias suas condidit. est autem generis feminini, ut “et gaza laetus agresti”. quo exemplo apparet quoque superfluo quaeri a multis, quemadmodum potuerit aurum natare, nescientibus gazas, id est opes, dici omne quod possidemus. aut certe hyperbole tempestatis, ut etiam ponderosa ferri potuerint. PER UNDAS ‘per’ quidam nolunt - - . 

{{ancora+|120|[[Aeneis/Liber I#120|120.]]}} {{sc|'''iam validam'''}}  zeugma est ab inferioribus ‘uicit hiems’. quod fit et a superioribus et a medio, plerumque et ad utrumque respondet, ut “Troiugena, interpres divum, qui numina Phoebi, qui tripodas, Clarii laurus, qui sidera sentis et uolucrum linguas et praepetis omina pinnae”. ecce hoc loco ‘sentis’ et ante dicta et sequentia concludit. {{sc|'''ilionei'''}} antiptosis est, pro genetivo enim dativum posuit; nam constat huiusmodi Graeca nomina dativum singularem in ei diphthongum mittere, ut Orphei; nam illa solutio est cum Orphei separatim dicimus: nec modo ‘Ilionei’ possumus dicere adstrictum esse genetivum, ut ipse sit qui et dativus. quod si forte contingat, non regula mutatur, sed antiptosis fit, qua plerumque utuntur poetae, ut “urbem quam statuo uestra est” pro urbs, item “haeret pede pes” pro pedi. 

{{ancora+|121|[[Aeneis/Liber I#121|121.]]}} {{sc|'''vectvs'''}} qua uehebatur significat. et pro praesenti participio, quod non habemus, praeteritum posuit. in Latino enim sermone a passivo uerbo praesens participium non est, neque ab activo praeteritum. sed quod uno sermone explicare non possumus aut circumlocutione ostendimus, aut si hoc nolumus, participium pro participio ponimus, sed usurpative, ut hoc loco factum est. {{sc|'''abas'''}} abantes aliquot tradunt: hic unus, Aeneae comes; alter quem in Troia Diomedes occidit; tertius est Argivus, cuius clipeum tertio libro Apollini consecrasse dicit Aeneam. 

{{ancora+|122|[[Aeneis/Liber I#122|122.]]}} {{sc|'''vicit hiems'''}}  ‘hiems’ duas res significat: aut tempus aut uim uenti, per quam oritur tempestas. ergo pro loco intellegendum est. Accius “unde estis nautae huc hieme delati”. sic et Varro. {{sc|'''laxis'''}} pro laxatis, nomen pro participio. 

{{ancora+|123|[[Aeneis/Liber I#123|123.]]}} {{sc|'''imbrem'''}} imber dicitur umor omnis, ut Lucretius ex “igni terra atque anima nascuntur et imbri”, id est umore. {{sc|'''imbrem'''}} ueteres enim omnem aquam imbrem dicebant. Ennius imbrem pro aqua marina “ratibusque fremebat imber Neptuni”. {{sc|'''fatiscvnt'''}} abundanter aperiuntur; ‘fatim’ enim abundanter dicimus, unde et adfatim, hiscere autem aperiri, uerbum frequentativum ab hiare. 

{{ancora+|125|[[Aeneis/Liber I#125|125.]]}} {{sc|'''emissam hiemem'''}}  hic apertius tempestatem declarat significari ex Graeco; nam et illi g-cheimona tempestatem dicunt. et bene ueteres nostri ‘hiemem anni’ dicebant, ne tempestas posset intellegi. {{sc|'''imis'''}} bene in imo uoluit esse Neptunum, ut iam factam cognosceret tempestatem, non incipientem uetaret. 

{{ancora+|126|[[Aeneis/Liber I#126|126.]]}} {{sc|'''stagna'''}} stagnum dicitur aqua stans, sed nunc profunda maris significat ab eo, quod non nisi nimia tempestate turbantur. ergo ‘stagna’ et ‘imis uadis refusa’ aliud pendet ex alio, quia inmobilis aqua in imo maris tantummodo est, quam tunc ab imo motu dicit esse turbatam. {{sc|'''graviter commotvs'''}} opportune Neptunum ait commotum cum maria turbantur, quia plerumque poetae Neptunum pro mari ponunt. {{sc|'''et alto prospiciens'''}} aut e mari erigens caput, aut mari providens. quidam ‘alto’ caelo accipiunt, quia ait ‘iam caelum terramque’. 

{{ancora+|127|[[Aeneis/Liber I#127|127.]]}} {{sc|'''placidvm capvt'''}}  quaerunt multi quemadmodum ‘placidum caput’, si ‘graviter commotus’? quasi non possit fieri, ut irascatur uentis, propitius sit Troianis. uno autem epitheto more suo habitum futurae orationis ostendit, ut alibi uno sermone ‘tum quassans caput’. {{sc|'''placidvmqve capvt'''}} epitheta alia naturalia sunt, alia ad tempus. et ‘placidum’ ut naturale Neptuni est, ita ‘graviter commotus’ ad tempus ob factam tempestatem. 

{{ancora+|128|[[Aeneis/Liber I#128|128.]]}} {{sc|'''disiectam aeneae t'''}} - V- A- C- hic ostendit Aeolum omnia Iunonis praecepta complesse. nam ‘submersasque obrue puppes’ in Orontis sociorumque eius interitu; ‘aut age diversas et dissice corpora ponto’ ‘disiectam Aeneae toto uidet aequore classem’. 

{{ancora+|129|[[Aeneis/Liber I#129|129.]]}} {{sc|'''caeliqve rvina'''}}  id est tonitribus, quorum sonus similis est ruinis. 

{{ancora+|130|[[Aeneis/Liber I#130|130.]]}} {{sc|'''nec latvere doli fratrem ivnonis et irae'''}}  aut doli Iunonis, aut fratrem Iunonis. gemina ergo distinctio est. {{sc|'''fratrem ivnonis'''}} quod et ipsa Saturni est filia. 

{{ancora+|131|[[Aeneis/Liber I#131|131.]]}} {{sc|'''evrvm ad se zephyrvmqve vocat'''}}  per hos omnes intellege; isti enim sunt cardinales. ‘ad se’ autem g-ehthikohs. cur tamen Zephyrus, qui ad Italiam ducit, quem poeta supra tacuit, nunc uocatur? ira in hoc Neptuni exprimitur, si etiam eum obiurgat, qui non adfuerit. 

{{ancora+|132|[[Aeneis/Liber I#132|132.]]}} {{sc|'''generis fidvcia vestri'''}}  Astraeus enim unus de Titanibus, qui contra deos arma sumpserunt, cum Aurora concubuit, unde nati sunt uenti secundum Hesiodum. et hoc loco fiduciam pro confidentia posuit, cum fiducia in bonis rebus sit, confidentia in malis. 

{{ancora+|133|[[Aeneis/Liber I#133|133.]]}} {{sc|'''iam caelvm terrasqve'''}}  aut ordo est ‘ausi estis sine meo numine tantas moles tollere et caelum terrasque turbare’? aut certe illud est, quod tria haec numina, licet divisa imperia teneant, uidentur tamen inuicem regni totius habere potestatem, sicut et ipsa elementa quae retinent physica inter se quadam ratione iunguntur. quod et ipsorum numinum sceptra significant. Iuppiter enim trifido utitur fulmine, Neptunus tridente, Pluto tricerbero. multi enim quaerunt, cur modo Neptunus de alienis conqueratur elementis. aut certe ‘terram’ pro mari posuit, ab eo quod continet id quod continetur, quia ipse dicitur g-Enosichthohn et g-Enosigaios, id est movens terram. et caelum pro aere; constat enim terram cum aqua in aere libratam. {{sc|'''meo sine nvmine'''}} hoc est ‘et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas’. {{sc|'''nvmine venti'''}} distingue ‘numine’, ut ‘uenti’ conuicium sit. 

{{ancora+|135|[[Aeneis/Liber I#135|135.]]}} {{sc|'''qvos ego'''}}  deficit hoc loco sermo; et congrue, quasi irati et turbatae mentis, ut alibi “me me, adsum”. similiter “incipit effari, mediaque in uoce resistit”. Terentius “quem quidem ego si sensero, sed quid opus est uerbis?” his enim adfectibus tantum sermonis defectio congruit. {{sc|'''qvos ego'''}} subauditur ‘ulciscar’. ergo g-aposiohpehsis est, hoc est, ut ad alium sensum transeat, ideo abruptum et pendentem reliquit. et necessarium post tale schema ‘sed’ coniunctionem sequi, ut “quamquam o, sed”. {{sc|'''sed motos praestat'''}} prudenter agit; plus est enim innocentibus succurrere, quam nocentium delicta punire. {{sc|'''praestat'''}} melius est, ut “praestat Trinacrii metas lustrare Pachyni”. et notandus sermo. nam et per se plenus est, et tam accusativo iungitur quam septimo. dicimus enim et ‘praestat illum’ et ‘praestat illo’. 

{{ancora+|136|[[Aeneis/Liber I#136|136.]]}} {{sc|'''post mihi non simili poena commissa lvetis'''}}  aut ‘non simili poena’, id est non ea qua Troianos adfecistis, aut certe ‘mihi non simili’, id est uehementer irato. POST MIHI N- S- P- C- L- pro ‘non inpune eritis posthac’; nunc enim nullam poenam sentiunt, nisi forte obiurgationis. ‘commissa’ autem hic pro peccatis. {{sc|'''lvetis'''}} persoluetis. et hic sermo a pecunia descendit; antiquorum enim omnes poenae pecuniariae fuerunt. 

{{ancora+|137|[[Aeneis/Liber I#137|137.]]}} {{sc|'''matvrate fvgam'''}}  cum maturitate, id est cum tranquillitate discedite, quo modo dicimus ‘matura iracundiam tuam’, id est mitiga; perniciosum enim Troianis est, si maturent fugam, hoc est accelerent. ergo ‘fugam’ hic tantum discessum accipiendum. 

{{ancora+|138|[[Aeneis/Liber I#138|138.]]}} {{sc|'''saevvmqve'''}} uel magnum et potentem, ut superius, uel uere saevum in uentos, quia minatur. {{sc|'''tridentem'''}} ideo tridens Neptuno adsignatur, quia mare a quibusdam dicitur tertia pars mundi, uel quia tria genera aquarum sunt, maris, fluminum, fluviorum, quibus omnibus Neptunum praeesse non nulli dicunt. 

{{ancora+|139|[[Aeneis/Liber I#139|139.]]}} {{sc|'''sorte'''}} ac si diceret potuisse se etiam caelum tenere, Aeolum uero beneficio etiam carceris regna meruisse, nec sine suo arbitrio posse quemquam in suo regno habere potestatem. SED MIHI SORTE DATUM ‘sorte’ ideo ait, quia Iuppiter et Neptunus et Dis pater, Saturni et Opis filii, cum de mundi possessione certamen inissent, placuit ut imperium sorte dividerent: ita effectum est, ut caelum Iuppiter, maria Neptunus, Dis pater inferos sortirentur. {{sc|'''inmania'''}} aspera; ‘manum’ enim antiqui bonum dicebant, sicut supra dictum est, unde et ‘mane’ dicitur; quid enim melius? et per antiphrasin ‘manes’ inferi, quia non sint boni. 

{{ancora+|140|[[Aeneis/Liber I#140|140.]]}} {{sc|'''vestras evre domos'''}}  irascentum est uti proprio nomine, ut Terentius “ego te in pistrinum Dave dedam”. aut quasi contra principem tempestatis irascitur, quem primum constat egressum, quia supra ‘una Eurusque Notusque ruunt’. quod autem dixit ‘saxa inmania, uestras domos’ de Pseudulo Plauti tractum est, ubi ait “nisi forte carcerem aliquando effregistis uestram domum”. et figurate ‘saxa, domos’; uario enim significatu idem ostenditur. {{sc|'''iactet'''}} pro glorietur, sicut in georgicis “nullo tantum se Moesia cultu iactet”. et hoc ex accidenti sumptum, quoniam quicumque sunt in aliqua re gloriosissima motu quodam et incessu corpus suum iactant. {{sc|'''avla'''}} inrisio est; sequitur enim ‘carcere’. et nihil tam contrarium si simpliciter intellegamus. 

{{ancora+|141|[[Aeneis/Liber I#141|141.]]}} {{sc|'''clavso'''}} quia dimittere uentos non ipsius est, sed iubentis. et hoc est “foedere certo et dare iussus habenas”. {{sc|'''ventorvm'''}} non otiose, sed per exprobrationem, poterat enim dicere ‘uestro’, sed ut supra “meo sine numine uenti”. {{sc|'''carcere regnet'''}} licet carcer sit, tamen regnum est Aeoli; haec enim pro adfectu possidentis intellegenda sunt, ut alibi cum de rure loqueretur “post aliquot mea regna uidens mirabor aristas”. et bene regnum Aeoli custodiam carceris dixit. 

{{ancora+|142|[[Aeneis/Liber I#142|142.]]}} {{sc|'''dicto citivs'''}}  non antequam diceret, dixit enim ‘haec ait’; sed citius, quam dici potest. {{sc|'''placat'''}} sub poetica licentia physicam quoque tangit rationem. mare enim dicitur esse Neptunus, quem superius dixit graviter commotum, quia tempestas erat. nunc ait ‘placat’, quia iam sedari coeperant maria. 

{{ancora+|143|[[Aeneis/Liber I#143|143.]]}} {{sc|'''collectas'''}} aut nunc collegit et fugavit, aut ante a uentis collectas fugavit, id est resoluit. {{sc|'''collectas'''}} colligere enim nubes dicitur caelum, ut “aut si nox pluviam ne colligat ante ueremur”. {{sc|'''solemqve redvcit'''}} per solem serenitas intellegenda, quia superius dixerat “eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque”. quis enim ignorat diem constare per solem? et consequens erat, ut fugatis nubibus sol rediret. 

{{ancora+|144|[[Aeneis/Liber I#144|144.]]}} {{sc|'''cymothoe'''}} nomina deorum plerumque de causis sunt ficta ab elementis, quae numina dici uoluere maiores, ut ‘Cymothoe’, id est cursus fluctuum, g-apo g-tou g-theein g-to g-kuma. {{sc|'''triton'''}} deus marinus, Neptuni et Salaciae filius, deae marinae ab aqua salsa dictae. {{sc|'''adnixvs'''}} antiquum est, ut ‘conixus’, quibus hodie non utimur; dicimus enim ‘adnisus’ et ‘conisus’. sed et multa alia usus contra antiquitatem uindicavit. illi enim ‘parsi’ dicebant, nos dicimus ‘peperci’. item nos dicimus ‘suscepi’, illi dicebant ‘succepi’, ut “succepitque ignem foliis”. {{sc|'''adnixvs'''}} zeugma est, ‘adnixi’ enim debuit dicere, ut paulo post “haud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum, aut portum tenet”. ergo ‘adnixus’ ad Tritonem tantum pertinet, quia Cymothoen iuvabat. quibusdam sane non uidetur zeugma, quia ‘adnixus’, non ‘conixus’. ordo tamen est ‘Cymothoe simul et Triton acuto detrudunt naves scopulo’, ab aris scilicet in quas “tris Notus in s- l- t”. 

{{ancora+|145|[[Aeneis/Liber I#145|145.]]}} {{sc|'''levat'''}} leves ac navigabiles facit, ut “nostrumque leves quaecumque laborem”. et scire debemus prudenter poetam pro causis uel tendere uel corripere orationem, ut hoc loco periclitantibus Troianis tota celeritate dicit esse subuentum. contra in quinto libro ubi nullum periculum est latius describit placantem maria Neptunum. item in secundo libro quoniam inminet periculum uno uersu ait “quo res summa loco Panthu? quam prendimus arcem?” {{sc|'''levat'''}} laxat, ut “atque arta levari uincla iubet Priamus”. {{sc|'''tridenti'''}} autem pro tridente, dativum pro ablativo. 

{{ancora+|146|[[Aeneis/Liber I#146|146.]]}} {{sc|'''aperit'''}} ideo quia harenarum congerie inpediente praeclusae ad navigandum erant. ergo inmisso in eas mari aptas ad navigandum facit. sic Sallustius “sed ubi tempore anni mare classibus patefactum est”. ceterum bis idem. {{sc|'''temperat'''}} tranquillum facit. 

{{ancora+|147|[[Aeneis/Liber I#147|147.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve rotis svmmas l'''}} - P- V- bene non moratur in descriptione currus, ut citius liberetur Aeneas. - -. {{sc|'''perlabitvr vndas'''}} figura est. quod enim nos modo dicimus per praepositionem nomini copulatam sequente uerbo, antiqui uerso ordine praepositionem detractam nomini iungebant uerbo, ita tamen ut esset una pars orationis, et faciebant honestam elocutionem. nos dicimus ‘per undas labitur’, illi dicebant ‘perlabitur undas’. item ‘per forum curro’ et ‘percurro forum’. notandum plane quod plerumque suum regit casum, plerumque ad ablativum transit. 

{{ancora+|148|[[Aeneis/Liber I#148|148.]]}} {{sc|'''ac velvti magno in popvlo'''}}  iste tempestati populi motum comparat, Tullius populo tempestatem: pro Milone “equidem ceteras tempestates et procellas in illis dumtaxat fluctibus contionum”. ita et Homerus seditioni tempestatem g-kinehtheh g-d’ g-agoreh g-hohs g-kumata g-makra g-thalassehs. ideo autem ‘magno’ addidit, quia ubi frequens est populus, ibi et crebra seditio. et quidam ‘populum’ totam civitatem, ‘uulgum’ uero plebem significari putant. {{sc|'''saepe'''}} autem ut fieri solet. 

{{ancora+|149|[[Aeneis/Liber I#149|149.]]}} {{sc|'''seditio'''}} ‘seditio’ est ⟨dissensio civium⟩, sicut Cicero ait in de re publica “eaque dissensio civium, quod seorsum eunt alii ad alios, seditio dicitur”. {{sc|'''animis ignobile'''}} id est stultum, ut contra nobilem animum prudentium dicimus. ideo etiam paulo post ait ‘arrectis auribus’; sumpsit enim translationem ab animalibus, quae utique stultiora sunt. {{sc|'''vvlgvs'''}} et masculini generis et neutri lectum est: generis neutri hoc loco, alibi masculini, ut in “uulgum ambiguas”. et hoc est artis ut masculino utamur, quia omnia Latina nomina in us exeuntia, si neutra fuerint, tertiae sunt declinationis, ut pecus pecoris: si autem secundae fuerint declinationis, masculina sunt; ‘uulgi’ autem facit, non ‘uulgeris’, ut docti, clari. usurpatum tamen est neutrum genus propter unum Graecum nomen, id est pelagus. cum enim pelagi faciat, neutri tamen est generis. 

{{ancora+|150|[[Aeneis/Liber I#150|150.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve faces et saxa volant'''}}  multi non ‘uolant’, sed ‘uolunt’ invenisse se dicunt. sed Cornutus “uerendum”, ait, “ne praeposterum sit faces uelle, et sic saxa, cum alibi maturius et ex ordine dictum sit ‘arma uelit poscatque simul rapiatque inuentus”’. {{sc|'''fvror arma ministrat'''}} sic alibi “rimanti telum ira facit”. sane summa uelocitate sensus explicitus. 

{{ancora+|151|[[Aeneis/Liber I#151|151.]]}} {{sc|'''gravem'''}} venerabilem, unde et contemptibiles ‘leves’ dicimus. et bene servat circa hunc rhetoricam definitionem, cui dat et iustitiam et peritiam dicendi, ut ‘tum pietate gravem’ et ‘ille regit dictis animos’. orator enim est uir bonus, dicendi peritus. {{sc|'''pietate gravem'''}} cuius illis auctoritas ob pietatem est gravis. 

{{ancora+|152|[[Aeneis/Liber I#152|152.]]}} {{sc|'''arrectis avribvs'''}}  translatio a mutis animalibus, quibus aures mobiles sunt. an aures pro audiendi sensu posuit, secutus Terentium qui ait “arrige aures Pamphile”? 

{{ancora+|155|[[Aeneis/Liber I#155|155.]]}} {{sc|'''genitor'''}} venerabilis, ut “Thybri pater”. ergo hoc nomen et ad uerum patrem pertinet et ad honorem refertur. sane ueteres omnes deos patres dicebant. {{sc|'''caeloqve invectvs aperto'''}} non per caelum uectus, sed caelo iam sereno uectus per maria. 

{{ancora+|156|[[Aeneis/Liber I#156|156.]]}} {{sc|'''flectit'''}} quidam ‘flectit’ pro regit accipiunt, ut interdum ‘torquet’ in eodem significatu ponit “qui numine torques”. {{sc|'''cvrrv'''}} non, ut quidam putant, pro ‘currui’ posuit, nec est apocope, sed ratio artis antiquae, quia omnis nominativus pluralis regit genetivum singularem et isosyllabus esse debet, ut hae musae huius musae, hi docti huius docti. item a genetivo singulari dativus regitur singularis, ut isosyllabus sit, ut huius docti huic docto. inde ergo est “curruque abscisa duorum suspendit capita” et “libra die”, ne, si ‘diei’ fecisset, maior esset nominativo plurali. {{sc|'''secvndo'''}} troianis obsequenti. et tractus est sermo a sequentibus seruis, id est pedisequis secundis: unde et secundam fortunam dicimus, quod secundum nos est, id est prope nos. 

{{ancora+|157|[[Aeneis/Liber I#157|157.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneadae'''}} nunc Troiani, aliquando Romani, ut “Aeneadae in ferrum pro libertate ruebant”. {{sc|'''proxima litora'''}} ideo quia post periculum non eligitur litus, sed quodcumque occurrit occupatur. {{sc|'''cvrsv'''}} aut secundum quod superius diximus ‘proxima cursu’, id est cursui, aut ‘contendunt cursu petere’, et est septimus casus. ut hic ‘cursu’ de navibus, ita alibi iter, ut “unde iter Italiam” et in quinto “certus iter”. stationes etiam navium dicebant, quod est animalibus terrestribus proprium. 

{{ancora+|158|[[Aeneis/Liber I#158|158.]]}} {{sc|'''vertvntvr'''}} scilicet a proposito itinere, hoc est ab Italia. 

{{ancora+|159|[[Aeneis/Liber I#159|159.]]}} {{sc|'''est in secessv'''}}  topothesia est, id est fictus secundum poeticam licentiam locus. ne autem uideatur penitus a ueritate discedere, Hispaniensis Carthaginis portum descripsit. ceterum hunc locum in Africa nusquam esse constat, nec incongrue propter nominis similitudinem posuit. nam topographia est rei uerae descriptio. {{sc|'''secessv'''}} sinu secreto. {{sc|'''locvs'''}} subaudis ‘quem’, ut superius “urbs antiqua fuit”. et sciendum est, quia, quotiens praemittimus nomen cuiuslibet generis et interposito pronomine proprium sequitur nomen alterius generis, medium illud pronomen proprii nominis genus sequitur, ut Sallustius “est in carcere locus, quod Tullianum appellatur”. ecce proprio iunxit, non appellativo; Tullianum enim proprium est, carcer appellativum. si autem utraque nomina appellativa fuerint, licenter cui uolumus respondemus. INSVLA PORTUM EFFICIT ‘quem locum’ subaudimus, uel ‘in quo insula portum efficit’; hoc enim solummodo portus, quod illi insula anteposita est. 

{{ancora+|161|[[Aeneis/Liber I#161|161.]]}} {{sc|'''inqve sinvs scindit sese vnda redvctos'''}}  dividit se unda in sinus reductos, id est replicabiles. {{sc|'''inqve sinvs'''}} antiqua est locutio. sic ipse alibi “inque salutatam linquo”. C- Memmius de triumpho Luculli Asiatico: “inque luxuriosissimis Asiae oppidis consedissse” et mox “inque Gallograeciam redierunt”. 

{{ancora+|162|[[Aeneis/Liber I#162|162.]]}} {{sc|'''gemini'''}} pares, similes; interdum et duos significat. {{sc|'''minantvr'''}} eminent, ut “minaeque murorum ingentes”. item “illa usque minatur”. et ita est, ut quae eminent minari uideantur. 

{{ancora+|163|[[Aeneis/Liber I#163|163.]]}} {{sc|'''svb vertice'''}}  hoc est circa radices montis, quae ad rectam lineam suscipiunt cacumen, id est uerticem. 

{{ancora+|164|[[Aeneis/Liber I#164|164.]]}} {{sc|'''tvta'''}} a tempestate defensa, ideo et ‘silent’. {{sc|'''tvm'''}} pro praeterea. TUM SILVIS SCAENA CORVSCIS ‘siluis coruscis’ hoc est siluarum coruscarum, id est crispantium, ut Iuvenalis “longa coruscat serraco veniente abies”. et posuit septimum pro genetivo, ut superius “pulchra prole”. alii ‘coruscis’ tremulis uel uibrantibus accipiunt. {{sc|'''scaena'''}} inumbratio. et dicta scaena g-apo g-tehs g-skias. apud antiquos enim theatralis scaena parietem non habuit, sed de frondibus umbracula quaerebant. postea tabulata conponere coeperunt in modum parietis. scaena autem pars theatri aduersa spectantibus, in qua sunt regia. 

{{ancora+|165|[[Aeneis/Liber I#165|165.]]}} {{sc|'''desvper'''}} pro supra, praepositione contra rationem adiecta. {{sc|'''horrenti'''}} horror plerumque ad odium pertinet, plerumque ad venerationem, ut hoc loco. sic Lucanus “arboribus suus horror inest”. {{sc|'''atrvm nemvs'''}} tropus est; per atrum enim nigrum ostendit, per nigrum umbrosum, per umbrosum densum, id est frondibus plenum. 

{{ancora+|167|[[Aeneis/Liber I#167|167.]]}} {{sc|'''vivo'''}} naturali, ut “uivo praeteruehor ostia saxo”. 

{{ancora+|168|[[Aeneis/Liber I#168|168.]]}} {{sc|'''nympharvm domvs'''}}  aut uerum dicit et est historia, aut ad laudem pertinet loci: talis, inquit, locus est, ut domus credatur esse nympharum. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro ‘illic’ more suo. 

{{ancora+|169|[[Aeneis/Liber I#169|169.]]}} {{sc|'''anchora morsv'''}}  hoc nomen cum in Graeco, unde originem ducit, aspirationem non habeat, in Latino aspiratur: quod est contrarium; nam magis Graecorum est aspiratio. sed hoc in paucis nominibus invenitur. morsum autem de anchoris bene dixit, cum alio loco inveniamus “tum dente tenaci anchora fundabat navis”. 

{{ancora+|170|[[Aeneis/Liber I#170|170.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc septem aeneae c'''}} - N- quidam uolunt hoc loco quaestionem nasci. si favet Neptunus Troianis, cur cum omnibus navibus ad Africam non pervenit Aeneas? sed Neptunus postquam sensit tempestatem commotam, potuit de periculo liberare Troianos, ante facta uero mutare non potuit. nam et Orontis navem cum omnibus sociis eius constat perisse: et simul libri oeconomia perisset, si Aeneas cum omnibus navibus pervenisset. uolunt autem septem naves ita interim colligi, ut una Aeneae sit, tres de saxis a Cymothoe et Tritone, tres de syrtibus, Neptuno syrtes navigabiles faciente, liberatae sint, reliquae tantum dispersae sint, quas paulo post legimus ad Africae litus adpulsas. novam tamen rem Naevius bello Punico dicit, unam navem habuisse Aeneam, quam Mercurius fecerit. 

{{ancora+|171|[[Aeneis/Liber I#171|171.]]}} {{sc|'''tellvris amore'''}}  cuiuscumque post pericula. unde et superius dixit ‘quae proxima litora cursu contendunt’. et paulo post infert ‘optata potiuntur Troes harena’; nam re uera haec optata non erat eis, qui ad Italiam festinant. tellurem autem pro terra posuit, cum Tellurem deam dicamus, terram elementum; ut plerumque ponimus Vulcanum pro igni, Cererem pro frumento, Liberum pro uino. 

{{ancora+|172|[[Aeneis/Liber I#172|172.]]}} {{sc|'''harena'''}} quaeritur, habeat necne nomen hoc adspirationem. et Varro sic definit “si ab ariditate dicitur non habet, si ab haerendo, ut in fabricis uidemus, habet”. melior tamen est superior etymologia. et ‘harena’ aut pro terra posita est, aut et harena grata potuit esse post mare. 

{{ancora+|173|[[Aeneis/Liber I#173|173.]]}} {{sc|'''sale tabentis'''}}  aut madefactos aspargine, aut qui apud sentinam laboraverint; nam supra ait “omnes accipiunt inimicum imbrem”. sane marina aqua dicitur exesse et extenuare ut cetera sic corpus humanum. {{sc|'''in litore'''}} pro in litus, ut “arma sub aduersa posuit radiantia quercu” pro sub aduersam quercum. 

{{ancora+|174|[[Aeneis/Liber I#174|174.]]}} {{sc|'''silici scintillam excvdit'''}}  bene adiecit speciem, quia in lapidibus certis invenitur ignis. ‘excudit’ autem est feriendo eiecit, quia cudere est ferire; unde et incus dicitur, quod illic aliquid cudamus, id est feriamus. {{sc|'''achates'''}} adlusit ad nomen, nam achates lapidis species est: bene ergo ipsum dicit ignem excusisse. unde etiam Achaten eius comitem dixit. lectum est enim in naturali historia Plinii, quod si quis hunc lapidem in anulo habuerit, gratiosior est. 

{{ancora+|175|[[Aeneis/Liber I#175|175.]]}} {{sc|'''svccepit'''}} pro suscepit, ut diximus supra. 

{{ancora+|176|[[Aeneis/Liber I#176|176.]]}} {{sc|'''nvtrimenta'''}} Cicero in Oratore “sed quod educata huius nutrimentis eloquentia ipsa se postea colorat”. {{sc|'''rapvitqve in fomite flammam'''}} paene soloecophanes est; nam cum mutationem uerbum significet, ablativo usus est: sed hoc soluit aut antiqua circa communes praepositiones licentia, ut est “conditus in nubem”, contra “et nota conduntur in aluo”, item “saeva sedens super arma” et “geminae super arbore sidunt”. Cicero “quod ille in capite ab hostium duce acceperat”, item “et si fortes fueritis in eo, quem nemo sit ausus defendere”. aut ‘rapuit’ raptim fecit flammam in fomite, id est celeriter. et mire ‘rapuit’, opus est enim celeritate ad tale ministerium. sane fomites sunt assulae quae ab arboribus cadunt quando inciduntur, quod foveant ignem. Clodius Scriba commentariorum IIII. “fomenta taleae excisae ex arboribus”, item alio loco “astulae ambustae, ligna cavata a fungis nomine excepto”. 

{{ancora+|177|[[Aeneis/Liber I#177|177.]]}} {{sc|'''cererem'''}} metonymia pro frumento. {{sc|'''corrvptam vndis'''}} aqua emollitam. {{sc|'''cerealiaqve arma'''}} fugiens uilia ad generalitatem transiit propter carminis dignitatem et rem uilem auxit honestate sermonis, ut alibi, ne lucernam diceret, ait “testa cum ardente uiderent scintillare oleum”. et sciendum est iudice euphonia dici ‘Cerealia’ uel ‘Cerialia’, ‘Typhoea’ uel ‘Typhoia’, ‘Caesareanus’ uel ‘Caesarianus’. in his ergo licentia derivationis est. CEREALIAQUE ARMA ‘arma’ enim generaliter omnium rerum instrumenta dicuntur, ubi reponuntur armaria dicta sunt. Nigidius de hominum naturalibus IIII. “omnis enim ars materia inuenta circa quam uersetur, ferramenta uasa instrumentum armamentaque primum comparat, per quae opera sua efficere possit”. 

{{ancora+|178|[[Aeneis/Liber I#178|178.]]}} {{sc|'''fessi rervm'''}}  hoc est penuria fatigati, id est esurientes, quod fere laborem fames subsequitur. et fessus generale est; dicimus enim fessus animo, id est incertus consilii, ut “ter fessus ualle resedit”, et fessus corpore, quod magis est proprium, et fessus rerum a fortuna venientium, ut hoc loco. epitheta numquam uacant, sed aut ad augmentum, aut ad diminutionem, aut ad discretionem poni solent. {{sc|'''frvges'''}} generaliter omnes fruges dicuntur, et errant qui discernunt frumenta a frugibus. nam Cicero ait “olei et frugum minutarum”, cum de leguminibus diceret, ut ostenderet etiam frumenta fruges uocari. frugum autem nomen tractum est a frumine, id est eminente gutturis parte. {{sc|'''receptas'''}} liberatas ut “medioque ex hoste recepit”, id est liberavit. {{sc|'''receptas'''}} de periculo uel ex insperato saluas. 

{{ancora+|179|[[Aeneis/Liber I#179|179.]]}} {{sc|'''et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo'''}}  multi hysteroproteron putant, non respicientes superiora, quia dixit undis Cererem esse corruptam, quam necesse fuerat ante siccari. qui tamen etiam contra hoc illo se tuentur exemplo “nunc torrete igni fruges, nunc frangite saxo” et uolunt etiam hic hysteroproteron esse. quod falsum est; nam et hodie siccari ante fruges et sic frangi uidemus. et quia apud maiores nostros molarum usus non erat, frumenta torrebant et ea in pilas missa pinsebant, et hoc erat genus molendi. unde et pinsores dicti sunt, qui nunc pistores uocantur. pinsere autem dici Persius probat, ut “a tergo quem nulla ciconia pinsit”. quidam ne hysteroproteron sit, alios torrere, alios frangere accipiunt. Accius Troadibus “nocturna saxo fruges franges torridas”. sane his uersibus ‘tum Cererem corruptam undis’ et ‘torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo’ ius pontificum latenter attingit. flamines autem farinam fermentatam contingere non licebat. cum autem dicit ‘Cererem corruptam undis’ et ‘torrere p- f- et f- s-’, quid aliud ostendit, quam mox eos sine fermento panem coxisse, qui omnes fruges corruptas protulerunt? non autem exspectasse eos fermentum, docet illo uersu ‘tum uictu revocant uires’. 

{{ancora+|180|[[Aeneis/Liber I#180|180.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneas'''}} merita personarum uilibus officiis interesse non debent: quod bene servat ubique Vergilius, ut hoc loco, item in sexto cum diversis officiis Troianos diceret occupatos, ait “at pius Aeneas arces quibus altus Apollo praesidet”: nisi cum causa pietatis intervenit, ut ad sepeliendum socium Misenum de Aenea dixit “paribusque accingitur armis”. {{sc|'''scopvlvm'''}} id est speculam. et quando speculationem significamus, generis est feminini, ut “specula Misenus ab alta”. speculum autem, in quo nos intuemur, generis est neutri, ut Iuvenalis “speculum civilis sarcina belli”. 

{{ancora+|181|[[Aeneis/Liber I#181|181.]]}} {{sc|'''late petit'''}}  in quantum potest. {{sc|'''pelago'''}} in pelagus, ut “inferretque deos Latio”. {{sc|'''anthea si qvem'''}} aut ordo est ‘ascendit scopulum requisiturus Anthea Capyn Caicum, si quem uideat’. et usus est hoc genere elocutionis, quo et Terentius, qui dixit “quod plerique omnes faciunt adulescentuli”. atqui nihil tam contrarium; omnes enim generale est, plerique speciale: ordo ergo est, quod omnes faciunt adulescentuli, ut animum ad aliquod studium adiungant, plerique equos alere, plerique canes. aut certe ‘quem’ uacat, ut superius diximus istas frequenter uacare particulas, ut ipse Vergilius “Rhebe diu, res si qua diu mortalibus ulla est”. nemo enim dicit ‘si qua ulla’, sed ‘si ulla’: uacat ergo ‘qua’. item in Lucilio “et quem Pamphilum quaeris” ‘quem’ uacat, nam de uno loquebatur. ergo ‘si quem uideat’ pro ‘si uideat’ posuit, cui contrarium ponebant ueteres ‘nullum’, id est ‘si quem uidisti’ ‘nullum uidi’ pro ‘non uidi’. sane legitur et ‘si qua’, ut sit ‘si qua ratione’. 

{{ancora+|182|[[Aeneis/Liber I#182|182.]]}} {{sc|'''phrygias'''}} Troianas, Troia enim in Phrygia provincia est. et ueri simile est, Aeneam de omni ipsa provincia socios habere potuisse. in secundo enim ait “undique convenere animis opibusque parati”. dicta autem Phrygia ab Aesopi filia Phrygia. {{sc|'''biremis'''}} naves habentes remorum ordinem geminum, ut alibi “triplici pubes quam Dardana uersu inpellunt”. quidam tamen ‘biremes’ ad suum tempus uolunt dixisse Vergilium, negantes Troicis temporibus biremes fuisse. Varro enim ait post aliquot annos inuentas biremes. 

{{ancora+|183|[[Aeneis/Liber I#183|183.]]}} {{sc|'''in pvppibvs arma caici'''}}  quia navigantum militum est puppibus arma religare, ut alibi “pacem orare manu, praefigere puppibus arma”. fiebat hoc autem et signi gratia. aut ‘arma’ pro navalibus armamentis, ut “colligere arma iubet”, quia solent naves a uelificatione facile cognosci. 

{{ancora+|184|[[Aeneis/Liber I#184|184.]]}} {{sc|'''cervos'''}} cerui dicti sunt g-apo g-ton g-keraton, id est a cornibus. sciendum autem est etiam Latina nomina Graecam plerumque etymologiam recipere. sed cerui non sunt in provincia proconsulari, ad quam venit Aeneas. aut fictum ergo est secundum poeticum morem, aut ob hoc dictum, quia heroicis temporibus ubique omnia nascebantur per se, ut ipse “omnis feret omnia tellus”. aut possunt tunc fuisse, sed ut multis aliis locis uariae mutationes factae: licet quidam ceruos pro quacumque fera dictos accipiant, quia post ait ‘inplentur ueteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae’. nam male quidam eos de uicinis insulis transfretasse tradunt, et ideo ‘errantes’, quod in ignotis locis essent. 

{{ancora+|185|[[Aeneis/Liber I#185|185.]]}} {{sc|'''errantes'''}} pascentes, ut alibi “mille meae Siculis errant in montibus agnae”; re uera enim dum pascuntur, uagantur. et in septimo de ceruo “errabat siluis”. {{sc|'''tota'''}} inter ‘totum’ et ‘omne’ hoc interest, quod ‘totum’ dicimus unius corporis plenitudinem, ‘omne’ de universis dicimus, ut puta ‘totum auditorium habet scolasticos’, hoc est plenum est auditorium scolasticis; ‘omne auditorium habet scolasticos’, id est omnia auditoria. usurpant tamen poetae et ista confundunt, ut hoc loco ‘tota’ pro omnibus posuit, et contra pro tota ‘omnem’ posuit, ut est “omnemque reverti per Troiam”. Statius “et totos in poenam ordire nepotes”, id est omnes. plerique derivationem dicunt ab eo quod est ‘tot’ ‘totus’, ut ab eo quod est ‘quot’ ‘quotus’. sed illud notandum, quia in derivatione mutat plerumque naturam; nam cum ‘tot’ naturaliter brevis sit, ‘totus’ producitur, ‘quotus’ uero secundum originem suam brevis remanet. {{sc|'''armenta'''}} uidetur nove de ceruis dixisse, cum armenta proprie boum sint uel equorum uel ceterorum quibus in armis utimur. 

{{ancora+|186|[[Aeneis/Liber I#186|186.]]}} {{sc|'''agmen'''}} agmen proprie dicitur ordinata multitudo, ut est ambulantis exercitus; neque enim in uno loco stans agmen uocatur, aut si inuentum fuerit usurpatum est: unde bene adiecit ‘longum’, ut incedentum ostenderet significationem. 

{{ancora+|187|[[Aeneis/Liber I#187|187.]]}} {{sc|'''constitit'''}} ‘con’ secundum naturam brevis est semper, excepto quum s littera uel f sequitur; tunc enim tantum producitur, sicut ‘in’ syllaba, ut insula, infula. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro tunc, aut pro ibi. {{sc|'''celeres'''}} potest et pro celeriter accipi. 

{{ancora+|188|[[Aeneis/Liber I#188|188.]]}} {{sc|'''corripvit'''}} aut de pharetra corripuit, ut est “corripit hic subita trepidus formidine ferrum”, aut ab Achate, ut eum secutum esse per silentium intellegamus, ut illo loco “ni iam praemissus Achates adforet”, item “nunc repeto, Anchises fatorum arcana reliquit”. aut ‘corripuit’, ut ceruorum celeritatem praeciperet. {{sc|'''gerebat'''}} aut tunc, aut quae gerere consueverat. 

{{ancora+|190|[[Aeneis/Liber I#190|190.]]}} {{sc|'''cornibvs arboreis'''}}  aut subaudi ‘cum’, ut illo loco “atque Ixionii uento rota constitit orbis”, id est cum uento; aut certe secundum supra dictam figuram ‘cornibus arboreis’ pro cornuum arboreorum. melius tamen est ut ‘cum’ subaudias. {{sc|'''tvm vvlgvs'''}} bene ‘uulgus’ ductoribus interemptis. Ennius “avium uulgus” et alibi “hastarum”, id est multitudinem hastarum et avium. 

{{ancora+|191|[[Aeneis/Liber I#191|191.]]}} {{sc|'''miscet'''}} perturbat, circumagit, insequitur. {{sc|'''frondea'''}} pro frondosa posuit. plerumque enim dum uarietati declinationis student poetae mutant proprietatem; nam frondeum est totum de frondibus, ut torus, frondosus uero est lucus; licet enim abundet frondibus, non tamen est de frondibus totus: ut saxeus et saxosus. {{sc|'''tvrbam'''}} multitudinem. Cicero in Verrinis “uidet in turba Verrem”, Plautus in Amphitrione “deinde utrique imperatores in medium exeunt extra turbam ordinum”. 

{{ancora+|192|[[Aeneis/Liber I#192|192.]]}} {{sc|'''qvam septem'''}}  bene definit numerum; necessitatis enim est haec venatio, non uoluptatis, in qua plura requiruntur. nec enim conveniebat, sociis diversis modis laborantibus, uoluptati operam dare. {{sc|'''victor'''}} hoc loco propositi effector, ut est “atque rotis insistere uictor”. 

{{ancora+|193|[[Aeneis/Liber I#193|193.]]}} {{sc|'''fvndat hvmi'''}}  per humum. et est aduerbialiter positum, ut “humi nitens”, id est per humum. {{sc|'''cvm navibvs'''}} cacenphaton in sermone, quod fit si ‘cum’ particulam n littera sequatur. notandum sane est, quod non omnia persequitur, neque enim indicat, quo delati sunt cerui. 

{{ancora+|194|[[Aeneis/Liber I#194|194.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc'''}} pro inde uel post, abutitur enim aduerbiis more suo. {{sc|'''partitvr'''}} sallustius ait “provincias inter se partiverant”, nam et partio et partior dicimus: et est uerbum de his, quae cum utramque recipiant declinationem pro nostra uoluntate, activae tamen sunt significationis, ut punio punior, fabrico fabricor, lavo lavor. quamquam temptaverit Probus facere differentiam inter activam passivamque significationem, ut dicamus tondeo alterum tondeor ab altero; sed hoc in aliis uerbis dicere non possumus, ut fabrico fabricor, pasco pascor; nam legimus “florem depasta salicti” et “pascuntur uero dumos”. sunt autem alia uerba, quae activae significationis declinationisque sunt, ut caedo, sunt quae passivae, ut caedor. invenimus tamen, activam declinationem significationem habere passivam, ut uapulo, et contra declinationem passivam activam habere significationem, ut loquor. haec ergo caute ab illis segreganda sunt uerbis. 

{{ancora+|195|[[Aeneis/Liber I#195|195.]]}} {{sc|'''vina bonvs qvae deinde cadis onerarat acestes'''}}  ordo est ‘deinde uina partitur, quae Acestes dedit’. ‘bonus’ autem hic largus uel liberalis. sane etiam Aeneam bonum pro laude appellat, ut in quinto “quos bonus Aeneas dictis solatur amicis”. bonum etiam pro forti dicit Sallustius “sane bonus ea tempestate contra pericula et ambitionem”. item in Catilina “sed libertatem, quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittit”. de Acestis autem origine fabula in quinto libro est. {{sc|'''deinde'''}} una syllaba metri causa excluditur. 

{{ancora+|196|[[Aeneis/Liber I#196|196.]]}} {{sc|'''trinacrio'''}} Graecum est propter g-tria g-akra, id est promunturia, Lilybaeum, Pachynum, Pelorum. Latine autem Triquetra dicitur. sane Philostephanus peri ton neson sine r littera Trinaciam appellat “g-hoti g-Trinakos g-autehs g-prohtos g-ebasileusen”. {{sc|'''heros'''}} uir fortis, semideus, plus ab homine habens, ut ait Hesiodus. 

{{ancora+|197|[[Aeneis/Liber I#197|197.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis maerentia'''}}  bene ante epulas et hortatur socios et solatur. 

{{ancora+|198|[[Aeneis/Liber I#198|198.]]}} {{sc|'''o socii'''}}  ordo est ‘o socii, revocate animos’. bene autem socios dixit, ut se eis exaequaret. quidam socios proprie remiges accipiunt, sed illi socii navales appellantur. {{sc|'''ignari'''}} pro inmemores. et est acyrologia; ignarus enim est qui ignorat, inmemor qui oblitus est. {{sc|'''ante malorvm'''}} g-huphen est, id est antiquorum malorum, ut alibi “caeli subterlabentia signa”. et totus hic locus de Naevio belli Punici libro translatus est. 

{{ancora+|199|[[Aeneis/Liber I#199|199.]]}} {{sc|'''o passi graviora'''}}  arte magna utitur. uult enim eos meminisse gravissimorum, ut praesentia facilius tolerent. et bene graviora dicit esse transacta, ut de praesenti eos naufragio consoletur, et ut ostendat futura esse leviora. {{sc|'''his qvoqve'''}} scilicet sicut et gravioribus. 

{{ancora+|200|[[Aeneis/Liber I#200|200.]]}} {{sc|'''vos'''}} uos certe estis. {{sc|'''scyllaeam rabiem'''}} exempla pro negotiorum qualitate sumere debemus, ut hoc loco in marinis periculis ponit peractae tempestatis exempla. ‘rabiem’ autem secundum antiquos dictum non nulli adserunt; nam rabiam dici adfirmant. {{sc|'''penitvsqve sonantes'''}} id est ualde, et aut ‘ualde sonantes’ accessistis, aut ‘ualde accessistis’, id est iuxta. et bene ait ‘accessistis’; non enim passi sunt haec pericula, sed his fuere uicini. ‘accestis’ autem pro accessistis dictum per syncopen, quae fit, cum de media parte uerbi syllaba subducitur. 

{{ancora+|201|[[Aeneis/Liber I#201|201.]]}} {{sc|'''cyclopea saxa'''}}  aut quae Cyclops in Ulixen iecit, aut certe Siciliam dicit, quae plurimis locis saxosa promunturia habet, in qua Cyclopes habitaverunt, ut ipse “centum alii curva haec habitant ad litora uulgo”. possumus tamen et Aetnam accipere, quae propria Cyclopum fuit: nam et ipse in tertio ait “nocte illa tecti siluis inmania monstra perferimus”. quidam tamen haec saxa inter Catinam et Tauromenium in modum metarum situ naturali dicunt esse, quae Cyclopea appellantur, quorum medium et eminentissimum Galate dicitur. 

{{ancora+|202|[[Aeneis/Liber I#202|202.]]}} {{sc|'''revocate animos'''}}  quos remisistis resumite, hoc est animo praesenti estote. {{sc|'''maestvmqve timorem'''}} quod maestos et sollicitos faciat, ut ‘mors pallida’ et ‘tristis senectus’. 

{{ancora+|203|[[Aeneis/Liber I#203|203.]]}} {{sc|'''mittite'''}} pro omittite. et est tropus aphaeresis, quomodo temnere pro contemnere. {{sc|'''forsan'''}} forsan fortassis forsitan forte fors, ut “fors et uota facit” et “forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras”. sed omnia haec unum significant, sed uarie pro metri ratione ponuntur. dicitur tamen et ‘fortasse’, ut Terentius “tu fortasse, quae hic facta sunt, nescis”. {{sc|'''olim'''}} modo temporis futuri est. {{sc|'''meminisse'''}} memini et genetivum regit et accusativum; dicimus enim et memini malorum et memini mala: et iusta ratione; nam memoriae oblivio contraria est. et obliviscor similiter et genetivum regit et accusativum, ut “obliviscere caedis atque incendiorum” et “obliviscor iniurias tuas Clodia”. [sic Tullius Cicero.] {{sc|'''ivvabit'''}} futuri temporis est. huius autem uerbi praeteritum perfectum anomalum est. nam cum primae coniugationis uerba tempore perfecto aut in avi exeant, ut amavi, aut in ui solutam, ut tonui, hoc uerbum neque iuvavi facit neque iuvui, sed iuvi, ut Lucanus “iuvit sumpta ducem, iuvit dimissa potestas”. {{sc|'''ivvabit'''}} sicut nunc priorum meminisse iuvat. et multi ‘iuvabit’ non delectabit, sed usus erit tradunt. 

{{ancora+|204|[[Aeneis/Liber I#204|204.]]}} {{sc|'''per varios casvs'''}}  argumentum a conpensatione. et bene dicendo ‘casus’ et ‘discrimina’ praeterita attenuat; neque enim ait ‘pericula’. ‘rerum’ autem potest et saluo sensu omitti. {{sc|'''sedes qvietas'''}} non uacat quod adiecit ‘quietas’. habuit enim sedes et in Thracia, sed portentosas, et in Creta, sed pestilentes, et ideo non quietas. ‘fata’ autem quidam hic deorum responsa accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|206|[[Aeneis/Liber I#206|206.]]}} {{sc|'''illic fas regna resvergere troiae'''}}  figura etiam ante dicta, qua per contrarium aliquid intellegimus. dicendo enim ‘illic fas’ ostendit alibi nefas, ut occurreret cogitationi sociorum, ne fatigati tot malis quascumque requirerent sedes, quod etiam in quinto factum est navibus incensis. bene autem ‘regna Troiae’ dixit, non Troiam, quam amiserant. 

{{ancora+|207|[[Aeneis/Liber I#207|207.]]}} {{sc|'''dvrate'''}} duri estote ad sustinendos labores. sic Horatius “uix durare possunt imperiosius aequor”. VOSMET ‘met’ g-parelkon est. sciendum autem est, has particulas ‘met’ ‘piam’ ‘te’, ut egomet quispiam tute et similia ornatus causa poni. sunt autem aduerbia. quicquid enim ab illis septem recesserit partibus aduerbium sit necesse est. item quemadmodum probamus aduerbia esse, quia dicimus ‘docte facio’, ‘docte feci’, ‘docte fecisti’, et mutato uerbo remanet aduerbium: ergo si sic et in istis particulis invenimus, ut egomet uosmet, ut mutatis casibus uel personis eadem permaneant, aduerbia sine dubio sunt, nulla enim hoc alia pars orationis admittit. notandum sane quod hae particulae plerumque suam naturam habent, non syllabarum. nam cum ‘te’ et ‘met’ longae sint, ‘tutemet’ dactylus invenitur, nec possumus harum partium naturam discutere, quia sub regulis non sunt. 

{{ancora+|208|[[Aeneis/Liber I#208|208.]]}} {{sc|'''voce refert'''}}  pleonasmos est, qui fit quotiens adduntur superflua, ut alibi “uocemque his auribus hausi”. Terentius “his oculis egomet uidi”. {{sc|'''cvris'''}} cura dicta ab eo quod cor urat. denique paulo post ait ‘premit altum corde dolorem’. AEGER ‘aeger’ est et tristis et male ualens, aegrotus autem sive aegrotans tantummodo male ualens. 

{{ancora+|209|[[Aeneis/Liber I#209|209.]]}} {{sc|'''spem'''}} laetitiam, ut “spem fronte serenat”: et est crebra apud Vergilium figura, quae fit quotiens significatur ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, nam spem laetitia sequitur: spes uero in uultu non uidetur, sed laetitia. haec autem figura et uersa uice fit, ut intellegamus ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit, ut “meritaeque expectent praemia palmae” palmam pro uirtute posuit, quae praemium meretur et palmam. 

{{ancora+|210|[[Aeneis/Liber I#210|210.]]}} {{sc|'''praedae'''}} ad praedam, ut “inferretque deos Latio”. {{sc|'''accingvnt'''}} studiose parant, ut alibi “accingunt operi”; accinctos enim industrios dicimus, ut Horatius “altius ac nos praecinctis unum”, sicut econtra neclegentes discinctos uocamus, ut “discinctos Mulciber Afros”. {{sc|'''dapibvsqve fvtvris'''}} ambitiose dixit quod sunt cerui dapes futurae. 

{{ancora+|211|[[Aeneis/Liber I#211|211.]]}} {{sc|'''tergora'''}} tergus tergoris, unde et ‘tergora’, corium significat, tergum uero tergi, ut templum templi, dorsum significat, ut Sallustius “scilicet quia tergis abstinetur”. sed haec a ueteribus confundebantur, ut alibi “taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo”. item in nono “ingerit hastas in tergus”. quidam mox detracta coria pelles dici, subacta autem et iam medicata coria appellanda tradunt. VISCERA NUDANT ‘uiscera’ non tantum intestina dicimus, sed quicquid sub corio est, ut “in Albano Latinis uisceratio dabatur”, id est caro. est autem nominativus hoc uiscus huius uisceris, ut Lucretius “uiscus gigni sanguenque creari”. sanguen autem ideo dixit, quia sanguinis facit, ut carmen carminis; si enim sanguis diceret, par esset genetivus, ut anguis, pinguis. 

{{ancora+|212|[[Aeneis/Liber I#212|212.]]}} {{sc|'''pars et frvsta secant'''}}  figurate, ut “pars grandia trudunt”. {{sc|'''veribvs'''}} ecce nomen de his quae in numero singulari indeclinabilia sunt, ut ueru cornu genu. {{sc|'''trementia'''}} palpitantia adhuc. 

{{ancora+|213|[[Aeneis/Liber I#213|213.]]}} {{sc|'''litore'''}} pro in litore. {{sc|'''aena locant'''}} quibus utebantur non ad elixandas carnes, sed ad se lavandos. heroicis enim temporibus carne non uescebantur elixa. huic autem nomini maiores adspirationem dabant; nam ahena dicebant. sane aena absolute, sicut Graeci g-chalkea, ut “costis undantis aeni” et “aena undantia flammis”. quidam autem aenum speciem uasis non utique aenei tradunt, ut Nevius “aeneus, plumbeus”. 

{{ancora+|214|[[Aeneis/Liber I#214|214.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm'''}} id est uel postquam se laverunt, uel postquam sibi cibum paraverunt. {{sc|'''victv'''}} cibo, unde et conuictores dicimus, ut Horatius “nunc quia sim tibi Maecenas conuictor”; nam conuivae a conuivio dicuntur. {{sc|'''revocant vires'''}} bene cibo dixit uires reductas, quia supra dixerat ‘fessi rerum’, hoc est fame et labore fatigati. {{sc|'''fvsi'''}} polysemus sermo est. significat enim et discumbentes, ut hoc loco, et fugatos et occisos. sane iuxta temporis sui morem hoc loco discumbentes inducit, nam olim sedentes uesci consueverant, ut ipse meminit “gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili” et “perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis”. 

{{ancora+|215|[[Aeneis/Liber I#215|215.]]}} {{sc|'''inplentvr'''}} inpleor duos casus regit; dicimus enim et inpleor illius rei, ut Cicero “squaloris plenus ac pulueris” et inpleor illa re, ut Iuvenalis “lectica Mathonis plena ipso”. {{sc|'''ferinae'''}} feras dicimus aut quod omni corpore feruntur, aut quod naturali utuntur libertate et pro desiderio suo feruntur. sane ueteres prope omnes quadrupedes feras dicebant, ut “inque feri curvam conpagibus aluum contorsit” et “armentalis equae mammis et lacte ferino”. 

{{ancora+|216|[[Aeneis/Liber I#216|216.]]}} {{sc|'''postqvam exempta fames'''}}  caute in maestitia cibis famem exemptam dicit, id est fugatam, non affluentiam quaesitam. Homerus “g-autar g-epei g-posios g-kai g-edehtuos g-ex g-eron g-hento”. {{sc|'''mensaeqve remotae'''}} quia apud maiores ipsas apponebant mensas pro discis: unde est “et mensae grata secundae”. duas enim habebant mensas: unam carnis, alteram pomorum. sane aliquando inducit luxuriosas epulas “postquam prima quies epulis mensaeque remotae”. {{sc|'''amissos'''}} non re uera, sed ut illo tempore putabant. 

{{ancora+|218|[[Aeneis/Liber I#218|218.]]}} {{sc|'''spemqve metvmqve inter dvbii'''}}  spes bonorum, metus malorum; et ideo subiunxit ‘seu uivere credant, sive extrema pati’. et hoc loco ‘seu’ pro utrumne. et quidam commodius distingui putant ‘spemque metumque inter’ et sic subiungunt ‘dubii seu uivere credant sive extrema pati’. 

{{ancora+|219|[[Aeneis/Liber I#219|219.]]}} {{sc|'''exavdire vocatos'''}}  aut subaudimus ‘deos’ et quasi conquestio est, quod non flectantur precibus, aut certe hoc dicit, non solum perisse eos, sed nec sepulturam habere, ad quam uocentur. novimus enim quod mortuorum umbrae ad sepulcra uocabantur, ut est “manesque uocabat Hectoreum ad tumulum”. et est figura ab eo quod praecedit id quod sequitur, quia post facta sepulcra manes uocantur, ut in tertio “animamque sepulcro condimus et magna supremum uoce ciemus”; post nomen enim defuncti uocatum tertio dicebatur uale uale uale. aut ideo non exaudire quia iam illi mortui sint, aut a praetereuntibus uocatos non exaudire, aut certe in ea parte sitos, ut nec uocati exaudiant, quia fuit et alius mos, ut eos qui in aliena terra perissent uocarent, ut est “et magna manes ter uoce uocavi”. 

{{ancora+|220|[[Aeneis/Liber I#220|220.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipve'''}} praeter omnes, quasi pius. {{sc|'''acris'''}} fortis, alias uelocis. quidam acrem in unamquamque rem uegetum ac nimium tradunt. {{sc|'''oronti'''}} pro Orontis, ut “inmitis Achilli”. uitavit homoio- teleuton. 

{{ancora+|221|[[Aeneis/Liber I#221|221.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc amyci'''}}  in quinto Gyae meminit; nam Amycus et Lycus cum Oronte uidentur perisse. {{sc|'''secvm'''}} propter socios, ut supra ‘spem uultu simulat’. 

{{ancora+|222|[[Aeneis/Liber I#222|222.]]}} {{sc|'''fortemqve gyan'''}}  ut merito requirantur et desiderentur. 

{{ancora+|223|[[Aeneis/Liber I#223|223.]]}} {{sc|'''finis'''}} uel fabularum uel diei. sequitur namque paulo post ‘Aeneas per noctem plurima uoluens’. et sciendum est Vergilium non semper dicere ortum uel occasum diei, sed aut intellectui relinquere, ut hoc loco, aut negotiis tempora significare. est autem poetica callopistia non omnia exprimere: unde ait Horatius in arte poetica “nec uerbum uerbo curabis reddere fidus interpres”; quamuis plerique de translatione Graecitatis hoc adserant dictum. Homerus sane ista contemnens tempora universa describit. {{sc|'''et iam finis erat'''}} uel epularum uel famis uel malorum, ex quo Iuppiter in caelo ita constitit, ut Libyam respiceret. {{sc|'''cvm ivppiter aethere svmmo despiciens'''}} oeconomiam istam secundum mathesin uidetur ordinasse Vergilius; nam Iove in altitudine sua posito cum Venere significatur quod per mulierem aliqua felicitas possit evenire. ergo quoniam Aeneas in partem regni admittetur a Didone per occasionem coniugii, idcirco haec poeta praemisit. sane et illud animaduertendum quod peritissime dixit tristiorem Venerem fuisse cum Iove, ex quo significat exitum uxoris infelicem futurum; nam se utique Dido interemit. quod autem Mercurium facit a Iove defluentem ad occasum descendere, id est ad ima terrarum, ostendit amicitias quidem fore, sed minime diuturno tempore permanere. illud etiam mathematici dicunt, Venere in Virgine posita misericordem feminam nasci: atque ideo Vergilius fingit in habitu uirginis venatricis Venerem occurrisse filio, quod et misericordem postea reginam probavit Aeneas et in venatione cum ea permixtus est. {{sc|'''aethere svmmo'''}} qui summus est; et proprium et perpetuum aetheri epitheton dedit, quia omnibus superior est: non ergo quasi elegerit Iuppiter locum qui superior est. 

{{ancora+|224|[[Aeneis/Liber I#224|224.]]}} {{sc|'''despiciens'''}} deorsum aspiciens, sicut ‘suspiciens’ sursum aspiciens. notandum sane, quia si dispiciens dixerimus, diligenter inquirens significamus, sicut deduco et diduco; nam deduco est prosequor, diduco uero divido. {{sc|'''velivolvm'''}} duas res significat, et quod uelis uolatur, ut hoc loco, et quod uelis uolat, ut Ennius “naves uelivolas”, qui et proprie dixit. et est ista reciproca translatio navium et avium. legimus enim “et uelorum pandimus alas” et contra de apibus “nare per aestatem liquidam”, cum natatus navium sit, alae uero avium. et sciendum est esse reciprocas translationes, esse et partis unius. {{sc|'''iacentes'''}} aut in longum expositas, aut proprium epitheton est terrarum; nam cum cetera elementa mobilia sint, sola terra stabilis est, unde et bruta dicitur. alibi “tantum campi iacet”. 

{{ancora+|225|[[Aeneis/Liber I#225|225.]]}} {{sc|'''latos popvlos'''}}  cum populos numero plurali dicimus urbes significamus, cum uero populum, unius multitudinem civitatis intellegimus. {{sc|'''sic'''}} id est sic, ut ista conspiceret. 

{{ancora+|226|[[Aeneis/Liber I#226|226.]]}} {{sc|'''et libyae defixit lvmina regnis'''}}  prooeconomia, id est dispositio carminis. uituperabile enim fuerat, si ex abrupto transitum faceret, quod in nono fecit: quae res tamen excusatur uno sermone “atque ea diversa penitus dum parte geruntur”, id est eodem tempore, quod solum est interpositum. nunc uero bene transiit, quia inducit Iovem et de rebus humanis cogitantem et Africam respicientem, ad quam venere Troiani. unde honestus color est, ut Venus adeat Iovem, timens ne Romana fata Carthagini concedat; felix enim eventus sequitur loca quae respexerit Iuppiter: unde in secundo ait “aspice nos hoc tantum” et alibi “atque oculos Rutulorum reicit aruis”, ubi erat futura uictoria. 

{{ancora+|227|[[Aeneis/Liber I#227|227.]]}} {{sc|'''tales'''}} de rebus humanis. {{sc|'''iactantem pectore cvras'''}} nunc secundum Stoicos loquitur, qui deos dicunt humana curare, interdum secundum Epicureos, poetica utens licentia. 

{{ancora+|228|[[Aeneis/Liber I#228|228.]]}} {{sc|'''tristior'''}} conparativum posuit pro positivo. quando enim tristis est Venus, ut nunc ‘tristior’ diceretur? sic Sallustius “utque ipsum mare Ponticum dulcius quam cetera”. an modo tristior, cum et ante propter Aeneam soleret tristis esse? an tristior pro laetitia Veneris? {{sc|'''ocvlos svffvsa nitentes'''}} nitidos oculos lacrimis perfusos habens. et est figura, quae fit quotiens participio praeteriti temporis a passivo iungimus casum accusativum, ut ‘deiectus animum’, ‘maesta uultum’. dicendo autem ‘nitentes’ expressit nimiam etiam in lacrimis pulchritudinem, sicut de Euryalo “lacrimaeque decorae”. 

{{ancora+|229|[[Aeneis/Liber I#229|229.]]}} {{sc|'''o qvi res hominvmqve devmqve'''}}  graviter coepit; non enim ait ‘o genitor’. et est tota orationis intentio, iniuste uexari a Iunone Troianos. 

{{ancora+|230|[[Aeneis/Liber I#230|230.]]}} {{sc|'''aeternis regis imperiis et fvlmine terres'''}}  haec commemoratio potentiae Iovis quasi ad inuidiam posita est, hoc est, qui omne potes contra te flecteris. {{sc|'''aeternis regis imperiis et fvlmine terres'''}} uolunt quidam superfluo ‘regis’ ad deos referri, ‘terres’ ad homines, nescientes quia maioris potestatis est idem posse circa deos, quod circa homines. ‘et fulmine terres’ non sine causa adiecit ‘terres’. est enim fulmen quod terreat; est quod adflet, ut “fulminis adflavit uentis”; est quod puniat, ut “uel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras”: peremptorii autem fulminis late patet significatio: est quod praesaget, ut “de caelo tactas memini praedicere quercus”. poetarum autem consuetudo est prope semper cum Iovem nominaverint et fulmen adiungere, ut “audiat haec genitor qui foedera fulmine sancit” et ante “genitor cum fulmina torques”. 

{{ancora+|231|[[Aeneis/Liber I#231|231.]]}} {{sc|'''mevs'''}} subaudis filius, ut Aiacis Oili, ut ante diximus. {{sc|'''mevs'''}} id est quasi per me tibi coniunctus. {{sc|'''in te'''}} modo ‘contra te’, alibi ‘pro’ significat, ut “quietum accipit in Teucros animum”, id est pro Teucris. 

{{ancora+|232|[[Aeneis/Liber I#232|232.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid troes potvere'''}} ? hoc est, qui Grais pares non fuerunt, in te aliquid possunt? et est argumentum ab inpossibili, ut alibi “non ea uis animo”. et est ualidius, quam a uoluntate; plus enim est non posse, quam nolle. {{sc|'''troes'''}} erit nominativus Tros. et haec breviter scienda regula est, quia omnia nomina monosyllaba Graeca, quae in Latinum sermonem transeunt, tertiae sunt tantum declinationis et tam Latine quam Graece declinari possunt, ut Tros Trois et Troos, Pan Panis et Panos, ut “Arcadici dictum Panos de more Lycaei”. 

{{ancora+|233|[[Aeneis/Liber I#233|233.]]}} {{sc|'''ob italiam'''}}  ne ad Italiam perveniant, toto orbe pelluntur. atqui in Africa sunt. sed si diligenter requiras, etiam inde pelluntur; ait namque “hospitio prohibemur harenae”. {{sc|'''ob italiam'''}} multi ‘iuxta Italiam’ antiquo more dictum accipiunt, ut sit, pars orbis clauditur quae circa Italiam est; ‘ob’ enim ueteres pro ‘iuxta’ ponebant. Plautus in milite “nunc scio mihi ob oculos caliginem obstitisse”. potest tamen ‘ob’ et ‘ante’ intellegi, aut ‘ob’ ‘propter’, Terentius “quodnam ob factum”; aut ‘ob’ ‘circum’, ut “Turni se pestis ob ora”, quasi circa Italiam errent et in eam pervenire non possint. significat ‘ob’ et ‘contra’, ut obstat et obloquitur. 

{{ancora+|234|[[Aeneis/Liber I#234|234.]]}} {{sc|'''certe hinc romanos'''}}  atqui nusquam hoc legimus, sed per silentium intellegimus, ut superius de Iunone “audierat”. {{sc|'''olim'''}} aut ‘olim fore’ et futuri temporis est, aut ‘olim pollicitus’. {{sc|'''volventibvs'''}} uolubilibus, et est participium pro nomine. uoluens enim est qui uoluit, uolubilis qui uoluitur. anni autem uoluuntur, non uoluunt, ut est “atque in se sua per uestigia uoluitur annus”. alii quia deficit lingua Latina participio praesenti passivo praesens activum positum uolunt, ut “uoluentia plaustra” et “siliqua quassante” quae quassetur. 

{{ancora+|235|[[Aeneis/Liber I#235|235.]]}} {{sc|'''fore'''}} futuros esse. et est de uerbis defectivis. {{sc|'''revocato'''}} dicendo ‘revocato’ ostendit Italiam, unde Dardanus fuerat. {{sc|'''a sangvine tevcri'''}} teucrum pro Dardano posuit: Dardanus enim de Italia profectus est, Teucer de Creta: quia solent poetae nomina de uicinis provinciis uel personis usurpare, ut “domitus Pollucis habenis Cyllarus”, cum Castor equorum domitor fuerit; item et “manibus Procne pectus signata cruentum” pro Philomela; item Didonem Sidoniam dicit, cum sit Tyria, a loci uicinitate; item “quid loquar aut Scyllam Nisi?” cum Phorci fuerit. et sciendum est, inter fabulam et argumentum, hoc est historiam, hoc interesse, quod fabula est dicta res contra naturam, sive facta sive non facta, ut de Pasiphae, historia est quicquid secundum naturam dicitur, sive factum sive non factum, ut de Phaedra. 

{{ancora+|236|[[Aeneis/Liber I#236|236.]]}} {{sc|'''omni dicione'''}}  melius ‘omni’ quam ‘omnis’, ut significet ‘omni potestate’, id est pace, legibus, bello. 

{{ancora+|237|[[Aeneis/Liber I#237|237.]]}} {{sc|'''pollicitvs'''}} pollicemur sponte, rogati promittimus. QUAE TE GENITOR SENTENTIA VERTIT? ‘quae’ pro cuius aut qualis. et uerecunde agit Venus; nec enim conveniebat, ut aperte contra uxorem ageret apud maritum: unde et similiter respondet Iuppiter ‘neque me sententia uertit’. 

{{ancora+|238|[[Aeneis/Liber I#238|238.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc'''}} hac re. {{sc|'''hoc'''}} propter hoc quod sciret Aeneae socios imperaturos. 

{{ancora+|239|[[Aeneis/Liber I#239|239.]]}} {{sc|'''fatis contraria fata'''}}  utrum fatis bonis in praesentibus? {{sc|'''rependens'''}} conpensans. et est translatio a pecunia. 

{{ancora+|240|[[Aeneis/Liber I#240|240.]]}} {{sc|'''nvnc eadem'''}}  similis qualis ab initio fuit, ut ostendat nec longitudinem temporis prodesse Troianis. 

{{ancora+|241|[[Aeneis/Liber I#241|241.]]}} {{sc|'''finem'''}} ac si diceret, non regnum requirimus, sed finem laborum. 

{{ancora+|242|[[Aeneis/Liber I#242|242.]]}} {{sc|'''antenor potvit'''}}  capto Ilio Menelaus memor se et Ulixen beneficio Antenoris servatos, cum repetentes Helenam ab eo essent suscepti ac paene a Paride aliisque iuvenibus interempti essent, parem gratiam reddens inuiolatum dimisit. qui cum uxore Theano et filiis Helicaone et Polydamante ceterisque sociis in Illyricum pervenit, et bello exceptus ab Euganeis et rege Veleso uictor urbem Patavium condidit; id enim responsi acceperat eo loco condere civitatem quo sagittis avem petisset; ideo ex avis petitae auspicio Patavium nominatum, cui aeternitatem - - Helicaon ne uictor rediret gladio peremit. {{sc|'''antenor potvit'''}} non sine causa Antenoris posuit exemplum, cum multi evaserint Troianorum periculum, ut Capys qui Campaniam tenuit, ut Helenus qui Macedoniam, ut alii qui Sardiniam secundum Sallustium; sed propter hoc, ne forte illud occurreret, iure hunc uexari tamquam proditorem patriae. elegit ergo similem personam; hi enim duo Troiam prodidisse dicuntur secundum Livium, quod et Vergilius per transitum tangit, ubi ait “se quoque principibus permixtum agnovit Achivis”, et excusat Horatius dicens “ardentem sine fraude Troiam”, hoc est sine proditione: quae quidem excusatio non uacat; nemo enim excusat nisi rem plenam suspicionis. Sisenna tamen dicit solum Antenorem prodidisse. quem si uelimus sequi augemus exemplum: si regnat proditor, cur pius uagatur? ob hoc autem creditur Graecis Antenor patriam prodidisse, quia sicut superius dictum est, et auctor reddendae Helenae fuit et legatos qui propter Helenam venerant suscepit hospitio, et Ulixen in mendici habitu agnitum non prodidit. {{sc|'''potvit'''}} plus est quod dixit ‘potuit’ non meruit. {{sc|'''elapsvs'''}} inuidiose noluit dicere ‘dimissus’, sed ‘elapsus’. {{sc|'''achivis'''}} ab Achaeo, Iovis et Pithiae filio, dicti. 

{{ancora+|243|[[Aeneis/Liber I#243|243.]]}} {{sc|'''illyricos penetrare sinvs'''}}  Antenor non Illyricum, non Liburniam, sed Venetiam tenuit. ideo autem Vergilius dicit ‘Illyricos sinus’, quod inde venit quidam Henetus rex, qui Venetiam tenuit, a cuius nomine Henetiam dictam posteri Venetiam nominaverunt. {{sc|'''tvtvs'''}} ideo tutus, quia Raeti Vindelici ipsi sunt Liburni, saevissimi admodum populi, contra quos missus est Drusus. hi autem ab Amazonibus originem ducunt, ut etiam Horatius dicit “quibus mos unde deductus per omne tempus Amazonia securi dextras obarmet, quaerere distuli”. hoc ergo nunc ad augmentum pertinet, quod tutus est etiam inter saevos populos. 

{{ancora+|244|[[Aeneis/Liber I#244|244.]]}} {{sc|'''fontem timavi'''}}  amant poetae rem unius sermonis circumlocutionibus dicere, ut pro Troia dicant ‘urbem Troianam’, pro Buthrotio ‘arcem Buthroti’. sic et modo pro Timavo ait ‘fontem Timavi’, et paulo post ‘urbem Patavi’, id est Patavium. {{sc|'''svperare'''}} nauticus sermo est. Lucilius “promontorium remis superamus Minervae”. 

{{ancora+|245|[[Aeneis/Liber I#245|245.]]}} {{sc|'''vnde per ora novem'''}}  multi septem esse dicunt. quod si incerta fides est, finitus est numerus pro infinito. {{sc|'''cvm mvrmvre montis'''}} tanta ui exit in mare, ut etiam resonet uicinus mons. et sic dictum est, sicut superius “illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis circum claustra fremunt”. 

{{ancora+|246|[[Aeneis/Liber I#246|246.]]}} {{sc|'''mare'''}} it quasi proruptum mare. {{sc|'''mare'''}} amat poeta rem historiae carmini suo coniungere. Varro enim dicit hunc fluvium ab incolis mare nominari. {{sc|'''prorvptvm'''}} id est effusum fluens. et melius ‘proruptum’, quam ‘praeruptum’ legere. bene autem definit, quid est largus fons? solutum mare. {{sc|'''pelago'''}} aquarum abundantia. {{sc|'''premit'''}} populatur, uastat. sane multi ‘it mare proruptum’ et ‘pelago premit arva sonanti’ hoc intellegi uolunt, quod tanta est in illis locis accessa quae dicitur maris, ut per ora Timavi, id est usque ad initium fontis mare ascendat. unde ait ‘it mare proruptum et pelago p- a-’, id est ⟨ut⟩ aqua maris premat arva, hoc est litora uicina cooperiat. constat autem et in illo loco accessam maris usque ad montem pervenire et per omne litus Venetiarum mare certis horis et accedere per infinitum et recedere. Timavus autem in Histria est inter Aquileiam et Tergestum. 

{{ancora+|247|[[Aeneis/Liber I#247|247.]]}} {{sc|'''hic tamen'''}}  hoc est etiam in loco difficili. {{sc|'''hic'''}} pro illic. {{sc|'''vrbem patavi'''}} hoc est Patavium. Patavium autem dictum uel a Padi uicinitate, quasi Padavium, uel g-apo g-tou g-petasthai, quod captato augurio dicitur condita, uel quod avem telo petisse dicitur et eo loco condidisse civitatem. alii a palude Patina, quae uicina civitati fuisse dicitur, Patavium dictam putant. sane ‘Patavi’ minorem nominativo genetivum fecit, cum genetivus numquam pauciores syllabas nominativo suo habere debeat; Patavium enim Patavii facit. {{sc|'''sedesqve locavit'''}} ex uotis suis facit inuidiam, dicens id concessum Antenori, quod ipsa desiderat. 

{{ancora+|248|[[Aeneis/Liber I#248|248.]]}} {{sc|'''et genti nomen dedit'''}}  hoc est, quod ne uictori quidem concedetur Aeneae: quod scimus a Iunone esse perfectum, contra quam oblique loquitur propter considerationem mariti. hi autem primis temporibus ab Antenore dicti sunt Antenoridae. ipsum uero quidam dicunt haec ora se appellasse. aut certe ‘nomen’ nobilitatem uel dignitatem, ut “et nos aliquod nomenque decusque gessimus”. {{sc|'''armaqve fixit troia'''}} hoc est, securus est, quia solent missi militia sive gladiatura quibuslibet templis arma suspendere, ut Horatius “Veianius armis Herculis ad postem fixis” et “Danais de poste refixum”. {{sc|'''armaqve fixit'''}} quasi non necessaria consecravit; figere enim consecrare hic debemus accipere, ut “postibus aduersis figo”. 

{{ancora+|249|[[Aeneis/Liber I#249|249.]]}} {{sc|'''compostvs'''}} pro compositus. syncope est; detraxit enim de medio syllabam, ut “et pocula porgite dextris” 

{{ancora+|250|[[Aeneis/Liber I#250|250.]]}} {{sc|'''nos tva progenies'''}}  sic loquitur quasi una sit de Troianis; nam aliter sensus non procedit. quod autem dixit ‘tua progenies’, epexegesis est, ut “ast ego quae divum incedo regina”. {{sc|'''nos tva progenies'''}} quasi patiatur et ipsa quod et filius. et bene ‘tua progenies’ propter Antenorem. {{sc|'''adnvis'''}} quia nutu semper promittit aliquid Iuppiter, ut “annuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum”. {{sc|'''annvis'''}} licet ipsa dea sit, tamen sub persona Aeneae se posuit. 

{{ancora+|251|[[Aeneis/Liber I#251|251.]]}} {{sc|'''navibvs amissis'''}}  cur, cum una navis perierit, ait ‘navibus’? aut inuidiose dixit et exaggerat, aut quia adhuc aliae desunt, aut quia eas non perisse ignorat Aeneas. {{sc|'''infandvm'''}} pro infande posuit, ut in VI- “miserum septena quotannis”. item “toruumque repente clamat” pro torue. et est figura, quae fit quotiens nomen pro aduerbio ponitur; magis autem poetica est, in prosa aut rara aut numquam. tamen hoc loco ‘infandum’ potest esse etiam interiectio dolentis. {{sc|'''vnivs'''}} hic produxit paenultimam. {{sc|'''vnivs'''}} cautius, quam si dixisset Iunonis. 

{{ancora+|252|[[Aeneis/Liber I#252|252.]]}} {{sc|'''prodimvr'''}} multa quidem hic sermo significat, sed modo porro damur, scilicet ab Italia. et sciendum est omnium auctorum esse consuetudinem res dubie positas in sequentibus explanare et plenius dicere, ut hoc loco; nam quid est ‘prodimur’, ostendit dicens ‘atque Italis longe disiungimur oris’. {{sc|'''longe'''}} maxime; non enim longe erant ab Italia, cum tempestate disiecti sunt. 

{{ancora+|253|[[Aeneis/Liber I#253|253.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} id est talis, ut “hunc ego te Euryale aspicio”, id est talem. {{sc|'''pietatis'''}} superius ‘in te committere’ ait, ut peccato Aeneam et Troianos excuset; hic plus addit: non solum eos non esse malos, sed etiam pios esse. {{sc|'''honos'''}} cum secundum artem dicamus honor arbor lepor, plerumque poetae r in s mutant causa metri; os enim longa est, or brevis. hoc quidem habet ratio: sed ecce in hoc loco etiam sine metri necessitate ‘honos’ dixit. item Sallustius paene ubique ‘labos’ posuit, quem nulla necessitas coegit. melius tamen est seruire regulae. SIC NOS IN SCEPTRA REPONIS ‘sic’, hoc est per naufragia. ‘in sceptra’ aut ad imperia reservas, aut certe antiqua est licentia communium praepositionum. {{sc|'''in sceptra reponis'''}} id est restituis in regna quae amisimus. 

{{ancora+|254|[[Aeneis/Liber I#254|254.]]}} {{sc|'''olli'''}} modo ‘tunc’ propter sequentia. pronomen enim non debet poni cum nomine, sed pro ipso nomine, et nullus dicit ‘illi natae’. alias tamen ‘olli’ illi significat, ut “olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget somnus”. {{sc|'''svbridens'''}} laetum ostendit Iovem et talem qualis esse solet cum facit serenum; poetarum enim est elementorum habitum dare numinibus, ut supra de Neptuno dictum est. Ennius “Iuppiter hic risit tempestatesque serenae riserunt omnes risu Iovis omnipotentis”. aut certe risit intellegens Iunonis dolos oblique accusari a Venere, ut est ‘quae te, genitor, sententia uertit’ et ‘unius ob iram prodimur’, sicut alibi “atque dolis risit Cytherea repertis”. 

{{ancora+|255|[[Aeneis/Liber I#255|255.]]}} {{sc|'''vvltv qvo caelvm'''}}  ostendit sicut dictum est, cur subriserit Iuppiter. {{sc|'''serenat'''}} hoc uerbum de his est, quae carent prima positione: quod fit in his quae in nostra non sunt potestate, ut tono, fulmino, pluo. haec enim non possumus dicere, nisi forte persona inducatur eius qui potest, ut si tale aliquid Iuppiter dicat. 

{{ancora+|256|[[Aeneis/Liber I#256|256.]]}} {{sc|'''oscvla libavit'''}}  leviter tetigit. et sciendum osculum religionis esse, savium uoluptatis, quamuis quidam osculum filiis dari, uxori basium, scorto savium dicant. sane multi nolunt ita intellegi, ut summum osculum filiae dederit, id est non pressum, sed summa labella contingens, sed ita aiunt: tum hilarus Iuppiter uultus natae libavit, id est contigit, scilicet ut nos solemus cum blandimentis quibusdam sinistram maxillam contingere liberorum ac deinde ad os nostrum dextram referre. ergo ‘libavit’ merito, quia partem uultus, non totos contigerat, ut ‘oscula’ dixerit quasi minora et teneriora filiae ora, ut ora diminutive oscula; nam ora uultus dici, ut “intentique ora tenebant” et “sic ora ferebat”. ipse diminutive oscula dixit minores et teneros uultus “summaque per galeam delibans oscula fatur”. 

{{ancora+|257|[[Aeneis/Liber I#257|257.]]}} {{sc|'''parce metv'''}}  quotiens in causis arguimur, ante nos purgare debemus et sic ad actionem descendere: quod et hoc loco Iuppiter facit; ante enim obiecta purgat et sic venit ad promissionem. et est ‘parce metu’ elocutio usualis, id est dimitte metum, quomodo dicimus parce uerbis, parce iniuriis. alii ‘metu’ pro metui accipiunt, ablativum pro dativo; aut certe ideo metum aufert, ut animo securiore possit audire, ut alibi “soluite corde metum, Teucri”. {{sc|'''cytherea'''}} omnia quae apud Graecos ei diphthongon habent apud Latinos in e productum conuertuntur, ut g-Kuthereia Cytherea, g-Aineias Aeneas, g-Mehdeia Medea. omnia autem quae dicit Iuppiter ad solutionem pertinent antedictorum. nunc dicit ‘parce metu’, quia superius dixerat ‘tristior’; ‘manent inmota’, quia dixerat ‘quae te genitor sententia uertit?’ et simul per transitum dogma Stoicorum ostendit, nulla ratione posse fata mutari. sane servat et hic ordinem sicut in Aeoli oratione, ut statim promittat quod praestaturus est, ne auditor sit exspectatione suspensus. {{sc|'''tvorvm'''}} uel Troianorum uel Romanorum. 

{{ancora+|258|[[Aeneis/Liber I#258|258.]]}} {{sc|'''fata tibi'''}}  non propter te; fati enim immobilis ratio est. sed aut uacat ‘tibi’, ut “qui mihi accubantes in conuiviis”, aut certe tuta tibi sunt fata, non tamen propter te. {{sc|'''cernes vrbem'''}} aut Romam significat, quia cum proprietatem detrahimus, quod magnum est significamus, ut si dicas ‘legi oratorem’ nec addas quem, intellego Ciceronem; et ne longa sit exspectatio, adiecit ‘et promissa Lavini moenia’: aut certe detrahe ‘et’, sicut multi, et epexegesin facis ‘cernes urbem’, id est ‘promissa Lavini moenia’. uidetur autem figurate dictum ‘urbem’ et ‘moenia’, quia diversis idem significavit. 

{{ancora+|259|[[Aeneis/Liber I#259|259.]]}} {{sc|'''svblimemqve feres ad sidera caeli'''}}  propter illud ‘caeli quibus adnuis arcem’. Aeneas enim secundum quosdam in Numicum cecidit fluvium, secundum ovidium in caelum raptus est, appellatus tamen est Iuppiter indiges. Aeneas enim post errores VII. annorum cum ad Italiam pervenisset et, sicut historia habet, cognito quod Veneris filius, Troia profugus fatis iuvantibus ad Italiam venisset, ab Latino susceptus esset, filiam eius Lavinam duxit uxorem: quo dolore Turnus rex Rutulorum, qui ante Laviniam sperabat uxorem, et Latino et Aeneae bellum indixit. sed primo proelio Latinus est interemptus, secundo uero Aeneas Turnum occidit. ipse uero ut quidam dicunt cum Mezentium, ut quidam uero Messapum fugeret, in Numicum fluvium cecidit, ut uero ovidius refert in caelum raptus est, cuius corpus cum uictis a se Rutulis et Mezentio Ascanius requisitum non invenisset, in deorum numerum credidit relatum. itaque ei templum condidit et Iovem Indigetem appellavit. bene autem addidit ‘feres’, ut gratius esset quod per ipsam fieret. 

{{ancora+|260|[[Aeneis/Liber I#260|260.]]}} {{sc|'''magnanimvm'''}} magnus et paruus quoniam mensurae sunt, ad animum non nisi g-katachrehstikohs adhibentur. et bene hoc addidit, quasi dicat, quem tu miserum dicis, nos magnanimum, summum. NEQUE ME S- V- ad illud ‘quae te, genitor, sententia uertit’. 

{{ancora+|261|[[Aeneis/Liber I#261|261.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} id est Aeneas. et est ordo ‘hic bellum ingens geret Italia’. alii ‘hic’ pro ‘post haec quae dixi’ accipiunt, ut sit loci aduerbium pro temporis. {{sc|'''tibi fabor enim'''}} hoc loco excusat quaestionem futuram, quasi Veneri dolenti quae uera sunt dicat, sed aliter loquatur cunctis praesentibus dis: dicet enim in decimo “abnueram bello Italiam concurrere Teucris”. {{sc|'''qvando'''}} siquidem, quoniam. {{sc|'''remordet'''}} sollicitat. Terentius “par pari referto, quod eam remordeat”. 

{{ancora+|262|[[Aeneis/Liber I#262|262.]]}} {{sc|'''arcana'''}} secreta. unde et arca et arx dictae, quasi res secretae. 

{{ancora+|263|[[Aeneis/Liber I#263|263.]]}} {{sc|'''italia'''}} in Italia, et detraxit praepositionem more suo. sic et illo loco “non Libyae, non ante Tyro; despectus Hiarbas” id est in Tyro. nam si aduerbialiter uellet, Tyri diceret. {{sc|'''popvlosqve feroces contvndet'''}} incongruum fuerat in consolatione bella praedicere: ob hoc ergo etiam uictoriam pollicetur. 

{{ancora+|264|[[Aeneis/Liber I#264|264.]]}} {{sc|'''moresqve viris et moenia ponet'''}}  hysteroproteron in sensu; ante enim civitas, post iura conduntur. leges autem etiam mores dici non dubium est. 

{{ancora+|265|[[Aeneis/Liber I#265|265.]]}} {{sc|'''tertia dvm latio regnantem viderit aestas'''}}  rhetorice, ne breve esset si triennium diceret, tempora divisit in species. ordo autem est longissimus, nam aliter non procedit, ‘sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli magnanimum Aeneam, tertia dum Latio regnantem uiderit aestas’. ergo uidetur sic tacite mortem Aeneae significasse. ‘dum’ autem pro donec, ut “dum conderet urbem”, id est donec. quidam ideo bis annos ternos memorasse tradunt, ut tres annos solum Aeneam regnaturum significaret, quod cum Latino alios tres annos regnasse dicitur. 

{{ancora+|267|[[Aeneis/Liber I#267|267.]]}} {{sc|'''at pver ascanivs'''}}  prudenter exitum Aeneae et ostendit et tacuit dicendo filium postea regnaturum. aut quia maior cura Veneri de nepote ut in X- “liceat superesse nepotem” et iterum ibi “hunc tegere”. {{sc|'''cvi nvnc cognomen ivlo additvr'''}} secundum Catonem historiae hoc habet fides: Aeneam cum patre ad Italiam venisse et propter inuasos agros contra Latinum Turnumque pugnasse, in quo proelio periit Latinus. Turnum postea ad Mezentium confugisse eiusque fretum auxilio bella renovasse, quibus Aeneas Turnusque pariter rapti sunt. migrasse postea in Ascanium et Mezentium bella, sed eos singulari certamine dimicasse. et occiso Mezentio Ascanium sicut I. Caesar scribit Iulum coeptum uocari, uel quasi iobolon, id est sagittandi peritum, uel a prima barbae lanugine quam g-ioulon Graeci dicunt, quae ei tempore uictoriae nascebatur. sciendum est autem hunc primo Ascanium dictum a Phrygiae flumine Ascanio, ut est “transque sonantem Ascanium”; deinde Ilum dictum a rege Ilo, unde et Ilium, postea Iulum occiso Mezentio: de quibus nominibus hoc loco dicit ‘at puer Ascanius cui nunc cognomen Iulo additur, Ilus erat’. ab hac autem historia ita discedit Vergilius, ut aliquibus locis ostendat, non se per ignorantiam, sed per artem poeticam hoc fecisse, ut illo loco “quo magis Italia mecum laetere reperta”: ecce g-amphibolikohs dixit, ostendit tamen Anchisen ad Italiam pervenisse. sic autem omnia contra hanc historiam ficta sunt, ut illud ubi dicitur Aeneas uidisse Carthaginem, cum eam constet ante {{sc|'''lxx'''}} annos urbis Romae conditam. inter excidium uero Troiae et ortum urbis Romae anni inveniuntur CCCXL. {{sc|'''cognomen ivlo'''}} si proprie loqueretur, agnomen diceret, non cognomen, sed magis ad familiam respexit, quia omnis gens Iulia inde originem ducit. dicimus autem et nomen mihi est Cicero, ut “Hecyra est huic nomen fabulae”, et Ciceronis, ut Sallustius “cui nomen oblivionis condiderant”, et Ciceroni, ut “cui Remulo cognomen erat”, et Ciceronem, ut “Aeneadasque meo nomen de nomine fingo”. melius tamen est dativo uti. 

{{ancora+|268|[[Aeneis/Liber I#268|268.]]}} {{sc|'''ilvs erat'''}}  deest ‘qui’, debuit autem dicere ‘qui Ilus erat’. {{sc|'''ilia'''}} pro Iliensis, ut Plautus “Hector Ilius” pro Iliensis. et “Amphitryo, natus Argis ex Argo patre” id est Argivo. 

{{ancora+|269|[[Aeneis/Liber I#269|269.]]}} {{sc|'''triginta'''}} uel quod XXX- tantum annos regnavit, uel quod Cato ait, “XXX- annis expletis eum Albam condidisse”. {{sc|'''magnos orbes'''}} tria sunt genera annorum: aut enim lunaris annus est XXX- dierum, aut solstitialis XII- mensum, aut secundum Tullium magnus, qui tenet XIIDCCCCLIIII. annos, ut in Hortensio “horum annorum quos in fastis habemus magnus XIIDCCCCLIIII- amplectitur”. hoc ergo loco magnum dixit comparatione lunaris, et alibi “interea magnum sol circumuoluitur annum”. annus autem dictus quasi anus, id est anulus, quod in se redeat, ut est “atque in se sua per uestigia uoluitur annus”, uel g-apo g-tou g-ananeousthai, id est ab innovatione. {{sc|'''volvendis'''}} uolubilibus uel quia uoluuntur, ut supra. 

{{ancora+|270|[[Aeneis/Liber I#270|270.]]}} {{sc|'''a sede lavini transferet'''}}  uerum est: uitans enim novercalem inuidiam, quod timore Ascanii Lavinia post Aeneae mortem ad Tyrrhum paternum pastorem gravida confugit ad siluas, nam ibi etiam Siluium peperisse dicitur, deseruit Lavinium et Albam Longam condidit dictam ab omine albae porcae repertae uel situ civitatis. ad quam cum de Lavinio dii Penates translati nocte proxima Lavinium redissent, atque eos denuo Albam Ascanius transtulisset, et illi iterum redissent Lavinium, eos manere passus est, datis qui sacris praeessent agroque eis adsignato, quo se alerent. {{sc|'''vi'''}} modo uirtute, nam multa significat. {{sc|'''vi'''}} modo uirtute tei dunamei, alibi tei biai, ut est “auro ui potitur”, alias pro magna copia. Cicero in deorum natura “infinitamque uim marmoris”, Sallustius “magna uis hominum convenerat agris pulsa aut civitate eiecta”. et est sermo diversa significans, prout se locus obtulerit. 

{{ancora+|272|[[Aeneis/Liber I#272|272.]]}} {{sc|'''hinc iam'''}}  praeterea. si autem ‘hic iam’, in hoc scilicet loco. {{sc|'''ter centvm'''}} quomodo trecentos annos dicit, cum eam quadringentis regnasse constet sub Albanis regibus? sed cum praescriptione ait ‘tercentum’, scilicet usque ad ortum urbis Romae; ait namque ‘donec regina sacerdos Marte gravis’. et constat in regno Romuli et Numae et Tulli Hostilii qui evertit Albam centum annos, quibus pariter Roma et Alba regnarunt, esse consumptos. {{sc|'''totos'''}} id est sine intermissione. {{sc|'''regnabitvr'''}} impersonalibus usus est, quia de multis dicit, ut “usque adeo turbatur agris”. 

{{ancora+|273|[[Aeneis/Liber I#273|273.]]}} {{sc|'''gente svb hectorea'''}}  id est Troiana. sed debuit dicere ‘Aeneia’. diximus superius nomina poetas ex uicino usurpare. sed quidam reprehendunt, quod ‘Hectorea’ et non ‘Aeneia’. mos est poetis nomina ex uicinis usurpare, quia coniunctus genere Hectori Ascanius, ut est “et pater Aeneas, et avunculus excitat Hector”. alii tradunt, cum Hectoris progenies nulla in Italia fuerit, ideo ‘sub Hectorea’ positum, ut significaret sub forti, ut in quinto “Hectorei socii”. sed ex aliis rebus alia dat nomina, ut pios Aeneadas appellavit, ut timidos Phrygas, ut nobiles Dardanidas, ut periuros Laomedontiadas. ceterum ubi ueram originem significat “domus Assaraci” ponit, ex quo Capys, ex Capy Anchises, ex Anchise Aeneas. {{sc|'''donec regina sacerdos'''}} historia hoc habet. Amulius et Numitor fratres fuerunt. Amulius fratrem imperio pepulit et filium eius necavit, filiam uero Iliam Vestae sacerdotem fecit, ut spem subolis auferret, a qua se puniri posse cognoverat. hanc ut multi dicunt Mars compressit, unde nati sunt Remus et Romus, quos cum matre Amulius praecipitari iussit in Tiberim. tum ut quidam dicunt Iliam sibi Anien fecit uxorem, ut alii inter quos Horatius, Tiberis: unde ait “uxorius amnis”. pueri uero expositi ad uicinam ripam sunt. hos Faustus repperit pastor, cuius uxor erat nuper meretrix Acca Larentia, quae susceptos aluit pueros. hi postea avum suum Numitorem occiso Amulio in regna revocarunt. quibus dum cum eo angustum Albae uideretur imperium, recesserunt et captatis auguriis urbem condiderunt. sed Remus prior sex uultures uidit, Romus postea duodecim: quae res bellum creavit. in quo extinctus est Remus, et a Romi nomine Romani appellati. ut autem pro Romo Romulus diceretur, blandimenti genere factum est, quod gaudet diminutione. quod autem a lupa dicuntur alti, fabulosum figmentum est ad celandam auctorum Romani generis turpitudinem. nec incongrue fictum est; nam et meretrices lupas uocamus, unde et lupanaria. et constat hoc animal in tutela esse Martis. sed de origine et conditore urbis diversa a diversis traduntur. Clinias refert Telemachi filiam Romen nomine Aeneae nuptam fuisse, ex cuius uocabulo Romam appellatam. - - dicit Latinum ex Vlixe et Circe editum de nomine sororis suae mortuae Romen civitatem appellasse. Ateius adserit Romam ante aduentum evandri diu Valentiam uocitatam, sed post graeco nomine g-Romen uocitatam. alii a filia evandri ita dictam, alii a fatidica, quae praedixisset evandro his eum locis oportere considere. Heraclides ait Romen, nobilem captivam Troianam huc appulisse et taedio maris suasisse sedem, ex cuius nomine urbem uocatam. Eratosthenes Ascanii, Aeneae filii, Romulum parentem urbis refert. Naevius et Ennius Aeneae ex filia nepotem Romulum conditorem urbis tradunt. Sibylla ita dicit g-Rhomaioi, g-Rhomou g-paides. {{sc|'''regina'''}} regis filia. abusive ait more poetico, ut alibi “magnum reginae sed enim miseratus amorem”, id est regis filiae Pasiphaes. {{sc|'''sacerdos'''}} quia ab Amulio Vestae uirgo esse iussa est, ne ei propter edendam subolem facultas esset uiro iungi. 

{{ancora+|274|[[Aeneis/Liber I#274|274.]]}} {{sc|'''marte gravis'''}}  gravida, ut “non insueta gravis temptabunt pabula fetas”. 

{{ancora+|275|[[Aeneis/Liber I#275|275.]]}} {{sc|'''inde'''}} post, uel deinde, uel tunc, aduerbium loci pro temporis. {{sc|'''fvlvo tegmine'''}} id est pelle lupae, qua utebatur more pastorum. sed hoc multi reprehendunt, cur nutricis tegmine usus sit. qui gemina ratione refutantur: uel falsitate fabulae, uel exemplo Iovis, qui caprae nutricis utitur pelle, unde Graece g-aigiochos appellatur. sane ‘tegmine’ multi antique dictum asserunt, quia tegimentum dici debere affirmant. {{sc|'''laetvs'''}} uirtute alacer, uel quia avo regnum reddiderat, uel quia ipse novam urbem et novum condebat imperium. 

{{ancora+|276|[[Aeneis/Liber I#276|276.]]}} {{sc|'''excipiet gentem'''}}  Remo scilicet interempto, post cuius mortem natam constat pestilentiam: unde consulta oracula dixerunt placandos esse manes fratris extincti; ob quam rem sella curulis cum sceptro et corona et ceteris regni insignibus semper iuxta sancientem aliquid Romulum ponebatur, ut pariter imperare uiderentur. unde est “Remo cum fratre Quirinus iura dabunt”. 

{{ancora+|277|[[Aeneis/Liber I#277|277.]]}} {{sc|'''romanosqve svo de nomine dicet'''}}  perite non ait Romam, sed Romanos. urbis enim illius uerum nomen nemo uel in sacris enuntiat. denique tribunus plebei quidam Valerius Soranus, ut ait Varro et multi alii, hoc nomen ausus enuntiare, ut quidam dicunt raptus a senatu et in crucem levatus est, ut alii, metu supplicii fugit et in Sicilia comprehensus a praetore praecepto senatus occisus est. hoc autem urbis nomen ne Hyginus quidem cum de situ urbis loqueretur expressit. 

{{ancora+|278|[[Aeneis/Liber I#278|278.]]}} {{sc|'''nec metas rervm nec tempora pono'''}}  ‘metas’ ad terras rettulit, ‘tempora’ ad annos; Lavinio enim et Albae finem statuit, Romanis tribuit aeternitatem, quia subiunxit ‘imperium sine fine dedi’. 

{{ancora+|279|[[Aeneis/Liber I#279|279.]]}} {{sc|'''qvin'''}} quinetiam; minus enim est ‘etiam’. nam plenum est quinetiam, ut “quinetiam hiberno moliris sidere classem”. {{sc|'''aspera ivno'''}} tolerabilius hoc Iuppiter dicit. {{sc|'''aspera ivno'''}} uel quam tu asperam dicis, uel certe ut et ego fateor. 

{{ancora+|280|[[Aeneis/Liber I#280|280.]]}} {{sc|'''metv'''}} ut supra “id metuens”. {{sc|'''terras caelvmqve fatigat'''}} alibi “absumptae in Teucros uires caelique marisque”. QUAE MARE N- T- Q- M- C- Q- F- metu scilicet quem de Carthagine habet, ut supra “id metuens”, uel metu quo Troianos terret et Venerem. nam dicit ‘parce metu Cytherea’. ‘mare’ autem ‘t- c- q- f-’ alibi ostendit dicendo “absumptae in Teucros uires caelique marisque”. ‘fatigat’ uero pro exercet, sollicitat, commovet. 

{{ancora+|281|[[Aeneis/Liber I#281|281.]]}} {{sc|'''consilia in melivs referet'''}}  quia bello Punico secundo ut ait Ennius placata Iuno coepit favere Romanis. {{sc|'''in melivs'''}} eis to kreitton. et est Latinior elocutio: Sallustius “ad mutandum modo in melius seruitium”. {{sc|'''mecvmqve fovebit'''}} id est eadem quae ego sentiens, eadem quae ego uolens, uel ut quidam uolunt mecum in Capitolio constituta. 

{{ancora+|282|[[Aeneis/Liber I#282|282.]]}} {{sc|'''gentemqve togatam'''}}  bene ‘gentem’, quia et sexus omnis et condicio toga utebatur, sed serui nec colobia nec calceos habebant. togas autem etiam feminas habuisse, cycladum et recini usus ostendit. recinus autem dicitur ab eo, quod post tergum reicitur, quod uulgo maforte dicunt. 

{{ancora+|283|[[Aeneis/Liber I#283|283.]]}} {{sc|'''sic placitvm'''}}  uel fatis uel mihi; nam inpersonale est. {{sc|'''lvstris'''}} quinquenniis. et bene olympiadibus computat tempora, quod magis ad Iovem pertinet, quia nondum erant uel Roma uel consules. lustrum autem dictum, quod post quinquennium unaquaeque civitas lustrabatur. unde Romae ambilustrum, quod non licebat nisi ambos censores post quinquennium lustrare civitatem. {{sc|'''aetas'''}} iuxta ueteres aetas hic pro tempore posita est, alibi pro modo annorum, ut est “ubi iam firmata uirum te fecerit aetas” et “aetas Lucinam iustosque pati hymenaeos”. 

{{ancora+|284|[[Aeneis/Liber I#284|284.]]}} {{sc|'''domvs assaraci'''}}  id est familia Troiana, et est a parte totum; nam Assaracus Capyn genuit, Capys Anchisen, unde Aeneas, auctor Romani generis: ex quibus Mummius, qui Achaiam uicit. {{sc|'''pthiam'''}} achillis patriam. {{sc|'''mycenas'''}} agamemnonis patriam, ut “Agamemnoniasque Mycenas”. 

{{ancora+|286|[[Aeneis/Liber I#286|286.]]}} {{sc|'''nascetvr'''}} ad illud respondet ‘certe hinc Romanos olim’ et omnis poetae intentio, ut in qualitate carminis diximus, ad laudem tendit Augusti, sicut et in sexti catalogo et in clipei descriptione. haec autem Iovis allocutio partim obiecta purgat partim aliquid pollicetur. {{sc|'''pvlchra'''}} allusit propter Venerem. {{sc|'''troianvs'''}} ac si diceret, etiam Caesar Troianus est. {{sc|'''caesar'''}} hic est, qui dictus est Gaius Iulius Caesar. Gaius praenomen est, Iulius ab Iulo, Caesar uel quod caeso matris uentre natus est, uel quod avus eius in Africa manu propria occidit elephantem, qui caesa dicitur lingua Poenorum. hic sane Gaius Iulius Caesar quattuor et sexaginta uictis Galliarum civitatibus cum a senatu petisset consulatum et triumphum nec impetrasset aduersante Cn. Pompeio magno eiusque amicis, qui Caesaris processibus inuidebant, bellum civile gessit in Farsalia, quo Pompeius uictus Alexandriae occiditur. Caesar Romam compositis rebus et Alexandria debellata reversus in curia Pompeiana a Cassio et Bruto aliisque Pompeianis occisus est. cuius heres Augustus cum intrasset urbem coegit a senatu interfectores Caesaris parricidas et hostes iudicari, eumque in deorum numerum referri et divum appellari. 

{{ancora+|287|[[Aeneis/Liber I#287|287.]]}} {{sc|'''imperivm oceano'''}} , {{sc|'''famam qvi terminet astris'''}} aut ad laudem dictum est, aut certe secundum historiam. re uera enim et Britannos qui in oceano sunt uicit, et post mortem eius cum ludi funebres ab Augusto eius adoptivo filio darentur, stella medio die uisa est, unde est “ecce Dionaei processit Caesaris astrum”. {{sc|'''a magno'''}} sicut Alexander, sicut Pompeius. Graeci enim omne magnificum magnum, ut mater magna et dii magni. 

{{ancora+|288|[[Aeneis/Liber I#288|288.]]}} {{sc|'''olim'''}} modo futuri temporis est. {{sc|'''caelo'''}} in caelum. {{sc|'''spoliis orientis'''}} uicto Pharnace Mithridatis filio, qui re uera in oriente fuit. ceterum Aegyptus, in qua Ptolomaeum uicit, in australi est plaga. 

{{ancora+|289|[[Aeneis/Liber I#289|289.]]}} {{sc|'''honvstvm'''}} inter honustum et oneratum hoc interest, quod oneratus est qualicumque pressus pondere, honustus uero cui onus ipsum honori est, ut si quis spolia hostium ferat. sed oneratus aspirationem non habet, quia ab onere venit, honustus uero, quia etiam ab honore descendit, retinet aspirationem. alii ‘honestum’ legunt; ueteres enim honestum pro specioso ponebant, ut “Dardanius caput ecce puer detectus honestum”. 

{{ancora+|290|[[Aeneis/Liber I#290|290.]]}} {{sc|'''accipies secvra'''}}  quia post mortem Caesar meruit aram, fastigium, flaminem, ut Cicero in Philippicis. {{sc|'''secvra'''}} quare ‘secura’? quia nunc sollicita. {{sc|'''hic qvoqve'''}} potest intellegi sicut Romulus, sed melius sicut Aeneas, de quo superius ait ‘sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli’. ‘quoque’ autem semper ad similitudinem ponit, ut “tu quoque litoribus nostris”. {{sc|'''hic qvoqve'''}} sicut ego, sicut tu. {{sc|'''votis'''}} uel ad uota uel uotis uocabitur. 

{{ancora+|291|[[Aeneis/Liber I#291|291.]]}} {{sc|'''aspera tvnc'''}}  id est Caesare consecrato cum Augustus regnare coeperit, clauso Iani templo, pax erit per orbem. constat autem templum hoc ter esse clausum: primum regnante Numa, item post bellum Punicum secundum, tertio post bella Actiaca quae confecit Augustus: quo tempore pax quidem fuit quantum ad exteras pertinet gentes, sed bella flagravere civilia, quod et ipse per transitum tangit dicens ‘Furor impius intus’. huius autem aperiendi uel claudendi templi ratio uaria est. alii dicunt Romulo contra Sabinos pugnante, cum in eo esset ut uinceretur, calidam aquam ex eodem loco erupisse, quae fugavit exercitum Sabinorum: hinc ergo tractum morem, ut pugnaturi aperirent templum, quod in eo loco fuerat constitutum, quasi ad spem pristini auxilii. alii dicunt Tatium et Romulum facto foedere hoc templum aedificasse, unde et Ianus ipse duas facies habet, quasi ut ostendat duorum regum coitionem. uel quod ad bellum ituri debent de pace cogitare. est alia melior ratio, quod ad proelium ituri optent reversionem. 

{{ancora+|292|[[Aeneis/Liber I#292|292.]]}} {{sc|'''cana fides et vesta'''}}  subaudis ‘erit’. canam autem Fidem dixit, uel quod in canis hominibus invenitur, uel quod ei albo panno inuoluta manu sacrificatur, per quod ostenditur fidem debere esse secretam: unde et Horatius “et albo rara Fides colit uelata panno”. Vesta uero pro religione, quia nullum sacrificium sine igne est, unde et ipsa et Ianus in omnibus sacrificiis inuocantur. Vesta autem dicta uel g-apo g-tehs g-hestias, ut digammos sit adiecta, sicut g-ehr uer, g-Enetos Venetus, uel quod uariis uestita sit rebus. ipsa enim esse dicitur terra, quam ignem habere non dubium est, ut ex Aetna Vulcanoque et aliis locis ardentibus datur intellegi. {{sc|'''remo cvm fratre qvirinvs ivra dabvnt'''}} hic dissimulat de parricidio, quod et iungit eos, et quia non Romulum, sed Quirinum appellat, ut non potuerit parricidium facere qui meruerit deus fieri. {{sc|'''remo cvm fratre qvirinvs ivra dabvnt'''}} multi sic intellegere uolunt ut superius diximus, quia post pestilentiam ad placandos fratris manes geminis omnibus usus est Romulus: unde est “uiden ut geminae stent uertice cristae?” sed hoc esse non potest, quia iteratio est ante dictorum aut ordo praeposterus, si post dictum Caesarem Romulum repetit. constat praeterea Iani templum patuisse sub Romulo, quia bellis numquam uacavit. alii uolunt per hos Romanos intellegi. uera tamen hoc habet ratio, Quirinum Augustum esse, Remum uero pro Agrippa positum, qui filiam Augusti duxit uxorem, et cum eo pariter bella tractavit: unde est “parte alia dis et uentis Agrippa secundis”. nam adulans populus Romanus Octaviano tria obtulit nomina, utrum uellet Quirinus, an Caesar, an Augustus uocari. ille ne unum eligendo partem laederet quae aliud offerre cupiebat, diverso tempore omnibus usus est, et primo Quirinus dictus est, inde Caesar, postea quod et obtinuit Augustus, sicut Suetonius probat et in georgicis ostendit Vergilius. nam cum de Gangaridum uictoria diceret, qui iuxta Gangen sunt quique ab Augusto uicti sunt, ait “uictorisque arma Quirini”. ut autem pro Agrippa Remum poneret, poetico usus est more; nam nomen ex uicino sumpsit. hoc ergo dicit, cum coeperit Iulius Caesar caelum tenere patratis omnibus bellis, iura dabunt Augustus et Agrippa. Romulus autem ideo Quirinus dictus est, uel quod hasta utebatur, quae Sabinorum lingua curis dicitur: hasta enim, id est curis, telum longum est, unde et securis quasi semicuris: uel a g-koiranos qui Graece rex dicitur: constat autem Graecos fuisse Romanos: uel propter generis nobilitatem; Mars enim cum saevit Gradivus dicitur, cum tranquillus est Quirinus. denique in urbe duo eius templa sunt: unum Quirini intra urbem, quasi custodis et tranquilli, aliud in Appia uia extra urbem prope portam, quasi bellatoris, id est Gradivi. 

{{ancora+|293|[[Aeneis/Liber I#293|293.]]}} {{sc|'''dirae'''}} cum apertae sunt. {{sc|'''dirae'''}} hoc est abominandae, alias ‘dirae’ magnae “an sua cuique deus fit dira cupido” et “iam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes dira loci” et “dicuntur geminae pestes cognomine Dirae”. {{sc|'''compagibvs'''}} ambages et compages antiqui tantum dicebant, posteritas admisit ut etiam compago dicatur: sed non quia uarius esse potest nominativus, debet etiam declinatio mutari, quemadmodum nec in istis nominibus arbor arbos, uomer uomis; nam et uomeris et arboris tantum facit. ergo compages compagis, quoniam compago usurpatum est; compaginis enim nemo penitus dicit. 

{{ancora+|294|[[Aeneis/Liber I#294|294.]]}} {{sc|'''belli portae'''}}  Iani gemini, quae bello aperiebantur, pace claudebantur. ideo autem Ianus belli tempore patefiebat, ut eiusdem conspectus per bellum pateret, in cuius potestate esset exitus reditusque; id enim ipsa significat eius effigies, praebentis se euntibus et redeuntibus ducem. hunc autem olim Numa Pompilius fecit, cuius portas regni tempore clausit. {{sc|'''fvror impivs intvs'''}} ut superius diximus propter bella civilia, quae gesta sunt contra Brutum et Cassium ab Augusto in Philippis, contra Sextum Pompeium ab Augusto in Sicilia. aut sicut quidam tradunt {{sc|'''fvror impivs intvs'''}} non in aede Iani, sed in alia in foro Augusti introeuntibus ad sinistram, fuit bellum pictum et furor sedens super arma devinctus eo habitu quo poeta dixit. 

{{ancora+|295|[[Aeneis/Liber I#295|295.]]}} {{sc|'''saeva sedens svper arma'''}}  secundum antiquam licentiam. sciendum tamen est hodie ‘in’ et ‘sub’ tantum communes esse praepositiones. ceterum ‘super’ et ‘subter’ iam accusativae sunt, sicut ‘clam’ et ‘post’, quae ante communes fuerunt: nunc in his mutata natura est. ergo {{sc|'''svper'''}} pro supra. et nunc haec praepositio accusativo seruit, ubi uero ‘de’ significat, ablativo. {{sc|'''aenis nodis'''}} non centum nodis, sed catenis, quas circumlocutione significavit, quia sunt catenae nodi plures. quidam ‘aeneis’ pro ferreis tradunt, ut “micat aereus ensis”: et “aerea quem obliquum rota transit”. 

{{ancora+|297|[[Aeneis/Liber I#297|297.]]}} {{sc|'''et maia genitvm'''}}  Mercurium. et est periphrasis. Cicero in libris de deorum natura plures dicit esse Mercurios: sed in deorum ratione fabulae sequendae sunt, nam ueritas ignoratur. simul allusit poeta, quia per caduceatores, id est internuntios, pax solet fieri. {{sc|'''maia genitvm demittit ab alto'''}} quod deo opus erat, ut hostes Poeni auctori Romani nominis placarentur Aeneae. quidam sane quattuor Mercurios dicunt: unum Iovis et Maiae filium, alterum Caeli et Diei, tertium Liberi et Proserpinae, quartum Iovis et Cyllenes, a quo Argus occisus est, quem ipsum ob hanc causam Graecia profugum Aegyptiis litteras demonstrasse perhibent. 

{{ancora+|298|[[Aeneis/Liber I#298|298.]]}} {{sc|'''vt terrae'''}}  propter illud quod sequitur “hospitio prohibemur harenae”. {{sc|'''pateant'''}} propter illud “cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis”. non nulli sane ‘pateant’ pacatae sint accipiunt, ut Sallustius “simul immanis hominum uis multis e locis inuasere patentes tum et pacis modo effusas”; hic enim habitus pacis. et in Catilina “cuncta maria terraeque patebant”. sic enim contra cum dicitur ‘clausa omnia’ bellum significatur, ut ipse “quae moenia clausis ferrum acuant portis”. 

{{ancora+|299|[[Aeneis/Liber I#299|299.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitio'''}} ad hospitium. {{sc|'''ne fati nescia dido'''}} non sui: nam si sciret exitum suum, multo magis uetaret: sed ‘fati’ dixit uoluntatis Iovis, sicut “fatis Iunonis iniquae”. aut certe fati Troianorum, qui non sponte, sed necessitate ad Africam venerant, quod utique ignorabat Dido. illo enim tempore inuadendarum terrarum causa fuerat navigatio, ut Sallustius meminit, facili tum mutatione sedum: quod etiam excusant Troiani “non nos aut ferro Libycos populare penates venimus”. ergo hoc agitur, ut discat Dido eos ad Italiam tendere. quomodo ergo se iungit Aeneae? sed furoris illud est, non consilii. nam nec sacerdotibus haec dicentibus credidit. unde est “quid uota furentem, quid delubra iuvant?” 

{{ancora+|300|[[Aeneis/Liber I#300|300.]]}} {{sc|'''volat ille per aera'''}}  similis hic festinatio Mercurii est, ut supra Neptuni. in quarto et “talaria nectit” et “uirgam capit” et plus moratur. 

{{ancora+|301|[[Aeneis/Liber I#301|301.]]}} {{sc|'''remigio alarvm'''}}  translatio reciproca, ut supra diximus; nam alibi “uelorum pandimus alas”. {{sc|'''citvs'''}} pro cito, aduerbium temporis in nomen deflexum. et bene hoc de Mercurio; cum enim alia signa tarde ad ortus suos recurrant, Mercurius octavo decimo die in ortu suo invenitur. {{sc|'''poeni'''}} antistoichon est quasi phoeni. 

{{ancora+|303|[[Aeneis/Liber I#303|303.]]}} {{sc|'''volente deo'''}}  Mercurio uel Iove. {{sc|'''in primis'''}} praecipue. 

{{ancora+|304|[[Aeneis/Liber I#304|304.]]}} {{sc|'''in tevcros'''}}  pro Teucris, ut diximus. alibi ‘in Teucros’ aduersum Teucros, ut “absumptae in Teucros uires”. 

{{ancora+|305|[[Aeneis/Liber I#305|305.]]}} {{sc|'''at pivs aeneas'''}}  filium Aeneas sacrorum omnium docetur, ex cuius persona latenter quae ad caeremonias ueteres pertinent saepe monstrantur. hic ergo deus apicis, quod insigne flaminum fuit, de quo loco suo in quarto libro dictum est. uult ostendere igitur, flamini extra medium pomerium post solis occasum apicem ponere non licere. Aeneas ergo hic ad Carthaginis litus adpulsus ostenditur sine apice fuisse, id est nudo capite. nam cum ait ‘at pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima uoluens, ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque explorare novos, quas uento accesserit oras, qui teneant, nam inculta uidet, hominesne feraene’ manifeste longius ab urbe intellegitur; unde animaduertendum est extra pomerium fuisse, nam in subsequentibus ostenditur, eum extra pomerium fuisse, cum ait Venus “et qua te ducit uia, dirige gressum”. nam et augurium ei in finibus pomerii ostensum est. quod et ipsum Aeneam respondentem signatius declarat sine apice fuisse; timentem enim, ne piaculum incurreret, si cum solis occasum nudo capite, id est sine apice inveniretur, ita loquentem fecit “et uacet annales nostrorum audire laborum, ante diem clauso componet Vesper Olympo”; uerebatur enim solis occasum. nudo autem capite ibi fuisse ostenditur, ubi ait “restitit Aeneas claraque in luce refulsit, os umerosque deo similis; namque ipsa decoram caesariem nato genetrix lumenque iuventae purpureum et laetos oculis adflarat honores”; neque enim caesariem dicere debuisset, nisi quia nudo capite incedebat Aeneas. sed haec Vergilio et his similia sufficiunt ad indicandum omnium disciplinarum scientiam narrantem aliud ponere, neque propositum habet talia plenius exsequi. {{sc|'''per noctem'''}} decet enim pro cunctis regem esse sollicitum. et bene ‘per noctem’, ne a sociis quos ipse consolatus erat uideretur per diem maerens. 

{{ancora+|306|[[Aeneis/Liber I#306|306.]]}} {{sc|'''alma'''}} alma lux dicta, quod alat universa, unde et “alma Ceres”, quod nos alat; nam physici dicunt omnia per diem crescere. quomodo ergo Vergilius ait “exigua tantum gelidus ros nocte reponet”? sed hoc pro miraculo positum est, ut etiam Plinius sentit. {{sc|'''locos'''}} et locos et loca dicimus, cum in numero singulari locus tantum dicamus. simile est et iocus, nam et ioca facit et ioci, ut “ioca atque seria cum humillimis exercere” et “quam multa ioca solent esse in epistolis” et “tum iuvenes agitare iocos”. 

{{ancora+|307|[[Aeneis/Liber I#307|307.]]}} {{sc|'''qvas vento accesserit oras'''}}  diximus superius figuram fieri, cum praepositio detracta nomini uerbo copulatur, et plerumque eam suam retinere naturam plerumque conuertere. hoc igitur sciendum est, quia, cum casum suum retinet, hysterologia est, ut hoc loco; cum autem mutat, figura est, ut “Cumarum adlabitur oris”; ‘oris’ enim pro oras posuit. plerumque tamen etiam superfluas ponunt praepositiones. {{sc|'''qvas vento accesserit oras'''}} sine praepositione. Sallustius “genua patrum aduoluuntur”. 

{{ancora+|308|[[Aeneis/Liber I#308|308.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi teneant'''}}  iure dubitat, cum omnia cernat inculta. est autem ordo ‘qui teneant, hominesne feraene’; media per parenthesin dicta sunt. {{sc|'''exacta'''}} exquisita. et ostendit providum regem per se curantem commoda sociorum. 

{{ancora+|310|[[Aeneis/Liber I#310|310.]]}} {{sc|'''in convexo nemorvm'''}}  prooeconomia est ad causam pertinens. non enim tenebitur ab Afris, ut Ilionei, et qui cum ipso supervenerant. ‘conuexo’ autem curuo, unde et conuexum dicitur caelum. sane subaudimus ‘loco’, ut alibi “castrorum et campi medio”, id est spatio. ‘nemorum’ autem modo siluarum. interest autem inter nemus et siluam et lucum; lucus enim est arborum multitudo cum religione, nemus uero composita multitudo arborum, silua diffusa et inculta. {{sc|'''svb rvpe cavata'''}} periphrasis est speluncae. 

{{ancora+|311|[[Aeneis/Liber I#311|311.]]}} {{sc|'''arboribvs atqve horrentibvs vmbris'''}}  umbris arborum, quo modo “molemque et montes”. aut certe arboribus et umbris speluncae. et bene ostendit omnia curuis adlata navibus non quae venerant cum Aenea. ‘clausam’ autem ‘occulit’ occulit et clausit. 

{{ancora+|312|[[Aeneis/Liber I#312|312.]]}} {{sc|'''comitatvs achate'''}}  bene ostendit Aeneam esse fortissimum nec quidquam timere dicendo ‘uno graditur comitatus Achate’. et diximus quaeri, cur Achates Aeneae sit comes. uaria quidem dicuntur, melius tamen hoc fingitur, ut tractum nomen sit a Graeca etymologia. g-achos enim dicitur sollicitudo, quae regum semper est comes. 

{{ancora+|313|[[Aeneis/Liber I#313|313.]]}} {{sc|'''bina'''}} si ad utrumque referas, bene dixit ‘bina’, si ad Aeneam tantum, antiquus mos est, ut supra diximus, bina pro duobus poni, sicut et duplices. {{sc|'''lato ferro'''}} id est lati ferri, ut “pulchra prole”. 

{{ancora+|314|[[Aeneis/Liber I#314|314.]]}} {{sc|'''media sese tvlit obvia silva'''}}  quam Graeci g-hulen uocant poetae nominant siluam, id est elementorum congeriem, unde cuncta procreantur. et multi uolunt Aeneam in horoscopo Virginem, ibi etiam Venerem habuisse. bene ergo in media silua uirginis habitu ei Venerem poeta facit occurrere, quia ut supra diximus Venere in Virgine constituta et misericordes procreantur feminae et uiri per mulierem felices futuri, ut probamus in Aenea, quoniam misericordia Didonis servatur. 

{{ancora+|315|[[Aeneis/Liber I#315|315.]]}} {{sc|'''virginis os habitvmqve gerens'''}}  uultum et amictum. habitus apud ueteres dicebatur tam corporis quam eorum quae praeter corpus sunt. et bene ‘gerens’, non ‘habens’, quod geri putantur aliena. 

{{ancora+|316|[[Aeneis/Liber I#316|316.]]}} {{sc|'''spartanae'''}} Lacaenae. Sparta enim civitas est Laconicae, ubi sunt puellae venatrices. redditur autem causa, uirgo cur sit in siluis, scilicet propter venatum. {{sc|'''threissa'''}} thracia. et est solutio; nam Thressa facit, sicut “Cressa genus Pholoe”. veniunt autem ab eo quod est Threx et Cres. ut autem Creissa non faciat illud est, quia g-Krehssa per e simpliciter scribitur nec potest recipere solutionem, g-Thraissa uero per ai diphthongon, unde et resoluitur. {{sc|'''fatigat'''}} suo scilicet cursu. sane quidam ‘fatigat’ pro fatigavit accipiunt, praesens pro praeterito, sicut et ‘praevertitur’ pro praeversa est. 

{{ancora+|317|[[Aeneis/Liber I#317|317.]]}} {{sc|'''harpalyce'''}} haec est quae patrem senem captum a Getis multitudine collecta liberavit celerius, quam de femina potest credi: unde et flumina dicitur celeritate transisse. multum autem epitheton fluminis eius addidit laudi. {{sc|'''harpalyce'''}} quidam a patre Harpalyco, qui rex Amymoniorum Thraciae gentis fuit, ita nutritam dicunt, ut ipse Camillam a Metabo facit. haec patre propter ferociam a civibus pulso ac postea occiso, fugit in siluas et venatibus latrociniisque uivendo ita efferata est et huius uelocitatis et exercitii facta est, ut subito ad uicina stabula coacta inopia decurreret et rapto pecorum fetu insequentes etiam equites in celeritate uitaret. sed quodam tempore positis ad insidias cervarum plagis capta et occisa est. cuius mortem nobilitavit eorum exitus, qui eam occiderunt; statim enim in uicinia orta contentio est, cuius fuisset haedus quem Harpalyce rapuerat, ita ut gravi certamine non sine plurimis mortibus dimicaretur. postea consuetudo servata est, ut ad tumulum uirginis populi convenirent et propter expiationem per imaginem pugnae concurrerent. quidam hanc patrem a Getis, ut alii uolunt a Myrmidonibus captum collecta multitudine adserunt liberavisse celerius, quam de femina credi potest: unde et flumina dicitur celeritate transisse. {{sc|'''volvcrem hebrvm'''}} multum quidem laudis flumini epitheto addidit: sed falsum est; nam est quietissimus etiam cum per hiemem crescit. est autem in Thracia ante muros Cypselae civitatis, de locis superis Thraciae veniens; dictus autem Hebrus ab Hebro Hemi et Rhodopes filio. {{sc|'''praevertitvr'''}} id est transit. dicimus autem et praevertit et praevertitur nova ratione. nam passiva declinatione utimur in activa significatione, ut hoc loco; praevertimur enim cum ipsi praeimus. cum autem activa declinatio est passivam habet significationem, ut ‘ille me praevertit’. alii ‘praevertitur’ sic positum uolunt, ut “bellantur Amazones” pro praevertit et bellant. 

{{ancora+|318|[[Aeneis/Liber I#318|318.]]}} {{sc|'''namqve vmeris de more'''}}  ut ostendatur esse venatrix. de more venantum scilicet. {{sc|'''habilem'''}} aptum sexui. unusquisque enim arcum habet pro uiribus suis. {{sc|'''venatrix'''}} similis venatrici, id est quasi venatrix, ut “at medias inter caedes exultat Amazon”. {{sc|'''comam diffvndere'''}} ut diffunderetur. Graeca autem figura est. sic alibi “et argenti magnum dat ferre talentum” et “tu das epulis accumbere divum”: unde ‘da bibere’ usus obtinuit, quod facere non debemus, ne duo uerba iungamus, nisi in poemate. 

{{ancora+|320|[[Aeneis/Liber I#320|320.]]}} {{sc|'''nvda genv'''}}  nudum genu habens, ut si dicas ‘bonus animum’. et est Graeca figura, sed non ea quam diximus fieri per participium praeteriti temporis et casum accusativum; haec enim per nomen fit: quamuis ad unam significationem recurrant. {{sc|'''sinvs collecta'''}} ut “oculos suffusa”. 

{{ancora+|321|[[Aeneis/Liber I#321|321.]]}} {{sc|'''ac prior'''}}  paulo post sequitur ‘inquit’. {{sc|'''hevs'''}} nunc aduerbium uocantis est, alias interiectio dolentis, ut “heus etiam mensas consumimus, inquit Iulus”. 

{{ancora+|322|[[Aeneis/Liber I#322|322.]]}} {{sc|'''errantem'''}} inuestigantem, quia venatores cum uestigant quasi uidentur errare. {{sc|'''sororvm'''}} non tamquam nota sit illis soror, sed ut est in consuetudine. 

{{ancora+|323|[[Aeneis/Liber I#323|323.]]}} {{sc|'''svccinctam'''}} instructam, uel ut alii dicunt in cingulo habentem pharetram, ut plerique. {{sc|'''macvlosae lyncis'''}} epitheta tribus modis ponuntur, aut laudandi aut demonstrandi aut uituperandi. hic ‘maculosae’ demonstrandi est. sane Lyncus rex Scythiae fuit, qui missum a Cerere Triptolemum, ut hominibus frumenta monstraret, susceptum hospitio, ut in se gloria tanta migraret, interimere cogitavit. ob quam rem irata Ceres eum conuertit in lyncem, feram uarii coloris, ut ipse uariae mentis extiterat. et erit nominativus haec lynx, ut Pan Tros, quae in genetivo una syllaba crescunt. 

{{ancora+|324|[[Aeneis/Liber I#324|324.]]}} {{sc|'''spvmantis'''}} id est spumosi, participium loco nominis positum. {{sc|'''cvrsvm clamore prementem'''}} plerumque duo diversa in unum exitum cadunt, licet contraria significent, ut hoc loco. ‘uidistis’ enim etiam ad uocem pertinet, quod etiam ex Aeneae responsione colligitur. {{sc|'''prementem'''}} insequentem, ut ipse alibi “ingentem clamore premes ad retia ceruum”. 

{{ancora+|325|[[Aeneis/Liber I#325|325.]]}} {{sc|'''orsvs'''}} nunc coepit, alias finiit, ut “sic Iuppiter orsus”. sed illic proprie posuit, hic usurpatum est; praeteritum enim est participium. 

{{ancora+|326|[[Aeneis/Liber I#326|326.]]}} {{sc|'''avdita neqve visa'''}}  hinc probatur quia superius haec interrogaverat Venus. sane quidam ‘audita’ ad illud responsum uolunt ‘clamore prementem’; ⟨ut⟩ ad ‘uidistis si quam’ ‘neque uisa’ responderit. 

{{ancora+|327|[[Aeneis/Liber I#327|327.]]}} {{sc|'''o qvam te'''}}  quae dea sit dubitat, nam deam esse confidit. ergo hic o dubitativa, alias optativa. “adsis, o Tegeaee, favens”. 

{{ancora+|328|[[Aeneis/Liber I#328|328.]]}} {{sc|'''vox hominem sonat'''}}  Graeca figura est. {{sc|'''o dea certe'''}} hic o distinguendum, ut post inferat ‘dea certe’ confirmans opinionem suam. et conclusio est syllogismi, qui constat ex propositione, adsumptione, conclusione. nam si nec uox nec uultus mortales sunt, restat ut dea sit. 

{{ancora+|329|[[Aeneis/Liber I#329|329.]]}} {{sc|'''an phoebi soror'''}}  Diana; nam venatrix est. bene autem suspicatur pro loco et qualitate habitus personaeque. perite autem poeta dicendo ‘an Phoebi soror’ uidetur de nomine Apollinis dubitare. constat enim hunc deum a diversis gentibus uel civitatibus diversis nominibus appellari secundum genera beneficiorum, quae uario divinitatis genere praestare consuevit. cui deo sagittas datas uolunt, quia ut uis morbi ita hoc telum sit occultum. hunc tamen deum et ad uberum custodiam et ad divinationem et ad medicinam et ad res urbanas, quae placidae sunt, et ad bella pertinere longinqua: cui laurum ideo sacratam, quia haec arbor suffimentis purgationibusque adhibeatur, ut ostendatur nullum templum eius nisi purum ingredi debere. cautum enim est, ne sacerdos eius domum ingrediatur, in qua ante quintam diem funus fuerit. quidam tamen ‘an’ pro sive antique dictum uolunt. non nulli coniunctionem mutatam adserunt pro ‘aut Phoebi soror aut Nympharum sanguinis una’. alii ‘an’ coniunctionem disiunctivam uolunt, ut Sallustius “perrexere in Hispaniam, an Sardiniam”. {{sc|'''an nympharvm sangvinis'''}} generis. 

{{ancora+|330|[[Aeneis/Liber I#330|330.]]}} {{sc|'''sis felix'''}}  propitia. felix enim dicitur et qui habet felicitatem et qui facit esse felicem, ut in bucolicis “sis bonus o felixque tuis”. unde et contra Iuno in septimo dicit “quae potui infelix”, id est aduersa Troianis. {{sc|'''sis felix'''}} hoc est felicitatem praestes uel felix mihi. e contrario “et monstrum infelix “et “infelix uates”. {{sc|'''leves'''}} levem facias, ut “levat ipse tridenti”. {{sc|'''qvaecvmqve'''}} seu Diana, seu nympha. 

{{ancora+|331|[[Aeneis/Liber I#331|331.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo svb caelo'''}}  aut sub qua parte caeli, aut secundum Epicureos dixit, qui plures uolunt esse caelos, ut Cicero in Hortensio. {{sc|'''tandem'''}} hoc loco uacat ‘tandem’. sciendum sane multas particulas ad ornatum pertinere tantummodo, ut puta ‘dum’ ‘gentium’ ‘locorum’ ‘terrarum’. aut ‘tandem doceas’, quia uix hoc quoque contigit. aut ‘tandem’ pro expletiva particula est. 

{{ancora+|332|[[Aeneis/Liber I#332|332.]]}} {{sc|'''hominvmqve locorvmqve'''}}  g-hupermetros uersus, unam enim plus habet syllabam: qui quotiens fit, debet sequens uersus a uocali incipere, ut hoc loco, item “omnia Mercurio similis, uocemque coloremque et crines flavos”; nisi forte synizesis fiat in fine, id est uocalium collisio, ut est “nec cura peculi”. hic enim non est necesse ut sequens uersus a uocali incipiat. 

{{ancora+|334|[[Aeneis/Liber I#334|334.]]}} {{sc|'''hostia dextra'''}}  hostiae dicuntur sacrificia quae ab his fiunt qui in hostem pergunt, uictimae uero sacrificia quae post uictoriam fiunt. sed haec licenter confundit auctoritas. 

{{ancora+|335|[[Aeneis/Liber I#335|335.]]}} {{sc|'''eqvidem'''}} nunc ‘ego quidem’ significat, alias expletiva particula est. {{sc|'''tali me dignor honore'''}} id est sacrificio. et aut uult se probare non numen, sed uirginem Tyriam; aut certe quia Paphiae Veneri quae Cypri colitur, ture tantum sacrificatur et floribus; quia ait “ubi templum illi centumque Sabaeo thure calent arae, sertisque recentibus halant”. HAVD EQUIDEM T- M- D- H- ideo non amplectitur sacrificium, ut diutius lateat. {{sc|'''dignor'''}} dignam me iudico, ut “coniugio Anchisa Veneris dignate superbo”, id est digne habite. 

{{ancora+|337|[[Aeneis/Liber I#337|337.]]}} {{sc|'''pvrpvreo'''}} aut pulchro aut russati coloris. {{sc|'''svras vincire cotvrno'''}} coturni sunt calciamenta etiam venatoria, crura quoque uincientia, quorum quivis utrique aptus est pedi. ideo et numero usus est singulari. 

{{ancora+|338|[[Aeneis/Liber I#338|338.]]}} {{sc|'''pvnica regna vides'''}}  ad illud “‘et quo sub caelo tandem”’. quidam ‘uides’ pro uisurus es accipiunt; nam quemadmodum in media silua urbem uidet et Tyrios? {{sc|'''pvnica regna vides'''}} his attentum facit Aeneam. {{sc|'''tyrios'''}} nihil interest utrum Tyrios an Sidonios dicat. ut diximus enim nomina de uicino mutuantur. {{sc|'''agenoris vrbem'''}} quam fecerunt Agenoridae. Agenor autem, Neptuni et Libyae filius, rex Phoenices fuit, de cuius genere originem Dido ducebat. et sic dictum est, ut “et tandem Euboicis Cumarum adlabitur oris”, id est ad Cumas, quas fecerunt hi qui de Chalcide venerant, civitate Euboeae. 

{{ancora+|339|[[Aeneis/Liber I#339|339.]]}} {{sc|'''sed fines libyci'''}}  ante dicta dubia esse potuerunt, nunc aperte regionem ostendit dicendo Libycos fines. Tyrii enim et alibi esse potuerunt. {{sc|'''intractabile'''}} insuperabile, asperum, saevum. {{sc|'''sed fines libyci'''}} amovit suspicionem, ne putaret se in Tyrum venisse. 

{{ancora+|340|[[Aeneis/Liber I#340|340.]]}} {{sc|'''dido'''}} uero nomine Elissa ante dicta est, sed post interitum a Poenis Dido appellata, id est uirago Punica lingua, quod cum a suis sociis cogeretur cuicumque de Afris regibus nubere et prioris mariti caritate teneretur, forti se animo et interfecerit et in pyram iecerit, quam se ad expiandos prioris mariti manes extruxisse fingebat. 

{{ancora+|341|[[Aeneis/Liber I#341|341.]]}} {{sc|'''germanvm fvgiens'''}}  hoc loco quasi stupuit Aeneas; de germani enim appellatione fuerat facta maior inuidia: unde auditoris aviditati praescribit Venus dicens longam esse iniuriam, id est causam, ab eo quod sequitur id quod praecedit, ut supra “spem uultu simulat”. {{sc|'''longa est inivria'''}} longa narratio iniuriae. 

{{ancora+|342|[[Aeneis/Liber I#342|342.]]}} {{sc|'''longae ambages'''}}  id est circuitus. hoc est ambages narrationis. {{sc|'''fastigia'''}} summae partes aedificiorum dicuntur, sed modo primordia, quia scit longam esse historiam Carthaginis, ut Sallustius “sed de Carthagine silere melius puto, quam parum dicere”. 

{{ancora+|343|[[Aeneis/Liber I#343|343.]]}} {{sc|'''hvic conivnx sychaevs erat'''}}  quotiens poeta aspera invenit nomina uel in metro non stantia, aut mutat ea aut de his aliquid mutilat. nam Sychaeus Sicarbas dictus est; Belus, Didonis pater, Mettes; Carthago a cartha, ut lectum est et in historia Poenorum et in Livio. sane Sychaeus Sy brevis est per naturam; sed hoc loco ectasin fecit ea licentia quae est in propriis nominibus. licet enim in quavis proprii nominis parte syllabae mutare naturam: quod et in appellativis evenit, si tamen de propriis originem ducant, ut “Sicanio praetenta sinu”, quia venit a Sicano rege Siciliae. {{sc|'''ditissimvs agri'''}} ueteres addebant cuius rei dives, ut “dives equum”. 

{{ancora+|344|[[Aeneis/Liber I#344|344.]]}} {{sc|'''miserae'''}} dativus est, non aduerbium. 

{{ancora+|345|[[Aeneis/Liber I#345|345.]]}} {{sc|'''cvi pater intactam dederat'''}}  argumentum amoris. 

{{ancora+|346|[[Aeneis/Liber I#346|346.]]}} {{sc|'''primis ominibvs'''}}  uel prosperis et secundis auguriis uel primariis, ut aliis uerbis repetierit ‘cui pater intactam dederat’. {{sc|'''ominibvs'''}} auguriis. et secundum Romanos locutus est, qui nihil nisi captatis faciebant auguriis, et praecipue nuptias. Lucanus “contentique auspice Bruto”. Iuvenalis “veniet cum signatoribus auspex”. {{sc|'''tyri'''}} aduerbium est. 

{{ancora+|347|[[Aeneis/Liber I#347|347.]]}} {{sc|'''scelere ante alios immanior omnes qvos inter medios venit fvror'''}}  iunge totum: nam aliter non procedit, si segreges ‘quos inter medios venit furor’, cum ipse dicat, licet simulatas, fuisse tamen amicitias, simul namque sacrificabant: ac si diceret, sceleratior Atreo et Thyeste, uel Eteocle et Polynice. multi ‘inmanior’ ad furorem, non ad Pygmalionem referunt. ordo autem est ‘inter quos medios’. 

{{ancora+|348|[[Aeneis/Liber I#348|348.]]}} {{sc|'''ille sychaevm'''}}  hoc loco secundum naturam posuit. 

{{ancora+|349|[[Aeneis/Liber I#349|349.]]}} {{sc|'''impivs ante aras'''}}  probavit impium, qui ante aras. et singula pronuntianda. 

{{ancora+|350|[[Aeneis/Liber I#350|350.]]}} {{sc|'''clam'''}} quidam ad sororem referri putant. {{sc|'''secvrvs amorvm germanae'''}} aut contemnens, id est neglegens, non curans amores sororis, ut “securi pelagi atque mei”, id est contemptores: aut certe securus erat de amore germanae circa maritum nimio, ob quem se post mortem Sychaei interimere posse credebatur; nec enim sequitur, ut occiso Sychaeo ipse statim potiretur auri, nisi etiam Dido periret. ‘amores’ autem plurali numero ad uoluptatem pertinent, ut “securus amorum, qui iuvenum tibi semper erant”, singulari etiam ad religionem. 

{{ancora+|351|[[Aeneis/Liber I#351|351.]]}} {{sc|'''aegram'''}} maestam, anxiam. 

{{ancora+|352|[[Aeneis/Liber I#352|352.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta malvs simvlans vana spe lvsit amantem'''}}  quia dicebat absentem, quem constabat occisum. atqui legimus “quis fallere possit amantem?” sed hic nimia Pygmalionis ostenditur malitia, quae etiam amantem fefellit. {{sc|'''vana spe'''}} quia dicebat eum reverti. {{sc|'''lvsit'''}} decepit. 

{{ancora+|353|[[Aeneis/Liber I#353|353.]]}} {{sc|'''in somnis'''}}  si ab eo quod est somnium, synizesis est, ut peculi pro peculii; si autem a somno venit, ‘in somnis’, id est dum somnos caperet. {{sc|'''imago'''}} g-to g-eidohlon. 

{{ancora+|355|[[Aeneis/Liber I#355|355.]]}} {{sc|'''crvdelis aras'''}}  epitheton hoc de causa est, nam arae piae sunt. 

{{ancora+|356|[[Aeneis/Liber I#356|356.]]}} {{sc|'''nvdavit'''}} indicavit: unde contra in sexto habemus “et uulnera dira tegentem”, hoc est celantem. quid enim tegeret undique truncatus? {{sc|'''retexit'''}} ecce hic planius quid sit ‘nudavit’ ostendit. {{sc|'''caecvmqve domvs scelvs omne retexit'''}} utrum ad praeteritum hoc refertur, an ut quibusdam uidetur, quod ipsam Didonem parabat occidere? nam ideo et fugam suadere uisus est. 

{{ancora+|357|[[Aeneis/Liber I#357|357.]]}} {{sc|'''celerare fvgam'''}}  celeriter abire, ut dicimus ‘cursum celero’. {{sc|'''svadet'''}} secundum naturam duae sunt syllabae, sed multi trisyllabum putant. quod etiam si inveniatur, solutio dicenda est, quo modo dicimus aena et aena. hoc autem solum huiusce modi uerbum in Latino invenitur. 

{{ancora+|358|[[Aeneis/Liber I#358|358.]]}} {{sc|'''reclvdit'''}} ad opinionem somni recludere uidetur, ut “aeternumque adytis effert penetralibus ignem”. 

{{ancora+|359|[[Aeneis/Liber I#359|359.]]}} {{sc|'''thesavros'''}} hoc nomen ‘n’ non habet, sicut Atlas, gigas, Thoas, Abas, Pallas, licet in obliquis casibus inveniatur; sicut nec formosus, quia derivatum est a forma, ut a specie speciosus, ab odio odiosus, a genere generosus, ab scelere scelerosus. {{sc|'''ignotvm argenti pondvs et avri'''}} aut quod ignorabat Dido, aut certe ad magnitudinem pertinet, id est tantum quantum nullus umquam novit. 

{{ancora+|360|[[Aeneis/Liber I#360|360.]]}} {{sc|'''his commota'''}}  supra dictis omnibus. 

{{ancora+|361|[[Aeneis/Liber I#361|361.]]}} {{sc|'''qvibvs avt odivm crvdele tyranni avt metvs acer erat'''}}  oderant laesi, metuebant laedendi, hoc est qui timebant, ne laederentur: unde est illud in quarto “et quos Sidonia uix urbe revelli”, quia non uoluntate, sed aut odio aut timore convenerant. {{sc|'''odivm crvdele tyranni'''}} id est crudelis tyranni, et figura est; nam in tyrannum odium iustum est. 

{{ancora+|362|[[Aeneis/Liber I#362|362.]]}} {{sc|'''naves qvae forte paratae'''}}  id est erant. 

{{ancora+|363|[[Aeneis/Liber I#363|363.]]}} {{sc|'''pygmalionis opes'''}}  quas Pygmalion iam suas putabat: unde est in quarto “ulta uirum”. quae enim avaro maior poena, quam pecuniam propter quam deliquerat perdere? remove hoc, et falsum est “ulta uirum”. sciendum autem quod clam tangit historiam. moris enim erat, ut de pecunia publica Phoenices misso a rege auro de peregrinis frumenta conueherent. Dido autem a Pygmalione ad hunc usum paratas naves abstulerat: quam cum fugientem a fratre missi sequerentur, aurum illa praecipitavit in mare, qua re uisa sequentes reversi sunt. licet et alio ordine historia ista narratur. {{sc|'''dvx femina facti'''}} pronuntiandum quasi mirum. 

{{ancora+|365|[[Aeneis/Liber I#365|365.]]}} {{sc|'''devenere locos'''}}  ‘ad’ minus est. {{sc|'''svrgentem'''}} erigentem se, ut “surgentem in cornua ceruum”. 

{{ancora+|366|[[Aeneis/Liber I#366|366.]]}} {{sc|'''novae carthaginis'''}}  Carthago enim est lingua Poenorum nova civitas, ut docet Livius. 

{{ancora+|367|[[Aeneis/Liber I#367|367.]]}} {{sc|'''mercatiqve solvm'''}} , {{sc|'''facti de nomine byrsam'''}} adpulsa ad Libyam Dido cum ab Hiarba pelleretur, petit callide, ut emeret tantum terrae, quantum posset corium bovis tenere. itaque corium in fila propemodum sectum tetendit occupavitque stadia uiginti duo: quam rem leviter tangit Vergilius dicendo ‘facti de nomine Byrsam’ et non ‘tegere’, sed ‘circumdare’. {{sc|'''facti de nomine'''}} id est de causae qualitate, quia byrsa Graece g-corium dicitur. dicendo ergo ‘circumdare’, ostendit corrigiam de corio factam. 

{{ancora+|368|[[Aeneis/Liber I#368|368.]]}} {{sc|'''tergo'''}} pro tergore. 

{{ancora+|369|[[Aeneis/Liber I#369|369.]]}} {{sc|'''sed vos qvi tandem'''}} ? uacat hoc loco ‘tandem’, uel ut aliis uidetur expletiva coniunctio, ut “et quo sub caelo tandem”, ubi ‘tandem’ pro tamen accipiunt. et est naturalis interrogatio qui estis? unde estis? quo itis? sic ipse in octavo licet mutato ordine “quo tenditis, inquit? qui genus? unde domo?” 

{{ancora+|371|[[Aeneis/Liber I#371|371.]]}} {{sc|'''imoqve trahens a pectore vocem'''}}  deest ‘dixit’. et quotiens longe respondet, parenthesis est; quotiens nusquam, ellipsis dicitur, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|372|[[Aeneis/Liber I#372|372.]]}} {{sc|'''o dea'''}}  perseverat in opinione sua, ita tamen, ut et illius orationi aliquando concedat: nam paulo post ait ‘si uestras forte per aures Troiae nomen iit’. aut certe illud est, quia superius dixerat ‘an nympharum sanguinis una’, quae non omnia sciunt; {{sc|'''ab origine'''}} a raptu Helenae. {{sc|'''pergam'''}} perseverem, hoc est universa dicam. 

{{ancora+|373|[[Aeneis/Liber I#373|373.]]}} {{sc|'''annales'''}} inter historiam et annales hoc interest: historia est eorum temporum quae uel uidimus uel uidere potuimus, dicta g-apo g-tou g-historein, id est uidere; annales uero sunt eorum temporum, quae aetas nostra non novit: unde Livius ex annalibus et historia constat. haec tamen confunduntur licenter, ut hoc loco pro historia inquit ‘annales’. ita autem annales conficiebantur: tabulam dealbatam quotannis pontifex maximus habuit, in qua praescriptis consulum nominibus et aliorum magistratuum digna memoratu notare consueverat domi militiaeque terra marique gesta per singulos dies. cuius diligentiae annuos commentarios in octoginta libros ueteres retulerunt, eosque a pontificibus maximis a quibus fiebant annales maximos appellarunt: unde quidam ideo dictum ab Aenea ‘annales’ aiunt, quod et ipse religiosus sit et a poeta tum pontifex inducatur. 

{{ancora+|374|[[Aeneis/Liber I#374|374.]]}} {{sc|'''clavso'''}} more poetico, qui dicunt caelum per noctem claudi, aperiri per diem: unde est “porta tonat caeli” et “considunt tectis bipatentibus”. {{sc|'''componet'''}} finiet, ut “oblato gaudens componi foedere bellum” et “⟨non⟩ nostrum inter uos tantas conponere lites”. alibi pro disponere, ut “nec conponere opes norant”, alibi pro coniungere, ut “conponens manibusque manus”, alibi pro conparare, ut “sic paruis conponere magna solebam”, alibi pro fundare, ut “nunc placida conpostus”. {{sc|'''vesper'''}} proprie stella est, cum autem ‘uesperi’ dicimus, aduerbium temporis est. et sciendum quia omnia nomina, quae de Graecis in -os exeuntibus ad nos transeunt, apud nos aut in us tantum exeunt, ut {{sc|'''deloc'''}} delus, aut in er, ut g-agros ager, aut in utrumque, ut g-evandros evandrus evander 

{{ancora+|375|[[Aeneis/Liber I#375|375.]]}} {{sc|'''troia antiqva'''}}  nobili, venerabili, more suo: alibi “terra antiqua”, id est nobilis; nec enim esse poterat nova. item “templa dei saxo venerabar structa uetusto”. aut certe cara, et hoc ideo, quia dixit ‘quibus aut venistis ab oris’. {{sc|'''si vestras forte per avres'''}} cum apud deam sciat se loqui, cur ait ‘si uestras per aures’? et ‘forte’ hic aliqua ratione. 

{{ancora+|377|[[Aeneis/Liber I#377|377.]]}} {{sc|'''forte sva'''}}  casu suo, id est quo solet. ‘forte’ autem nomen est a nominativo fors, ut Terentius “fors fuat pol”. ipse alibi “quoniam fors omnia uersat”. {{sc|'''libycis'''}} iam scit; audivit enim ‘sed fines Libyci’. {{sc|'''appvlit oris'''}} figura supra dicta. 

{{ancora+|378|[[Aeneis/Liber I#378|378.]]}} {{sc|'''svm pivs aeneas'''}}  non est hoc loco arrogantia, sed indicium. nam scientibus aliquid de se dicere arrogantia est, ignotis indicium. aut certe heroum secutus est morem, quibus quam mentiri turpe fuerat, tam uera reticere. denique Vlixes in Homero ait suam famam ad caelum usque venisse: unde et iste ‘fama super aethera notus’. aut certe uetuste pietatem pro religione posuit. Sallustius in Catilina “uerum illi delubra deum pietate, domus suas gloria decorabant”. Plautus in Pseudolo “non potest pietati obsisti huic ututi res sunt ceterae, deos quidem, quos maxime est aequum metuere, eos minimi facit”. sane ‘pius’ potest esse et purus et innocens et omni carens scelere. piare enim antiqui purgare dicebant; inde etiam piamina, quibus expurgant homines, et qui purgati non sunt impii. {{sc|'''raptos qvi ex hoste penates'''}} hoc est sum pius. {{sc|'''ex hoste penates'''}} optima locutio est, plusque significat de pluralitate ad singularitatem transire, ut ‘venor multis canibus’ et ‘multa cane’. ut Horatius “aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane apros in obstantes plagas”. sane de diis penatibus licet uarias opiniones secutus sit Vergilius, omnes tamen diversis locis complexus est: nam alii, ut Nigidius et Labeo, deos penates Aeneae Neptunum et Apollinem tradunt, quorum mentio fit “taurum Neptuno, taurum tibi, pulcher Apollo”. Varro deos penates quaedam sigilla lignea uel marmorea ab Aenea in Italiam dicit aduecta, cuius rei ita Vergilius meminit “effigies sacrae divum Phrygiique penates, quos mecum a Troia mediisque ex ignibus urbis extuleram”. idem Varro hos deos Dardanum ex Samothraca in Phrygiam, de Phrygia Aeneam in Italiam memorat portavisse. alii autem, ut Cassius Hemina, dicunt deos penates ex Samothraca appellatos g-theous g-megalous, g-theous g-dunatous, g-theous g-chrehstous. quorum diversis locis ita meminit “natoque penatibus et magnis dis”, hoc est g-theous g-megalous, et iterum “Iunonis magnae primum. dominamque potentem” g-tous g-dunatous, et “bona Iuno” g-tous g-chrehstous. ecce ergo diversis locis omnia tria conplexus, quae omnia locis suis dicentur. 

{{ancora+|380|[[Aeneis/Liber I#380|380.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam qvaero'''}}  hoc loco distinguendum est; nam si iunxeris ‘patriam’, non procedit. patria enim, id est civitas, in provincia esse potest, non tamen ut ipsa provincia patria sit: licet in Sallustio lectum sit “Hispaniam sibi antiquam patriam esse”; sed illic ad laudem pertinet, non ad ueritatem. tria ergo dicit: provinciam quaero, hoc est ‘Italiam’; ‘patriam’, hoc est Corythum, Tusciae civitatem, unde Dardanus fuit; ‘genus ab Iove’ ideo, quia ex Electra et Iove Dardanus Iasiusque nati sunt, Dardanus autem auctor est Troiae. et bene ad tria interrogata respondet, qui esset, unde venisset, quo tenderet. alibi de ipsa Italia Aeneas “hic domus, haec patria est”. melius sic distinguitur ‘Italiam quaero patriam et genus ab Iove summo’: ut mihi sit Italia patria, Iovis genus efficit, propter Dardanum scilicet. 

{{ancora+|381|[[Aeneis/Liber I#381|381.]]}} {{sc|'''phrygivm aeqvor'''}}  id est Hellespontum. {{sc|'''conscendi'''}} bene ‘conscendi’ secundum physicos, qui dicunt terram inferiorem esse, quia omne quod continetur supra illud est quod continet: unde est “humilemque uidemus Italiam”. 

{{ancora+|382|[[Aeneis/Liber I#382|382.]]}} {{sc|'''matre dea monstrante viam'''}}  hoc loco per transitum tangit historiam, quam per legem artis poeticae aperte non potest ponere. nam Varro in secundo divinarum dicit “ex quo de Troia est egressus Aeneas, Veneris eum per diem cotidie stellam uidisse, donec ad agrum Laurentem veniret, in quo eam non uidit ulterius: qua re terras cognovit esse fatales”: unde Vergilius hoc loco ‘matre dea monstrante uiam’ et “eripe, nate, fugam”, item “nusquam abero” et “descendo ac ducente deo” et “iamque iugis summae surgebat lucifer Idae”. quam stellam Veneris esse ipse Vergilius ostendit “qualis ubi Oceani perfusus Lucifer unda, quem Venus ante alios astrorum diligit ignes”. quod autem diximus eum poetica arte prohiberi, ne aperte ponat historiam, certum est. Lucanus namque ideo in numero poetarum esse non meruit, quia uidetur historiam composuisse, non poema. {{sc|'''data fata secvtvs'''}} scilicet a Iove. 

{{ancora+|383|[[Aeneis/Liber I#383|383.]]}} {{sc|'''convvlsae vndis evroqve svpersvnt'''}}  aut ‘conuulsae undis Euroque’, aut ‘supersunt undis Euroque’. ‘conuulsae’ autem ideo, quia habes supra “laxis laterum compagibus” 

{{ancora+|384|[[Aeneis/Liber I#384|384.]]}} {{sc|'''ignotvs'''}} deest ‘quasi’; nam contrarium est quod dixit ‘fama super aethera notus’. facit autem hoc frequenter Vergilius, ut hanc particulam subtrahat, ut “at medias inter caedes exultat Amazon”, quasi Amazon; nam Vulsca fuit. {{sc|'''peragro'''}} per habet accentum; nam ‘a’ longa quidem est, sed non solida positione; muta enim et liquida quotiens ponuntur metrum iuvant, non accentum. 

{{ancora+|385|[[Aeneis/Liber I#385|385.]]}} {{sc|'''evropa atqve asia pvlsvs'''}}  aut orbem in tres partes divisit et absolutum est, quia in Africa positus, quae orbis pars tertia est: aut si Europam tantum et Asiam intellegimus, ut Africa in Europa sit, inuidiose locutus est, ut supra Venus “cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis”, quasi cum indignatione dicat, per Troiam Asia careo, per Italiam Europa. denique non passa Venus eius interrupit querelas. sane Europa Agenoris filia, a qua pars orbis nominata est. 

{{ancora+|386|[[Aeneis/Liber I#386|386.]]}} {{sc|'''dolore est'''}}  aut narrantis Aeneae, aut certe suo dolore; aequum enim est malis filii etiam ipsam moveri. 

{{ancora+|387|[[Aeneis/Liber I#387|387.]]}} {{sc|'''qvisqvis es'''}}  pleraque per concessionem sic tradit poeta, ut augmentum faciat. sicut hoc loco audiverat Venus ‘sum pius Aeneas, fama super aethera notus’ et cetera, dicit tamen ‘quisquis es’, hoc est, etiamsi haec in te non sint, hinc tamen constat esse felicem, quod venisti Carthaginem. item in secundo “quisquis es, amissos hinc iam obliviscere Graios”, hoc est, qualibet ratione contra nos bella susceperis. {{sc|'''havd credo invisvs caelestibvs'''}} litotes figura per contrarium significans, id est credo te esse carissimum superis: ut alibi “munera nec sperno”, supra “mihi iussa capessere fas est”. ‘caelestibus’ autem secundum Pythagoram et praecipue Platonem dixit, qui confirmant uivos esse superis caros, mortuos uero inferis. unde et Vergilius de Pallante “et nil iam caelestibus ullis debentem”, item contra “uos o mihi manes este boni, quoniam superis aversa uoluntas”. 

{{ancora+|388|[[Aeneis/Liber I#388|388.]]}} {{sc|'''avras vitales carpis'''}}  quibus uivimus. nihil est enim aliud uita, quam reciprocus spiritus: unde et Iuppiter, quo constant omnia, Zeus uocatur g-apo g-tehs g-zohes, id est uita. {{sc|'''carpis'''}} accipis modo, ut “et placidam carpebant membra quietem”. {{sc|'''tyriam'''}} carthaginem a colonis. {{sc|'''adveneris vrbem'''}} hysterologia ut supra, hoc est ad urbem veneris. {{sc|'''perge modo'''}} tantummodo: hoc est, haec tibi sola sit cura, nam liberatae sunt naves. 

{{ancora+|389|[[Aeneis/Liber I#389|389.]]}} {{sc|'''perfer'''}} imperativus modus est, ut “fer cineres Amarylli foras”. 

{{ancora+|390|[[Aeneis/Liber I#390|390.]]}} {{sc|'''redvces'''}} proprie ‘reduces’ dicuntur qui pericula evadunt: sic infra “ut reduces illi ludunt”, scilicet post periculum inlatum ab aquila. 

{{ancora+|391|[[Aeneis/Liber I#391|391.]]}} {{sc|'''versis aqvilonibvs'''}}  aut speciem pro genere posuit, hoc est mutatis uentis, aut quia, postquam ad Africam iter uerterunt, aduersus ante Aquilo coepit esse prosperrimus. 

{{ancora+|392|[[Aeneis/Liber I#392|392.]]}} {{sc|'''ni frvstra avgvrivm vani docvere parentes'''}}  hoc ad confirmandum errorem Aeneae dixit, ne divinando dea esse crederetur. et est argumentum ad fallaciam, ne intellegat deam. quod autem dicit ‘uani parentes’, aut hypallage est, id est uanum augurium, ut “dare classibus austros” et “ibant obscuri sola sub nocte” pro ipsi soli per obscuram noctem; aut certe ‘uani parentes’ qui res falsas et inanes docent. et per hoc decipere plerumque ostendit auguria. multi uolunt ad nimium hoc amorem parentum referri, qui teneritudine affectus etiam superflua liberos docent. quidam ‘uani’ mendaces tradunt. Sallustius in Iugurtha “nam ego quidem uellem et haec quae scribo et illa quae antea in senatu questus sum uana forent potius, quam miseria mea fidem uerbis faceret”. Terentius in Phormione ubi adulescens lenonem mendacii arguit “non te pudet uanitatis?” 

{{ancora+|393|[[Aeneis/Liber I#393|393.]]}} {{sc|'''bis senos cycnos'''}}  cycnos navibus comparat, aquilam tempestati. in auguriis autem considerandae sunt non solum aves, sed etiam uolatus, ut in praepetibus, et cantus, ut in oscinibus, quia nec omnes nec omnibus dant auguria: ut columbae non nisi regibus dant, quia numquam singulae uolant, sicut rex numquam solus incedit; unde in sexto “maternas agnovit aves” per transitum ostendit regis augurium. item cycni nullis dant nisi nautis, sicut lectum est in ornithogonia, “cycnus in auguriis nautis gratissimus ales: hunc optant semper, quia numquam mergitur undis”. cycnos tamen habere divinationem etiam Cicero in Tusculanis libro primo docet “ut cycni, qui non sine causa Apollini dicati sunt, sed quod ab eo divinationem habere uideantur”. {{sc|'''laetantes'''}} post periculum. {{sc|'''agmine'''}} uolatu, impetu. agmen autem apud Vergilium est cuiuslibet rei impetus, ut “illi agmine certo” et “uocat agmina saeva sororum”. 

{{ancora+|394|[[Aeneis/Liber I#394|394.]]}} {{sc|'''aetheria'''}} aether altior est aere, uicinus caelo, g-apo g-tou g-aithein, id est ardere. {{sc|'''iovis ales'''}} aquila, quae in tutela Iovis est, quia dicitur dimicanti ei contra Gigantes fulmina ministrasse: quod ideo fingitur, quia per naturam nimii est caloris, adeo ut etiam ova quibus supersidet possit coquere, nisi admoveat gagaten lapidem frigidissimum, ut testatur Lucanus “feta tepefacta sub alite saxa”. aut quia nec aquila nec laurus dicitur fulminari, ideo Iovis ales aquila, Iovis coronam lauream accepimus, et qui triumphant lauro coronantur. sane alites proprie dicuntur aves, quae uolatu auspicia faciunt, buteo sanqualis inmussulus aquila uulturius. sane de aquila est et alia fabula. apud Graecos legitur, puerum quendam terra editum admodum pulchrum membris omnibus fuisse, qui g-Aetos sit uocatus. hic cum Iuppiter propter patrem Saturnum, qui suos filios devorabat, in Creta insula in Idaeo antro nutriretur, primus in obsequium Iovis se dedit, post uero cum adolevisset Iuppiter et patrem regno pepulisset, Iuno permota forma pueri uelut paelicatus dolore eum in avem uertit, quae ab ipso g-aetos dicitur Graece, a nobis aquila propter aquilum colorem, qui ater est. quam semper Iuppiter sibi inhaerere praecipit et fulmina gestare: per hanc etiam Ganymedes cum amaretur a Iove dicitur raptus, quos Iuppiter inter sidera collocavit. et quia aquilae haec est natura, ut solem recto lumine spectet, signum quoque aquilae, quod in caelo est, orientem semper solem uidetur adtendere. alii dicunt ab hac avi Iovem raptum et ad latebras Cretenses perlatum, cum a Saturno ubique quaereretur. ipsam etiam Iovi, cum aduersus Titanas bellum gereret, obuolasse in augurium ac statim uictoriam consecutam, et ideo inter sidera collocatam. 

{{ancora+|395|[[Aeneis/Liber I#395|395.]]}} {{sc|'''ordine longo'''}}  non nulli pro serie dictum accipiunt, nam et ‘coetu cinxere polum’ uidetur ad ordinem rettulisse: quamuis quidam quaerant, quomodo ‘ordine’, cum mox ‘coetu’ dicat. 

{{ancora+|396|[[Aeneis/Liber I#396|396.]]}} {{sc|'''capere'''}} eligere, ut “ante locum capies oculis”. {{sc|'''despectare'''}} id est electas iam intentius despicere. 

{{ancora+|397|[[Aeneis/Liber I#397|397.]]}} {{sc|'''stridentibvs alis'''}}  signum augurii est. 

{{ancora+|398|[[Aeneis/Liber I#398|398.]]}} {{sc|'''coetv'''}} dicit Plinius Secundus in naturali historia, omnes aves colli longioris aut recto ordine uolare, ut pondus capitis praecedentis cauda sustentet: unde et prima plerumque deficiens relicto loco incipit esse postrema: aut in coetu se omnes inuicem sustinere; neque enim huiusmodi aves semel ad inferiora descendunt, sed paulatim per reflexos in gyrum uolatus. hoc autem uolatu imitantur litteras quasdam: unde et Lucanus “et turbata perit dispersis littera pennis”. {{sc|'''cantvsqve dedere'''}} adlusit ad nautas. multi tamen adserunt cycnos inter augurales aves non inveniri neque auguralibus commentariis eorum nomen inlatum, sed in libris reconditis lectum esse, posse quamlibet avem auspicium adtestari, maxime quia non poscatur. hoc enim interest inter augurium et auspicium, quod augurium et petitur et certis avibus ostenditur, auspicium qualibet avi demonstratur et non petitur: quod ipsum tamen species augurii est. sed Vergilius amat secretiora dicere; nam totum morem augurum exsecutus est proprietate uerborum. alites enim ostendit cum ait ‘stridentibus alis’, oscines uero cum dicit ‘et coetu cinxere polum cantusque dedere’. hoc idem et de columbis fecit; nam et haec inter augurales aves dicuntur non inveniri, et tamen ex his augurium et postulari facit et ostendi: “este duces o, si qua uia est, cursumque per auras dirigite in lucos” et cetera. 

{{ancora+|399|[[Aeneis/Liber I#399|399.]]}} {{sc|'''pvppesqve tvae pvbesqve tvorvm'''}}  tropus synecdoche: a parte totum significat, ut Terentius “o lepidum caput”, id est lepidus homo. ‘pubes’ autem flos iuventutis. 

{{ancora+|400|[[Aeneis/Liber I#400|400.]]}} {{sc|'''ostia'''}} proprie ostia dicuntur exitus fluminum, sed modo abusus est, quia plerumque ostia ipsa pro portu sunt. 

{{ancora+|401|[[Aeneis/Liber I#401|401.]]}} {{sc|'''perge modo'''}}  exhortatio ad facilitatem rei. {{sc|'''dvcit via'''}} pro ‘haec uia’: et uidetur demonstrare. 

{{ancora+|402|[[Aeneis/Liber I#402|402.]]}} {{sc|'''avertens'''}} ‘se’ subaudis, hoc est cum averteretur, ut “tum prora avertit”. {{sc|'''rosea'''}} pulchra. 

{{ancora+|403|[[Aeneis/Liber I#403|403.]]}} {{sc|'''ambrosiaeqve comae'''}}  aut unguento deorum oblitae, hoc est ambrosia, aut certe abusive dixit ‘divinae comae’. {{sc|'''ambrosiaeqve comae divinvm vertice odorem'''}} est hypallage, ut sit divinae comae ambrosiae odorem spiravere. 

{{ancora+|404|[[Aeneis/Liber I#404|404.]]}} {{sc|'''spiravere'''}} exhalaverunt. {{sc|'''vestis deflvxit'''}} quia dixit supra “sinus collecta fluentes”. 

{{ancora+|405|[[Aeneis/Liber I#405|405.]]}} {{sc|'''vera'''}} bene ‘uera’ de qua ante dubitabatur. {{sc|'''incessv'''}} hoc uerbum apud Vergilium saepe pro honore ponitur, ut “ast ego quae divum incedo regina” et mox “forma pulcherrima Dido incessit”. {{sc|'''matrem agnovit'''}} nunc matrem agnoscit; nam deam esse iam superius dixerat. 

{{ancora+|406|[[Aeneis/Liber I#406|406.]]}} {{sc|'''fvgientem'''}} celeriter abscedentem, ut alibi “ad terram fugit”. {{sc|'''voce'''}} pro oratione. 

{{ancora+|407|[[Aeneis/Liber I#407|407.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid natvm totiens'''}}  saepe. et aut kata to siopomenon intellegimus saepe eum esse delusum; aut certe secundum ipsum Vergilium, qui ait in secundo “cum mihi se non ante oculis tam clara uidendam obtulit”. multi tamen uolunt in hoc ipso loco saepe eum esse deceptum, ut in habitu, in interrogatione, in responsione, in auguriis. uel ‘totiens crudelis’, quotiens fallis aut dissimulas. {{sc|'''tv qvoqve'''}} sicut Iuno ceterique dii, qui Troianis inimici sunt; quos et in secundo libro ostendit, ubi ait “inimicaque Troiae numina magna deum”. {{sc|'''falsis lvdis imaginibvs'''}} ideo quia uirginem, quia venatricem, quia Tyriam se dixerat. 

{{ancora+|408|[[Aeneis/Liber I#408|408.]]}} {{sc|'''cvr dextrae ivngere dextram'''}}  maiorum enim haec fuerat salutatio, cuius rei g-aition, id est causam Varro, Callimachum secutus, exposuit, adserens “omnem eorum honorem dexterarum constitisse uirtute”. ob quam rem hac se venerabantur corporis parte. 

{{ancora+|409|[[Aeneis/Liber I#409|409.]]}} {{sc|'''veras avdire et reddere voces'''}} ? sunt multae reciprocae elocutiones, ut hoc loco; sunt multae unius partis utrique sufficientes, ut ‘tenemur amicitiis’, ridiculum enim est si addas ‘mutuis’, cum amicitiae utrumque significent, sicut Fronto testatur. item sunt elocutiones, quarum una pars plena est: quae si conuertantur, habent aliquid superfluum. in Sallustio “in tugurio mulieris ancillae”: bene addidit ‘ancillae’. at si dicas ‘in tugurio ancillae mulieris’, erit superfluum ‘mulieris’; ancilla enim et condicionem ostendit et sexum. item “res erat praetoribus nota solis”. hoc suffecerat. male ergo addidit “ignorabatur a ceteris”. quod si conuertas, nihil esse superfluum invenitur. 

{{ancora+|410|[[Aeneis/Liber I#410|410.]]}} {{sc|'''talibvs incvsat'''}}  incusare proprie est superiorem arguere, ut in Terentio pater ad filium “quid me incusas Clitipho?” accusare uero uel parem uel inferiorem, ut in eodem ad maritum uxor “me miseram, quae nunc quam ob causam accuser nescio”. et hoc proprietatis est, licet usus male ista corrumpat. sciendum tamen est Terentium propter solam proprietatem omnibus comicis esse praepositum, quibus est quantum ad cetera spectat inferior. 

{{ancora+|411|[[Aeneis/Liber I#411|411.]]}} {{sc|'''at venvs'''}}  ordo est ‘at Venus dea’. {{sc|'''obscvro aere'''}} nebula, cuius definitio est. 

{{ancora+|412|[[Aeneis/Liber I#412|412.]]}} {{sc|'''circvm dea fvdit'''}}  figura est tmesis, quae fit cum secto uno sermone aliquid interponimus, ut alibi “septem subiecta trioni”. sed hoc tolerabile est in sermone conposito, ceterum in simplici nimis est asperum; quod tamen faciebat antiquitas, ut “saxo cere comminuit brum”. 

{{ancora+|413|[[Aeneis/Liber I#413|413.]]}} {{sc|'''cernere ne qvis eos'''}}  causa cur fecerit. ex hoc enim pendent cetera quae sequuntur. 

{{ancora+|414|[[Aeneis/Liber I#414|414.]]}} {{sc|'''moliri'''}} hic pro struere posuit et per hoc facere, ut infra “molirique arcem”. {{sc|'''avt veniendi poscere cavsas'''}} scilicet ne saepe narrando crebrum patiatur dolorem. unde melius ad Aeneam refertur “medio sic interfata dolore est”. ‘poscere’ autem nunc inquirere, alias petere. et praeponitur magis accusativo casui, dicimus enim posco magistrum lectionem, non a magistro posco. 

{{ancora+|415|[[Aeneis/Liber I#415|415.]]}} {{sc|'''ipsa paphvm'''}}  civitatem Cypri. et non sine ratione est quod in decimo libro plura sibi loca grata uel sacrata commemoret, hic ad Paphum solam abisse dicatur, quia Varro et plures referunt in hoc tantum templo Veneris quibusuis maximis in circuitu pluviis numquam inpluere. {{sc|'''svblimis'''}} divino incessu. {{sc|'''svblimis'''}} id est sublimiter, nomen pro aduerbio. 

{{ancora+|416|[[Aeneis/Liber I#416|416.]]}} {{sc|'''laeta'''}} ecce proprium Veneris epitheton. uel ‘laeta’, quia tectum nebula filium in tuto habebat, uel quod insulam suam repetat; uel ideo Paphum revisit laeta, quia serenis laeta congruunt, et necesse est ut laeta sit Venus ubi semper serenum est, quippe ubi pluere numquam dicatur. {{sc|'''sabaeo'''}} arabico. Arabiae autem tres sunt, inferior petrodes eudemon, in qua populi sunt Sabaei, apud quos nascitur tus. dicti autem Sabaei g-apo g-tou g-sebein, id est venerari, quod deos per ipsorum tura veneramur. 

{{ancora+|417|[[Aeneis/Liber I#417|417.]]}} {{sc|'''tvre calent arae sertisqve recentibvs halant'''}}  ecce unde supra dixit “haud equidem tali me dignor honore”, quia Aeneas hostias obtulerat, quarum hic mentio non fit. quod autem ‘recentibus’ dixit laus loci est, qui semper flore uestitur, ut omni tempore Veneri flores praesto esse uideantur. {{sc|'''sertis'''}} sertum et serta cum nihil adicitur dicimus, ut hoc loco: item alibi expressius “serta procul, tantum capiti delapsa, iacebant”. si autem sertos dixero, addo flores, si sertas, addo coronas, ut Lucanus “accipiunt sertas nardo florente coronas”. et hoc in multis nominibus observandum est, ut genus ex adiectione formetur: qua detracta in neutrum cedat necesse est, ut piscinalis locus, piscinalis cella, piscinale; sagmarius mulus, sagmaria mula, sagmarium. {{sc|'''halant'''}} pro olent. 

{{ancora+|418|[[Aeneis/Liber I#418|418.]]}} {{sc|'''corripvere viam'''}}  deest ‘at illi’. {{sc|'''corripvere viam'''}} officium eundi celeriter arripuerunt; nec enim uia corripitur. 

{{ancora+|419|[[Aeneis/Liber I#419|419.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi plvrimvs'''}}  ex maxima parte urbi inminens. {{sc|'''qvi plvrimvs'''}} id est longus, ut ipse alio loco “cui plurima ceruix”, item “cum se nux plurima”, id est amygdala; longa namque est. 

{{ancora+|420|[[Aeneis/Liber I#420|420.]]}} {{sc|'''aspectat'''}} est ornatus cum animantur apsucha. {{sc|'''aspectat'''}} rei insensibili dat sensum. unde est illud in quarto de Atlante. item Sallustius “Lyciae Pisidiaeque agros despectantem”. {{sc|'''arces'''}} civitates, a parte totum. 

{{ancora+|421|[[Aeneis/Liber I#421|421.]]}} {{sc|'''miratvr molem aeneas'''}}  hoc ad ipsum refertur, {{sc|'''magalia qvondam'''}} hoc ad poetam; nec enim hoc novit Aeneas. ‘magalia’ uero antistoechon est; nam debuit magaria dicere, quia magar, non magal Poenorum lingua uillam significat. Cato originum quarto “magalia aedificia quasi cohortes rotundas” dicit. alii magalia casas Poenorum pastorales dicunt. de his Sallustius “quae mapalia” sunt circumiecta civitati suburbana aedificia magalia. et alii Cassius Hemina docet ita “Sinuessae magalia addenda murumque circum ea”. 

{{ancora+|422|[[Aeneis/Liber I#422|422.]]}} {{sc|'''miratvr portas strepitvmqve e'''}} - S- V- quidam hoc ‘portas et uias magalia quondam miratur’ non simpliciter dictum uolunt, quoniam prudentes Etruscae disciplinae aiunt apud conditores Etruscarum urbium non putatas iustas urbes, in quibus non tres portae essent dedicatae et tot uiae et tot templa, Iovis Iunonis Minervae. bene ergo miratur Aeneas, ubi fuerant magalia illic esse legitimam civitatem; nam et portas et uias uidebat et mox templum Iunoni ingens. {{sc|'''strata viarvm'''}} primi enim Poeni uias lapidibus stravisse dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|423|[[Aeneis/Liber I#423|423.]]}} {{sc|'''ardentes'''}} multi ‘festinantes’, ut “iuvenum manus emicat ardens” et “ardet abire fuga” et “Laocoon ardens”; sic enim dicit quotiens properantes uult ostendere: alii ardentes ‘ingeniosi’ accipiunt; nam per contrarium segnem, id est sine igni, ingenio carentem dicimus: unde et a Graeco venit catus, id est ingeniosus g-apo g-tou g-kaiesthai. {{sc|'''dvcere mvros'''}} exaedificare. {{sc|'''dvcere mvros'''}} hoc est construendo in longitudinem producere; proprie enim cum aedificantur muri duci dicuntur. Sallustius historiarum II. “murum ab angulo dexteri lateris ad paludem haud procul remotam duxit”. 

{{ancora+|424|[[Aeneis/Liber I#424|424.]]}} {{sc|'''moliriqve arcem'''}}  molibus factis extollere. {{sc|'''moliri'''}} est extruere, huic contrarium demoliri. {{sc|'''et manibvs svbvolvere saxa'''}} cur manibus? an quia adhuc machinae non erant? an ad construentium festinationem referre uoluit? 

{{ancora+|425|[[Aeneis/Liber I#425|425.]]}} {{sc|'''optare'''}} eligere, ut “tuus o regina quid optes”. et “optavitque locum regno”. {{sc|'''tecto'''}} ad tectum nota figura. {{sc|'''svlco'''}} fossa: civitas enim, non domus circumdatur sulco: ut alibi “ausim uel tenui uitem committere sulco”. {{sc|'''svlco'''}} fossa fundamentorum. 

{{ancora+|426|[[Aeneis/Liber I#426|426.]]}} {{sc|'''legvnt'''}} eligunt. {{sc|'''ivra'''}} id est loca ubi iura dicantur aut magistratus creentur. et bene post conditam civitatem addidit ‘iura’ et ‘magistratus’ ‘sanctumque senatum’. legitur apud quosdam, Brutum eos qui se in eiciendis regibus iuvissent legisse in consilium, eumque ordinem senatum appellatum, quod una sensissent, quod patricii essent, patres conscriptos. alii patres a plebe in consilium senatus separatos tradunt, alii conscriptos qui post a Seruio Tullio e plebe electi sunt. alii senatum a senectute hominum, quibi allecti erant, dictum uolunt, qui apud Graecos g-gerousia appellatur. ‘sanctum’ autem ideo quia senatus sanctissimus ordo dicitur. 

{{ancora+|427|[[Aeneis/Liber I#427|427.]]}} {{sc|'''portvs effodivnt'''}}  id est Cothona faciunt. {{sc|'''portvs effodivnt'''}} ut portus scilicet faciant. et uere ait, nam Carthaginienses Cothone fossa utuntur, non naturali portu. {{sc|'''alta theatri fvndamenta'''}} hinc futura magnitudo cognoscitur, quod ‘alta fundamenta’ ait. bene autem post res publicas privatasque necessarias mentionem fecit theatri; aut quia ita Graecis urbs conditur, qui saepe spectaculis gaudent, aut, ut apud quosdam fuit, in honorem musicae scientiae. 

{{ancora+|428|[[Aeneis/Liber I#428|428.]]}} {{sc|'''colvmnas'''}} figurate ‘columnas’ ‘decora’ ait; diversis enim significationibus idem dixit. et ab eo quod est hoc decus corripitur decoris. 

{{ancora+|430|[[Aeneis/Liber I#430|430.]]}} {{sc|'''qvalis apes'''}}  ordo est ‘qualis labor’. {{sc|'''qvalis apes'''}} tertiae declinationis genetivus pluralis et in ‘ium’ et in ‘um’ exit, sed tunc pro nostro arbitrio cum nominativus singularis ‘ns’ fuerit terminatus, ut amans et amantum et amantium dicimus. cum autem nominativus singularis ‘r’ fuerit terminatus, tantum in ‘um’ exit, ut pater patrum, murmur murmurum. reliqua uero nomina auctoritate firmamus, ut apis uel apum, uel apium. sane fabula de apibus talis est. apud Isthmon anus quaedam nomine Melissa fuit. hanc Ceres sacrorum suorum cum secreta docuisset, interminata est, ne cui ea quae didicisset aperiret; sed cum ad eam mulieres accessissent, ut ab ea primo blandimentis post precibus et praemiis elicerent, ut sibi a Cerere commissa patefaceret, atque in silentio perduraret, ab eisdem iratis mulieribus discerpta est. quam rem Ceres inmissa tam supra dictis feminis quam populo eius regionis pestilentia ulta est; de corpore uero Melissae apes nasci fecit. Latine autem g-melissa apis dicitur. {{sc|'''aestate nova'''}} incipiente, ut “uere novo”. et bene ‘nova’, quia est et adulta et praeceps secundum Sallustium. {{sc|'''florea'''}} pro florida, ut “nemora inter frondea turbam”. aut florentia, nec enim de flore erant facta: floream coronam dicimus. {{sc|'''rvra'''}} graece g-aroura dicuntur. g-aphaeresis ergo sermonem fecit Latinum. 

{{ancora+|431|[[Aeneis/Liber I#431|431.]]}} {{sc|'''exercet'''}} fatigat, ut “nate Iliacis exercite fatis”. hoc autem participium ab exercitu, id est militum multitudine, declinatione discernimus; nam nomen quartae declinationis est, participium secundae, ut uisus, huius uisi uel uisus; passus, huius passi uel passus; auditus, huius auditi uel auditus. {{sc|'''exercet'''}} fatigat et subiecit, quibus rebus exercitae fatigentur. {{sc|'''svb sole'''}} in sole, ut “namque sub ingenti lustrat dum singula templo”, uel quamdiu sol est. {{sc|'''gentis fetvs'''}} ad laudem apum hoc pertinet. et bene ‘gentis fetus’, quia non singulae de singulis nascuntur, sed omnes ex omnibus, quod in quarto georgicorum melius intellegitur. 

{{ancora+|432|[[Aeneis/Liber I#432|432.]]}} {{sc|'''advltos edvcvnt'''}}  producunt, quia adhuc adolescunt, ut adulti fiant, non adoleverint, ut adultos dicimus minores: et hoc sic dixit, ut “inbellem avertis Romanis arcibus Indum”. {{sc|'''liqventia'''}} defaecata, sine sordibus, ut “nec tantum dulcia, quantum et liquida”, id est pura: nam pura mella constat esse meliora. 

{{ancora+|433|[[Aeneis/Liber I#433|433.]]}} {{sc|'''stipant'''}} densent. translatio a navibus, in quibus stipula interponitur uasis, quam stipam dicunt. {{sc|'''distendvnt'''}} implent, ut “denso distendere pingui”. {{sc|'''nectare'''}} melle: abusus est propter suavitatis similitudinem. {{sc|'''cellas'''}} et hic abusus est, ut favorum cavernas uel aluearia cellas uocaret, ut alibi thesauros. traxit autem a reponendi similitudine, uel a celando, unde cellam appellaverunt. {{sc|'''agmine'''}} nunc impetu. 

{{ancora+|435|[[Aeneis/Liber I#435|435.]]}} {{sc|'''ignavvm'''}} inutile, non aptum industriae; nam industrios navos dicimus. {{sc|'''fvcos'''}} secundum Plinium apum multa sunt genera. proprie tamen apes uocantur ortae de bubus, fuci de equis, crabrones de mulis, uespae de asinis. fucus autem est secundum Aemilium Macrum “maior ape, crabrone minor”. {{sc|'''pecvs'''}} dicimus omne quod humana lingua et effigie caret, id est a pascendo. unde Horatius “omne cum Proteus pecus egit altos uisere montes”. Plautus “clurinum pecus” simiam dixit. {{sc|'''praesepibvs'''}} alueariis. et est translatio, quae fit quotiens uel deest uerborum proprietas, uel uitatur iteratio. 

{{ancora+|436|[[Aeneis/Liber I#436|436.]]}} {{sc|'''fervet'''}} concelebratur, ut contra ‘friget’ cessat dicimus, ut Terentius “nimirum hic homines frigent”. {{sc|'''redolent'''}} quidam olere res uel malas uel bonas, redolere tantum bonas tradunt. {{sc|'''fragrantia'''}} quotiens incendium significatur, quod flatu alitur, per ‘l’ dicimus, quotiens odor, qui fracta specie maior est, per ‘r’ dicimus. sciendum sane nihil in hac uacare conparatione. nam Poenorum operi apum labor, custodiae litorum aduersum alienigenas fucorum conparatur expulsio. 

{{ancora+|437|[[Aeneis/Liber I#437|437.]]}} {{sc|'''o fortvnati qvorvm iam moenia svrgvnt'''}}  bene ‘fortunati’, quia iam faciunt quod ipse desiderat. {{sc|'''o fortvnati'''}} expressit Aeneae desiderium. {{sc|'''qvorvm iam moenia svrgvnt'''}} laus uel ab ipsa re sumitur quae laudatur. 

{{ancora+|438|[[Aeneis/Liber I#438|438.]]}} {{sc|'''fastigia'''}} nunc operis summitates, alibi ima significat, ut “forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras”. {{sc|'''svspicit'''}} miratur, ut e contrario ‘despicit’ contemnit significat. 

{{ancora+|439|[[Aeneis/Liber I#439|439.]]}} {{sc|'''mirabile dictv'''}}  ob hoc quod sequitur, quia mixtus cunctis latebat. potest tamen hoc et superiori et inferiori sensui addi. 

{{ancora+|440|[[Aeneis/Liber I#440|440.]]}} {{sc|'''per medios'''}}  figura est; nam planum fuerat ‘mediis se infert’. {{sc|'''miscetqve'''}} deest ‘se’. {{sc|'''neqve cernitvr vlli'''}} neque ab ullo cernitur; et est Graecum g-oudeni g-horohmenos, ut “scriberis Vario”, id est scribet te Varius. 

{{ancora+|441|[[Aeneis/Liber I#441|441.]]}} {{sc|'''lvcvs'''}} ubicumque Vergilius lucum ponit, sequitur etiam consecratio, ut “luco tum forte parentis Pilumni Turnus sacrata ualle sedebat”. unde et in sexto “nulli certa domus, lucis habitamus opacis”; dicuntur enim heroum animae lucos tenere. et mox sequitur ‘hic templum Iunoni ingens’. ‘lucus’ autem dicitur quod non luceat, non quod sint ibi lumina causa religionis, ut quidam uolunt. {{sc|'''in vrbe fvit media'''}} nunc iam in media. {{sc|'''laetissimvs vmbra'''}} aut septimus est, aut secundum Probum genetivus, ut sit ‘laetissimus umbrae’, sicut Sallustius “frugum pabulique laetus ager”. 

{{ancora+|442|[[Aeneis/Liber I#442|442.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo primvm'''}}  hoc est, simulac venerunt; nec enim secundo ad Africam uentum est. ordo est ‘quo primum loco’. 

{{ancora+|443|[[Aeneis/Liber I#443|443.]]}} {{sc|'''effodere loco signvm'''}}  historia hoc habet, quam more suo Vergilius per transitum tangit. Dido fratrem fugiens cum transiret per quandam insulam Iunonis, illic accepit oraculum et sacerdotem eius secum abstulit, cum ei parum crederet promittenti Carthaginis sedes. quo cum venissent, sacerdos elegit locum faciendae urbi, quo effosso inuentum est caput bovis. quod cum displicuisset, quia bos semper subiugatus est, alio loco effosso caput equi inuentum placuit, quia hoc animal licet subiugetur, bellicosum tamen est et uincit et plerumque concordat, ut ipse plenissime in illo loco “bello armantur equi, bellum haec armenta minantur. sed tamen idem olim curru succedere sueti quadrupedes et frena iugo concordia ferre: spes est pacis ait”. illic ergo Iunoni templa fecerunt. unde et bellicosa est Carthago per equi omen, et fertilis per bovis. sane fodere est tantum sollicitare terram, effodere hoc ipsum faciendo aliquid eruere uel invenire: cui contrarium est infodere. ordo autem est ‘lucus in urbe fuit media laetissimus umbra, quo loco iactati Poeni undis et turbine effodere caput acris equi, quod regia Iuno signum monstraverat’. {{sc|'''regia'''}} regina. 

{{ancora+|444|[[Aeneis/Liber I#444|444.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod regia ivno monstrarat'''}}  monstro dederat. et ut diximus tangit historiam. {{sc|'''acris eqvi'''}} epitheton magis aptum equis, ut “canibus blandis”, quia natura blandi sunt. 

{{ancora+|445|[[Aeneis/Liber I#445|445.]]}} {{sc|'''et facilem victv'''}}  propter bovem: quod licet nunc non dicat, tamen ex historia sumit. ‘facilem’ autem, copiosam, divitem. Terentius “quam uos facillime agitis”. 

{{ancora+|446|[[Aeneis/Liber I#446|446.]]}} {{sc|'''hic templvm ivnoni ingens'''}}  superius dictum est quod Vergilius ubique lucos consecratos uelit accipi, unde tamquam in loco sacro inducit Didonem Iunoni templa construere. morem autem Romanum ueterem tangit: antiqui enim aedes sacras ita templa faciebant, ut prius per augures locus liberaretur effareturque, tum demum a pontificibus consecraretur, ac post ibidem sacra edicerentur. erant tamen templa in quibus auspicato et publice res administrarentur et senatus haberi posset, erant tantum sacra. hic ergo et sacrum templum, quod in luco, id est in loco sacro conditur, docet, et administrari in templo rem publicam subsequentibus uersibus indicat ‘iura dabat legesque uiris operumque laborem p- a- i- a- s- t-’ alibi tantum sacra esse templa, alibi omnia ubi agi posse, locis suis monstrabitur. {{sc|'''sidonia'''}} licet ⟨et⟩ Sidon civitas sit Phoenices, tamen hic pro Tyria posuit. sane quidam opportune hic Sidoniam uolunt positam, ut ostenderet locupletem: Sidonii enim locupletes habiti sunt, ut “Sidonias ostentat opes”. 

{{ancora+|447|[[Aeneis/Liber I#447|447.]]}} {{sc|'''donis opvlentvm et nvmine divae'''}}  aut simulacrum quoque aureum fuit et numen pro simulacro posuit, ut “media inter numina divum”. hinc Cicero “sese iam ne deos quidem ad quos confugerent habere”; aut uult ostendere plenum esse praesentia numinis templum: aut certe venerabile numine. 

{{ancora+|448|[[Aeneis/Liber I#448|448.]]}} {{sc|'''aerea'''}} uel quod aes magis ueteres in usu habebant, uel quod religioni apta est haec materies, denique flamen Dialis aereis cultris tondebatur: aut quia uocalius ceteris metallis, aut quia medici aere quaedam uulnera curant, aut dicit quia ueteres magis aere usi sunt aut certe aerea saecula significantur: nam ut Hesiodus dicit, tempore quo haec gesta sunt aereum saeculum fuit. {{sc|'''nexaeqve aere trabes'''}} multi ‘nixae’ legunt, non ‘nexae’, iuxta Varronem qui ait “trisulcae fores, pessulis libratae, dehiscunt, graves atque innixae in cardinum tardos turbines”. quidam trabes aeneas putant ipsum templum chalkioikon significari. uersus sane ipse hypermetros est. 

{{ancora+|449|[[Aeneis/Liber I#449|449.]]}} {{sc|'''foribvs'''}} fores proprie dicuntur quae foras aperiuntur, sicut apud ueteres fuit; ualuae autem sunt, ut dicit Varro, “quae revoluuntur et se uelant”. ianua autem est primus domus ingressus, dicta quia Iano consecratum est omne principium. cetera intra ianuam ostia uocantur generaliter, sive ualuae sint, sive fores: quamuis usus ista corruperit. CARDO ‘cardo’ dictus quasi cor ianuae, quo movetur. {{sc|'''stridebat aenis'''}} ad sua rettulit tempora. cautum enim fuerat post proditum hostibus a Tarpeia uirgine Capitolium, ut aerei cardines fierent, quorum stridor posset aperta ostia omnibus indicare. 

{{ancora+|450|[[Aeneis/Liber I#450|450.]]}} {{sc|'''hoc primvm in lvco'''}}  secuta sunt enim et alia, quae detraxere formidinem. {{sc|'''timorem'''}} multi quaerunt, cur post uisam matrem quicquam timuerit: quod tamen alii sic soluunt, ut dicant, ne tunc quidem Aeneam Venerem quam uiderat esse credidisse, cuius, ut ipse putabat, agnitae nulla uerba perceperat. sed uera solutio haec est: Venus nihil de Afrorum moribus, unde nunc formidat Aeneas, sed de classe liberata dixerat filio. uel quia non in totum Aeneas matris fiducia confirmandus est, ne nihil supersit magnanimitati et laudibus uiri fortis. sciendum tamen est in Vergilio interdum ualidiora esse obiecta purgatis, uel contra, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|451|[[Aeneis/Liber I#451|451.]]}} {{sc|'''leniit'''}} quartae coniugationis tempus praeteritum perfectum uel in ‘ui’ iunctam exit, uel sublata digammo in ‘ii’ pro nostro arbitrio, ut lenivi lenii, audivi audii. sane cum in ‘ui’ exit, paenultima longa est et ipsa accentum retinet; cum uero in ‘ii’, paenultima brevis est et perdit accentum, quia, ut supra diximus “unius ob noxam”, quotiens uocalis uocalem sequitur detrahit longitudinem praecedenti; sed hoc in metro, ubi necessitas cogit; nam in prosa et naturam suam et accentum retentat. nunc ergo ‘leniit’ tertia a fine habet accentum, quia paenultima brevis est. sane plerumque accentum suum retinet etiam sermo corruptus, ut Mercuri Domiti ovidi tertia a fine habere debuit accentum, quia paenultima brevis est, sed constat haec nomina apocopen pertulisse: nam apud maiores idem erat uocativus qui et nominativus, ut hi Mercurius et o Mercurius: unde ‘cu’ licet brevis sit, etiam post apocopen suum servat accentum. 

{{ancora+|452|[[Aeneis/Liber I#452|452.]]}} {{sc|'''avsvs'''}} bene ‘ausus’, quia inter incerta satis audacter salus speratur. ADFLICTIS ‘de adflictis’; nec enim esse septimus casus potest. CONFIDERE ⟨et⟩ fido et confido dativum regit, ut “et fidere nocti”. sane optima figura est quae numquam a principalitate discedit, ut “atque humiles habitare casas” accusativo iunxit, quia habeo domum dicimus, unde est habito frequentativum. 

{{ancora+|453|[[Aeneis/Liber I#453|453.]]}} {{sc|'''svb templo'''}}  hoc est in templo, ut supra. 

{{ancora+|454|[[Aeneis/Liber I#454|454.]]}} {{sc|'''reginam opperiens'''}}  aut quam intellegebat esse uenturam ex artificum festinatione: aut certe uidendae reginae occasionem requirens. {{sc|'''qvae fortvna'''}} felicitas. et ‘quae’ hic admirandi significatus. 

{{ancora+|455|[[Aeneis/Liber I#455|455.]]}} {{sc|'''artificvmqve manvs inter se'''}}  hoc est, habebat artificum conparationem. ‘inter se’ autem inter se certantium, an aliquid tale. 

{{ancora+|456|[[Aeneis/Liber I#456|456.]]}} {{sc|'''ex ordine'''}}  hoc loco ostendit omnem pugnam esse depictam, sed haec tantum dicit quae aut Diomedes gessit aut Achilles: per quod excusatur Aeneas, si est a fortibus uictus. sane pugna est temporale certamen, idem et proelium significat; bellum autem universi temporis dicitur, ut Punicum, Mithridaticum. Sallustius “ita sperat pugnam illam pro omni bello futuram”. Livius “ni Pyrrhus unicus pugnandi artifex magisque in proelio, quam bello bonus”. 

{{ancora+|457|[[Aeneis/Liber I#457|457.]]}} {{sc|'''totvm vvlgata per orbem'''}}  quia Europa intulit, Asia passa est, Africa iam depingit. 

{{ancora+|458|[[Aeneis/Liber I#458|458.]]}} {{sc|'''atridas'''}} Atrei filios, Agamemnonem et Menelaum; sed usurpatum est, nam Plisthenis filii fuerunt. {{sc|'''saevvm ambobvs achillem'''}} atqui tres dixit, sed Atridas pro uno accipe, quos unius partis constat fuisse. an ‘ambobus’ Agamemnoni tantum et Priamo? an ambobus exercitibus? Graecis propter suam de Briseide iniuriam, Troianis propter Helenam, et ‘ambobus’ pro utrisque arte hunc. 

{{ancora+|460|[[Aeneis/Liber I#460|460.]]}} {{sc|'''plena laboris'''}}  plenus genetivo melius iungitur, ut Terentius “plenus rimarum sum”. Plautus “dedecoris pleniorem”. 

{{ancora+|461|[[Aeneis/Liber I#461|461.]]}} {{sc|'''en priamvs'''}}  laus picturae est, per quam non imago, sed prope ipse ostenditur Priamus. {{sc|'''svnt hic etiam sva praemia lavdi'''}} ut supra diximus, omnis Aeneae sollicitudo de moribus Afrorum est, quam nunc picturae contemplatione deponit. qui enim bella depingunt, et uirtutem diligunt et miseratione tanguntur. {{sc|'''sva'''}} id est congrua, ut “strueremque suis altaria donis”. {{sc|'''lavdi'''}} uirtuti, ut “primam merui qui laude coronam”. 

{{ancora+|462|[[Aeneis/Liber I#462|462.]]}} {{sc|'''mortalia'''}} aduersa, quibus constat subiacere mortales. alii mortales casus accipiunt, uel absolute g-ta g-anthrohpina. 

{{ancora+|463|[[Aeneis/Liber I#463|463.]]}} {{sc|'''solve metvm'''}}  collectio est. nam ubi uirtus praemia, aduersa miserationem merentur, rite formido deponitur. {{sc|'''feret'''}} pro adferet. et hic reddidit “hoc primum in luco nova res oblata timorem leniit”. 

{{ancora+|464|[[Aeneis/Liber I#464|464.]]}} {{sc|'''inani'''}} epitheton est picturae, aut quia caret corporum quae imitatur plenitudine, aut quia nullius est utilitatis, sed tantum delectat; nam apud ueteres g-mataiotechnia uel g-pseudotechnia dicta est. ‘pascit’ autem delectat, ut “non animum modo uti pascat prospectus inanem”; uel ut quidam uolunt ad stupentis animum rettulit, qui uel inanibus commovebatur. 

{{ancora+|465|[[Aeneis/Liber I#465|465.]]}} {{sc|'''mvlta gemens'''}}  graecum est g-polla g-stenazohn. {{sc|'''largoqve vmectat flvmine vvltvm'''}} tapinosis est quia dixit ‘umectat’. ‘largo’ nam ‘flumine’ est fluore, id est fluxu ipso. 

{{ancora+|466|[[Aeneis/Liber I#466|466.]]}} {{sc|'''pergama circvm'''}}  abusive; non enim circa Pergama, hoc est arcem, sed circa Troiam bella gerebantur. 

{{ancora+|467|[[Aeneis/Liber I#467|467.]]}} {{sc|'''troianae ivventvs'''}}  definitio est Hectoris, ut “Catillusque acerque Coras, Argiva iuventus”. et re uera sic paene ubique Homerus ponit, ut Hectori tantum uel Achilli totus cedat exercitus. 

{{ancora+|468|[[Aeneis/Liber I#468|468.]]}} {{sc|'''hac phryges'''}}  bene ubique Vergilius pro negotii qualitate dat Troianis et nomina. nam timidos Phrygas uocat, ut hoc loco, item “o uere Phrygiae, neque enim Phryges”; Dardanidas generosos, ut “Dardanidae magni genus alto a sanguine divum”; Laomedontiadas perfidos, ut “nondum Laomedonteae sentis periuria gentis”; Troas fortes, ut “Troes agunt, princeps turmas inducit Asilas”; Hectoreos quoque fortes, ut “nunc nunc insurgite remis, Hectorei socii”. {{sc|'''cristatvs achilles'''}} secundum Homerum, qui dicit in Achillis cristis terribile quiddam fuisse. ‘cristatus’ autem participium est derivatum a genere feminino. 

{{ancora+|469|[[Aeneis/Liber I#469|469.]]}} {{sc|'''nec procvl hinc rhesi'''}}  Rhesus rex Thraciae fuit, ⟨ut⟩ quidam tradunt Martis, ut alii Hebri uel Strymonis et Euterpes Musae filius: qui cum ad Troiae venisset auxilia clausisque iam portis tentoria locavisset in litore, Dolone prodente Troiano, qui missus fuerat speculator, a Diomede et Vlixe est interfectus, qui et ipsi speculatum venerant; abductique sunt equi, quibus pendebant fata Troiana, ut, si pabulo Troiano usi essent uel de Xantho Troiae fluvio bibissent, Troia perire non posset. 

{{ancora+|470|[[Aeneis/Liber I#470|470.]]}} {{sc|'''primo somno'''}}  prima parte noctis, ut “libra die somnique pares ubi fecerit horas”. aut ‘primo somno’, ut graviorem ostenderet somnum; aut prima nocte, quia ante Rhesus in Troia non fuerat. 

{{ancora+|471|[[Aeneis/Liber I#471|471.]]}} {{sc|'''tydides'''}} Diomedes. et bene Vlixen celat propter Aeneam, ut supra diximus, aut quia secundum Homerum occidente Diomede cadavera ulixes trahebat. 

{{ancora+|472|[[Aeneis/Liber I#472|472.]]}} {{sc|'''ardentes'''}} et candidos significat et ueloces, ut “pernicibus ignea plantis”. si ignea uelox est, sine dubio et ardens. 

{{ancora+|473|[[Aeneis/Liber I#473|473.]]}} {{sc|'''xanthvm'''}} fluvium Troiae. 

{{ancora+|474|[[Aeneis/Liber I#474|474.]]}} {{sc|'''parte alia fvgiens amissis troilvs armis'''}}  ‘parte alia’ scilicet templi. et ueritas quidem hoc habet: Troili amore Achillem ductum palumbes ei quibus ille delectabatur obiecisse: quas cum uellet tenere, captus ab Achille in eius amplexibus periit. sed hoc quasi indignum heroo carmine mutavit poeta. {{sc|'''fvgiens'''}} fugere uolens accepto iam uulnere. {{sc|'''amissis armis'''}} uel aetatis inbecillitate, uel uulneris dolore incipientibus. 

{{ancora+|475|[[Aeneis/Liber I#475|475.]]}} {{sc|'''infelix'''}} multi hoc loco distinguunt et subiungunt ‘puer atque inpar congressus Achilli’, ut ex eo inparem ostendat, quod puer; sed tamen etiam si iungas ‘puer’, unus est sensus. {{sc|'''atqve inpar'''}} ac si diceret, etiam si puer non esset. {{sc|'''congressvs achilli'''}} congredior tibi antiqui dicebant, sicut pugno tibi, dimico tibi. hodie dicimus congredior tecum, pugno tecum, dimico tecum. 

{{ancora+|476|[[Aeneis/Liber I#476|476.]]}} {{sc|'''fertvr eqvis'''}}  trahitur. {{sc|'''cvrrv'''}} curribus falcatis usos esse maiores et Livius et Sallustius docent. potuerunt ergo et simplicibus. {{sc|'''resvpinvs'''}} resupinus quo modo hastam trahebat? sed intellegitur Achillis hastam transisse per pectus et a parte qua ferrum est a tergo trahi. {{sc|'''inani'''}} sine rectore; nam corpus haerebat. 

{{ancora+|477|[[Aeneis/Liber I#477|477.]]}} {{sc|'''lora tenens tamen'''}}  quamquam mortuus. 

{{ancora+|478|[[Aeneis/Liber I#478|478.]]}} {{sc|'''versa'''}} tracta, ut Plautus “inveniam omnia uersa, sparsa”. venit autem ab eo quod est uerror. {{sc|'''inscribitvr'''}} dilaceratur, ut Plautus “corpus tuum uirgis ulmeis inscribam”. {{sc|'''hasta'''}} hostili scilicet, quam sicut dictum est transfixus trahebat. 

{{ancora+|479|[[Aeneis/Liber I#479|479.]]}} {{sc|'''interea'''}} dum haec geruntur. et satis opportune a matribus festinatur ad templum, ut alibi “nec non ad templum summasque ad Palladis arces”. {{sc|'''interea ad templvm'''}} cum Diomedes auxilio Minervae plurimos Troianorum fudisset, Helenus, Priami filius, uates monuit, ut Minervae numen exoraretur, et cum precibus deae ponerent uestem quam regina speciosissimam habebat, id est peplum, unde post Minervae palla peplum appellata est. dea tamen, memor iudicii Paridis, Troianis infesta permansit. et mire in pictura temporali aduerbio quamuis non possit. {{sc|'''non aeqvae'''}} id est iniquae, infestae. litotes figura est, ut alibi “et uacuis Clanius non aequus acerris”. 

{{ancora+|480|[[Aeneis/Liber I#480|480.]]}} {{sc|'''passis'''}} participium est ab eo quod est ‘pandor’. ideo autem non facit ‘pansus’, quia plerumque ‘n’, quod in prima uerbi positione invenitur, in praeterito participio non est. de qua re euphonia iudicat, ut ab eo quod est ‘tundor’ et ‘tunsus’ facit, ut “tunsae pectora palmis”, et ‘tusus’, ut “non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni”. sciendum tamen est, licet alia euphoniae causa uarientur uel in generibus uel in numeris, ‘nactus’ tamen et ‘passus’ ‘n’ penitus numquam accipere. {{sc|'''peplvmqve ferebant'''}} peplum proprie est palla picta feminea Minervae consecrata, ut Plautus “numquam ad civitatem venio, nisi cum infertur peplum”. hodie tamen multi abutuntur hoc nomine. 

{{ancora+|481|[[Aeneis/Liber I#481|481.]]}} {{sc|'''svppliciter tristes'''}}  ut decet rogantes. et bene addidit ‘suppliciter’, quia et per iracundiam, et per gravitatem, et per religionem, et per dolorem tristes sumus. {{sc|'''svppliciter tristes'''}} hoc est rogantes cum tristitia. {{sc|'''tvnsae pectora'''}} ut “oculos suffusa”. 

{{ancora+|482|[[Aeneis/Liber I#482|482.]]}} {{sc|'''aversa'''}} irata significat. nec enim poterat conuertere se simulacrum. sic alibi “talia dicentem iamdudum aversa tuetur” si tuetur, quomodo aversa, nisi iratam intellegas? ergo aversa ad animum refertur. 

{{ancora+|483|[[Aeneis/Liber I#483|483.]]}} {{sc|'''ter circvm iliacos'''}}  hoc ad Aeneam referendum est, qui sciebat. {{sc|'''ter circvm iliacos'''}} apud auctores multa ad sensum, non ad aspectum possunt referri. tertio enim tractum intellegere possumus, non in pictura conspicere. unde est et illud “mulcere alternos et corpora fingere lingua”. aut certe tale erat in pictura corpus, ut in eo appareret frequentis raptationis iniuria. sane huius rei ordo talis est. Patroclus cum iratum Achillem propter Briseidem sublatam ut aduersum Troianos pugnaret exorare non posset, petit ab eo arma quae Peleo Vulcanus fecerat; quibus indutus dum Achilles crederetur, fugatis Troianis omnibus etiam plurimos interemit, ipse uero ab Hectore occisus est. quo dolore Achilles conpulsus, inpetratis per matrem a Vulcano armis, Hectorem proelio superatum peremit, eiusque corpus ad currum religatum circa muros Ilii traxit, quod post placatus auro repensum Priamo reddidit. {{sc|'''raptaverat'''}} bene forma usus est frequentativa, per quam ostendit quod per numerum dixerat. 

{{ancora+|484|[[Aeneis/Liber I#484|484.]]}} {{sc|'''exanimvm'''}} exanimus et exanimis dicimus, sicut unanimus et unanimis, inermus et inermis. ergo pro nostro arbitrio aut secundae erunt declinationis, aut tertiae; sed a tertia ablativum singularem in i mittunt, quia communis sunt generis. exanimis autem est mortuus, ut hic indicat locus, exanimatus uero timens, ut “exanimata sequens inpingeret agmina muris”. {{sc|'''vendebat'''}} ingenti arte utitur uerbis: nam hoc loco, quia pingi potuit, praesens tempus posuit, superius, quia pingi non potuit, sed referri, perfecto exsecutus est tempore dicendo ‘raptaverat’, non ‘raptabat’. 

{{ancora+|485|[[Aeneis/Liber I#485|485.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm vero ingentem gemitvm'''}}  iam enim superius eum lacrimasse dixerat: hoc ergo addidit uisum Hectoris corpus, ut etiam graviter gemeret. non ergo tum primum, sed tum maxime. 

{{ancora+|486|[[Aeneis/Liber I#486|486.]]}} {{sc|'''vt cvrrvs'''}}  quo tractus est. {{sc|'''amici'''}} autem plus est, quam si Hectoris diceret. alibi “paruumque patri tendebat Iulum”, cum potuerit dicere ‘mihi’. 

{{ancora+|487|[[Aeneis/Liber I#487|487.]]}} {{sc|'''manvs inermes'''}}  aut sine sceptro, aut supplices, ut “dextras tendamus inermes”: quod tractum est de historia; qui enim se dedunt, inermes supplicant. aut re uera inermes tunc; contra Pyrrhum enim processit armatus. sane per transitum historiam tetigit, quia constat Priamum, cum ad supplicandum tentorium Achillis fuisset ingressus, dormientem Achillem excitavisse, ut pro filii corpore rogaret eum, cum eum potuisset occidere: licet hoc Homerus propter Achillis turpitudinem supprimat. 

{{ancora+|488|[[Aeneis/Liber I#488|488.]]}} {{sc|'''se qvoqve principibvs permixtvm agnovit achivis'''}}  aut latenter proditionem tangit, ut supra diximus: ut excusatur ab ipso in secundo “Iliaci cineres” et cetera: aut uirtutem eius uult ostendere; nimiae enim fortitudinis est inter hostium tela uersari, ut Sallustius “Catilina longe a suis inter hostilia cadavera repertus est”. Cornutus tamen dicit uersu isto “uadimus inmixti Danais” hoc esse soluendum. 

{{ancora+|489|[[Aeneis/Liber I#489|489.]]}} {{sc|'''eoas'''}} ‘e’ naturaliter longa est, fit tamen brevis interdum cum eam uocalis sequitur, ut “primo surgebat Eoo”. {{sc|'''nigri memnonis arma'''}} quia Tithonus, frater Laomedontis, raptus ab Aurora filium suum Memnonem ex ipsa progenitum, inlectus dono uitis aureae Priamo ad Troiae misit auxilia. qui congressus cum Achille ab eo est interemptus, cuius mortem mater Aurora hodieque matutino rore flere dicitur. ‘nigri’ autem dixit Aethiopis, unde prima consurgit Aurora. {{sc|'''arma'''}} vulcania, ut ille indicat uersus “te potuit lacrimis Tithonia flectere coniunx”. 

{{ancora+|490|[[Aeneis/Liber I#490|490.]]}} {{sc|'''dvcit amazonidvm'''}}  hoc est quod supra dixit “uidet Iliacas ex ordine pugnas”. Homerus enim haec omnia tacuit quae facta sunt post Hectoris mortem. ‘Amazonidum’ autem derivatio est pro principalitate, sicut “Scipiadas duros bello” pro Scipionibus. sane Amazones dictae sunt uel quod simul uivant sine uiris, quasi g-hama g-zosai, uel quod unam mammam exustam habeant, quasi g-aneu g-mazou. has autem iam non esse constat, utpote extinctas partim ab Hercule, partim ab Achille. {{sc|'''peltis'''}} scutis brevissimis in modum lunae iam mediae. {{sc|'''lvnatis'''}} autem participium a feminino genere derivatum. 

{{ancora+|491|[[Aeneis/Liber I#491|491.]]}} {{sc|'''penthesilea fvrens'''}}  furentem ideo dixit, quia sororem suam in venatione confixit simulans se cervam ferire. sed hoc per transitum tangit, nam furor bellicus intellegitur. an ‘furens’, quia maiora uiribus audebat. haec tamen Martis et Otreres filia fuit, quam Achilles cum aduersum se pugnantem peremisset post mortem eius adamavit eamque honorifice sepelivit. ‘ducit’ autem et ‘ardet’ ad laudem picturae pertinet. 

{{ancora+|492|[[Aeneis/Liber I#492|492.]]}} {{sc|'''avrea'''}} amphibolon est hoc loco, utrum ipsa aurea, an aurea cingula. sciendum tamen plerumque amphiboliam metri ratione dissolui, ut “aurea composuit sponda” Dido ‘aurea’: si enim ad spondam referas, non stat uersus. {{sc|'''svbnectens'''}} subnexa habens. {{sc|'''exertae'''}} nudatae; nudant enim quam adusserint mammam. 

{{ancora+|493|[[Aeneis/Liber I#493|493.]]}} {{sc|'''virgo'''}} et sexum ostendit et aetatem. {{sc|'''virgo'''}} plus dixit, quam si feminam diceret. figuram tamen Graecam facit. 

{{ancora+|495|[[Aeneis/Liber I#495|495.]]}} {{sc|'''dvm stvpet'''}}  aut absolute, aut dum haec stupet. {{sc|'''obtvtv'''}} aspectu. {{sc|'''in vno'''}} in unoquoque, hoc est singula mirabatur. 

{{ancora+|496|[[Aeneis/Liber I#496|496.]]}} {{sc|'''forma'''}} ut “pulchra prole”. 

{{ancora+|497|[[Aeneis/Liber I#497|497.]]}} {{sc|'''incessit'''}} ut “incedunt pueri”; sed hic ‘intervenit’. {{sc|'''stipante caterva'''}} ad hoc tantum sequens pertinet comparatio, quam uituperant multi, nescientes exempla uel parabolas uel conparationes adsumptas non semper usquequaque congruere, sed interdum omni parte, interdum aliqua convenire. 

{{ancora+|498|[[Aeneis/Liber I#498|498.]]}} {{sc|'''evrotae ripis'''}}  fluvii Laconicae. {{sc|'''cynthi'''}} montis Deli, in quo natam constat Dianam. sane Dianam ueteres ideo melius producebant, quia sub divo dea sit venandi gratia. 

{{ancora+|499|[[Aeneis/Liber I#499|499.]]}} {{sc|'''exercet diana choros'''}}  hoc non ad conparationem pertinet, sed est poeticae descriptionis evagatio, quia chori nec personis hic nec locis congruunt; saltantium enim et cantantium dicuntur. {{sc|'''mille'''}} finitus numerus pro infinito; nam de nympharum numero uaria est opinio. 

{{ancora+|500|[[Aeneis/Liber I#500|500.]]}} {{sc|'''oreades'''}} nymphae montium Oreades dicuntur, siluarum Dryades, quae cum siluis nascuntur Amadryades, fontium Napeae uel Naides, maris uero Nereides. 

{{ancora+|502|[[Aeneis/Liber I#502|502.]]}} {{sc|'''tacitvm'''}} maior enim est taciturnitatis adfectus, ut supra “haec secum”. sic Terentius “ut mecum tacita gaudeam”. {{sc|'''tacitvm'''}} pro tacite, ut “tacitumque obsedit limen Amatae”; aut tacita gaudet. {{sc|'''pertemptant'''}} modo uehementer temptant. alibi leviter, ut “blanda uicissim gaudia pertemptant mentem”. sunt enim multa quae pro locis intelleguntur, ut ‘inpotens’ et satis et minus et nihil potens significat. {{sc|'''instans operi'''}} zeugma est ad sequentia pertinens. 

{{ancora+|504|[[Aeneis/Liber I#504|504.]]}} {{sc|'''regnisqve fvtvris'''}}  regnaturae Carthagini; nam ipsa iam regnabat. 

{{ancora+|505|[[Aeneis/Liber I#505|505.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm foribvs divae'''}}  instans praecipue foribus. et hoc loco distinguendum est; magno enim studio et labore templorum fores fiebant, quas quibusdam insignibant historiis, ut “in foribus letum Androgei”, item “in foribus pugnam ex auro solidoque elephanto”. quamuis quidam iungant ‘tum foribus divae media testudine templi’, ut unum intellegas tectum templi et pronai: quod si est, sub medio tecto sunt fores. sed prima melior expositio est. {{sc|'''testvdine'''}} camera incurva, id est fornicata, quae secundum eos qui scripserunt de ratione templorum, ideo sic fit, ut simulacro caeli imaginem reddat, quod constat esse conuexum. quidam tradunt apud ueteres omnia templa in modum testudinis facta, at uero sequenti aetate divinis simulacris positis, nihilominus in templis factas esse testudines, quod Varro ait, ut separatum esset, ubi metus esset, ubi religio administraretur. bene ergo, cum de templo loqueretur, addidit ei testudinem. idem Varro de lingua Latina ad Ciceronem “in aedibus locus patulus relinquebatur sub divo, qui si non erat relictus et contectus erat, appellabatur testudo”. Cicero in Bruto “commentatum in ⟨quadam testudine cum seruis litteratis fuisse⟩”. quidam testudinem locum in parte atrii uolunt aduersum venientibus. alii hunc ordinem uolunt ‘tum foribus divae templi resedit, media scutorum testudine’, quia saepta armis erat. hoc sane genus fabricae ab animalis similitudine quae testudo uocatur captum est: de qua fabula talis est. uirgo quaedam nomine Chelone, linguae inpatientis fuit. uerum cum Iuppiter Iunonem sibi nuptiis iungeret, praecepit Mercurio, ut omnes deos et homines atque omnia animalia ad nuptias conuocaret. sed omnibus quos Mercurius monuerat convenientibus, sola Chelone, irridens et derogans nuptiis, nectens moras adesse contempsit. quam cum Mercurius non venisse notavisset, denuo descendit ad terras et aedes Chelones supra fluvium positas praecipitavit in fluvium ipsamque Chelonen in animal sui nominis uertit, quam nos Latine testudinem dicimus, fecitque, ut pro poena dorso tectum, uelut domum suam prona portaret: unde incurvatis aedificiis hoc nomen inpositum est. 

{{ancora+|506|[[Aeneis/Liber I#506|506.]]}} {{sc|'''saepta armis'''}}  satellitum scilicet. uel ut quidam uolunt pro armatis, ut “feta armis”. {{sc|'''solio'''}} solium proprie est armarium uno ligno factum, in quo reges sedebant propter tutelam corporis sui, dictum quasi solidum. modo iam abusive sellam regalem intellegimus. {{sc|'''alte'''}} alto fulta suggestu. ac si diceret, in tribunali. {{sc|'''svbnixa'''}} pro subnisa, ut supra diximus. alii pro innixa accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|507|[[Aeneis/Liber I#507|507.]]}} {{sc|'''ivra dabat legesqve viris'''}}  ius generale est, sed lex iuris est species: non est ergo iteratio. et bene ‘dabat’; primi enim Locri scriptis usi sunt legibus, nam superior aetas contenta fuit moribus. quod autem dixit ‘uiris’, ad Didonis pertinet laudem, et separatim enuntiandum, ut sit maior admiratio. 

{{ancora+|508|[[Aeneis/Liber I#508|508.]]}} {{sc|'''sorte trahebat'''}}  proprie locutus est; trahuntur enim sortes, hoc est educuntur. et bene tam regnantis quam aedificantis urbem inplere ostendit officium. 

{{ancora+|509|[[Aeneis/Liber I#509|509.]]}} {{sc|'''concvrsv accedere magno'''}}  cum magna Afrorum multitudine. et hoc est quod formidat Aeneas, incertus qua eos mente comitentur. 

{{ancora+|512|[[Aeneis/Liber I#512|512.]]}} {{sc|'''dispvlerat'''}} segregaverat. et magna est inter ‘di’ et ‘de’ differentia, ut diximus. {{sc|'''penitvs'''}} longe a regina remotos: quae res etiam insolentes custodes litorum facit. 

{{ancora+|513|[[Aeneis/Liber I#513|513.]]}} {{sc|'''obstipvit'''}} et ad mirationem et ad timorem hic pertinet sermo, quo dicenda praeoccupat. {{sc|'''percvlsvs'''}} ad utrumque pertinet. 

{{ancora+|514|[[Aeneis/Liber I#514|514.]]}} {{sc|'''laetitiaqve metvqve'''}}  laetitia propter socios, metu propter concursum. uel quod incerti erant de uoluntate Didonis. {{sc|'''avidi conivngere'''}} pro ‘ut coniungerent’, uel ad coniungendum avidi. 

{{ancora+|515|[[Aeneis/Liber I#515|515.]]}} {{sc|'''ardebant'''}} cupiebant, ut “formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexim”. ardeo autem et accusativum regit et ablativum. {{sc|'''res incognita'''}} id est qua adfectione Poenorum populus conveniret. 

{{ancora+|516|[[Aeneis/Liber I#516|516.]]}} {{sc|'''dissimvlant'''}} dissimulamus nota, simulamus ignota, ut Sallustius “simulator ac dissimulator”. 

{{ancora+|517|[[Aeneis/Liber I#517|517.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae fortvna'''}}  utrum prospera, an aduersa? et hic ostenditur, unde sit metus. 

{{ancora+|518|[[Aeneis/Liber I#518|518.]]}} {{sc|'''cvncti nam lecti navibvs'''}}  bene addidit ‘lecti’, ne penitus omnes intellegeres. nonnulli tamen ‘lectis navibus’ legunt: quod et si sit, hypallage est, et illuc sensus recurrit. et sciendum, plerumque ut hoc loco addi aliquid generalitati et fieri specialitatem. item si dicas ‘omnes scolastici laborant’, generalitas est; si addas ‘isti’, fit specialitas, ut Sallustius “transgressos omnis recipit mons Balleia” prudenter addidit ‘transgressos’. {{sc|'''cvncti'''}} non idem significat quod omnes. Cicero saepe ait “cuncti atque omnes”, quia omnes non statim sunt cuncti, nisi idem simul sunt iuncti. 

{{ancora+|519|[[Aeneis/Liber I#519|519.]]}} {{sc|'''orantes veniam'''}}  pacem propter incendium navium. et proprie uerbum pontificale est: unde est “tu modo posce deos veniam” et paulo post “pacemque per aras exquirunt”. dicta autem venia ad eliciendam misericordiam; meretur enim benivolentiam numinum qui, licet innocens sit, veniam tamen tamquam peccaverit petit: unde est confessio illa in Terentio “quid meritu's? crucem”. {{sc|'''orantes veniam'''}} venia quidem pro culpa petitur, sed nunc beneficium. aliqui tamen veniam pro inpunitate accipiunt, nam mox addidit ‘prohibe infandos a navibus ignes’. 

{{ancora+|520|[[Aeneis/Liber I#520|520.]]}} {{sc|'''maximvs ilionevs'''}}  rebus omnibus maximus; nec enim aliquid addidit. ergo et aetate et honore et facundia et omni uirtute accipiunt. et non sine causa ipsum ubique inducit loquentem; ut enim Homerus dicit, Phorbas pater Ilionei semper Mercurio deo eloquentiae favente pugnavit, ut Horatius “Mercuri facunde nepos Atlantis”. merito ergo huic datur eloquentia. {{sc|'''placido sic pectore coepit'''}} more suo uno sermone habitum futurae orationis expressit. bene ergo ‘placido’, ne timore consternatus uideretur, quem ideo aetate maximum et patientem ostendit, ut ei auctoritas et de aetate et de moribus crescat. ergo ‘placido’ ad placandum apto; et definitio est oratoris, qui talem se debet componere, qualem uult iudicem reddere. 

{{ancora+|522|[[Aeneis/Liber I#522|522.]]}} {{sc|'''o regina'''}}  secundum artem rhetoricam id ei dat quod uult inpetrare. nam eam per laudem benivolam reddidit. quae benivolentia in principiis controversiarum secundum praecepta rhetorica quattuor modis conciliatur: a iudicum persona, a nostra, ab aduersariorum, a re ipsa. quod hic invenitur: a iudicum persona ‘o regina novam c- c- I- u-’, a sua persona ‘Troes te miseri’ et cetera, ab aduersariorum ‘quod genus hoc hominum’, a re ipsa ‘hospitio prohibemur harenae’. post praeparatam igitur benivolentiam et ex sua persona miseratione commota adhibet preces ‘prohibe infandos a navibus i- p- p- g- e- p- r- a-’ an possint? ‘non ea uis animo n- t- s- u-’ quo ergo ibatis? ‘est locus Hesperiam G- c- d-’ et cur huc venistis? ‘cum subito adsurgens f- n-. O-’ ne autem possint timeri, ait ‘pauci uestris adnavimus oris’. an gratiam referant? ‘officio nec te certasse priorem paeniteat’. quod autem Aeneam laudat, occulte etiam terrorem incutit dicendo ‘nec bello maior et armis’. dicit etiam esse qui uindicent, si fiat iniuria ‘sunt et Siculis regionibus u- a- q- T- q- a- s- c- A-’ an recessuri sint? ‘quassatam uentis liceat subd- c-’ et subiunxit, etiamsi regem amisimus et Italiam non petimus, tamen ad Siciliam necessario discedemus ‘si datur Italiam s- e- reliqua. sin absumpta salus e- t- p- o- T- p- h- L- n- s- i- r- I- at freta Sicaniae saltem’. {{sc|'''novam vrbem'''}} iuxta Poenorum opinionem dixit, qui novam civitatem Carthaginem dicunt. 

{{ancora+|523|[[Aeneis/Liber I#523|523.]]}} {{sc|'''ivstitia'''}} bene consideravit sexum; nec enim ‘uirtute’ poterat dicere. {{sc|'''gentes'''}} non Carthaginiensium, sed circumiacentium barbarorum. {{sc|'''frenare'''}} continere, ut contra et “Numidae infreni cingunt”. 

{{ancora+|524|[[Aeneis/Liber I#524|524.]]}} {{sc|'''troes te miseri'''}}  tacitis occurrit quaestionibus, ne ad populationem venisse uideantur more qui tunc uigebat. et uidetur aliud ad dignitatem, aliud ad miserationem protulisse. {{sc|'''ventis maria omnia vecti'''}} per maria. et est contra illud, sicut dictum est, cur ad Africam venerint. 

{{ancora+|526|[[Aeneis/Liber I#526|526.]]}} {{sc|'''parce pio generi'''}}  quotiens inuidiosae sunt praesentes personae, rhetoricum est ad alias confugere, ut hoc loco confugit ad genus. {{sc|'''et propivs'''}} uicinius scilicet, ut tamquam uicti accipiantur, non tales omnes credantur, qualis Paris fuit in Spartae expugnatione raptuque Helenae. nam historiae hoc habet ueritas, non uoluntate Helenam secutam, sed expugnata raptam civitate, unde et recipi meruit a marito. tangit autem hoc latenter Vergilius illo loco “me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnavit adulter”. ergo bene non nos, sed res nostras dixit. 

{{ancora+|527|[[Aeneis/Liber I#527|527.]]}} {{sc|'''popvlare'''}} quia apud ueteres haec erat maxime causa navigandi. sane antiqui et populo et populor dicebant, unde est ‘populare’ et “populatque ingentem farris aceruum curculio”. nunc tamen passiva tantum utimur declinatione. quidam ‘populare’ pro ad populandum uel pro populatum accipiunt. {{sc|'''vertere'''}} pro aduertere. 

{{ancora+|529|[[Aeneis/Liber I#529|529.]]}} {{sc|'''non ea vis animo'''}}  argumentum ab inpossibili sicut dictum est, ut “quid Troes potuere?” ‘uis’ autem est possibilitas. {{sc|'''non ea vis animo'''}} id est, nec uolumus nec possumus. 

{{ancora+|530|[[Aeneis/Liber I#530|530.]]}} {{sc|'''est locvs'''}}  conparatione orbis totius Italia locus est; nam provincia locus non potest dici. minus est autem ‘quam’ uel ‘quem locum’, ut “urbs antiqua fuit”. aut ideo ‘locus’, ut ostendat paruo posse esse contentos. {{sc|'''hesperiam'''}} hesperiae duae sunt, una quae Hispania dicitur, altera quae est in Italia. quae hac ratione discernuntur: aut enim Hesperiam solam dicis et significas Italiam, aut addis ‘ultimam’ et significas Hispaniam, quae in occidentis est fine, ut Horatius “qui nunc Hesperia sospes ab ultima”. et haec est uera Hesperia, ab Hespero dicta, id est stella occidentali. ceterum Italia Hesperia dicitur a fratre Atlantis, qui pulsus a germano Italiam tenuit eique nomen pristinae regionis inposuit, ut Hyginus docet. {{sc|'''grai cognomine dicvnt'''}} bene ‘Grai’, ut et ipsa cognoscat, sicut in octavo “Electra, ut Grai perhibent, Atlantide cretus”. 

{{ancora+|531|[[Aeneis/Liber I#531|531.]]}} {{sc|'''antiqva'''}} nobilis; nec enim nova esse potest, licet primam terram suam esse dicant Athenienses. {{sc|'''potens armis'''}} dicendo ‘potens armis’, Troianos laudavit, ut ostenderet, non se bellicosam timere provinciam. UBERE GLEBAE ‘uber’ proprie est fecunditas. et bene Italiae uirtutem fecunditatemque conlaudat, ne Africam petisse uideantur. 

{{ancora+|532|[[Aeneis/Liber I#532|532.]]}} {{sc|'''oenotri colvere viri'''}}  deest ‘quam’. Oenotria autem dicta est uel a uino optimo, quod in Italia nascitur, uel ut Varro dicit ab Oenotro, rege Sabinorum quia alii partem Italiae Oenotriam tradunt ex Arcadia profectum in Italiam venisse cum Pelasgis et eam sibi cognominem fecisse. {{sc|'''fama'''}} subaudimus ‘est’. {{sc|'''minores'''}} maiores et minores quotiens de genere dicimus numeri sunt tantum pluralis. 

{{ancora+|533|[[Aeneis/Liber I#533|533.]]}} {{sc|'''italiam'''}} Italus rex Siciliae ad eam partem venit in qua regnavit Turnus, quam a suo nomine appellavit Italiam: unde est “fines super usque Sicanos” non usque ad Siciliam; nec enim poterat fieri; sed usque ad ea loca, quae tenuerunt Sicani, id est Siculi a Sicano, Itali fratre. alii Italiam a bubus quibus est Italia fertilis, quia Graeci boves g-italous, nos uitulos dicimus; alii a rege Ligurum Italo; alii ab advena Molossio; alii a Corcyreo; alii a Veneris filio, rege Lucanorum; alii a quodam augure, qui cum Siculis in haec loca venerit quamque his regionem inauguraverit; plures atare tenari nepote desatura Minois, regis Cretensium, filia Italiam dictam. 

{{ancora+|534|[[Aeneis/Liber I#534|534.]]}} {{sc|'''hic cvrsvs'''}}  uel iste cursus, uel pro illuc. et cursus uerbum nauticum est, ut “hunc cursum Iliacas uento tenuisse carinas”. 

{{ancora+|535|[[Aeneis/Liber I#535|535.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm svbito'''}}  si ‘subito fluctu’, nomen est, si per se ‘subito’, aduerbium. {{sc|'''cvm svbito adsvrgens flvctv nimbosvs orion'''}} oenopion rex cum liberos non haberet, a Iove Neptuno Mercurioque, uel ut quidam tradunt, non Neptuno, sed Marte, quos hospitio susceperat, hortantibus, ut ab his aliquid postularet, petiit, ut sibi concederent liberos. illi intra corium immolati sibi bovis urina facta praeceperunt, ut obrutum terra conpletis maternis mensibus solueretur. quo facto inuentus est puer, cui nomen ab urina inpositum est, ut Ourion diceretur, quod Dorica lingua commutatum est, ut ou diphthongus in o conuerteretur. quod autem plerumque prima syllaba brevis invenitur, ut hoc loco, cum sit naturaliter longa, Graecae rationis est; nam detractio fit u litterae et o remanet brevis, quo modo “g-ourea g-te g-skioenta” pro orea, g-poiehson pro g-poehson. et hoc, quia aut o est naturaliter longa, aut ou diphthongus; ceterum si sit in proprio nomine dichronos, ut omnes Latinae sunt, propriorum nominum abutemur licentia, ut in artibus lectum est. Orion ergo postea venator factus, uelut trium parentum uiribus fisus, dum uellet cum Diana concumbere, ut Horatius dicit, eius sagittis occisus est, ut Lucanus, inmisso scorpione periit, et deorum miseratione relatus in sidera signum famosum tempestatibus fecit. ueri similius autem est a scorpione interemptum, quo oriente occidit, quia et scorpionem tamquam ultorem pudicitiae Diana inter sidera collocavit: cuius chelae amputatae aliud signum fecerunt; nam ipsae sunt libra. sane ipse Orion magnitudine sua multis oritur diebus, et ideo eius etiam apud peritos est incerta tempestas: unde dictum est ‘cum subito adsurgens’ ad excusationem non praevisae tempestatis. et multi superfluo quaerunt, cur ortus commemoretur Orionis, cum sit inmissa a Iunone tempestas. sed Ilioneus ista non novit quae a poeta supra dicta sunt, per musam, ut diximus, cognita. et constat numina nisi inuenta occasione nocere non posse: quod in omni suo opere Vergilius diligenter observat. bene autem ‘nimbosus’, qui et ortu suo et occasu tempestates conmovet, sicut ait Horatius “qua tristis Orion cadit”; et quia hoc signum ibi est, ubi Hyades circa frontem Tauri. 

{{ancora+|536|[[Aeneis/Liber I#536|536.]]}} {{sc|'''in vada caeca'''}}  incognita, latentia. {{sc|'''procacibvs avstris'''}} perseverantibus. et procax proprie petax est, nam procare est petere, unde et proci petitores dicuntur. alii ‘procacibus’ inpudentibus tradunt. 

{{ancora+|537|[[Aeneis/Liber I#537|537.]]}} {{sc|'''perqve vndas svperante salo'''}}  elevato mari et in undas diviso, ut solet in tempestate. ‘salo’ autem venit ab eo quod est hoc salum sali, nam “sale tabentes” ab eo quod est hic sal salis. PERQUE INVIA SAXA ‘inuia’, id est aspera, inmania. unde et Dido paulo post ‘quae uis inmanibus adplicat oris’? non enim suos uituperat, sed naturam litoris culpat. 

{{ancora+|538|[[Aeneis/Liber I#538|538.]]}} {{sc|'''hvc pavci'''}}  uult intellegi, ut quidam tradunt, superesse et alios qui sunt in futuro uindices, si isti fuerint laesi; nam hoc est quod ait ‘dispulit’, id est dispersit. {{sc|'''adnavimvs oris'''}} elegit uerbum aptum naufragio ad eliciendam misericordiam: quamuis et de navibus ‘natat’ lectum sit, ut “natat uncta carina”. {{sc|'''adnavimvs'''}} adnatavimus per syncopen, quotiens syllaba de medio subtrahitur. et bene ‘adnavimus’, quasi uix et opportune. 

{{ancora+|539|[[Aeneis/Liber I#539|539.]]}} {{sc|'''qvod genvs hoc hominvm'''}} ? rhetorice uituperaturus mores non ad Didonem loquitur, sed ad tertiam se confert personam. {{sc|'''quaeve hvnc tam barbara morem p- p-'''}} bene mores accusat terrae, ut humanitas patriae potius esse uideatur. 

{{ancora+|540|[[Aeneis/Liber I#540|540.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitio prohibemvr harenae'''}}  ut alibi “litusque rogamus”; occupantis est enim possessio litoris. unde ostenduntur crudeles qui etiam a communibus prohibeant. {{sc|'''hospitio prohibemvr harenae'''}} ut alibi “litusque rogamus innocuum”. litus enim iure gentium commune omnibus fuit et occupantis solebat eius esse possessio. Cicero in Rosciana “nam quid est tam commune, quam spiritus uivis, terra mortuis, mare fluctuantibus, litus eiectis?” unde ostenduntur crudeles qui etiam a communibus prohibeant. 

{{ancora+|541|[[Aeneis/Liber I#541|541.]]}} {{sc|'''bella cient'''}}  id est movent. et bene ‘cient’ et ‘uetant’ permanet in tertia persona, ne eos in hoc barbaros et inmites appellare uideatur. sane in principio modestius, hic iam commotius. {{sc|'''primaqve vetant consistere terra'''}} id est in litore, ut alibi “tuque o, cui prima frementem fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti”. 

{{ancora+|542|[[Aeneis/Liber I#542|542.]]}} {{sc|'''mortalia arma'''}}  mortalem possibilitatem. sane arma etiam consilia significant, ut “quaerere conscius arma”. sed hoc loco terret latenter propter Siciliam; nam et paulo post ait ‘sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes’, cum unam habeant in qua Acestes regnat: sed ad terrorem ‘urbes’ posuit. {{sc|'''temnitis'''}} autem pro contempnitis per aphaeresin dictum, quae est cum prima uerbi syllaba detrahitur. alii ‘mortalia arma’ pro humanitate accipiunt. 

{{ancora+|543|[[Aeneis/Liber I#543|543.]]}} {{sc|'''at sperate deos'''}}  abusive ‘timete’, ut alibi “hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem”, cum speremus bona, timeamus aduersa. ueteres tamen sperare dicebant deorum auxilia spectare. Plautus in milite “deos sperabo, teque postremo tamen”, in Casina “diis sum fretus, deos speravimus”. sane opportune post blanda principia ista ponuntur; prodest enim nonnumquam subtiliter obiurgare quem roges. {{sc|'''memores fandi atqve nefandi'''}} iusti et iniusti. et bene ‘memores’, quia etiamsi non statim puniant crimina, sunt tamen memores, ut Horatius “raro antecedentem scelestum deseruit pede poena claudo”. et dicendo ‘fandi atque nefandi’ significat ‘prout meriti fueritis’. 

{{ancora+|544|[[Aeneis/Liber I#544|544.]]}} {{sc|'''rex erat'''}}  bene medio uerbo usus est ‘erat’, ne si ‘fuit’ dixisset, fiduciam abiecisse uideretur. 

{{ancora+|545|[[Aeneis/Liber I#545|545.]]}} {{sc|'''nec pietate fvit'''}}  multum interest inter iustitiam et pietatem; nam pietas pars iustitiae est, sicut severitas. nunc ergo hoc dicit, qua parte sit iustus, id est pietate. et bene duo laudat in Aenea: pietatem, quam a Didone inpetrare contendit, et uirtutem, quam uult timeri. {{sc|'''qvo ivstior alter nec pietate fvit nec bello maior et armis'''}} qui et beneficium referre potest, et uindicare. {{sc|'''bello maior et armis'''}} non est iteratio; nam bellum et consilium habet, ‘arma’ tantum in actu ipso sunt. {{sc|'''bello maior et armis'''}} hoc est scientia rei militaris et uiribus dimicandi, ut aliud ⟨sit⟩ animi, aliud corporis. 

{{ancora+|546|[[Aeneis/Liber I#546|546.]]}} {{sc|'''qvem si fata virvm servant'''}}  unum sensum in tres partes divisit, et potuit reprehendi idem dixisse, nisi ostenderet eum libenter uoto suo inmorari. tale est illud “si numina uestra incolumem Pallanta mihi” et cetera. {{sc|'''si vescitvr avra'''}} uescor illa re, ut alibi “uescitur Aeneas simul et Troiana iuventus perpetui tergo bovis et lustralibus extis”. nec nos decipiat quod dicit Plinius, ut elocutiones ex similibus formemus; nam ecce comedo illam rem dicimus, nec tamen uescor illam rem. et ipse enim dicit non usquequaque hoc esse faciendum. {{sc|'''si vescitvr avra'''}} uerbum inchoativum sine praeterito tempore et quod a se nascitur. sane hic ‘uescitur’ pro fruitur posuit; nam non comedit auram, sed uivit ea. 

{{ancora+|547|[[Aeneis/Liber I#547|547.]]}} {{sc|'''aetheria avra'''}}  quia animum aere, corpus cibo potione et ceteris diligenter nutrimus. 

{{ancora+|548|[[Aeneis/Liber I#548|548.]]}} {{sc|'''non metvs'''}}  hoc loco distinguendum est. cuius autem rei, ex sequentibus probat; nam uult eam non timere, ne inaniter praestet. alii ‘non metus officio’ legunt et hunc sensum dicunt: non metuo pro officio nostro, id est non timeo, ne non sit unde satisfaciamus officio ac parem gratiam reddamus. {{sc|'''officio nec te certasse priorem paeniteat'''}} nec tibi parum uideatur prima beneficia praestitisse, cum possis maiora recipere. nam ‘paeniteat’ parum uideatur est, ut in heauton timorumeno “at enim quantum hic operis fiat paenitet”, hoc est parum uidetur. sane ‘certasse’ quidam provocasse accipiunt, ut Terentius “beneficiis si certasset audisset bene”. officium autem est, quod Graeci g-to g-kathekon appellant. Cicero de Marcello “noli igitur in conservandis bonis uiris defetigari, non cupiditate praesertim aliqua aut pravitate lapsis, sed opinione officii stulta fortasse, certe non inproba”. 

{{ancora+|549|[[Aeneis/Liber I#549|549.]]}} {{sc|'''svnt et sicvlis regionibvs vrbes'''}}  id est gratiam reddere possumus: arma latenter minatur. 

{{ancora+|550|[[Aeneis/Liber I#550|550.]]}} {{sc|'''troianoqve a sangvine clarvs acestes'''}}  cum Laomedon promissam murorum mercedem Neptuno et Apollini denegasset, Neptunus iratus Troiae inmisit cetos quod eam uastaret. unde Apollo consultus, cum et ipse irasceretur, contraria respondit dicens, obiciendas puellas nobiles beluae. quod cum fieret timens Hippotes quidam nobilis filiae Egestae, cum Laomedontis regis Hesiona iam esset orta seditione religata, inpositam eam navi misit quo fors tulisset. haec ad Siciliam delata a Crimisso fluvio, quem Crinisum Vergilius poetica licentia uocat, conuerso in ursum uel canem conpressa edidit Acesten, qui ex matris nomine civitatem Troianis condidit, quae hodie Segesta nominatur. {{sc|'''troianoqve a sangvine clarvs acestes'''}} bene Troiano, ut necesse habeat si passi fuerint iniuriam uindicare, quod in principio bene tacuit. de Aceste autem fabula talis. cum Laomedon promissam murorum mercedem Neptuno et Apollini denegasset, Neptunus iratus Troiae inmisit cetos per quod uicina litoris uastarentur. unde Apollo consultus, cum et ipse irasceretur, contraria respondit dicens obiciendas puellas nobiles beluae. quod cum saepe fieret et Laomedontis Hesiona iam esset ad scopulum orta seditione religata, non nulli parentes peregre mittere filias quam domi perdere maluerunt; nam alii avehendas mercatoribus tradiderunt. timens Hippotes uel ipsostratus filiam Egestam inpositam navi misit quo fors tulisset. haec ad Siciliam uentis delata a Crimisso fluvio, quem Crinisum Vergilius poetica licentia uocat, conuerso in ursum, uel ut quidam uolunt in canem, conpressa edidit Egestum, quem Vergilius Acestem uocat, qui matris nomine civitatem Troianis condidit, quae ante Egesta post Segesta nominata est. 

{{ancora+|551|[[Aeneis/Liber I#551|551.]]}} {{sc|'''qvassatam ventis'''}}  quamuis sit iusta petitio, tamen prope inuidiose ostendit, quam sit res quam petit exigua. {{sc|'''svbdvcere'''}} in terram trahere, hoc est subductam curare. deducere autem in mare mittere, ut “deducunt naves socii”. 

{{ancora+|552|[[Aeneis/Liber I#552|552.]]}} {{sc|'''aptare'''}} aptas legere. legitur et ‘optare’, sed utrumque eligere significat. uel ‘aptare’ adiungere uel adfigere, ut “stellis ardentibus aptum”. {{sc|'''stringere remos'''}} aut defrondare, ut “agricolae stringunt frondes”, aut ‘fractos stringere remos’, id est ligare, quia supra dixerat “franguntur remi”. 

{{ancora+|553|[[Aeneis/Liber I#553|553.]]}} {{sc|'''sociis et rege recepto'''}}  syllepsis per numeros, ut “hic illius arma, hic currus fuit”. 

{{ancora+|554|[[Aeneis/Liber I#554|554.]]}} {{sc|'''sin absvmpta salvs'''}}  hoc est, si periit Aeneas, qui Troianorum salus est. {{sc|'''pater optime'''}} mira laus, cum et patrem et optimum dicit. 

{{ancora+|556|[[Aeneis/Liber I#556|556.]]}} {{sc|'''nec spes iam restat ivli'''}}  bene de Ascanio spem dicit propter aetatem, ut “Ascanium surgentem” et “spes surgentis Iuli”. sane et hic tribus inmoratur quae metuit, ut supra in uoto. 

{{ancora+|557|[[Aeneis/Liber I#557|557.]]}} {{sc|'''at freta sicaniae'''}}  bene recessuros se dicunt. ‘freta’ autem, quia freto a Sicilia dividitur Italia. sane quidam a feruore dici putant. et Sicanos quidam autochthonas tradunt, quidam ex Hiberia profugos de nomine fluminis Sicoris, quem reliquerant, Sicaniam nominasse. {{sc|'''sedesqve paratas'''}} propter Acestis cognationem. 

{{ancora+|558|[[Aeneis/Liber I#558|558.]]}} {{sc|'''regem'''}} aut qui nunc rex est, aut qui etiam noster futurus est. 

{{ancora+|559|[[Aeneis/Liber I#559|559.]]}} {{sc|'''talibvs ilionevs'''}}  aut subaudis ‘loquebatur’, aut ex posterioribus ‘fremebant’ intellegis. {{sc|'''ore fremebant'''}} hoc est consentiebant. et bene ‘ore’, quia et armis possumus fremere. {{sc|'''ore fremebant'''}} aut probantes Ilionei dicta aut rogantes Didonem. 

{{ancora+|560|[[Aeneis/Liber I#560|560.]]}} {{sc|'''dardanidae'''}} haec hemistichia Vergilius nominabat, quae in emendando carmine fuerat repleturus. 

{{ancora+|561|[[Aeneis/Liber I#561|561.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm breviter dido'''}}  atqui non breviter loquitur. sed breve et longum, paruum et magnum perfectum nihil habent, sed per conparationem intelleguntur, ut supra de provincia “est locus” orbis, ut diximus, conparatione. item hoc loco ‘breviter’, id est minus, quam Ilioneus. et notandum regum esse breviloquium, ut multis in Vergilio locis probatur, feminarum uerecundiam: unde utrumque dedit Didoni. {{sc|'''vvltvm demissa'''}} nota figura est, ut “oculos suffusa nitentes”. dicendo autem ‘uultum demissa’ aliud genus officii adiecit. 

{{ancora+|562|[[Aeneis/Liber I#562|562.]]}} {{sc|'''solvite corde metvm tevcri'''}}  sicut supra Iovis oratio, partim obiecta purgat partim petita promittit. sciendum sane, quia cum petuntur uel promittuntur aliqua, a ualidissimis inchoandum est, ut hoc loco. et est genus argumenti a necessario. {{sc|'''solvite corde metvm tevcri'''}} qui pollicetur statim debet promittere, tunc subiungere si qua uult, ne exspectatione suspensus detineatur auditor. nam et in Aeoli oratione statim promittit. {{sc|'''seclvdite cvras'''}} iteratio est ad augmentum benivolentiae, hoc est, ad confirmandum supplicum animum. ‘secludite’ uero pro excludite: quod fit aut propter hiatum, aut propter suavitatem, ut a, “silice in nuda conixa reliquit” pro enixa. 

{{ancora+|563|[[Aeneis/Liber I#563|563.]]}} {{sc|'''res dvra'''}}  ac si diceret ‘est quiddam’. et duo formidat: uicinos barbaros et fratris aduentum, quae propter novitatem personarum generaliter dicens reliquit. {{sc|'''res dvra'''}} oportebat ex aliqua parte enuntiari domus calamitatem. uel ideo ‘res dura’, quod femina est. {{sc|'''et regni novitas'''}} quae semper habet timorem. 

{{ancora+|564|[[Aeneis/Liber I#564|564.]]}} {{sc|'''moliri'''}} bene non facere, sed ‘moliri’, ut terroris sit, non crudelitatis. 

{{ancora+|565|[[Aeneis/Liber I#565|565.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis genvs aeneadvm'''}}  satis propere dixit Aeneadas, quamquam ab Ilioneo audierit ‘rex erat Aeneas nobis’, nec haec in opere inemendato miranda sunt. quamuis alii prolepsim uelint esse. {{sc|'''troiae nesciat vrbem'''}} aut Ilium dicit, quod in Troia est, aut ‘Troiae urbem’, ut “urbem Patavi, urbem Buthroti”. 

{{ancora+|566|[[Aeneis/Liber I#566|566.]]}} {{sc|'''incendia belli'''}}  id est uim; semper enim diluvio et incendio conparat bellum, ut “in segetem ueluti cum flamma furentibus austris incidit aut rapidus montano gurgite torrens”. {{sc|'''incendia belli'''}} aut ardorem simpliciter belli, quia semper diluvio et incendio et tempestati conparat bellum, ut “in segetem ueluti cum flamma f- a- i- aut rapidus montano flumine torrens” et alibi “saevis effusa Mycenis tempestas ierit”: aut potest subtilius dictum accipi, quod Ilium conflagravit incendio. 

{{ancora+|567|[[Aeneis/Liber I#567|567.]]}} {{sc|'''non obtvsa adeo'''}}  aut non multum, uel ualde, ut in Terentio “adulescentem adeo nobilem” et “si adeo digna res est, ubi tu neruos intendas tuos”: aut ‘non adeo’, ut tu dicis, ut Troianorum famam ignoremus. ‘obtusa’ uero stulta, id est crudelia, ut merito Sol equos suos ab ista urbe devertat. 

{{ancora+|568|[[Aeneis/Liber I#568|568.]]}} {{sc|'''nec tam aversvs eqvos tyria sol ivngit ab vrbe'''}}  fabula quidem hoc habet: Atreum et Thyestem germanos, cum in dissensione sibi nocere non possent, in simulatam gratiam redisse: qua occasione Thyestes cum fratris uxore concubuit, Atreus uero ei filium epulandum adposuit: quae Sol ne uidendo pollueretur, aufugit. sed ueritatis hoc est: Atreum apud Mycenas primum solis eclipsin invenisse, cui inuidens frater ex urbe discessit tempore quo eius probata sunt dicta. {{sc|'''nec tam a- e- t- s- i- a- v-'''}} hoc est non in alio orbe habitamus. 

{{ancora+|569|[[Aeneis/Liber I#569|569.]]}} {{sc|'''sev vos hesperiam magnam'''}}  g-megaleh enim g-Hellas appellata est Italia, quia a Tarento usque ad Cumas omnes civitates Graeci condiderunt. 

{{ancora+|570|[[Aeneis/Liber I#570|570.]]}} {{sc|'''sive erycis fines'''}}  Eryx Veneris et Butae, uel ut quidam uolunt Neptuni filius fuit, qui praepotens uiribus advenas caestibus provocabat uictosque perimebat. hic occisus ab Hercule monti ex sepultura sua nomen inposuit: in quo matris fecerat templum, quod Aeneae adscribit poeta dicens “tum uicina astris Erycino in uertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae”. in hoc autem monte dicitur etiam Anchises sepultus, licet secundum Catonem ad Italiam venerit. {{sc|'''erycis fines'''}} id est Siciliam. 

{{ancora+|571|[[Aeneis/Liber I#571|571.]]}} {{sc|'''avxilio tvtos dimittam'''}}  non sine ordine poeta inducit Didonem et credentem ignotis et tam facile tanta promittentem; si enim bene aduertatur, de illo loco pendet “in primis regina quietum accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam”. 

{{ancora+|572|[[Aeneis/Liber I#572|572.]]}} {{sc|'''vvltis et his'''}}  deest ‘uel si’. 

{{ancora+|573|[[Aeneis/Liber I#573|573.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem qvam statvo vestra est'''}}  multi antiptosin uolunt, accusativum pro nominativo, ut sit pro ‘urbs quam statuo uestra est’. sed si sic intellegamus, ‘quam’ nihilominus sequitur et syllepsis fit per casus mutationem; debuit enim dicere ‘urbs quae statuitur uestra est’. melius ergo est ‘uultis’ bis intellegere, ut sit ‘uultis regnis considere? uultis urbem quam statuo? uestra est’, ut est “eruet ille Argos Agamemnoniasque Mycenas ipsumque Aeaciden”: subaudis ‘ille’. alter enim Pyrrhum uicit, alter Mycenas. item “non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco”. {{sc|'''vrbem qvam statvo vestra est'''}} hoc schema de antiquioribus sumptum possumus accipere; ait enim Cato in legem Voconiam “agrum quem uir habet tollitur” et Terentius “eunuchum quem dedisti nobis, quas turbas dedit”. 

{{ancora+|574|[[Aeneis/Liber I#574|574.]]}} {{sc|'''agetvr'''}} regetur. 

{{ancora+|575|[[Aeneis/Liber I#575|575.]]}} {{sc|'''atqve vtinam'''}}  dicendo ‘utinam’ et humanitatem suam ostendit et Aeneae se cupidam. {{sc|'''noto compvlsvs eodem'''}} aut quovis uento, aut re uera Noto, qui de syrtibus Carthaginem ducit; supra enim Ilioneus “in uada caeca tulit penitusque procacibus austris”. EODEM ‘o’ naturaliter longa est, sed si corripiatur metri est, ut “steteruntque comae”. 

{{ancora+|576|[[Aeneis/Liber I#576|576.]]}} {{sc|'''adforet'''}} adveniat; temporis est futuri. {{sc|'''eqvidem'''}} in omni Vergilio ‘ego quidem’ significat, sed in aliis et pro ‘quidem’ tantum ponitur, ut Tullius “equidem ego ceteras tempestates”. item Persius “non equidem hoc dubites amborum foedere certo consentire dies”. {{sc|'''certos'''}} aut ueloces, aut fideles; utrumque enim hoc loco significat. aliquando et firmos, uel fortes, ut Sallustius “apud latera certos locaverat”, ut Vergilius “tam certa tulistis pectora”. aliquando et deliberati iudicii, ut “certus iter”. {{sc|'''certos'''}} qui cito inveniant. contrario incertos pro tardis. Sallustius “et onere turrium incertis navibus”. 

{{ancora+|577|[[Aeneis/Liber I#577|577.]]}} {{sc|'''et libyae'''}}  g-katachrehstikos nam Dido Libyae regna non retinet. {{sc|'''et libyae lustrare e- i-'''}} ut ostendat uoluntatem et libenter se misisse, qui Aeneam quaererent. 

{{ancora+|578|[[Aeneis/Liber I#578|578.]]}} {{sc|'''eiectvs'''}} naufragus, ut “eiectum litore egentem”. 

{{ancora+|579|[[Aeneis/Liber I#579|579.]]}} {{sc|'''animvm arrecti'''}}  nota figura est. 

{{ancora+|580|[[Aeneis/Liber I#580|580.]]}} {{sc|'''iamdvdvm'''}} et cito, uel quam primum significat, ut “iamdudum sumite poenas”, et olim, ut hoc loco. 

{{ancora+|582|[[Aeneis/Liber I#582|582.]]}} {{sc|'''svrgit'''}} oritur. et est translatio corporis ad animum, ut alibi “stat conferre manum Aeneae”. 

{{ancora+|583|[[Aeneis/Liber I#583|583.]]}} {{sc|'''classem sociosqve receptos'''}}  syllepis per numeros. ‘receptos’ de maris periculo liberatos, ut “frugesque receptas”, uel a Didone; nam et ab ea timuerant, ut ait “laetitiaque metuque”. 

{{ancora+|584|[[Aeneis/Liber I#584|584.]]}} {{sc|'''vnvs abest'''}}  Oronten significat. {{sc|'''qvem vidimvs ipsi svbmersvm'''}} quod ante doloris fuerat, ut “ipsius ante oculos”, nunc consolationis est, cum cernit omnes incolomes. 

{{ancora+|585|[[Aeneis/Liber I#585|585.]]}} {{sc|'''dictis respondent cetera matris'''}}  modo congruunt, consentiunt, quia dixerat supra “namque tibi reduces socios”. alibi ‘respondet’ respicit, ut “respondet Gnosia tellus”. 

{{ancora+|587|[[Aeneis/Liber I#587|587.]]}} {{sc|'''scindit se nvbes'''}}  nubes tantum dicimus, non nubs, licet dicamus trabs trabes, stirps stirpes, prex preces, plebs plebes. sed de his tantum quae legimus sunt ponenda; non enim artis sunt ista, sed usurpationis, qua metri causa utuntur poetae, ut uel minuant uel augeant nominativum. inde est et supellex supellectilis. {{sc|'''et in aethera pvrgat apertvm'''}} quia aer collectus nubes fecit, ut “atque in nubem cogitur aer”, quae puriore uento dissoluitur in aerem. 

{{ancora+|588|[[Aeneis/Liber I#588|588.]]}} {{sc|'''restitit aeneas'''}}  abscedente scilicet nube. {{sc|'''claraqve in lvce refvlsit'''}} laus est nimiae pulchritudinis, cui nec lucis claritas derogavit. 

{{ancora+|589|[[Aeneis/Liber I#589|589.]]}} {{sc|'''os vmerosqve deo similis'''}}  similes umeros habens deo. et est Graeca figura, ut diximus supra. {{sc|'''ipsa'''}} aut quod sequitur ‘nato genetrix’, aut certe ‘ipsa’, id est pulchritudinis dea. 

{{ancora+|590|[[Aeneis/Liber I#590|590.]]}} {{sc|'''decoram caesariem'''}}  a caedendo dicta caesaries, ergo tantum uirorum est. quod autem dicit ‘decoram’ uult etiam in Aenea naturalem fuisse pulchritudinem, ne si totum tribuat Veneri, nihil Aeneae sit reliquum, uel contra nihil relinquatur matris favori: quod sequens melius indicat conparatio. ut Horatius “fortes creantur fortibus” magna arte nec eruditioni aliquid nec natalibus derogat. {{sc|'''ivventae'''}} iuventus est multitudo iuvenum, Iuventas dea ipsa, sicut Libertas, iuventa uero aetas; sed haec a poetis confunduntur plerumque. 

{{ancora+|591|[[Aeneis/Liber I#591|591.]]}} {{sc|'''pvrpvrevm'''}} pulchrum, ut Horatius “purpureis ales oloribus”. {{sc|'''laetos honores'''}} non terribiles, ut esse in uiris fortibus solent. 

{{ancora+|592|[[Aeneis/Liber I#592|592.]]}} {{sc|'''manvs'''}} uel artificis, uel ars ipsa. {{sc|'''addvnt'''}} bene ‘addunt’, quia et ipsa materies habet naturalem pulchritudinem. {{sc|'''ebori decvs'''}} ebur a barro dictum, id est elephanto, ut Horatius “quid tibi uis, mulier, nigris dignissima barris?” sane naturam huius nominis nec derivatio nec obliqui casus reservant. et eboris enim et eburneus facit, non eburis, sicut murmuris. 

{{ancora+|593|[[Aeneis/Liber I#593|593.]]}} {{sc|'''parivsve lapis'''}}  candidissimus est, lygdinus nomine, qui apud Parum nascitur. PARIVSVE LAPIS C. A. ut in decimo “qualis gemma micat, fuluum quae dividit aurum”. 

{{ancora+|594|[[Aeneis/Liber I#594|594.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm sic'''}}  quid est ‘sic’? et sui gratia praepotens et matris auxilio. 

{{ancora+|595|[[Aeneis/Liber I#595|595.]]}} {{sc|'''inprovisvs'''}} bene, quia maiora nobis et pulchriora solent uideri, non paulatim aliqua, sed subito stupenda conspicere. {{sc|'''coram qvem qvaeritis'''}} hoc loco distinguendum; nam si unum esset, ‘adest’ diceret, non ‘adsum’. et coram non nulli ad personam, ut ‘coram Vergilio’, palam ad omnes referri uolunt, ut ‘palam omnibus’. Varro “coram de praesentibus nobis, palam etiam de absentibus”. sane coram quidam aduerbium putant, quia non subsequitur casus, quidam praepositionem loquellis, non casibus seruientem. 

{{ancora+|596|[[Aeneis/Liber I#596|596.]]}} {{sc|'''ereptvs'''}} liberatus; et utitur poeta familiarius hoc uerbo “eripe me his, inuicte, malis” et “eripui, fateor, leto me”. 

{{ancora+|597|[[Aeneis/Liber I#597|597.]]}} {{sc|'''o sola'''}}  propter Polymestoris factum, qui fide uiolata defecit ad Graecos, ut habemus in tertio. {{sc|'''miserata'''}} et miseror et misereor unum significat, sed miseror accusativum regit, ut hoc loco, item “nec miseratus amantem est”, misereor genetivum, unde est “miserere animi non digna ferentis”. 

{{ancora+|598|[[Aeneis/Liber I#598|598.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae nos reliqvias danavm'''}}  si Troianos significat, simpliciter intellegis; si ad se refert, quod Achillem evasit favore Neptuni. ‘Danaum’ autem pro Danaorum. TERRAEQUE MARISQUE ‘terrae’ propter Cretensem pestilentiam, ‘maris’ propter Orontis interitum. 

{{ancora+|599|[[Aeneis/Liber I#599|599.]]}} {{sc|'''omnibvs exhavstis'''}}  ueteres sic dicebant ‘clades hausi’, id est pertuli. {{sc|'''omnivm egenos'''}} egeo honestius genetivo iungitur quam ablativo, cui iungit Cicero, ut “eget ille senatu”. item contra Vergilius “quorum indiget usus”. quidam autem ‘egenos’ pro egentes dictum tradunt, nomen pro participio. 

{{ancora+|600|[[Aeneis/Liber I#600|600.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbe domo socias'''}}  hoc est et publico et privato dignaris hospitio. 

{{ancora+|601|[[Aeneis/Liber I#601|601.]]}} {{sc|'''non opis est nostrae dido'''}}  ‘opis’ possibilitatis. et secundum Ateium philologum opes numero tantum plurali divitias significant, ut “Troianas ut opes”, numero tantum singulari auxilium, ut “fer opem, serva me obsecro”, ab utroque possibilitatem. {{sc|'''nec qvicqvid vbiqve est'''}} meminit historiae. multi enim post excidium Troiae orbis diversa tenuerunt, ut Helenus Epirum, Antenor Venetiam, alii Sardiniam secundum Sallustium, alii uicina syrtibus loca secundum Lucanum, ut “portusque quietos ostendit Libyae Phrygio placuisse magistro”. 

{{ancora+|603|[[Aeneis/Liber I#603|603.]]}} {{sc|'''di tibi'''}}  ordo est ‘dii tibi praemia ferant’. {{sc|'''si qva pios respectant nvmina'''}} si quidem, ut Horatius “si tamen impiae non tangenda rates transiliunt uada”; nec enim congruit optare dubitantem: aut certe ad se rettulit, qui cum pius esset, tot laborabat incommodis. {{sc|'''si qua pios r- n- s- q- v- i- e-'''}} ‘qua’ et ‘quid’ addidit, erat enim integrum ‘si pios numina respiciunt et iustitia usquam est’. 

{{ancora+|604|[[Aeneis/Liber I#604|604.]]}} {{sc|'''si qvid vsqvam ivstitiae est'''}}  si ualet apud homines iustitia. {{sc|'''et mens sibi conscia recti'''}} secundum Stoicos, qui dicunt, ipsam uirtutem esse pro praemio, etiamsi nulla sint praemia. 

{{ancora+|605|[[Aeneis/Liber I#605|605.]]}} {{sc|'''ferant'''}} adferant uel tribuant. {{sc|'''qvae te tam laeta tvlervnt saecvla'''}} alibi “nati melioribus annis”; felicitas enim temporum ex nascentum meritis comprobatur, ut e contrario Terentius “hocine saeculum! o scelera, o genera sacrilega!” et digna laus regibus, ut bono tempore nati esse dicantur. 

{{ancora+|606|[[Aeneis/Liber I#606|606.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi tanti talem genvere parentes'''}}  secundum artem rhetoricam parentes quos ignorat laudat ex liberis. simul sciendum omnia hoc loco laudis praecepta servata; nam et a parentibus laudat, ut ‘qui tanti talem genuere parentes’; et ab ipsa, ut ‘urbe domo socias’; et a futuro, ut ‘nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt’. ‘talem’ autem, tam iustam, tam piam. 

{{ancora+|607|[[Aeneis/Liber I#607|607.]]}} {{sc|'''in freta'''}}  abusive modo maria; nam proprie fretum est mare naturaliter mobile, ab undarum feruore nominatum. {{sc|'''dvm montibvs vmbrae lvstrabvnt convexa'''}} alii hoc loco distinguunt et dicunt, quamdiu inclinata in montibus latera umbrae pro solis flexu circumibunt, ut “lustrat aventini montem”: aut ‘lustrabunt’ inumbrabunt, unde lustra et ferarum cubilia et lupanaria per contrarium dicimus, quia parum inlustrantur. alii tamen ‘conuexa sidera’ uolunt, id est pendentia, ut “et caeli conuexa per auras”, id est suspensa, planetasque intellegunt, quia non sunt fixi, sed in aere feruntur. ‘pasci’ autem aquis marinis sidera, id est ignes caelestes, physici docent, secundum quos Lucanus ait “atque undae plus quam quod digerat aer”. alii ‘sidera conuexa’ nobis inminentia, uel quae per conuexum polum pascuntur, uel quae per conuexum disposita exhalatione terrae ali credantur. quidam radios solis pasci asserunt umore terreno. ‘polus’ autem caelum dixit. 

{{ancora+|609|[[Aeneis/Liber I#609|609.]]}} {{sc|'''honos'''}} honor, an honos quaeritur, quia nominativus pluralis ‘res’ terminatus singularem in or mittit, ut amores amor, honores honor, exceptis monosyllabis, ut flos mos ros. 

{{ancora+|610|[[Aeneis/Liber I#610|610.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae me cvmqve vocant terrae'''}}  id est in quibuscumque terris fuero. 

{{ancora+|611|[[Aeneis/Liber I#611|611.]]}} {{sc|'''ilionea'''}} paenultimam huius nominis syllabam natura brevem licentia, qua in nominibus propriis omnes syllabae uocales possunt esse communes, produxit. 

{{ancora+|613|[[Aeneis/Liber I#613|613.]]}} {{sc|'''obstipvit'''}} animo perculsa est, quod iam futuri amoris est signum. {{sc|'''primo aspectv'''}} id est pulchritudine. {{sc|'''sidonia'''}} pro Tyria a uicinitate. 

{{ancora+|614|[[Aeneis/Liber I#614|614.]]}} {{sc|'''casv deinde'''}}  id est miseratione. {{sc|'''et sic ore locvta est'''}} pleonasmos. sic “uocemque his auribus hausi”. 

{{ancora+|615|[[Aeneis/Liber I#615|615.]]}} {{sc|'''qvis te nate dea'''}}  quis, qualis; admirantis enim est, non interrogantis, ut “quis globus, o cives!” non enim interrogat ille qui nuntiat. hoc autem Dido, ut post indicat, ex Teucri narratione cognovit. 

{{ancora+|616|[[Aeneis/Liber I#616|616.]]}} {{sc|'''qvae vis'''}}  qualis. {{sc|'''inmanibvs oris'''}} ut Sallustius “mare saevum, inportuosum”. {{sc|'''inmanibvs oris'''}} non de suo regno ait, sed illas oras significat, quas Ilioneus ait “per inuia saxa dispulit”. {{sc|'''adplicat'''}} secundum praesentem usum per ‘d’ prima syllaba scribitur, secundum antiquam orthographiam, quae praepositionum ultimam litteram in uicinam mutabat, per ‘p’, secundum euphoniam per ‘a’ tantum. praepositio enim cum ad conpositionem transierit aut uim suam retinet, ut indico, aut mutat ultimam litteram, ut sufficio, aut perdit, ut coemo. 

{{ancora+|617|[[Aeneis/Liber I#617|617.]]}} {{sc|'''tvne ille aeneas'''}}  et hoc admirativum, non interrogativum. ‘ille’ autem honoris est, ut “sic Iuppiter ille monebat”, uel ‘tune ille’ uidetur beneficium Veneris admirari in eo, quem adamatura est. {{sc|'''dardanio anchisae'''}} bene Anchisen addidit, ne cui diceret esset incertum; cum multis enim Venus concubuit. sed sciendum Anchisen, ut fabula loquitur, pastorem fuisse et cum eo amato Venerem concubuisse. unde Aeneas circa Simoin fluvium natus est; deae enim uel nymphae enituntur circa fluvios uel nemora. quod cum iactaret Anchises, adflatus fulmine oculoque privatus est. 

{{ancora+|619|[[Aeneis/Liber I#619|619.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrvm memini sidona venire'''}}  quidam ‘memini venire’ pro ‘memini venisse’ accipiunt. {{sc|'''tevcrvm sidona venire'''}} historia hoc habet, Herculem cum Colchos iret perdito Hyla, qui aquatum profectus, ut fabula loquitur, a nymphis adamatus et raptus est, ut ueritas habet, lapsus in fontem altissimum necatus est, post peragratam Mysiam navibus Troiam venisse. a cuius portu cum eum Laomedon arceret, occisus est, et eius filia Hesiona belli iure sublata comiti Telamoni tradita est, qui primus ascenderat murum, unde Teucer natus est; nam Aiacem ex alia constat esse procreatum. tunc Hercules Priamum quoque redemptum a uicinis hostibus in paterno regno locavit: unde et Priamus dictus est g-apo g-tou g-priasthai, id est emi. ceterum quae de liberata dicuntur Hesiona constat esse fabulosa. sed Teucer cum Troia eversa sine fratre esset reversus, qui se furore propter perdita Achillis arma interemerat, uel, ut quidam uolunt, quia non defenderat Aiacis fratris interitum, ut alii, quod ossa fratris non rettulisset, ut non nulli, quod Tecmessam concubinam uel eius fratris filium Eurysacen ad avum Telamona de Troia secum non reduxerit, quia ille alia navi uectus felicius navigaverat, Salamine pulsus a patre Sidona venit, ex quo Dido cuncta cognovit. Aiax autem Achillis patruelis frater fuerat, quoniam Telamon et Peleus fratres fuerunt, Aeaci filii. 

{{ancora+|621|[[Aeneis/Liber I#621|621.]]}} {{sc|'''belvs'''}} quidam alium patrem Elissae dicunt. {{sc|'''opimam'''}} pro opulentam non nulli accipiunt. {{sc|'''vastabat cyprvm'''}} quam subactam concessit Teucro, ut in ea conlocaret imperium, qui ex responso Apollinis illuc perrexerat et civitatem Salaminam ex nomine patriae ibi condidit, licet alii dicant ab ipso Teucro Cypri superatos incolas et sic conditam civitatem: unde ‘auxilio Beli’ accipi potest, etiam Teucro auxilium a Belo ad occupationem insulae praestitum. 

{{ancora+|622|[[Aeneis/Liber I#622|622.]]}} {{sc|'''dicione'''}} potestas dictis constat, id est imperio. et quaerendus nominativus huius nominis. sed de hac re historia longe aliud continet. 

{{ancora+|623|[[Aeneis/Liber I#623|623.]]}} {{sc|'''casvs'''}} hoc loco ruinae, ut “ceciditque superbum Ilium”, non fortunae intellegendus est casus. 

{{ancora+|624|[[Aeneis/Liber I#624|624.]]}} {{sc|'''pelasgi'''}} Graeci a Pelasgo Iovis et Larissae filio. 

{{ancora+|625|[[Aeneis/Liber I#625|625.]]}} {{sc|'''ipse hostis tevcros'''}}  Troianorum laudis exaggeratio, quod etiam ab hoste laudantur. et quidam ‘hostis’ singularem, quidam pluralem legunt. {{sc|'''lavde'''}} quidam pro uirtute accipiunt, ut “primam merui qui laude coronam”. {{sc|'''ferebat'''}} laudabat, praeferebat. 

{{ancora+|626|[[Aeneis/Liber I#626|626.]]}} {{sc|'''tevcrorvm a stirpe volebat'''}}  propter genus maternum, ut supra diximus. et plus est quod dixit ‘uolebat’, quasi materno gaudens refutaret genus paternum. sane ‘stirps’ cum de origine dicimus generis feminini est, ut “heu stirpem inuisam”, cum de ligno masculini “sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum”. 

{{ancora+|627|[[Aeneis/Liber I#627|627.]]}} {{sc|'''tectis svccedite nostris'''}}  ad conuivium uocat; nam iam supra dixit ‘urbe, domo socias’. dicitur autem ‘o tectis succedite’, ut “succeditque gemens stabulis”, et “tecto adsuetus coluber succedere”. 

{{ancora+|628|[[Aeneis/Liber I#628|628.]]}} {{sc|'''me qvoqve'''}}  quemadmodum uos. {{sc|'''similis fortvna'''}} scilicet aduersa. 

{{ancora+|629|[[Aeneis/Liber I#629|629.]]}} {{sc|'''demvm'''}} postea. 

{{ancora+|630|[[Aeneis/Liber I#630|630.]]}} {{sc|'''non ignara mali miseris svccvrrere disco'''}}  quare ‘non disco’? quia non sum ignara; bis enim intellegimus ‘non’, ut supra diximus. sic Sallustius “segnior neque minus gravis et multiplex cura”. 

{{ancora+|631|[[Aeneis/Liber I#631|631.]]}} {{sc|'''simvl aenean in regia dvcit tecta'''}}  et hoc et quod sequitur uidetur auspicium nuptiarum. 

{{ancora+|632|[[Aeneis/Liber I#632|632.]]}} {{sc|'''simvl divvm templis indicit honorem'''}}  apud maiores nostros mos fuit, ut magistratus post res serias quae consulto peragebantur in fine actus adderent ‘diis honorem dico’, uel alio modo ‘hinc ad deos’, quod poeta, amator antiquitatis, subtiliter docet; infert enim Didonem post habitum cum Aenea colloquium et iunctam hospitalitatem, ‘quare agite o tectis iuvenes succedite nostris’ et supra ‘urbem quam statuo uestra est’ et ‘Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur’, post actum publicum, diis sacra iussisse; nam subiungit ‘simul Aenean in regia ducit tecta, simul divum templis indicit honorem’. {{sc|'''indicit honorem'''}} id est iussit fieri supplicationes. et bene ‘indicit’, quia Troiani inopinato venerant. et feriae aut legitimae sunt aut indictae. indici autem dicuntur, quia paupertas maiorum ex conlatione sacrificabat, aut certe de bonis damnatorum: unde et supplicia dicuntur supplicationes, quae sunt de bonis supplicia passorum. Sallustius “in suppliciis deorum magnifici”. hinc etiam sacrum et venerabile et exsecrandum intellegimus, quia sacrae res de bonis exsecrandorum fiebant. {{sc|'''indicit honorem'''}} indictiva sacrificia dicebantur quae subito ad praesens tempus indicebantur. dicebantur sacra et honoraria, quod utrumque hoc loco complexus uidetur. 

{{ancora+|635|[[Aeneis/Liber I#635|635.]]}} {{sc|'''terga svvm'''}}  non declinatio ‘u’ litteram hoc loco geminat, sed ratio nominis in quo est ‘u’, sicut et in ‘rum’ mittit genetivum pluralem non per declinationem, sed quia est in nomine ‘r’, ut patrum. alituum uero ubi legimus, parenthesis est, sicut Mavortis, nam alitum facit. 

{{ancora+|636|[[Aeneis/Liber I#636|636.]]}} {{sc|'''mvnera laetitiamqve dei'''}}  id est Liberi patris, ac per hoc uinum: aut certe ut multi legunt ‘laetitiamque die’, id est diei, ut supra dicta munera sint multorum dierum usui sufficientia, intellegamus autem missa aliqua etiam ad usum diei. in caesi dilegitur. non nulli ‘dii’ legunt, sicut ueteres ‘famis fami’. Plautus in mercatore “qui aut Nocti, aut Dii, aut Soli, aut Lunae”. sane quidam hunc uersum intellegi non putant posse, ut est ille “quem tibi iam Troia”. 

{{ancora+|637|[[Aeneis/Liber I#637|637.]]}} {{sc|'''splendida instrvitvr'''}}  pro instruitur et splendida fit. {{sc|'''lvxv'''}} modo abundantia, alibi luxuria. et notandum, quia affluentiam ubique exteris gentibus dat, Romanis frugalitatem, qui et duobus tantum cibis utebantur et in atriis sedebant edentes: unde Iuvenalis “quis fercula septem secreto cenavit avus?” et Vergilius “perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis”. {{sc|'''mediis tectis'''}} iuxta cottidianam consuetudinem ait ‘mediis’, ut si dicamus ‘in media domo sua sedens turbatus’. 

{{ancora+|639|[[Aeneis/Liber I#639|639.]]}} {{sc|'''laboratae vestes'''}}  labore perfectae, ut “laboratasque premunt ad pectora ceras”. et est sermo in conpendium coactus, sicut “rapuitque in fomite flammam”, id est raptim fecit. et sane ‘uestes’ non illas dicit quibus induimur, sed stragulas, super quas discumbitur, sic enim dicebantur ‘uestes stragulae’. {{sc|'''ostroqve svperbo'''}} claro, pretioso, id est per se superbo, aut quia superbos faciat. 

{{ancora+|640|[[Aeneis/Liber I#640|640.]]}} {{sc|'''ingens argentvm mensis'''}}  aut subaudi ‘exponunt’, aut mensas argenteas accipe. {{sc|'''caelataqve in avro'''}} insculpta. et nomen hoc in principali aliam habet naturam, in derivatione mutat. nam celum dicitur ferrum ipsum unde operantur argentarii, quod producitur naturaliter, sed in derivatione mutatur; diphthongus namque est ‘caelataque in auro’. 

{{ancora+|641|[[Aeneis/Liber I#641|641.]]}} {{sc|'''fortia facta patrvm'''}}  ueteres enim in conuiviis solebant fortia parentum facta narrare, quae hic etiam insculpta dicit. et hic resoluit poeta illud quod reprehenditur, cur in templo Iunonis non Poenorum, sed Troianorum et Graecorum facta depinxerit, scilicet quod suorum res pretiosiore materia signatas habuerit. {{sc|'''series'''}} ordo conexus. 

{{ancora+|642|[[Aeneis/Liber I#642|642.]]}} {{sc|'''per tot dvcta viros'''}}  a Belo, primo rege Assyriorum, ut “ab antiquo durantia cinnama Belo” usque ad Belum, patrem Didonis, qui et ipse Assyrius fuit, quamuis alio nomine pater Didonis fuisse dicatur. hinc est “quam Belus et omnes a Belo soliti”, cum inter patrem et filiam medius nullus existat. et hoc regis nomen ratione non caret; nam omnes in illis partibus Solem colunt, qui ipsorum lingua El dicitur, unde et g-Hehlios. ergo addita digammo et in fine facta derivatione a Sole regi nomen inposuit. 

{{ancora+|643|[[Aeneis/Liber I#643|643.]]}} {{sc|'''aeneas'''}} sequitur ‘rapidum ad naves’, cetera per parenthesin dicta sunt. 

{{ancora+|644|[[Aeneis/Liber I#644|644.]]}} {{sc|'''rapidvm ad naves praemittit achaten'''}}  non praemittit, nec enim sequitur ipse, sed praerapidum, quod ex adfectu patris, id est eius qui mittit, intellegendum est, non ex Achatae uelocitate. et sic praerapidum dixit, quomodo Terentius “per pol quam paucos”, hoc est perquam paucos; ‘pol’ enim ipsum per se plenum est iurantis aduerbium, cui praepositio separatim numquam cohaeret. 

{{ancora+|645|[[Aeneis/Liber I#645|645.]]}} {{sc|'''ferat'''}} adferat, nuntiet, ut “feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem”. 

{{ancora+|646|[[Aeneis/Liber I#646|646.]]}} {{sc|'''stat'''}} modo ‘est’, ut “Graio stant nomine dictae”; alias ‘horret’, ut stant lumina flamma et “stabat acuta silex”; item ‘plenum est’, ut “iam puluere caelum stare uident” et “stant et iuniperi et castaneae hirsutae”; item ‘positum est’, ut “stant manibus arae”; item ‘placet’, ut “stat conferre manum Aeneae” et “stat casus renovare omnes”. pro loco ergo hic sermo intellegendus est. 

{{ancora+|647|[[Aeneis/Liber I#647|647.]]}} {{sc|'''iliacis erepta rvinis'''}}  commendat ex loci difficultate, ut “nec tuta mihi ualle reperti”; item ex persona, ut ‘ornatus Argivae Helenae’ et ‘Ilione quod gesserat olim’, ut “hoc Priami gestamen erat”: quemadmodum plerumque ex longinquitate, ut “ex Aethiopia est usque haec”. {{sc|'''erepta'''}} ostendit ualde pretiosa, quae meruerunt ex ruinis civitatis eripi. laborat autem poeta hoc sermone probare, ab Aenea non esse proditam patriam, si ornatus Helenae, quam cum Antenore Troiam prodidisse manifestum est, ex incendio eripuit bellorum casu, non pro praemio proditionis accepit. 

{{ancora+|648|[[Aeneis/Liber I#648|648.]]}} {{sc|'''signis avroqve'''}}  signis aureis, ut “molemque et montes”. {{sc|'''pallam rigentem'''}} duram propter aurum, sicut uel novas uestes uidemus. significat autem tunicopallium, quod secundum Varronem palla dicta est ab inrugatione et mobilitate, quae est et circa finem huiusmodi uestium, g-apo g-tou g-pallein. 

{{ancora+|649|[[Aeneis/Liber I#649|649.]]}} {{sc|'''et circvmtextvm velamen'''}}  cycladem significat. {{sc|'''acantho'''}} genus uirgulti flexuosum, quod uulgo herbacanthum dicunt, in cuius imitationem arte uestis ornatur. Varro ita refert: “Onesicritos ait, in India esse arbores, quae lanam ferant, item Epicadus in Sicilia, quarum floribus quom dempti sint nuclei ex his inplicitis mulieres multiplicem conficere uestem”. hinc uestimenta acanthina appellata. 

{{ancora+|650|[[Aeneis/Liber I#650|650.]]}} {{sc|'''ornatvs argivae helenae'''}}  a uicinitate dixit ‘Argivae’. et paulo post ‘Mycenis’, cum Spartana fuerit, quae civitas est in Laconica; nam legimus “me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnavit adulter”. et uide iam omen infelicitatis futurae, cum adulterae suscipit munera. {{sc|'''qvos illa mycenis'''}} hic quoque commendatio muneris a persona, quae in fuga magni fecerit. 

{{ancora+|651|[[Aeneis/Liber I#651|651.]]}} {{sc|'''pergama cvm peteret'''}}  eo tempore quo a Paride sollicitata est Helena Venere faciente, quae ei praemium pro uictoria, quam de malo aureo acceperat, alienum matrimonium concilians soluerat. nota fabula omnibus traditum est, quamuis uera historia hoc habere dicatur, non sollicitatam a Paride Helenam, sed cum non ei consentiret, ut absente eo tempore Menelao sponte eum sequeretur ad Troiam, expugnata civitate ui a Paride sublatam. unde factum est, ut Paris timore, ne qui eum insequerentur, non recto itinere properaret ad patriam, sed deverteret ad Aegyptum et ad regem Proteum veniret. qui cum esset sacrificus et agnovisset alienam uxorem a Paride raptam, duci eam dicitur subtraxisse et nescio quibus disciplinis phantasma in similitudinem Helenae formatum Paridi dedisse, quod in undecimo plenius invenies. {{sc|'''inconcessosqve hymenaeos'''}} et fato et legibus. Hymenaeus autem ut alii dicunt deus est nuptiarum, ut alii, quidam iuvenis fuit, qui die nuptiarum oppressus ruina est, unde expiationis causa nominatur in nuptiis. falsum est autem; nam uitari magis debuit nomen extincti. sed hoc habet ueritas: Hymenaeus quidam apud Athenas inter bella saevissima uirgines liberavit, quam ob causam nubentes eius inuocant nomen, quasi liberatoris uirginitatis. hinc etiam apud Romanos Thalassio inuocatur. cum enim in raptu Sabinarum plebeius quidam raptam pulcherrimam duceret, ne ei auferretur ab aliis, Thalassionis eam ducis nobilis esse simulavit, cuius nomine fuit puellae tuta uirginitas. 

{{ancora+|652|[[Aeneis/Liber I#652|652.]]}} {{sc|'''extvlerat'''}} secum exportaverat. {{sc|'''matris ledae mirabile donvm'''}} uel quod ipsa filiae, uel quod ei Iuppiter dederat. 

{{ancora+|653|[[Aeneis/Liber I#653|653.]]}} {{sc|'''praeterea sceptrvm ilione'''}}  bene offert munera apta personis, sicut etiam Latino in septimo. {{sc|'''ilione qvod gesserat olim'''}} quia etiam feminae sceptro utebantur. ‘gesserat’ autem pro gestaverat, ut “hoc Priami gestamen erat”. et quaeritur, utrum hoc sceptrum de Thracia, an de Troia sublatum. quidam Aeneae ab Iliona datum dicunt. sed quamuis apta nupturae reginae sint munera, tamen futurorum malorum continere omen uidentur. 

{{ancora+|654|[[Aeneis/Liber I#654|654.]]}} {{sc|'''maxima natarvm priami'''}}  quia ante etiam feminae regnabant, praesertim primogenitae; unde est ‘maxima’. haec autem uxor Polymestoris fuit, quae post captum Ilium eiecta a uiro manu sua interiit. {{sc|'''monile'''}} ornamentum gutturis, quod et segmentum dicunt, ut Iuvenalis “segmenta et longos habitus”, licet segmentatas uestes dicamus, ut ipse “et segmentatis dormisset paruula cunis”. 

{{ancora+|655|[[Aeneis/Liber I#655|655.]]}} {{sc|'''bacatvm'''}} ornatum margaritis. dicimus autem et haec margarita et hoc margaritum et haec margaris, quod Graecum est, quo modo Nais. sane multi separant gemmam a margarita, ut Cicero “nullam gemmam aut margaritam”, et gemmas uolunt dici diversi coloris, margaritas uero albas; uel gemmas integras, margaritas pertusas. {{sc|'''dvplicem'''}} aut latam, ut “duplici aptantur dentalia dorso”, item at “duplex agitur per lumbos spina”: aut certe re uera duplicem gemmis et auro. sane inmiscet Romanam consuetudinem; coronis enim feminae utebantur. 

{{ancora+|656|[[Aeneis/Liber I#656|656.]]}} {{sc|'''haec celerans'''}}  celeriter facere cupiens. 

{{ancora+|657|[[Aeneis/Liber I#657|657.]]}} {{sc|'''at cytherea'''}}  ab insula quae numero tantum plurali dicitur, ut “sunt alta Cythera”. {{sc|'''novas artes'''}} ars ton meson est, unde sine epitheto male ponitur. ueteres autem artes pro dolis ponebant, ut Terentius in heauton timorumeno “offendi quendam ibi militem eius noctem orantem: haec arte tractabat uirum”, item in Phormione “artificem probum”; nam et Graeci g-dolos g-technas dicunt, ut in secundo “periurique arte Sinonis”. 

{{ancora+|658|[[Aeneis/Liber I#658|658.]]}} {{sc|'''faciem mvtatvs'''}}  nota figura est. quod autem addidit ‘et ora’, perissologia est. 

{{ancora+|659|[[Aeneis/Liber I#659|659.]]}} {{sc|'''fvrentem incendat reginam'''}}  incendat et furere faciat, ut “animumque labantem inpulit”. {{sc|'''inplicet'''}} proprie ait; inpliciti enim morbo dicuntur; nam et amor morbus. 

{{ancora+|661|[[Aeneis/Liber I#661|661.]]}} {{sc|'''domvm timet ambigvam'''}}  in qua habitat mutabilis femina, ut “uarium et mutabile semper femina”, item Iuno in quarto “suspectas habuisse domos Carthaginis altae”. {{sc|'''ambigvam'''}} modo incertam. alias ‘ambiguam’ pro gemina duplicique accipitur, ut “agnovit prolem ambiguam”. {{sc|'''bilingves'''}} fallaces; nec enim ad linguam rettulit, sed ad mentem. 

{{ancora+|662|[[Aeneis/Liber I#662|662.]]}} {{sc|'''atrox ivno'''}}  quantum ad Venerem pertinet saeva, non quod ita de ea poeta iudicet. {{sc|'''et svb noctem cvra recvrsat'''}} circa noctem. et sciendum quia, cum tempus significatur, sub praepositio accusativo cohaeret, ut “aut ubi sub lucem densa inter nubila sese diversi rumpunt radii”. et bene ‘sub noctem cura recursat’, quia uehementiores curae uel circa noctem uel per noctem sunt. ‘recursat’ autem recurrit et revertitur; quasi semper in mentem venit. 

{{ancora+|663|[[Aeneis/Liber I#663|663.]]}} {{sc|'''aligervm'''}} compositum a poeta nomen. {{sc|'''ergo his aligervm dictis adfatvr amorem'''}} latini deum ipsum ‘Cupidinem’ uocant, hoc quod facit ‘amorem’. sed hic imitatus est Graecos, qui uno nomine utrumque significant; nam Amorem dixit deum: sed discrevit epitheto. sane numen hoc ratione non caret. nam quia turpitudinis est stulta cupiditas, puer pingitur, ut “inter quas curam Clymene narrabat inanem”, id est amorem, item quia inperfectus est in amantibus sermo, sicut in puero, ut “incipit effari mediaque in uoce resistit”. alatus autem ideo est, quia amantibus nec levius aliquid nec mutabilius invenitur, ut in ipsa probatur Didone; nam de eius interitu cogitat, cuius paulo ante amore deperibat, ut “non potui abreptum divellere corpus”. sagittas uero ideo gestare dicitur, quia et ipsae incertae uelocesque sunt. et haec ratio paene in omnibus aliis numinibus pro potestatum qualitate formatur. 

{{ancora+|664|[[Aeneis/Liber I#664|664.]]}} {{sc|'''nate meae vires'''}}  aut quia Veneria uoluptas exerceri sine amore non potest, aut secundum Simoniden qui dicit, Cupidinem ex Venere tantum esse progenitum: quamquam alii dicant ex ipsa et Marte, alii ex ipsa et Vulcano, alii uero Chai et primae rerum naturae eum esse filium uelint. sane et hic persuasoriam agit, sicut superius, ubi Iuno ad Aeolum loquitur “Aeole, namque tibi”. sed ibi quia dea cum homine loquebatur, principio opus non fuit, hic uero principio usus est, quia dea cum deo loquitur ad benivolentiam comparandam. ‘nate’ ab indulgentissimo nomine: causa amoris ‘mea magna potentia’: quid possit facere ‘qui tela typhoea temnis’: pro quo ‘frater ut Aeneas pelago tuus’: contra quem ‘odiis Iunonis iniquae’: nam quod dicit ‘frater tuus’, non ‘filius meus’, ostendit etiam ei profuturum qui rogatur; nam ex eo genere est illud ‘et nostro doluisti saepe dolore’. sequitur causa ‘hunc Phoenissa tenet Dido’: timor ipsius ‘et uereor quo se Iunonia uertant hospitia’: rem ipsam ‘quocirca capere ante dolis’: modus ‘qua facere id possis’: quamdiu ‘noctem non amplius unam’: an difficile sit ‘et notos pueri puer indue uultus’: quomodo ‘ut cum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido’: subito amabit ‘occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno’: nihil promisit; quid enim promitteret deo? SOLUS, {{sc|'''nate'''}} qui Iovis contemnis fulmina, quae diis ceteris solent esse terrori. 

{{ancora+|665|[[Aeneis/Liber I#665|665.]]}} {{sc|'''patris svmmi'''}}  nunc quidem de Iove proprie dixit. sciendum tamen pro qualitate rerum uel personarum summum deum dici uel patrem; nam unusquisque eum summum putat esse quem colit, ut “summe deum sancti custos Soractis Apollo”. {{sc|'''typhoea'''}} multi ‘Typhoia’ legunt, ut cerialia et cerealea. ‘Typhoea’ autem dixit non quibus Typhoeus usus est, sed quibus Iuppiter in Typhoeum: a spoliis id est uirtute et uictoria epitheton posuit, ut Scipio Africanus et Metellus Creticus. {{sc|'''temnis'''}} aphaeresis est pro contemnis. hac autem laude hoc agit, facile eum posse Iunonem contemnere qui contemnit et Iovem. 

{{ancora+|666|[[Aeneis/Liber I#666|666.]]}} {{sc|'''ad te confvgio'''}}  personarum ratio facit laudis augmentum. {{sc|'''tva nvmina'''}} possibilitatem. et notandum unum deum plura habere numina, ut supra diximus de Iunone. 

{{ancora+|667|[[Aeneis/Liber I#667|667.]]}} {{sc|'''frater vt aeneas'''}}  conciliatio a qualitate personae. ‘ut’ autem est quemadmodum, quod in pronuntiatione extenditur, quando temporis non est. 

{{ancora+|668|[[Aeneis/Liber I#668|668.]]}} {{sc|'''iactetvrqve'''}} uacat ‘que’. {{sc|'''odiis ivnonis iniqvae'''}} iusta causa petitionis ostenditur. ‘odium’ autem ‘o’ in nomine breve est, in uerbo longum, ut ‘odi’, quemadmodum ‘liquor’ ‘li’ brevis est, ‘liquitur’ longa. 

{{ancora+|669|[[Aeneis/Liber I#669|669.]]}} {{sc|'''nota tibi'''}}  Graeca figura est, ut Terentius “mira uero militi quae placeant”. NOSTRO DOLVISTI SAEPE DOLORE ‘nostro’ aut eo quo et ego, aut ‘doluisti’ ideo quia me dolentem uidisti, ut ‘dolea illa re’. 

{{ancora+|670|[[Aeneis/Liber I#670|670.]]}} {{sc|'''phoenissa'''}} de Phoenice. {{sc|'''tenet'''}} moratur. {{sc|'''blandis vocibvs'''}} ideo dixit ‘blandis’, ut ostenderet Didonem facile amore incendi posse, quae ante iam blanda est, quam amat. 

{{ancora+|671|[[Aeneis/Liber I#671|671.]]}} {{sc|'''qvo se ivnonia vertant hospitia'''}}  ‘quo’ in quam partem. ‘Iunonia’ autem ‘hospitia’ Carthaginem dicit, ubi habitabat Iuno, ut “hic illius arma”: aut certe hoc ipsum uereor, quod Aeneae Carthago in hospitium patuit, ut est “timeo Danaos et dona ferentes”. 

{{ancora+|672|[[Aeneis/Liber I#672|672.]]}} {{sc|'''havd tanto cessabit cardine rervm'''}}  aut g-deiktikos dixit, ne in tantum quidem, hoc est brevi occasione cessabit; aut simpliciter intellegendum est, non poterit in tanta rerum opportunitate cessare, ut sit de proverbio tractum, quo dicitur ‘res in cardine est’, hoc est in articulo. quidam sic intellegunt: cum in incerto statutae res sunt, in cardine esse dicuntur, et translationem uerbi a ianua tractam uolunt, quae motu cardinis hac atque illac inpelli potest. 

{{ancora+|673|[[Aeneis/Liber I#673|673.]]}} {{sc|'''qvocirca'''}} quapropter. {{sc|'''meditor'''}} mente pertracto. 

{{ancora+|674|[[Aeneis/Liber I#674|674.]]}} {{sc|'''ne qvo se nvmine mvtet'''}}  ‘quo’ uel uacat, uel pronomen est. et bene supprimit nomen Iunonis, ne eius frequenti commemoratione Cupidinem terreat; magis enim uult eum intellegere, quam audire Iunonem. aut certe aduerbium est, ut sit, timeo ne se numine Dido aliquam commutet in partem. 

{{ancora+|675|[[Aeneis/Liber I#675|675.]]}} {{sc|'''mecvm'''}} id est cum officio Venerio, nec potest intellegi ‘quemadmodum ego’; aliter enim a matre Aeneas amatur, aliter a Didone. {{sc|'''mecvm'''}} per meos amores, id est me adnitente. 

{{ancora+|676|[[Aeneis/Liber I#676|676.]]}} {{sc|'''qva'''}} id est quomodo. {{sc|'''accipe'''}} audi, ut “accipe nunc Danaum insidias”, ut contra ‘da’ dic; ut “da, non indebita posco” et “da Tityre nobis”. {{sc|'''mentem'''}} dispositionem, consilium. 

{{ancora+|677|[[Aeneis/Liber I#677|677.]]}} {{sc|'''accitv'''}} evocatione. et est quartae declinationis. 

{{ancora+|678|[[Aeneis/Liber I#678|678.]]}} {{sc|'''vrbem sidoniam'''}}  quam tenent Sidonii. {{sc|'''mea maxima cvra'''}} et Aeneas cura est, sed Ascanius maxima, “cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus debentur”: et ubique Ascanius maxima cura Veneris introducitur, ut “Veneris iustissima cura”, item “hunc tegere et dirae ualeam subducere pugnae”. 

{{ancora+|679|[[Aeneis/Liber I#679|679.]]}} {{sc|'''dona restantia'''}}  quae restiterunt, quae superfuerunt. et ante pelagus posuit, cum post Troiae eversionem navigaverit Aeneas. 

{{ancora+|680|[[Aeneis/Liber I#680|680.]]}} {{sc|'''sopitvm somno'''}}  unum quidem est sopor et somnus, sed modo ‘sopitum’ inrigatum intellegimus. {{sc|'''cythera'''}} sicut supra dictum est genere neutro pluraliter, ut alibi “sunt alta Cythera”. 

{{ancora+|681|[[Aeneis/Liber I#681|681.]]}} {{sc|'''idalivm'''}} Cypri nemus est, in quo oppidum breve, ut paulo post “Idaliae lucos”, item “Idaliumque nemus”. {{sc|'''sacrata sede'''}} uel templi uel oppidi. 

{{ancora+|682|[[Aeneis/Liber I#682|682.]]}} {{sc|'''ne qva'''}}  ‘qua’ uacat, ut frequenter diximus. {{sc|'''medivs'''}} inportunus, incongruus. 

{{ancora+|683|[[Aeneis/Liber I#683|683.]]}} {{sc|'''tv faciem illivs'''}}  ‘faciem’ pro uultu posuit. nullus enim faciem alterius potest accipere, sed uultum, qui pro mentis qualitate formatur: unde infra est ‘et notos pueri puer indue uultus’. {{sc|'''tv faciem illivs'''}} quod difficile numini non est, ut in faciem mutetur alterius. sane ‘illius’ in Georgicis corripuit, ut “illius inmensae”. {{sc|'''noctem non amplivs vnam'''}} ut supra diximus artis poeticae est non omnia dicere: unde nunc praemisit ‘noctem unam’; nec enim dicturus est aut abscessum Cupidinis aut aduentum Ascanii. 

{{ancora+|684|[[Aeneis/Liber I#684|684.]]}} {{sc|'''pveri pver'''}}  argumentum a facili. {{sc|'''laetissima dido'''}} non est epitheton perpetuum, id est cum laeta esse coeperit. 

{{ancora+|686|[[Aeneis/Liber I#686|686.]]}} {{sc|'''regales inter mensas'''}}  epulas intemperantes, in quibus castitas rara est et facilis amoris occasio: unde est “sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus”. {{sc|'''laticemqve lyaevm'''}} latex proprie aqua est fontium ab eo quod intra terrae venas lateat, sed et uinum latet intra uvam, unde nunc dixit laticem. ‘Lyaeum’ autem pro ‘Lyaeium’ dixit, figurate ponens principalitatem pro derivatione. 

{{ancora+|688|[[Aeneis/Liber I#688|688.]]}} {{sc|'''occvltvm inspires ignem'''}}  definitio amoris est ignis occultus. {{sc|'''veneno'''}} venenum dictum ab eo quod per venas eat. ideo post ait “longumque bibebat amorem”. 

{{ancora+|689|[[Aeneis/Liber I#689|689.]]}} {{sc|'''paret amor dictis'''}}  ut supra pro Cupidine amorem ponit. sane notandum, quod interdum ubi inducit minorem festinantem parere, maiori respondentem eum non facit, ut hoc loco Cupidinem, ut in quarto “ille patris magni parere parabat imperio”, et in septimo “exin Gorgoneis Alecto infecta venenis”. 

{{ancora+|690|[[Aeneis/Liber I#690|690.]]}} {{sc|'''et alas exvit'''}}  laus ingens Ascanii per transitum, siquidem Cupido alis tantum depositis Ascanius fuit. 

{{ancora+|691|[[Aeneis/Liber I#691|691.]]}} {{sc|'''placidam per membra qvietem'''}}  aut epitheton est quietis, aut ideo ‘placidam’ dixit, quia est quies, quae potest etiam somniorum terrore turbari. 

{{ancora+|692|[[Aeneis/Liber I#692|692.]]}} {{sc|'''inrigat'''}} infundit: proprie quia et somnus sic pingitur quasi cornu infundat. {{sc|'''fotvm'''}} sublatum, complexum. 

{{ancora+|693|[[Aeneis/Liber I#693|693.]]}} {{sc|'''amaracvs'''}} hic puer regius unguentarius fuit, qui casu lapsus dum ferret unguenta, maiorem ex unguentorum confusione odorem creavit: unde optima unguenta amaracina dicuntur. hic postea in herbam sampsucum uersus est, quam nunc etiam amaracum dicunt. 

{{ancora+|695|[[Aeneis/Liber I#695|695.]]}} {{sc|'''iamqve ibat'''}}  cum uix Venus ista dixisset. sane neque festinantibus personis neque minoribus est respondendi facultas, ut hoc loco Cupidini, Mercurio supra, item in quarto, ut in septimo Furiae. 

{{ancora+|697|[[Aeneis/Liber I#697|697.]]}} {{sc|'''cvm venit'''}}  aut pro ‘cum veniret’, aut ut ‘cum’ sit aduerbium temporis pro dum; nec enim potest coniunctivi modi particula iungi indicativo. sane sciendum, malo errore ‘cum’ et ‘dum’ a Romanis esse confusa. {{sc|'''avlaeis'''}} uelis pictis, quae ideo aulaea dicta sunt, quod primum in aula Attali regis Asiae, qui populum Romanum scripsit heredem, inuenta sunt. ideo autem etiam in domibus tendebantur aulaea, ut imitatio tentoriorum fieret, sub quibus bellantes semper habitavere maiores: unde et in thalamis hoc fieri hodieque conspicimus. Varro tamen dicit uela solere suspendi ad excipiendum puluerem, quia usus camerae ignorabatur: unde Horatius “interea suspensa gravis aulaea ruinas in patinam fecere, trahentia pulueris atri, quantum non Aquilo Campanis excitat oris”. sciendum sane omnia Graeca nomina in e exeuntia, cum derivationem faciunt, e in ae diphthongon conuertere, ut aule aulaea, g-Ideh Idaea, g-Aitneh Aetnaea. {{sc|'''svperbis'''}} nobilibus, ut “ceciditque superbum Ilium”. 

{{ancora+|698|[[Aeneis/Liber I#698|698.]]}} {{sc|'''avrea'''}} si ‘Dido aurea’, pulchram significat, et est nominativus, si ‘sponda aurea’, septimus quidem est, sed synizesis fit, et spondeus est. {{sc|'''sponda'''}} antiqui stibadia non habebant, sed stratis tribus lectis epulabantur, unde et triclinium sterni dicitur. sic Cicero “sterni triclinia, et in foro sterni iubebat”. unde apparet errare eos, qui triclinium dicunt ipsam basilicam uel cenationem. {{sc|'''mediamqve locavit'''}} ipse enim apud maiores domini fuerat locus, ut aperte Sallustius docet “igitur discubuere: Sertorius inferior in medio, super eum L- Fabius Hispaniensis senator ex proscriptis; in summo Antonius, et infra scriba Sertorii Versius; et alter scriba Maecenas in imo, medius inter Tarquinium et dominum Perpernam”. {{sc|'''locavit'''}} collocavit. 

{{ancora+|699|[[Aeneis/Liber I#699|699.]]}} {{sc|'''iam pater aeneas'''}}  religiosus, quia pater proprie omnium deorum epitheton est, ut ubique ostendit Vergilius. 

{{ancora+|700|[[Aeneis/Liber I#700|700.]]}} {{sc|'''ostro'''}} pro purpura posuit, unde tingitur purpura. 

{{ancora+|701|[[Aeneis/Liber I#701|701.]]}} {{sc|'''dant manibvs famvli lymphas'''}}  humilis character, qui ischnos dicitur; uilia enim describuntur. {{sc|'''cereremqve canistris'''}} hic panem, alibi triticum, ut “tum Cererem corruptam undis”. {{sc|'''expedivnt'''}} proferunt. TONSISQUE FERUNT MANTELIA VILLIS ‘tonsis uillis’ uel minutis uel conpositis, ut “tonsa coma, pressa corona est”; constat enim maiores mappas habuisse uillosas, quibus etiam in sacris utebantur, sicut in georgicis “manibus liquidos dant ordine fontis germanae, tonsisque ferunt mantelia uillis”; de supplicaturis enim hoc dixit. ‘mantelia’ uero a manibus tergendis dicta, et est nominativus mantele, quo modo torale. quod autem legimus “ne turpe toral”, apocope est. 

{{ancora+|703|[[Aeneis/Liber I#703|703.]]}} {{sc|'''qvinqvaginta'''}} hoc est multae. {{sc|'''ordine longo'''}} id est dispositione, secundum Tullium, qui in oeconomicis dicit, quid ubi ponendum sit; nec enim debent universa confundi. {{sc|'''cvra penvm strvere'''}} inter penum et cellarium hoc interest, quod cellarium est paucorum dierum, unde et in cellam dicitur imperatum frumentum, penus uero temporis longi. sane dicimus et hic et haec et hoc penus, sed a masculino et a feminino genere quarta est declinatio, a neutro tertia, quo modo pecus pecoris. unde Horatius “portet frumenta penusque”, masculino uero genere Plautus “nisi mihi annuus penus datur”, feminino Lucilius posuit, ut “uxori legata penus”. quartae autem declinationis esse Persius docet, ut in “locuplete penu defensis pinguibus Umbris”. 

{{ancora+|704|[[Aeneis/Liber I#704|704.]]}} {{sc|'''strvere'''}} ordinare, conponere, unde et structores dicuntur ferculorum conpositores. {{sc|'''et flammis adolere penates'''}} colere. sed adolere proprie est augere. in sacris autem kat’ euphemismon adolere per bonum omen dicitur; nam in aris non adolentur aliqua, sed cremantur et consumuntur. {{sc|'''et flammis adolere penates'''}} quia ueteres in focis sacrificabant, ut ipse alibi “hortor amare focos”. 

{{ancora+|705|[[Aeneis/Liber I#705|705.]]}} {{sc|'''totidemqve pares aetate ministri'''}}  non numerus habet admirationem, sed aetatis aequalitas. 

{{ancora+|706|[[Aeneis/Liber I#706|706.]]}} {{sc|'''qvi dapibvs mensas onerent'''}}  dapes regum sunt, epulae privatorum. ‘onerent’ autem potest et ad abundantiam retulisse et de ueterum more dixisse, quibus cum accubuissent omnis cena semel adponebatur. et quidam uolunt hoc secundum ueterem caerimoniarum ritum aduerti debere, quod flamini Diali mensa inanis non anteponebatur; nam cum dicit ‘qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant’, et alibi “et uina reponite mensis”, quid aliud ostendit, quam mensam uacuam non antepositam Aeneae, quem ubique omnia sacerdotia inducit habuisse? {{sc|'''et pocvla ponant'''}} secundum antiquum locutus est morem, quia ueteribus non in manus dabantur pocula, sed mensis adponebantur, ut hodieque apud plures pocula in canistris argenteis adponuntur, quae canistra siccaria dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|708|[[Aeneis/Liber I#708|708.]]}} {{sc|'''toris pictis'''}}  pro in toris pictis. et torus dictus est, quod ueteres super herbam tortam uel sedebant uel discumbebant, ut “proximus ut uiridante toro consederat herbae”. {{sc|'''ivssi discvmbere'''}} bene ‘iussi’ de regiis satellitibus dixit, qui utique subiecti habebantur imperio, nec tamquam hospites fuerant inuitati. discumbere autem iuxta consuetudinem suorum temporum dixit, quia olim sedentes uescebantur, ut ipse alibi “gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili” et “perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis”. 

{{ancora+|709|[[Aeneis/Liber I#709|709.]]}} {{sc|'''mirantvr dona aeneae'''}} , {{sc|'''mirantvr ivlvm'''}} hoc ad Tyrios rettulit. {{sc|'''mirantvr ivlvm'''}} quem putabant Iulum. 

{{ancora+|710|[[Aeneis/Liber I#710|710.]]}} {{sc|'''flagrantisqve dei vvltvs'''}}  hoc ad poetam refertur. {{sc|'''flagrantis'''}} ardentis divinitate. {{sc|'''simvlataqve verba'''}} conposita in Ascanii similitudinem. et hoc ex persona poetae accipiendum 

{{ancora+|712|[[Aeneis/Liber I#712|712.]]}} {{sc|'''praecipve infelix'''}}  propter casum futurum, ut probant sequentia ‘pesti devota futurae’. ideo ergo infelix. ‘pesti’ autem amori uel malo. ‘devota’ uero de oratione Augusti translata locutio, quam habuit in laudatione funeris Marcelli, cum diceret, illum inmaturae morti devotum fuisse. 

{{ancora+|713|[[Aeneis/Liber I#713|713.]]}} {{sc|'''expleri mentem neqvit'''}}  Graeca figura est. {{sc|'''tvendo'''}} dum intuetur. et omnis gerundi modus tam ab agentis quam a patientis significatione similiter profertur, ut “cantando tu illum”, id est dum cantas, et “frigidus in pratis cantando rumpitur anguis”, id est dum ei cantatur. 

{{ancora+|714|[[Aeneis/Liber I#714|714.]]}} {{sc|'''ille vbi'''}}  postquam, ut Horatius “nos ubi decidimus”, hoc est postquam; nam si loci esset, ‘quo’ diceret. ergo ‘ubi’ interdum aduerbium loci est, interdum temporis. 

{{ancora+|716|[[Aeneis/Liber I#716|716.]]}} {{sc|'''et magnvm'''}}  arduum; difficile est enim imitari uerum filii adfectum. {{sc|'''falsi implevit genitoris amorem'''}} non ueri, uel pro eo qui fallebatur, ut sit, implevit amorem eius quem decipiebat simulando eum esse patrem suum, et est magis absolutum participium; nam illic nomen est “falsi Simoentis ad undam”. 

{{ancora+|717|[[Aeneis/Liber I#717|717.]]}} {{sc|'''reginam petit'''}}  non simpliciter dixit ‘petit’; nam petere est proprie insidiari. 

{{ancora+|718|[[Aeneis/Liber I#718|718.]]}} {{sc|'''gremio fovet'''}}  sustinet, ut “et fotum gremio”. 

{{ancora+|719|[[Aeneis/Liber I#719|719.]]}} {{sc|'''insidat'''}} in sinu sedeat, legitur tamen et ‘insideat’, id est ut quidam uolunt insidias faciat. {{sc|'''at memor ille matris'''}} hoc est praeceptorum matris. 

{{ancora+|720|[[Aeneis/Liber I#720|720.]]}} {{sc|'''acidaliae'''}} Acidalia Venus dicitur uel quia inicit curas, quas Graeci g-akidas dicunt, uel certe a fonte Acidalio qui est in Orchomeno Boeotiae civitate, in quo se Gratiae lavant, quas Veneri esse constat sacratas; ipsius enim et Liberi filiae sunt: nec immerito; gratiae enim per horum fere numinum munera conciliantur. ideo autem nudae sunt, quod gratiae sine fuco esse debent, ideo conexae, quia insolubiles esse gratias decet: Horatius “segnesque nodum soluere Gratiae”. quod uero una aversa pingitur, duae nos respicientes, haec ratio est, quia profecta a nobis gratia duplex solet reverti, unde est supra “nec te certasse priorem paeniteat”. sane Veneri multa nomina pro locis uel causis dicuntur inposita. nam Venerem uocari quidam propter promptam veniam dicunt. alii “Suadam” appellant, quod ipsa conciliatio Suada sit. dicitur etiam “Obsequens VenusV, quam Fabius Gurges post peractum bellum Samniticum ideo hoc nomine consecravit, quod sibi fuerit obsecuta: hanc Itali “Postuotam” dicunt. dicta est etiam “Equestris Venus”, dicta et “Cloacina”, quia ueteres cloare purgare dixerunt. dicitur et “Myrica” et “Myrtea” et “Purpurissa”. est et “Erycina”, quam Aeneas secum aduexit. dicitur et “Salacia”, quae proprie meretricum dea appellata est a ueteribus, et “Lubentina”, quae lubentiam mentibus novam praestat, quamuis alii hanc “Lubiam” dicant, quod eo numine consilia in medullas labantur. alii “Mimnerniam” uel “Meminiam” dicunt, quod meminerit omnium. est et “Verticordia”, est et “Militaris VenusV, est et “Limnesia” quae portubus praeest. ipsa et “Victrix” et “Genetrix” ex Caesaris somnio sacrata. est et “Venus Calua” ob hanc causam, quod cum Galli Capitolium obsiderent et deessent funes Romanis ad tormenta facienda, prima Domitia crinem suum, post ceterae matronae imitatae eam exsecuerunt, unde facta tormenta, et post bellum statua Veneri hoc nomine collocata est, licet alii Caluam Venerem quasi puram tradant, alii Caluam, quod corda amantum caluiat, id est fallat atque eludat. quidam dicunt porrigine olim capillos cecidisse feminis et Ancum regem suae uxori statuam caluam posuisse, quod constitit piaculo; nam post omnibus feminis capilli renati sunt, unde institutum, ut Calua Venus coleretur. apud Cyprios Venus in modum umbilici, uel ut quidam uolunt, metae colitur. apud Ephesios “Venerem Automatam” dixerunt, uel “Epidaetiam”. ratio autem horum nominum talis est. Meliboea et Alexis amore se mutuo dilexerunt et iuramento se adstrinxerunt, ut cum tempus nuptiarum venisset sibimet iungerentur: sed cum uirginem parentes sui alii despondissent et hoc Alexis uidisset, spontaneum subiit exilium. uirgo autem ipso nuptiarum die semet de tecto praecipitavit: quae cum inlaesa decidisset, in fugam conuersa pervenit ad litus ibique scapham ascendit, ex qua sponte funes soluti esse dicuntur. uoluntate itaque deorum peruecta est ubi amator morabatur: quam cum ille parans cum sodalibus conuivium suscepisset, pro ipso rei eventu templum constituit. quod ergo sponte fuissent ⟨funes⟩ soluti, Automatae Veneri nomen sacravit, quodque cum epulas pararet uirgo ei aquis fuisset aduecta, Epidaetiae sacravit. {{sc|'''abolere sichaevm incipit'''}} ordo naturalis. prius enim est avellere inhaerentia, et post nova inferre. sic Terentius “ut metum in quo nunc est adimam atque expleam animum gaudio”. 

{{ancora+|721|[[Aeneis/Liber I#721|721.]]}} {{sc|'''vivo amore'''}}  aut uivi hominis, aut certe uehementi. {{sc|'''praevertere'''}} praeoccupare: propter Iunonem sine dubio. 

{{ancora+|722|[[Aeneis/Liber I#722|722.]]}} {{sc|'''resides'''}} pigros, ad amandum inertes; iuraverat enim nulli se esse nupturam. resides sane milites otiosi et pigri dicuntur, ut “residesque movebit Tullus in arma uiros”. unde contra instantes dicimus industrios. 

{{ancora+|723|[[Aeneis/Liber I#723|723.]]}} {{sc|'''qvies epvlis'''}}  propter regalem affluentiam. contra supra ait “postquam exempta fames”. {{sc|'''mensaeqve remotae'''}} licet sub extranea persona, Romanorum tamen exsequitur morem, apud quos duae mensae erant: una epularum, altera poculorum. 

{{ancora+|724|[[Aeneis/Liber I#724|724.]]}} {{sc|'''crateras'''}} Graecum est ab eo quod est ‘hic crater’; nam Latine haec cratera dicitur, unde Persius “si tibi crateras argenti incusaque pingui auro dona feram”. ET VINA CORONANT ‘uina’ pro poculis posuit, et est tropus synecdoche, ut Cererem dicimus pro frumento. sic Plautus “uinum precemur; nam hic deus praesens adest”. ‘coronant’ autem est aut inplent usque ad marginem, aut quia antiqui coronabant pocula, et sic libabant: unde est “magnum cratera corona induit, inplevitque mero”. 

{{ancora+|725|[[Aeneis/Liber I#725|725.]]}} {{sc|'''it strepitvs tectis'''}}  id est ad tecta, ut “it clamor caelo”. legitur autem et ‘fit strepitus tectis’. 

{{ancora+|726|[[Aeneis/Liber I#726|726.]]}} {{sc|'''atria'''}} ut supra diximus, tangit Romanam historiam; nam ut ait Cato et in atrio et duobus ferculis epulabantur antiqui: unde ait Iuvenalis “quis fercula septem secreto cenavit avus?” ibi etiam pecunias habebant: unde etiam qui honoratiores erant liminum custodes adhibebantur, ut “qui Dardanio Anchisae armiger ante fuit, fidusque ad limina custos”. ibi et culina erat: unde et atrium dictum est; atrum enim erat ex fumo. alii dicunt Atriam Etruriae civitatem fuisse, quae domos amplis uestibulis habebat: quae cum Romani imitarentur atria appellaverunt. alii atria magnas aedes et capacissimas dictas tradunt, unde atria Licinia et atrium Libertatis. {{sc|'''lychni'''}} graeco sermone usus est, ne uile aliquid introferret. a lychno autem lucerna dicta est, unde et brevis est ‘lu’, ut Iuvenalis “dispositae pinguem nebulam uomuere lucernae”. Horatius “ungor olivo, non quo furatis inmundus Natta lucernis”. si enim a luce diceretur, non staret uersus. {{sc|'''laqvearibvs'''}} principaliter lacus dicitur, ut Lucilius “resultant aedesque lacusque”; diminutio lacunar facit, ut Horatius “nec mea renidet in domo lacunar”; inde fit alia diminutio lacunarium et per antistoichon laquearium. legitur et lacuaribus. Cicero Tusculanarum “tectis caelatis lacuatis”. 

{{ancora+|727|[[Aeneis/Liber I#727|727.]]}} {{sc|'''noctem vincvnt'''}}  luminis est exaggeratio. FUNALIA ‘funalia’ sunt quae intra ceram sunt, dicta a funibus, quos ante usum papyri cera circumdatos habuere maiores: unde et funera dicuntur, quod funes incensos mortuis praeferebant. alii funalia appellarunt quod in cicendula lucet, quos Graeci g-pursous uocant: Varro de uita P- R- “facibus aut candela simplici ;aut ex eo funiculo facto, earum uestigia quod ubi ea figebant appellarunt funalia”. non nulli apud ueteres candelabra dicta tradunt quae in capitibus uncinos haberent, quibus affigi solebant uel candelae uel funes pice delibuti: quae interdum erant minora, ut gestari manu et praeferri magistratibus a cena remeantibus possent. 

{{ancora+|728|[[Aeneis/Liber I#728|728.]]}} {{sc|'''hic'''}} tunc; est ergo aduerbium temporis. 

{{ancora+|729|[[Aeneis/Liber I#729|729.]]}} {{sc|'''qvam belvs'''}}  primus rex Assyriorum, ut supra diximus, quos constat Saturnum, quem et Solem dicunt, Iunonemque coluisse, quae numina etiam apud Afros postea culta sunt. unde et lingua Punica Bal deus dicitur. apud Assyrios autem Bel dicitur quadam sacrorum ratione et Saturnus et Sol. alii hunc Belum Saturni temporibus regnasse eiusdemque dei hospitem fuisse tradunt. 

{{ancora+|730|[[Aeneis/Liber I#730|730.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm facta silentia tectis'''}}  mos erat apud ueteres, ut lumine incenso silentium praeberetur, ut optativam sibi laudem loquendo nullus averteret. apud Romanos etiam cena edita sublatisque mensis primis silentium fieri solebat, quoad ea quae de cena libata fuerant ad focum ferrentur et in ignem darentur, ac puer deos propitios nuntiasset, ut diis honor haberetur tacendo que nos cum intercessit inter cenandum, Graeci quoque g-theohn g-parousian dicunt. 

{{ancora+|731|[[Aeneis/Liber I#731|731.]]}} {{sc|'''hospitibvs nam te dare ivra loqvvntvr'''}}  scilicet exemplo Lycaonis, qui cum hospites susceptos hospitio necaret, a suscepto Iove, postquam ei epulas humanas adposuit, uersus in lupum ostendit hospitii iura non esse uiolanda. 

{{ancora+|732|[[Aeneis/Liber I#732|732.]]}} {{sc|'''tyriisqve diem'''}}  atqui nox erat, sed per ‘diem’ accipimus et noctem. et quidam uolunt masculini generis ‘diem’ bonum significare, feminini malum. {{sc|'''troiaqve profectis'''}} bene noluit ‘profugis’ dicere. 

{{ancora+|733|[[Aeneis/Liber I#733|733.]]}} {{sc|'''esse velis'''}}  secundum Etruscam disciplinam locutus est; sic enim dicunt ‘uolens propitiusque sis’. 

{{ancora+|734|[[Aeneis/Liber I#734|734.]]}} {{sc|'''adsit laetitiae bacchvs dator'''}}  alii ‘adsis’ legunt, secundum quos ‘Bacchus’ aut antiptosis est, aut antiquus uocativus, ut “socer arma Latinus habeto”. {{sc|'''dator'''}} bene autem addidit ‘dator laetitiae’, quia est et dator furoris. {{sc|'''et bona ivno'''}} aut propitia, id est non irata Troianis, ut “sis bonus o felixque tuis”, aut magis ‘bona’ caelestis; est enim et inferna, ut “Iunoni infernae dictus sacer”. aut, sicut supra dictum est, chreste, quod est bona, quam inter penates Troiani habuisse dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|735|[[Aeneis/Liber I#735|735.]]}} {{sc|'''coetvm'''}} modo conuivium; et bono uerbo ad dignitatem duorum in uno populorum usus est. 

{{ancora+|736|[[Aeneis/Liber I#736|736.]]}} {{sc|'''laticvm libavit honorem'''}}  more sacrorum: et tangit ritum Romanorum, qui panicias sacratasque mensas habebant, in quas libabant, ut est “heus etiam mensas consumimus, inquit Iulus”. {{sc|'''laticvm libavit honorem'''}} diis enim hospitalibus et Iovi in mensam libabatur. 

{{ancora+|737|[[Aeneis/Liber I#737|737.]]}} {{sc|'''libato'''}} delibato. {{sc|'''svmmo tenvs'''}} usque ad labra. {{sc|'''attigit ore'''}} et uerecundiam reginae ostendit, et morem Romanum. nam apud maiores nostros feminae non utebantur uino, nisi sacrorum causa certis diebus. denique femina quae sub Romulo uinum bibit occisa est a marito, Mecennius absolutus, id enim nomen marito. sic Granius Licinianus cenae suae. 

{{ancora+|738|[[Aeneis/Liber I#738|738.]]}} {{sc|'''tvm bitiae'''}}  per transitum Poenorum ducum nomina introducit. nam Bitias classis Punicae fuit praefectus, ut docet Livius, Iopas uero rex Afrorum, unus de procis Didonis, ut Punica testatur historia. servavit autem to prepon: quare non Aeneae dedit, ne aut contumeliosum uideretur aut petulans. {{sc|'''increpitans'''}} inclamans, ut “aestatem increpitans seram”, aut certe arguens familiariter segnitiem tarde accipientis, cum esset avidus in bibendo; nam sequitur ‘ille inpiger’. melius tamen accipimus clara uoce hortatum, ut Plautus “neque ego ad mensam publicas res clamo, neque leges crepo” et Horatius “quis post uina gravem militiam aut pauperiem crepet?” {{sc|'''havsit'''}} modo accepit, nec possumus intellegere bibit, cum hoc sequatur ‘et pleno se proluit auro’. alibi uidit, ut “hausit caelum mentemque recepit”, alibi audivit, ut “uocemque his auribus hausi”, alibi uulnerat, ut “latus haurit apertum”. et multa alia pro loco significat. 

{{ancora+|739|[[Aeneis/Liber I#739|739.]]}} {{sc|'''prolvit'''}} bibendo profudit. 

{{ancora+|740|[[Aeneis/Liber I#740|740.]]}} {{sc|'''post alii proceres'''}}  ergo et Bitias unus est de proceribus; nam exoche sine similitudine numquam fit. sane ‘proceres’ de his est quae nominativum in usu non habent, ut supra “et uictor dicione tenebat”. nam nec hoc in usu habet nominativum, licet in conpositione dicamus condicio. proceres autem ideo secundum Varronem principes civitatis dicuntur, quia eminent in ea, sicut in aedificiis mutuli quidam, hoc est capita trabium, quae proceres nominantur. {{sc|'''crinitvs iopas'''}} aut puerum intellege, aut imitabatur Apollinis formam, cuius fuerat etiam artis imitator. 

{{ancora+|741|[[Aeneis/Liber I#741|741.]]}} {{sc|'''docvit qvae maximvs atlas'''}}  ‘quae’ legendum est non ‘quem’; nec enim istum docere potuit, qui Didonis erat temporibus, sed docuit Herculem: unde et dicitur ab Atlante caelum sustinuisse susceptum propter caeli scientiam traditam. constat enim Herculem fuisse philosophum, et ⟨haec⟩ est ratio, cur illa omnia monstra uidicit Nilum Melonem uocari, Atlantem uero Telamonem. {{sc|'''docvit qvae maximvs atlas'''}} id est quae ipse scit, quae ipse modulatus est - - hic Atlas Iapeti filius in Africa natus dicitur. hic quod annum in tempora diviserit et primus stellarum cursus uel circulorum uel siderum transitus naturasque descripserit, caelum dictus est sustinere. qui nepotem suum Mercurium et Herculem docuisse dicitur. 

{{ancora+|742|[[Aeneis/Liber I#742|742.]]}} {{sc|'''hic canit'''}}  bene philosophica introducitur cantilena in conuivio reginae adhuc castae: contra inter nymphas, ubi solae feminae erant, ait “Vulcani Martisque dolos et dulcia furta”. {{sc|'''errantem lvnam'''}} quia g-helikoeidehs est, id est obliquo incedit cursu, non recto, ut Sol: scilicet ne incidat in centrum terrae et frequenter patiatur eclipsin; uicinus enim est eius circulus terrae. SOLISQUE LABORES ‘canit’ per omnia intellegimus. planetae septem sunt, Saturnus Iuppiter Mars Sol Venus Mercurius Luna. sed quinque et contra mundum feruntur, et cum mundo quando retrogradi sunt; Sol uero et Luna semper contra mundum. ideo ergo dixit ‘Solis labores’: laborat enim nitens contra venientis sphaerae uolubilitatem. nec nos debet Homerus movere, qui ait g-hehlion g-akamanta; non enim eum dixit non laborare, sed laborem non sentire. {{sc|'''lvnam solisqve labores'''}} amat sane ubique Solem et Lunam iungere. 

{{ancora+|743|[[Aeneis/Liber I#743|743.]]}} {{sc|'''vnde hominvm genvs'''}}  si fabulam respicis, a Prometheo intellege, uel a Deucalione et Pyrrha; si autem ueritatem requiris, igni, alii de atomis, alii de quattuor elementis. {{sc|'''pecvdes'''}} pro omnibus posuit. {{sc|'''vnde imber'''}} scilicet de nubibus, quae secundum Lucretium de terrae anhelitu nascuntur, qui nebulas creat: quae cum altius fuerint elevatae, aut solis calore resolutae aut ui uentorum conpressae mittunt leves pluvias uel exprimunt concitatiores. {{sc|'''et ignes'''}} scilicet ex nubium conlisione. nam omnium rerum conlisio ignem creat, ut in lapidibus cernimus, uel attritu rotarum, uel in siluis arborum. 

{{ancora+|744|[[Aeneis/Liber I#744|744.]]}} {{sc|'''arctvrvm'''}} stella est post caudam maioris ursae, posita in signo bootae, unde arcturus dicta est, quasi g-arktou g-oura. hanc quidam agere arcton dicunt, quia arceram ueteres uehiculum uocabant. haec autem ut fabulae loquuntur Callisto fuit, comes Dianae, quam Iuppiter mutatus in Dianam stupravit, ex qua natus est filius nomine Arcas. cetera in libro I. georgicorum plenius narrata sunt. {{sc|'''plvviasqve hyadas'''}} hyades stellae sunt in fronte tauri, quae quotiens nascuntur pluvias creant: unde et Graece g-huades dictae sunt g-apo g-tou g-huein, Latine suculae a suco. sic ergo ait ‘pluviasque hyades’, ut “Plemyrium undosum”. alii dicunt hyadas dictas uel ab y littera uel g-apo g-tou g-huos, id est sue, in cuius formatae sunt faciem: nam ideo eas quidam suculas, sues scilicet, dici tradunt. has quidam uergilias dicunt, quod uere florido oriantur. hae autem fuerunt ut alii dicunt, Atlantis filiae, ut alii Liberi nutrices, quae se in pelagus furore praecipitaverunt. alii Erechthei filias pro patria se morti obtulisse aiunt, quas Pliadas uocant, quod Pleiones filiae esse dicantur. quidam hyadas ab Hyante fratre, quem inuentum extinctum usque ad mortem doluerunt, dictas putant. {{sc|'''geminosqve triones'''}} id est septemtriones, id est Helicen et Cynosuram; non enim semper de duobus dicunt geminos, sed de pluribus. et proprie triones sunt boves aratorii, qui terram terunt. non ergo incongrue dixit ‘triones’, quia septemtriones plaustra a nonnullis dicuntur. 

{{ancora+|745|[[Aeneis/Liber I#745|745.]]}} {{sc|'''qvid'''}} quam ob causam ‘properent se tinguere soles hiberni’. ratio hoc facit hemisphaerii, quia hieme breviore sol utitur circulo. {{sc|'''tingvere'''}} demergere. {{sc|'''soles'''}} uero pro diebus posuit, ut “tris adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus”. 

{{ancora+|746|[[Aeneis/Liber I#746|746.]]}} {{sc|'''vel qvae tardis mora noctibvs obstet'''}}  id est aestivis, tarde venientibus; ‘uel’ enim disiunctiva est coniunctio, nec patitur bis eandem rem dici: ergo hoc dicit, quae causa est longorum dierum. sed et hic ratio hemisphaerii est. {{sc|'''tardis'''}} non longis. 

{{ancora+|747|[[Aeneis/Liber I#747|747.]]}} {{sc|'''ingeminant plavsv tyrii troesqve seqvvntvr'''}}  imitantur. et bono usus est ordine, ut prius plauderent cives; nec enim aliter poterant audere peregrini, qui exspectabant, ut noscerent morem: unde supra et “uos o coetum Tyrii celebrate faventes”. 

{{ancora+|748|[[Aeneis/Liber I#748|748.]]}} {{sc|'''nec non et vario'''}}  arte poetica utitur, ut praemittat aliquid, quo sequens liber uideatur esse coniunctus: quod in omnibus servat. 

{{ancora+|749|[[Aeneis/Liber I#749|749.]]}} {{sc|'''longvm'''}} hic permaturum, aut qui non erat nisi ipsius morte finiendus. {{sc|'''bibebat amorem'''}} adlusit ad conuivium. sic Anacreon “erota pinon”. 

{{ancora+|750|[[Aeneis/Liber I#750|750.]]}} {{sc|'''svper priamo'''}}  de Priamo. nam eius praepositionis officio fungitur, pro qua ponitur, ut supra “et sub noctem cura recursat”, id est circa noctem. et sciendum, quod cum tempus significatur, ‘sub’ praepositio accusativo haeret semper. {{sc|'''rogitans'''}} scilicet quo modo sit uenditus rex; uel qui eum post decennale bellum exitus tulerit. 

{{ancora+|751|[[Aeneis/Liber I#751|751.]]}} {{sc|'''avrorae filivs'''}}  Memnon. ideo autem dixit ‘quibus ar- mis’, quia Vulcaniis armis usus fuisse narratur. {{sc|'''avrorae filivs armis'''}} quia etiam ei fecerat arma Vulcanus. qui cum auxilium Troianis ferret, apud Troiam occisus est. hic in tanto amore apud suos socios fuit, ut post eius mortem cum eum nimium deflerent miseratione deorum in aves conuersi dicantur et quotannis venire ad tumulum eius et ibi lamentatione et fletibus se dilacerare, donec aliquantae ibidem moriantur. 

{{ancora+|752|[[Aeneis/Liber I#752|752.]]}} {{sc|'''qvales diomedis eqvi'''}}  non debemus eos equos intellegere, quos Aeneae sustulit, nec enim congruit; sed de his interrogat, quos sustulit Rheso. ‘quales’ autem dixit, ac si diceret, anne sic feroces ut illi a quibus ducebant originem. Diomedes enim, rex Thracum, habuit equos qui humanis carnibus uescebantur. hos Hercules occiso crudeli tyranno abduxisse perhibetur: de quibus dicuntur supra memorati equi originem ducere. aut ideo ‘quales’, qui potuerint esse ita divini, ut inter fatalia Troiana numerarentur; nam ideo et supra “ardentes” ait. 

{{ancora+|753|[[Aeneis/Liber I#753|753.]]}} {{sc|'''immo age'''}}  uidit specialia cito posse finiri, et contulit se ad generalitatem. {{sc|'''et a prima dic hospes origine nobis'''}} id est a raptu Helenae: quod quidem Dido cupit, sed excusat Aeneas. et dicit ruinam se Troiae breviter esse dicturum, habita ratione temporis, ut “suadentque cadentia sidera somnos”. 

{{ancora+|754|[[Aeneis/Liber I#754|754.]]}} {{sc|'''insidias danavm'''}}  hoc ad Troianorum favorem, ne uideantur uirtute esse superati. et laudandum quod ‘insidias’ tantum dixerit, non et captum Ilium; nam et ipse Aeneas “accipe nunc Danaum insidias”. {{sc|'''casvsqve tvorvm'''}} ut eventu Troia corruerit, non fati necessitate. 

{{ancora+|755|[[Aeneis/Liber I#755|755.]]}} {{sc|'''erroresqve tvos'''}}  et responsio hunc ordinem sequitur. nam primo dicit Troiae ruinam, post errores suos. {{sc|'''septima aestas'''}} per aestates annos intellege; nam sic ante olympiadas conputabant. septem autem annos esse Dido cognovit ex Teucro.

{{liber
|Ante=
|AnteNomen=
|Post=Commentarius II
|PostNomen=../Liber II
}}

&lt;/div&gt;
{{finis}}</text>
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    <title>Liber:Polygamia Triumphatrix.pdf</title>
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|Title=[[Polygamia Triumphatrix]]
|Language=la
|Volume=
|Author=[[Scriptor:Johannes Lyserus|Johannes Lyserus]]
|Translator=
|Editor=
|Illustrator=
|Publisher=
|Address=Londini Scanorum
|Year=1682
|Source=
|Image=[[Image:Polygamia Triumphatrix.pdf|page=1|200px]]
|Progress=X
|Pages=&lt;pagelist 1=Titulus 2to10=– 11=1 576to609=– /&gt;
|Remarks={{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix
|titolo=Polygamia Triumphatrix
|from=1
|delta=Titulum
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Praefatio ad Lectorem
|titolo=Præfatio ad Lectorem
|from=3
|delta=–
}}
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|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 1
|titolo=Thesis I
|from=11
|delta=10
}}
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|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 2
|titolo=Thesis II
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|titolo=Thesis III
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|titolo=Thesis IV
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|titolo=Thesis XI
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|titolo=Thesis XIII
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|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 14
|titolo=Thesis XIV
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|titolo=Thesis XV
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|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 16
|titolo=Thesis XVI
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|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 17
|titolo=Thesis XVII
|from=117
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|titolo=Thesis XVIII
|from=120
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|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 19
|titolo=Thesis XIX
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|titolo=Thesis XX
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|titolo=Thesis XXI
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|titolo=Thesis XXII
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|titolo=Thesis XXIII
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|titolo=Thesis XXIV
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|titolo=Thesis XXV
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|titolo=Thesis XXVI
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|titolo=Thesis XXVII
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|titolo=Thesis XXVIII
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|titolo=Thesis XXIX
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|titolo=Thesis XXX
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|titolo=Thesis XXXIII
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|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 34
|titolo=Thesis XXXIV
|from=201
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 35
|titolo=Thesis XXXV
|from=205
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 36
|titolo=Thesis XXXVI
|from=212
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 37
|titolo=Thesis XXXVII
|from=218
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 38
|titolo=Thesis XXXVIII
|from=221
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 39
|titolo=Thesis XXXIX
|from=230
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 40
|titolo=Thesis XL
|from=233
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 41
|titolo=Thesis XLI
|from=237
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 42
|titolo=Thesis XLII
|from=241
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 43
|titolo=Thesis XLIII
|from=254
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 44
|titolo=Thesis XLIV
|from=263
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 45
|titolo=Thesis XLV
|from=268
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 46
|titolo=Thesis XLVI
|from=271
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 47
|titolo=Thesis XLVII
|from=278
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 48
|titolo=Thesis XLVIII
|from=280
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 49
|titolo=Thesis XLIX
|from=283
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 50
|titolo=Thesis L
|from=287
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 51
|titolo=Thesis LI
|from=296
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 52
|titolo=Thesis LII
|from=298
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 53
|titolo=Thesis LIII
|from=300
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 54
|titolo=Thesis LIV
|from=304
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 55
|titolo=Thesis LV
|from=308
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 56
|titolo=Thesis LVI
|from=322
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 57
|titolo=Thesis LVII
|from=324
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 58
|titolo=Thesis LVIII
|from=327
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 59
|titolo=Thesis LIX
|from=330
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 60
|titolo=Thesis LX
|from=338
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 61
|titolo=Thesis LXI
|from=343
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 62
|titolo=Thesis LXII
|from=348
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 63
|titolo=Thesis LXIII
|from=352
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 64
|titolo=Thesis LXIV
|from=354
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 65
|titolo=Thesis LXV
|from=357
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 66
|titolo=Thesis LXVI
|from=370
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 67
|titolo=Thesis LXVII
|from=377
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 68
|titolo=Thesis LXVIII
|from=379
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 69
|titolo=Thesis LXIX
|from=384
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 70
|titolo=Thesis LXX
|from=392
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 71
|titolo=Thesis LXXI
|from=399
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 72
|titolo=Thesis LXXII
|from=401
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 73
|titolo=Thesis LXXIII
|from=405
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 74
|titolo=Thesis LXXIV
|from=410
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 75
|titolo=Thesis LXXV
|from=417
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 76
|titolo=Thesis LXXVI
|from=450
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 77
|titolo=Thesis LXXVII
|from=454
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 78
|titolo=Thesis LXXVIII
|from=459
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 79
|titolo=Thesis LXXIX
|from=474
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 80
|titolo=Thesis LXXX
|from=478
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 81
|titolo=Thesis LXXXI
|from=479
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 82
|titolo=Thesis LXXXII
|from=481
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 83
|titolo=Thesis LXXXIII
|from=489
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 84
|titolo=Thesis LXXXIV
|from=512
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 85
|titolo=Thesis LXXXV
|from=522
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 86
|titolo=Thesis LXXXVI
|from=525
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 87
|titolo=Thesis LXXXVII
|from=533
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 88
|titolo=Thesis LXXXVIII
|from=553
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 89
|titolo=Thesis LXXXIX
|from=561
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Thesis 90
|titolo=Thesis XC
|from=567
|delta=10
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Addenda
|titolo=Addenda
|from=577
|delta=–
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Index Dictorum Scripturae
|titolo=Index Dictorum Scripturæ
|from=591
|delta=–
}}
{{Indice sommario
|nome=Polygamia Triumphatrix/Index Rerum
|titolo=Index Rerum
|from=598
|delta=–
}}
|Header={{rvh|{{{pagenum}}}|DE POLYGAMIA.|DISCURSUS}}
|Footer=
}}</text>
      <sha1>35ioxge5sb1ixygwau5mn6kcujqayb2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usor:Shenme/test</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>83608</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270949</id>
      <parentid>270734</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T22:37:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shenme</username>
        <id>17647</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>playing with wikitable</comment>
      <origin>270949</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="793" sha1="h88mh48fcvotluwqtxls4of4bw5vdov" xml:space="preserve">

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; {{ts|al}}
|- {{ts|ac}}
! Nomen formulae !! descriptio !! alia nomina !! parametri  !! exempla

|-
| {{tl|gothica}}
| text in gothic font
| {{tl|Bl}}  {{tl|blackletter}}
| lang= mode= {{tlx|gothica|1|lang{{=}}|mode{{=}}}}
| {{tlx|Bl|Deutſch}}   {{Bl|Deutſch}}
|-
|}

* {{tlx|ULS|lang=|mode=}}
* {{tlx|gothica|1|lang{{=}}|mode{{=}}}}
* {{tlx|gothica}}  via {{tlx|ULS|1|lang=|mode=}} lang= mode=
* {{tlx|Bl|Deutſch}}   {{Bl|Deutſch}}
* {{tlx|blackletter|Edelgebohren}} {{blackletter|Edelgebohren}}

{{gothica|Book}}

|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|- 
| Nomen formulae || descriptio || alia nomina || parametri  || exempla
|- {{ts|ac}}
| Nomen formulae
| descriptio
| alia nomina
| parametri 
| exempla</text>
      <sha1>h88mh48fcvotluwqtxls4of4bw5vdov</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270956</id>
      <parentid>270949</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T01:14:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shenme</username>
        <id>17647</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>save after network glitch</comment>
      <origin>270956</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1865" sha1="jbxhyq6m0nzm1s471vllknrl6kgx2cr" xml:space="preserve">Special:AllPages

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; {{ts|al}}
|- {{ts|ac}}
! Nomen formulae !! descriptio !! alia nomina !! parametri  !! exempla
|-
| {{tl|gothica}}
| text in gothic font
| {{tl|bl}}  {{tl|blackletter}}
| lang= mode= {{tlx|gothica|1|lang{{=}}|mode{{=}}}}
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{bl|Deutſch}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;   {{bl|Deutſch}}
|-
| {{tl|tl}}
| display a template name as a link surrounded by braces
| 
|
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tl|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;{{tl|sc}}
|-
| {{tl|tlx}}
| like {{tl|tl}}, but show example parameters
| 
|
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tlx|sc|text}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; {{tlx|sc|text}}
|-
| {{tl|sc}}
| format text as {{sc|Small caps}}
|
| 
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{sc|Henricus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;   {{sc|Henricus}}
|-
| {{tl|Litterarum spatia}} 
| format text with {{lsp|letter-spacing}}
| {{tl|lsp}} {{tl|spatio}} {{tl|spatium}}
| 
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{lsp|spatia}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; {{lsp|spatia}}
|-
| {{tl|graeca}}
| format text as Greek language, use Greek font
| {{tl|greek}}
| 
| {{tlx|Graeca|τὸν ἐπ᾽ Ἀριστείδου φόρον}}&lt;br&gt;{{Graeca|τὸν ἐπ᾽ Ἀριστείδου φόρον}}
|-
| {{tl|hebraica}}  
| format text as Hebrew language, use Hebrew font
| {{tl|hebrew}}
| {{tlx|Hebraica|ת|?}}
| {{tlx|Hebrew|בראשית}}&lt;br&gt;{{Hebrew|בראשית}}&lt;br&gt;{{tlx|Hebrew|בראשית|?}} {{Hebrew|בראשית|?}}
|-
| 
| 
|
| 
|
|-
|}
! Nomen formulae !! descriptio !! alia nomina !! parametri  !! exempla
|-
| 
| 
|
| 
|
* {{tlx|ULS|lang=|mode=}}


|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|- 
| Nomen formulae || descriptio || alia nomina || parametri  || exempla
|- {{ts|ac}}
| Nomen formulae
| descriptio
| alia nomina
| parametri 
| exempla


* {{tlx|gothica|1|lang{{=}}|mode{{=}}}}
* {{tlx|gothica}}  via {{tlx|ULS|1|lang=|mode=}} lang= mode=
* {{tlx|Bl|Deutſch}}   {{Bl|Deutſch}}
* {{tlx|blackletter|Edelgebohren}} {{blackletter|Edelgebohren}}</text>
      <sha1>jbxhyq6m0nzm1s471vllknrl6kgx2cr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270957</id>
      <parentid>270956</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T07:36:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Shenme</username>
        <id>17647</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>saving</comment>
      <origin>270957</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2782" sha1="9io7l2ake3cvjo5wa2n7jzq1hi4pfhb" xml:space="preserve">[[Special:AllPages]]
[[Specialis:Paginae_omnes]]
[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Specialis:Paginae_omnes?from=&amp;to=&amp;namespace=10 Special:AllPages Formulae]

types of templates:
* project (unique to one or a group of text projects)
* inline &lt;span&gt; text
* block  &lt;div&gt;
* specialized: char subst (scribal abbreviations)
* wikimedia
* wikisource
* conversational - message texts and message boxes

Could we have a column that has the equivalent :en: template name?

Really need a way to have simple shortcut name to long name lookup

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; {{ts|al}}
|- {{ts|ac}}
! Nomen formulae !! descriptio !! alia nomina !! parametri  !! exempla
|-
| {{tl|gothica}}
| text in gothic font
| {{tl|bl}}  {{tl|blackletter}}
| lang= mode= {{tlx|gothica|1|lang{{=}}|mode{{=}}}}
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{bl|Deutſch}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;   {{bl|Deutſch}}
|-
| {{tl|tl}}
| display template name as a link surrounded by braces
| 
|
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tl|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;{{tl|sc}}
|-
| {{tl|tlx}}
| like {{tl|tl}}, but show example parameters
| 
|
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{tlx|sc|text}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; {{tlx|sc|text}}
|-
| {{tl|sc}}
| format text as {{sc|Small caps}}
|
| 
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{sc|Henricus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;   {{sc|Henricus}}
|-
| {{tl|Litterarum spatia}} 
| format text with {{lsp|letter-spacing}}
| {{tl|lsp}} {{tl|spatio}} {{tl|spatium}}
| 
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{lsp|spatia}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; {{lsp|spatia}}
|-
| {{tl|graeca}}
| format text as Greek language, use Greek font
| {{tl|greek}}
| 
| {{tlx|Graeca|τὸν ἐπ᾽ Ἀριστείδου φόρον}}&lt;br&gt;{{Graeca|τὸν ἐπ᾽ Ἀριστείδου φόρον}}
|-
| {{tl|hebraica}}  
| format text as Hebrew language, use Hebrew font
| {{tl|hebrew}}
| {{tlx|Hebraica|ת|?}}
| {{tlx|Hebrew|בראשית}}&lt;br&gt;{{Hebrew|בראשית}}&lt;br&gt;{{tlx|Hebrew|בראשית|?}} {{Hebrew|בראשית|?}}
|-
| {{tl|regula}}
| horizontal line
| {{tl|rule}} {{tl|hline}}
| latitudo&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;width= altitudo&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;height= mt&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;t= mb&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;v= m= style= locus&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;align=
| {{tlx|rule|3em|altitudo{{=}}4px}} {{rule|3em|altitudo=4px}}
{{tlx|rule|3em|altitudo{{=}}4px|locus{{=}}sinistra}}&lt;br&gt;{{rule|3em|altitudo=4px|locus=sinistra}}
|-
| {{tl|}}
| 
|
| 
|
|-
| {{tl|}}
| 
|
| 
|
|-
|}
! Nomen formulae !! descriptio !! alia nomina !! parametri  !! exempla
|-
| 
| 
|
| 
|
* {{tlx|ULS|lang=|mode=}}


|-
! Formula brevis !! Liber / Usor !! Spatium principale !! Formula originalis !! Notae
|- 
| Nomen formulae || descriptio || alia nomina || parametri  || exempla
|- {{ts|ac}}
| Nomen formulae
| descriptio
| alia nomina
| parametri 
| exempla


* {{tlx|gothica|1|lang{{=}}|mode{{=}}}}
* {{tlx|gothica}}  via {{tlx|ULS|1|lang=|mode=}} lang= mode=
* {{tlx|Bl|Deutſch}}   {{Bl|Deutſch}}
* {{tlx|blackletter|Edelgebohren}} {{blackletter|Edelgebohren}}</text>
      <sha1>9io7l2ake3cvjo5wa2n7jzq1hi4pfhb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Noni Marcelli Compendiosa doctrina (v.2, ed. Lucianus Mueller, 1888).djvu/241</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>83612</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270780</id>
      <parentid>270757</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T13:23:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270780</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1055" sha1="ktsmxm3uee886mkv6kujdpj5y7gnqdx" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Saumache&quot; /&gt;{{rh|236|NONIVS MARCELLVS}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;poem&gt;lib. III ⁎ ⁎ ⁎ conmotus tamen ec tempore singula constituit et,
{{l|566.5|5}}sicut steterant, maniplos obverti iussit. — idem lib. IIII ⁎ ⁎ ⁎
{{gap|2em}}{{sc|materae}}, tela gravia Gallica. Sisenna Hist. lib. III: Gallei
materibus aut lanceis confligunt. — idem lib. IIII: Galli materibus
ac lanceis tamen medium perturbant agmen.
{{gap|2em}}{{sc|malleoli}}, manipuli spartei pice contecti, qui incensi aut in
muros aut in testudines iaciuntur. {{l|556.10|10}}Sisenna Hist. lib. IIII: de
quibus partim malleolos, partim fasces sarmentorum incensos supra
vallum frequentes.
{{gap|2em}}{{sc|catafractae}}&lt;sup&gt;&lt;small&gt;†&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. Sisenna Hist. lib. IIII: custodiae in muro
statuuntur catafractarum. — Sallustius Hist. lib. IIII: cui
{{l|556.15|15}}praegrediebantur equites cataphracti, ferrea omnis specie.
{{gap|2em}}{{sc|falces}} et {{sc|harpagae}}, armorum genera murorum obpugnationi
apta. Sisenna Hist. lib. IIII: falces iniectas conminuunt; pluteos
propius conlocatos harpagis deiciunt. 
&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ktsmxm3uee886mkv6kujdpj5y7gnqdx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Noni Marcelli Compendiosa doctrina (v.2, ed. Lucianus Mueller, 1888).djvu/240</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>83613</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270777</id>
      <parentid>270774</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T13:11:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270777</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1337" sha1="3pksdnjkzzeof6pn847mgd54eguw3yf" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Saumache&quot; /&gt;{{rh||DE GENERIBVS ARMORVM. XVIIII.|235}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;poem&gt;{{gap|2em}}et dictum hoc genus teli a {{spatium|falis}}, id est turribus ligneis.
{{l|555.20|20}}{{gap|2em}}{{sc|sparvm}}, telum agreste. Vergilius lib. XI:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|4em}}agrestisque manus armat sparus.}}
{{gap|2em}}Varro Meleagris:
&lt;div style=font-size:85%;line-height:125%&gt;{{gap|4em}}aut ílle, cervum qui volabileí cursu
{{gap|4em}}sparó secutus trágulave tráiecit.&lt;/div&gt;{{l|555.25|25}}{{gap|2em}}Sisenna Hist. lib. III: sparis ac lanceis eminus peterent hostis.
{{gap|2em}}{{sc|ballistae}}, ''tormenta'', quibus saxa maiora et gravia iaciuntur.
Lucilius lib. XXVIII:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|4em}}quid síc ballistas iáctas centenárias?}}
{{gap|2em}}Sisenna Hist. lib. IIII: ballistas talentarias quattuor.
{{l|555.30|30}}{{gap|2em}}{{sc|venabvlvm}}, venantium telum latius a ceteris, aciei longitudine
''praestans''. Vergilius lib. VIIII:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|11em}}supra venabula fertur.}}
{{gap|2em}}Varro {{graeca|''Ὄνος λύρας''}}: nempe sues silvaticos in montibus sectaris
venabulo aut cervos.
{{l|556.1}}{{gap|2em}}{{sc|conti}}, hastae longiores et robustae. Vergilius lib. VIIII:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|11em}}ac duris detrudere contis.}}
{{gap|2em}}{{sc|manipvli}}&lt;sup&gt;&lt;small&gt;†&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; sunt manus militum vel collecti viri. Sisenua Hist.&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3pksdnjkzzeof6pn847mgd54eguw3yf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usor:JimKillock/formae-incunabulares.js</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>83614</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270781</id>
      <parentid>270770</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T14:55:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270781</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="2049" sha1="8teupduq50bqtmg99dj1j9ib1b7gfc9" xml:space="preserve">/* &lt;nowiki&gt; global mw, $ */
&quot;use strict&quot;;

mw.loader.using(&quot;jquery&quot;, function () {
	$(function () {
		const title = mw.config.get(&quot;wgPageName&quot;);
		const rootPages = [
			&quot;De_Principe&quot;,
			&quot;Foenix&quot;,
			&quot;Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus)&quot;,
			&quot;Ars_Oratoria._Ars_Epistolandi._Ars_Memorativa._(Publicio)&quot;
		];

		const shouldRun = rootPages.some(function (root) {
			return title === root || title.startsWith(root + &quot;/&quot;);
		});

		if (!shouldRun) return;

		function visibleText(el) {
			const clone = el.cloneNode(true);
			clone.querySelectorAll('[style*=&quot;display:none&quot;]').forEach(function (hidden) {
				hidden.remove();
			});
			return clone.textContent.trim();
		}

		mw.hook(&quot;wikipage.content&quot;).add(function ($content) {
			const ligatureMap = {
				&quot;s&quot;: &quot;ſ&quot;,
				&quot;ss&quot;: &quot;ß&quot;,

				&quot;ae&quot;: &quot;æ&quot;,
				&quot;Ae&quot;: &quot;Æ&quot;,
				&quot;AE&quot;: &quot;Æ&quot;,
				&quot;oe&quot;: &quot;œ&quot;,
				&quot;OE&quot;: &quot;Œ&quot;,

				&quot;an&quot;: &quot;ã&quot;,
				&quot;am&quot;: &quot;ã&quot;,
				&quot;en&quot;: &quot;ẽ&quot;,
				&quot;em&quot;: &quot;ẽ&quot;,
				&quot;in&quot;: &quot;ĩ&quot;,
				&quot;im&quot;: &quot;ĩ&quot;,
				&quot;on&quot;: &quot;õ&quot;,
				&quot;om&quot;: &quot;õ&quot;,
				&quot;un&quot;: &quot;ũ&quot;,
				&quot;um&quot;: &quot;ũ&quot;,

				&quot;et&quot;: &quot;&amp;&quot;,
				&quot;is&quot;: &quot;ꝭ&quot;,
				&quot;es&quot;: &quot;ꝭ&quot;,
				&quot;con&quot;: &quot;ꝯ&quot;,
				&quot;com&quot;: &quot;ↄ̨&quot;,

				&quot;dominus&quot;: &quot;dñs&quot;,
				&quot;domini&quot;: &quot;dñi&quot;,
				&quot;domino&quot;: &quot;dño&quot;,
				&quot;ene&quot;: &quot;ñ&quot;,

				&quot;par&quot;: &quot;ꝑ&quot;,
				&quot;per&quot;: &quot;ꝑ&quot;,
				&quot;prae&quot;: &quot;p̄&quot;,
				&quot;pre&quot;: &quot;p̄&quot;,
				&quot;pro&quot;: &quot;ꝓ&quot;,

				&quot;quam&quot;: &quot;q̃ꝫ&quot;,
				&quot;que&quot;: &quot;qꝫ&quot;,
				&quot;Que&quot;: &quot;Qꝫ&quot;,
				&quot;qui&quot;: &quot;ꝗ&quot;,
				&quot;quo&quot;: &quot;qͦ&quot;,
				&quot;quod&quot;: &quot;q̃&quot;,
				&quot;quid&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,
				&quot;quoniam&quot;: &quot;q̃&quot;,
				&quot;quando&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,
				&quot;quomodo&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,

				&quot;rum&quot;: &quot;ꝶ&quot;,
				&quot;ter&quot;: &quot;ť&quot;,
				&quot;tur&quot;: &quot;ť&quot;,
				&quot;us&quot;: &quot;ꝰ&quot;,
				&quot;ver&quot;: &quot;ꝟ&quot;,
				&quot;vir&quot;: &quot;ꝟ&quot;,
				&quot;vel&quot;: &quot;vl̓&quot;,

				&quot;apud&quot;: &quot;apd̓&quot;,
				&quot;autem&quot;: &quot;aũt&quot;,
				&quot;communis&quot;: &quot;cõi&quot;,
				&quot;enim&quot;: &quot;em̃&quot;
			};

			$content.find(&quot;span.typographic-long-s&quot;).each(function () {
				const original = visibleText(this);
				const replacement = ligatureMap[original];
				if (replacement) {
					this.textContent = replacement;
				}
			});

			$content.find(&quot;span.typographic-po&quot;).each(function () {
				this.textContent = &quot;⹌&quot;;
			});
		});
	});
});
/* &lt;/nowiki&gt; */</text>
      <sha1>8teupduq50bqtmg99dj1j9ib1b7gfc9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270792</id>
      <parentid>270781</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T15:29:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270792</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="2265" sha1="q49tfj1eypf4ekqxyo2s79h4vmtm6rd" xml:space="preserve">/* &lt;nowiki&gt; global mw, $ */
&quot;use strict&quot;;

mw.loader.using(&quot;jquery&quot;, function () {
	$(function () {
		const title = mw.config.get(&quot;wgPageName&quot;);
		const rootPages = [
			&quot;De_Principe&quot;,
			&quot;Foenix&quot;,
			&quot;Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus)&quot;,
			&quot;Ars_Oratoria._Ars_Epistolandi._Ars_Memorativa._(Publicio)&quot;
		];

		const shouldRun = rootPages.some(function (root) {
			return title === root || title.startsWith(root + &quot;/&quot;);
		});

		if (!shouldRun) {
			return;
		}

		function visibleText(el) {
			const clone = el.cloneNode(true);

			clone.querySelectorAll('[style*=&quot;display:none&quot;]').forEach(function (hidden) {
				hidden.remove();
			});

			return clone.textContent.trim();
		}

		const ligatureMap = {
			&quot;s&quot;: &quot;ſ&quot;,
			&quot;ss&quot;: &quot;ß&quot;,

			&quot;ae&quot;: &quot;æ&quot;,
			&quot;Ae&quot;: &quot;Æ&quot;,
			&quot;AE&quot;: &quot;Æ&quot;,
			&quot;oe&quot;: &quot;œ&quot;,
			&quot;OE&quot;: &quot;Œ&quot;,

			&quot;an&quot;: &quot;ã&quot;,
			&quot;am&quot;: &quot;ã&quot;,
			&quot;en&quot;: &quot;ẽ&quot;,
			&quot;em&quot;: &quot;ẽ&quot;,
			&quot;in&quot;: &quot;ĩ&quot;,
			&quot;im&quot;: &quot;ĩ&quot;,
			&quot;on&quot;: &quot;õ&quot;,
			&quot;om&quot;: &quot;õ&quot;,
			&quot;un&quot;: &quot;ũ&quot;,
			&quot;um&quot;: &quot;ũ&quot;,

			&quot;et&quot;: &quot;&amp;&quot;,
			&quot;is&quot;: &quot;ꝭ&quot;,
			&quot;es&quot;: &quot;ꝭ&quot;,
			&quot;con&quot;: &quot;ꝯ&quot;,
			&quot;com&quot;: &quot;ↄ̨&quot;,

			&quot;dominus&quot;: &quot;dñs&quot;,
			&quot;domini&quot;: &quot;dñi&quot;,
			&quot;domino&quot;: &quot;dño&quot;,
			&quot;ene&quot;: &quot;ñ&quot;,

			&quot;par&quot;: &quot;ꝑ&quot;,
			&quot;per&quot;: &quot;ꝑ&quot;,
			&quot;prae&quot;: &quot;p̄&quot;,
			&quot;pre&quot;: &quot;p̄&quot;,
			&quot;pro&quot;: &quot;ꝓ&quot;,

			&quot;quam&quot;: &quot;q̃ꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;que&quot;: &quot;qꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;Que&quot;: &quot;Qꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;qui&quot;: &quot;ꝗ&quot;,
			&quot;quo&quot;: &quot;qͦ&quot;,
			&quot;quod&quot;: &quot;q̃&quot;,
			&quot;quid&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,
			&quot;quoniam&quot;: &quot;q̃&quot;,
			&quot;quando&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,
			&quot;quomodo&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,

			&quot;rum&quot;: &quot;ꝶ&quot;,
			&quot;ter&quot;: &quot;ť&quot;,
			&quot;tur&quot;: &quot;ť&quot;,
			&quot;us&quot;: &quot;ꝰ&quot;,
			&quot;ver&quot;: &quot;ꝟ&quot;,
			&quot;vir&quot;: &quot;ꝟ&quot;,
			&quot;vel&quot;: &quot;vl̓&quot;,

			&quot;apud&quot;: &quot;apd̓&quot;,
			&quot;autem&quot;: &quot;aũt&quot;,
			&quot;communis&quot;: &quot;cõi&quot;,
			&quot;enim&quot;: &quot;em̃&quot;
		};

		function replacementFor(el) {
			if (el.hasAttribute(&quot;data-original-form&quot;)) {
				return el.getAttribute(&quot;data-original-form&quot;);
			}

			return ligatureMap[visibleText(el)];
		}

		mw.hook(&quot;wikipage.content&quot;).add(function ($content) {
			$content.find(&quot;span.typographic-long-s, span.typographic-po&quot;).each(function () {
				const replacement = replacementFor(this);

				/*
				 * Important: check for undefined, not truthiness.
				 * Some templates, such as Formula:~, intentionally restore
				 * an empty string in original-form view.
				 */
				if (replacement !== undefined) {
					this.textContent = replacement;
				}
			});
		});
	});
});
/* &lt;/nowiki&gt; */</text>
      <sha1>q49tfj1eypf4ekqxyo2s79h4vmtm6rd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270794</id>
      <parentid>270792</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T15:32:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270794</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="2251" sha1="70w5ngi8skkil293yhdav76a4ia7hxa" xml:space="preserve">/* &lt;nowiki&gt; global mw, $ */
&quot;use strict&quot;;

mw.loader.using(&quot;jquery&quot;, function () {
	$(function () {
		const title = mw.config.get(&quot;wgPageName&quot;);
		const rootPages = [
			&quot;De_Principe&quot;,
			&quot;Foenix&quot;,
			&quot;Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus)&quot;,
			&quot;Ars_Oratoria._Ars_Epistolandi._Ars_Memorativa._(Publicio)&quot;
		];

		const shouldRun = rootPages.some(function (root) {
			return title === root || title.startsWith(root + &quot;/&quot;);
		});

		if (!shouldRun) {
			return;
		}

		function visibleText(el) {
			const clone = el.cloneNode(true);

			clone.querySelectorAll('[style*=&quot;display:none&quot;]').forEach(function (hidden) {
				hidden.remove();
			});

			return clone.textContent.trim();
		}

		const ligatureMap = {
			&quot;ss&quot;: &quot;ß&quot;,

			&quot;ae&quot;: &quot;æ&quot;,
			&quot;Ae&quot;: &quot;Æ&quot;,
			&quot;AE&quot;: &quot;Æ&quot;,
			&quot;oe&quot;: &quot;œ&quot;,
			&quot;OE&quot;: &quot;Œ&quot;,

			&quot;an&quot;: &quot;ã&quot;,
			&quot;am&quot;: &quot;ã&quot;,
			&quot;en&quot;: &quot;ẽ&quot;,
			&quot;em&quot;: &quot;ẽ&quot;,
			&quot;in&quot;: &quot;ĩ&quot;,
			&quot;im&quot;: &quot;ĩ&quot;,
			&quot;on&quot;: &quot;õ&quot;,
			&quot;om&quot;: &quot;õ&quot;,
			&quot;un&quot;: &quot;ũ&quot;,
			&quot;um&quot;: &quot;ũ&quot;,

			&quot;et&quot;: &quot;&amp;&quot;,
			&quot;is&quot;: &quot;ꝭ&quot;,
			&quot;es&quot;: &quot;ꝭ&quot;,
			&quot;con&quot;: &quot;ꝯ&quot;,
			&quot;com&quot;: &quot;ↄ̨&quot;,

			&quot;dominus&quot;: &quot;dñs&quot;,
			&quot;domini&quot;: &quot;dñi&quot;,
			&quot;domino&quot;: &quot;dño&quot;,
			&quot;ene&quot;: &quot;ñ&quot;,

			&quot;par&quot;: &quot;ꝑ&quot;,
			&quot;per&quot;: &quot;ꝑ&quot;,
			&quot;prae&quot;: &quot;p̄&quot;,
			&quot;pre&quot;: &quot;p̄&quot;,
			&quot;pro&quot;: &quot;ꝓ&quot;,

			&quot;quam&quot;: &quot;q̃ꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;que&quot;: &quot;qꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;Que&quot;: &quot;Qꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;qui&quot;: &quot;ꝗ&quot;,
			&quot;quo&quot;: &quot;qͦ&quot;,
			&quot;quod&quot;: &quot;q̃&quot;,
			&quot;quid&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,
			&quot;quoniam&quot;: &quot;q̃&quot;,
			&quot;quando&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,
			&quot;quomodo&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,

			&quot;rum&quot;: &quot;ꝶ&quot;,
			&quot;ter&quot;: &quot;ť&quot;,
			&quot;tur&quot;: &quot;ť&quot;,
			&quot;us&quot;: &quot;ꝰ&quot;,
			&quot;ver&quot;: &quot;ꝟ&quot;,
			&quot;vir&quot;: &quot;ꝟ&quot;,
			&quot;vel&quot;: &quot;vl̓&quot;,

			&quot;apud&quot;: &quot;apd̓&quot;,
			&quot;autem&quot;: &quot;aũt&quot;,
			&quot;communis&quot;: &quot;cõi&quot;,
			&quot;enim&quot;: &quot;em̃&quot;
		};

		function replacementFor(el) {
			if (el.hasAttribute(&quot;data-original-form&quot;)) {
				return el.getAttribute(&quot;data-original-form&quot;);
			}

			return ligatureMap[visibleText(el)];
		}

		mw.hook(&quot;wikipage.content&quot;).add(function ($content) {
			$content.find(&quot;span.typographic-long-s, span.typographic-po&quot;).each(function () {
				const replacement = replacementFor(this);

				/*
				 * Important: check for undefined, not truthiness.
				 * Some templates, such as Formula:~, intentionally restore
				 * an empty string in original-form view.
				 */
				if (replacement !== undefined) {
					this.textContent = replacement;
				}
			});
		});
	});
});
/* &lt;/nowiki&gt; */</text>
      <sha1>70w5ngi8skkil293yhdav76a4ia7hxa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270796</id>
      <parentid>270794</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T15:35:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270796</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="2235" sha1="djk6t19bjx4ffntsibi4njyg27c3ewm" xml:space="preserve">/* &lt;nowiki&gt; global mw, $ */
&quot;use strict&quot;;

mw.loader.using(&quot;jquery&quot;, function () {
	$(function () {
		const title = mw.config.get(&quot;wgPageName&quot;);
		const rootPages = [
			&quot;De_Principe&quot;,
			&quot;Foenix&quot;,
			&quot;Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus)&quot;,
			&quot;Ars_Oratoria._Ars_Epistolandi._Ars_Memorativa._(Publicio)&quot;
		];

		const shouldRun = rootPages.some(function (root) {
			return title === root || title.startsWith(root + &quot;/&quot;);
		});

		if (!shouldRun) {
			return;
		}

		function visibleText(el) {
			const clone = el.cloneNode(true);

			clone.querySelectorAll('[style*=&quot;display:none&quot;]').forEach(function (hidden) {
				hidden.remove();
			});

			return clone.textContent.trim();
		}

		const ligatureMap = {
			&quot;ae&quot;: &quot;æ&quot;,
			&quot;Ae&quot;: &quot;Æ&quot;,
			&quot;AE&quot;: &quot;Æ&quot;,
			&quot;oe&quot;: &quot;œ&quot;,
			&quot;OE&quot;: &quot;Œ&quot;,

			&quot;an&quot;: &quot;ã&quot;,
			&quot;am&quot;: &quot;ã&quot;,
			&quot;en&quot;: &quot;ẽ&quot;,
			&quot;em&quot;: &quot;ẽ&quot;,
			&quot;in&quot;: &quot;ĩ&quot;,
			&quot;im&quot;: &quot;ĩ&quot;,
			&quot;on&quot;: &quot;õ&quot;,
			&quot;om&quot;: &quot;õ&quot;,
			&quot;un&quot;: &quot;ũ&quot;,
			&quot;um&quot;: &quot;ũ&quot;,

			&quot;et&quot;: &quot;&amp;&quot;,
			&quot;is&quot;: &quot;ꝭ&quot;,
			&quot;es&quot;: &quot;ꝭ&quot;,
			&quot;con&quot;: &quot;ꝯ&quot;,
			&quot;com&quot;: &quot;ↄ̨&quot;,

			&quot;dominus&quot;: &quot;dñs&quot;,
			&quot;domini&quot;: &quot;dñi&quot;,
			&quot;domino&quot;: &quot;dño&quot;,
			&quot;ene&quot;: &quot;ñ&quot;,

			&quot;par&quot;: &quot;ꝑ&quot;,
			&quot;per&quot;: &quot;ꝑ&quot;,
			&quot;prae&quot;: &quot;p̄&quot;,
			&quot;pre&quot;: &quot;p̄&quot;,
			&quot;pro&quot;: &quot;ꝓ&quot;,

			&quot;quam&quot;: &quot;q̃ꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;que&quot;: &quot;qꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;Que&quot;: &quot;Qꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;qui&quot;: &quot;ꝗ&quot;,
			&quot;quo&quot;: &quot;qͦ&quot;,
			&quot;quod&quot;: &quot;q̃&quot;,
			&quot;quid&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,
			&quot;quoniam&quot;: &quot;q̃&quot;,
			&quot;quando&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,
			&quot;quomodo&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,

			&quot;rum&quot;: &quot;ꝶ&quot;,
			&quot;ter&quot;: &quot;ť&quot;,
			&quot;tur&quot;: &quot;ť&quot;,
			&quot;us&quot;: &quot;ꝰ&quot;,
			&quot;ver&quot;: &quot;ꝟ&quot;,
			&quot;vir&quot;: &quot;ꝟ&quot;,
			&quot;vel&quot;: &quot;vl̓&quot;,

			&quot;apud&quot;: &quot;apd̓&quot;,
			&quot;autem&quot;: &quot;aũt&quot;,
			&quot;communis&quot;: &quot;cõi&quot;,
			&quot;enim&quot;: &quot;em̃&quot;
		};

		function replacementFor(el) {
			if (el.hasAttribute(&quot;data-original-form&quot;)) {
				return el.getAttribute(&quot;data-original-form&quot;);
			}

			return ligatureMap[visibleText(el)];
		}

		mw.hook(&quot;wikipage.content&quot;).add(function ($content) {
			$content.find(&quot;span.typographic-long-s, span.typographic-po&quot;).each(function () {
				const replacement = replacementFor(this);

				/*
				 * Important: check for undefined, not truthiness.
				 * Some templates, such as Formula:~, intentionally restore
				 * an empty string in original-form view.
				 */
				if (replacement !== undefined) {
					this.textContent = replacement;
				}
			});
		});
	});
});
/* &lt;/nowiki&gt; */</text>
      <sha1>djk6t19bjx4ffntsibi4njyg27c3ewm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270803</id>
      <parentid>270796</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T15:40:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270803</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="2170" sha1="g2cp79djjdhlvi5grsgos3cdl468z9r" xml:space="preserve">/* &lt;nowiki&gt; global mw, $ */
&quot;use strict&quot;;

mw.loader.using(&quot;jquery&quot;, function () {
	$(function () {
		const title = mw.config.get(&quot;wgPageName&quot;);
		const rootPages = [
			&quot;De_Principe&quot;,
			&quot;Foenix&quot;,
			&quot;Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus)&quot;,
			&quot;Ars_Oratoria._Ars_Epistolandi._Ars_Memorativa._(Publicio)&quot;
		];

		const shouldRun = rootPages.some(function (root) {
			return title === root || title.startsWith(root + &quot;/&quot;);
		});

		if (!shouldRun) {
			return;
		}

		function visibleText(el) {
			const clone = el.cloneNode(true);

			clone.querySelectorAll('[style*=&quot;display:none&quot;]').forEach(function (hidden) {
				hidden.remove();
			});

			return clone.textContent.trim();
		}

		const ligatureMap = {
			&quot;oe&quot;: &quot;œ&quot;,
			&quot;OE&quot;: &quot;Œ&quot;,

			&quot;an&quot;: &quot;ã&quot;,
			&quot;am&quot;: &quot;ã&quot;,
			&quot;en&quot;: &quot;ẽ&quot;,
			&quot;em&quot;: &quot;ẽ&quot;,
			&quot;in&quot;: &quot;ĩ&quot;,
			&quot;im&quot;: &quot;ĩ&quot;,
			&quot;on&quot;: &quot;õ&quot;,
			&quot;om&quot;: &quot;õ&quot;,
			&quot;un&quot;: &quot;ũ&quot;,
			&quot;um&quot;: &quot;ũ&quot;,

			&quot;et&quot;: &quot;&amp;&quot;,
			&quot;is&quot;: &quot;ꝭ&quot;,
			&quot;es&quot;: &quot;ꝭ&quot;,
			&quot;con&quot;: &quot;ꝯ&quot;,
			&quot;com&quot;: &quot;ↄ̨&quot;,

			&quot;dominus&quot;: &quot;dñs&quot;,
			&quot;domini&quot;: &quot;dñi&quot;,
			&quot;domino&quot;: &quot;dño&quot;,
			&quot;ene&quot;: &quot;ñ&quot;,

			&quot;par&quot;: &quot;ꝑ&quot;,
			&quot;per&quot;: &quot;ꝑ&quot;,
			&quot;prae&quot;: &quot;p̄&quot;,
			&quot;pre&quot;: &quot;p̄&quot;,
			&quot;pro&quot;: &quot;ꝓ&quot;,

			&quot;quam&quot;: &quot;q̃ꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;que&quot;: &quot;qꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;Que&quot;: &quot;Qꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;qui&quot;: &quot;ꝗ&quot;,
			&quot;quo&quot;: &quot;qͦ&quot;,
			&quot;quod&quot;: &quot;q̃&quot;,
			&quot;quid&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,
			&quot;quoniam&quot;: &quot;q̃&quot;,
			&quot;quando&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,
			&quot;quomodo&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,

			&quot;rum&quot;: &quot;ꝶ&quot;,
			&quot;ter&quot;: &quot;ť&quot;,
			&quot;tur&quot;: &quot;ť&quot;,
			&quot;us&quot;: &quot;ꝰ&quot;,
			&quot;ver&quot;: &quot;ꝟ&quot;,
			&quot;vir&quot;: &quot;ꝟ&quot;,
			&quot;vel&quot;: &quot;vl̓&quot;,

			&quot;autem&quot;: &quot;aũt&quot;,
			&quot;communis&quot;: &quot;cõi&quot;,
			&quot;enim&quot;: &quot;em̃&quot;
		};

		function replacementFor(el) {
			if (el.hasAttribute(&quot;data-original-form&quot;)) {
				return el.getAttribute(&quot;data-original-form&quot;);
			}

			return ligatureMap[visibleText(el)];
		}

		mw.hook(&quot;wikipage.content&quot;).add(function ($content) {
			$content.find(&quot;span.typographic-long-s, span.typographic-po&quot;).each(function () {
				const replacement = replacementFor(this);

				/*
				 * Important: check for undefined, not truthiness.
				 * Some templates, such as Formula:~, intentionally restore
				 * an empty string in original-form view.
				 */
				if (replacement !== undefined) {
					this.textContent = replacement;
				}
			});
		});
	});
});
/* &lt;/nowiki&gt; */</text>
      <sha1>g2cp79djjdhlvi5grsgos3cdl468z9r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270806</id>
      <parentid>270803</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T15:45:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270806</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="2155" sha1="fjzhw5a0gv7daf80argc4jzo6fskwk6" xml:space="preserve">/* &lt;nowiki&gt; global mw, $ */
&quot;use strict&quot;;

mw.loader.using(&quot;jquery&quot;, function () {
	$(function () {
		const title = mw.config.get(&quot;wgPageName&quot;);
		const rootPages = [
			&quot;De_Principe&quot;,
			&quot;Foenix&quot;,
			&quot;Ars_Memorativa_(Leporeus)&quot;,
			&quot;Ars_Oratoria._Ars_Epistolandi._Ars_Memorativa._(Publicio)&quot;
		];

		const shouldRun = rootPages.some(function (root) {
			return title === root || title.startsWith(root + &quot;/&quot;);
		});

		if (!shouldRun) {
			return;
		}

		function visibleText(el) {
			const clone = el.cloneNode(true);

			clone.querySelectorAll('[style*=&quot;display:none&quot;]').forEach(function (hidden) {
				hidden.remove();
			});

			return clone.textContent.trim();
		}

		const ligatureMap = {
			&quot;oe&quot;: &quot;œ&quot;,
			&quot;OE&quot;: &quot;Œ&quot;,

			&quot;am&quot;: &quot;ã&quot;,
			&quot;en&quot;: &quot;ẽ&quot;,
			&quot;em&quot;: &quot;ẽ&quot;,
			&quot;in&quot;: &quot;ĩ&quot;,
			&quot;im&quot;: &quot;ĩ&quot;,
			&quot;on&quot;: &quot;õ&quot;,
			&quot;om&quot;: &quot;õ&quot;,
			&quot;un&quot;: &quot;ũ&quot;,
			&quot;um&quot;: &quot;ũ&quot;,

			&quot;et&quot;: &quot;&amp;&quot;,
			&quot;is&quot;: &quot;ꝭ&quot;,
			&quot;es&quot;: &quot;ꝭ&quot;,
			&quot;con&quot;: &quot;ꝯ&quot;,
			&quot;com&quot;: &quot;ↄ̨&quot;,

			&quot;dominus&quot;: &quot;dñs&quot;,
			&quot;domini&quot;: &quot;dñi&quot;,
			&quot;domino&quot;: &quot;dño&quot;,
			&quot;ene&quot;: &quot;ñ&quot;,

			&quot;par&quot;: &quot;ꝑ&quot;,
			&quot;per&quot;: &quot;ꝑ&quot;,
			&quot;prae&quot;: &quot;p̄&quot;,
			&quot;pre&quot;: &quot;p̄&quot;,
			&quot;pro&quot;: &quot;ꝓ&quot;,

			&quot;quam&quot;: &quot;q̃ꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;que&quot;: &quot;qꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;Que&quot;: &quot;Qꝫ&quot;,
			&quot;qui&quot;: &quot;ꝗ&quot;,
			&quot;quo&quot;: &quot;qͦ&quot;,
			&quot;quod&quot;: &quot;q̃&quot;,
			&quot;quid&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,
			&quot;quoniam&quot;: &quot;q̃&quot;,
			&quot;quando&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,
			&quot;quomodo&quot;: &quot;q̄&quot;,

			&quot;rum&quot;: &quot;ꝶ&quot;,
			&quot;ter&quot;: &quot;ť&quot;,
			&quot;tur&quot;: &quot;ť&quot;,
			&quot;us&quot;: &quot;ꝰ&quot;,
			&quot;ver&quot;: &quot;ꝟ&quot;,
			&quot;vir&quot;: &quot;ꝟ&quot;,
			&quot;vel&quot;: &quot;vl̓&quot;,

			&quot;autem&quot;: &quot;aũt&quot;,
			&quot;communis&quot;: &quot;cõi&quot;,
			&quot;enim&quot;: &quot;em̃&quot;
		};

		function replacementFor(el) {
			if (el.hasAttribute(&quot;data-original-form&quot;)) {
				return el.getAttribute(&quot;data-original-form&quot;);
			}

			return ligatureMap[visibleText(el)];
		}

		mw.hook(&quot;wikipage.content&quot;).add(function ($content) {
			$content.find(&quot;span.typographic-long-s, span.typographic-po&quot;).each(function () {
				const replacement = replacementFor(this);

				/*
				 * Important: check for undefined, not truthiness.
				 * Some templates, such as Formula:~, intentionally restore
				 * an empty string in original-form view.
				 */
				if (replacement !== undefined) {
					this.textContent = replacement;
				}
			});
		});
	});
});
/* &lt;/nowiki&gt; */</text>
      <sha1>fjzhw5a0gv7daf80argc4jzo6fskwk6</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>270910</id>
      <parentid>270806</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T18:00:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270910</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="387" sha1="mehwrkyg1kdpl9drtz7nfn3wwkdjzti" xml:space="preserve">/* &lt;nowiki&gt; global mw, $ */
&quot;use strict&quot;;

mw.loader.using(&quot;jquery&quot;, function () {
	$(function () {
		if (mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceNumber&quot;) !== 0) {
			return;
		}

		mw.hook(&quot;wikipage.content&quot;).add(function ($content) {
			$content.find(&quot;span[data-original-form]&quot;).each(function () {
				this.textContent = this.getAttribute(&quot;data-original-form&quot;);
			});
		});
	});
});
/* &lt;/nowiki&gt; */</text>
      <sha1>mehwrkyg1kdpl9drtz7nfn3wwkdjzti</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>270953</id>
      <parentid>270910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T23:47:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270953</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="642" sha1="5rfdaa4ovan038uphi46p9j4alvfwzh" xml:space="preserve">/* &lt;nowiki&gt; global mw, $ */
&quot;use strict&quot;;

mw.loader.using(&quot;jquery&quot;, function () {
	$(function () {
		if (mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceNumber&quot;) !== 0) {
			return;
		}

		mw.hook(&quot;wikipage.content&quot;).add(function ($content) {
			/* Existing simple templates */
			$content.find(&quot;span[data-original-form]&quot;).each(function () {
				this.textContent = this.getAttribute(&quot;data-original-form&quot;);
			});

			/* New complex templates such as {{scr}} */
			$content.find(&quot;.orthography-switch&quot;).each(function () {
				$(this).children(&quot;.orthography-original&quot;).show();
				$(this).children(&quot;.orthography-normal&quot;).hide();
			});
		});
	});
});
/* &lt;/nowiki&gt; */</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Noni Marcelli Compendiosa doctrina (v.2, ed. Lucianus Mueller, 1888).djvu/234</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>83615</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270775</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T12:33:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Emendata */</comment>
      <origin>270775</origin>
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      <text bytes="916" sha1="91sybd8i9zkss2266u68p5h4x6wg5l9" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Saumache&quot; /&gt;{{rh||DE GENERIBVS ARMORVM. XVIIII.|229}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;poem&gt;{{font-size|85%|{{gap|2em}}quom prócul aspexit ''órantem intro'' inmittier, 
{{gap|2em}}volucris revortit, quási quom catapulta évolat.}}
Plautus in Captivis:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|2em}}nám meus est ballísta pugnus; cúbitus catapultást mihi.}} 
{{l|552.15|15}}Pacuvius Paulo:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|2em}}ut sóle oreasit aéthra, castra crébro catapulta ínpulit.}}
Lucilius Satyrarum lib. V:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|2em}}custodem classis catapultas, tela, sarcisas.}}
Sisenna Hist. lib. III: praeterea catapultas sedecim, quattuor
{{l|552.20|20}}ballistas, viginti plaustra scorpiis ac minoribus sagittis honusta.
— Varro de vita populi Romani lib. III: nam postea C. Lutatio
consuli ad Aegatis insulas, cum ipse catapulta ictus esset.
{{gap|2em}}{{sc|velites}}, levis armatura. Titinius Barbato:&lt;/poem&gt;
{{c|{{font-size|130%|⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>91sybd8i9zkss2266u68p5h4x6wg5l9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270776</id>
      <parentid>270775</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T12:53:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270776</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="958" sha1="ski9z4y9dunz6sdj6gbhu20au3xq2hn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Saumache&quot; /&gt;{{rh||DE GENERIBVS ARMORVM. XVIIII.|229}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;poem&gt;{{fbloc|align=inherit|style=font-size:85%;line-height:125%|{{gap|2em}}quom prócul aspexit ''órantem intro'' inmittier, 
{{gap|2em}}volucris revortit, quási quom catapulta évolat.}}Plautus in Captivis:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|2em}}nám meus est ballísta pugnus; cúbitus catapultást mihi.}} 
{{l|552.15|15}}Pacuvius Paulo:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|2em}}ut sóle oreasit aéthra, castra crébro catapulta ínpulit.}}
Lucilius Satyrarum lib. V:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|2em}}custodem classis catapultas, tela, sarcisas.}}
Sisenna Hist. lib. III: praeterea catapultas sedecim, quattuor
{{l|552.20|20}}ballistas, viginti plaustra scorpiis ac minoribus sagittis honusta.
— Varro de vita populi Romani lib. III: nam postea C. Lutatio
consuli ad Aegatis insulas, cum ipse catapulta ictus esset.
{{gap|2em}}{{sc|velites}}, levis armatura. Titinius Barbato:&lt;/poem&gt;
{{c|{{font-size|130%|⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ski9z4y9dunz6sdj6gbhu20au3xq2hn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270778</id>
      <parentid>270776</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T13:12:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270778</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="945" sha1="85i8xpluvylgaeclxarsbw9nupf0t89" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Saumache&quot; /&gt;{{rh||DE GENERIBVS ARMORVM. XVIIII.|229}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;poem&gt;&lt;div style=font-size:85%;line-height:125%&gt;{{gap|2em}}quom prócul aspexit ''órantem intro'' inmittier, 
{{gap|2em}}volucris revortit, quási quom catapulta évolat.&lt;/div&gt;Plautus in Captivis:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|2em}}nám meus est ballísta pugnus; cúbitus catapultást mihi.}} 
{{l|552.15|15}}Pacuvius Paulo:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|2em}}ut sóle oreasit aéthra, castra crébro catapulta ínpulit.}}
Lucilius Satyrarum lib. V:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|2em}}custodem classis catapultas, tela, sarcisas.}}
Sisenna Hist. lib. III: praeterea catapultas sedecim, quattuor
{{l|552.20|20}}ballistas, viginti plaustra scorpiis ac minoribus sagittis honusta.
— Varro de vita populi Romani lib. III: nam postea C. Lutatio
consuli ad Aegatis insulas, cum ipse catapulta ictus esset.
{{gap|2em}}{{sc|velites}}, levis armatura. Titinius Barbato:&lt;/poem&gt;
{{c|{{font-size|130%|⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>85i8xpluvylgaeclxarsbw9nupf0t89</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270779</id>
      <parentid>270778</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T13:14:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270779</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="989" sha1="l83w9b3vihtaghfhh3j097j418l7bju" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Saumache&quot; /&gt;{{rh||DE GENERIBVS ARMORVM. XVIIII.|229}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;poem&gt;&lt;div style=font-size:85%;line-height:125%&gt;{{gap|4em}}quom prócul aspexit ''órantem intro'' inmittier, 
{{gap|4em}}volucris revortit, quási quom catapulta évolat.&lt;/div&gt;{{gap|2em}}Plautus in Captivis:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|4em}}nám meus est ballísta pugnus; cúbitus catapultást mihi.}} 
{{l|552.15|15}}{{gap|2em}}Pacuvius Paulo:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|4em}}ut sóle oreasit aéthra, castra crébro catapulta ínpulit.}}
{{gap|2em}}Lucilius Satyrarum lib. V:
{{font-size|85%|{{gap|4em}}custodem classis catapultas, tela, sarcisas.}}
{{gap|2em}}Sisenna Hist. lib. III: praeterea catapultas sedecim, quattuor
{{l|552.20|20}}ballistas, viginti plaustra scorpiis ac minoribus sagittis honusta.
— Varro de vita populi Romani lib. III: nam postea C. Lutatio
consuli ad Aegatis insulas, cum ipse catapulta ictus esset.
{{gap|2em}}{{sc|velites}}, levis armatura. Titinius Barbato:&lt;/poem&gt;
{{c|{{font-size|130%|⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎{{gap|2em}}⁎}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Err/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>83616</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270825</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T16:27:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens 'This template records but does not display errors on the original page, such as spellings, reversed or upside down letters, etc'</comment>
      <origin>270825</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="127" sha1="1jvywmqcuzxzt8m2p7g3xu8y06uisrk" xml:space="preserve">This template records but does not display errors on the original page, such as spellings, reversed or upside down letters, etc</text>
      <sha1>1jvywmqcuzxzt8m2p7g3xu8y06uisrk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270826</id>
      <parentid>270825</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T16:27:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270826</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="324" sha1="i4qo7nhwfruquhtsxxnfbcwzfjth535" xml:space="preserve">Haec formula errores vel proprietates insolitas exemplaris originalis annotat, sed non in textu ostendit, ut orthographias vitiosas, litteras inversas, supinas, aut alias anomalias typographicas.

This template records but does not display errors on the original page, such as spellings, reversed or upside down letters, etc</text>
      <sha1>i4qo7nhwfruquhtsxxnfbcwzfjth535</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Rum/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>83617</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270866</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:27:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens 'Haec formula abbreviationem rum exhibet, cuius forma in codicibus et incunabulis variat. Parametrum accipit ad diversas formas characteris (Ꝝ, ꝝ, ꝶ) repraesentandas.  This template displays the abbreviation for rum, whose form varies in manuscripts and incunabula. It accepts a parameter to represent different forms of the abbreviation character (Ꝝ, ꝝ, ꝶ).'</comment>
      <origin>270866</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="369" sha1="omxhrm90zso16um2cqsp8zip3ptlc5e" xml:space="preserve">Haec formula abbreviationem rum exhibet, cuius forma in codicibus et incunabulis variat. Parametrum accipit ad diversas formas characteris (Ꝝ, ꝝ, ꝶ) repraesentandas.

This template displays the abbreviation for rum, whose form varies in manuscripts and incunabula. It accepts a parameter to represent different forms of the abbreviation character (Ꝝ, ꝝ, ꝶ).</text>
      <sha1>omxhrm90zso16um2cqsp8zip3ptlc5e</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>270867</id>
      <parentid>270866</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:29:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270867</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="686" sha1="1vg0db7zakrg5waol3e1dp0d4cyohdm" xml:space="preserve">Haec formula abbreviationem rum exhibet, quae in codicibus et incunabulis variis formis invenitur. Adhibeatur ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝶ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, vel cum parametro ad formam certam eligendam, ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, aut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

This template displays the abbreviation for rum, which occurs in several forms in manuscripts and incunabula. Use it as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝶ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, or with a parameter to select a specific form, such as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, or &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.</text>
      <sha1>1vg0db7zakrg5waol3e1dp0d4cyohdm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270868</id>
      <parentid>270867</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:30:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270868</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1012" sha1="e2moc426tdg36uefl9rhmux5qs87r0d" xml:space="preserve">Haec formula abbreviationem ''rum'' exhibet, quae in codicibus et incunabulis variis formis invenitur. Adhibeatur ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝶ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, vel cum parametro ad formam certam eligendam, ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, aut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

This template displays the abbreviation for ''rum'', which occurs in several forms in manuscripts and incunabula. Use it as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝶ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, or with a parameter to select a specific form, such as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, or &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Formula
! Resultatum
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝶ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{ꝶ}}
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|s}}
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|c}}
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|sc}}
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|scs}}
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|csc}}
|}</text>
      <sha1>e2moc426tdg36uefl9rhmux5qs87r0d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270870</id>
      <parentid>270868</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:30:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270870</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1012" sha1="crf4l97wxzh0by61aykkpmelg4k8ojp" xml:space="preserve">Haec formula abbreviationem ''rum'' exhibet, quae in codicibus et incunabulis variis formis invenitur. Adhibeatur ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝶ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, vel cum parametro ad formam certam eligendam, ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, aut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

This template displays the abbreviation for ''rum'', which occurs in several forms in manuscripts and incunabula. Use it as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝶ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, or with a parameter to select a specific form, such as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, or &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Formula
! Resultatum
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum}}
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|s}}
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|c}}
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|sc}}
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|scs}}
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|csc}}
|}</text>
      <sha1>crf4l97wxzh0by61aykkpmelg4k8ojp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270871</id>
      <parentid>270870</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:32:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270871</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1254" sha1="7toqclrdi8ffrchfpogda94ejykwkrl" xml:space="preserve">Haec formula abbreviationem ''rum'' exhibet, quae in codicibus et incunabulis variis formis invenitur. Adhibeatur ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝶ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, vel cum parametro ad formam certam eligendam, ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, aut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

This template displays the abbreviation for ''rum'', which occurs in several forms in manuscripts and incunabula. Use it as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ꝶ}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, or with a parameter to select a specific form, such as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, or &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Formula
! In spatio principali
! In spatio ''Pagina''
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum}}
| ꝶ
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|s}}
| ꝝ
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|c}}
| Ꝝ
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|sc}}
| ꝶ
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|scs}}
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: small-caps; line-height:1; vertical-align:baseline;&quot;&gt;ꝝ&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|csc}}
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: small-caps; line-height:1; vertical-align:baseline;&quot;&gt;Ꝝ&lt;/span&gt;
|}</text>
      <sha1>7toqclrdi8ffrchfpogda94ejykwkrl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270872</id>
      <parentid>270871</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T17:34:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270872</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1254" sha1="9oar0xzp27837cqkvdf0b5r2e0rd6ld" xml:space="preserve">Haec formula abbreviationem ''rum'' exhibet, quae in codicibus et incunabulis variis formis invenitur. Adhibeatur ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, vel cum parametro ad formam certam eligendam, ut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, aut &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

This template displays the abbreviation for ''rum'', which occurs in several forms in manuscripts and incunabula. Use it as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, or with a parameter to select a specific form, such as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, or &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Formula
! In spatio principali
! In spatio ''Pagina''
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum}}
| ꝶ
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|s}}
| ꝝ
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|c}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|c}}
| Ꝝ
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|sc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|sc}}
| ꝶ
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|scs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|scs}}
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: small-caps; line-height:1; vertical-align:baseline;&quot;&gt;ꝝ&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| &lt;nowiki&gt;{{rum|csc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| {{rum|csc}}
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: small-caps; line-height:1; vertical-align:baseline;&quot;&gt;Ꝝ&lt;/span&gt;
|}</text>
      <sha1>9oar0xzp27837cqkvdf0b5r2e0rd6ld</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ligatura ct/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>83618</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270931</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:34:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '== De ligaturis et formis historicis ==  Ut ligaturae, litterae historicae, et formae typographicae antiquiores recte appareant, commendatur ut usor habeat aut fontem **Garamontio** aut **EB Garamond** in navigatro suo adhibitum.  Si hae formae non apparent, adde hunc codicem in paginam tuam personalem:  &lt;code&gt;Usor:NomenTuum/common.css&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt; .mw-parser-output, .mw-parser-output p, .mw-parser-output div, .mw-parser-output span, .pr...'</comment>
      <origin>270931</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="965" sha1="irdtgxbd8gy7igut7alainoldem7x7a" xml:space="preserve">== De ligaturis et formis historicis ==

Ut ligaturae, litterae historicae, et formae typographicae antiquiores recte appareant, commendatur ut usor habeat aut fontem **Garamontio** aut **EB Garamond** in navigatro suo adhibitum.

Si hae formae non apparent, adde hunc codicem in paginam tuam personalem:

&lt;code&gt;Usor:NomenTuum/common.css&lt;/code&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt;
.mw-parser-output,
.mw-parser-output p,
.mw-parser-output div,
.mw-parser-output span,
.prp-page-content,
.prp-page-content p,
.prp-page-content div,
.prp-page-content span {
  font-family: &quot;Garamontio&quot;, &quot;EB Garamond&quot;, serif;
  font-kerning: normal;
  font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures discretionary-ligatures historical-ligatures;
  font-feature-settings:
    &quot;liga&quot; 1,
    &quot;dlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hist&quot; 1,
    &quot;onum&quot; 1,
    &quot;cv03&quot; 1;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Postquam paginam servaveris, paginam textus iterum onera, vel duram renovationem facias, e.g. &lt;code&gt;Ctrl+Shift+R&lt;/code&gt;.</text>
      <sha1>irdtgxbd8gy7igut7alainoldem7x7a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270932</id>
      <parentid>270931</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:36:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270932</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="967" sha1="k4vbslqca3vgq65yod9klqjpqim3whl" xml:space="preserve">== De ligaturis et formis historicis ==

Ut ligaturae, litterae historicae, et formae typographicae antiquiores recte appareant, commendatur ut usor habeat aut fontem '''Garamontio''' aut ''EB Garamond'' in navigatro suo adhibitum.

Si hae formae non apparent, adde hunc codicem in paginam tuam personalem:

&lt;code&gt;Usor:NomenTuum/common.css&lt;/code&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt;
.mw-parser-output,
.mw-parser-output p,
.mw-parser-output div,
.mw-parser-output span,
.prp-page-content,
.prp-page-content p,
.prp-page-content div,
.prp-page-content span {
  font-family: &quot;Garamontio&quot;, &quot;EB Garamond&quot;, serif;
  font-kerning: normal;
  font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures discretionary-ligatures historical-ligatures;
  font-feature-settings:
    &quot;liga&quot; 1,
    &quot;dlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hist&quot; 1,
    &quot;onum&quot; 1,
    &quot;cv03&quot; 1;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Postquam paginam servaveris, paginam textus iterum onera, vel duram renovationem facias, e.g. &lt;code&gt;Ctrl+Shift+R&lt;/code&gt;.</text>
      <sha1>k4vbslqca3vgq65yod9klqjpqim3whl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270933</id>
      <parentid>270932</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:36:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270933</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="969" sha1="d8s2bby56oirgqzcw749dn8h5qpyajd" xml:space="preserve">== De ligaturis et formis historicis ==

Ut ligaturae, litterae historicae, et formae typographicae antiquiores recte appareant, commendatur ut usor habeat aut fontem '''Garamontio''' aut '''EB Garamond''' in navigatro suo adhibitum.

Si hae formae non apparent, adde hunc codicem in paginam tuam personalem:

&lt;code&gt;Usor:NomenTuum/common.css&lt;/code&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt;
.mw-parser-output,
.mw-parser-output p,
.mw-parser-output div,
.mw-parser-output span,
.prp-page-content,
.prp-page-content p,
.prp-page-content div,
.prp-page-content span {
  font-family: &quot;Garamontio&quot;, &quot;EB Garamond&quot;, serif;
  font-kerning: normal;
  font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures discretionary-ligatures historical-ligatures;
  font-feature-settings:
    &quot;liga&quot; 1,
    &quot;dlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hist&quot; 1,
    &quot;onum&quot; 1,
    &quot;cv03&quot; 1;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Postquam paginam servaveris, paginam textus iterum onera, vel duram renovationem facias, e.g. &lt;code&gt;Ctrl+Shift+R&lt;/code&gt;.</text>
      <sha1>d8s2bby56oirgqzcw749dn8h5qpyajd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ligatura si/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>83619</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270934</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:37:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '== De ligaturis et formis historicis ==  Ut ligaturae, litterae historicae, et formae typographicae antiquiores recte appareant, commendatur ut usor habeat aut fontem '''Garamontio''' aut '''EB Garamond''' in navigatro suo adhibitum.  Si hae formae non apparent, adde hunc codicem in paginam tuam personalem:  &lt;code&gt;Usor:NomenTuum/common.css&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt; .mw-parser-output, .mw-parser-output p, .mw-parser-output div, .mw-parser-output span,...'</comment>
      <origin>270934</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="969" sha1="d8s2bby56oirgqzcw749dn8h5qpyajd" xml:space="preserve">== De ligaturis et formis historicis ==

Ut ligaturae, litterae historicae, et formae typographicae antiquiores recte appareant, commendatur ut usor habeat aut fontem '''Garamontio''' aut '''EB Garamond''' in navigatro suo adhibitum.

Si hae formae non apparent, adde hunc codicem in paginam tuam personalem:

&lt;code&gt;Usor:NomenTuum/common.css&lt;/code&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt;
.mw-parser-output,
.mw-parser-output p,
.mw-parser-output div,
.mw-parser-output span,
.prp-page-content,
.prp-page-content p,
.prp-page-content div,
.prp-page-content span {
  font-family: &quot;Garamontio&quot;, &quot;EB Garamond&quot;, serif;
  font-kerning: normal;
  font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures discretionary-ligatures historical-ligatures;
  font-feature-settings:
    &quot;liga&quot; 1,
    &quot;dlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hist&quot; 1,
    &quot;onum&quot; 1,
    &quot;cv03&quot; 1;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Postquam paginam servaveris, paginam textus iterum onera, vel duram renovationem facias, e.g. &lt;code&gt;Ctrl+Shift+R&lt;/code&gt;.</text>
      <sha1>d8s2bby56oirgqzcw749dn8h5qpyajd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ligatura ſſ/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>83620</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270936</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:38:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '== De ligaturis et formis historicis ==  Ut ligaturae, litterae historicae, et formae typographicae antiquiores recte appareant, commendatur ut usor habeat aut fontem '''Garamontio''' aut '''EB Garamond''' in navigatro suo adhibitum.  Si hae formae non apparent, adde hunc codicem in paginam tuam personalem:  &lt;code&gt;Usor:NomenTuum/common.css&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt; .mw-parser-output, .mw-parser-output p, .mw-parser-output div, .mw-parser-output span,...'</comment>
      <origin>270936</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="969" sha1="d8s2bby56oirgqzcw749dn8h5qpyajd" xml:space="preserve">== De ligaturis et formis historicis ==

Ut ligaturae, litterae historicae, et formae typographicae antiquiores recte appareant, commendatur ut usor habeat aut fontem '''Garamontio''' aut '''EB Garamond''' in navigatro suo adhibitum.

Si hae formae non apparent, adde hunc codicem in paginam tuam personalem:

&lt;code&gt;Usor:NomenTuum/common.css&lt;/code&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt;
.mw-parser-output,
.mw-parser-output p,
.mw-parser-output div,
.mw-parser-output span,
.prp-page-content,
.prp-page-content p,
.prp-page-content div,
.prp-page-content span {
  font-family: &quot;Garamontio&quot;, &quot;EB Garamond&quot;, serif;
  font-kerning: normal;
  font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures discretionary-ligatures historical-ligatures;
  font-feature-settings:
    &quot;liga&quot; 1,
    &quot;dlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hist&quot; 1,
    &quot;onum&quot; 1,
    &quot;cv03&quot; 1;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Postquam paginam servaveris, paginam textus iterum onera, vel duram renovationem facias, e.g. &lt;code&gt;Ctrl+Shift+R&lt;/code&gt;.</text>
      <sha1>d8s2bby56oirgqzcw749dn8h5qpyajd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Ligatura ssi/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>83621</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270937</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:38:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '== De ligaturis et formis historicis ==  Ut ligaturae, litterae historicae, et formae typographicae antiquiores recte appareant, commendatur ut usor habeat aut fontem '''Garamontio''' aut '''EB Garamond''' in navigatro suo adhibitum.  Si hae formae non apparent, adde hunc codicem in paginam tuam personalem:  &lt;code&gt;Usor:NomenTuum/common.css&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt; .mw-parser-output, .mw-parser-output p, .mw-parser-output div, .mw-parser-output span,...'</comment>
      <origin>270937</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="969" sha1="d8s2bby56oirgqzcw749dn8h5qpyajd" xml:space="preserve">== De ligaturis et formis historicis ==

Ut ligaturae, litterae historicae, et formae typographicae antiquiores recte appareant, commendatur ut usor habeat aut fontem '''Garamontio''' aut '''EB Garamond''' in navigatro suo adhibitum.

Si hae formae non apparent, adde hunc codicem in paginam tuam personalem:

&lt;code&gt;Usor:NomenTuum/common.css&lt;/code&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt;
.mw-parser-output,
.mw-parser-output p,
.mw-parser-output div,
.mw-parser-output span,
.prp-page-content,
.prp-page-content p,
.prp-page-content div,
.prp-page-content span {
  font-family: &quot;Garamontio&quot;, &quot;EB Garamond&quot;, serif;
  font-kerning: normal;
  font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures discretionary-ligatures historical-ligatures;
  font-feature-settings:
    &quot;liga&quot; 1,
    &quot;dlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hist&quot; 1,
    &quot;onum&quot; 1,
    &quot;cv03&quot; 1;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Postquam paginam servaveris, paginam textus iterum onera, vel duram renovationem facias, e.g. &lt;code&gt;Ctrl+Shift+R&lt;/code&gt;.</text>
      <sha1>d8s2bby56oirgqzcw749dn8h5qpyajd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Littera s longa/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>83622</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270938</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T19:38:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '== De ligaturis et formis historicis ==  Ut ligaturae, litterae historicae, et formae typographicae antiquiores recte appareant, commendatur ut usor habeat aut fontem '''Garamontio''' aut '''EB Garamond''' in navigatro suo adhibitum.  Si hae formae non apparent, adde hunc codicem in paginam tuam personalem:  &lt;code&gt;Usor:NomenTuum/common.css&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt; .mw-parser-output, .mw-parser-output p, .mw-parser-output div, .mw-parser-output span,...'</comment>
      <origin>270938</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="969" sha1="d8s2bby56oirgqzcw749dn8h5qpyajd" xml:space="preserve">== De ligaturis et formis historicis ==

Ut ligaturae, litterae historicae, et formae typographicae antiquiores recte appareant, commendatur ut usor habeat aut fontem '''Garamontio''' aut '''EB Garamond''' in navigatro suo adhibitum.

Si hae formae non apparent, adde hunc codicem in paginam tuam personalem:

&lt;code&gt;Usor:NomenTuum/common.css&lt;/code&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt;
.mw-parser-output,
.mw-parser-output p,
.mw-parser-output div,
.mw-parser-output span,
.prp-page-content,
.prp-page-content p,
.prp-page-content div,
.prp-page-content span {
  font-family: &quot;Garamontio&quot;, &quot;EB Garamond&quot;, serif;
  font-kerning: normal;
  font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures discretionary-ligatures historical-ligatures;
  font-feature-settings:
    &quot;liga&quot; 1,
    &quot;dlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hlig&quot; 1,
    &quot;hist&quot; 1,
    &quot;onum&quot; 1,
    &quot;cv03&quot; 1;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Postquam paginam servaveris, paginam textus iterum onera, vel duram renovationem facias, e.g. &lt;code&gt;Ctrl+Shift+R&lt;/code&gt;.</text>
      <sha1>d8s2bby56oirgqzcw749dn8h5qpyajd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Polygamia Triumphatrix.pdf/15</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>83623</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270946</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T22:12:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Erblanchard57</username>
        <id>30712</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Emendata */</comment>
      <origin>270946</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4240" sha1="2h2wau2fp67olj1kmw2elm5508acwkn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Erblanchard57&quot; /&gt;{{rvh|5|DE POLYGAMIA|DISCURSUS}}
{{smaller-block/s}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;combinantur, non tantùm ad demon{{ls}}trandum e{{ls}}{{ls}}e actum Politicum, {{ls}}ed &amp; ad abolendum jugum Anti-Chri{{ls}}ti, qui ex conjugio {{ls}}acramentum ad exercendam eò melius in toto Chri{{ls}}tiani{{ls}}mo Tyrannidem fecit, &amp; quia {{ls}}acramenta non ni{{ls}}i à {{ls}}acerdotibus admini{{ls}}trari {{ls}}olita, {{ls}}acerdotalem copulationem {{ls}}ub ''Sotere'' Papâ introduxit, &amp; mundo Chri{{ls}}tiano, ceu rem {{ls}}ummè nece{{ls}}{{ls}}ariam, invitis Magi{{ls}}tratibus, ad quos tamen omnis circa matrimonium directio pertinet, obtru{{ls}}it. Sicut autem articulus de Magi{{ls}}tratu, qui etiam in Sy{{ls}}temate Theologico ventilatur, non illicò in articulum Fidei migrat, etiam{{ls}}i {{ls}}æpè in inaugurationibus, coronationibus &amp; inunctionibus Regum Epi{{ls}}copi &amp; Archi-epi{{ls}}copi adhibeantur, nihilominus e{{ls}}t Politica conventio, quà Rex, {{ls}}eu Magi{{ls}}tratus mutuâ obligatione interveniente cum {{ls}}uis {{ls}}ubditis qua{{ls}}i contrahit: ità etiam {{ls}}e res habet cum conjugio, quod inter contractus purè Politicos meritò numeratur, non ob{{ls}}tante, quod in Locis Communibus Theologicis explicetur, &amp; {{ls}}acris ritibus à mini{{ls}}tro Eccle{{ls}}iæ con{{ls}}ummetur. Quod etiam confirmat D. Lutherus in puerili {{ls}}uo Catechi{{ls}}mo, quem Antipolygami {{ls}}i legi{{ls}}{{ls}}ent, aliter {{ls}}en{{ls}}i{{ls}}{{ls}}ent. Ita autem in fit: {{gothica|So manches Land / {{ls}}o manche {{ls}}itten {{ls}}agt das gemeine Sprichwort / darumb dieweil die Hochzeit und Eh{{ls}}tand ein Weltlich ge{{ls}}chä{{ls}}t / oder ding i{{ls}}t / gebührt uns Gei{{ls}}tlichen und Kirchen-Dienern nichts darin zu ordnen und zu regiren / {{ls}}ondern la{{ls}}{{ls}}en ein jeglichen Statt und Land ihr gewohnheit / es gehet uns nichts an. Ettliche führen die Braut zweymahl zur Kirche / beyde des Abends und des Morgens. Etliche nur einmahl / etliche verkündigen / und bieten {{ls}}ie auff zwo oder drey wochen zu vor. Solches alles und dergleichen laß ich Herrn und Raht {{ls}}chaffen und machen wie {{ls}}ie wollen / es geht mich nichts an. Aber {{ls}}o man von uns begehrt / {{ls}}ie vor der Kirchen / oder in der Kirchen zu {{ls}}egnen / oder vor {{ls}}ie zu bitten / oder {{ls}}ie zu{{ls}}ammen zu geben / {{ls}}ind wir {{ls}}chuldig {{ls}}olches zu thun / darumb hab ich die{{ls}}e Wort und Wei{{ls}}e wollen {{ls}}etzen / denjenigen / die es nicht be{{ls}}{{ls}}er wi{{ls}}{{ls}}en / ob ihnen gelü{{ls}}te einträchtiger wei{{ls}}e mit uns hierin zu halten. Die andern / die es be{{ls}}{{ls}}er wi{{ls}}{{ls}}en / und be{{ls}}{{ls}}er können / i. e. die allerdings nichts wi{{ls}}{{ls}}en / und {{ls}}ich doch düncken la{{ls}}{{ls}}en / das {{ls}}ie es alles können / bedürfen die{{ls}}es meines dien{{ls}}tes nicht / ohne allein / das {{ls}}ie darüber Klügeln / und es mei{{ls}}t an mögen / die {{ls}}ollen {{ls}}ich ja fleißig hüten / das {{ls}}ie mit niemand was gemein haben / man möchte {{ls}}on{{ls}}t dencken / {{ls}}ie mü{{ls}}ten von andern Leuten etwas lernen / das wehre ihnen ein {{ls}}chand / dieweil man nun mit den München und Nonnen {{ls}}o ein groß gepräng mit ihren einkleiden getrieben / da doch ihr {{ls}}tand und we{{ls}}en ein Ungöttlich und lauter Men{{ls}}chen gedicht i{{ls}}t / das keinen grund in der Schrifft hat / wie viel mehr {{ls}}ollen wir die{{ls}}en Göttlichen {{ls}}tand ehren / und {{ls}}egnen / auch darüber bitten / wiewohl er ein Weltlicher {{ls}}tand i{{ls}}t / {{ls}}o hab er doch Gotts Wort vor {{ls}}ich / und i{{ls}}t nicht von Men{{ls}}chen {{SIC|ge{{ls}}ti{{ls}}{{ls}}t|gestiftet}} / wie der Nonnen {{ls}}tand.}} Quod in Latino {{ls}}ermone ita {{ls}}onat: ''Quælibet provincia habet {{ls}}uas con{{ls}}uetudines. Quia itaque conjugium est res Politica, non convenit nobis mini{{ls}}tris Eccle{{ls}}iæ aliquid hic ordinare, {{ls}}ed relinquimus cuilibet urbi &amp; nationi {{ls}}uas con{{ls}}uetudines, quia ad nos non pertinet. Aliqui {{ls}}pon{{ls}}am binis vicibus deducunt ad templum, manè &amp; ve{{ls}}peri; alii {{ls}}emel tantùm. Alii denuntiant bis aut ter {{SIC|plublicé|publicé}} è {{ls}}ugge{{ls}}tu. Hæc &amp; {{ls}}imilia''&lt;noinclude&gt;{{right|''com-''}}
{{smaller-block/e}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2h2wau2fp67olj1kmw2elm5508acwkn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270947</id>
      <parentid>270946</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T22:12:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Erblanchard57</username>
        <id>30712</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270947</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4241" sha1="ebr956vt0tihu9cw5cif9xrolyd9v6k" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Erblanchard57&quot; /&gt;{{rvh|5|DE POLYGAMIA.|DISCURSUS}}
{{smaller-block/s}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;combinantur, non tantùm ad demon{{ls}}trandum e{{ls}}{{ls}}e actum Politicum, {{ls}}ed &amp; ad abolendum jugum Anti-Chri{{ls}}ti, qui ex conjugio {{ls}}acramentum ad exercendam eò melius in toto Chri{{ls}}tiani{{ls}}mo Tyrannidem fecit, &amp; quia {{ls}}acramenta non ni{{ls}}i à {{ls}}acerdotibus admini{{ls}}trari {{ls}}olita, {{ls}}acerdotalem copulationem {{ls}}ub ''Sotere'' Papâ introduxit, &amp; mundo Chri{{ls}}tiano, ceu rem {{ls}}ummè nece{{ls}}{{ls}}ariam, invitis Magi{{ls}}tratibus, ad quos tamen omnis circa matrimonium directio pertinet, obtru{{ls}}it. Sicut autem articulus de Magi{{ls}}tratu, qui etiam in Sy{{ls}}temate Theologico ventilatur, non illicò in articulum Fidei migrat, etiam{{ls}}i {{ls}}æpè in inaugurationibus, coronationibus &amp; inunctionibus Regum Epi{{ls}}copi &amp; Archi-epi{{ls}}copi adhibeantur, nihilominus e{{ls}}t Politica conventio, quà Rex, {{ls}}eu Magi{{ls}}tratus mutuâ obligatione interveniente cum {{ls}}uis {{ls}}ubditis qua{{ls}}i contrahit: ità etiam {{ls}}e res habet cum conjugio, quod inter contractus purè Politicos meritò numeratur, non ob{{ls}}tante, quod in Locis Communibus Theologicis explicetur, &amp; {{ls}}acris ritibus à mini{{ls}}tro Eccle{{ls}}iæ con{{ls}}ummetur. Quod etiam confirmat D. Lutherus in puerili {{ls}}uo Catechi{{ls}}mo, quem Antipolygami {{ls}}i legi{{ls}}{{ls}}ent, aliter {{ls}}en{{ls}}i{{ls}}{{ls}}ent. Ita autem in fit: {{gothica|So manches Land / {{ls}}o manche {{ls}}itten {{ls}}agt das gemeine Sprichwort / darumb dieweil die Hochzeit und Eh{{ls}}tand ein Weltlich ge{{ls}}chä{{ls}}t / oder ding i{{ls}}t / gebührt uns Gei{{ls}}tlichen und Kirchen-Dienern nichts darin zu ordnen und zu regiren / {{ls}}ondern la{{ls}}{{ls}}en ein jeglichen Statt und Land ihr gewohnheit / es gehet uns nichts an. Ettliche führen die Braut zweymahl zur Kirche / beyde des Abends und des Morgens. Etliche nur einmahl / etliche verkündigen / und bieten {{ls}}ie auff zwo oder drey wochen zu vor. Solches alles und dergleichen laß ich Herrn und Raht {{ls}}chaffen und machen wie {{ls}}ie wollen / es geht mich nichts an. Aber {{ls}}o man von uns begehrt / {{ls}}ie vor der Kirchen / oder in der Kirchen zu {{ls}}egnen / oder vor {{ls}}ie zu bitten / oder {{ls}}ie zu{{ls}}ammen zu geben / {{ls}}ind wir {{ls}}chuldig {{ls}}olches zu thun / darumb hab ich die{{ls}}e Wort und Wei{{ls}}e wollen {{ls}}etzen / denjenigen / die es nicht be{{ls}}{{ls}}er wi{{ls}}{{ls}}en / ob ihnen gelü{{ls}}te einträchtiger wei{{ls}}e mit uns hierin zu halten. Die andern / die es be{{ls}}{{ls}}er wi{{ls}}{{ls}}en / und be{{ls}}{{ls}}er können / i. e. die allerdings nichts wi{{ls}}{{ls}}en / und {{ls}}ich doch düncken la{{ls}}{{ls}}en / das {{ls}}ie es alles können / bedürfen die{{ls}}es meines dien{{ls}}tes nicht / ohne allein / das {{ls}}ie darüber Klügeln / und es mei{{ls}}t an mögen / die {{ls}}ollen {{ls}}ich ja fleißig hüten / das {{ls}}ie mit niemand was gemein haben / man möchte {{ls}}on{{ls}}t dencken / {{ls}}ie mü{{ls}}ten von andern Leuten etwas lernen / das wehre ihnen ein {{ls}}chand / dieweil man nun mit den München und Nonnen {{ls}}o ein groß gepräng mit ihren einkleiden getrieben / da doch ihr {{ls}}tand und we{{ls}}en ein Ungöttlich und lauter Men{{ls}}chen gedicht i{{ls}}t / das keinen grund in der Schrifft hat / wie viel mehr {{ls}}ollen wir die{{ls}}en Göttlichen {{ls}}tand ehren / und {{ls}}egnen / auch darüber bitten / wiewohl er ein Weltlicher {{ls}}tand i{{ls}}t / {{ls}}o hab er doch Gotts Wort vor {{ls}}ich / und i{{ls}}t nicht von Men{{ls}}chen {{SIC|ge{{ls}}ti{{ls}}{{ls}}t|gestiftet}} / wie der Nonnen {{ls}}tand.}} Quod in Latino {{ls}}ermone ita {{ls}}onat: ''Quælibet provincia habet {{ls}}uas con{{ls}}uetudines. Quia itaque conjugium est res Politica, non convenit nobis mini{{ls}}tris Eccle{{ls}}iæ aliquid hic ordinare, {{ls}}ed relinquimus cuilibet urbi &amp; nationi {{ls}}uas con{{ls}}uetudines, quia ad nos non pertinet. Aliqui {{ls}}pon{{ls}}am binis vicibus deducunt ad templum, manè &amp; ve{{ls}}peri; alii {{ls}}emel tantùm. Alii denuntiant bis aut ter {{SIC|plublicé|publicé}} è {{ls}}ugge{{ls}}tu. Hæc &amp; {{ls}}imilia''&lt;noinclude&gt;{{right|''com-''}}
{{smaller-block/e}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ebr956vt0tihu9cw5cif9xrolyd9v6k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Grc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>83624</id>
    <redirect title="Formula:Graeca" />
    <revision>
      <id>270960</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T08:37:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saumache</username>
        <id>27923</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirigens ad [[Formula:Graeca]]</comment>
      <origin>270960</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28" sha1="qpv5sb9rs46x99rp839uswji1va6q7k" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Formula:Graeca]]</text>
      <sha1>qpv5sb9rs46x99rp839uswji1va6q7k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Poema recte formatum</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>83625</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270974</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T11:00:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Ppoem/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--  --&gt;{{#invoke:Ppoem|ppoem}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;'</comment>
      <origin>270974</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="142" sha1="024ugmv0hsr0q3f3a271l1upgocrhk0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Ppoem/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#invoke:Ppoem|ppoem}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>024ugmv0hsr0q3f3a271l1upgocrhk0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>270977</id>
      <parentid>270974</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T11:03:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>270977</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="187" sha1="jc6ogrzolb7cy6xbxpi8l9dl9mvttxt" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Poema recte formatum/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#invoke:Poema recte formatum|Poema recte formatum}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jc6ogrzolb7cy6xbxpi8l9dl9mvttxt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Poema recte formatum/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>83626</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270975</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T11:01:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '{{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:Ppoem}} {{uses TemplateStyles|Template:ppoem/styles.css}} &lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE AND INTERWIKIS IN WIKIDATA --&gt;  &lt;!-- styles for this template's demo purposes --&gt; &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;ppoem/doc/styles.css&quot; /&gt;   === Usage ===  Ppoem, a.k.a. Proper Poem.  {{Notice|This template and module is believed to be relatively stable and suitable for most common poem usages. Some esoteric poems may not w...'</comment>
      <origin>270975</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14956" sha1="41zouf613ywje8blc2a9lazfisp85eu" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
{{Lua|Module:Ppoem}}
{{uses TemplateStyles|Template:ppoem/styles.css}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE AND INTERWIKIS IN WIKIDATA --&gt;

&lt;!-- styles for this template's demo purposes --&gt;
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;ppoem/doc/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

=== Usage ===

Ppoem, a.k.a. Proper Poem.

{{Notice|This template and module is believed to be relatively stable and suitable for most common poem usages. Some esoteric poems may not work, or might need some adjustments to be made. Please note bugs/shortcomings/suggestions on the talk page.}}

; Parameters:
* {{parameter|1}} the poem content
* {{parameter|gutter}} &lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;both&lt;/code&gt;. You should use this if you use line or verse numbers and they ''don't'' occur in the first instance of the template (it's automatically determined if they do).
* {{parameter|class}} extra classes to set on the outer ppoem div
* {{parameter|align}} text-alignment to set on the outer ppoem div (e.g. &lt;code&gt;center&lt;/code&gt;)
* {{parameter|style}} extra styles to set on the outer ppoem div
* {{parameter|lang}} the lang code to set for the outer ppoem div (same codes as {{tl|lang}}, e.g. &lt;code&gt;fr&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;la&lt;/code&gt;, etc.)

Special syntax:

* Lines that start with &lt;code&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; are right aligned.
* Lines that start with &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; are centred.
* Lines that end with &lt;code&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; XXX&lt;/code&gt; have a line number &quot;XXX&quot; appended at the right, past the right margin
* Lines that start with &lt;code&gt;XXX &amp;lt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/code&gt; have a verse/line number &quot;XXX&quot; on the left, past the left margin
* Lines that start with &lt;code&gt;+XX&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; are indented relatively to the line XX lines further up. &lt;code&gt;+&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; can be used instead of &lt;code&gt;+1&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;.
* Lines that start with &lt;code&gt;{class}&lt;/code&gt; have the HTML class named &lt;code&gt;ws-poem-class&lt;/code&gt; applied. This can be targeted by TemplateStyles CSS (and some are predefined in [[Template:Ppoem/styles.css]])
* Leading spaces are converted to &lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt;
* Leading colons are converted to &lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;emsp;&lt;/code&gt;

You can control the stanzas with similar syntax:
* Blank lines start a new stanza.
* Stanzas prefixed with &lt;code&gt;{class}&lt;/code&gt; have the HTML class named &lt;code&gt;ws-poem-class&lt;/code&gt; applied to the whole following stanza. This can be targeted by TemplateStyles CSS (and some are predefined in [[Template:Ppoem/styles.css]])
* Stanzas prefixed with &lt;code&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; are block-right-aligned.
* Stanzas prefixed with &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; are centred.

{{doc example|content=
&lt;pre&gt;
{{ppoem|
1 &lt;&lt;&lt; {{di|O}}nce upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,
{{fqm|&quot;}}While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
 As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
&quot;'Tis some visiter,&quot; I muttered, &quot;tapping at my chamber door— &gt;&gt;&gt; 5
::::::{raven_green} Only this, and nothing more.&quot;
&gt;&gt; {{sc|The Raven}}

{raven_green}
2 &lt;&lt;&lt; This stanza has the class &lt;code&gt;raven_green&lt;/code&gt; applied
To the whole stanza.
+&gt;And this line picks up on the previous one.

&gt;&gt;
This stanza is block-right-aligned
Like this

&lt;&gt;
And this stanza is centred
Like this

&gt;&gt; {{sc|The Raven}}

&lt;&gt; ''The End''
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{ppoem|
1 &lt;&lt;&lt; {{di|O}}nce upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,
{{fqm|&quot;}}While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
&quot;'Tis some visiter,&quot; I muttered, &quot;tapping at my chamber door— &gt;&gt;&gt; 5
::::::{raven_green} Only this, and nothing more.&quot;

{raven_green}
2 &lt;&lt;&lt; This stanza has the class &lt;code&gt;raven_green&lt;/code&gt; applied
To the whole stanza.
+&gt;And this line picks up on the previous one.

&gt;&gt;
This stanza is block-right-aligned
Like this

&lt;&gt;
And this stanza is centred
Like this

&gt;&gt; {{sc|The Raven}}

&lt;&gt; ''The End''
}}
}}

The lines have a default 4em hanging indent, which is roughly consistent with most printed poetry:

{{doc example|content=
&lt;pre&gt;
{{block center|width=25em|style=border:1px solid red;|
{{ppoem|
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
&quot;'Tis some visiter,&quot; I muttered, &quot;tapping at my chamber door—
::::::Only this, and nothing more.&quot;
}}
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{block center|width=25em|style=border:1px solid red;|
{{ppoem|
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
&quot;'Tis some visiter,&quot; I muttered, &quot;tapping at my chamber door—
::::::Only this, and nothing more.&quot;
}}
}}
}}

It can be disabled by giving any value to {{parameter|no_hi}}.

=== Page breaks ===

The template works across page breaks and produces a single poem container (unlike the &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;poem&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; tag).

The {{parameter|start}} and {{parameter|end}} parameters control how the sections join up. Each has four options: &lt;code&gt;open/close&lt;/code&gt; (which is the default), &lt;code&gt;follow&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;stanza&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;same-line&lt;/code&gt;:

* For the first section, use {{parameter|1=start=open}} (or omit the parameter)
* For a section that ends a stanza, use {{parameter|1=end=stanza}}, and start the ''next'' one with {{parameter|1=start=stanza}}
* For a section that doesn't end a stanza (so the next section continues in the same stanza), the first section sets {{parameter|1=end=follow}} and the next uses {{parameter|1=start=follow}}.
* For a line that continues onto the next page, the first section sets {{parameter|1=end=same-line}} and the next uses {{parameter|1=start=same-line}}.
* For the last section, use {{parameter|1=end=close}} (or omit).

This means that the {{parameter|end}} parameter of one section and the {{parameter|start}} of the next must always be the same. It also means that for a simple poem in a single section, you do not need either {{parameter|start}} or {{parameter|end}}.

For example, for a template spanning four pages:

{{doc example|content=
&lt;pre&gt;
{{ppoem|end=follow|
This is the first
page and the stanza
}}&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
{{ppoem|start=follow|end=stanza|
continues into this page.

But then, the second
page ends at the end of
a stanza.}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
{{ppoem|start=stanza|end=same-line|
And the next page
is a new stanza.
Then there is a really long
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
{{ppoem|start=same-line|end=close|
''line that continues onto the next page.''

And finally normal
Lines to the end.
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{ppoem|end=follow|
This is the first
page and the stanza}}

{{ppoem|start=follow|end=stanza|
continues into this page.

But then, the second
page ends at the end of
a stanza.
}}

{{ppoem|start=stanza|end=same-line|
And the next page
is a new stanza.
Then there is a really long
}}

{{ppoem|start=same-line|end=close|
''line that continues onto the next page.''

And finally normal
Lines to the end.
}}
}}

In the page [[H:NS|namespace]], the template always opens and closes the ppoem tags, so it will appear correctly in both page and mainspace (as long as any abutting ppoems on previous/following pages use matching {{parameter|start}} and {{parameter|end}} parameters).
=== Drop initials ===

Floated content, such as {{tl|dropinitial}}s, should be placed as normal:

{{doc example|content=
&lt;pre&gt;
{{ppoem|
{{dropinitial|B|image=Examination and confession-b24926760-025.jpg|imgsize=80px}}EHOLD these acts and scan them well
behold their pervers way:
These left the lord, these did his truth
which shold have ben their stay.

{{dropinitial|B}}EHOLD these acts and scan them well
behold their pervers way:
These left the lord, these did his truth
which shold have ben their stay.

{{dropinitial|B|fl=&quot;}}EHOLD these acts and scan them well
behold their pervers way:
These left the lord, these did his truth
which shold have ben their stay.
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{ppoem|
{{dropinitial|B|image=Examination and confession-b24926760-025.jpg|imgsize=80px}}EHOLD these acts and scan them well
behold their pervers way:
These left the lord, these did his truth
which shold have ben their stay.

{{dropinitial|B}}EHOLD these acts and scan them well
behold their pervers way:
These left the lord, these did his truth
which shold have ben their stay.

{{dropinitial|B|fl=&quot;}}EHOLD these acts and scan them well
behold their pervers way:
These left the lord, these did his truth
which shold have ben their stay.
}}
}}

=== Braces ===

Braced lines work as expected (using the &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; syntax for right-floats):

{{doc example|content=
&lt;pre&gt;
{{ppoem|
No Place so Sacred from such Fops is barr'd,
Nor is ''Paul's Church'' more safe than ''Paul's Church-yard'':
Nay, run to ''Altars''; ''there'' they'll talk you dead;
For ''Fools'' rush in where ''Angels'' fear to tread.
Distrustful ''Sense'' with modest Caution speaks; &gt;&gt;&gt; {{brace2|3|r}}
It still ''looks home'', and ''short Excursions'' makes;
But ''ratling'' Nonsense in full ''Vollies'' breaks;
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{ppoem|
No Place so Sacred from such Fops is barr'd,
Nor is ''Paul's Church'' more safe than ''Paul's Church-yard'':
Nay, run to ''Altars''; ''there'' they'll talk you dead;
For ''Fools'' rush in where ''Angels'' fear to tread.
Distrustful ''Sense'' with modest Caution speaks; &gt;&gt;&gt; {{brace2|3|r}}
It still ''looks home'', and ''short Excursions'' makes;
But ''ratling'' Nonsense in full ''Vollies'' breaks;
}}
}}

=== Floating punctuation ===

No changes are needed for floating punctuation, e.g. with {{tl|fqm}}

{{doc example|content=
&lt;pre&gt;
{{ppoem|
{{fqm}}No Place so Sacred from such Fops is barr'd,
Nor is ''Paul's Church'' more safe than ''Paul's Church-yard'':
Nay, run to ''Altars''; ''there'' they'll talk you dead;
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{ppoem|
{{fqm}}No Place so Sacred from such Fops is barr'd,
Nor is ''Paul's Church'' more safe than ''Paul's Church-yard'':
Nay, run to ''Altars''; ''there'' they'll talk you dead;
}}
}}

=== Gutter width ===

Some poems have very long line numbers. In this case, the default gutter width of &lt;code&gt;2em&lt;/code&gt; may not be enough. You can modify the gutters of poems using the [[H:Page styles|Index-based CSS]] and set a wider padding on the left or right of relevant &lt;code&gt;.ws-poem-line&lt;/code&gt; elements.

Poems with a left gutter are denoted by the class &lt;code&gt;.ws-poem-left-gutter&lt;/code&gt; on the top-level poem container, added automatically when the &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; syntax is used, or {{parameter|1=gutter}} is set to &lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;both&lt;/code&gt;). Right gutters (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; syntax or {{parameter|1=gutter}} set to &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;both&lt;/code&gt;) work the same way.

In the case below, every poem in a [[Index:I. Beówulf- an Anglo-Saxon poem. II. The fight at Finnsburh- a fragment (IA cu31924031292604).pdf|given work]] that has a left gutter has the line padding increased to 3em:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=css&gt;
/* Increase the gutter because the line numbers have up to 4 digits */
.ws-poem-left-gutter .ws-poem-line {
	padding-left: 3em;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Comparison with &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ==

Below is a comparison of the output of this template and the &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tag (or manual &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, which is equivalent), rendered as an EPUB on an e-reader.

With poem tag/&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;:

[[File:Wikisource poem formatting - poem tag epub.png|center|300px]]

With {{tl|ppoem}}, there are hanging indents and right-alignment not causing a paragraph break:

[[File:Wikisource poem formatting - ppoem epub.png|300px|center]]

=== Advantages ===

* Simple syntax for common cases
* Handles hanging indent which resolves the problem of ambiguous new lines
* Semantically more correct: lines are spans, and stanzas are paragraphs, poems are divs
* Can continue a line across a page break (which can't be done with &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;)
* Combines into a single element even when transcluded from multiple pages
* Copy-pastes as separate lines
* Exports sensibly
* Automatic block-centering (which can't be done with &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; because the separate elements don't have the same widths)
* Very easy to apply CSS classes to lines or stanzas
* Drop-in replacement for &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

=== Disadvantages ===

* Some care is needed to match the {{parameter|start}} and {{parameter|end}} parameters across pages.
* Dropinitials can sometimes cause a line to wrap prematurely (can be avoided by adding length to the first line, such as with {{tl|em}}).
* Because this is a single template and cannot be split, poems must escape &lt;code&gt;=&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;|&lt;/code&gt; character&lt;ref&gt;Unless it becomes an extension.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

===Template data===
{{TemplateDataHeader}}
&lt;templatedata&gt;
{
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The poem content&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,\nOver many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;start&quot;: {
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The start type: one of open, stanza, follow, same-line. If this is not \&quot;open\&quot;, this MUST use the same value as the previous {{ppoem}}'s \&quot;end\&quot; parameter.&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;stanza&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;suggested&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;end&quot;: {
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The closure type: one of close, stanza, follow, same-line. If this is not \&quot;close\&quot;, the next {{ppoem}} MUST use the same value for it's \&quot;start\&quot; parameter.&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;stanza&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;suggested&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;lang&quot;: {
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Language code to apply to the whole poem&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;la&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;suggestedvalues&quot;: [
				&quot;en&quot;,
				&quot;fr&quot;,
				&quot;grc&quot;,
				&quot;la&quot;,
				&quot;es&quot;,
				&quot;de&quot;,
				&quot;ang&quot;,
				&quot;enm&quot;,
				&quot;it&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;class&quot;: {
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;CSS classes to add to the entire poem. Use this if you would like to target the whole poem for styling with a CSS rule.&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;chapter-head-poem&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		}
	},
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Format a poem nicely&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;
}
&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Categories ==
* Feature usage tracking for custom classes
** {{clc|Pages using ppoem with custom classes}}—Pages applying a custom class to the entire ppoem
** {{clc|Pages using ppoem with custom stanza classes}}—Pages applying a custom class to a whole stanza
** {{clc|Pages using ppoem with custom line classes}}—Pages applying a custom class to a single line

=== See also ===

* [[Help:Poetry]]

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE AND INTERWIKIS IN WIKIDATA, THANKS --&gt;
[[Category:Formatting templates]]
[[Category:Templates applying classes for page styles]]
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>41zouf613ywje8blc2a9lazfisp85eu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Uses TemplateStyles</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>83628</id>
    <revision>
      <id>270978</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T11:04:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JimKillock</username>
        <id>19003</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Uses TemplateStyles|main}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Uses TemplateStyles/example.css|nocat=true}} {{documentation}} &lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt; &lt;/noinclude&gt;'</comment>
      <origin>270978</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="255" sha1="eqhrm3aklele9wufyv66k58upan0j1w" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Uses TemplateStyles|main}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Uses TemplateStyles/example.css|nocat=true}}
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>eqhrm3aklele9wufyv66k58upan0j1w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>