ປີໃໝ່ລາວ

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|holiday_name  = ປີໃໝ່ລາວ
|type          = ເທສະການອາຊຽນ
|image         = Lao New Year, Buddha bathing.jpg
|imagesize     = 250px
|caption       = [[ຊາວລາວ]] ສົງນ້ຳພຣະຊ່ວງປີໃໝ່
|official_name =
|nickname      = 
|observedby    = ລາວ
|litcolor      = 
|longtype      = 
|significance  = ຖືເປັນວັນປີໃໝ່ລາວ
|begins        = 13 ເມສາ
|ends          = 16 ເມສາ
|date          = 14 ເມສາ
|frequency     = ປະຈຳປີ
|duration      = 7 ມື້
|celebrations  =
|observances   = 
|relatedto     = [[ປີໃໝ່ອາຊີໃຕ້ ແລະ ຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້]]
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'''ປີໃໝ່ລາວ'''  ຫຼື ເວົ້າໜ້ອຍກວ່າທົ່ວໄປແມ່ນ '''ສົງການ''' ({{lang-en|Songkran}}) ​ໄດ້​ສະ​ເຫຼີມ​ສະ​ຫຼອງ​ຕັ້ງແຕ່ ວັນທີ 13 ຫາ 16 ເດືອນ​ເມ​ສາ​ ຂອງທຸກໆປີ. ບຸນປີໃໝ່ ແມ່ນຖືກເອີ້ນອີກວ່າ [[ບຸນຫົດນໍ້າ]] ເຊິ່ງທຸກຄົນຈະຫົດນໍ້າ ແລະ ອວຍພອນ ເຊິ່ງກັນ ແລະ ກັນ, ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າ ເດືອນ ເມສາ ແມ່ນ ເດືອນທີ່ຮ້ອນສຸດ ອຸນຫະພູມ ແມ່ນອາດຂື້ນສູງເຖິງ 40 ອົງສາ. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ, ຢູ່ທີ່[[ວັດ]]ຈະມີການເຮັດບຸນ, ທໍາຄວາມສະອາດ[[ທາດ]] ແກ່ຍາດຕິພີ່ນ້ອງ ທີ່ລ່ວງລັບໄປ ແລະ ມີການທໍາຄວາມສະອາດທາດ[[ພຣະ]] ເອີ້ນວ່າ [[ສົງພຣະ]]. ທີ່[[ຫຼວງພະບາງ]] ທຸກໆປີ ຍັງມີການແຫ່ [[ນາງສັງຂານ]] ອີກດ້ວຍ


ບຸນປີໃໝ່ລາວຍັງຕິດພັນກັບຄຳວ່າ: “ສັງຂານຕ໌” (ສັງ-ຂານ) ເຊິ່ງເປັນຄຳສັບມາຈາກພາສາປາລີ ມີຄວາມໝາຍສະເພາະຕົວຫລາຍຄວາມໝາຍເຊັ່ນວ່າ: ການເສື່ອມ, ການໝົດ, ການສິ້ນສຸດ ຫຼື ໝາຍເຖິງການປ່ຽນໃໝ່.
ຄຳວ່າ: “ສັງຂານຕ໌” ນີ້ໄດ້ຕິດພັນກັບເລື່ອງເລົ່າ ຫຼື ນິທານນາງສັງຂານ ເຊິ່ງເປັນທິດາທັງເຈັດ(7)ຂອງທ້າວ ກະບິນລະພົມ(ກບິລພຣົມ) ທີ່ພວກເຮົາຮຽກວ່າ: “ນາງສັງຂານຕ໌” ເຊິ່ງແປຄວາມໝາຍວ່າ: ຜູ້ຜັດປ່ຽນການເວລາ ເຊິ່ງທິດາທັງເຈັດນາງຂອງທ້າວກະບິນລະພົມນັ້ນ ມັນມີໝາຍຕິດພັນກັບເຈັດວັນໃນຮອບສັບປະດາ.
ສ່ວນຄຳວ່າ: “ ສົງການ ຫຼື ສົງກຣານຕ໌ ” (ສົງ-ກຣານ) ເປັນຄຳມາຈາກສັບໃນພາສາ ສັນສະກຣິຕ ທີ່ຊາວຂະເມ ແລະ ສະຫຍາມ ພາກັນນິຍົມໃຊ້, ເຊິ່ງຈະມີຄວາມໝາຍດຽວກັນກັບຄຳວ່າ: “ສັງຂານ” ທີ່ຊາວລ້ານຊ້າງ ແລະ ລ້ານນາ ນິຍົມໃຊ້ມາແຕ່ປາງປະຖົມ. ວັນສັງຂານຕ໌ຣ່ວງ: “ຣ່ວງ” ໃນທີ່ນີ້ ໝາຍເຖິງ “ຕົກຫລົ່ນ” (“ລ່ວງ” ແປວ່າ ລ່ວງເກີນ ຫຼື ຜ່ານໄປ).
ວັນສັງຂານລ່ວງ ແມ່ນມື້ທໍາອິດຂອງການສະຫລອງປີໃໝ່ລາວ ໃນມື້ນີ້ ຊາວບ້ານຈະເລີ່ມມີການຫ້າງຫາກະກຽມດອກໄມ້, ເຄື່ອງຫອມ, ປັດກວາດເຮືອນຊານໃຫ້ສະອາດງາມຕາ, ຈັດແຕ່ງພາຫວານ, ພາເຂົ້າໄປວັດ; ຫລັງຈາກຖວາຍເພນແລ້ວ ພຣະສົງຈະອັງເຊີນພຣະພຸດທະຮູບລົງຈາກບັນລັງ ຫລື ບຸດສະບົກ ຫລື ຮ້ານພະ ໃຫ້ພຸດທະ ສາສະນິກະຊົນໄດ້ຫົດສົງ ດ້ວຍນໍ້າອົບນ້ຳຫອມທີ່ຈັດຕຽມມາ ເພື່ອເປັນສິຣິມົງຄົນແກ່ຕົນ ແລະ ຄອບຄົວ. ຫລັງຈາກສົງພະແລ້ວ ພໍ່ເຮືອນແມ່ຊານຈະພ້ອມ ກັນກັບຕ່າວເມືອເຮືອນ ເພື່ອອາຣາດທະນາ ພຣະພຸດທະຮູບທີ່ບູຊາຄູ່ເຮືອນລົງຈາກຮ້ານຈາກຫິ້ງມາຫົດສົງ ແລະ ຂໍພອນໃຫ້ເປັນມົງຄົນແກ່ເຮືອນຊານຂອງຕົນນຳອີກ.
ວັນເນົາ: “ເນົາ” ຄຳນີ້ແປວ່າ: ຈຶ້ງຢູ່, ບໍ່ຍົກຍ້າຍ, ບໍ່ເຄື່ອນທີ່. ນອກນີ້ ວັນເນົາຍັງໝາຍເຖິງວັນຢູ່ລະຫວ່າງ ກາງຂອງການປ່ຽນປີ ຈ.ສ ຫລື ຈຸນລະສັກກະລາດ. ມື້ເນົານີ້ ພຣະສົງສາມະເນນ ຈະເນົາຢູ່ໃນວັດ ເພື່ອສູດມົງຄຸນໃຫ້ພອນ(ສູດລົດນ້ໍາ), ຝ່າຍຄາລະວາດກໍຈະພ້ອມພາກັນຈັດແຫ່ນາງສັງຂານ ທີ່ໄດ້ປະກວດຄັດເລືອກມາແລ້ວ, ແລະ ການແຫ່ມະໂຫລະສົບຕ່າງໆ ປະເພນີນີ້ນິຍົມປະຕິບັດຄ້າຍຄືກັນໃນທົ່ວປະເທດ. ແຕ່ທີ່ພິເສດກວ່າໝູ່ແມ່ນຢູ່ແຂວງຫລວງພະບາງ ເພາະເພິ່ນມີການອັງເຊີນເອົາອົງພຣະ “ພຸດທະລາວັນ” (ພຣະບາງ) ອອກໃຫ້ມວນຊົນໄດ້ສັກກາລະບູຊາ ແລະ ຫົດສົງ.
ຂະບວນແຫ່ພະບາງນີ້ເອີ້ນວ່າ ແຫ່ຫວໍ່ ອັນປະກອບມີຂະບວນແຫ່ອົງພຣະບາງ, ປູ່ເຍີ-ຍ່າເຍີ, ພຣະສົງສາມະເນນ, ພຸດທະຄຳພີ, ຂະບວນນາງແກ້ວ, ຕົວລະຄອນໃນເລື່ອງພະລັກ-ພະລາມ, ຂະບວນມະໂຫລີ-ປີ່ພາດ, ຂະບວນແຫ່ສຽນ(ຫົວ)ທ້າວກະບິນລະພົມ, ນາງສັງຂານ, ຂະ ບວນບ່າວສາວ ແລະ ຂະບວນມະຫາຊົນຢ່າງອະເນກອະນັນຕາທີ່ຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ ເຊິ່ງນັບວ່າ ເປັນພິທີແຫ່ທີ່ງົດງາມ ແລະ ຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດ.
ວັນສັງຂານຕ໌ຂຶ້ນ: ເປັນມື້ຂຶ້ນປີໃໝ່ລາວ ແລະ ປີຈຸນລະສັກກະລາດ ຈະເລື່ອນຕົວເລກຂຶ້ນອີກໜຶ່ງປີໃນປີນີ້ກໍແມ່ນເລື່ອນຈາກປີຈຸນລະສັກກະລາດ ໑໓໘໕ເປັນ ໑໓໘໖ ແລະ ກໍເປັນມື້ສຸດທ້າຍຂອງການສະຫລອງປີໃໝ່ລາວ. ນອກນີ້ແລ້ວມື້ສັງຂານຂຶ້ນ ຫລື ມື້ຂຶ້ນປີໃໝ່ ຍັງເປັນວັນໂຮມຍາດຕິພີ່ນ້ອງ ເຊິ່ງຊາວລາວຈະຖືເອົາໂອກາດນີ້ ເປັນການສົມມາຜູ້ມີພະຄຸນຂອງຕົນ ອັນມີ ພໍ່-ແມ່, ຜູ້ເຖົ້າຜູ້ແກ່ປະຈຳວົງຕະກູນ ແລະ ບຸກຄົນທີ່ເຮົາເຄົາລົບ.&lt;ref&gt;https://lnr.org.la/ບຸນປີໃຫມ່ລາວບຸນເດືອນ໕/&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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|holiday_name  = ປີໃໝ່ລາວ
|type          = ເທສະການອາຊຽນ
|image         = Lao New Year, Buddha bathing.jpg
|imagesize     = 250px
|caption       = [[ຊາວລາວ]] ສົງນ້ຳພຣະຊ່ວງປີໃໝ່
|official_name =
|nickname      = 
|observedby    = ລາວ
|litcolor      = 
|longtype      = 
|significance  = ຖືເປັນວັນປີໃໝ່ລາວ
|begins        = 13 ເມສາ
|ends          = 16 ເມສາ
|date          = 14 ເມສາ
|frequency     = ປະຈຳປີ
|duration      = 7 ມື້
|celebrations  =
|observances   = 
|relatedto     = [[ປີໃໝ່ອາຊີໃຕ້ ແລະ ຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້]]
}}

'''ປີໃໝ່ລາວ'''  ຫຼື ເວົ້າໜ້ອຍກວ່າທົ່ວໄປແມ່ນ '''ສົງການ''' ({{lang-en|Songkran}}) ​ໄດ້​ສະ​ເຫຼີມ​ສະ​ຫຼອງ​ຕັ້ງແຕ່ ວັນທີ 13 ຫາ 16 ເດືອນ​ເມ​ສາ​ ຂອງທຸກໆປີ. ບຸນປີໃໝ່ ແມ່ນຖືກເອີ້ນອີກວ່າ [[ບຸນຫົດນໍ້າ]] ເຊິ່ງທຸກຄົນຈະຫົດນໍ້າ ແລະ ອວຍພອນ ເຊິ່ງກັນ ແລະ ກັນ, ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າ ເດືອນ ເມສາ ແມ່ນ ເດືອນທີ່ຮ້ອນສຸດ ອຸນຫະພູມ ແມ່ນອາດຂື້ນສູງເຖິງ 40 ອົງສາ. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ, ຢູ່ທີ່[[ວັດ]]ຈະມີການເຮັດບຸນ, ທໍາຄວາມສະອາດ[[ທາດ]] ແກ່ຍາດຕິພີ່ນ້ອງ ທີ່ລ່ວງລັບໄປ ແລະ ມີການທໍາຄວາມສະອາດທາດ[[ພຣະ]] ເອີ້ນວ່າ [[ສົງພຣະ]]. ທີ່[[ຫຼວງພະບາງ]] ທຸກໆປີ ຍັງມີການແຫ່ [[ນາງສັງຂານ]] ອີກດ້ວຍ


ບຸນປີໃໝ່ລາວຍັງຕິດພັນກັບຄຳວ່າ: “ສັງຂານຕ໌” (ສັງ-ຂານ) ເຊິ່ງເປັນຄຳສັບມາຈາກພາສາປາລີ ມີຄວາມໝາຍສະເພາະຕົວຫລາຍຄວາມໝາຍເຊັ່ນວ່າ: ການເສື່ອມ, ການໝົດ, ການສິ້ນສຸດ ຫຼື ໝາຍເຖິງການປ່ຽນໃໝ່.
ຄຳວ່າ: “ສັງຂານຕ໌” ນີ້ໄດ້ຕິດພັນກັບເລື່ອງເລົ່າ ຫຼື ນິທານນາງສັງຂານ ເຊິ່ງເປັນທິດາທັງເຈັດ(7)ຂອງທ້າວ ກະບິນລະພົມ(ກບິລພຣົມ) ທີ່ພວກເຮົາຮຽກວ່າ: “ນາງສັງຂານຕ໌” ເຊິ່ງແປຄວາມໝາຍວ່າ: ຜູ້ຜັດປ່ຽນການເວລາ ເຊິ່ງທິດາທັງເຈັດນາງຂອງທ້າວກະບິນລະພົມນັ້ນ ມັນມີໝາຍຕິດພັນກັບເຈັດວັນໃນຮອບສັບປະດາ.
ສ່ວນຄຳວ່າ: “ ສົງການ ຫຼື ສົງກຣານຕ໌ ” (ສົງ-ກຣານ) ເປັນຄຳມາຈາກສັບໃນພາສາ ສັນສະກຣິຕ ທີ່ຊາວຂະເມ ແລະ ສະຫຍາມ ພາກັນນິຍົມໃຊ້, ເຊິ່ງຈະມີຄວາມໝາຍດຽວກັນກັບຄຳວ່າ: “ສັງຂານ” ທີ່ຊາວລ້ານຊ້າງ ແລະ ລ້ານນາ ນິຍົມໃຊ້ມາແຕ່ປາງປະຖົມ. ວັນສັງຂານຕ໌ຣ່ວງ: “ຣ່ວງ” ໃນທີ່ນີ້ ໝາຍເຖິງ “ຕົກຫລົ່ນ” (“ລ່ວງ” ແປວ່າ ລ່ວງເກີນ ຫຼື ຜ່ານໄປ).
ວັນສັງຂານລ່ວງ ແມ່ນມື້ທໍາອິດຂອງການສະຫລອງປີໃໝ່ລາວ ໃນມື້ນີ້ ຊາວບ້ານຈະເລີ່ມມີການຫ້າງຫາກະກຽມດອກໄມ້, ເຄື່ອງຫອມ, ປັດກວາດເຮືອນຊານໃຫ້ສະອາດງາມຕາ, ຈັດແຕ່ງພາຫວານ, ພາເຂົ້າໄປວັດ; ຫລັງຈາກຖວາຍເພນແລ້ວ ພຣະສົງຈະອັງເຊີນພຣະພຸດທະຮູບລົງຈາກບັນລັງ ຫລື ບຸດສະບົກ ຫລື ຮ້ານພະ ໃຫ້ພຸດທະ ສາສະນິກະຊົນໄດ້ຫົດສົງ ດ້ວຍນໍ້າອົບນ້ຳຫອມທີ່ຈັດຕຽມມາ 

.
ວັນເນົາ: “ເນົາ” ຄຳນີ້ແປວ່າ: ຈຶ້ງຢູ່, ບໍ່ຍົກຍ້າຍ, ບໍ່ເຄື່ອນທີ່. ນອກນີ້ ວັນເນົາຍັງໝາຍເຖິງວັນຢູ່ລະຫວ່າງ ກາງຂອງການປ່ຽນປີ ຈ.ສ ຫລື ຈຸນລະສັກກະລາດ. ມື້ເນົານີ້ ພຣະສົງສາມະເນນ ຈະເນົາຢູ່ໃນວັດ ເພື່ອສູດມົງຄຸນໃຫ້ພອນ (ສູດລົດນ້ໍາ), ຝ່າຍຄາລະວາດກໍຈະພ້ອມພາກັນຈັດແຫ່ນາງສັງຂານ ທີ່ໄດ້ປະກວດຄັດເລືອກມາແລ້ວ, ແລະ ການແຫ່ມະໂຫລະສົບຕ່າງໆ ປະເພນີນີ້ນິຍົມປະຕິບັດຄ້າຍຄືກັນໃນທົ່ວປະເທດ. ແຕ່ທີ່ພິເສດກວ່າໝູ່ແມ່ນຢູ່ແຂວງຫລວງພະບາງ ເພາະເພິ່ນມີການອັງເຊີນເອົາອົງພຣະ “ພຸດທະລາວັນ” (ພຣະບາງ) ອອກໃຫ້ມວນຊົນໄດ້ສັກກາລະບູຊາ ແລະ ຫົດສົງ.

ຂະບວນແຫ່ພະບາງນີ້ເອີ້ນວ່າ ແຫ່ຫວໍ່ ອັນປະກອບມີຂະບວນແຫ່ອົງພຣະບາງ, ປູ່ເຍີ-ຍ່າເຍີ, ພຣະສົງສາມະເນນ, ພຸດທະຄຳພີ, ຂະບວນນາງແກ້ວ, ຕົວລະຄອນໃນເລື່ອງພະລັກ-ພະລາມ, ຂະບວນມະໂຫລີ-ປີ່ພາດ, ຂະບວນແຫ່ສຽນ (ຫົວ) ທ້າວກະບິນລະພົມ, ນາງສັງຂານ, ຂະບວນບ່າວສາວ ແລະ ຂະບວນມະຫາຊົນຢ່າງອະເນກອະນັນຕາທີ່ຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ ເຊິ່ງນັບວ່າ ເປັນພິທີແຫ່ທີ່ງົດງາມ ແລະ ຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດ.

ວັນສັງຂານຕ໌ຂຶ້ນ: ເປັນມື້ຂຶ້ນປີໃໝ່ລາວ ແລະ ປີຈຸນລະສັກກະລາດ ຈະເລື່ອນຕົວເລກຂຶ້ນອີກໜຶ່ງປີ ກໍເປັນມື້ສຸດທ້າຍຂອງການສະຫລອງປີໃໝ່ລາວ. ນອກນີ້ແລ້ວມື້ສັງຂານຂຶ້ນ ຫລື ມື້ຂຶ້ນປີໃໝ່ ຍັງເປັນວັນໂຮມຍາດຕິພີ່ນ້ອງ ເຊິ່ງຊາວລາວຈະຖືເອົາໂອກາດນີ້ ເປັນການສົມມາຜູ້ມີພະຄຸນຂອງຕົນ ອັນມີ ພໍ່-ແມ່, ຜູ້ເຖົ້າຜູ້ແກ່ປະຈຳວົງຕະກູນ ແລະ ບຸກຄົນທີ່ເຮົາເຄົາລົບ.&lt;ref&gt;https://lnr.org.la/ບຸນປີໃຫມ່ລາວບຸນເດືອນ໕/&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lzkz8ws8avlrlzpwyh8rmx78efrribp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ເອັນເອຊເຄ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>10227</id>
    <revision>
      <id>127416</id>
      <parentid>127412</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-14T05:25:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nation wiki 2026</username>
        <id>22610</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Regional Stations */Added Links</comment>
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      <text bytes="6064" sha1="ls6djn5ruxheishzap8rsgovdg9294q" xml:space="preserve">{{ຂະຫຍາຍ}}

'''ບໍລິສັດການກະຈາຍສຽງແລະແຜ່ພາບແຫ່ງຍີ່ປຸ່ນ''' (日本放送協会, Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai) ({{langx|en|Japan Broadcasting Corporation}}; ຊື່ຫຍໍ້: ເອັນເອຊເຄ, NHK) ແມ່ນ[[ອົງກອນ]][[ບໍລິການກະຈາຍສຽງແລະແຜ່ພາບສາທາລະນະ]]ຂອງ[[ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ]]ແລະມີຖານະເປັນໜ່ວຍງານສື່ສານມວນຊົນລະດັບແຫ່ງຊາດ ໂດຍມີລາຍໄດ້ຈາກການຊຳລະຄ່າທຳນຽມ ຈາກຄົວເຮືອນທີ່ມີເຄື່ອງຮັບໂທລະພາບ ແລະເຄື່ອງຮັບວິທະຍຸກະຈາຍສຽງ ໃນອັດຕາເຄື່ອງລະປະມານ 12 [[ໂດລາສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ]] ຕໍ່ປີ

==Television Channel==

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! colspan=8|Digital Channel
|-
! Number Channel
! Logo
! Name
! Launched
! Language
! Multiplex
! Format
! Broadcast Hour
|-
| 3
| [[File:STMB TV3.png|156px]]
| [[:ms:TV3|TV3]] (Malaysia) 
| 1 June 1984
| [[:en:Malay Language|Melayu]]
[[:en:English Language|English]] [[:en:Hindi|Hindi]] [[:en:Indonesian Language|Indonesian]] and [[:en:Korean Language|Korean]]
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | MUX 3
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | [[:en:HDTV|HDTV]] ([[:en:16:9|16:9]] [[:en:1080i|1080i]]) 
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | 24 Horus
|-
| 34
| [[File:VTV4 logo 2013 final.svg|150px]]
| [[:en:VTV4|VTV4]]
| 1 January 1998
| [[:en:Vietnamese Language|Vietnamese]]
|-
| 9
| [[File:TRT Müzik.svg|153px]]
| [[:tr:TRT Müzik|TRT Müzik]]
| 16 November 2009
| [[:en:Turkish Language|Turkish]]
|-
| 26
| [[File:Samira TV logo.svg|154px]]
| [[:fr:Samira TV|Samira TV]]
| 11 July 2013
| [[:en:Arabic language|Arabic]]
|-
| 16
| [[File:Tagesschau24 Cornerlogo 2012.svg|154px]]
| [[:de:Tagesschau24|Tagesschau24]] 
| 30 August 1997
| [[:en:German Language|German]] 
|-
| 22
| [[File:Šport logo.svg|123px]]
| [[:sk:Šport (STVR)|Šport]]
| 20 December 2021
| [[:en:Slovak Language|Slovak]]
|- 
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Regional Stations
|-
! Number Channel
! Logo
! Name
! Relay stations
! Language 
! UHF Frequency
! Format
! Broadcast Hour
|-
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; | 20
| [[File:SR Fernsehen Logo 2023.svg|155px]]
| [[:de:SR Fernsehen|SR Fernsehen]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | No
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[:de:German Language|German]]
| 29 (Orkney), 43 (Trentino), 28 (Constanța), 34 (Brașovului), 46 (Piacenza) 
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; | [[:en:HDTV|HDTV]] ([[:en:16:9|16:9]] [[:en:1080i|1080i]]) 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 24 Hours
|-
| [[File:Logo Radio Bremen TV.svg|149px]]
| [[:de:Radio Bremen TV|Radio Bremen TV]]
| 38 (Shetland), 39 (Neuquén), 26 (Kohalpur), 27 (Cajamarca), 26 (Stars Zagora), 47 (Paulista)
|-
| [[File:TVR Timișoara logo 2022.svg|149px]]
| [[:ro:TVR Timișoara|TVR Timișoara]]
| [[:en:Romanian language|Romanian]]
| 36 (Cochabamba), 39 (Ouargla), 32 (Qyzylorda), 44 (Buskerud)
|-
| [[File:Bangladesh Television logo.svg|150px]]
| [[:bn:বিটিভি চট্টগ্রাম|BTV Chattogram]]
| [[:en:Bengali language|Bengali]]
| 29 (Niederdeutsche), 27 (Steiermark), 48 (Dis Yay Orta Dalga), 37 (Cabo Delgado)  
|}

==Radio Stations==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Number
! width=&quot;120&quot;| Logo
! width=&quot;200&quot; | Name
! width=&quot;55&quot;| Launched
! Language
! Frequency MHz
! Frequency KHz
! DAB+
! Internet
|- 
| 1
| [[File:TRT Radyo 1 logo.svg|140px]]
| [[:tr:TRT Radyo 1|TRT Radyo 1]]
| 9 September 1974
| [[:en:Turkish Language|Turkish]]
| 103.4
| 1054
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| 13B
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| Yes
|-
| 2
| [[File:NDR Blue Logo.svg|146px]]
| [[:de:NDR Blue|NDR Blue]]
| 2 May 2008
| [[:en:German Language|German]]
|   -
|   -
|-
| 3
| 
| [[:ms:Red FM (Sarawak)|Red FM]] (Sarawak) 
| 
| [[:en:English Language|English]], and [[:en:Chinese Language|Chinese]]
| 102.4
| -
|-
| 4
| [[File:Antenne Saar Logo 2023.svg|120px]]
| [[:de:Antenne Saar|Antenne Saar]]
| 12 December 2005
| [[:en:German language|German]]
| -
| -
|-
| 5
| [[File:Radio Kultura (2022).svg|126px]]
| [[:uk:Радіо Культура|Radio Kultura]] (Ukraine) 
| 1 January 2003
| [[:en:Ukrainian Language|Ukrainian]]
| 99.6
|  -
|}
==Regional Stations==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Number
! width=&quot;120&quot;| Logo
! width=&quot;200&quot; | Name
! width=&quot;55&quot;| Language
! Relay Stations
! Frequency MHz
! Frequency KHz
! Internet 
|-
| 1
|
| [[:fr:Radio algérienne|Radio El Bahdja]]
| Arabic
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | No
| 88.3 (Sibiului), 106.3 (Bouaké), 102.1 (Gjirokastra) 
|     -
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | Yes
|-
| 2
| [[File:MMR logo 2015.png|124px]]
| [[:sl:Pomurski madžarski radio|Pomurski madžarski radio]] (MMR) 
| Hungarian
| 100.5 (Shetland), 92.8 (Neuquén), 88.4 (Kohalpur) DAB+ 9B (Neuquén) 
|     - 
|-
| 3
| [[File:Rai Radio Trst A - Logo 2017.svg|120px]]
| [[:it:Rai Radio Trst A|Rai Radio Trst A]]
| Slovenian
| AntenneSaar
| 95.3 (Cochabamba), 105.3 (Ouargla), 106.1 (Qyzylorda)
|       -
|-
| 4
| 
| [[:en:Voice of Vietnam|VOV GT TP.HCM.]]
| Vietnamese
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | No
| 88.5 (Niederdeutsche), 106.3 (Steiermark), 88.9 (Khozestan)  
|      - 
|-
| 5
| [[File:Logo Radio România București FM (2008).svg|123px]]
| [[:ro:Radio România București FM|Radio România București FM]]
| Romanian
| 94.7 (Trentino Metropolitan)
|      -
|-
| 5
| [[File:Ici Pays de Savoie.svg|123px]]
| [[:fr:ici Pays de Savoie|Ici Pays de Savoie]]
| French
| AntenneSaar
| 94.2 (Dis Yay Orta Dalga), 105.0 (Cabo Delgado), 94.3 (Buskerud)
|    -
|-
| 6
| [[File:Ici Béarn Bigorre.svg|124px]]
| [[:fr:ici Béarn Bigorre|ici Béarn Bigorre]]
| French
| AntenneSaar
| 107.0 (Cajamarca), 89.8 (Stars Zagora), 94.2 (Paulista) DAB+ 10A (Cajamarca) 
|   -
|}

==ປະຫວັດ==

[[ໝວດ:ສື່ມວນຊົນ]]
[[ໝວດ:ສະຖານີໂທລະພາບໃນປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ]]
[[ໝວດ:ຜູ້ຜະລິດລາຍການຂ່າວ]]
[[ໝວດ:ການແຜ່ສັນຍານ]]</text>
      <sha1>ls6djn5ruxheishzap8rsgovdg9294q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>127417</id>
      <parentid>127416</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-14T05:49:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nation wiki 2026</username>
        <id>22610</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Radio Stations */Added Links</comment>
      <origin>127417</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6537" sha1="goos5khr7vzjx4nilydlno9yjlj8chp" xml:space="preserve">{{ຂະຫຍາຍ}}

'''ບໍລິສັດການກະຈາຍສຽງແລະແຜ່ພາບແຫ່ງຍີ່ປຸ່ນ''' (日本放送協会, Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai) ({{langx|en|Japan Broadcasting Corporation}}; ຊື່ຫຍໍ້: ເອັນເອຊເຄ, NHK) ແມ່ນ[[ອົງກອນ]][[ບໍລິການກະຈາຍສຽງແລະແຜ່ພາບສາທາລະນະ]]ຂອງ[[ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ]]ແລະມີຖານະເປັນໜ່ວຍງານສື່ສານມວນຊົນລະດັບແຫ່ງຊາດ ໂດຍມີລາຍໄດ້ຈາກການຊຳລະຄ່າທຳນຽມ ຈາກຄົວເຮືອນທີ່ມີເຄື່ອງຮັບໂທລະພາບ ແລະເຄື່ອງຮັບວິທະຍຸກະຈາຍສຽງ ໃນອັດຕາເຄື່ອງລະປະມານ 12 [[ໂດລາສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ]] ຕໍ່ປີ

==Television Channel==

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! colspan=8|Digital Channel
|-
! Number Channel
! Logo
! Name
! Launched
! Language
! Multiplex
! Format
! Broadcast Hour
|-
| 3
| [[File:STMB TV3.png|156px]]
| [[:ms:TV3|TV3]] (Malaysia) 
| 1 June 1984
| [[:en:Malay Language|Melayu]]
[[:en:English Language|English]] [[:en:Hindi|Hindi]] [[:en:Indonesian Language|Indonesian]] and [[:en:Korean Language|Korean]]
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | MUX 3
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | [[:en:HDTV|HDTV]] ([[:en:16:9|16:9]] [[:en:1080i|1080i]]) 
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | 24 Horus
|-
| 34
| [[File:VTV4 logo 2013 final.svg|150px]]
| [[:en:VTV4|VTV4]]
| 1 January 1998
| [[:en:Vietnamese Language|Vietnamese]]
|-
| 9
| [[File:TRT Müzik.svg|153px]]
| [[:tr:TRT Müzik|TRT Müzik]]
| 16 November 2009
| [[:en:Turkish Language|Turkish]]
|-
| 26
| [[File:Samira TV logo.svg|154px]]
| [[:fr:Samira TV|Samira TV]]
| 11 July 2013
| [[:en:Arabic language|Arabic]]
|-
| 16
| [[File:Tagesschau24 Cornerlogo 2012.svg|154px]]
| [[:de:Tagesschau24|Tagesschau24]] 
| 30 August 1997
| [[:en:German Language|German]] 
|-
| 22
| [[File:Šport logo.svg|123px]]
| [[:sk:Šport (STVR)|Šport]]
| 20 December 2021
| [[:en:Slovak Language|Slovak]]
|- 
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Regional Stations
|-
! Number Channel
! Logo
! Name
! Relay stations
! Language 
! UHF Frequency
! Format
! Broadcast Hour
|-
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; | 20
| [[File:SR Fernsehen Logo 2023.svg|155px]]
| [[:de:SR Fernsehen|SR Fernsehen]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | No
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[:de:German Language|German]]
| 29 (Orkney), 43 (Trentino), 28 (Constanța), 34 (Brașovului), 46 (Piacenza) 
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; | [[:en:HDTV|HDTV]] ([[:en:16:9|16:9]] [[:en:1080i|1080i]]) 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 24 Hours
|-
| [[File:Logo Radio Bremen TV.svg|149px]]
| [[:de:Radio Bremen TV|Radio Bremen TV]]
| 38 (Shetland), 39 (Neuquén), 26 (Kohalpur), 27 (Cajamarca), 26 (Stars Zagora), 47 (Paulista)
|-
| [[File:TVR Timișoara logo 2022.svg|149px]]
| [[:ro:TVR Timișoara|TVR Timișoara]]
| [[:en:Romanian language|Romanian]]
| 36 (Cochabamba), 39 (Ouargla), 32 (Qyzylorda), 44 (Buskerud)
|-
| [[File:Bangladesh Television logo.svg|150px]]
| [[:bn:বিটিভি চট্টগ্রাম|BTV Chattogram]]
| [[:en:Bengali language|Bengali]]
| 29 (Niederdeutsche), 27 (Steiermark), 48 (Dis Yay Orta Dalga), 37 (Cabo Delgado)  
|}

==Radio Stations==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Number
! width=&quot;120&quot;| Logo
! width=&quot;200&quot; | Name
! width=&quot;55&quot;| Launched
! Language
! Frequency MHz
! Frequency KHz
! DAB+
! Internet
|- 
| 1
| [[File:TRT Radyo 1 logo.svg|140px]]
| [[:tr:TRT Radyo 1|TRT Radyo 1]]
| 9 September 1974
| [[:en:Turkish Language|Turkish]]
| 103.4
|   -
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| 13B
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| Yes
|-
| 2
| [[File:NDR Blue Logo.svg|146px]]
| [[:de:NDR Blue|NDR Blue]]
| 2 May 2008
| [[:en:German Language|German]]
|   -
|   -
|-
| 3
| 
| [[:ms:Red FM (Sarawak)|Red FM]] (Sarawak) 
| 
| [[:en:English Language|English]], and [[:en:Chinese Language|Chinese]]
| 102.4
| -
|-
| 4
| [[File:Antenne Saar Logo 2023.svg|120px]]
| [[:de:Antenne Saar|Antenne Saar]]
| 12 December 2005
| [[:en:German language|German]]
| -
| -
|-
| 5
| [[File:Radio Kultura (2022).svg|126px]]
| [[:uk:Радіо Культура|Radio Kultura]] (Ukraine) 
| 1 January 2003
| [[:en:Ukrainian Language|Ukrainian]]
| 99.6
|  -
|-
! colspan=9 | International Stations
|-
! Number
! Logo
! Name
! Launched
! Language
! Frequency KHz (MW) 
! Frequency KHz (SW) 
! Frequency MHz
! Internet
|-
| 1
| [[File:Chaîne inter.png|123px]]
| [[:fr:Chaîne Inter|Chaîne Inter]]
| 23 March 2009
| [[:en:French Language|French]], [[:en:Arabic language|Arabic]], [[:en:Spainsh language|Spainsh]] and [[:en:English Language|English]]
| 634, 983, 1036
| 6812, 9812 &amp; 10114
|     -
| Yes
|}

===International Stations===

==Regional Stations==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Number
! width=&quot;120&quot;| Logo
! width=&quot;200&quot; | Name
! width=&quot;55&quot;| Language
! Relay Stations
! Frequency MHz
! Frequency KHz
! Internet 
|-
| 1
|
| [[:fr:Radio algérienne|Radio El Bahdja]]
| Arabic
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | No
| 88.3 (Sibiului), 106.3 (Bouaké), 102.1 (Gjirokastra) 
|     -
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | Yes
|-
| 2
| [[File:MMR logo 2015.png|124px]]
| [[:sl:Pomurski madžarski radio|Pomurski madžarski radio]] (MMR) 
| Hungarian
| 100.5 (Shetland), 92.8 (Neuquén), 88.4 (Kohalpur) DAB+ 9B (Neuquén) 
|     - 
|-
| 3
| [[File:Rai Radio Trst A - Logo 2017.svg|120px]]
| [[:it:Rai Radio Trst A|Rai Radio Trst A]]
| Slovenian
| AntenneSaar
| 95.3 (Cochabamba), 105.3 (Ouargla), 106.1 (Qyzylorda)
|       -
|-
| 4
| 
| [[:en:Voice of Vietnam|VOV GT TP.HCM.]]
| Vietnamese
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | No
| 88.5 (Niederdeutsche), 106.3 (Steiermark), 88.9 (Khozestan)  
|      - 
|-
| 5
| [[File:Logo Radio România București FM (2008).svg|123px]]
| [[:ro:Radio România București FM|Radio România București FM]]
| Romanian
| 94.7 (Trentino Metropolitan)
|      -
|-
| 5
| [[File:Ici Pays de Savoie.svg|123px]]
| [[:fr:ici Pays de Savoie|Ici Pays de Savoie]]
| French
| AntenneSaar
| 94.2 (Dis Yay Orta Dalga), 105.0 (Cabo Delgado), 94.3 (Buskerud)
|    -
|-
| 6
| [[File:Ici Béarn Bigorre.svg|124px]]
| [[:fr:ici Béarn Bigorre|ici Béarn Bigorre]]
| French
| AntenneSaar
| 107.0 (Cajamarca), 89.8 (Stars Zagora), 94.2 (Paulista) DAB+ 10A (Cajamarca) 
|   -
|}

==ປະຫວັດ==

[[ໝວດ:ສື່ມວນຊົນ]]
[[ໝວດ:ສະຖານີໂທລະພາບໃນປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ]]
[[ໝວດ:ຜູ້ຜະລິດລາຍການຂ່າວ]]
[[ໝວດ:ການແຜ່ສັນຍານ]]</text>
      <sha1>goos5khr7vzjx4nilydlno9yjlj8chp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>127418</id>
      <parentid>127417</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-14T06:18:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nation wiki 2026</username>
        <id>22610</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Delete</comment>
      <origin>127418</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6507" sha1="i39a2gjhlt5n5u8rc75eln6bdpe708c" xml:space="preserve">{{ຂະຫຍາຍ}}

'''ບໍລິສັດການກະຈາຍສຽງແລະແຜ່ພາບແຫ່ງຍີ່ປຸ່ນ''' (日本放送協会, Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai) ({{langx|en|Japan Broadcasting Corporation}}; ຊື່ຫຍໍ້: ເອັນເອຊເຄ, NHK) ແມ່ນ[[ອົງກອນ]][[ບໍລິການກະຈາຍສຽງແລະແຜ່ພາບສາທາລະນະ]]ຂອງ[[ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ]]ແລະມີຖານະເປັນໜ່ວຍງານສື່ສານມວນຊົນລະດັບແຫ່ງຊາດ ໂດຍມີລາຍໄດ້ຈາກການຊຳລະຄ່າທຳນຽມ ຈາກຄົວເຮືອນທີ່ມີເຄື່ອງຮັບໂທລະພາບ ແລະເຄື່ອງຮັບວິທະຍຸກະຈາຍສຽງ ໃນອັດຕາເຄື່ອງລະປະມານ 12 [[ໂດລາສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ]] ຕໍ່ປີ

==Television Channel==

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! colspan=8|Digital Channel
|-
! Number Channel
! Logo
! Name
! Launched
! Language
! Multiplex
! Format
! Broadcast Hour
|-
| 3
| [[File:STMB TV3.png|156px]]
| [[:ms:TV3|TV3]] (Malaysia) 
| 1 June 1984
| [[:en:Malay Language|Melayu]]
[[:en:English Language|English]] [[:en:Hindi|Hindi]] [[:en:Indonesian Language|Indonesian]] and [[:en:Korean Language|Korean]]
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | MUX 3
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | [[:en:HDTV|HDTV]] ([[:en:16:9|16:9]] [[:en:1080i|1080i]]) 
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | 24 Horus
|-
| 34
| [[File:VTV4 logo 2013 final.svg|150px]]
| [[:en:VTV4|VTV4]]
| 1 January 1998
| [[:en:Vietnamese Language|Vietnamese]]
|-
| 9
| [[File:TRT Müzik.svg|153px]]
| [[:tr:TRT Müzik|TRT Müzik]]
| 16 November 2009
| [[:en:Turkish Language|Turkish]]
|-
| 26
| [[File:Samira TV logo.svg|154px]]
| [[:fr:Samira TV|Samira TV]]
| 11 July 2013
| [[:en:Arabic language|Arabic]]
|-
| 16
| [[File:Tagesschau24 Cornerlogo 2012.svg|154px]]
| [[:de:Tagesschau24|Tagesschau24]] 
| 30 August 1997
| [[:en:German Language|German]] 
|-
| 22
| [[File:Šport logo.svg|123px]]
| [[:sk:Šport (STVR)|Šport]]
| 20 December 2021
| [[:en:Slovak Language|Slovak]]
|- 
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Regional Stations
|-
! Number Channel
! Logo
! Name
! Relay stations
! Language 
! UHF Frequency
! Format
! Broadcast Hour
|-
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; | 20
| [[File:SR Fernsehen Logo 2023.svg|155px]]
| [[:de:SR Fernsehen|SR Fernsehen]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | No
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[:de:German Language|German]]
| 29 (Orkney), 43 (Trentino), 28 (Constanța), 34 (Brașovului), 46 (Piacenza) 
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; | [[:en:HDTV|HDTV]] ([[:en:16:9|16:9]] [[:en:1080i|1080i]]) 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 24 Hours
|-
| [[File:Logo Radio Bremen TV.svg|149px]]
| [[:de:Radio Bremen TV|Radio Bremen TV]]
| 38 (Shetland), 39 (Neuquén), 26 (Kohalpur), 27 (Cajamarca), 26 (Stars Zagora), 47 (Paulista)
|-
| [[File:TVR Timișoara logo 2022.svg|149px]]
| [[:ro:TVR Timișoara|TVR Timișoara]]
| [[:en:Romanian language|Romanian]]
| 36 (Cochabamba), 39 (Ouargla), 32 (Qyzylorda), 44 (Buskerud)
|-
| [[File:Bangladesh Television logo.svg|150px]]
| [[:bn:বিটিভি চট্টগ্রাম|BTV Chattogram]]
| [[:en:Bengali language|Bengali]]
| 29 (Niederdeutsche), 27 (Steiermark), 48 (Dis Yay Orta Dalga), 37 (Cabo Delgado)  
|}

==Radio Stations==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Number
! width=&quot;120&quot;| Logo
! width=&quot;200&quot; | Name
! width=&quot;55&quot;| Launched
! Language
! Frequency MHz
! Frequency KHz
! DAB+
! Internet
|- 
| 1
| [[File:TRT Radyo 1 logo.svg|140px]]
| [[:tr:TRT Radyo 1|TRT Radyo 1]]
| 9 September 1974
| [[:en:Turkish Language|Turkish]]
| 103.4
|   -
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| 13B
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| Yes
|-
| 2
| [[File:NDR Blue Logo.svg|146px]]
| [[:de:NDR Blue|NDR Blue]]
| 2 May 2008
| [[:en:German Language|German]]
|   -
|   -
|-
| 3
| 
| [[:ms:Red FM (Sarawak)|Red FM]] (Sarawak) 
| 
| [[:en:English Language|English]], and [[:en:Chinese Language|Chinese]]
| 102.4
| -
|-
| 4
| [[File:Antenne Saar Logo 2023.svg|120px]]
| [[:de:Antenne Saar|Antenne Saar]]
| 12 December 2005
| [[:en:German language|German]]
| -
| -
|-
| 5
| [[File:Radio Kultura (2022).svg|126px]]
| [[:uk:Радіо Культура|Radio Kultura]] (Ukraine) 
| 1 January 2003
| [[:en:Ukrainian Language|Ukrainian]]
| 99.6
|  -
|-
! colspan=9 | International Stations
|-
! Number
! Logo
! Name
! Launched
! Language
! Frequency KHz (MW) 
! Frequency KHz (SW) 
! Frequency MHz
! Internet
|-
| 1
| [[File:Chaîne inter.png|123px]]
| [[:fr:Chaîne Inter|Chaîne Inter]]
| 23 March 2009
| [[:en:French Language|French]], [[:en:Arabic language|Arabic]], [[:en:Spainsh language|Spainsh]] and [[:en:English Language|English]]
| 634, 983, 1036
| 6812, 9812 &amp; 10114
|     -
| Yes
|}

==Regional Stations==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Number
! width=&quot;120&quot;| Logo
! width=&quot;200&quot; | Name
! width=&quot;55&quot;| Language
! Relay Stations
! Frequency MHz
! Frequency KHz
! Internet 
|-
| 1
|
| [[:fr:Radio algérienne|Radio El Bahdja]]
| Arabic
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | No
| 88.3 (Sibiului), 106.3 (Bouaké), 102.1 (Gjirokastra) 
|     -
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | Yes
|-
| 2
| [[File:MMR logo 2015.png|124px]]
| [[:sl:Pomurski madžarski radio|Pomurski madžarski radio]] (MMR) 
| Hungarian
| 100.5 (Shetland), 92.8 (Neuquén), 88.4 (Kohalpur) DAB+ 9B (Neuquén) 
|     - 
|-
| 3
| [[File:Rai Radio Trst A - Logo 2017.svg|120px]]
| [[:it:Rai Radio Trst A|Rai Radio Trst A]]
| Slovenian
| AntenneSaar
| 95.3 (Cochabamba), 105.3 (Ouargla), 106.1 (Qyzylorda)
|       -
|-
| 4
| 
| [[:en:Voice of Vietnam|VOV GT TP.HCM.]]
| Vietnamese
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | No
| 88.5 (Niederdeutsche), 106.3 (Steiermark), 88.9 (Khozestan)  
|      - 
|-
| 5
| [[File:Logo Radio România București FM (2008).svg|123px]]
| [[:ro:Radio România București FM|Radio România București FM]]
| Romanian
| 94.7 (Trentino Metropolitan)
|      -
|-
| 5
| [[File:Ici Pays de Savoie.svg|123px]]
| [[:fr:ici Pays de Savoie|Ici Pays de Savoie]]
| French
| AntenneSaar
| 94.2 (Dis Yay Orta Dalga), 105.0 (Cabo Delgado), 94.3 (Buskerud)
|    -
|-
| 6
| [[File:Ici Béarn Bigorre.svg|124px]]
| [[:fr:ici Béarn Bigorre|ici Béarn Bigorre]]
| French
| AntenneSaar
| 107.0 (Cajamarca), 89.8 (Stars Zagora), 94.2 (Paulista) DAB+ 10A (Cajamarca) 
|   -
|}

==ປະຫວັດ==

[[ໝວດ:ສື່ມວນຊົນ]]
[[ໝວດ:ສະຖານີໂທລະພາບໃນປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ]]
[[ໝວດ:ຜູ້ຜະລິດລາຍການຂ່າວ]]
[[ໝວດ:ການແຜ່ສັນຍານ]]</text>
      <sha1>i39a2gjhlt5n5u8rc75eln6bdpe708c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ວິກິພີເດຍ:ຂ່າວສານ/ລວບລວມ/2019</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>18303</id>
    <revision>
      <id>127422</id>
      <parentid>97523</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-14T11:43:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>113</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Logo_for_the_beta_feature_FileExporter.svg with [[File:Logo_for_FileExporter.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Has been a default feature si</comment>
      <origin>127422</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31441" sha1="0f8v8vyprg5wkwkcp6a5f9wk7fgdx1m" xml:space="preserve">{{ລວບລວມ}}
== FileExporter beta feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
[[File:Logo for FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]]
A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature.

The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. 

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ໐໙:໔໑, ໑໔ ມັງກອນ ໒໐໑໙ (UTC)
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== No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;
໑໘:໔໗, ໑໖ ມັງກອນ ໒໐໑໙ (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/201901ReadOnly/Targets4&amp;oldid=18789232 --&gt;

== Talk to us about talking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt=&quot;￼icon depicting two speech Bubbles&quot;|frameless|right|120px]]
The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication.

We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices.

We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives.

We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help.

'''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.'''

You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do:  
# First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]]  
# Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group.  This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback.  
# Then ask people what they think about communication processes.  We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki.  Please consider asking these five questions:
## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you?
## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them?
## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages?
## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations?
## What are the important aspects of a &quot;wiki discussion&quot;?
# Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group.  Please include links if the discussion is available to the public.

'''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.'''

Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]].

You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer.

Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you.
&lt;/div&gt; [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ໑໕:໐໑, ໒໑ ກຸມພາ ໒໐໑໙ (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013)
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor &amp; Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ໑໗:໔໐, ໑໓ ມີນາ ໒໐໑໙ (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ໑໐:໕໖, ໘ ເມສາ ໒໐໑໙ (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=18979889 --&gt;

== Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request ==

{{int:please-translate}}

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) ໑໗:໓໕, ໑໒ ເມສາ ໒໐໑໙ (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=18998727 --&gt;

== Editing News #1—July 2019 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
&lt;big&gt;'''Did you know?'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?

Every article has a pencil icon at the top.  Tap on the pencil icon [[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|frameless|16x16px]] to start editing.  

'''&lt;big&gt;Edit Cards&lt;/big&gt;'''

[[File:EditCards-v.20.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

This is what the new '''Edit Cards for editing links''' in the mobile visual editor look like. You can try the prototype here: '''[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].'''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Welcome back to the [[mw:Editing|Editing]] newsletter.

Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|the last newsletter]], the team has released two new features for the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|mobile visual editor]] and has started developing three more.  All of this work is part of the team's goal to [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2018-2019/Audiences#Outcome 3: Mobile Contribution|make editing on mobile web simpler]].  

Before talking about the team's recent releases, we have a question for you:  

&lt;strong&gt;Are you willing to try a new way to add and change links?&lt;/strong&gt;

If you are interested, we would value your input!  You can try this new link tool in the mobile visual editor on a separate wiki. 

&lt;em&gt;Follow these instructions and share your experience:&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].&lt;/strong&gt;

=== Recent releases ===
The mobile visual editor is a simpler editing tool, for smartphones and tablets using the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile#About|mobile site]].  The Editing team recently launched two new features to improve the mobile visual editor: 

# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|Section editing]]
#* The purpose is to help contributors focus on their edits.
#* The team studied this with an A/B test.  [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing#16 June 2019|This test showed]] that contributors who could use section editing were '''1% more likely to publish''' the edits they started than people with only full-page editing.
# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#March 1, 2019|Loading overlay]]
#* The purpose is to smooth the transition between reading and editing.

Section editing and the new loading overlay are '''now available to everyone''' using the mobile visual editor.

=== New and active projects ===
This is a list of our most active projects. [[mw:Help:Watching pages|Watch]] these pages to learn about project updates and to share your input on new designs, prototypes and research findings.

*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit cards]]: This is a clearer way to add and edit links, citations, images, templates, etc. in articles.  You can try this feature now.  &lt;em&gt;Go here to see how:&lt;/em&gt; [[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 &lt;em&gt;Try Edit Cards&lt;/em&gt;]].
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Mobile toolbar refresh]]: This project will learn if contributors are more successful when the editing tools are easier to recognize.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|Mobile visual editor availability]]: This A/B test asks:  ''Are newer contributors more successful if they use the mobile visual editor?''  We are collaborating with [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default#26 June 2019 %E2%80%93 Participating wikis and test start date|20 Wikipedias]] to answer this question.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Usability improvements|Usability improvements]]: This project will make the mobile visual editor easier to use.  The goal is to let contributors stay focused on editing and to feel more confident in the editing tools.

=== Looking ahead ===

* '''Wikimania:'''  Several members of the Editing Team will be attending [[wmania:|Wikimania]] in August 2019.  They will lead a session about mobile editing in the [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|Community Growth space]].  Talk to the team about how editing can be improved.
* '''Talk Pages:'''  In the coming months, the Editing Team will begin [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|improving talk pages]] and communication on the wikis.

=== Learning more ===
The [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|VisualEditor on mobile]] is a good place to learn more about the projects we are working on. The team wants to talk with you about anything related to editing. If you have something to say or ask, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

[[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 
&lt;/div&gt; ໑໘:໓໒, ໒໓ ກໍລະກົດ ໒໐໑໙ (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=19175117 --&gt;

== Update on the consultation about office actions ==

Hello all, 

Last month, the Wikimedia Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_152#Announcement_of_forthcoming_temporary_and_partial_ban_tool_consultation|announced]] a future consultation about partial and/or temporary [[m:Special:MyLanguage/office actions|office actions]]. We want to let you know that the '''draft version''' of this consultation has now been [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|posted on Meta]]. 

This is a '''draft'''. It is not intended to be the consultation itself, which will be posted on Meta likely in early September. Please do not treat this draft as a consultation. Instead, we ask your assistance in forming the final language for the consultation.

For that end, we would like your input over the next couple of weeks about what questions the consultation should ask about partial and temporary Foundation office action bans and how it should be formatted. '''[[:m:Talk:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|Please post it on the draft talk page]]'''. Our goal is to provide space for the community to discuss all the aspects of these office actions that need to be discussed, and we want to ensure with your feedback that the consultation is presented in the best way to encourage frank and constructive conversation.

Please visit [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|the consultation draft on Meta-wiki]] and leave your comments on the draft’s talk page about what the consultation should look like and what questions it should ask. 

Thank you for your input! -- The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety|Trust &amp; Safety team]] ໐໘:໐໓, ໑໖ ສິງຫາ ໒໐໑໙ (UTC)
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== New tools and IP masking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hey everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling.

We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment.

You can post in your language if you can't write in English.
[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ໑໔:໑໘, ໒໑ ສິງຫາ ໒໐໑໙ (UTC)
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== The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Hello, 

In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to &quot;re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)&quot;.

Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. 

How can you help?

* Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset);

* Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or

* Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans.

We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation!

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] ໑໗:໑໔, ໓໐ ກັນຍາ ໒໐໑໙ (UTC)
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== Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. The Readers Web team at the WMF will work on some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|improvements to the desktop interface]] over the next couple of years. The goal is to increase usability without removing any functionality. We have been inspired by changes made by volunteers, but that currently only exist as local gadgets and user scripts, prototypes, and volunteer-led skins. We would like to begin the process of bringing some of these changes into the default experience on all Wikimedia projects. 

We are currently in the research stage of this project and are looking for ideas for improvements, as well as feedback on our current ideas and mockups.  So far, we have performed interviews with community members at Wikimania. We have gathered lists of previous volunteer and WMF work in this area. We are examining possible technical approaches for such changes.  

We would like individual feedback on the following:

* Identifying focus areas for the project we have not yet discovered
* Expanding the list of existing gadgets and user scripts that are related to providing a better desktop experience. If you can think of some of these from your wiki, please let us know
* Feedback on the ideas and mockups we have collected so far

We would also like to gather a list of wikis that would be interested in being test wikis for this project - these wikis would be the first to receive the updates once we’re ready to start building. 

When giving feedback, please consider the following goals of the project:

* Make it easier for readers to focus on the content
* Provide easier access to everyday actions (e.g. search, language switching, editing)
* Put things in logical and useful places
* Increase consistency in the interface with other platforms - mobile web and the apps
* Eliminate clutter
* Plan for future growth

As well as the following constraints:

* Not touching the content - no work will be done in terms of styling templates or to the structure of page contents themselves
* Not removing any functionality - things might move around, but all navigational items and other functionality currently available by default will remain
* No drastic changes to the layout - we're taking an evolutionary approach to the changes and want the site to continue feeling familiar to readers and editors

Please give all feedback (in any language) at [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements]] 

After this round of feedback, we plan on building a prototype of suggested changes based on the feedback we receive. You’ll hear from us again asking for feedback on this prototype.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[mw:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; ໐໗:໑໘, ໑໖ ຕຸລາ ໒໐໑໙ (UTC)
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== Beta feature &quot;Reference Previews&quot; ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page.

Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]].

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ໐໙:໔໗, ໒໓ ຕຸລາ ໒໐໑໙ (UTC)
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== Editing News #2 – Mobile editing and talk pages ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

Inside this newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] talks about their work on the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]], on [[mw:Talk pages project|the new talk pages project]], and at [[wikimania:|Wikimania 2019]].

=== Help ===
&lt;strong&gt;What talk page interactions do you remember?&lt;/strong&gt; Is it a story about how someone helped you to learn something new? Is it a story about how someone helped you get involved in a group? Something else?  Whatever your story is, we want to hear it!  

Please tell us a story about how you used a talk page.  &lt;mark&gt;Please share a link to a memorable discussion, or describe it on the &lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V8d91yh8gcg404dj|talk page for this project]]&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/mark&gt;  The team wants your examples.  These examples will help everyone develop a shared understanding of what this project should support and encourage.

=== Talk pages project ===
The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk Pages Consultation]] was a global consultation to define better tools for wiki communication. From February through June 2019, more than 500 volunteers on 20 wikis, across 15 languages and multiple projects, came together with members of the Foundation to create a product direction for a set of discussion tools.  The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 2 report|Phase 2 Report]] of the Talk Page Consultation was published in August. It summarizes the product direction the team has started to work on, which you can read more about here: [[mw:Talk pages project|Talk Page Project project page]]. 

The team needs and wants your help at this early stage.  They are starting to develop the first idea. Please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Getting involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page, if you would like to hear about opportunities to participate.

=== Mobile visual editor ===
The Editing team is trying to make it simpler to edit on mobile devices.  The team is changing the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|visual editor on mobile]]. If you have something to say about editing on a mobile device, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit Cards]] ====
[[File:Edit Cards-before-v3-comparison.png|thumb|486x486px|What happens when you click on a link.  The new Edit Card is bigger and has more options for editing links.]]

* On 3 September, the Editing team released [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|version 3 of Edit Cards]]. Anyone could use the new version in the mobile visual editor.
* There is an [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|updated design]] on the Edit Card for adding and modifying links.  There is also a new, [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#2 September 2019 - v3 deployment timing|combined workflow for editing a link's display text and target]].
* Feedback: You can try the new Edit Cards by opening the mobile visual editor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[:mw:Topic:V5rg0cqmikpubmjj|Edit cards talk page]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Toolbar]] ====
[[File:Toolbar-comparison-v1.png|thumb|486px|The editing toolbar is changing in the mobile visual editor.  The old system had two different toolbars.  Now, all the buttons are together.  [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Tell the team what you think about the new toolbar]].]]

* In September, the Editing team updated the mobile visual editor's editing toolbar.  Anyone could see these changes in the mobile visual editor.
** &lt;em&gt;One toolbar:&lt;/em&gt; All of the editing tools are located in one toolbar.  Previously, the toolbar changed when you clicked on different things.
**&lt;em&gt;New navigation:&lt;/em&gt; The buttons for moving forward and backward in the edit flow have changed.
**&lt;em&gt;Seamless switching:&lt;/em&gt; an [[phab:T228159|improved workflow]] for switching between the visual and wikitext modes.
* Feedback: You can try the refreshed toolbar by opening the mobile VisualEditor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Toolbar feedback talk page]].

=== Wikimania ===
The Editing Team attended [[wmania:2019:Program|Wikimania 2019]] in Sweden.  They led a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|the mobile visual editor]] and a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/After Flow: A new direction for improving talk pages|the new talk pages project]].  They tested [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh#v1 prototype|two]] new [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#v3 prototype|features]] in the mobile visual editor with contributors.  You can read more about what the team did and learned in [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#Wikimania Stockholm: Overview|the team's report on Wikimania 2019]].

=== Looking ahead ===

* &lt;strong&gt;Talk Pages Project:&lt;/strong&gt; The team is thinking about the first set of proposed changes.  The team will be working with a few communities to pilot those changes. The best way to stay informed is by adding your username to the list on the project page: [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;Getting involved&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Testing the mobile visual editor as the default:&lt;/strong&gt;  The Editing team plans to post results before the end of the calendar year. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|&lt;strong&gt;VisualEditor as mobile default project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Measuring the impact of Edit Cards:&lt;/strong&gt;  This study asks whether the project helped editors add links and citations.  The Editing team hopes to share results in November.  The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|&lt;strong&gt;Edit Cards project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].

– [[User:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; ໑໑:໑໒, ໒໙ ຕຸລາ ໒໐໑໙ (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/VE_201910/4&amp;oldid=19500850 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0f8v8vyprg5wkwkcp6a5f9wk7fgdx1m</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ຕຳນິນ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>127421</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-14T07:29:09Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Sayako79</username>
        <id>5328</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320943400|Coccinia grandis]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>127421</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2729" sha1="k2q0up52odylxfgxhkw45ga6fu0ct5c" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox||image=Coccinia grandis fruit.jpg|image_caption=Ivy gourd|image2=Baby Watermelon BNC.jpg|image2_caption=Ivy gourd cross section|genus=Coccinia|species=grandis|authority=([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Joachim Otto Voigt|Voigt]]|synonyms={{Collapsible list||
*''Bryonia acerifolia'' &lt;small&gt;D.Dietr.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Bryonia alceifolia'' &lt;small&gt;Willd.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Bryonia barbata'' &lt;small&gt;Buch.-Ham. ex Cogn.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Bryonia grandis'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Bryonia moimoi'' &lt;small&gt;Ser.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Cephalandra grandis'' &lt;small&gt;Kurz&lt;/small&gt;
*''Cephalandra indica'' var. ''palmata'' &lt;small&gt;C.B.Clarke&lt;/small&gt;
*''Cephalandra moghadd'' &lt;small&gt;(Asch.) Broun &amp; Massey&lt;/small&gt;
*''Cephalandra schimperi'' &lt;small&gt;Naudin&lt;/small&gt;
*''Coccinia cordifolia'' var. ''alceifolia'' &lt;small&gt;(Willd.) Cogn.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Coccinia cordifolia'' var. ''wightiana'' &lt;small&gt;Cogn.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Coccinia grandis'' var. ''quinqueangularis'' &lt;small&gt;Miq.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Coccinia helenae'' &lt;small&gt;Buscal. &amp; Muschl.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Coccinia loureiroana'' &lt;small&gt;M.Roem.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Coccinia moghadd'' &lt;small&gt;(J.F.Gmel.) Asch.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Coccinia moimoi'' &lt;small&gt;(Ser.) M.Roem.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Coccinia palmatisecta'' &lt;small&gt;Kotschy&lt;/small&gt;
*''Coccinia schimperi'' &lt;small&gt;Naudin&lt;/small&gt;
*''Coccinia wightiana'' &lt;small&gt;M.Roem.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Cucumis pavel'' &lt;small&gt;Kostel.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Cucumis sativus'' var. ''arakis'' &lt;small&gt;Forssk.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Cucurbita dioica'' &lt;small&gt;Roxb. ex Wight &amp; Arn.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Cucurbita schimperiana'' &lt;small&gt;Hochst. ex Cogn.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Luffa moghadd'' &lt;small&gt;(Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.) Peterm.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Momordica bicolor'' &lt;small&gt;Blume&lt;/small&gt;
*''Momordica covel'' &lt;small&gt;Dennst.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Momordica monadelpha'' &lt;small&gt;Roxb.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Physedra gracilis'' &lt;small&gt;A.Chev.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Turia moghadd'' &lt;small&gt;Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.&lt;/small&gt;
   }}|synonyms_ref=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite POWO |id=291972-1 |title=''Coccinia grandis'' (L.) Voigt |access-date=11 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

'''ຕຳນິນ'''  ເປັນພືດເຄືອເຂດຮ້ອນ. ມັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ມັກເຕີບໃຫຍ່ຢູ່ໃນ ເຂດຮ້ອນ ແລະ ມັກພົບເຫັນຢູ່ໃນລັດຕ່າງໆຂອງອິນເດຍ ບ່ອນທີ່ມັນເປັນສ່ວນໜຶ່ງຂອງອາຫານທ້ອງຖິ່ນ. ຕຳນິນ ຫລື ໃບຕຳນິນ ສາມາດປຸງແຕ່ງເປັນອາຫານຜັກໄດ້.

ໃນອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້, ປູກເພື່ອກິນໃບ ແລະ ໝາກຂອງມັນ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Linney&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=''Coccinia grandis'' (L.) Voight: A new cucurbitaceous weed in Hawai'i}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>k2q0up52odylxfgxhkw45ga6fu0ct5c</sha1>
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