Wikipedia minwiki https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utamo MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.6 first-letter Media Istimewa Rundiang Pangguno Rundiang Pangguno Wikipedia Rundiang Wikipedia Berkas Rundiang Berkas MediaWiki Rundiang MediaWiki Templat Rundiang Templat Bantuan Rundiang Bantuan Kategori Rundiang Kategori Portal Diskusi Portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Rundiang Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 135791 3173218 2774356 2025-06-21T10:42:25Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Achanthiptera | status = | image = Achanthiptera rohrelliformis.jpg | image_caption = ''Achanthiptera rohrelliformis'' | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Achanthiptera''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Achanthiptera}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{stub}} sf2t6i7xui1omn96wsmadp4chy0pey5 0 135795 3173219 2774357 2025-06-21T10:42:28Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Achanthiptera rohrelliformis | status = | image = Achanthiptera rohrelliformis.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Achanthiptera rohrelliformis''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Achanthiptera rohrelliformis}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{stub}} 78j1xoouhn027qetvzrl0o7zjj3v88g 0 135798 3173220 3065713 2025-06-21T10:56:41Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Adia dejeanii | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Adia dejeanii''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q14504969}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adia dejeanii}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{Biologi-stub}} 76wtovywbckqnm4jg32v1pmt55oxkto 0 135801 3173221 3066031 2025-06-21T11:07:00Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Aethiopomyia | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Aethiopomyia''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q14504993}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aethiopomyia}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{Biologi-stub}} 523vhdhssakmkkvnc4x7x99nifm7107 0 135803 3173222 3066032 2025-06-21T11:07:02Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Aethiopomyia arguta | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Aethiopomyia arguta''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q14504992}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aethiopomyia arguta}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{Biologi-stub}} 9yvrzsluk9ayzvcztbmq82go3bhf9xt 0 135807 3173223 3066033 2025-06-21T11:07:05Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Aethiopomyia gigas | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Aethiopomyia gigas''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q14504991}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aethiopomyia gigas}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{Biologi-stub}} ghuqjbs4a0qvg4nk0f1fn5tkfca94wj 0 135809 3173224 3066034 2025-06-21T11:07:08Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Aethiopomyia patersoni | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Aethiopomyia patersoni''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q14504990}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aethiopomyia patersoni}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{Biologi-stub}} 4w5k5qpdfuh61zty2w8hloq5vanlj37 0 135814 3173225 3066035 2025-06-21T11:07:09Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Aethiopomyia steini | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Aethiopomyia steini''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q14504989}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aethiopomyia steini}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{Biologi-stub}} qhm6bdfeort33davopkso4rgtglh1ir 0 135817 3173226 3066036 2025-06-21T11:07:12Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Aethiopomyia williamsi | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Aethiopomyia williamsi''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q14504988}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aethiopomyia williamsi}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{Biologi-stub}} 740xx1y5o946nwfg6jeqyu0haws7y3e 0 135821 3173227 3066066 2025-06-21T11:09:42Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Afromydaea | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Afromydaea''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q14504269}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Afromydaea}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{Biologi-stub}} 1wusn3rv89ai7fy50gizybfc1f16aqo 0 135823 3173228 3066067 2025-06-21T11:09:44Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Afromydaea geniculata | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Afromydaea geniculata''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q14504268}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Afromydaea geniculata}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{Biologi-stub}} q8ocarm9jyitrg6y52bwl9kq2jbuxmz 0 135827 3173229 3066068 2025-06-21T11:09:47Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Afromydaea versatilis | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Afromydaea versatilis''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q14504267}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Afromydaea versatilis}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{Biologi-stub}} toum05j0dq2xvgq5fzkpoy55ad9slq8 0 135834 3173230 3066280 2025-06-21T11:18:00Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Agenamyia exotica | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Agenamyia exotica''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q14504433}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Agenamyia exotica}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{Biologi-stub}} bqjgne4o1kf3jdwdvui9qim3vhnswa8 0 135837 3173231 3066281 2025-06-21T11:18:03Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Agenamyia fumipennis | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Agenamyia fumipennis''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q14504434}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Agenamyia fumipennis}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{Biologi-stub}} 1mw4qexc3bsl2nzco2ged96vo8lfa1a 0 135841 3173233 3066310 2025-06-21T11:38:59Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Albertinella nebulicola | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae|genus = | species = | taxon_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''''Albertinella nebulicola''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Muscidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]]. == Evolusi == Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso [[Perm]], walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso [[Eosen]]. == Rujuakan == * {{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012|archive-date= 18 June 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133213/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Muscidae|dead-url= yes}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q14504515}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Albertinella nebulicola}} [[Kategori:Muscidae]] {{Biologi-stub}} 7fydvibn99jki0u4o4fhu7bora21m91 0 228322 3173214 2505481 2025-06-20T12:54:56Z Rang Djambak 14874 3173214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Brunei infobox}} '''Brunei''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Brunei.ogg|b|r|uː|ˈ|n|aɪ}}), sacaro rasmi '''Nagara<!--full translation of the name is usually accompanied with "nation", not "state"--> Brunei <!--inclusion of "the" is more common--> Darussalam'''<ref>Peter Haggett (ed). ''Encyclopedia of World Geography, Volume 1'', Marshall Cavendish, 2001, [http://books.google.com/books?id=u6LJ65K9DisC&lpg=PA2913&dq=brunei%20abode%20of%20peace&pg=PA2913 p. 2913].</ref> ({{lang-ms|Negara Brunei Darussalam}}, [[Tulisan Jawi|Jawi]]: {{lang|ms-Arab|نڬارا بروني دارالسلام}}), adolah sabuah nagara badaulaik nan talatak di pasisia utara [[Kalimantan]] di [[Asia Tenggara]]. == Etimologi == Manuruik historiografi lokal, Brunei ditagakkan dek Awang Alak Betatar,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tarsilah Brunei: Sejarah Awal Dan Perkembangan Islam|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=76kOMwEACAAJ&dq=tarsilah+brunei&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y|publisher=Jabatan Pusat Sejarah, Kementeriaan Kebudayaan, Beliau dan Sukan|date=1990|language=en|first=Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji|last=Awang.)}}</ref> nan kudian hari manjadi Sultan Muhammad Shah, mamarintah sakitar tahun 1400 M. Inyo datang dari Garang di Distrik Temburong{{sfn|History for Brunei Darussalam|2009|p=26}}dan tibo di muaro Sungai Brunei, tampek inyo mulo mainjakkan kini banamo Brunei. Manuruik legenda, sangkek balabuah inyo basorak, "Baru nah" (aratinyo kok diterjemahan yakni "itu nyo!" atau "di sinan"), dan dari sinan mangko namo "Brunei" bamulo..{{sfn|de Vienne|2016|p=27}} Inyo adolah urang Muslim patamo nan manjadi panguaso Brunei<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/2007/03/08/treasuring-bruneis-past/|title=Treasuring Brunei's past|date=8 March 2007|publisher=Southeast Asian Archaeology|access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> Sabalun era kabangkitan Kekaisaran Brunei di bawah Dinasti Bolkiah Muslim, Brunei diyakini sempat barado di bawah panguaso Buddha.<ref name="Nicholl1980">{{cite book|author=Robert Nicholl|title=Notes on Some Controversial Issues in Brunei History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EN-hXwAACAAJ|date=1980|pages=32–37}}</ref> Namo Brunei diejo manjadi "Barunai" pado abaik ka-14, kamungkinan dipengaruhi dek ejaan Sansekerta (वरुण), nan aratinyo "palauik".<ref name="Minahan2012">{{cite book|author=James B. Minahan|title=Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOQkpcVcd9AC&pg=PT75|date=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-660-7|page=75}}</ref> Kato "[[Borneo]]" punyo asa ejaan nan samo. Dalam nama lengkap negara iko, yakni Negara Brunei Darussalam, darussalam (Arab: ار السلام‎) aratinyo "tampek tingga nan damai", sadangkan negara aratinyo "negara" dalam bahaso Melayu. Sabuah versi pendek dari namo resmi negara iko, "Brunei Darussalam", juo alah digunoan sacaro umum, tautamo dalam konteks resmi, dan tancantuam dalam database geografis Kelompok Ahli Nama Geografis Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/geonames/|title=Geographical Names Database|website=United Nations Statistics Division|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref> sarato daftar resmi ASEAN<ref>{{cite web|url=https://asean.org/about-asean/member-states/brunei-darussalam/|title=Brunei Darussalam|website=asean.org|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref> jo Persemakmuran.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/brunei-darussalam|title=Brunei Darussalam|date=15 August 2013|website=The Commonwealth|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref> Dokumentasi paliang awal nan dicataik dek panulih Barat tantang Brunei barasa dari urang Italia nan tanamo sabagai Ludovico di Varthema. Dokumentasinyo balatar wakatu tahun 1550.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bilcher Bala|title=Thalassocracy: a history of the medieval Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-bQuAQAAIAAJ|year=2005|publisher=School of Social Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah|isbn=978-983-2643-74-6}}</ref> == Demografi == [[File:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|[[Musajik Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin]] pado malam hari.]] Etnis asli Brunei di antaronyo adolah Belait, Brunei Bisaya (ijan sampai tatuka jo Bisaya/Visaya dari Filipina), Brunei Melayu, Dusun, Kedayan, Lun Bawang, Murut, jo Tutong. Populasi Brunei pado tahun {{UN_Population|Year}} adolah {{UN_Population|Brunei Darussalam}},{{UN Population|ref}} 76% dari jumlah itu tingga di kawasan urban. Angko laju urbanisasi dipakiroan 2,13% satiok tahun sajak tahun 2010 sampai 2015. Usia harapan hidup rato-rato adolah 77,7 tahun.<ref>{{Harvnb|Oxford Business Group|2013|p=100}}</ref> Pado 2014, sabanyak 65,7% dari populasi adolah urang Malayu, 10,% adolah urang Cino, 3,4% adolah panduduak asli, dan 20,6% marupoan etnis lainnyo.<ref>{{cite book|title=Brunei Demographics Profile 2014|year=2015|publisher=Brunei Government|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/brunei/demographics_profile.html}}</ref> Ado komunitas ekspatriat nan relatif gadang.<ref>{{cite book|title=Brunei Statistical Yearbook|page=13|url=http://www.depd.gov.bn/SI/BDSYB2010/BDSYB%202010.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307205335/http://www.depd.gov.bn/SI/BDSYB2010/BDSYB%202010.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-03-07}}</ref> Kabanyakan ekspatriat barasa dari negara non-[[Muslim]] takah Australia, Inggris, Korea Selatan, Japang, Filipina, Thailand, Kamboja, Vietnam, jo India. === Agamo === {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Agamo di Brunei <ref name="deps.gov.bn">{{Cite web|title=Population by Religion, Sex and Census Year|url=http://www.deps.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Time-Series3.html|access-date=2022-07-01|archive-date=2021-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401024235/http://www.deps.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Time-Series3.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |label1 = [[Islam]] 337,391 |value1 = 80.9 |color1 = green |label2 = [[Buddha]] 29,495 |value2 = 7 |color2 = gold |label3 = [[Kristen]] 29,510 |value3 = 7.1 |color3 = blue |label4 = Lainnyo: 20,860 |value4 = 5 |color4 = grey }} [[Islam di Brunei|Islam]] adolah [[Agamo di Brunei|agamo resmi Brunei]],<ref name="cia.gov"/> khususnyo nan manganuik [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] dalam akidah jo mazhab [[Shafi'i]] dalam fikih. Labiah dari 80% populasi, tamasuak mayoritas Malayu Brunei jo Kedayanmangidentifikasi diri mereka sabagai [[Muslim]]. Kayakinan lainnyo nan dipraktikkan di Brunei tamasuak Buddha (7%, kabanyakan dipaluak dek urang Cini) sarato Kristen (7.1%).<ref name="deps.gov.bn" /> Pemikiran bebas, kabanyakan urang Cino, dianut dek 7% dari populasi. Meskipun kabanyakan dari mereka mempraktikkan babarapo bantuak agamo jo unsur-unsur Buddha, Konfusianisme, dan Taoisme, mereka labiah mamilih untuak manampilkan diri sabagai indak manjalankan agamo sacaro resmi, sahinggo dicap sabagai ateis dalam sensus resmi. Pangikuik agamo asli ado sakitar 2% dari populasi.<ref>{{cite book|title=2010 Brunei Statistical Yearbook|year=2010|publisher=Brunei Government|page=19|url=http://www.depd.gov.bn/SI/BDSYB2010/BDSYB%202010.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307205335/http://www.depd.gov.bn/SI/BDSYB2010/BDSYB%202010.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-03-07}}</ref> === Bahaso === Bahaso resmi Brunei adolah Bahasa Melayu Standar, nan manggunoan abjad Latin (Rumi) jo abjad Arab (Jawi).<ref>[http://melayuonline.com/eng/news/read/12382/expand-use-of-malay-language Expand Use of Malay Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208110928/http://melayuonline.com/eng/news/read/12382/expand-use-of-malay-language |date=8 February 2013 }}. rtbnews.rtb.gov.bn (18 October 2010)</ref> Pado mulonyo, bahaso Malayu ditulih jo abjad Jawi sabalun baraliah mamakai abjad Latin sakitar tahun1941.{{sfn|de Vienne|2016|pp=104}} Bahasa nan dipakai sahari-hari utamonyo adalah Bahaso Melayu Brunei. Bahaso Melayu Brunei agak babedo dari bahaso Melayu standar jo dialek Melayu lainnyo, karano sakitar 84% sarumpun jo bahaso Melayu standar,<ref name="Martin">P.W. Martin and G. Poedjosoedarmo (1996). An overview of the language situation in Brunei Darussalam. In P.W. Martin, C. Ozog & G. Poedjosoedarmo (Eds.), ''Language use & language change in Brunei Darussalam'' (pp. 1–23). Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies. p. 7.</ref> dan samo-samo dapek dimangarati.<ref>{{cite journal|author=A. Clynes and D. Deterding|year=2011|title=Standard Malay (Brunei)|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=41|issue=2|pages=259–68|doi=10.1017/S002510031100017X|df=dmy-all|doi-access=free}}</ref> Bahaso Inggirih sacaru lueh digunoan sabagai bahaso dagang dan bahaso di kegiatan resmi sarato dituturkan dek mayoritas panduduak di Brunei. Bahaso Inggirih digunoan dalam kagiatan perdagangan sabagai bahaso karajo jo sabagai bahaso pangantar dari pendidikan dasar hinggo pandidikan tinggi..<ref>{{cite book|author=Mouton De Gruyter |title=Wei, Li: Applied Linguistics Review. 2011 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DSFueDOhYgC&pg=PA100 |access-date=27 February 2013 |date=31 May 2011 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-023933-1 |pages=100–}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/09/22/change-medium-instruction-cause-poor-maths-results Change in medium of instruction cause of poor Maths results | The Brunei Times] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105094721/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/09/22/change-medium-instruction-cause-poor-maths-results |date=5 November 2014 }}. Bt.com.bn (22 September 2010). Retrieved on 27 February 2013.</ref><ref>A.C.K. Ozog (1996). The unplanned use of English: The case of Brunei Darussalam. In P.W. Martin, C. Ozog & G. Poedjosoedarmo (Eds.), ''Language use & language change in Brunei Darussalam'' (pp. 156–66). Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies.</ref><ref>K. Dunseath (1996). Aspects of language maintenance and language shift among the Chinese community in Brunei. In P.W. Martin, C. Ozog & G. Poedjosoedarmo (Eds.), ''Language use & language change in Brunei Darussalam'' (pp. 280–301). Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies {{ISBN|0896801934}}.</ref> Bahaso Tionghoa juo digunoan sacara lueh, dan minoritas Tionghoa di Brunei mangecek sajumlah variasi bahaso Tionghoa. Bahaso Arab adolah bahaso agamo umaik Islam. Dek baitu, bahaso Arab diajaan di sakolah-sakolah, khususnyo sakolah-sakolah agamo, dan juo di limbago-limbago pandidikan tinggi. Pado tahun 2004, ado anam sakolah bahaso Arab jo ciek parguruan tinggi guru agamo di Brunei. Mayoritas panduduak Muslim Brunei alah mamiliki babarapo bantuak pandidikan formal atau informal dalam mambaco, manulih, jo pangucapan bahaso Arab sabagai bagian dari pandidikan agamo mereka. Bahaso jo dialek lain nan digunoan antaro lain dialek Melayu Kedayan, dialek Melayu Tutong, Murut, jo Dusun.<ref name="Martin" /> == Caliak pulo == *[[Daftar nagara badaulaik]] ==Rujuakan== {{Reflist}} ==Bibliografi== {{Wikisource1911Enc|Brunei}} {{refbegin}} * {{CIA World Factbook}} * {{Cite book |last=Atiyah |first=Jeremy |title=Rough guide to Southeast Asia |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uRX5zMsCeNgC&printsec=frontcover |year=2002|publisher=Rough Guide |isbn=978-1-85828-893-2 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=Frankham |first=Steve |title=Footprint Borneo |url=http://books.google.com/?id=XuR842_XgwQC&printsec=frontcover |year=2008|publisher=Footprint Guides |isbn=978-1-906098-14-8 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite journal |last=Gudgeon |first=L. W. W. |title=British North Borneo |year=1913|publisher=Adam and Charles Black: London |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=Nicholl |first=Robert |title=European sources for the history of the Sultanate of Brunei in the Sixteenth Century |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=59PnSwurWj8C&printsec=frontcover |year=2002|publisher=Special Publications, no.9. Muzium Brunei |isbn=9780802849458 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=History for Brunei |title=History for Brunei Darussalam: Sharing our Past |year=2009|publisher=Curriculum Development Department, Ministry of Education |isbn=99917-2-372-2 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=McAmis |first=Robert Day |title=Malay Muslims: the history and challenge of resurgent Islam in Southeast Asia |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=59PnSwurWj8C&printsec=frontcover |year=2002|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-0-8028-4945-8 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Melo Alip |first=Eufronio |title=Political and cultural history of the Philippines, Volumes 1–2 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=0A5wAAAAMAAJ |year=1964 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=Oxford Business Group |title=The Report: Brunei Darussalam 2009 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=t8JGP4RRA1cC&printsec=frontcover |year=2009|publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-907065-09-5 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=Saunders |first=Graham E. |title=A history of Brunei |url=http://books.google.com/?id=SQ4t_OJgSjAC |year=2002|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-7007-1698-2 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite journal |last=United States War Dept |title=Annual reports, Volume 3 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BE9DHAAACAAJ |year=1903|publisher=Government Printing Office |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=Oxford Business Group |title=The Report: Brunei Darussalam 2013 |year=2013|publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-907065-78-1 |ref=harv }} {{Refend}} {{Commons}} {{Asia Tenggara}} {{Nagara di Asia}} [[Kategori:Nagara di Asia Tenggara]] [[Kategori:Brunei]] n392zitq7ll4l1by50z3lv6hvc9yfei 3173215 3173214 2025-06-20T12:55:40Z Rang Djambak 14874 3173215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Brunei infobox}} '''Brunei''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Brunei.ogg|b|r|uː|ˈ|n|aɪ}}), sacaro rasmi '''Nagara<!--full translation of the name is usually accompanied with "nation", not "state"--> Brunei <!--inclusion of "the" is more common--> Darussalam'''<ref>Peter Haggett (ed). ''Encyclopedia of World Geography, Volume 1'', Marshall Cavendish, 2001, [http://books.google.com/books?id=u6LJ65K9DisC&lpg=PA2913&dq=brunei%20abode%20of%20peace&pg=PA2913 p. 2913].</ref> ({{lang-ms|Negara Brunei Darussalam}}, [[Tulisan Jawi|Jawi]]: {{lang|ms-Arab|نڬارا بروني دارالسلام}}), adolah sabuah nagara badaulaik nan talatak di pasisia utara [[Kalimantan]] di [[Asia Tenggara]]. == Etimologi == Manuruik historiografi lokal, Brunei ditagakkan dek Awang Alak Betatar,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tarsilah Brunei: Sejarah Awal Dan Perkembangan Islam|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=76kOMwEACAAJ&dq=tarsilah+brunei&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y|publisher=Jabatan Pusat Sejarah, Kementeriaan Kebudayaan, Beliau dan Sukan|date=1990|language=en|first=Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji|last=Awang.)}}</ref> nan kudian hari manjadi Sultan Muhammad Shah, mamarintah sakitar tahun 1400 M. Inyo datang dari Garang di Distrik Temburong{{sfn|History for Brunei Darussalam|2009|p=26}}dan tibo di muaro Sungai Brunei, tampek inyo mulo mainjakkan kini banamo Brunei. Manuruik legenda, sangkek balabuah inyo basorak, "Baru nah" (aratinyo kok diterjemahan yakni "itu nyo!" atau "di sinan"), dan dari sinan mangko namo "Brunei" bamulo..{{sfn|de Vienne|2016|p=27}} Inyo adolah urang Muslim patamo nan manjadi panguaso Brunei<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/2007/03/08/treasuring-bruneis-past/|title=Treasuring Brunei's past|date=8 March 2007|publisher=Southeast Asian Archaeology|access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> Sabalun era kabangkitan Kekaisaran Brunei di bawah Dinasti Bolkiah Muslim, Brunei diyakini sempat barado di bawah panguaso Buddha.<ref name="Nicholl1980">{{cite book|author=Robert Nicholl|title=Notes on Some Controversial Issues in Brunei History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EN-hXwAACAAJ|date=1980|pages=32–37}}</ref> Namo Brunei diejo manjadi "Barunai" pado abaik ka-14, kamungkinan dipengaruhi dek ejaan Sansekerta (वरुण), nan aratinyo "palauik".<ref name="Minahan2012">{{cite book|author=James B. Minahan|title=Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOQkpcVcd9AC&pg=PT75|date=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-660-7|page=75}}</ref> Kato "[[Borneo]]" punyo asa ejaan nan samo. Dalam nama lengkap negara iko, yakni Negara Brunei Darussalam, darussalam (Arab: ار السلام‎) aratinyo "tampek tingga nan damai", sadangkan negara aratinyo "negara" dalam bahaso Melayu. Sabuah versi pendek dari namo resmi negara iko, "Brunei Darussalam", juo alah digunoan sacaro umum, tautamo dalam konteks resmi, dan tancantuam dalam database geografis Kelompok Ahli Nama Geografis Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/geonames/|title=Geographical Names Database|website=United Nations Statistics Division|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref> sarato daftar resmi ASEAN<ref>{{cite web|url=https://asean.org/about-asean/member-states/brunei-darussalam/|title=Brunei Darussalam|website=asean.org|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref> jo Persemakmuran.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/brunei-darussalam|title=Brunei Darussalam|date=15 August 2013|website=The Commonwealth|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref> Dokumentasi paliang awal nan dicataik dek panulih Barat tantang Brunei barasa dari urang Italia nan tanamo sabagai Ludovico di Varthema. Dokumentasinyo balatar wakatu tahun 1550.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bilcher Bala|title=Thalassocracy: a history of the medieval Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-bQuAQAAIAAJ|year=2005|publisher=School of Social Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah|isbn=978-983-2643-74-6}}</ref> == Demografi == [[File:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|[[Musajik Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin]] pado malam hari.]] Etnis asli Brunei di antaronyo adolah Belait, Brunei Bisaya (ijan sampai tatuka jo Bisaya/Visaya dari Filipina), Brunei Melayu, Dusun, Kedayan, Lun Bawang, Murut, jo Tutong. Populasi Brunei pado tahun {{UN_Population|Year}} adolah {{UN_Population|Brunei Darussalam}},{{UN Population|ref}} 76% dari jumlah itu tingga di kawasan urban. Angko laju urbanisasi dipakiroan 2,13% satiok tahun sajak tahun 2010 sampai 2015. Usia harapan hidup rato-rato adolah 77,7 tahun.<ref>{{Harvnb|Oxford Business Group|2013|p=100}}</ref> Pado 2014, sabanyak 65,7% dari populasi adolah urang Malayu, 10,% adolah urang Cino, 3,4% adolah panduduak asli, dan 20,6% marupoan etnis lainnyo.<ref>{{cite book|title=Brunei Demographics Profile 2014|year=2015|publisher=Brunei Government|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/brunei/demographics_profile.html}}</ref> Ado komunitas ekspatriat nan relatif gadang.<ref>{{cite book|title=Brunei Statistical Yearbook|page=13|url=http://www.depd.gov.bn/SI/BDSYB2010/BDSYB%202010.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307205335/http://www.depd.gov.bn/SI/BDSYB2010/BDSYB%202010.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-03-07}}</ref> Kabanyakan ekspatriat barasa dari negara non-[[Muslim]] takah Australia, Inggris, Korea Selatan, Japang, Filipina, Thailand, Kamboja, Vietnam, jo India. === Agamo === {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Agamo di Brunei <ref name="deps.gov.bn">{{Cite web|title=Population by Religion, Sex and Census Year|url=http://www.deps.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Time-Series3.html|access-date=2022-07-01|archive-date=2021-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401024235/http://www.deps.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Time-Series3.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |label1 = [[Islam]] 337,391 |value1 = 80.9 |color1 = green |label2 = [[Buddha]] 29,495 |value2 = 7 |color2 = gold |label3 = [[Kristen]] 29,510 |value3 = 7.1 |color3 = blue |label4 = Lainnyo: 20,860 |value4 = 5 |color4 = grey }} [[Islam di Brunei|Islam]] adolah [[Agamo di Brunei|agamo resmi Brunei]],<ref name="cia.gov"/> khususnyo nan manganuik [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] dalam akidah jo mazhab [[Shafi'i]] dalam fikih. Labiah dari 80% populasi, tamasuak mayoritas Malayu Brunei jo Kedayanmangidentifikasi diri mereka sabagai [[Muslim]]. Kayakinan lainnyo nan dipraktikkan di Brunei tamasuak Buddha (7%, kabanyakan dipaluak dek urang Cini) sarato Kristen (7.1%).<ref name="deps.gov.bn" /> Pemikiran bebas, kabanyakan urang Cino, dianut dek 7% dari populasi. Meskipun kabanyakan dari mereka mempraktikkan babarapo bantuak agamo jo unsur-unsur Buddha, Konfusianisme, dan Taoisme, mereka labiah mamilih untuak manampilkan diri sabagai indak manjalankan agamo sacaro resmi, sahinggo dicap sabagai ateis dalam sensus resmi. Pangikuik agamo asli ado sakitar 2% dari populasi.<ref>{{cite book|title=2010 Brunei Statistical Yearbook|year=2010|publisher=Brunei Government|page=19|url=http://www.depd.gov.bn/SI/BDSYB2010/BDSYB%202010.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307205335/http://www.depd.gov.bn/SI/BDSYB2010/BDSYB%202010.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-03-07}}</ref> === Bahaso === Bahaso resmi Brunei adolah Bahasa Melayu Standar, nan manggunoan abjad Latin (Rumi) jo abjad Arab (Jawi).<ref>[http://melayuonline.com/eng/news/read/12382/expand-use-of-malay-language Expand Use of Malay Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208110928/http://melayuonline.com/eng/news/read/12382/expand-use-of-malay-language |date=8 February 2013 }}. rtbnews.rtb.gov.bn (18 October 2010)</ref> Pado mulonyo, bahaso Malayu ditulih jo abjad Jawi sabalun baraliah mamakai abjad Latin sakitar tahun1941.{{sfn|de Vienne|2016|pp=104}} Bahasa nan dipakai sahari-hari utamonyo adalah Bahaso Melayu Brunei. Bahaso Melayu Brunei agak babedo dari bahaso Melayu standar jo dialek Melayu lainnyo, karano sakitar 84% sarumpun jo bahaso Melayu standar,<ref name="Martin">P.W. Martin and G. Poedjosoedarmo (1996). An overview of the language situation in Brunei Darussalam. In P.W. Martin, C. Ozog & G. Poedjosoedarmo (Eds.), ''Language use & language change in Brunei Darussalam'' (pp. 1–23). Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies. p. 7.</ref> dan samo-samo dapek dimangarati.<ref>{{cite journal|author=A. Clynes and D. Deterding|year=2011|title=Standard Malay (Brunei)|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=41|issue=2|pages=259–68|doi=10.1017/S002510031100017X|df=dmy-all|doi-access=free}}</ref> Bahaso Inggirih sacaru lueh digunoan sabagai bahaso dagang dan bahaso di kegiatan resmi sarato dituturkan dek mayoritas panduduak di Brunei. Bahaso Inggirih digunoan dalam kagiatan perdagangan sabagai bahaso karajo jo sabagai bahaso pangantar dari pendidikan dasar hinggo pandidikan tinggi..<ref>{{cite book|author=Mouton De Gruyter |title=Wei, Li: Applied Linguistics Review. 2011 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DSFueDOhYgC&pg=PA100 |access-date=27 February 2013 |date=31 May 2011 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-023933-1 |pages=100–}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/09/22/change-medium-instruction-cause-poor-maths-results Change in medium of instruction cause of poor Maths results | The Brunei Times] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105094721/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/09/22/change-medium-instruction-cause-poor-maths-results |date=5 November 2014 }}. Bt.com.bn (22 September 2010). Retrieved on 27 February 2013.</ref><ref>A.C.K. Ozog (1996). The unplanned use of English: The case of Brunei Darussalam. In P.W. Martin, C. Ozog & G. Poedjosoedarmo (Eds.), ''Language use & language change in Brunei Darussalam'' (pp. 156–66). Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies.</ref><ref>K. Dunseath (1996). Aspects of language maintenance and language shift among the Chinese community in Brunei. In P.W. Martin, C. Ozog & G. Poedjosoedarmo (Eds.), ''Language use & language change in Brunei Darussalam'' (pp. 280–301). Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies {{ISBN|0896801934}}.</ref> Bahaso Tionghoa juo digunoan sacara lueh, dan minoritas Tionghoa di Brunei mangecek sajumlah variasi bahaso Tionghoa. Bahaso Arab adolah bahaso agamo umaik Islam. Dek baitu, bahaso Arab diajaan di sakolah-sakolah, khususnyo sakolah-sakolah agamo, dan juo di limbago-limbago pandidikan tinggi. Pado tahun 2004, ado anam sakolah bahaso Arab jo ciek parguruan tinggi guru agamo di Brunei. Mayoritas panduduak Muslim Brunei alah mamiliki babarapo bantuak pandidikan formal atau informal dalam mambaco, manulih, jo pangucapan bahaso Arab sabagai bagian dari pandidikan agamo mereka. Bahaso jo dialek lain nan digunoan antaro lain dialek Melayu Kedayan, dialek Melayu Tutong, Murut, jo Dusun.<ref name="Martin" /> == Caliak pulo == *[[Daftar nagara badaulaik]] == Catatan == {{Notelist}} ==Rujuakan== {{Reflist}} ==Bibliografi== {{Wikisource1911Enc|Brunei}} {{refbegin}} * {{CIA World Factbook}} * {{Cite book |last=Atiyah |first=Jeremy |title=Rough guide to Southeast Asia |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uRX5zMsCeNgC&printsec=frontcover |year=2002|publisher=Rough Guide |isbn=978-1-85828-893-2 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=Frankham |first=Steve |title=Footprint Borneo |url=http://books.google.com/?id=XuR842_XgwQC&printsec=frontcover |year=2008|publisher=Footprint Guides |isbn=978-1-906098-14-8 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite journal |last=Gudgeon |first=L. W. W. |title=British North Borneo |year=1913|publisher=Adam and Charles Black: London |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=Nicholl |first=Robert |title=European sources for the history of the Sultanate of Brunei in the Sixteenth Century |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=59PnSwurWj8C&printsec=frontcover |year=2002|publisher=Special Publications, no.9. Muzium Brunei |isbn=9780802849458 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=History for Brunei |title=History for Brunei Darussalam: Sharing our Past |year=2009|publisher=Curriculum Development Department, Ministry of Education |isbn=99917-2-372-2 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=McAmis |first=Robert Day |title=Malay Muslims: the history and challenge of resurgent Islam in Southeast Asia |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=59PnSwurWj8C&printsec=frontcover |year=2002|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-0-8028-4945-8 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Melo Alip |first=Eufronio |title=Political and cultural history of the Philippines, Volumes 1–2 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=0A5wAAAAMAAJ |year=1964 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=Oxford Business Group |title=The Report: Brunei Darussalam 2009 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=t8JGP4RRA1cC&printsec=frontcover |year=2009|publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-907065-09-5 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=Saunders |first=Graham E. |title=A history of Brunei |url=http://books.google.com/?id=SQ4t_OJgSjAC |year=2002|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-7007-1698-2 |ref=harv }} * {{Cite journal |last=United States War Dept |title=Annual reports, Volume 3 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BE9DHAAACAAJ |year=1903|publisher=Government Printing Office |ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=Oxford Business Group |title=The Report: Brunei Darussalam 2013 |year=2013|publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-907065-78-1 |ref=harv }} {{Refend}} {{Commons}} {{Asia Tenggara}} {{Nagara di Asia}} [[Kategori:Nagara di Asia Tenggara]] [[Kategori:Brunei]] kdicc66is7eyaqtc6el1mevugxge9c3 0 327189 3173232 2057227 2025-06-21T11:38:24Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3173232 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Berkas:PDIKM 784 Majalah Al Moenir.pdf|jmpl|Majalah Al-Munir (Arab Melayu)]] '''''Al-Moenir''''' marupoan majalah Islam nan mulonyo tabik di [[Minangkabau]]. Majalah ko ditabikan dek [[Abdullah Ahmad|Syekh H. Abdullah Ahmad]] pado taun 1911 (1329 H) sarato ditolong pulo dek [[Abdul Karim Amrullah|Syekh Abdul Karim Amrullah]] jo [[Syekh H. Muhd. Thaib Umar]]. Al-Munir dikaluaan dek [[Jami'ah Adabiah]] di [[Kota Padang|Padang]] satiok hari-hari di bulan Arab jo pertengahan. Sacaro umum majalah ko barisi palajaran, pangatahuan, jo perkhabaran. Juz patamo ditabikan pado tanggal 1 April 1911 M (1 Rabi'ul-akhir 1329 H).{{sfn|Yunus, Mahmud|1996}} == Sijarah == Pado tahun 1906, muncua majalah ''Al-Imam'' di Singapura di bawah asuahan [[Tahir Jalaluddin Al-Azhari]]. Majalah ko dalam sajarahnyo mampunyoi kaitan nan arek jo ''Al-Urwatul Wusqa'', majalah nan ditabikkan dek [[Jamal-al-Din Afghani]] jo [[Muhammad Abduh]] di [[Paris]], [[Parancih]].{{sfn|Luthfi Assyaukanie|2009|pp=38}} Majalah iko baredar di Samananjuang Malaya jo Pulau Sumatra. Ciek dari daerah nan mandapekkan pangaruah paliang kuek dari panabitan ''Al-Imam'' adolah Minangkabau.{{sfn|Burhanuddin Daya|1990|pp=117}} Sasudah panabitan ''Al-Imam'' tahanti pado tahun 1909, wakia dari Minangkabau [[Abdullah Ahmad]] sacapeknyo basobok jo pimpinan majalah ''Al-Imam'' di Singapura. Dalam kunjungannyo, Abdullah Ahmad manyampaikan mukasuik untuak manabikkan majalah jo visi jo misi dakwah nan samo.{{sfn|Hamka|1962|pp=99-100}} Pulang dari kunjuangan ka Singapura, Abdullah Ahmad jo dukuangan para padagang lokal mulai marintis panabitan ''Al-Munir'' di [[Padang]].{{sfn|Yudi Latif|2005|pp=181}} Pakumpulan ulama pandiri ''Al-Munir'' tagabuang dalam Sjarikat Ilmu, nan sakaligus manjadi badan panabitan jo pangalola ''Al-Munir''.{{sfn|Abuddin Nata|2005|pp=15}} Anggotanyo tadiri dari para ulama dari kalompok pambaru di Minangkabau atau acok disabuik jo Kaum Mudo. Abdullah Ahmad indak manjadi panguruih harian. Pimpinan harian majalah adolah [[Marah Muhammad]]. Dalam jajaran dewan redaksi, nan diketuai dek [[Sutan Djamaluddin Abubakar]], tacatat sajumlah namo di antaronyo [[Abdul Karim Amrullah]] (ayah [[Hamka]]), [[Muhammad Thaib Umar]], jo [[Sutan Muhammad Salim]] (ayah [[Agus Salim]]).{{sfn|Hamka|1962|pp=99}} Panulih-panulih lain nan indak masuak dalam struktur kapangurusan di antaronyo [[Ibrahim Musa Parabek]], [[Abbas Abdullah]], [[Zainuddin Labay El Yunusy]], jo [[Muhammad Jamil Jambek]]. == Isi == Al-Munir barisi tantang kabaikan agama [[Islam]] jo kalapangannyo manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]] jo [[Hadis|Hadits]], ilimu sejati atau ilimu yang basambuang-sambuang di tiok juz tantang kaimanan, jo sajumlah karangan nan barisi palajaran jo pangatahuan barupo ilmu falak. Salain itu, Al-Munir barisi soal jo jawaban tantang masalah agama, perkhabaran tantang kajadian dalam nagari jo lua nagari nan tarutamo di negara Islam, sarato adab jo akhlak nan basambuang-sambuang di tiok juz. == Pimpinan == Pamimpin jo pambantu Al-Munir tadiri dari duo [[ulama]] jo duo urang intelek. Pimpinannyo yaitu H. Abdul Karim Amrullah Danau jo Mohd. Dahlan St. Lembak Tuah. Kaduo ulama tu manjadi guru kapalo pulo di sakolah kelas I di Padang. Duo intelek nan manolong di majalah Al-Munir ko yaitu H. Mohd. Thaib Umar Batusangkar jo St. Muhd Salim nan marupoan jaksa pensiun Kota Gadang pulo. Nan manjawek soal-soal agama di Al-Munir yaitu Syekh Ibrahim Musa Parabek jo Syekh M. Jamil Parabek untuak ilimu Falak sarupo mambuek Imsakiah Al-Munir. == Syair == Syair nan dikarang dek Syekh H. Muhd. Thaib Umar babunyi :<blockquote>Dengan Bismillah bergerak pena. Memuji Allah Tuhan Maulana. Bermacam-macam makhluk Rabbana. Ada yang mulia ada yang hina.</blockquote>Syair tu mancaritoan sabab muasabab makhluk manusia nan mulia jo nan hino. Manuruik syair tu makhluk manusia nan mulia sarupo bangsa Barat jo yang hino sarupo bangsa Timur nan manjajah bangsa Barat. Urang Barat mampalajari ilimu dunia nan pantiang untuak kaparluan dunia, sahinggo urang tu maju. == Pangalolaan == Pado taun 1914 M, Syekh Abdullah Ahmad mandirian [[Syarikat Ilimu]] nan dulunyo basaham Rp2,50. Bayaran nan ado disitu ditujuan untuak manabikan buku-buku agama Islam dalam baso Malayu, Almanak jo Imsakiah Ramadhan. Namun di kudian hari, Syarikat Ilimu nan didirian tu tabaka sahinggo buku-buku jo kitab agama nan nio ditabikan tu alun berhasil dicapai. == Panarimoan == [[Berkas:PDIKM 770 Majalah Al Moenir.pdf|hal=147|jmpl|Surat kiriman [[Kerajaan Mempawah|Sultan Mempawah]] Muhammad Thaufiq Accamuddin dalam rubrik tanya jawab ''Al-Munir'', cermin luasnya jangkauan ''Al-Munir'']] Oplah ''Al-Munir'' kiro-kiro 2.000 eksemplar. Daerah jangkauannyo maliputi [[Sumatera|Sumatra]], [[Samananjuang Malaya]], [[Jawa]], [[Kalimantan]], jo [[Sulawesi]]. Di antaro pambaco setia, tamasuak [[Ahmad Dahlan]], nan ka mandirian [[Muhammadiyah]]. Ahmad Dahlan bahkan mintak izin manyalin tulisan-tulisan Haji Rasul di ''Al-Munir'' ka dalam bahasa Jawa untuak disebarkan kapado murid-muridnyo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://historia.id/politik/articles/kisah-persahabatan-haji-rasul-dengan-kyai-ahmad-dahlan-vZ5VB |title=archive copy |access-date=2021-05-28 |archive-date=2023-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828172758/https://historia.id/politik/articles/kisah-persahabatan-haji-rasul-dengan-kyai-ahmad-dahlan-vZ5VB |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Kahadiran ''Al-Munir'' disusua banyak majalah nan babasis Islam di babagai daerah [[Minangkabau]]. [[Adabiyah School]] di Padang manabikkan majalah ''Al-Akhbar''. Jaringan [[Sumatra Thawalib]] di babagai daerah manabikan majalah nan diedarkan tabateh, seperti ''[[Al-Bayan (majalah)|Al-Bayan]]'' di [[Pondok Pesantren Sumatera Thawalib Parabek|Parabek]], ''Al-Basyir'' di [[Sungayang]], ''Al-Ittiqan'' di [[Maninjau]], jo ''Al-Imam'' di [[Darul Funun|Padang Japang]].{{sfn|Junus|1980|pp=82}} Baitu pulo kalangan ulama konservatif, nan balakangan dijuluki Kaum Tuo, manabikan majalah tandingan, takah ''Suluh Malayu'' di bawah pimpinan [[Syekh Khatib Ali]], jo ''[[Al-Mizan (majalah)|Al-Mizan]]'' di bawah pimpinan Haji Abdul Majid jo Hasan Basri.{{sfn|Rusydi Hamka|1986|pp=72}} Pado tahun 1916, Abdullah Ahmad bakarajo samo jo [[Sarekat Islam|Ketua Sarekat Islam]] [[Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto|Tjokroaminoto]] untuak mandirikan majalah ''Al-Islam'' di [[Surabaya]].{{sfn|Abuddin Nata|2005|pp=15}} Majalah iko manandoi dimulainyo panarimoan kaum Muslim Nusantara tahadok panggunoan huruf Latin, salain tatap manggunokan huruf Jawi.{{sfn|Laffan|2003|pp=178}}{{sfn|Yudi Latif|2005|pp=182}} == Baranti tabik == ''Al-Munir'' baranti tabik pado tahun 1915.{{sfn|Burhanuddin Daya|1990|pp=119}} Pado edisi tarakhia pado tanggal 5 Rabiulawal 1333 ditampilkan karangan papisahan jo judul "Khatama". Dalam karangan itu dinyatokan bahsonyo "''Al-Munir'' indak dapek dilanjuikkan lai. Namun, kapado pambaco jo masarakaik Islam dianjuakan agar taruih manambah ilmunyo jo rajin mambaco."{{sfn|Rusydi Hamka|1986|pp=72}} Tahantinyo panabitan majalah iko diduga akibaik kakurangan dana. Pado edisi-edisi tarakhia, berkali-kali dimuek pangumuman kapado agen-agen jo langganan untuak mangirimkan pitih langganannyo. Di sisi lain, para ulama nan mangalola majalah iko samo sakali indak mampunyoi latar balakang sabagai padagang. Panabitan pado waktu itu diadokan hanyo untuak tujuan dakwah, tanpa ado kamampuan bisnis jo profesionalitas.{{sfn|Ensiklopedia Islam|2002}} Tigo tahun sasudah barakhianyoa Al-Munir, [[Sumatra Thawalib]] (usulan [[Abdul Karim Amrullah]]) manabikan majalah jo namo ''Al-Munir Al-Manar'' di [[Padang Panjang]] pado 1918.{{sfn|Gusti Asnan|200|pp=167}} Majalah iko dipimpin dek cendekiawan Muslim [[Zainuddin Labay El Yunusi]], nan marupokan kakak dari [[Rahmah El Yunusiyyah]]. Namun, majalah iko hanyo batahan salama anam tahun. Penerbitan Al-Munir Al-Manar tahanti sasudah kamatian Zainuddin Labay El Yunusi pada 1924.{{sfn|Mochtar Effendy|2001|pp=411}} ''Al-Munir Al-Manar'' acok disabuik sabagai kalanjutan majalah ''Al-Munir''.{{sfn|Yusuf Abdullah Puar|1989|pp=83}} Sama jo Al-Munir, majalah iko tabik duo kali sabulan, pada awal jo patangahan bulan. == Rujuakan == <references /> === Daptar Pustaka === * {{Cite book|title=Sejarah Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia|last=Yunus|first=Mahmud|publisher=PT. Hidakarya Agung|year=1996|isbn=|location=Jakarta|pages=79-83|ref={{sfnRef|Yunus, Mahmud|1996}}}} * {{cite book |title=Gerakan Pembaharuan Pemikiran Islam |last=Burhanuddin Daya |first= |year=1990 |location=Jakarta |publisher=Tiara Wacana |pages=117 |isbn= |ref={{sfnRef|Burhanuddin Daya|1990|pp=117}} }} * {{cite book |title= Islam and the Secular State in Indonesia |last= Luthfi Assyaukanie |first= |year= 2009 |location= |publisher= Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |pages= 38 |isbn= 981-230-889-X |ref= {{sfnRef|Luthfi Assyaukanie|2009|pp=38}} }} * {{cite book |title= Inteligensia Muslim dan Kuasa |last= Yudi Latief |first= |year= 2005 |location= |publisher= Mizan Pustaka |pages= |isbn= 979-433-400-6 |ref= {{sfnRef|Yudi Latif|2005|pp=181}} }} * {{cite book |title= Tokoh-tokoh Pembaruan Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia |last= Abuddin Nata |first= |year= 2005 |location= |publisher= Raja Grafindo Persada |pages= |isbn= 979-3654-58-9 |ref= {{sfnRef|Abuddin Nata|2005|pp=15}} }} * {{cite book |title= Ayahku |last= Hamka |first= |year= 1962 |location= Jakarta |publisher= Uminda |pages= 99 |isbn= |ref= {{sfnRef|Hamka|1962|pp=99}} }} * {{cite book |title= Etos Iman, Ilmu, dan Amal dalam Gerakan Islam |last= Rusydi Hamka |first= |year= 1986 |location= |publisher= Pustaka Panjimas |pages= 72 |isbn= |ref= {{sfnRef|Rusydi Hamka|1986|pp=72}} }} * {{cite book |title= Ensiklopedi Agama dan Filsafat |last= Mochtar Effendy |first= |year= 2001 |location= |publisher= |pages= 411 |Volume= 3 |isbn= 979-587-151-X |ref= {{sfnRef|Mochtar Effendy|2001|pp=411}} }} * {{cite book |title= Kamus Sejarah Minangkabau |last= Gusti Asnan |first= |year= 2003 |location= |publisher= Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Minangkabau |pages= 167 |isbn= 979-97407-0-3 |ref= {{sfnRef|Gusti Asnan|200|pp=167}} }} * {{cite book |title= Ensiklopedia Islam, Jilid 4 |last= Dewan Redaksi Ensiklopedia Islam |first= |year= 2002 |location= Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru van Hoeve |publisher= Departemen Agama Indonesia |pages= |isbn= 979-8276-65-5 |ref= {{sfnREf|Ensiklopedia Islam|2002}} }} * {{cite book |title= Perjuangan dan Pengabdian Muhammadiyah |last= Yusuf Abdullah Puar |first= |year= 1989 |location= |publisher= Pustaka Antara |pages= |isbn= 979-8013-00-X |ref= {{sfnref|Yusuf Abdullah Puar|1989|pp=83}} }} [[Kategori:Entri manggunokan rujuakan WikiPustakaSumatra]] [[Kategori:Majalah Islam]] [[Kategori:Pers di Sumatera Barat]] bqxphxw6ojjog57e5pfb4zefd8po9p0 0 473135 3173217 3161761 2025-06-20T15:57:58Z 103.10.121.170 3173217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|fake}}[[Berkas:23º_Foro_Parlamentario_Asia_Pacífico_-_Fadli_Zon_(INDONESIA)_(16079511930).jpg|jmpl|250x250px|Fadli Zon pado acara Forum Parlemen Asia Pasifik 2015.]] [[Doktor|Dr.]] [[Haji (gelar)|H.]] '''Fadli Zon''', [[Sarjana|S.S.]], [[:en:en:Master of Science|M.Sc.]], gelar '''Datuak Bijo Dirajo Nan Kuniang'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indonesiabright.org/2014/11/fadlizon-sif-fellow-alumnus-now-house-deputy-chairman/|title=Salinan arsip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604113033/https://indonesiabright.org/2014/11/fadlizon-sif-fellow-alumnus-now-house-deputy-chairman/|archive-date=2023-06-04|dead-url=no|access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref> ({{Lahiamati|[[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]|1|6|1971}}) adalah seorang [[politikus]] dan mantan [[aktivis]] [[Indonesia]] yang pernah menjabat sebagai [[Daftar Wakil Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia|Wakil Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia]] periode 2014–2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dpr.go.id/id/pimpinan|title=Pimpinan DPR|date=2 Oktober 2014|website=[[DPR RI]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014201608/http://dpr.go.id/id/pimpinan|archive-date=2014-10-14|dead-url=yes|access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref> Bersama [[Prabowo Subianto]], ia ikut mendirikan [[Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya]] (Gerindra) dan menjabat sebagai Wakil Ketua Umum. Sejak 8 Oktober 2015, ia juga dipercaya sebagai Presiden Organisasi Parlemen Antikorupsi Se-Dunia ({{lang-en|''Chairman of Global Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption'' (GOPAC)}}.'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3039712/jadi-presiden-organisasi-parlemen-antikorupsi-se-dunia-ini-visi-fadli-zon|title=Jadi Presiden Organisasi Parlemen Antikorupsi se-Dunia, ini Visi Fadli Zon|last=Rahardjo|first=Edzan|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-12-31|archive-date=2023-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231053640/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3039712/jadi-presiden-organisasi-parlemen-antikorupsi-se-dunia-ini-visi-fadli-zon|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Latar balakang jo kaluargo == Fadli Zon lahir di [[Jakarto|Jakarta]], jo marupokan anak partamo dari tigo dunsanak pasangan Zon Harjo jo Ellyda Yatim. Kaduo urang gaeknyo basamo [[Bangso Minangkabau|suku Minangkabau]] barasa dari Payakumbuh, [[Sumatera Barat]]. Fadli Zon dibari duo anak, Shafa Sabila Fadli jo Zara Saladina Fadli.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/fadli-zon|title=merdeka.com|website=www.merdeka.com|access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref> == Pandidikan == Fadli Zon mangaluwakan masa keteknyo jo mancapai pandidikan dasar di kampuang Cisarua, Bogor. Inyo mancapai pandidikan dasar di SDN Cibereum 3, Cisarua, Bogor dan manarusannyo di SMPN 1 Cisarua , di Gadog, Bogor, kamudian pindah ka SMP Fajar Jakarta. Salain itu inyo pindah ka [[Jakarto|Jakarta]] dan manjalehan pandidikan di SMA 31 Jakarta. Fadli mangaji salamo duo taun di SMA Negeri 31, Jakarta Timur, sabalun akhirnya mandapek beasiswa dari [[Bangunan antarbudayo|AFS]] (American Field Service) ka [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]], [[Amerika Sarikat|Amerika Serikat]] dan lulus jo predikat ''summa cum laude.''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.viva.co.id/siapa/read/174-fadli-zon|title=Profil Fadli Zon Ss M Sc - VIVA|date=2016-11-14|website=www.viva.co.id|language=id|access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref> Fadli salajengnyo manjalehan studinyo di program studi Sastra Rusia, [[Universitas Indonesia]]Fakultas Sastra Universitas Indonesia (kini FIB UI). Salamo kuliah, Fadli aktif di bamacam-macam organisasi, baik dalam maupun di lua kampus. Inyo pernah manjadi Ketua Biro Pendidikan Senat Mahasiswa FSUI (1992-1993), Sekretaris Jenderal Senat MahasiswaFSUI (1993), Ketua Komisi Hubungan Luar Senat Mahasiswa UI (1993-1994).<ref name=":0" /> Inyo aktif dalam kehidupan politik kampus jo mamimpin babarapo demonstrasi jo manghidupkan kalompok-kalompok studi di dalam kampus UI era awal 1990-an. Salain itu, inyo juo basaruihan jo Teater Sastra UI. Di lua kampus, inyo pernah manjadi Sekjen jo Presiden Indonesia Student Association for International Studies (ISAFIS) pado 1993-1995, pangurus pusat KNPI (1996-1999), pangurus pusat Gerakan Pemuda Islam (1996-1999), jo anggota Asian Conference on Religion and Peace (ACRP) sajak 1996.<ref name=":1" /> Pado taun 1994, Fadli Zon dipilih sabagai [[Mahasiswa Berprestasi Utama Universitas Indonesia|Mahasiswa Berprestasi (Mawapres) I Universitas Indonesia]] jo Mahasiswa Ber Prestasi III Tingkat Nasional jo mamimpin delegasi mahasiswa Indonesia pado [[Pasatuan Banso-banso Asia Tenggara|ASEAN]] Varsities Debate IV (1994) di Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dpr.go.id/blog/biografi/id/1416|title=Anggota DPR RI - Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat|last=RI|first=Setjen DPR|website=www.dpr.go.id|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118043005/https://www.dpr.go.id/blog/biografi/id/1416|archive-date=2023-01-18|dead-url=yes|access-date=2023-01-18}}</ref> Pado taun 2002, inyo manyalasaikan pandidikan di London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) di bawah pangajaran [[John Harriss]] jo [[Robert Wade]]. Inyo mandapek gelar Master of Science (M.Sc) Development Studies dari The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) Inggirih. Pado taun 2016, inyo mandapek gelar doktoral dari Departemen Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya (FIB), Universitas Indonesia. == Politiak == === Anggota MPR RI (1997–1999) === Karir politik Fadli Zon mulai tampak pado taun 1997-1999, inyo manjadi anggota MPR RI dari golongan mudo dan aktif sabagai asistén Badan Pekerja Panitia Adhoc I nan mambuek GBHN. Untuak manjamin intelektualnyo, Fadil Zon juo manubuakan lembaga kajian publik jo namo [[Institute for policy studies|Institut]] for Policy Studies (IPS).<ref>{{Cite news|last=https://www.viva.co.id/siapa/read/174-fadli-zon-ss-m-sc|first=|date=|title=profil fadli zon|url=|work=viva news|access-date=}}</ref> === Wakil Ketua DPR RI (2014-2019) === Fadli Zon diangkek sabagai Wakil Ketua DPR RI pado 2 Oktober 2014. Pamilihan ketua jo 5 wakil ketua DPR surang dilakuan pasampelanantikan jo sumpah jabatan 555 Anggota DPR periode 2014-2019 di ruang paripurna Gedung Nusantara, Senayan, Jakarta, MPR RI. Sistem nan dipakai untuak pamilihan marujuak kapado [[UU MD3]], nan mamarentahkan Ketua DPR jo wakilnyo untuak dihiasi dalam satu paket dek faksi-faksi di DPR. Fadli Zon adolah dalam pakek nan diusulkan dek limo faksi dalam Koalisi Merah Putih iyolah Partai [[Golkar]], [[Gerindra]], [[Partai Keadilan Sejahtera|PKS]], [[PPP]], [[Partai Demokrat (Indonesia)|Partai Demokrat]], jo [[Pan]], jo pimpinan Setya Novanto. Walaupun sempat diwarnai kekarangan, pakek ketua jo wakil ketua dari Koalisi Merah Putih iko akhirnya dipiliah sacaro aklamasi dan indak ado pakek sainggo dilantik dek ketua [[Mahkamah Agung]] [[Hatta Ali]] pado ari nan samo malam hari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/xml/2014/10/02/11063481/Fadli.Zon.dari.Wartawan.hingga.Wakil.Ketua.DPR|title=Fadli Zon, dari Wartawan hingga Wakil Ketua DPR|last=BHAGYA NUGRAHA|first=ANGGA|date=2014-10-02|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref> === President GOPAC (2015–2019) === Fadli Zon kapilih manjadi ketua [[GOPAC]] (Global Organization Of Parliamentarians Against Corruption) untuak periode 2015-2017. Inyo sabalunnyo adolah calon tunggal nan dicalonkan dek SEAPAC (Southeast Asia Parliamentarians Against Corruption) dan balari jo calon regional lainnyo yaitu John Hyde, politisi senior Australia jo Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu dari Ghana. Fadli Zon alah duo kalinyo mangumpuakan Organisasi Parlemen Dunia Anti Korupsi tasabuik, iyolah pado taun 2015 - 2017 jo Periode Tahun 2017-2019.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sahana|first=Munarsih|date=|title=Konferensi GOPAC|url=https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/konferensi-global-parlemen-internasional-pilih-fadli-zon-ketua-gopac/2996957.html|work=VOA News|access-date=2023-12-31|archive-date=2022-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711034041/https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/konferensi-global-parlemen-internasional-pilih-fadli-zon-ketua-gopac/2996957.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> GOPAC adolah sabuah organisasi parlemen dunia nan berbasis di Kanada nan fokus utamo pado pambangunan korupsi. GOPAC sampai kini punyo 50 cabang di limo benua. GOPAC Indonesia marupokan salah satu bagian dari GOPAC pado tingkat internasional. === Waketum Gerindra (2008–sekarang) === Pado taun 2008, samo jo [[Prabowo Subianto]], Fadli Zon manubuakan [[Partai Gerindra]]. Fadli Zon adolah Wakil Ketua Umum dari taun 2008 kini.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/09/20/11450171/susunan-pengurus-gerindra-terbaru-dari-ketua-umum-pengurus-harian-hingga-12|title=Susunan Pengurus Gerindra Terbaru, dari Ketua Umum, Pengurus Harian hingga 12 Wakil|last=Chusna Farisa|first=Fitria|date=2020-09-20|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref> === Ketua BKSAP DPR RI (2019–2024) === Fadli Zon dipilih sabagai Ketua Badan Koperasi Antar Parlemen ([[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia|BKSAP]]) DPR RI untuak periode 2019-2024. Dalam rapat panantukan pimpinan BKSAP nan dipimpin dek Wakil Ketua DPR RI Koordinator Bidang Politik jo Kaamanan (Korpolkam) Azis Syamsuddin, disatujuakan Pimpinan BK SAP tadiri dari 1 Ketua jo 4 Wakil Ketua. Dalam rapat panantukan nan dilaksanakan di Gedung Nusantara III, Senayan, Jakarta, Senin (4/11/2019), Anggota DPR RI dari F-Gerindra Fadli Zon dicaliak sabagai Ketua BKSAP. Sungguah-sungguahnyo, kaduo wakil ketua nan ditutuik adolah Charles Honoris (F-PDI Perjuangan), Putu Supadma Rudana (F-Demokrat), [[Mardani Ali Sera|Mardani]] (F-KPS), jo Achmad Hafisz Tohir (F-PAN).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sabangkota.go.id/berita/kategori/berita/panitia-kerja-indo-pasifik-bksap-dpr-ri-kunker-ke-kota-sabang|title=Panitia Kerja Indo-Pasifik BKSAP DPR RI Kunker ke Kota Sabang|last=Adminkota|website=sabangkota.go.id|language=en|access-date=2024-01-06}}</ref> == Rujuakan == fbn2e5agu8v9rflqvv7mw4nlvzhysvv 10 476239 3173213 2025-06-20T12:53:42Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "{{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Brunei Darussalam | common_name = Brunei | native_name = {{native name|ms|Negara Brunei Darussalam}} | image_flag = Flag of Brunei.svg | image_flag2 = | image_coat = Emblem of Brunei.svg | symbol_type = Lambang | national_motto = {{Vunblist|{{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|الدائمون المحسنون بالهدى}}}}|''Ad-dāʾimūna al-muḥsinūna..." 3173213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Brunei Darussalam | common_name = Brunei | native_name = {{native name|ms|Negara Brunei Darussalam}} | image_flag = Flag of Brunei.svg | image_flag2 = | image_coat = Emblem of Brunei.svg | symbol_type = Lambang | national_motto = {{Vunblist|{{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|الدائمون المحسنون بالهدى}}}}|''Ad-dāʾimūna al-muḥsinūna bi-l-hudā''|({{Lang|ms|Sentiasa membuat kebajikan dengan petunjuk Allah}})|Salalu babuek kabaikan jo bimbiangan Allah}} | national_anthem = {{Vunblist|''[[Allah Peliharakan Sultan]]''|{{Lang|ms-Arab|{{Script|Arab|ﷲ ڤليهاراکن سلطان}}}}|Allah Malinduangi Sultan}}{{Parabr}}{{Center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Allah Peliharakan Sultan.oga]]}} | image_map = [[File:Brunei (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]] | map_caption = | capital = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] | coordinates = {{Coord|4|53.417|N|114|56.533|E|type:city(290,000)_region:BN-BM|format=dms}} | largest_city = capital | languages_type = Bahaso resmi | languages = [[Bahaso Malayu|Malayu]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Deterding|first1=David|last2=Athirah|first2=Ishamina|date=22 July 2016|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-phonetic-association/article/brunei-malay/37436246DB8F85B1EAA498E5389A3D49|title=Brunei Malay|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/S0025100316000189|access-date=15 May 2022|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=47|pages=99–108|s2cid=201819132|archive-date=15 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515100911/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-phonetic-association/article/brunei-malay/37436246DB8F85B1EAA498E5389A3D49|url-status=live| issn=0025-1003 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> | languages2_type = Bahaso jo<br/>dialek lainnyo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BN|title=Brunei|work=Ethnologue (Free All) |publisher=Ethnologue|date=19 February 1999|access-date=30 December 2013|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421142814/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BN|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>McLellan, J., Noor Azam Haji-Othman, & Deterding, D. (2016). The Language Situation in Brunei Darussalam. In Noor Azam Haji-Othman., J. McLellan & D. Deterding (Eds.), ''The use and status of language in Brunei Darussalam: A kingdom of unexpected linguistic diversity'' (pp. 9–16). Singapore: Springer.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://borneobulletin.brunei-online.com/index.php/2013/10/25/call-to-add-ethnic-languages-as-optional-subject-in-schools/|title=Call to add ethnic languages as optional subject in schools|access-date=19 November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131119230503/http://borneobulletin.brunei-online.com/index.php/2013/10/25/call-to-add-ethnic-languages-as-optional-subject-in-schools/|archive-date=19 November 2013}}</ref> | languages2 = {{hlist |[[Bahaso Malayu Brunei|Malayu Brunei]] | Inggirih | [[Bahaso Tutong|Tutong]] |[[Kedayan]] |[[Bahaso Belait|Belait]] |Cino ([[Bahaso Hokkien|Hokkien]], [[Bahaso Hakka|Hakka Cino]], [[Bahaso Cino Baku|Cino Baku]] jo [[Bahaso Kanton|Kanton]]) |[[Bahaso Lun Bawang|Murut]] |[[Bahaso Dusun|Dusun]] |[[Bahaso Bisaya Brunei|Brunei Bisaya]] }}{{infobox|child=yes |label1 = [[Tulisan resmi]] |data1 = {{vunblist |[[Abjaik Malayu|Alfabet Malayu (Rumi)]] |[[Abjaik Jawi]]<ref>[http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/10/22/writing-contest-promotes-usage-history-jawi-script Writing contest promotes usage, history of Jawi script] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612065057/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/10/22/writing-contest-promotes-usage-history-jawi-script |date=12 June 2012 }}. The Brunei Times (22 October 2010)</ref>}} }}<!--end hack--> | ethnic_groups = {{vunblist | 73,7% [[Urang Malayu Brunei|Malayu]] | 9,6% [[Urang Cino Malayu|Cino]] | 16,6% lainnyo }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2023 | ethnic_groups_ref =<ref name="deps.gov.bn">{{Cite web|title=Population by Religion, Sex and Census Year|url=http://www.deps.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Time-Series3.html|access-date=17 March 2021|archive-date=1 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401024235/http://www.deps.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Time-Series3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | religion = {{vunblist|82,1% [[Islam di Brunei|Islam Sunni]] ([[Agamo nagara|resmi]]) |6,7% Kristen |6,3% [[Agamo Buddha|Buddha]] |4,9% lainnyo (tamasuak [[kapicayoan tradisional]])}} | religion_year = 2021 | religion_ref =<ref name="deps.gov.bn" /> | demonym = [[Urang Brunei|Bruneian]] | government_type = [[Monarki absolut]] Islam kesatuan | leader_title1 = [[Daftar Sultan Brunei|Sultan]] jo [[Pardana Mantari Brunei|Pardana Mantari]] | leader_name1 = [[Hassanal Bolkiah]] | leader_title2 = [[Pangeran Mahkota]] jo Mantari Senior | leader_name2 = [[Al-Muhtadee Billah]] | legislature = Indak ado{{efn|Tadapek Dewan Legislatif, nan indak mampunyoi kuaso legislatif.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Brunei Darussalam |publisher=United Nations |issue=Human Rights Council |page=4 |url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/lib-docs/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session6/BN/A_HRC_WG6_6_BRN_1_E.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/lib-docs/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session6/BN/A_HRC_WG6_6_BRN_1_E.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=27 August 2022}}</ref> Karano perannyo hanyo konsultatif, mako dewan tu indak dianggap sabagai badan legislatif.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brunei: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/brunei/freedom-world/2020 |website=Freedom House |language=en |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827212534/https://freedomhouse.org/country/brunei/freedom-world/2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Brunei |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/brunei/ |website=United States Department of State |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928234434/https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/brunei/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} | sovereignty_type = [[Sajarah Brunei|Pambantuakan]] | established_event1 = [[Kasultanan Brunei (1368–1888)|Kasultanan badiri]] | established_date1 = {{circa|1368}} | established_event2 = [[Protektorat Inggirih|Nagara protektorat Inggirih]] | established_date2 = 17 September 1888 | established_event3 = Mardeka dari Baritania Rayo | established_date3 = 1 Januari 1984 | area_km2 = 5765<ref name=Brunei-Muara>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.information.gov.bn/PublishingImages/SitePages/Publication%20Lists/Brunei%20District.pdf|title=Brunei-Muara District|edition=2nd|website=Information.gov.bn|publisher=Information Department, [[Prime Minister's Office (Brunei)|Prime Minister's Office, Brunei Darussalam]]|year=2010|page=8|isbn=978-99917-49-24-2|access-date=3 May 2024|archive-date=2 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602004313/http://www.information.gov.bn/PublishingImages/SitePages/Publication%20Lists/Brunei%20District.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | area_rank = ka-164 <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 2226 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 8,6 | population_estimate = 460.345<ref name="depd.gov.bn">{{Cite web|url=http://www.depd.gov.bn/SitePages/Population.aspx|title= Population|website=Department of Economic Planning and Development |language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-12|archive-date=20 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320011146/http://www.depd.gov.bn/SitePages/Population.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2020 | population_estimate_rank = ka-169 | population_census = 417.256 | population_census_year = 2016 | population_density_km2 = 72,11 | population_density_sq_mi = 186,75 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 134th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $33,875&nbsp;miliar<ref name="IMFWEO.BN">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=516,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Brunei) |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101081305/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=516,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2024 | GDP_PPP_rank = ka-145 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $76.864<ref name="IMFWEO.BN" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 9th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $15.783&nbsp;miliar<ref name="IMFWEO.BN" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2024 | GDP_nominal_rank = ka-122 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $35.813<ref name="IMFWEO.BN" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ka-23 | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.837 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref =<ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref> | HDI_rank = ka-60 | currency = [[Dollar Brunei]] | currency_code = BND | time_zone = [[Wakatu Brunei|Wakatu Standar Brunei]] | utc_offset = +8 | drives_on = kida | calling_code = [[+673]]{{ref label|Calling Code|c}} | cctld = [[.bn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/bn.html |title=Delegation Record for .BN |publisher=IANA |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=9 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909114943/http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/bn.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | footnote_a = {{note|Calling Code}} Juo 080 dari [[Malaysia Timur]] |nama=Brunei infobox }}<noinclude>[[Kategori:Templat kotak info nagara]] [[Kategori:Templat Brunei]]</noinclude> qa06ymypdmxb720o1731a0nh6iyv49p 3173216 3173213 2025-06-20T12:56:51Z Rang Djambak 14874 3173216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Brunei Darussalam | common_name = Brunei | native_name = {{native name|ms|Negara Brunei Darussalam}} | image_flag = Flag of Brunei.svg | image_flag2 = | image_coat = Emblem of Brunei.svg | symbol_type = Lambang | national_motto = {{Vunblist|{{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|الدائمون المحسنون بالهدى}}}}|''Ad-dāʾimūna al-muḥsinūna bi-l-hudā''|({{Lang|ms|Sentiasa membuat kebajikan dengan petunjuk Allah}})|Salalu babuek kabaikan jo bimbiangan Allah}} | national_anthem = {{Vunblist|''[[Allah Peliharakan Sultan]]''|{{Lang|ms-Arab|{{Script|Arab|ﷲ ڤليهاراکن سلطان}}}}|Allah Malinduangi Sultan}}{{Parabr}}{{Center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Allah Peliharakan Sultan.oga]]}} | image_map = [[File:Brunei (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]] | map_caption = | capital = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] | coordinates = {{Coord|4|53.417|N|114|56.533|E|type:city(290,000)_region:BN-BM|format=dms}} | largest_city = capital | languages_type = Bahaso resmi | languages = [[Bahaso Malayu|Malayu]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Deterding|first1=David|last2=Athirah|first2=Ishamina|date=22 July 2016|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-phonetic-association/article/brunei-malay/37436246DB8F85B1EAA498E5389A3D49|title=Brunei Malay|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/S0025100316000189|access-date=15 May 2022|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=47|pages=99–108|s2cid=201819132|archive-date=15 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515100911/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-phonetic-association/article/brunei-malay/37436246DB8F85B1EAA498E5389A3D49|url-status=live| issn=0025-1003 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> | languages2_type = Bahaso jo<br/>dialek lainnyo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BN|title=Brunei|work=Ethnologue (Free All) |publisher=Ethnologue|date=19 February 1999|access-date=30 December 2013|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421142814/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BN|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>McLellan, J., Noor Azam Haji-Othman, & Deterding, D. (2016). The Language Situation in Brunei Darussalam. In Noor Azam Haji-Othman., J. McLellan & D. Deterding (Eds.), ''The use and status of language in Brunei Darussalam: A kingdom of unexpected linguistic diversity'' (pp. 9–16). Singapore: Springer.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://borneobulletin.brunei-online.com/index.php/2013/10/25/call-to-add-ethnic-languages-as-optional-subject-in-schools/|title=Call to add ethnic languages as optional subject in schools|access-date=19 November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131119230503/http://borneobulletin.brunei-online.com/index.php/2013/10/25/call-to-add-ethnic-languages-as-optional-subject-in-schools/|archive-date=19 November 2013}}</ref> | languages2 = {{hlist |[[Bahaso Malayu Brunei|Malayu Brunei]] | Inggirih | [[Bahaso Tutong|Tutong]] |[[Kedayan]] |[[Bahaso Belait|Belait]] |Cino ([[Bahaso Hokkien|Hokkien]], [[Bahaso Hakka|Hakka Cino]], [[Bahaso Cino Baku|Cino Baku]] jo [[Bahaso Kanton|Kanton]]) |[[Bahaso Lun Bawang|Murut]] |[[Bahaso Dusun|Dusun]] |[[Bahaso Bisaya Brunei|Brunei Bisaya]] }}{{infobox|child=yes |label1 = [[Tulisan resmi]] |data1 = {{vunblist |[[Abjaik Malayu|Alfabet Malayu (Rumi)]] |[[Abjaik Jawi]]<ref>[http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/10/22/writing-contest-promotes-usage-history-jawi-script Writing contest promotes usage, history of Jawi script] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612065057/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/10/22/writing-contest-promotes-usage-history-jawi-script |date=12 June 2012 }}. The Brunei Times (22 October 2010)</ref>}} }}<!--end hack--> | ethnic_groups = {{vunblist | 73,7% [[Urang Malayu Brunei|Malayu]] | 9,6% [[Urang Cino Malayu|Cino]] | 16,6% lainnyo }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2023 | ethnic_groups_ref =<ref name="deps.gov.bn">{{Cite web|title=Population by Religion, Sex and Census Year|url=http://www.deps.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Time-Series3.html|access-date=17 March 2021|archive-date=1 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401024235/http://www.deps.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Time-Series3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | religion = {{vunblist|82,1% [[Islam di Brunei|Islam Sunni]] ([[Agamo nagara|resmi]]) |6,7% Kristen |6,3% [[Agamo Buddha|Buddha]] |4,9% lainnyo (tamasuak [[kapicayoan tradisional]])}} | religion_year = 2021 | religion_ref =<ref name="deps.gov.bn" /> | demonym = [[Urang Brunei|Bruneian]] | government_type = [[Monarki absolut]] Islam kesatuan | leader_title1 = [[Daftar Sultan Brunei|Sultan]] jo [[Pardana Mantari Brunei|Pardana Mantari]] | leader_name1 = [[Hassanal Bolkiah]] | leader_title2 = [[Pangeran Mahkota]] jo Mantari Senior | leader_name2 = [[Al-Muhtadee Billah]] | legislature = Indak ado{{efn|Tadapek [[Majelis Nagara Brunei|Dewan Legislatif]], nan indak mampunyoi kuaso legislatif.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Brunei Darussalam |publisher=United Nations |issue=Human Rights Council |page=4 |url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/lib-docs/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session6/BN/A_HRC_WG6_6_BRN_1_E.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/lib-docs/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session6/BN/A_HRC_WG6_6_BRN_1_E.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=27 August 2022}}</ref> Karano perannyo hanyo konsultatif, mako dewan tu indak dianggap sabagai badan legislatif.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brunei: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/brunei/freedom-world/2020 |website=Freedom House |language=en |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827212534/https://freedomhouse.org/country/brunei/freedom-world/2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Brunei |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/brunei/ |website=United States Department of State |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928234434/https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/brunei/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} | sovereignty_type = [[Sajarah Brunei|Pambantuakan]] | established_event1 = [[Kasultanan Brunei (1368–1888)|Kasultanan badiri]] | established_date1 = {{circa|1368}} | established_event2 = [[Protektorat Inggirih|Nagara protektorat Inggirih]] | established_date2 = 17 September 1888 | established_event3 = Mardeka dari Baritania Rayo | established_date3 = 1 Januari 1984 | area_km2 = 5765<ref name=Brunei-Muara>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.information.gov.bn/PublishingImages/SitePages/Publication%20Lists/Brunei%20District.pdf|title=Brunei-Muara District|edition=2nd|website=Information.gov.bn|publisher=Information Department, [[Prime Minister's Office (Brunei)|Prime Minister's Office, Brunei Darussalam]]|year=2010|page=8|isbn=978-99917-49-24-2|access-date=3 May 2024|archive-date=2 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602004313/http://www.information.gov.bn/PublishingImages/SitePages/Publication%20Lists/Brunei%20District.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | area_rank = ka-164 <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 2226 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 8,6 | population_estimate = 460.345<ref name="depd.gov.bn">{{Cite web|url=http://www.depd.gov.bn/SitePages/Population.aspx|title= Population|website=Department of Economic Planning and Development |language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-12|archive-date=20 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320011146/http://www.depd.gov.bn/SitePages/Population.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2020 | population_estimate_rank = ka-169 | population_census = 417.256 | population_census_year = 2016 | population_density_km2 = 72,11 | population_density_sq_mi = 186,75 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 134th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $33,875&nbsp;miliar<ref name="IMFWEO.BN">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=516,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Brunei) |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101081305/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=516,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2024 | GDP_PPP_rank = ka-145 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $76.864<ref name="IMFWEO.BN" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 9th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $15.783&nbsp;miliar<ref name="IMFWEO.BN" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2024 | GDP_nominal_rank = ka-122 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $35.813<ref name="IMFWEO.BN" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ka-23 | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.837 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref =<ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref> | HDI_rank = ka-60 | currency = [[Dollar Brunei]] | currency_code = BND | time_zone = [[Wakatu Brunei|Wakatu Standar Brunei]] | utc_offset = +8 | drives_on = kida | calling_code = [[+673]]{{ref label|Calling Code|c}} | cctld = [[.bn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/bn.html |title=Delegation Record for .BN |publisher=IANA |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=9 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909114943/http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/bn.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | footnote_a = {{note|Calling Code}} Juo 080 dari [[Malaysia Timur]] |nama=Brunei infobox }}<noinclude>[[Kategori:Templat kotak info nagara]] [[Kategori:Templat Brunei]]</noinclude> brs18fs6o84248f7xw5a89x986ecp18 0 476240 3173234 2025-06-21T11:42:26Z 202.65.229.140 Mambuek -> Harimau putiah 3173234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|kaluargo [[Panthera]]|pantek|lubang pantek|makanan harimau|Tuna sirip biru atlantik}}{{bukan|kuciang}}{{Infobox spesies|image=White tigers Audubon Zoo.jpg|image_caption=Harimau putiah di [[kabun binatang]] Audubon, [[New Orleans]]|image2=White Bengal Tigers.jpg|image2_caption=Duo harimau putiah [[kabun binatang]] [[Singapua]]{{br}}{{sadang karajo}}|item = Q643213| synonyms = |subdivision ={{br}}{{br}} [[Berkas:Commons-logo.svg|al=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] [[c:Panthera tigris#Subspecies - السلالات|Media: {{PAGENAME}}]]{{br}}[[Berkas:Wikispecies-logo.svg|al=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] [[Species:Panthera tigris#Vernacular names|Media: {{PAGENAME}}]] | synonyms_ref = }}'''Harimau putiah''' adolah [[harimau]] nan mambao gen resesif nan manghasilkan [[Pigmen|pawaronoan]] pucatnyo. Ado juo ciek fitur genetik nan manyababkan belangnyo [[bawarono]] pudar juo. Harimau ko go tamasuak [[hewan]] nan [[Kecerdasan intelektual|pandai]] [[baranang]]. {{Binatang-stub}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q643213}} [[Kategori:Harimau]] [[Kategori:Hewan]] na7irduzassbunoi3i8ql08nn933unt