Wikipedia minwiki https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utamo MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.6 first-letter Media Istimewa Rundiang Pangguno Rundiang Pangguno Wikipedia Rundiang Wikipedia Berkas Rundiang Berkas MediaWiki Rundiang MediaWiki Templat Rundiang Templat Bantuan Rundiang Bantuan Kategori Rundiang Kategori Portal Diskusi Portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Rundiang Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 10 901 3174505 1373339 2025-06-24T12:00:24Z Rang Djambak 14874 3174505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}}||{{#if:{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{1|+}}}|{{{1|-}}}|<div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px;">&#8203;</div>|{{main other|[[Category:Marriage template anomalies|N{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}}}}} <div style="display:inline;white-space:nowrap;">{{#if:{{{1|}}} |{{trim|{{#if:{{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}} |<div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;{{#if:{{{2|}}}{{in string|source={{{1}}}|target=<br|plain=true|nomatch=}}|margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;|{{str ≥ len|1={{delink|{{{1}}}}}|2=20|3=margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;}}}}">{{{1|}}}</div> {{#if:{{{2|}}} |{{#if:{{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}}|<div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px;">&#8203;</div>}} |{{#if:{{in string|source={{{1}}}|target=<br|plain=true|nomatch=}} |<div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px;">&#8203;</div> |{{str ≥ len|1={{delink|{{{1}}}}}|2=20 |3=<div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px;">&#8203;</div>}} }}}} |<div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;{{#if:{{in string|source={{{1}}}|target=<br|plain=true|nomatch=}}|margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;|{{str ≥ len|1={{delink|{{{1}}}}}|2={{if both|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|15|20}}|3=margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;}}}}">{{{1|}}}</div> {{#if:{{in string|source={{{1}}}|target=<br|plain=true|nomatch=}} |<div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px;">&#8203;</div> |{{str ≥ len|1={{delink|{{{1}}}}}|2={{if both|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|15|20}} |3=<div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px;">&#8203;</div>}}}} }}}}}}&#32;<div style="display:inline-block;{{#if:{{in string|source={{{1}}}|target=<br|plain=true|nomatch=}}|margin-bottom:1px;|{{str ≥ len|1={{delink|{{{1}}}}}|2={{if both|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|15|20}}|3=margin-bottom:1px;|4={{#if:{{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|margin-bottom:1px;}}}}}}}}">&#8203;</div>&#40;<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}} |{{abbr|m.|menikah}}&nbsp;{{#ifeq:{{{end|+}}}|<!-- {{{end|-}}} --> |{{#switch:{{{3|}}} | = sesudah&nbsp;}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|{{#time:Y|{{{2|}}}}} |{{{2|}}} |{{hover title|dotted=no|2={{#iferror: {{#time:Y|{{{2|}}}}} | {{main other|[[Category:Marriage template errors|I{{PAGENAME}}]]}}<span style="color:red;">invalid year</span>|{{#time:Y|{{{2|}}}}}}}|1={{{2|}}}}} }} |{{#if:{{{3|}}}{{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}}||{{main other|[[Category:Marriage template errors|N{{PAGENAME}}]]}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}}||<span style="color:red;">no value</span>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}|&#44;&#32;}}}}}} }}{{#if:{{{3|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}}| |{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&#x2060;&#8211;&#x2060;|{{abbr|m.|menikah}}&nbsp;{{#ifeq:{{{end|+}}}|{{{end|-}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{end|+}}}|{{{end|-}}} | hingga | sebelum }} |{{#ifeq:{{{reason|+}}}|{{{reason|-}}} | hingga | sebelum }}}}&nbsp;}} |{{#if:{{{2|}}} |&#59;&#32; }}{{#switch:{{lc:{{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}}}} | d | d. | died | m | m. | meninggal = meninggal&nbsp; | div | div. | divorce | divorced | c | c. | cerai = {{abbr|c.|cerai}}&nbsp; | w | w. | wid | wid. | widow | widowed | menjanda | menduda | janda | duda= {{main other|[[Category:Marriage template errors|W{{PAGENAME}}]]}}<span style="color:red;">invalid reason</span>&nbsp; | = <!--(reason marriage ended not supplied)--> | #default = {{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}}&nbsp; }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}} |{{Str ≠ len|{{{3}}}|4 |{{#ifexpr:{{#time:Ymd|{{Wdib |P570|fwd=ALL|maxvals=1|noicon=true|pd=yes|df=ymd}} }} >= {{#time:Ymd|{{{3|}}}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{#time:Ymd|{{if empty|{{Wdib |P570|fwd=ALL|maxvals=1|noicon=true|pd=yes|df=ymd}}|{{tomorrow}} }}}} = {{#time:Ymd|{{{3|}}}}} |{{#if:{{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}} |{{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} |{{main other|[[Category:Marriage template anomalies|D{{PAGENAME}}]]}}{{if preview|<var>{{colored link|red|Category:Marriage template anomalies|{{First word|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}|sep=,}}{{#ifeq:{{Str endswith|{{First word|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}|sep=,}}|s}}|yes|'|'s}} date of death}}</var>|{{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} }}}} |{{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} }} |{{main other|[[Category:Marriage template anomalies|P{{PAGENAME}}]]}}{{if preview|<var>{{colored link|red|Category:Marriage template anomalies|{{#ifexpr:{{#time:Ymd}} >= {{#time:Ymd|{{{3|}}}}}|posthumous|future}} date}}</var>|{{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} }}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{#time:Y|{{Wdib |P570|fwd=ALL|maxvals=1|noicon=true|pd=yes|df=y}} }} >= {{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} |{{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} |{{main other|[[Category:Marriage template anomalies|P{{PAGENAME}}]]}}{{if preview|<var>{{colored link|red|Category:Marriage template anomalies|{{#ifexpr:{{#time:Y}} >= {{{3|}}}|posthumous|future}} year}}</var>|{{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} }}}} }} |{{{3|}}} |{{hover title|dotted=no|2={{#iferror: {{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} | {{main other|[[Category:Marriage template errors|I{{PAGENAME}}]]}}<span style="color:red;">invalid year</span> |{{Str ≠ len|{{{3}}}|4 |{{#ifexpr:{{#time:Ymd|{{Wdib |P570|fwd=ALL|maxvals=1|noicon=true|pd=yes|df=ymd}} }} >= {{#time:Ymd|{{{3|}}}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{#time:Ymd|{{if empty|{{Wdib |P570|fwd=ALL|maxvals=1|noicon=true|pd=yes|df=ymd}}|{{tomorrow}} }}}} = {{#time:Ymd|{{{3|}}}}} |{{#if:{{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}} |{{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} |{{main other|[[Category:Marriage template anomalies|D{{PAGENAME}}]]}}{{if preview|<var>{{colored link|red|Category:Marriage template anomalies|{{First word|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}|sep=,}}{{#ifeq:{{Str endswith|{{First word|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}|sep=,}}|s}}|yes|'|'s}} date of death}}</var>|{{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} }}}} |{{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} }} |{{main other|[[Category:Marriage template anomalies|P{{PAGENAME}}]]}}{{if preview|<var>{{colored link|red|Category:Marriage template anomalies|{{#ifexpr:{{#time:Ymd}} >= {{#time:Ymd|{{{3|}}}}}|posthumous|future}} date}}</var>|{{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} }}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{#time:Y|{{Wdib |P570|fwd=ALL|maxvals=1|noicon=true|pd=yes|df=y}} }} >= {{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} |{{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} |{{main other|[[Category:Marriage template anomalies|P{{PAGENAME}}]]}}{{if preview|<var>{{colored link|red|Category:Marriage template anomalies|{{#ifexpr:{{#time:Y}} >= {{{3|}}}|posthumous|future}} year}}</var>|{{#time:Y|{{{3|}}}}} }}}} }}}}|1={{{3|}}}}} }} |{{#if:{{{2|}}} |{{#if:{{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}}|&#44;&#32;|}} }}{{#switch:{{lc:{{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}}}} | d | d. | died | m | m. | meninggal = died | div | div. | divorce | divorced | c | c. | cerai = divorced | w | w. | wid | wid. | widow | widowed | menjanda | menduda | janda | duda= {{main other|[[Category:Marriage template errors|W{{PAGENAME}}]]}}<span style="color:red;">invalid reason</span> | = <!--(reason marriage ended not supplied)--> | #default = {{{end|{{{reason|}}}}}} }} }}&#41;<wbr />&#8203;</div><!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Marriage template errors|U{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Marriage]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | end | reason }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> kktjnc49jrwaxk6dq55wgp4cpywxbrr 10 3687 3174519 2013067 2025-06-24T12:52:58Z Rang Djambak 14874 3174519 wikitext text/x-wiki {|class="infobox vcard" style="width: 23.5em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;" |- | colspan="2" style="font-size: larger; text-align: center;" class="fn org"| '''{{{name}}}''' |- {{#if: {{{image|}}}| {{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" {{!}} [[image:{{{image}}}|{{{imagesize|260px}}}]]<br>{{{caption|}}}}} {{#if: {{{map_type|}}}| {{!}}- {{!}} colspan="2" {{!}} <center>{{Location map|{{{map_type}}}|lat={{{latitude}}}|long={{{longitude}}}|width={{{map_size|220}}}|float=center|border=none|caption={{{map_caption|Lokasi dalam {{{map_type}}}}}}}}}}</center> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #ccccff; text-align: center;" | Informasi bangunan |- ! Lokasi | <span class="label">{{{location_town}}}</span> |- ! Nagara | {{{location_country}}} |- {{#if: {{{latitude|}}}| ! [[Sistem koordinat geografi|Koordinat]] {{!}} {{coord|{{{latitude}}}|{{{longitude}}}|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}}} |- class="note" {{#if: {{{architect|}}}| ! Arsitek {{!}} {{{architect|}}}}} |- {{#if: {{{client|}}}| ! Klien {{!}} {{{client|}}}}} |- {{#if: {{{engineer|}}}| ! Insinyur {{!}} {{{engineer|}}}}} |- {{#if: {{{construction_start_date|}}}| ! Awal dibangun {{!}} {{{construction_start_date|}}}}} |- class="note" {{#if: {{{completion_date|}}}| ! Salasai {{!}} {{{completion_date|}}}}} |- {{#if: {{{date_demolished|}}}| ! Rubuah {{!}} {{{date_demolished|}}}}} |- {{#if: {{{cost|}}}| ! Biaya {{!}} {{{cost|}}}}} |- {{#if: {{{structural_system|}}}| ! Sistem struktural {{!}} {{{structural_system|}}}}} |- class="note" {{#if: {{{style|}}}| ! Jinih {{!}} {{{style|}}}}} |- {{#if: {{{size|}}}| ! Ukuran {{!}} {{{size|}}}}} |- |}<noinclude> [[Kategori:Templat kotak info bangunan]] </noinclude> 8njwv65bogh4uqmd40jfu8r78dmr11a 3 230766 3174522 487896 2025-06-24T20:13:35Z A09 17933 A09 mamindahan laman [[Rundiang Pangguno:Belarus2578]] ka [[Rundiang Pangguno:Dhhdjrkjrjeiei38337]] tanpa mambuek pangaliahan: Secara otomatis memindahkan halaman ketika mengganti nama pengguna "[[Special:CentralAuth/Belarus2578|Belarus2578]]" menjadi "[[Special:CentralAuth/Dhhdjrkjrjeiei38337|Dhhdjrkjrjeiei38337]]" 487896 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #abf5d5; background-color:#f1fcf5; padding: .5em .5em .2em .5em " ! style="border-bottom:1px solid #abf5d5; background-color:#d0f5e5; padding:0.2em 0.5em 0.2em 0.5em; font-weight:bold; font-size: 120%" | '''[[Wikipedia:Salamaik datang|Salamaik datang]] Sanak {{PAGENAME}} di [[Wikipedia bahaso Minang]]!'''[[Kategori:Wikipediawan nan bagabuang bulan Maret 2015]] |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid #f1fcf5; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em; text-align: left; font-size:95%;" | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:.5em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" | style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #AFA3BF; background-color:#faf5ff;" | <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #AFA3BF; background-color:#ddcef2; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 1em; font-weight:bold">[[Berkas:Crystal Clear app kedit.svg|right|48px|link=|Mamulai]] '''Mamuloi'''</div> <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #AFA3BF; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em"> * Pangguno baru dapek mancaliak laman <u>'''[[Wikipedia:Panganta|Panganta Wikipedia]]'''</u> talabiah daulu. * Dunsanak dapek mampakanalan diri pado Wikipediawan lainnyo di [[Wikipedia:Laman pakanalan|Laman pakanalan]] * Untuak mancubo manyuntiang, gunoan '''[[Wikipedia:Bak kasiak|bak kasiak]]'''.{{#ifexist:Pangguno:{{PAGENAME}}|| * Tulihan juo sangenek propil Sanak di: [{{fullurl:Pangguno:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&preload=Templat:Sd/Propil}}&editintro=Templat:Sd/Editintro3 Pangguno:{{PAGENAME}}], laman propil jo ruang paribadi Sanak, bia awak dapek labiah mangenal Sanak.}} * Baco juo''' [[Wikipedia:Aturan nan disadaranokan|aturan nan disadaranokan]]''' sabalun malanjuikan. Iko adolah hal-hal nan mandasa nan paralu dikatahui jo sado panyuntiang Wikipedia. </div> <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #AFA3BF; background-color:#ddcef2; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 1em; font-weight:bold">[[File:Crystal Project Contexthelp.png|right|54px|link=|Bantuan]] '''Bantuan'''</div> <div style="padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em"> * [[Bantuan:Isi]] - tampek mancari informasi tantang caro bakontribusi di Wikipedia, sabalun batanyo pado pangguno lain. * [[Wikipedia:Tanyo jawek|FAQ]] - patanyoan nan acok diajuan tantang Wikipedia. </div> | style="padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background-color:#f1fcf5;"| | style="width:50%%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#f1f5fc;" | <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#d0e5f5; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 1em; font-weight:bold">[[File:Crystal Project Ktip.png|right|48px|link=|Tips]] '''''Tips'''''</div> <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #abd5f5; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em"> * [[Bantuan:Tando tangan|Salalu tando tangani]] patanyoan Sanak pado diskusi di [[Wikipedia:Kadai Kopi|Kadai Kopi]] ataupun pado [[Wikipedia:Laman rundiang|laman maota.]] Caronyo, ketikan 4 tando "tilda" <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> pado akia pasan Sanak. Iko akan otomatis diubah manjadi namo pangguno Sanak sarato jo tanggal. * Jan lupo baco [[Wikipedia:Kabijakan|prinsip jo padoman dasar]] Wikipedia. * Nio mambuek atau manyuntiang laman? Caliak dulu [[Wikipedia:Padoman gaya|padoman gaya]] Wikipedia. Lalu caliek pulo [[Wikipedia:Mamulai laman baru|caro mamulai laman baru]] sarato [[Wikipedia:Manyuntiang sabuah laman|caro manyuntiang laman]]. </div> <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#d0e5f5; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 1em; font-weight:bold">[[Berkas:Crystal Clear action reload.png|right|44px|link=|Mambuek kasalahan?]] '''Mambuek kasalahan?'''</div> <div style="solid #abd5f5; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em"> * [[Wikipedia:Jan tababani dek aturan|'''''Jan takuik!''''']] Sanak indak paralu takuik salah gai do, saaik manyuntiang ataupun mambuek laman baru, manambuahan ataupun maapuih kalimaik.<p>[[Wikipedia:Panguruih|Panguruih]] sarato [[Wikipedia:Wikipediawan|pangguno]] lainnyo nan mamantau [[Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru|parubahan tabaru]] akan capek manamuan kasalahan Sanak dan mangumbaliannyo ka bantuak samulo.</p> </div> |} : <i>'''Welcome!''' If you are not an Indonesian speaker, you may want to visit the [[Wikipedia:Kadutaan|Minangkabau Wikipedia embassy]] or [[Wikipedia:Babel/min-0|a slight info to find users speaking your language]]. Enjoy!</i> : '''Salamaik manjalajah''', kami manunggu suntiangan Sanak di [[Wikipedia bahaso Minang]]! :[[Pangguno:Wagino Bot|Wagino Bot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Wagino Bot|maota]]) 12 Maret 2015 07.43 (WIB) |} q66aatu0ahunn2y6v2anz6fp9645867 0 323363 3174523 1649429 2025-06-25T01:38:52Z 102.208.51.51 3174523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious building | building_name = Ka'bah | native_name = {{lang|ar|الكعبة}} | native_name_lang = ar | image = مكة المكرمة (54569).jpg | caption = | location = [[Makah]], {{flag|Arab Saudi}} | religious_affiliation = [[Islam]] | rite = Tawaf | status = [[Masajik]] | materials = [[Batu]], [[Marmer]] }} '''Ka'bah''' ({{lang-ar|الكعبة|translit=al-Ka‘bah|lit=kubus}}; {{IPA-ar|alˈkaʕba|IPA}}), marujuak ka '''Al Ka'bah Al Musyarrafah''' (Ka'bah Nan Suci), adolah sabuah bangunan di tangah-tangah [[masajik]] paliang suci dalam agamo [[Islam]]. bq4boisjijr7sr1ktvrzn84jy57egu9 0 474399 3174520 3154291 2025-06-24T12:57:28Z Rang Djambak 14874 3174520 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Panorama Bandar Seri Begawan 19.05.2018.jpg|thumb|Panorama kota]] '''Bandar Seri Begawan''' adolah ibu kota jo kota tagadang nagara [[Brunei|Brunei Darussalam]]. Kota ko pado tahun 2007 mampunyoi panduduak 100.700 jiwa jo wilayah sagadang 100.36 kilometer persegi (38,75 mil persegi).<ref name="pop_est">{{Cite web |url=http://www.municipal-bsb.gov.bn/SitePages/Maklumat%20Bandaran.aspx |title=Jabatan Bandaran Bandar Seri Begawan, Kementerian Hal Ehwal Dalam Negeri – Maklumat Bandaran |website=municipal-bsb.gov.bn |language=ms-BN |access-date=2 October 2017 |archive-date=2 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002115536/http://www.municipal-bsb.gov.bn/SitePages/Maklumat%20Bandaran.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kota bagian dari [[Distrik Brunei-Muaro]], distrik taketek tapi tapadek nan manjadi rumah bagi 70% panduduak nagara ko.<ref name="OBG">{{cite web |url=https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/built-environment-public-works-are-providing-stream-contracts-while-reforms-and-economic |title=Built environment: Public works are providing a stream of contracts, while reforms and economic diversification pave the way for further growth &#124; Brunei Darussalam 2013 &#124; Oxford Business Group |website=oxfordbusinessgroup.com |date=2 May 2013 |access-date=14 July 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714084304/https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/built-environment-public-works-are-providing-stream-contracts-while-reforms-and-economic |archive-date=14 July 2022}}</ref> Pamukiman manusia di Brunei dapek ditelusuri baliak ka abak ka-6 jo ka-7 jo adonyo pusek padagangan Malayu jo palabuahan parikanan di dakek lokasi kota ko.<ref name="Corporation2007">{{cite book |author=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |title=World and Its Peoples: Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Brunei |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=72VwCFtYHCgC&pg=PA1206 |year=2007 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=9780761476429 |page=1206}}</ref> Pamukiman patamo di tapi [[Sungai Brunei]] dapek ditelusuri hinggo abaik ka-8 dimano tadapek pamukiman nan sarupo jo nan ado di Kampong Ayer, dakek lokasi [[Museum Brunei]] kini ko jo kota moderen barado di sabarangnyo.<ref name="Cybriwsky2013">{{cite book|author=Roman Adrian Cybriwsky|title=Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32|year=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-248-9|page=32}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Bandar Seri Begawan]] [[Kategori:Ibu kota nagara di Asia]] [[Kategori:Kota di Brunei]] egarvrki42mivncmryeknce3saa02vf 3174521 3174520 2025-06-24T12:58:38Z Rang Djambak 14874 3174521 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Panorama Bandar Seri Begawan 19.05.2018.jpg|thumb|Panorama kota]] '''Bandar Seri Begawan''' adolah ibu kota jo kota tagadang nagara [[Brunei|Brunei Darussalam]]. Kota ko pado tahun 2007 mampunyoi panduduak 100.700 jiwa jo wilayah sagadang 100.36 kilometer persegi (38,75 mil persegi).<ref name="pop_est">{{Cite web |url=http://www.municipal-bsb.gov.bn/SitePages/Maklumat%20Bandaran.aspx |title=Jabatan Bandaran Bandar Seri Begawan, Kementerian Hal Ehwal Dalam Negeri – Maklumat Bandaran |website=municipal-bsb.gov.bn |language=ms-BN |access-date=2 October 2017 |archive-date=2 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002115536/http://www.municipal-bsb.gov.bn/SitePages/Maklumat%20Bandaran.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kota bagian dari [[Distrik Brunei-Muaro]], distrik taketek tapi tapadek nan manjadi rumah bagi 70% panduduak nagara ko.<ref name="OBG">{{cite web |url=https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/built-environment-public-works-are-providing-stream-contracts-while-reforms-and-economic |title=Built environment: Public works are providing a stream of contracts, while reforms and economic diversification pave the way for further growth &#124; Brunei Darussalam 2013 &#124; Oxford Business Group |website=oxfordbusinessgroup.com |date=2 May 2013 |access-date=14 July 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714084304/https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/built-environment-public-works-are-providing-stream-contracts-while-reforms-and-economic |archive-date=14 July 2022}}</ref> Pamukiman manusia di Brunei dapek ditelusuri baliak ka abaik ka-6 jo ka-7 dengan adonyo pusek padagangan Malayu jo palabuahan parikanan di dakek lokasi kota ko.<ref name="Corporation2007">{{cite book |author=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |title=World and Its Peoples: Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Brunei |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=72VwCFtYHCgC&pg=PA1206 |year=2007 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=9780761476429 |page=1206}}</ref> Pamukiman patamo di tapi [[Sungai Brunei]] dapek ditelusuri hinggo abaik ka-8 dimano tadapek pamukiman nan sarupo jo nan ado di Kampong Ayer, dakek lokasi [[Museum Brunei]] kini ko jo kota moderen barado di sabarangnyo.<ref name="Cybriwsky2013">{{cite book|author=Roman Adrian Cybriwsky|title=Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32|year=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-248-9|page=32}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Bandar Seri Begawan]] [[Kategori:Ibu kota nagara di Asia]] [[Kategori:Kota di Brunei]] 04mcu6i7nch1nsnwo1qzqz863i06yqs 0 476248 3174508 3174504 2025-06-24T12:09:21Z Rang Djambak 14874 3174508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Hassanal Bolkiah <br/> {{Script/Arabic|حسن البلقية}} | image = Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah - 53857993945.jpg | caption = Hassanal Bolkiah pado 2024 | succession = [[Daftar Sultan Brunei|Sultan Brunei]] | reign = 5 Oktober 1967 – kini | coronation = 1 Agustus 1968 | predecessor = [[Umar Ali Saifuddin III]] | suc-type = {{nowrap|Pawaris tahta}} | successor = [[Al-Muhtadee Billah]] | birth_name = Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|7|15|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Istano Darussalam]], Kota Brunei, Protektorat Inggirih Brunei | full name = Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Ratu Saleha dar Brunei|Pengiran Anak Saleha]]|28 Juli 1965}} * {{marriage|[[Mariam Abdul Aziz]]|1981|2003}} * {{marriage|[[Azrinaz Mazhar Hakim]]|2005|2010|end=div}}}} | issue = {{Collapsible list |[[Putri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah]] |[[Putri Muta-Wakkilah Hayatul Bolkiah]] |[[Al-Muhtadee Billah|Pangeran Mahkota Al-Muhtadee Billah]] |[[Putri Majeedah Nuurul Bolkiah]] |[[Putri Hafizah Sururul Bolkiah]] |[[Pangeran Abdul Azim dari Brunei|Pangeran Abdul Azim]] |[[Pangeran Abdul Malik dari Brunei|Pangeran Abdul Malik]] |[[Putri Azemah Ni'matul Bolkiah]] |[[Putri Fadzilah Lubabul Bolkiah]] |[[Pangeran Abdul Mateen dari Brunei|Pangeran Abdul Mateen]] |Pangeran Abdul Wakeel |Putri Ameerah Wardatul Bolkiah }} | house = [[Wangsa Bolkiah|Bolkiah]] | father = Umar Ali Saifuddin III | mother = [[Ratu Damit dari Brunei|Pengiran Anak Damit]] | signature = Signature of Hassanal Bolkiah.svg }} '''Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah''' ({{lahirmati||15|7|1946}}) adolah [[Daftar Sultan Brunei|Sultan Brunei]] sajak 1967, jo [[Daftar Pardana Mantari Brunei|Pardana Mantari]] sajak kamardekaan nagara tu dari [[Baritania Rayo]] pado 1984. Inyo marupokan salah ciek dari saketek rajo absolut nan tasiso di dunia. Anak laki-laki patamo dari Sultan [[Umar Ali Syaifuddin III dari Brunei|Umar Ali Syaifuddin III]] jo Rajo Isteri [[Ratu Damit dari Brunei|Pengiran Anak Damit]], Bolkiah adolah sultan ka-29 nan naiak tahta Brunei, sasudah ayahnyo turun tahta pado tahun 1967. Bolkiah kini ko manjadi salah surang urang takayo di dunia. Pado tahun 2023, Bolkiah dikatoan mampunyoi kakayaan barasiah sabanyak $50 miliar.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Anuj Tiwari |date=2025-02-02 |title=500 Rolls-Royce, Palace Of Gold - Everything About The Lavish Life Of The Sultan Of Brunei |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/social-relevance/sultan-of-brunei-hassanal-bolkiah-and-his-net-worth-560996.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref> Salain itu, Bolkiah marupokan rajo jo kapalo nagara talamo di dunia kini ko.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 October 2017 |title=World's second-longest reigning monarch, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, marks golden jubilee in style |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/the-buzz/article/worlds-second-longest-reigning-brunei-monarch-sultan-hassanal-bolkiah-marks-golden-jubilee-in-style/101287 |access-date=14 September 2018 |publisher=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> Pado tanggal 5 Oktober 2017, Bolkiah marayoan [[Yubelium Ameh Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah|Yubelium Ameh]] nan manandoan 50 tahun pamarintahannyo.<ref name="Ganguly2017">{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Manisha |author-link=Manisha Ganguly |date=5 October 2017 |title=Sultan of Brunei's Golden Jubilee celebrated with chariot parade |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/05/asia/brunei-sultan-jubilee-celebration/index.html |access-date=23 October 2017 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> == Kahidupan awal == Pangeran Hassanal Bolkiah lahia pado 15 Juli 1946{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=50}} di Istano Darussalam, katiko apaknyo Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin sadang mamarintah.{{sfn|Muhammad Bin Haji Awg. Damit|1997|p=212}}<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Prime-Minister |url=https://www.pmo.gov.bn/SitePages/minister-and-senior-officials/Prime-Minister.aspx |access-date=2024-07-04 |publisher=[[Prime Minister's Office (Brunei)|Prime Minister's Office]] |place=Brunei Darussalam}}</ref> Ayahnyo nan katiko itu pawaris tahta, manjadian Bolkiah urutan kaduo sabagai pawaris.{{sfn|Leifer|2013|p=76}} Inyo mampunyoi tigo sanak laki-laki jo anam sanak padusi.<ref>{{Cite book |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZ2xDAAAQBAJ&dq=Raja+Isteri+Pengiran+Anak+Damit&pg=PA11 |title=The Report: Brunei Darussalam 2014 |date=2014-12-04 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-910068-15-1 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> Pandidikan awalnyo dimulai di Surau Istano Darul Hana pado 1955 hinggo 1959, basamo jo anggota kaluarga karajaan lainnyo.{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=51}} Inyo manyalasaian kalas tigonyo di Sakola Malayu Jamalul Alam pado usia sambilan tahun.{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=50}} Dalam wakatu tigo bulan, inyo bisa mambaco sastra Inggirih jo dalam ampek tahun mancapai kalas anam. Inyo tatarik jo palajaran sains, bahaso, jo sijarah.{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=53}} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bibliografi == {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book |author=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ez4xOQAACAAJ |title=Perpuspaan Ogos 1968 |date=1968 |language=ms}} * {{Cite web |author=Muhammad Bin Haji Awg. Damit |year=1997 |title=Pengukuhan Sistem Monarki di Brunei 1945–1984 (Ke Arah Kemerdekaan, 1967-1984) |url=http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/708/6/BAB5.pdf |access-date=2024-05-24 |website= |publisher=[[University of Malaya]] |pages=211-213, 216, 218-219 |publication-place=Kuala Lumpur |via=studentsrepo.um.edu.my}} * {{cite book |last1=Leifer |first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UCl7VE4VMIC&q=sultan%20of%20brunei%201967%20sandhurst&pg=PA76 |title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia |date=13 May 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135129453}} {{Refend}} [[Kategori:Sultan Brunei]] kuubej63chfxhbs5lt1i18joxewwa21 3174509 3174508 2025-06-24T12:11:06Z Rang Djambak 14874 3174509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Hassanal Bolkiah <br/> {{Script/Arabic|حسن البلقية}} | image = Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah - 53857993945.jpg | caption = Hassanal Bolkiah pado 2024 | succession = [[Daftar Sultan Brunei|Sultan Brunei]] | reign = 5 Oktober 1967 – kini | coronation = 1 Agustus 1968 | predecessor = [[Umar Ali Saifuddin III]] | suc-type = {{nowrap|Pawaris tahta}} | successor = [[Al-Muhtadee Billah]] | birth_name = Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|7|15|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Istano Darussalam]], Kota Brunei, Protektorat Inggirih Brunei | full name = Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Ratu Saleha dar Brunei|Pengiran Anak Saleha]]|28 Juli 1965}} * {{marriage|[[Mariam Abdul Aziz]]|1981|2003}} * {{marriage|[[Azrinaz Mazhar Hakim]]|2005|2010|end=div}}}} | issue = {{Collapsible list |[[Putri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah]] |[[Putri Muta-Wakkilah Hayatul Bolkiah]] |[[Al-Muhtadee Billah|Pangeran Mahkota Al-Muhtadee Billah]] |[[Putri Majeedah Nuurul Bolkiah]] |[[Putri Hafizah Sururul Bolkiah]] |[[Pangeran Abdul Azim dari Brunei|Pangeran Abdul Azim]] |[[Pangeran Abdul Malik dari Brunei|Pangeran Abdul Malik]] |[[Putri Azemah Ni'matul Bolkiah]] |[[Putri Fadzilah Lubabul Bolkiah]] |[[Pangeran Abdul Mateen dari Brunei|Pangeran Abdul Mateen]] |Pangeran Abdul Wakeel |Putri Ameerah Wardatul Bolkiah }} | house = [[Wangsa Bolkiah|Bolkiah]] | father = Umar Ali Saifuddin III | mother = [[Ratu Damit dari Brunei|Pengiran Anak Damit]] | signature = Signature of Hassanal Bolkiah.svg }} '''Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah''' ({{lahirmati||15|7|1946}}) adolah [[Daftar Sultan Brunei|Sultan Brunei]] sajak 1967, jo [[Daftar Pardana Mantari Brunei|Pardana Mantari]] sajak kamardekaan nagara tu dari [[Baritania Rayo]] pado 1984. Inyo marupokan salah ciek dari saketek rajo absolut nan tasiso di dunia. Anak laki-laki patamo dari Sultan [[Umar Ali Syaifuddin III dari Brunei|Umar Ali Syaifuddin III]] jo Rajo Isteri [[Ratu Damit dari Brunei|Pengiran Anak Damit]], Bolkiah adolah sultan ka-29 nan naiak tahta Brunei, sasudah ayahnyo turun tahta pado tahun 1967. Bolkiah kini ko manjadi salah surang urang takayo di dunia. Pado tahun 2023, Bolkiah dikatoan mampunyoi kakayaan barasiah sabanyak $50 miliar.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Anuj Tiwari |date=2025-02-02 |title=500 Rolls-Royce, Palace Of Gold - Everything About The Lavish Life Of The Sultan Of Brunei |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/social-relevance/sultan-of-brunei-hassanal-bolkiah-and-his-net-worth-560996.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref> Salain itu, Bolkiah marupokan rajo jo kapalo nagara talamo di dunia kini ko.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 October 2017 |title=World's second-longest reigning monarch, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, marks golden jubilee in style |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/the-buzz/article/worlds-second-longest-reigning-brunei-monarch-sultan-hassanal-bolkiah-marks-golden-jubilee-in-style/101287 |access-date=14 September 2018 |publisher=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> Pado tanggal 5 Oktober 2017, Bolkiah marayoan [[Yubelium Ameh Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah|Yubelium Ameh]] nan manandoan 50 tahun pamarintahannyo.<ref name="Ganguly2017">{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Manisha |author-link=Manisha Ganguly |date=5 October 2017 |title=Sultan of Brunei's Golden Jubilee celebrated with chariot parade |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/05/asia/brunei-sultan-jubilee-celebration/index.html |access-date=23 October 2017 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> == Kahidupan awal == Pangeran Hassanal Bolkiah lahia pado 15 Juli 1946{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=50}} di [[Istano Darussalam]], katiko apaknyo Sultan [[Ahmad Tajuddin dari Brunei|Ahmad Tajuddin]] sadang mamarintah.{{sfn|Muhammad Bin Haji Awg. Damit|1997|p=212}}<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Prime-Minister |url=https://www.pmo.gov.bn/SitePages/minister-and-senior-officials/Prime-Minister.aspx |access-date=2024-07-04 |publisher=[[Prime Minister's Office (Brunei)|Prime Minister's Office]] |place=Brunei Darussalam}}</ref> Ayahnyo nan katiko itu pawaris tahta, manjadian Bolkiah urutan kaduo sabagai pawaris.{{sfn|Leifer|2013|p=76}} Inyo mampunyoi tigo sanak laki-laki jo anam sanak padusi.<ref>{{Cite book |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZ2xDAAAQBAJ&dq=Raja+Isteri+Pengiran+Anak+Damit&pg=PA11 |title=The Report: Brunei Darussalam 2014 |date=2014-12-04 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-910068-15-1 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> Pandidikan awalnyo dimulai di Surau [[Istano Darul Hana]] pado 1955 hinggo 1959, basamo jo anggota kaluarga karajaan lainnyo.{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=51}} Inyo manyalasaian kalas tigonyo di Sakola Malayu Jamalul Alam pado usia sambilan tahun.{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=50}} Dalam wakatu tigo bulan, inyo bisa mambaco sastra Inggirih jo dalam ampek tahun mancapai kalas anam. Inyo tatarik jo palajaran sains, bahaso, jo sijarah.{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=53}} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bibliografi == {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book |author=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ez4xOQAACAAJ |title=Perpuspaan Ogos 1968 |date=1968 |language=ms}} * {{Cite web |author=Muhammad Bin Haji Awg. Damit |year=1997 |title=Pengukuhan Sistem Monarki di Brunei 1945–1984 (Ke Arah Kemerdekaan, 1967-1984) |url=http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/708/6/BAB5.pdf |access-date=2024-05-24 |website= |publisher=[[University of Malaya]] |pages=211-213, 216, 218-219 |publication-place=Kuala Lumpur |via=studentsrepo.um.edu.my}} * {{cite book |last1=Leifer |first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UCl7VE4VMIC&q=sultan%20of%20brunei%201967%20sandhurst&pg=PA76 |title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia |date=13 May 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135129453}} {{Refend}} [[Kategori:Sultan Brunei]] d3vtemy64wf7pdn8mezswdwy8yzg79u 3174510 3174509 2025-06-24T12:12:13Z Rang Djambak 14874 3174510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Hassanal Bolkiah <br/> {{Script/Arabic|حسن البلقية}} | image = Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah - 53857993945.jpg | caption = Hassanal Bolkiah pado 2024 | succession = [[Daftar Sultan Brunei|Sultan Brunei]] | reign = 5 Oktober 1967 – kini | coronation = 1 Agustus 1968 | predecessor = [[Omar Ali Saifuddin III]] | suc-type = {{nowrap|Pawaris tahta}} | successor = [[Al-Muhtadee Billah]] | birth_name = Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|7|15|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Istano Darussalam]], Kota Brunei, Protektorat Inggirih Brunei | full name = Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Ratu Saleha dar Brunei|Pengiran Anak Saleha]]|28 Juli 1965}} * {{marriage|[[Mariam Abdul Aziz]]|1981|2003}} * {{marriage|[[Azrinaz Mazhar Hakim]]|2005|2010|end=div}}}} | issue = {{Collapsible list |[[Putri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah]] |[[Putri Muta-Wakkilah Hayatul Bolkiah]] |[[Al-Muhtadee Billah|Pangeran Mahkota Al-Muhtadee Billah]] |[[Putri Majeedah Nuurul Bolkiah]] |[[Putri Hafizah Sururul Bolkiah]] |[[Pangeran Abdul Azim dari Brunei|Pangeran Abdul Azim]] |[[Pangeran Abdul Malik dari Brunei|Pangeran Abdul Malik]] |[[Putri Azemah Ni'matul Bolkiah]] |[[Putri Fadzilah Lubabul Bolkiah]] |[[Pangeran Abdul Mateen dari Brunei|Pangeran Abdul Mateen]] |Pangeran Abdul Wakeel |Putri Ameerah Wardatul Bolkiah }} | house = [[Wangsa Bolkiah|Bolkiah]] | father = Omar Ali Saifuddin III | mother = [[Ratu Damit dari Brunei|Pengiran Anak Damit]] | signature = Signature of Hassanal Bolkiah.svg }} '''Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah''' ({{lahirmati||15|7|1946}}) adolah [[Daftar Sultan Brunei|Sultan Brunei]] sajak 1967, jo [[Daftar Pardana Mantari Brunei|Pardana Mantari]] sajak kamardekaan nagara tu dari [[Baritania Rayo]] pado 1984. Inyo marupokan salah ciek dari saketek rajo absolut nan tasiso di dunia. Anak laki-laki patamo dari Sultan [[Omar Ali Syaifuddin III dari Brunei|Omar Ali Syaifuddin III]] jo Rajo Isteri [[Ratu Damit dari Brunei|Pengiran Anak Damit]], Bolkiah adolah sultan ka-29 nan naiak tahta Brunei, sasudah ayahnyo turun tahta pado tahun 1967. Bolkiah kini ko manjadi salah surang urang takayo di dunia. Pado tahun 2023, Bolkiah dikatoan mampunyoi kakayaan barasiah sabanyak $50 miliar.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Anuj Tiwari |date=2025-02-02 |title=500 Rolls-Royce, Palace Of Gold - Everything About The Lavish Life Of The Sultan Of Brunei |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/social-relevance/sultan-of-brunei-hassanal-bolkiah-and-his-net-worth-560996.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref> Salain itu, Bolkiah marupokan rajo jo kapalo nagara talamo di dunia kini ko.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 October 2017 |title=World's second-longest reigning monarch, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, marks golden jubilee in style |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/the-buzz/article/worlds-second-longest-reigning-brunei-monarch-sultan-hassanal-bolkiah-marks-golden-jubilee-in-style/101287 |access-date=14 September 2018 |publisher=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> Pado tanggal 5 Oktober 2017, Bolkiah marayoan [[Yubelium Ameh Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah|Yubelium Ameh]] nan manandoan 50 tahun pamarintahannyo.<ref name="Ganguly2017">{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Manisha |author-link=Manisha Ganguly |date=5 October 2017 |title=Sultan of Brunei's Golden Jubilee celebrated with chariot parade |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/05/asia/brunei-sultan-jubilee-celebration/index.html |access-date=23 October 2017 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> == Kahidupan awal == Pangeran Hassanal Bolkiah lahia pado 15 Juli 1946{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=50}} di [[Istano Darussalam]], katiko apaknyo Sultan [[Ahmad Tajuddin dari Brunei|Ahmad Tajuddin]] sadang mamarintah.{{sfn|Muhammad Bin Haji Awg. Damit|1997|p=212}}<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Prime-Minister |url=https://www.pmo.gov.bn/SitePages/minister-and-senior-officials/Prime-Minister.aspx |access-date=2024-07-04 |publisher=[[Prime Minister's Office (Brunei)|Prime Minister's Office]] |place=Brunei Darussalam}}</ref> Ayahnyo nan katiko itu pawaris tahta, manjadian Bolkiah urutan kaduo sabagai pawaris.{{sfn|Leifer|2013|p=76}} Inyo mampunyoi tigo sanak laki-laki jo anam sanak padusi.<ref>{{Cite book |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZ2xDAAAQBAJ&dq=Raja+Isteri+Pengiran+Anak+Damit&pg=PA11 |title=The Report: Brunei Darussalam 2014 |date=2014-12-04 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-910068-15-1 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> Pandidikan awalnyo dimulai di Surau [[Istano Darul Hana]] pado 1955 hinggo 1959, basamo jo anggota kaluarga karajaan lainnyo.{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=51}} Inyo manyalasaian kalas tigonyo di Sakola Malayu Jamalul Alam pado usia sambilan tahun.{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=50}} Dalam wakatu tigo bulan, inyo bisa mambaco sastra Inggirih jo dalam ampek tahun mancapai kalas anam. Inyo tatarik jo palajaran sains, bahaso, jo sijarah.{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=53}} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bibliografi == {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book |author=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ez4xOQAACAAJ |title=Perpuspaan Ogos 1968 |date=1968 |language=ms}} * {{Cite web |author=Muhammad Bin Haji Awg. Damit |year=1997 |title=Pengukuhan Sistem Monarki di Brunei 1945–1984 (Ke Arah Kemerdekaan, 1967-1984) |url=http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/708/6/BAB5.pdf |access-date=2024-05-24 |website= |publisher=[[University of Malaya]] |pages=211-213, 216, 218-219 |publication-place=Kuala Lumpur |via=studentsrepo.um.edu.my}} * {{cite book |last1=Leifer |first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UCl7VE4VMIC&q=sultan%20of%20brunei%201967%20sandhurst&pg=PA76 |title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia |date=13 May 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135129453}} {{Refend}} [[Kategori:Sultan Brunei]] 97v9eyd5gaw71gpqz95tttkn6biyc95 3174512 3174510 2025-06-24T12:17:05Z Rang Djambak 14874 3174512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Hassanal Bolkiah <br/> {{Script/Arabic|حسن البلقية}} | image = Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah - 53857993945.jpg | caption = Hassanal Bolkiah pado 2024 | succession = [[Daftar Sultan Brunei|Sultan Brunei]] | reign = 5 Oktober 1967 – kini | coronation = 1 Agustus 1968 | predecessor = [[Omar Ali Saifuddien III]] | suc-type = {{nowrap|Pawaris tahta}} | successor = [[Al-Muhtadee Billah]] | birth_name = Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|7|15|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Istano Darussalam]], Kota Brunei, Protektorat Inggirih Brunei | full name = Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Ratu Saleha dar Brunei|Pengiran Anak Saleha]]|28 Juli 1965}} * {{marriage|[[Mariam Abdul Aziz]]|1981|2003}} * {{marriage|[[Azrinaz Mazhar Hakim]]|2005|2010|end=div}}}} | issue = {{Collapsible list |[[Putri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah]] |[[Putri Muta-Wakkilah Hayatul Bolkiah]] |[[Al-Muhtadee Billah|Pangeran Mahkota Al-Muhtadee Billah]] |[[Putri Majeedah Nuurul Bolkiah]] |[[Putri Hafizah Sururul Bolkiah]] |[[Pangeran Abdul Azim dari Brunei|Pangeran Abdul Azim]] |[[Pangeran Abdul Malik dari Brunei|Pangeran Abdul Malik]] |[[Putri Azemah Ni'matul Bolkiah]] |[[Putri Fadzilah Lubabul Bolkiah]] |[[Pangeran Abdul Mateen dari Brunei|Pangeran Abdul Mateen]] |Pangeran Abdul Wakeel |Putri Ameerah Wardatul Bolkiah }} | house = [[Wangsa Bolkiah|Bolkiah]] | father = Omar Ali Saifuddien III | mother = [[Ratu Damit dari Brunei|Pengiran Anak Damit]] | signature = Signature of Hassanal Bolkiah.svg }} '''Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah''' ({{lahirmati||15|7|1946}}) adolah [[Daftar Sultan Brunei|Sultan Brunei]] sajak 1967, jo [[Daftar Pardana Mantari Brunei|Pardana Mantari]] sajak kamardekaan nagara tu dari [[Baritania Rayo]] pado 1984. Inyo marupokan salah ciek dari saketek rajo absolut nan tasiso di dunia. Anak laki-laki patamo dari Sultan [[Omar Ali Syaifuddin III dari Brunei|Omar Ali Syaifuddin III]] jo Rajo Isteri [[Ratu Damit dari Brunei|Pengiran Anak Damit]], Bolkiah adolah sultan ka-29 nan naiak tahta Brunei, sasudah ayahnyo turun tahta pado tahun 1967. Bolkiah kini ko manjadi salah surang urang takayo di dunia. Pado tahun 2023, Bolkiah dikatoan mampunyoi kakayaan barasiah sabanyak $50 miliar.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Anuj Tiwari |date=2025-02-02 |title=500 Rolls-Royce, Palace Of Gold - Everything About The Lavish Life Of The Sultan Of Brunei |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/social-relevance/sultan-of-brunei-hassanal-bolkiah-and-his-net-worth-560996.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref> Salain itu, Bolkiah marupokan rajo jo kapalo nagara talamo di dunia kini ko.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 October 2017 |title=World's second-longest reigning monarch, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, marks golden jubilee in style |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/the-buzz/article/worlds-second-longest-reigning-brunei-monarch-sultan-hassanal-bolkiah-marks-golden-jubilee-in-style/101287 |access-date=14 September 2018 |publisher=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> Pado tanggal 5 Oktober 2017, Bolkiah marayoan [[Yubelium Ameh Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah|Yubelium Ameh]] nan manandoan 50 tahun pamarintahannyo.<ref name="Ganguly2017">{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Manisha |author-link=Manisha Ganguly |date=5 October 2017 |title=Sultan of Brunei's Golden Jubilee celebrated with chariot parade |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/05/asia/brunei-sultan-jubilee-celebration/index.html |access-date=23 October 2017 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> == Kahidupan awal == Pangeran Hassanal Bolkiah lahia pado 15 Juli 1946{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=50}} di [[Istano Darussalam]], katiko apaknyo Sultan [[Ahmad Tajuddin dari Brunei|Ahmad Tajuddin]] sadang mamarintah.{{sfn|Muhammad Bin Haji Awg. Damit|1997|p=212}}<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Prime-Minister |url=https://www.pmo.gov.bn/SitePages/minister-and-senior-officials/Prime-Minister.aspx |access-date=2024-07-04 |publisher=[[Prime Minister's Office (Brunei)|Prime Minister's Office]] |place=Brunei Darussalam}}</ref> Ayahnyo nan katiko itu pawaris tahta, manjadian Bolkiah urutan kaduo sabagai pawaris.{{sfn|Leifer|2013|p=76}} Inyo mampunyoi tigo sanak laki-laki jo anam sanak padusi.<ref>{{Cite book |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZ2xDAAAQBAJ&dq=Raja+Isteri+Pengiran+Anak+Damit&pg=PA11 |title=The Report: Brunei Darussalam 2014 |date=2014-12-04 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-910068-15-1 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> Pandidikan awalnyo dimulai di Surau [[Istano Darul Hana]] pado 1955 hinggo 1959, basamo jo anggota kaluarga karajaan lainnyo.{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=51}} Inyo manyalasaian kalas tigonyo di Sakola Malayu Jamalul Alam pado usia sambilan tahun.{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=50}} Dalam wakatu tigo bulan, inyo bisa mambaco sastra Inggirih jo dalam ampek tahun mancapai kalas anam. Inyo tatarik jo palajaran sains, bahaso, jo sijarah.{{sfn|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|1968|p=53}} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bibliografi == {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book |author=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ez4xOQAACAAJ |title=Perpuspaan Ogos 1968 |date=1968 |language=ms}} * {{Cite web |author=Muhammad Bin Haji Awg. Damit |year=1997 |title=Pengukuhan Sistem Monarki di Brunei 1945–1984 (Ke Arah Kemerdekaan, 1967-1984) |url=http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/708/6/BAB5.pdf |access-date=2024-05-24 |website= |publisher=[[University of Malaya]] |pages=211-213, 216, 218-219 |publication-place=Kuala Lumpur |via=studentsrepo.um.edu.my}} * {{cite book |last1=Leifer |first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UCl7VE4VMIC&q=sultan%20of%20brunei%201967%20sandhurst&pg=PA76 |title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia |date=13 May 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135129453}} {{Refend}} [[Kategori:Sultan Brunei]] l0y5xin09r07v4r0qajiujoqtvv4e36 10 476249 3174506 2025-06-24T12:02:22Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "{{#ifeq:{{{link}}}|yes |[[{{{2}}}|<span title="{{{1}}}" {{#ifeq:{{{dotted|yes}}}|no| |style="border-bottom:1px dotted" }}>{{{2}}}</span>]] |<span title="{{{1}}}" {{#ifeq:{{{dotted|yes}}}|no| |style="border-bottom:1px dotted" }}>{{{2}}}</span> }}<noinclude> {{dokumentasi}} </noinclude>" 3174506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{link}}}|yes |[[{{{2}}}|<span title="{{{1}}}" {{#ifeq:{{{dotted|yes}}}|no| |style="border-bottom:1px dotted" }}>{{{2}}}</span>]] |<span title="{{{1}}}" {{#ifeq:{{{dotted|yes}}}|no| |style="border-bottom:1px dotted" }}>{{{2}}}</span> }}<noinclude> {{dokumentasi}} </noinclude> pun1btqo5aocb95eqzidqrjs57yvda6 10 476250 3174507 2025-06-24T12:05:11Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr: {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|len|s={{{1|}}}}} != {{{2|0}}} <noinclude><!-- str >= len --></noinclude> | {{{3|}}} | {{{4|}}} }}<noinclude> [[Kategori:Templat manipulasi string]] </noinclude>" 3174507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr: {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|len|s={{{1|}}}}} != {{{2|0}}} <noinclude><!-- str >= len --></noinclude> | {{{3|}}} | {{{4|}}} }}<noinclude> [[Kategori:Templat manipulasi string]] </noinclude> clhwiplk9sqwvc1x6av1d50l8ww53x0 14 476251 3174511 2025-06-24T12:14:41Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "[[Kategori:Kaluarga karajaan Brunei]] [[Kategori:Pamarintahan Brunei]] [[Kategori:Kapalo nagara manuruik nagara]] [[Kategori:Kapalo pamarintahan manuruik nagara]]" 3174511 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Kaluarga karajaan Brunei]] [[Kategori:Pamarintahan Brunei]] [[Kategori:Kapalo nagara manuruik nagara]] [[Kategori:Kapalo pamarintahan manuruik nagara]] 0gun8xla5jrrh4vt1na7cea4xpvfzh2 0 476252 3174513 2025-06-24T12:37:34Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "{{Infobox Historic building | name = Istano Darussalam | image = Istana Darussalam 02.jpg | caption = Istano Darussalam pado 2022 | address = Jalan Istano Darussalam | location_town = [[Kampuang Sumbiliang Lamo]], [[Bandar Seri Begawan]], [[Distrik Brunei–Muaro|Brunei–Muara]] | location_country = [[Brunei]] | coordinates = {{coord|4.8920903|114.9371379|display=inline, title}} | construction_start_date = 1940-an |..." 3174513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Historic building | name = Istano Darussalam | image = Istana Darussalam 02.jpg | caption = Istano Darussalam pado 2022 | address = Jalan Istano Darussalam | location_town = [[Kampuang Sumbiliang Lamo]], [[Bandar Seri Begawan]], [[Distrik Brunei–Muaro|Brunei–Muara]] | location_country = [[Brunei]] | coordinates = {{coord|4.8920903|114.9371379|display=inline, title}} | construction_start_date = 1940-an | completion_date = {{start date and age|1947}} | building_type = Tampek tingga | style = [[Arsitektur vernakular]] [[Rumah Malayu|Malayu]] | material = [[beton]] jo [[kayu]] | size = {{Convert|0.76|acre}} | cost = [[Dolar Brunei|B$]]7,000 }} Istano Darussalam adolah bakeh kadiaman Omar Ali Saifuddien III sakaligus tampek kalahian Sultan Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC&dq=Istana+Manggalela&pg=PA175 |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |date=2009-12-22 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7078-9 |pages=175 |language=en}}</ref> Istano ko talatak di Jalan Darussalam, Kampuang Sumbiliang Lamo Distrik Brunei–Muaro, Brunei.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Latiff (Haji) |first=Adanan Haji Abdul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DrijIf8jUyUC&q=Istana+Kota+Manggalela |title=Bangunan ristaan |date=2011 |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan |isbn=978-99917-0-770-9 |pages=6 |language=ms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Awang.) |first=Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tZRAQAAMAAJ&q=Istana+Kota+Manggalela |title=Adat istiadat Diraja Brunei |date=2003 |publisher=Jabatan Adat Istiadat Negara, Jabatan Perdana Menteri |isbn=978-99917-34-20-0 |pages=29 |language=ms}}</ref> Bangunan tu kini manjadi objek wisata jo barado di bawah palinduangan Undang-Undang Barang Antik jo Harato Karun Bando nan dikalola dek Departemen Museum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jabatan Muzium-Muzium - Monumen dan Tapak-Tapak Arkeologi |url=http://www.museums.gov.bn/Bangunan%20dan%20Galeri/Monumen%20dan%20Tapak-Tapak%20Arkeologi.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.museums.gov.bn}}</ref> == Sijarah == Istano Darussalam mulai dibangun pado tahun 1940-an. Sajumlah paristiwa kanagaraan pantiang pernah tajadi di istano ko, tamasuak kalahian sultan kini, Hassanal Bolkiah pado 15 Juli 1946,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leifer |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UCl7VE4VMIC&q=sultan+of+brunei+1967+sandhurst&pg=PA76 |title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia |date=2013-05-13 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-12945-3 |pages=76 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=USA |first=IBP |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q22yDwAAQBAJ&dq=istana+darussalam&pg=PA99 |title=Brunei Ecology and Nature Protection Handbook |date=2009-03-20 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4387-0633-7 |pages=99 |language=en}}</ref> Pangeran Mohamed Bolkiah pado 29 Agustus 1948,<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BMvsAAAAMAAJ&q=Mohamed+Bolkiah+Istana |title=ASEAN Forecast |date=1985 |publisher=Executive Publication Pte |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref> jo Putri Masna Bolkiah pado 6 September 1948.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC&dq=princess+masna+bolkiah+1948&pg=PA143 |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |date=2009-12-22 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7078-9 |pages=148 |language=en}}</ref> Pado tahun 1947, bagian bawah bangunan digunoan sabagai kantua pribadi dek Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien katiko itu.<ref name=":2" /> Bangunan tu indak digunoan lai dek kaluarga karajaan, meskipun satiok hari Jumaik, pawakian dari Musajik Omar Ali Saifuddien maadoan tahlilan di sinan. Katiko kaluarga karajaan pindah dari Istano Darussalam ka Istano Darul Hana pado tahun 1951, para tamu Omar Ali sempat ditampekan di siko katiko inyo sadang manuntuik ilmu di Malay College, Malaysia.<ref name=":1" /> Pengiran Anak Damit maningga di istana ko pado 13 September 1979 pukua 13.20 dalam umua 55 tahun.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |date=1979-09-19 |title=Jenazah Almarhumah DYTM Paduka Suri Seri Begawan Raja selamat di-makamkan di-Kubah Makam Diraja |url=https://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn/Arkib%20Dokumen/1979/PB%2019%20Sept%201979.pdf |access-date=2023-08-20 |work=Pelita Brunei |pages=1, 16}}</ref> Omar Ali Saifuddien juo maningga di sinan pado 7 September 1986 jo kamudian dikubuan di Pakuburan Dirajo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ap |date=1986-09-11 |title=Omar Ali Saifuddin; Former Brunei Sultan |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/11/obituaries/omar-ali-saifuddin-former-brunei-sultan.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kini ko, Istano Darussalam dirawat dek Departemen Pakarajaan Umum dari Kamantarian Pambangunan, basamo babarapo bangunan lain nan mampunyoi sijarah jo budayo pantiang.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Works Department - Mechanical and Electrical Services |url=http://www.mod.gov.bn/pwd/SitePages/Mechanical%20and%20Electrical%20Services.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.mod.gov.bn}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} aqfeminwks22hj75mduc2i0yokslnig 3174514 3174513 2025-06-24T12:38:32Z Rang Djambak 14874 Mambuek [[Kategori:Istano di Brunei]] manggunoan [[Bantuan:HotCat|HotCat]] 3174514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Historic building | name = Istano Darussalam | image = Istana Darussalam 02.jpg | caption = Istano Darussalam pado 2022 | address = Jalan Istano Darussalam | location_town = [[Kampuang Sumbiliang Lamo]], [[Bandar Seri Begawan]], [[Distrik Brunei–Muaro|Brunei–Muara]] | location_country = [[Brunei]] | coordinates = {{coord|4.8920903|114.9371379|display=inline, title}} | construction_start_date = 1940-an | completion_date = {{start date and age|1947}} | building_type = Tampek tingga | style = [[Arsitektur vernakular]] [[Rumah Malayu|Malayu]] | material = [[beton]] jo [[kayu]] | size = {{Convert|0.76|acre}} | cost = [[Dolar Brunei|B$]]7,000 }} Istano Darussalam adolah bakeh kadiaman Omar Ali Saifuddien III sakaligus tampek kalahian Sultan Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC&dq=Istana+Manggalela&pg=PA175 |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |date=2009-12-22 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7078-9 |pages=175 |language=en}}</ref> Istano ko talatak di Jalan Darussalam, Kampuang Sumbiliang Lamo Distrik Brunei–Muaro, Brunei.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Latiff (Haji) |first=Adanan Haji Abdul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DrijIf8jUyUC&q=Istana+Kota+Manggalela |title=Bangunan ristaan |date=2011 |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan |isbn=978-99917-0-770-9 |pages=6 |language=ms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Awang.) |first=Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tZRAQAAMAAJ&q=Istana+Kota+Manggalela |title=Adat istiadat Diraja Brunei |date=2003 |publisher=Jabatan Adat Istiadat Negara, Jabatan Perdana Menteri |isbn=978-99917-34-20-0 |pages=29 |language=ms}}</ref> Bangunan tu kini manjadi objek wisata jo barado di bawah palinduangan Undang-Undang Barang Antik jo Harato Karun Bando nan dikalola dek Departemen Museum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jabatan Muzium-Muzium - Monumen dan Tapak-Tapak Arkeologi |url=http://www.museums.gov.bn/Bangunan%20dan%20Galeri/Monumen%20dan%20Tapak-Tapak%20Arkeologi.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.museums.gov.bn}}</ref> == Sijarah == Istano Darussalam mulai dibangun pado tahun 1940-an. Sajumlah paristiwa kanagaraan pantiang pernah tajadi di istano ko, tamasuak kalahian sultan kini, Hassanal Bolkiah pado 15 Juli 1946,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leifer |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UCl7VE4VMIC&q=sultan+of+brunei+1967+sandhurst&pg=PA76 |title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia |date=2013-05-13 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-12945-3 |pages=76 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=USA |first=IBP |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q22yDwAAQBAJ&dq=istana+darussalam&pg=PA99 |title=Brunei Ecology and Nature Protection Handbook |date=2009-03-20 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4387-0633-7 |pages=99 |language=en}}</ref> Pangeran Mohamed Bolkiah pado 29 Agustus 1948,<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BMvsAAAAMAAJ&q=Mohamed+Bolkiah+Istana |title=ASEAN Forecast |date=1985 |publisher=Executive Publication Pte |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref> jo Putri Masna Bolkiah pado 6 September 1948.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC&dq=princess+masna+bolkiah+1948&pg=PA143 |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |date=2009-12-22 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7078-9 |pages=148 |language=en}}</ref> Pado tahun 1947, bagian bawah bangunan digunoan sabagai kantua pribadi dek Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien katiko itu.<ref name=":2" /> Bangunan tu indak digunoan lai dek kaluarga karajaan, meskipun satiok hari Jumaik, pawakian dari Musajik Omar Ali Saifuddien maadoan tahlilan di sinan. Katiko kaluarga karajaan pindah dari Istano Darussalam ka Istano Darul Hana pado tahun 1951, para tamu Omar Ali sempat ditampekan di siko katiko inyo sadang manuntuik ilmu di Malay College, Malaysia.<ref name=":1" /> Pengiran Anak Damit maningga di istana ko pado 13 September 1979 pukua 13.20 dalam umua 55 tahun.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |date=1979-09-19 |title=Jenazah Almarhumah DYTM Paduka Suri Seri Begawan Raja selamat di-makamkan di-Kubah Makam Diraja |url=https://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn/Arkib%20Dokumen/1979/PB%2019%20Sept%201979.pdf |access-date=2023-08-20 |work=Pelita Brunei |pages=1, 16}}</ref> Omar Ali Saifuddien juo maningga di sinan pado 7 September 1986 jo kamudian dikubuan di Pakuburan Dirajo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ap |date=1986-09-11 |title=Omar Ali Saifuddin; Former Brunei Sultan |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/11/obituaries/omar-ali-saifuddin-former-brunei-sultan.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kini ko, Istano Darussalam dirawat dek Departemen Pakarajaan Umum dari Kamantarian Pambangunan, basamo babarapo bangunan lain nan mampunyoi sijarah jo budayo pantiang.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Works Department - Mechanical and Electrical Services |url=http://www.mod.gov.bn/pwd/SitePages/Mechanical%20and%20Electrical%20Services.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.mod.gov.bn}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Istano di Brunei]] fpdbx5kw4borzsiusazmfot62qhkx61 3174515 3174514 2025-06-24T12:39:36Z Rang Djambak 14874 3174515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Historic building | name = Istano Darussalam | image = Istana Darussalam 02.jpg | caption = Istano Darussalam pado 2022 | address = Jalan Istano Darussalam | location_town = [[Kampuang Sumbiliang Lamo]], [[Bandar Seri Begawan]], [[Distrik Brunei–Muaro|Brunei–Muara]] | location_country = [[Brunei]] | coordinates = {{coord|4.8920903|114.9371379|display=inline, title}} | construction_start_date = 1940-an | completion_date = {{start date and age|1947}} | building_type = Tampek tingga | style = [[Arsitektur vernakular]] [[Rumah Malayu|Malayu]] | material = [[beton]] jo [[kayu]] | size = {{Convert|0.76|acre}} | cost = [[Dolar Brunei|B$]]7,000 }} '''Istano Darussalam''' adolah bakeh kadiaman [[Omar Ali Saifuddien III]] sakaligus tampek kalahian [[Sultan Brunei]], [[Hassanal Bolkiah]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC&dq=Istana+Manggalela&pg=PA175 |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |date=2009-12-22 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7078-9 |pages=175 |language=en}}</ref> Istano ko talatak di Jalan Darussalam, Kampuang Sumbiliang Lamo Distrik Brunei–Muaro, [[Brunei]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Latiff (Haji) |first=Adanan Haji Abdul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DrijIf8jUyUC&q=Istana+Kota+Manggalela |title=Bangunan ristaan |date=2011 |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan |isbn=978-99917-0-770-9 |pages=6 |language=ms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Awang.) |first=Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tZRAQAAMAAJ&q=Istana+Kota+Manggalela |title=Adat istiadat Diraja Brunei |date=2003 |publisher=Jabatan Adat Istiadat Negara, Jabatan Perdana Menteri |isbn=978-99917-34-20-0 |pages=29 |language=ms}}</ref> Bangunan tu kini manjadi objek wisata jo barado di bawah palinduangan Undang-Undang Barang Antik jo Harato Bando nan dikalola dek Departemen Museum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jabatan Muzium-Muzium - Monumen dan Tapak-Tapak Arkeologi |url=http://www.museums.gov.bn/Bangunan%20dan%20Galeri/Monumen%20dan%20Tapak-Tapak%20Arkeologi.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.museums.gov.bn}}</ref> == Sijarah == Istano Darussalam mulai dibangun pado tahun 1940-an. Sajumlah paristiwa kanagaraan pantiang pernah tajadi di istano ko, tamasuak kalahian sultan kini, Hassanal Bolkiah pado 15 Juli 1946,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leifer |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UCl7VE4VMIC&q=sultan+of+brunei+1967+sandhurst&pg=PA76 |title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia |date=2013-05-13 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-12945-3 |pages=76 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=USA |first=IBP |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q22yDwAAQBAJ&dq=istana+darussalam&pg=PA99 |title=Brunei Ecology and Nature Protection Handbook |date=2009-03-20 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4387-0633-7 |pages=99 |language=en}}</ref> Pangeran Mohamed Bolkiah pado 29 Agustus 1948,<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BMvsAAAAMAAJ&q=Mohamed+Bolkiah+Istana |title=ASEAN Forecast |date=1985 |publisher=Executive Publication Pte |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref> jo Putri Masna Bolkiah pado 6 September 1948.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC&dq=princess+masna+bolkiah+1948&pg=PA143 |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |date=2009-12-22 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7078-9 |pages=148 |language=en}}</ref> Pado tahun 1947, bagian bawah bangunan digunoan sabagai kantua pribadi dek Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien katiko itu.<ref name=":2" /> Bangunan tu indak digunoan lai dek kaluarga karajaan, meskipun satiok hari Jumaik, pawakian dari Musajik Omar Ali Saifuddien maadoan tahlilan di sinan. Katiko kaluarga karajaan pindah dari Istano Darussalam ka Istano Darul Hana pado tahun 1951, para tamu Omar Ali sempat ditampekan di siko katiko inyo sadang manuntuik ilmu di Malay College, Malaysia.<ref name=":1" /> Pengiran Anak Damit maningga di istana ko pado 13 September 1979 pukua 13.20 dalam umua 55 tahun.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |date=1979-09-19 |title=Jenazah Almarhumah DYTM Paduka Suri Seri Begawan Raja selamat di-makamkan di-Kubah Makam Diraja |url=https://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn/Arkib%20Dokumen/1979/PB%2019%20Sept%201979.pdf |access-date=2023-08-20 |work=Pelita Brunei |pages=1, 16}}</ref> Omar Ali Saifuddien juo maningga di sinan pado 7 September 1986 jo kamudian dikubuan di Pakuburan Dirajo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ap |date=1986-09-11 |title=Omar Ali Saifuddin; Former Brunei Sultan |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/11/obituaries/omar-ali-saifuddin-former-brunei-sultan.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kini ko, Istano Darussalam dirawat dek Departemen Pakarajaan Umum dari Kamantarian Pambangunan, basamo babarapo bangunan lain nan mampunyoi sijarah jo budayo pantiang.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Works Department - Mechanical and Electrical Services |url=http://www.mod.gov.bn/pwd/SitePages/Mechanical%20and%20Electrical%20Services.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.mod.gov.bn}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Istano di Brunei]] egidjfr5kfktrelli3if3alx5no3fpp 3174516 3174515 2025-06-24T12:41:37Z Rang Djambak 14874 3174516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Historic building | name = Istano Darussalam | image = Istana Darussalam 02.jpg | caption = Istano Darussalam pado 2022 | address = Jalan Istano Darussalam | location_town = [[Kampuang Sumbiliang Lamo]], [[Bandar Seri Begawan]], [[Distrik Brunei–Muaro|Brunei–Muara]] | location_country = [[Brunei]] | coordinates = {{coord|4.8920903|114.9371379|display=inline, title}} | construction_start_date = 1940-an | completion_date = {{start date and age|1947}} | building_type = Tampek tingga | style = [[Arsitektur vernakular]] [[Rumah Malayu|Malayu]] | material = [[beton]] jo [[kayu]] | size = {{Convert|0.76|acre}} | cost = [[Dolar Brunei|B$]]7,000 }} '''Istano Darussalam''' adolah bakeh kadiaman [[Omar Ali Saifuddien III]] sakaligus tampek kalahian [[Sultan Brunei]], [[Hassanal Bolkiah]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC&dq=Istana+Manggalela&pg=PA175 |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |date=2009-12-22 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7078-9 |pages=175 |language=en}}</ref> Istano ko talatak di Jalan Darussalam, Kampuang Sumbiliang Lamo Distrik Brunei–Muaro, [[Brunei]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Latiff (Haji) |first=Adanan Haji Abdul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DrijIf8jUyUC&q=Istana+Kota+Manggalela |title=Bangunan ristaan |date=2011 |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan |isbn=978-99917-0-770-9 |pages=6 |language=ms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Awang.) |first=Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tZRAQAAMAAJ&q=Istana+Kota+Manggalela |title=Adat istiadat Diraja Brunei |date=2003 |publisher=Jabatan Adat Istiadat Negara, Jabatan Perdana Menteri |isbn=978-99917-34-20-0 |pages=29 |language=ms}}</ref> Bangunan tu kini manjadi objek wisata jo barado di bawah palinduangan Undang-Undang Barang Antik jo Harato Bando nan dikalola dek Departemen Museum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jabatan Muzium-Muzium - Monumen dan Tapak-Tapak Arkeologi |url=http://www.museums.gov.bn/Bangunan%20dan%20Galeri/Monumen%20dan%20Tapak-Tapak%20Arkeologi.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.museums.gov.bn}}</ref> == Sijarah == Istano Darussalam mulai dibangun pado tahun 1940-an. Sajumlah paristiwa kanagaraan pantiang pernah tajadi di istano ko, tamasuak kalahian sultan kini, Hassanal Bolkiah pado 15 Juli 1946,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leifer |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UCl7VE4VMIC&q=sultan+of+brunei+1967+sandhurst&pg=PA76 |title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia |date=2013-05-13 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-12945-3 |pages=76 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=USA |first=IBP |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q22yDwAAQBAJ&dq=istana+darussalam&pg=PA99 |title=Brunei Ecology and Nature Protection Handbook |date=2009-03-20 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4387-0633-7 |pages=99 |language=en}}</ref> [[Pangeran Mohamed Bolkiah]] pado 29 Agustus 1948,<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BMvsAAAAMAAJ&q=Mohamed+Bolkiah+Istana |title=ASEAN Forecast |date=1985 |publisher=Executive Publication Pte |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref> jo [[Putri Masna Bolkiah]] pado 6 September 1948.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC&dq=princess+masna+bolkiah+1948&pg=PA143 |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |date=2009-12-22 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7078-9 |pages=148 |language=en}}</ref> Pado tahun 1947, bagian bawah bangunan digunoan sabagai kantua pribadi dek Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien katiko itu.<ref name=":2" /> Bangunan tu indak digunoan lai dek kaluarga karajaan, meskipun satiok hari Jumaik, pawakian dari [[Musajik Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin|Musajik Omar Ali Saifuddien]] maadoan tahlilan di sinan. Katiko kaluarga karajaan pindah dari Istano Darussalam ka [[Istano Darul Hana]] pado tahun 1951, para tamu Omar Ali sempat ditampekan di siko katiko inyo sadang manuntuik ilmu di Malay College, [[Malaysia]].<ref name=":1" /> [[Putri Damit dari Brunei|Pengiran Anak Damit]] maningga di istana ko pado 13 September 1979 pukua 13.20 dalam umua 55 tahun.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |date=1979-09-19 |title=Jenazah Almarhumah DYTM Paduka Suri Seri Begawan Raja selamat di-makamkan di-Kubah Makam Diraja |url=https://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn/Arkib%20Dokumen/1979/PB%2019%20Sept%201979.pdf |access-date=2023-08-20 |work=Pelita Brunei |pages=1, 16}}</ref> Omar Ali Saifuddien juo maningga di sinan pado 7 September 1986 jo kamudian dikubuan di [[Pakuburan Dirajo (Brunei)|Pakuburan Dirajo]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ap |date=1986-09-11 |title=Omar Ali Saifuddin; Former Brunei Sultan |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/11/obituaries/omar-ali-saifuddin-former-brunei-sultan.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kini ko, Istano Darussalam dirawat dek Departemen Pakarajaan Umum dari Kamantarian Pambangunan, basamo babarapo bangunan lain nan mampunyoi sijarah jo budayo pantiang.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Works Department - Mechanical and Electrical Services |url=http://www.mod.gov.bn/pwd/SitePages/Mechanical%20and%20Electrical%20Services.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.mod.gov.bn}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Istano di Brunei]] 3cjlqy4wc346zens7ut4e7xq4wgrntz 3174517 3174516 2025-06-24T12:49:55Z Rang Djambak 14874 3174517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Historic building | name = Istano Darussalam | image = Istana Darussalam 02.jpg | caption = Istano Darussalam pado 2022 | address = Jalan Istano Darussalam | location_town = [[Kampuang Sumbiliang Lamo]], [[Bandar Seri Begawan]], [[Distrik Brunei–Muaro|Brunei–Muara]] | location_country = [[Brunei]] | coordinates = {{coord|4.8920903|114.9371379|display=inline, title}} | construction_start_date = 1940-an | completion_date = {{start date and age|1947}} | building_type = Tampek tingga | style = [[Arsitektur vernakular]] [[Rumah Malayu|Malayu]] | material = [[beton]] jo [[kayu]] | size = {{Convert|0.76|acre}} | cost = [[Dolar Brunei|B$]]7,000 }} '''Istano Darussalam''' adolah bakeh kadiaman [[Omar Ali Saifuddien III]] sakaligus tampek kalahian [[Sultan Brunei]], [[Hassanal Bolkiah]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC&dq=Istana+Manggalela&pg=PA175 |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |date=2009-12-22 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7078-9 |pages=175 |language=en}}</ref> Istano ko talatak di Jalan Darussalam, Kampuang Sumbiliang Lamo Distrik Brunei–Muaro, [[Brunei]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Latiff (Haji) |first=Adanan Haji Abdul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DrijIf8jUyUC&q=Istana+Kota+Manggalela |title=Bangunan ristaan |date=2011 |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan |isbn=978-99917-0-770-9 |pages=6 |language=ms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Awang.) |first=Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tZRAQAAMAAJ&q=Istana+Kota+Manggalela |title=Adat istiadat Diraja Brunei |date=2003 |publisher=Jabatan Adat Istiadat Negara, Jabatan Perdana Menteri |isbn=978-99917-34-20-0 |pages=29 |language=ms}}</ref> Bangunan tu kini manjadi objek wisata jo barado di bawah palinduangan Undang-Undang Barang Antik jo Harato Bando nan dikalola dek Departemen Museum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jabatan Muzium-Muzium - Monumen dan Tapak-Tapak Arkeologi |url=http://www.museums.gov.bn/Bangunan%20dan%20Galeri/Monumen%20dan%20Tapak-Tapak%20Arkeologi.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.museums.gov.bn}}</ref> == Sijarah == Istano Darussalam mulai dibangun pado tahun 1940-an. Sajumlah paristiwa kanagaraan pantiang pernah tajadi di istano ko, tamasuak kalahian sultan kini, Hassanal Bolkiah pado 15 Juli 1946,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leifer |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UCl7VE4VMIC&q=sultan+of+brunei+1967+sandhurst&pg=PA76 |title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia |date=2013-05-13 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-12945-3 |pages=76 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=USA |first=IBP |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q22yDwAAQBAJ&dq=istana+darussalam&pg=PA99 |title=Brunei Ecology and Nature Protection Handbook |date=2009-03-20 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4387-0633-7 |pages=99 |language=en}}</ref> [[Pangeran Mohamed Bolkiah]] pado 29 Agustus 1948,<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BMvsAAAAMAAJ&q=Mohamed+Bolkiah+Istana |title=ASEAN Forecast |date=1985 |publisher=Executive Publication Pte |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref> jo [[Putri Masna Bolkiah]] pado 6 September 1948.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC&dq=princess+masna+bolkiah+1948&pg=PA143 |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |date=2009-12-22 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7078-9 |pages=148 |language=en}}</ref> Pado tahun 1947, bagian bawah bangunan digunoan sabagai kantua pribadi dek Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien katiko itu.<ref name=":2" /> Bangunan tu indak digunoan lai dek kaluarga karajaan, meskipun satiok hari Jumaik, pawakian dari [[Musajik Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin|Musajik Omar Ali Saifuddien]] maadoan tahlilan di sinan. Katiko kaluarga karajaan pindah dari Istano Darussalam ka [[Istano Darul Hana]] pado tahun 1951, para tamu Omar Ali sempat ditampekan di siko katiko inyo sadang manuntuik ilmu di Malay College, [[Malaysia]].<ref name=":1" /> [[Putri Damit dari Brunei|Pengiran Anak Damit]] maningga di istana ko pado 13 September 1979 pukua 13.20 dalam umua 55 tahun.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |date=1979-09-19 |title=Jenazah Almarhumah DYTM Paduka Suri Seri Begawan Raja selamat di-makamkan di-Kubah Makam Diraja |url=https://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn/Arkib%20Dokumen/1979/PB%2019%20Sept%201979.pdf |access-date=2023-08-20 |work=Pelita Brunei |pages=1, 16}}</ref> Omar Ali Saifuddien juo maningga di sinan pado 7 September 1986 jo kamudian dikubuan di [[Pakuburan Dirajo (Brunei)|Pakuburan Dirajo]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ap |date=1986-09-11 |title=Omar Ali Saifuddin; Former Brunei Sultan |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/11/obituaries/omar-ali-saifuddin-former-brunei-sultan.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kini ko, Istano Darussalam dirawat dek Departemen Pakarajaan Umum dari Kamantarian Pambangunan, basamo babarapo bangunan lain nan mampunyoi sijarah jo budayo pantiang.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Works Department - Mechanical and Electrical Services |url=http://www.mod.gov.bn/pwd/SitePages/Mechanical%20and%20Electrical%20Services.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.mod.gov.bn}}</ref> == Konstruksi == Istano Darussalam talatak di tapi Sungai Kadayan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thiessen |first=Tamara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9sj_FMSMu8C&dq=istana+darussalam&pg=PA135 |title=Bradt Travel Guide - Borneo |date=2008 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-84162-252-1 |pages=135 |language=en}}</ref> jo marupokan contoh arsitektur Malayu tradisional tabaiak pado masonyo. Bangunan tu patamo kali dibangun dari kayu pado tahun 1947, kamudian babarapo tiang jo balok kayu diganti jo beton. Struktur bangunannyo bawarna ijau jo coklat, jo gaya arsitektur rumah Malayu nan khas. Istano tu tetap tagak mancolok jo kontras dengan deretan rumah-rumah kampuang sakitarnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Pusat Sejarah Brunei - Peristiwa dan Tempat Bersejarah |url=http://www.history-centre.gov.bn/Info%20Sejarah/Peristiwa%20dan%20Tempat%20Bersejarah.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.history-centre.gov.bn}}</ref> Istana ko manempati area sakitar 0,76 hektar jo dibangun dengan biaya sakitar B$7.000.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Abdul Latif |first=Adanan |date=2008 |title=Istana-Istana Di Brunei |url=http://www.history-centre.gov.bn/Download/Istana%20istana%20Brunei.pdf |website=[[Brunei History Centre]] |page=23}}</ref> Akses masuak utamo ka istano dari sungai malalui Dermaga Darussalam, nan kini manjadi ruang basijarah untuak mancaliakan jo manghormati sijarah istano tu, nan marupokan salah ciek landmark paliang pantiang di Brunei.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Regeneration of the Kedayan River |url=https://www.townland.com/portfolio-item/regeneration-of-the-kedayan-river-brunei/ |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Townland |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Istano di Brunei]] lrh7tu4n9u9l0rj7e31vj82wwyi4nsy 3174518 3174517 2025-06-24T12:50:53Z Rang Djambak 14874 3174518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Historic building | name = Istano Darussalam | image = Istana Darussalam 02.jpg | caption = Istano Darussalam pado 2022 | address = Jalan Istano Darussalam | location_town = [[Kampuang Sumbiliang Lamo]], [[Bandar Seri Begawan]], [[Distrik Brunei–Muaro|Brunei–Muara]] | location_country = [[Brunei]] | coordinates = {{coord|4.8920903|114.9371379|display=inline, title}} | construction_start_date = 1940-an | completion_date = {{start date and age|1947}} | building_type = Tampek tingga | style = [[Arsitektur vernakular]] [[Rumah Malayu|Malayu]] | material = [[beton]] jo [[kayu]] | size = {{Convert|0.76|acre}} | cost = [[Dolar Brunei|B$]]7,000 }} '''Istano Darussalam''' adolah bakeh kadiaman [[Omar Ali Saifuddien III]] sakaligus tampek kalahian [[Sultan Brunei]], [[Hassanal Bolkiah]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC&dq=Istana+Manggalela&pg=PA175 |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |date=2009-12-22 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7078-9 |pages=175 |language=en}}</ref> Istano ko talatak di Jalan Darussalam, Kampuang Sumbiliang Lamo Distrik Brunei–Muaro, [[Brunei]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Latiff (Haji) |first=Adanan Haji Abdul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DrijIf8jUyUC&q=Istana+Kota+Manggalela |title=Bangunan ristaan |date=2011 |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan |isbn=978-99917-0-770-9 |pages=6 |language=ms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Awang.) |first=Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tZRAQAAMAAJ&q=Istana+Kota+Manggalela |title=Adat istiadat Diraja Brunei |date=2003 |publisher=Jabatan Adat Istiadat Negara, Jabatan Perdana Menteri |isbn=978-99917-34-20-0 |pages=29 |language=ms}}</ref> Bangunan tu kini manjadi objek wisata jo barado di bawah palinduangan Undang-Undang Barang Antik jo Harato Bando nan dikalola dek Departemen Museum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jabatan Muzium-Muzium - Monumen dan Tapak-Tapak Arkeologi |url=http://www.museums.gov.bn/Bangunan%20dan%20Galeri/Monumen%20dan%20Tapak-Tapak%20Arkeologi.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.museums.gov.bn}}</ref> == Sijarah == Istano Darussalam mulai dibangun pado tahun 1940-an. Sajumlah paristiwa kanagaraan pantiang pernah tajadi di istano ko, tamasuak kalahian sultan kini, Hassanal Bolkiah pado 15 Juli 1946,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leifer |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UCl7VE4VMIC&q=sultan+of+brunei+1967+sandhurst&pg=PA76 |title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia |date=2013-05-13 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-12945-3 |pages=76 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=USA |first=IBP |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q22yDwAAQBAJ&dq=istana+darussalam&pg=PA99 |title=Brunei Ecology and Nature Protection Handbook |date=2009-03-20 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4387-0633-7 |pages=99 |language=en}}</ref> [[Pangeran Mohamed Bolkiah]] pado 29 Agustus 1948,<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BMvsAAAAMAAJ&q=Mohamed+Bolkiah+Istana |title=ASEAN Forecast |date=1985 |publisher=Executive Publication Pte |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref> jo [[Putri Masna Bolkiah]] pado 6 September 1948.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC&dq=princess+masna+bolkiah+1948&pg=PA143 |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |date=2009-12-22 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7078-9 |pages=148 |language=en}}</ref> Pado tahun 1947, bagian bawah bangunan digunoan sabagai kantua pribadi dek Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien katiko itu.<ref name=":2" /> Bangunan tu indak digunoan lai dek kaluarga karajaan, meskipun satiok hari Jumaik, pawakian dari [[Musajik Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin|Musajik Omar Ali Saifuddien]] maadoan tahlilan di sinan. Katiko kaluarga karajaan pindah dari Istano Darussalam ka [[Istano Darul Hana]] pado tahun 1951, para tamu Omar Ali sempat ditampekan di siko katiko inyo sadang manuntuik ilmu di Malay College, [[Malaysia]].<ref name=":1" /> [[Putri Damit dari Brunei|Pengiran Anak Damit]] maningga di istana ko pado 13 September 1979 pukua 13.20 dalam umua 55 tahun.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |date=1979-09-19 |title=Jenazah Almarhumah DYTM Paduka Suri Seri Begawan Raja selamat di-makamkan di-Kubah Makam Diraja |url=https://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn/Arkib%20Dokumen/1979/PB%2019%20Sept%201979.pdf |access-date=2023-08-20 |work=Pelita Brunei |pages=1, 16}}</ref> Omar Ali Saifuddien juo maningga di sinan pado 7 September 1986 jo kamudian dikubuan di [[Pakuburan Dirajo (Brunei)|Pakuburan Dirajo]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ap |date=1986-09-11 |title=Omar Ali Saifuddin; Former Brunei Sultan |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/11/obituaries/omar-ali-saifuddin-former-brunei-sultan.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kini ko, Istano Darussalam dirawat dek Departemen Pakarajaan Umum dari Kamantarian Pambangunan, basamo babarapo bangunan lain nan mampunyoi sijarah jo budayo pantiang.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Works Department - Mechanical and Electrical Services |url=http://www.mod.gov.bn/pwd/SitePages/Mechanical%20and%20Electrical%20Services.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.mod.gov.bn}}</ref> == Konstruksi == Istano Darussalam talatak di tapi [[Sungai Kadayan]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thiessen |first=Tamara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9sj_FMSMu8C&dq=istana+darussalam&pg=PA135 |title=Bradt Travel Guide - Borneo |date=2008 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-84162-252-1 |pages=135 |language=en}}</ref> jo marupokan contoh [[Rumah Malayu|arsitektur Malayu]] tradisional tabaiak pado masonyo. Bangunan tu patamo kali dibangun dari kayu pado tahun 1947, kamudian babarapo tiang jo balok kayu diganti jo beton. Struktur bangunannyo bawarna ijau jo coklat, jo gaya arsitektur rumah Malayu nan khas. Istano tu tetap tagak mancolok jo kontras dengan deretan rumah-rumah kampuang sakitarnyo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Pusat Sejarah Brunei - Peristiwa dan Tempat Bersejarah |url=http://www.history-centre.gov.bn/Info%20Sejarah/Peristiwa%20dan%20Tempat%20Bersejarah.aspx |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.history-centre.gov.bn}}</ref> Istana ko manempati area sakitar 0,76 hektar jo dibangun dengan biaya sakitar B$7.000.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Abdul Latif |first=Adanan |date=2008 |title=Istana-Istana Di Brunei |url=http://www.history-centre.gov.bn/Download/Istana%20istana%20Brunei.pdf |website=[[Brunei History Centre]] |page=23}}</ref> Akses masuak utamo ka istano dari sungai malalui Dermaga Darussalam, nan kini manjadi ruang basijarah untuak mancaliakan jo manghormati sijarah istano tu, nan marupokan salah ciek landmark paliang pantiang di Brunei.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Regeneration of the Kedayan River |url=https://www.townland.com/portfolio-item/regeneration-of-the-kedayan-river-brunei/ |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Townland |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Istano di Brunei]] f2x8xespxt6h5s7ihue5g3dqghxsejr 0 476253 3174524 2025-06-25T06:47:09Z 103.145.125.38 ←Mambuek laman baisi "{{small|''Laman iko tantang '''zat''' ta[[produk|produksi]] dek proses pangayaan. Untuak '''proses''' tu caliak laman [[pengayaan uranium|pangayaan uranium]].''}} {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Uranium enrichment proportions.svg | width1 = 250 | alt1 = | caption1 = Proporsi uranium-238 (biru) jo uranium-235 (sirah) nan didapek sacaro alami dibandiang kadar nan dipakayo. | image2 = Urani..." 3174524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{small|''Laman iko tantang '''zat''' ta[[produk|produksi]] dek proses pangayaan. Untuak '''proses''' tu caliak laman [[pengayaan uranium|pangayaan uranium]].''}} {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Uranium enrichment proportions.svg | width1 = 250 | alt1 = | caption1 = Proporsi uranium-238 (biru) jo uranium-235 (sirah) nan didapek sacaro alami dibandiang kadar nan dipakayo. | image2 = Uranium2.jpg | width2 = 250 | alt2 = | caption2 = [[bijih]] [[uranium]] | footer = | direction = horizontal }}'''Uranium nan dipakayo''' adolah jinih [[uranium]] jo persentase komposisi [[uranium-235]] nan alah batingkekan malalui proses [[pemisahan isotop|pamisahan isotop]]. [[Uranium alam]] iyolah 99,284% [[uranium-238|²³⁸U]] [[isotop]], jo ²³⁵U nan hanyo sakitar 0,711% dari massanyo. ²³⁵U iyolah ciek-cieknyo [[Nuklida primordial|nuklida nan ado di alam]] (dalam jumlah barapopun) iyolah [[fisil]] jo [[neutron thermal]].<ref>{{cite book|author=OECD Nuclear Energy Agency|title=Nuclear Energy Today|publisher=OECD Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9789264103283|page=25|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PvL7twdmK9sC&pg=PA25}}</ref> Uranium nan dipakayo marupoan komponen pantiang untuak [[dayo nuklir|pambangkik tanago nuklir]] bagi warga sipil dan sabagai [[sanjato nuklir]] dek militer. [[Badan Tenaga Atom Internasional]] barupayo mamantau dan mangandalikan suplai dan proses uranium nan dipakayo dalam upayonyo untuak mamastikan kasalamatan pambangkik tanago nuklir dan mangakang [[proliferasi nuklir]]. Salamo [[Trinity (uji cobo nuklir)|Proyek Manhattan]] uranium nan dipakayo diagiah namo kode ''oralloy'', versi singkek dari [[Oak Ridge, Tennessee|Oak Ridge]] [[logam paduan|alloy]], diambiak dari namo tampek pabirik tampek uranium dipakayo. Istilah oralloy kadang-kadang masih digunakan untuak marujuak kapado uranium nan dipakayo. Kini ado sakitar {{convert|2000|t|kg}} (t, Mg) labiah uranium nan sangek dipakayo di dunia,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://docs.nrdc.org/nuclear/files/nuc_06129701a_185.pdf | title=Safeguarding Nuclear Weapon-Usable Materials in Russia | author=Thomas B. Cochran (''Natural Resources Defense Council'') | publisher=Proceedings of international forum on illegal nuclear traffic | date=12 June 1997 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722184311/http://docs.nrdc.org/nuclear/files/nuc_06129701a_185.pdf | archivedate=22 July 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> sabagian gadang diproduksi untuak [[tanago nuklir]], sinjato nuklir, [[propulsi kelautan nuklir]], dan untuak [[reaktor panalitian]] dangan jumlah nan labiah ketek. ²³⁸U nan tasiso dikana sabagai [[uranium terdeplesi]] (DU), dan dianggok manganduang [[radioaktif]] nan labiah saketek dibandiang jo uranium alam, dektu masih sangek padek dan sangek babahayo dalam bantuak butiran-butiran saroman tu – nan marupoan produk sampingan alami nan mambueknyo baguno untuak [[Staballoy|sinjato penetrasi]]-[[perisai kendaraan]] dan [[perlindungan radiasi]]. Kini ko, 95% uranium terdeplesi nan ado di dunia basimpan di tampek nan aman. {{TOC limit|limit=3}} {{Nuklir-stub}} [[Kategori:Uranium]] [[Kategori:Pamisahan isotop]] [[Kategori:Bahan baka nuklir]] [[Kategori:Bahan nuklir]] [[Kategori:Desain sanjato nuklir]] [[Kategori:Teknologi nuklir]] [[Kategori:Bahan fisil]] 1te1w0066uct2v8exk4uoey5vwo5lnq 3174526 3174524 2025-06-25T07:39:06Z 103.145.125.38 3174526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{small|''Laman iko tantang '''zat''' ta[[produk|produksi]] dek proses pangayaan. Untuak '''proses''' tu caliak laman [[pengayaan uranium|pangayaan uranium]].''}} {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Uranium enrichment proportions.svg | width1 = 250 | alt1 = | caption1 = Proporsi uranium-238 (biru) jo uranium-235 (sirah) nan didapek sacaro alami dibandiang kadar nan dipakayo. | image2 = Uranium2.jpg | width2 = 250 | alt2 = | caption2 = [[bijih]] [[uranium]] | footer = | direction = horizontal }}'''Uranium nan dipakayo''' adolah jinih [[uranium]] jo persentase komposisi [[uranium-235]] nan alah batingkekan malalui proses [[pemisahan isotop|pamisahan isotop]]. [[Uranium alam]] iyolah 99,284% [[uranium-238|²³⁸U]] [[isotop]], jo ²³⁵U nan hanyo sakitar 0,711% dari massanyo. ²³⁵U iyolah ciek-cieknyo [[Nuklida primordial|nuklida nan ado di alam]] (dalam jumlah barapopun) iyolah [[fisil]] jo [[neutron thermal]].<ref>{{cite book|author=OECD Nuclear Energy Agency|title=Nuclear Energy Today|publisher=OECD Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9789264103283|page=25|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PvL7twdmK9sC&pg=PA25}}</ref> Uranium nan dipakayo marupoan komponen pantiang untuak [[dayo nuklir|pambangkik tanago nuklir]] bagi warga sipil dan sabagai [[sanjato nuklir]] dek militer. [[Badan Tenaga Atom Internasional]] barupayo mamantau dan mangandalikan suplai dan proses uranium nan dipakayo dalam upayonyo untuak mamastikan kasalamatan pambangkik tanago nuklir dan mangakang [[proliferasi nuklir]]. Salamo [[Trinity (uji cobo nuklir)|Proyek Manhattan]] uranium nan dipakayo diagiah namo kode ''oralloy'', versi singkek dari [[Oak Ridge, Tennessee|Oak Ridge]] [[logam paduan|alloy]], diambiak dari namo tampek pabirik tampek uranium dipakayo. Istilah oralloy kadang-kadang masih digunakan untuak marujuak kapado uranium nan dipakayo. Kini ado sakitar {{convert|2000|t|Mg}} labiah uranium nan sangek dipakayo di dunia,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://docs.nrdc.org/nuclear/files/nuc_06129701a_185.pdf | title=Safeguarding Nuclear Weapon-Usable Materials in Russia | author=Thomas B. Cochran (''Natural Resources Defense Council'') | publisher=Proceedings of international forum on illegal nuclear traffic | date=12 June 1997 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722184311/http://docs.nrdc.org/nuclear/files/nuc_06129701a_185.pdf | archivedate=22 July 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> sabagian gadang diproduksi untuak [[tanago nuklir]], sinjato nuklir, [[propulsi kelautan nuklir]], dan untuak [[reaktor panalitian]] dangan jumlah nan labiah ketek. ²³⁸U nan tasiso dikana sabagai [[uranium terdeplesi]] (DU), dan dianggok manganduang [[radioaktif]] nan labiah saketek dibandiang jo uranium alam, dektu masih sangek padek dan sangek babahayo dalam bantuak butiran-butiran saroman tu – nan marupoan produk sampingan alami nan mambueknyo baguno untuak [[Staballoy|sinjato penetrasi]]-[[perisai kendaraan]] dan [[perlindungan radiasi]]. Kini ko, 95% uranium terdeplesi nan ado di dunia basimpan di tampek nan aman. {{TOC limit|limit=3}} {{Nuklir-stub}} [[Kategori:Uranium]] [[Kategori:Pamisahan isotop]] [[Kategori:Bahan baka nuklir]] [[Kategori:Bahan nuklir]] [[Kategori:Desain sanjato nuklir]] [[Kategori:Teknologi nuklir]] [[Kategori:Bahan fisil]] bx60twqayhc6c4pd121dnroc09n5rk6 0 476254 3174525 2025-06-25T06:49:12Z 103.145.125.38 ←Mengalihkan ke [[Uranium nan dipakayo]] 3174525 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIAH [[Uranium nan dipakayo]]{{clr}}{{lindungidarianon}}{{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Pangaliahan]] 4u8b67jm6oairdzaj12oogi1ngxi5z5 0 476255 3174527 2025-06-25T09:10:15Z 103.145.125.38 ←Mambuek laman baisi "[[Berkas:Gardu Induk Tonsea Lama - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|Gardu listrik di [[Tonsea Lama, Tondano Utara, Minahasa|Tonsea Lama]]]] [[Berkas:Electrical substation model (side-view).PNG|jmpl|300px|ka|'''Komponen gardu listrik'''<br />A: Jalua listrik utamo B: Jalua listrik sekunder<br />1. Kabel listrik utamo 2. Kabel pantanahan 3. Kabel ateh<br />4. [[Trafo]] untuak mangukua tagangan listrik<br />5. [[Pamutuih dayo|Sakelar pamutuih]] 6. Pamutuih sirkuit<br />7. Trafo..." 3174527 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Berkas:Gardu Induk Tonsea Lama - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|Gardu listrik di [[Tonsea Lama, Tondano Utara, Minahasa|Tonsea Lama]]]] [[Berkas:Electrical substation model (side-view).PNG|jmpl|300px|ka|'''Komponen gardu listrik'''<br />A: Jalua listrik utamo B: Jalua listrik sekunder<br />1. Kabel listrik utamo 2. Kabel pantanahan 3. Kabel ateh<br />4. [[Trafo]] untuak mangukua tagangan listrik<br />5. [[Pamutuih dayo|Sakelar pamutuih]] 6. Pamutuih sirkuit<br />7. Trafo aruih<br />8. Panangkal potuih<br />9. Trafo utamo<br />10. Gaduang pangandali<br>]] [[Berkas:Melbourne Terminal Station.JPG|300px|jmpl|Sabuah gardu listrik 50&nbsp;Hz di [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]]. Tampak tigo dari limo trafo 220&nbsp;kV/66&nbsp;kV, serta [[panghalang api transformator batagangan tinggi]], masiang-masiang dangan kapasitas 150 MVA. Gardu iko dibuek dangan manggunoan struktur kisi baja untuak mandukuang kabel busbar tagang jo apparatus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Joint Consultation Paper: Western Metropolitan Melbourne Transmission Connection and Subtransmission Capacity|url=https://jemena.com.au/getattachment/industry/electricity/Network-planning/Western-metropolitan-Melbourne-transmission-connection-and-subtransmission-capacity.pdf.aspx|website=Jemena|publisher=Powercor Australia, Jemena, Australian Energy Market Operator|accessdate=4 February 2016|archive-date=2016-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309040131/http://jemena.com.au/getattachment/industry/electricity/Network-planning/Western-metropolitan-Melbourne-transmission-connection-and-subtransmission-capacity.pdf.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref>]] [[Berkas:Electrical Substation.JPG|300px|jmpl|Sabuah gardu untuak mangonversi tagangan listrik dari 115&nbsp;kV ka 41.6/12.47&nbsp;kV 5&nbsp;MVA 60&nbsp;Hz dangan pamutuih sirkuit, pangatua, recloser, dan gaduang pangendali di [[Warren, Minnesota]]. Gardu iko manunjuakan konstruksi babiayo randah; apparatus dilotakan di masiang-masiang kolom.]]'''Gardu listrik''' ({{lang-en|electrical substation}}) adolah sabuah bagian dari sistem [[pambangkik listrik|pambangkik]], [[transmisi tenaga listrik|transmisi]] dan [[distribusi tenaga listrik|distribusi]] listrik. Gardu listrik maubah [[tagangan listrik]] dari tinggi manjadi randah, atau sabaliaknyo, atau untuak manjalankan babarapo fungsi pantiang lainnyo. Antaro gardu listrik dan palanggan, tanago listrik mangalia lalu ka babarapo gardu dangan tingkek tagangan listrik nan babedo. Gardu listrik dapek maliputi [[transformator]] untuak maubah tingkek tagangan listrik antaro tagangan transmisi tinggi dan tagangan distribusi randah, atau panghubuang duo transmisi tagangan listrik babedo. Gardu listrik dapek dipunyo dan dioperasikan dek parusahoan listrik, atau dipunyo dek industri gadang atau palanggan komersial. Pado umumnyo, gardu listrik indak ditampeki, mamakai sistem [[SCADA]] untuak mangatua sistem. {{Commons+cat|Electrical substation|Electrical substations}} {{Energi-stub}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Listrik| ]] [[Kategori:Energi]] [[Kategori:Tanago listrik]] [[Kategori:Gardu listrik]] [[Kategori:Sistem kalistrikan]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan Listrik Negara| ]] 1jqonvwotnkdbh9jqduvr789tnb0l79