Wikipedia minwiki https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utamo MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Istimewa Rundiang Pangguno Rundiang Pangguno Wikipedia Rundiang Wikipedia Berkas Rundiang Berkas MediaWiki Rundiang MediaWiki Templat Rundiang Templat Bantuan Rundiang Bantuan Kategori Rundiang Kategori Portal Diskusi Portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Rundiang Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara Haji 0 297 3346015 3345949 2026-04-23T23:49:38Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ibadah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5" /> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6" /> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name=Harrison156/><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur fiqih manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] Ihram adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai miqat.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] Tawaf adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di Hajar Aswad, sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum aia Zamzam. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo sa'i, yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name=Adelowo401/> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka Mina di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, sumbayang Jumaik dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju Arafah. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133"/> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal Jabal Rahmah;<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju Muzdalifah sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (Ramy al-Jamarat) jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak dikorbanan untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name=RESA/> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari Iduladha.<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi Masjidil Haram di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name="History" /> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name="TheDailyStar2015" /> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] 4nbpgksdfl04qbt08euhv9dizrb4exo 3346016 3346015 2026-04-23T23:54:23Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ibadah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5" /> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6" /> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name=Harrison156/><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name=Adelowo401/> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133"/> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name=RESA/> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name="History" /> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name="TheDailyStar2015" /> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] 7frlyt19qn470ngzr6vrymztgp5pfbt 3346017 3346016 2026-04-24T00:49:05Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ibadah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5" /> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6" /> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name=Harrison156/><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name=Adelowo401/> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133"/> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name=RESA/> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuam pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badiso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan Hari Kiamaik katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di Universitas Harvard mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato Mazhab Islam, sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name="History" /> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name="TheDailyStar2015" /> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] 46ul9782wr5yx8qui5z7jrzk3c46d0y 3346018 3346017 2026-04-24T00:50:36Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ibadah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5" /> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6" /> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name=Harrison156/><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name=Adelowo401/> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133"/> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name=RESA/> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badiso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name="History" /> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name="TheDailyStar2015" /> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] 51327hudtfhls7rsps3g6disk3w8yfo 3346019 3346018 2026-04-24T00:51:39Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ibadah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |access-date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612115203/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6" /> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name=Harrison156/><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name=Adelowo401/> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133"/> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name=RESA/> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badiso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name="History" /> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name="TheDailyStar2015" /> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] asu34m3391gzwi11ou679p9f83sky4k 3346020 3346019 2026-04-24T00:52:27Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ibadah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |access-date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612115203/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=27 October 2012 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426005515/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |archive-date=26 April 2013 }}</ref> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name=Harrison156/><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name=Adelowo401/> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133"/> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name=RESA/> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badiso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name="History" /> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name="TheDailyStar2015" /> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] lbsjgjnb4f4k0nf9v2ij5vaizfebek0 3346021 3346020 2026-04-24T00:53:18Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ibadah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |access-date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612115203/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=27 October 2012 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426005515/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |archive-date=26 April 2013 }}</ref> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name="Harrison156">{{cite book |editor1-first=David |editor1-last=Harrison |title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=[[CAB International|CABI]] |isbn=978-0-85199-433-8 |page=156 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127023945/https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name=Adelowo401/> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133"/> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name=RESA/> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badiso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name="History" /> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name="TheDailyStar2015" /> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] f8b8t3bf0vsl8uc1fj9n69i8y08h811 3346022 3346021 2026-04-24T00:54:14Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ibadah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |access-date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612115203/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=27 October 2012 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426005515/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |archive-date=26 April 2013 }}</ref> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name="Harrison156">{{cite book |editor1-first=David |editor1-last=Harrison |title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=[[CAB International|CABI]] |isbn=978-0-85199-433-8 |page=156 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127023945/https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name="Adelowo401">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |year=2014 |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |location=Ibadan |page=401 |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=1 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101064315/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133"/> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name=RESA/> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badiso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name="History" /> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name="TheDailyStar2015" /> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] 19mmramsikmjviqf1d34dnuu1hrf83i 3346023 3346022 2026-04-24T00:55:00Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ibadah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |access-date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612115203/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=27 October 2012 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426005515/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |archive-date=26 April 2013 }}</ref> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name="Harrison156">{{cite book |editor1-first=David |editor1-last=Harrison |title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=[[CAB International|CABI]] |isbn=978-0-85199-433-8 |page=156 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127023945/https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name="Adelowo401">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |year=2014 |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |location=Ibadan |page=401 |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=1 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101064315/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133">{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |title=Muslims Mark Most Important Day of Hajj in Saudi Arabia |first=Cecily |last=Hilleary |date=11 September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820141006/https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name=RESA/> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badiso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name="History" /> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name="TheDailyStar2015" /> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] lpsvwua63ys96x15twbg5ku1vl7b3sy 3346024 3346023 2026-04-24T00:55:45Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ibadah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |access-date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612115203/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=27 October 2012 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426005515/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |archive-date=26 April 2013 }}</ref> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name="Harrison156">{{cite book |editor1-first=David |editor1-last=Harrison |title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=[[CAB International|CABI]] |isbn=978-0-85199-433-8 |page=156 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127023945/https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name="Adelowo401">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |year=2014 |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |location=Ibadan |page=401 |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=1 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101064315/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133">{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |title=Muslims Mark Most Important Day of Hajj in Saudi Arabia |first=Cecily |last=Hilleary |date=11 September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820141006/https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name=RESA/> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badiso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name=History>{{cite news |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |title=Number of foreign Hajis grows by 2,824 percent in 92 years |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102022130/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |archive-date=2 November 2012 |newspaper=[[The News International]] |access-date=9 October 2016}}</ref> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name="TheDailyStar2015" /> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] 4qbtxwdvp77l3f9aebwo1bp2l9k4ztc 3346025 3346024 2026-04-24T00:56:33Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ibadah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |access-date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612115203/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=27 October 2012 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426005515/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |archive-date=26 April 2013 }}</ref> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name="Harrison156">{{cite book |editor1-first=David |editor1-last=Harrison |title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=[[CAB International|CABI]] |isbn=978-0-85199-433-8 |page=156 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127023945/https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name="Adelowo401">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |year=2014 |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |location=Ibadan |page=401 |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=1 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101064315/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133">{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |title=Muslims Mark Most Important Day of Hajj in Saudi Arabia |first=Cecily |last=Hilleary |date=11 September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820141006/https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name=RESA/> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badiso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name=History>{{cite news |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |title=Number of foreign Hajis grows by 2,824 percent in 92 years |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102022130/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |archive-date=2 November 2012 |newspaper=[[The News International]] |access-date=9 October 2016}}</ref> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name=TheDailyStar2015>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |title=Hajj Performed: 2 million pilgrims pray for world peace |date=24 September 2015 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=26 September 2015 |archive-date=16 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184022/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] 5by8e1rlc9ekirfdbfjv4gmiczalmpl 3346026 3346025 2026-04-24T00:57:18Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ibadah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |access-date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612115203/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=27 October 2012 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426005515/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |archive-date=26 April 2013 }}</ref> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name="Harrison156">{{cite book |editor1-first=David |editor1-last=Harrison |title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=[[CAB International|CABI]] |isbn=978-0-85199-433-8 |page=156 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127023945/https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name="Adelowo401">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |year=2014 |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |location=Ibadan |page=401 |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=1 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101064315/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133">{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |title=Muslims Mark Most Important Day of Hajj in Saudi Arabia |first=Cecily |last=Hilleary |date=11 September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820141006/https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name="RESA">{{cite web |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/issues/hajj/ |title=Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |access-date=12 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815124605/http://www.saudiembassy.net/issues/hajj/ |archive-date=15 August 2014 }}</ref> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badiso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name=History>{{cite news |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |title=Number of foreign Hajis grows by 2,824 percent in 92 years |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102022130/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |archive-date=2 November 2012 |newspaper=[[The News International]] |access-date=9 October 2016}}</ref> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name=TheDailyStar2015>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |title=Hajj Performed: 2 million pilgrims pray for world peace |date=24 September 2015 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=26 September 2015 |archive-date=16 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184022/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] 5vxw1gtq86a9ahq312hdmx4y2pe92ux 3346027 3346026 2026-04-24T01:00:11Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ziarah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |access-date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612115203/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=27 October 2012 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426005515/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |archive-date=26 April 2013 }}</ref> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name="Harrison156">{{cite book |editor1-first=David |editor1-last=Harrison |title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=[[CAB International|CABI]] |isbn=978-0-85199-433-8 |page=156 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127023945/https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name="Adelowo401">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |year=2014 |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |location=Ibadan |page=401 |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=1 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101064315/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133">{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |title=Muslims Mark Most Important Day of Hajj in Saudi Arabia |first=Cecily |last=Hilleary |date=11 September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820141006/https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name="RESA">{{cite web |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/issues/hajj/ |title=Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |access-date=12 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815124605/http://www.saudiembassy.net/issues/hajj/ |archive-date=15 August 2014 }}</ref> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badiso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name=History>{{cite news |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |title=Number of foreign Hajis grows by 2,824 percent in 92 years |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102022130/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |archive-date=2 November 2012 |newspaper=[[The News International]] |access-date=9 October 2016}}</ref> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name=TheDailyStar2015>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |title=Hajj Performed: 2 million pilgrims pray for world peace |date=24 September 2015 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=26 September 2015 |archive-date=16 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184022/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] 47k8ebyhnojni0tpcjgtzppk4r3j1r5 Templat:Dati2 10 743 3346041 3161325 2026-04-24T02:14:46Z Kwamikagami 1790 3346041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = {{if empty|{{{name|{{{nama|}}}}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} |other_name = {{{nama_lain|{{{nama lain|}}}}}} 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|bandara|Pelabuhan|pelabuhan|flora|fauna|web|situs|ref|semboyan|website|SNI|nama ketua DPRD|elevation_ft|elevation_m|elevation_point|elevation_footnotes |native_name_lang|native_name|kepala daerah2|nama kepala daerah2|logo|berdiri|pulau|jenis pemimpin|pemimpin2|jenis pemimpin2|area_urban_sq_mi|size|zona_utc|bendera|flag|area_rank|postal_code|postalcode|nama walikota|nama wakil walikota|area_code|area_code_type|postal_code_type|population_density_rank|population_rank|registration_plate|nomor_polisi|population_density_km2|elevation_min_m|elevation_max_m|BPS_code |latd|latm|lats|latNS|longd|longm|longs|longEW|area_total_sq_mi|settlement_type}}<noinclude>{{dokumentasi}}</noinclude> sv66xbkqbknwuuy4zxeilbfm7ezowco Aua Sarumpun, Tigo Koto, Rambatan, Tanah Datar 0 5970 3346012 3341650 2026-04-23T16:52:52Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3346012 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Berkas:Aua Sarumpun 09.jpg|jmpl]] '''Aua Sarumpun''' adolah salah satu objek wisata alam nan barado di nagari Tigo Koto, kecamatan Rambatan, Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Kawasan ko terkenal jo pemandangan alam nan indah dari puncak bukik nan manyuguhkan panorama Danau Singkarak, jajaran gunuang di Sumatera Barat, dan hamparan perbukitan nan hijau. Aua Sarumpun biasa dikunjungi wisatawan untuk rekreasi alam, foto pemandangan, jo kegiatan keluarga lainnyo, serta dipandang sabagai sidebar wisata alam nan menarik di Luhak Nan Tuo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://sumbar.antaranews.com/berita/230147/aua-sarumpun-alternatif-liburan-murah-di-tanah-datar|title=Aua Sarumpun alternatif liburan murah di Tanah Datar|last=Agency|first=ANTARA News|date=2018-07-29|website=Antara News Sumbar|access-date=2025-12-17}}</ref> [[Berkas:Aua Sarumpun 12.jpg|jmpl]] == Lokasi == Aua Sarumpun barado di Nagari Tigo Koto, Kecamatan Rambatan, Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Sumatera Barat. Kawasan ko bisa dicapai dengan pajalanan darek sakitar 1 jam labiah 20 minikt dari Kota Solok atau sekitar 15 menit dari Simpang Ombilin.<ref name=":0" /> == Daya Tariek == [[Berkas:Aua Sarumpun 04.jpg|jmpl]] {{jorong |nama=Aua Sarumpun |provinsi=Sumatera Barat |dati2=Kabupaten |nama dati2=Tanah Datar |kecamatan=Rambatan |nagari=Tigo Koto |nama pemimpin= - |luas= |penduduk= }} Aua Sarumpun dikenal sabagai objek wisata alam nan manarimo, di antaro nyo, panorama alam dari ketinggian nan manyuguhkan pemandangan Danau Singkarak, gunuang-gunuang di Sumatera Barat, dan hamparan perbukitan, spot foto alami di puncak bukik, lokasi camping jo area santai untuk keluarga nan disediokan di babarapo titiak, papan panggambaran lucu jo manarik disabagian kawasan wisata, fasilitas fasilitas panunjang sabagaimano homestay, flying fox, musholla, tempat makan, jo fasilitas hiburan lainnyo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://jadesta.kemenparekraf.go.id/atraksi/wisata_aua_sarumpun_geopark|title=Atraksi Wisata Aua Sarumpun Geopark|website=jadesta.kemenparekraf.go.id|access-date=2025-12-17|archive-date=2025-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251222235806/https://jadesta.kemenparekraf.go.id/atraksi/wisata_aua_sarumpun_geopark|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Fasilitas == Di kawasan Aua Sarumpun, fasilitas nan disadiokan area parkir cukuik lueh, musholla dan kamar mandi umum, selfi area jo tampek makan, flying fox jo outbound, homestay jo penginapan di sakitar kawasan puncak aua sarumpun.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Biaya masuak == Pangunjuang biaso dipunguik biaya tiket masuak sakitar Rp15.000 per motor (maksimal duo urang).<ref name=":0" /> == Peran jo Potensi == Aua Sarumpun alah salah satu destinasi wisata unggulan di Kabupaten Tanah Datar nan masuk dalam pangambangan pariwisata daerah jo geopark satampek. Kawasan koacok dimasuakan ka daftar lokasi wisata nan dipromosikan pamarintah kabupaten sabagai tujuan wisata alam yang manarik untuak wisatawan dalam dan lua daerah. <ref name=":0" /> == Galeri == <gallery> Berkas:Aua Sarumpun 10.jpg Berkas:Aua Sarumpun 06.jpg Berkas:Aua Sarumpun 14.jpg Berkas:Aua Sarumpun 03.jpg Berkas:Aua Sarumpun 08.jpg Berkas:Aua Sarumpun 07.jpg Berkas:Aua Sarumpun 13.jpg Berkas:Aua Sarumpun 07.jpg </gallery> == Rujuakan == {{Tigo Koto, Rambatan, Tanah Datar}} {{jorong-stub}} [[Kategori:WikiJalajah]] [[Kategori:Kopdar WikiJalajah]] sk16zn53dxs88lqw3spxqqk92imjykw Urang Batak 0 6300 3346035 3145120 2026-04-24T01:42:18Z Kwamikagami 1790 /* Aksara Batak */ 3346035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox ethnic group| | group = Batak <br/><small> Halak Batak </small> | image = [[file:Halak Batak.jpg|300px]] | image_caption = Urang Batak Toba bakain ulos | population = '''8.466.969''' <ref>{{citeweb|url=https://www.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publikasi/watermark%20_Kewarganegaraan,%20Suku%20Bangsa,%20Agama%20dan%20Bahasa_281211.pdf|title=''Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia 2011''|date=2011-01-01|accessdate=2016-12-31}}</ref> | popplace = |region1 = [[Sumatera Utara]] |pop1 ='''5.785.716''' |ref1 = <ref>{{cite book | last = | first = | publisher=[[Badan Pusat Statistik]] | title =Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 | date = | year =2011 | url = | accessdate = 2012-08-24 | isbn = 9789790644175 | url = http://sp2010.bps.go.id/files/ebook/kewarganegaraan%20penduduk%20indonesia/index.html}}</ref> |region2 = [[Riau]] |pop2 = '''691.399''' |region3 = [[Jakarta]] |pop3 = '''467.438''' |region4 = [[Jawa Barat]] |pop4 = '''326.645''' |region5 = [[Sumatera Barat]] |pop5 = '''222.549''' | rels = '''Mayoritas'''<br>• [[Kristen]] ([[Protestan]] & [[Katolik]]) 75.63%<br/>• [[Islam]] 24.17% <ref>{{cite web | title = Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicities | publisher = Badan Pusat Statistik / Institute of Southeast Asian Studies | date = 2015 | url = }}</ref><br />'''Minoritas'''<br>• [[Parmalim]]<br />• [[Animisme]] | langs = [[Bahaso Batak Toba|Toba]]{{br}}[[Bahaso Batak Angkola|Angkola]]{{br}}[[Bahaso Batak Karo|Karo]]{{br}}[[Bahaso Batak Simalungun|Simalungun]]{{br}}[[Bahaso Batak Pakpak|Pakpak]]{{br}}[[Bahaso Batak Mandailing|Mandailing]] | related = [[Urang Aceh|Aceh]], [[Urang Alas|Alas]], [[Urang Bugis|Bugis]], [[Urang Dayak|Dayak]], [[Urang Gayo|Gayo]], [[Urang Malayu|Malayu]], [[Urang Minangkabau|Minangkabau]], [[Urang Nieh|Nieh]], [[Urang Rimbo|Rimbo]], jo [[Urang Singkil|Singkil]]|pop6='''208.678'''|pop7='''147.259'''|pop8='''139.259'''|pop9='''106.249'''|pop10='''650'''|region6=[[Kepulauan Riau]]|region7=[[Aceh]]|region8=[[Banten]]|region9=[[Jambi]]|region10={{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunei]] }} '''Batak''' marupoan [[suku bangso]] di [[Indonesia]]. Namo iko marupoan sabuah tema kolektif untuak maidentifikasikan babarapo suku bangsa nan bamukim sarato barasa dari [[Tapanuli]] jo [[Sumatera Timur]], di [[Sumatera Utaro]]. Suku bangso nan dikategorikan sabagai Batak adolah: [[Urang Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], [[Batak Karo]], [[Batak Pakpak]], [[Batak Simalungun]], [[Batak Angkola]], dan [[Batak Mandailing]]. Kini ko pado umumnyo urang Batak manganuik [[agamo]] [[Kristen Protestan]], [[Kristen Katolik]], jo [[Islam]]. Tatapi ado pulo nan manganuik kapicayoan tadisional yakni: tradisi [[Parmalim|Malim]] sarato juo manganuik kapicayoan [[animisme]] (disabuik ''Sipelebegu'' atau ''Parbegu''), walaupun kini jumlah panganuik kaduo ajaran iko alah samakin bakurang. == Sijarah == Urang Batak adolah pamakai [[rumpun bahaso Austronesia|bahaso Austronesia]] namun alun dikatahui bilo niniak muyang urang Batak patamo kali bamukim di Tapanuli jo Sumatera Timur. Bahaso jo bukti-bukti arkeologi manunjuakan baso urang nan babahaso Austronesia dari [[Taiwan]] alah bapindah ka wilayah [[Filipina]] jo [[Indonesia]] sakita 2.500 taun nan lalu, iyolah di zaman batu mudo ([[Neolitikum]]).<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/0120853701][[Peter Bellwood]]<span>, </span>''Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago''<span>, Revised edition, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1997</span></ref> Karano hinggo kini alun ado artefak [[Neolitikum]] (Zaman Batu Mudo) nan ditamui di wilayah Batak mangko dapaik dikatokan baso niniak muyang urang Batak baru bamigrasi ka Sumatera Utara di zaman logam. Pado abaik ka-6, padagang-padagang [[Tamil]] asa [[India]] manaruko kota dagang [[Barus, Tapanuli Tengah|Barus]], di pasisia barat Sumatera Utara. Mareka badagang kapua Barus nan diusahokan dek patani-patani di padalaman. Kapua Barus dari tanah Batak bamutu tinggi sahinggo manjadi salah satu komoditas ekspor di samping kemenyan. Pado abaik ka-10, Barus disarang dek [[Kerajaan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]. Hal iko manyababkan diusianyo padagang-padagang Tamil dari pasisia Sumatera<ref>{{cite book | last =Munoz | first =Paul Michel | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula | publisher = | date =2006 | location = | url = | doi = | isbn = | page = }}</ref>. Pado maso-maso barikuiknyo, padagangan kapua Barus mulai banyak dikuasoi dek padagang [[Minangkabau]] nan mandirikan koloni di pasisia barat jo timur Sumatera Utara. Koloni-koloni mareka tabantang dari Barus, [[Sorkam, Tapanuli Tengah|Sorkam]], hinggo [[Natal, Mandailing Natal|Natal]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Dobbin|first=Christine|title=Gejolak Ekonomi, Kebangkitan Islam, dan Gerakan Paderi, Minangkabau 1784 – 1847}}</ref>. Kini suku banso nan dikategorikan sabagai Batak adolah: Batak Toba, Batak Karo, Batak Pakpak, Batak Simalungun, Batak Angkola, jo Batak Mandailing. == Identitas Batak == [[Berkas:Book of Wizards Batak Indonesia.jpg|jmpl|Buku sihir nan ditulih jo aksara Batak]] Identitas Batak populer dalam sijarah Indonesia modern sasudah didirian sarato bagabuangnyo rang mudo Angkola, Mandailing, Karo, Toba, Simalungun, jo Pakpak di organisasi nan dinamokan Jong Batak taun 1926, tanpa mambedakan agamo dalam ciek kasapahaman:<blockquote>''Bahasa Batak kita begitu kaya akan Puisi, Pepatah dan Pribahasa nan mengandung satu dunia kebijaksanaan tersendiri, Bahasanya sama dari Utara ke Selatan, tapi terbagi jelas dalam berbagai dialek. Kita memiliki budaya sendiri, Aksara sendiri, Seni Bangunan nan tinggi mutunya nan sepanjang masa tetap membuktikan bahwa kita mempunyai nenek moyang nan perkasa, Sistem marga nan berlaku bagi semua kelompok penduduk negeri kita menunjukkan adanya tata negara nan bijak, kita berhak mendirikan sebuah persatuan Batak nan khas, nan dapat membela kepentingan kita dan melindungi budaya kuno itu'' <ref>{{cite book|title=Dengan Semangat Berkobar|author=Hans Van Miert|publisher=Hasta Mitra-Pustaka Utan Kayu-KITLV|year=2003|isbn=9799665736|page=475}}</ref></blockquote>[[R.W Liddle]] mangatokan, baso sabalun abaik ka-20 di Sumatera bagian utara indak ado kalompok etnis sabagai satuan sosial nan koheren. Manuruiknyo sampaik abaik ka-19 interaksi sosial di daerah itu hanyo tabateh pado hubuangan antar individu, antar kalompok kakarabatan, atau antar kampuang. Ampiang indah ado kasadaran untuak manjadi bagian dari satuan-satuan sosial jo politik nan labiah gadang.<ref>{{cite book|url=|title=Ethnicity, party, and national integration: an Indonesian case study|last=Liddle|first=R.W|date=|publisher=New Haven: Yale University Press|isbn=|location=|page=|doi=|authorlink=|coauthors=}}</ref> Pandapek lain mangecekan, baso muncuanyo kasadaran tantang sabuah kaluarga gadang Batak baru tajadi pado zaman kolonial.<ref>{{cite book|url=|title=Statelesness and Stateforming Tendencies Among the Batak before Colonial Rule|last=Castles|first=L|date=|publisher=Monograph no 6 of MBRAS|isbn=|location=Kuala Lumpur|page=67-66|doi=|authorlink=|coauthors=}}</ref> Dalam disertasi [[J. Pardede]] mangamukokan baso istilah "Tanah Batak" jo "rakyaik Batak" dibuek dek pihak asiang. Sabaliaknya, [[Siti Omas Manurung]], saurang istri dari putra pandeta Batak Toba manyatokan, baso sabalun datangnyo Ulando, sadoalah urang baiak [[Karo]] maupun [[Simalungun]] mangakui dirinyo Batak, dan Ulandolah nan alah mambuek tapisahnyo kalompok-kalompok tu. Sabuah mitos nan mamiliki babagai macam versi manyatokan, bahwa [[Pusuk Buhit]], sabuah puncak di barat [[Danau Toba]], adolah tampek lahia banso Batak. Salain itu mitos-mitos tu juo manyatokan baso niniak muyang urang Batak barasa dari [[Samosir]]. Tabantuaknyo masyarakaik Batak nan tasusun dari baragam marga, sabagian disababkan dek adonyo migrasi kaluarga-kaluarga dari wilayah lain di Sumatera. Panallitian pantiang tantang tradisi Karo dilakukan dek [[J. H Neumann]], manuruik sastra lisan jo transkripsi duo naskah satampek, iyolah ''[[Pustaka Kembaren]]'' jo ''[[Pustaka Ginting]]''. Manuruik ''Pustaka Kembaren'', daerah asa marga Kembaren dari [[Karajaan Pagaruyuang|Pagaruyuang]] di [[Minangkabau]]. Urang Tamil dipakirokan juo manjadi unsua pambantuak masyarakaik Karo. Hal iko nampak dari banyaknyo namo marga Karo nan diturunkan dari bahaso Tamil. Urang-urang Tamil nan manjadi padagang di pantai barat, lari ka padalaman Sumatera dek disarang pasukan Minangkabau nan datang dari abaik ka-14 untuak manguasoi [[Barus, Tapanuli Tengah|Barus]].<ref>{{cite book|url=|title=Hindoe-Invloed in Noordelijk Batakland|last=Tideman|first=J.|date=|publisher=Uitgave van het Bataksche Institut no 23|isbn=|location=Amsterdam|page=56|doi=|authorlink=|coauthors=}}</ref> == Salam khas Batak == [[Berkas:Batak languages id.svg|jmpl|300px|Ragam bahaso dalam rumpun Batak]] Tiok puak Batak mampunyoi salam khasnyo surang-surang. Walaupun urang Batak tanamo jo salam ''Horas''nyo, namun masih ado duo salam lai nan kurang populer yakni ''Mejuah-juah'' jo ''Njuah-juah. Horas'' pun ado sebutan surang-surang manuruik puak nan manggunokannyo. 1. Pakpak: “''Njuah-juah Mo Banta Karina!''” 2. Karo: “''Mejuah-juah Kita Krina!''” 3. Toba: “''Horas Jala Gabe Ma Di Hita Saluhutna!''” 4. Simalungun: “''Horas banta Haganupan, Salam Habonaran Do Bona!''” 5. Mandailing jo Angkola: “''Horas Tondi Madingin Pir Ma Tondi Matogu, Sayur Matua Bulung!''” == Arsitektur == === Rumah === {{Artikelutamo|Rumah Bolon}} Rumah adat urang Batak banamo [[Rumah Bolon]] (''Jabu Bolon''). Rumah Bolon ko marupokan rumah adat nan dibangun di ateh tunggak-tunggak kayu nan manopangnyo mambantuak rumah pangguang. Atoknyo babantuak palano kudo, nan salayang tampak manyarupoi [[Rumah Gadang|Rumah Gadang bagonjong duo]], nan antaro bagian pangka jo ujuang mampunyoi panjang nan babeda. Manuruik carito, mulonyo Rumah Bolon ko manjadi tampek tingga rajo Batak nan 13.<ref name=":0">Sinaga, K. R. (2018). [http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/4746?show=full Jabu Batak Toba (Studi Arsitektur Tradisional dan Etno Disain)]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara</ref> Rumah Bolon ko marupokan rumah nan bisa diuni labiah dari ciek kaluarga. Rumah ko dapek diuni duo inggo anam kaluarga. Daulu walau banyak kaluarga nan mauni, indak ado basakek-sakek biliak di dalamnyo. Baru kini sajo dibuek basakek-sakek untuak manjago barang tiok kaluarga.<ref name=":0" /> Rumah Bolon kini lah mulai jarang dibangun dek bahan pambangunannyo nan sarik sainggo paralu biaya maha. Masih dapek tasuo di sakitar Danau Toba. Panamoan Rumah Bolon untuak rumah adat urang Batak hanyo balaku di wilayah [[Batak Toba]] jo [[Urang Simalungun|Simalungun]]. Di daerah Batak lainnyo mampunyoi namo jo bantuak nan babeda-beda.<ref name=":0" /> Rumah adat Mandailing jo Angkola dinamokan jo ''[[Bagas Godang]]''.<ref>Fitri, I., Bahri, S., Hutabarat, M., Setiawan, I., & Laksmi, B. S. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Isnen_Fitri3/publication/317299787_INVENTORI_ARSITEKTUR_TRADISIONAL_MANDAILING_GODANG_The_inventory_of_Mandailing_Architecture/links/5930cbdfaca272fc55e17ab5/INVENTORI-ARSITEKTUR-TRADISIONAL-MANDAILING-GODANG-The-inventory-of-Mandailing-Architecture.pdf INVENTORI ARSITEKTUR TRADISIONAL MANDAILING GODANG].</ref><ref>Dewita, A., Mujib, A., & Siregar, H. (2019). [https://journal.institutpendidikan.ac.id/index.php/mosharafa/article/view/mv8n1_01 Studi Etnomatematika tentang Bagas Godang sebagai Unsur Budaya Mandailing di Sumatera Utara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103054110/https://journal.institutpendidikan.ac.id/index.php/mosharafa/article/view/mv8n1_01 |date=2019-11-03 }}. ''Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika'', ''8''(1), 1-12.</ref><ref>Effendi, H. (2018). [http://journal.ipts.ac.id/index.php/ED/article/view/682/241 REKONSTRUKSI FUNGSI BAGAS GODANG DAN SOPO GODANG SEBAGAI CULTURE HERITAGE DI TANAH MANDAILING.] ''JURNAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT'', ''6''(2), 25-25.</ref><ref>Kholilah, A., Minawati, R., & Zulhelman, Z. (2017). [http://journal.isi-padangpanjang.ac.id/index.php/Bercadik/article/view/44 Bentuk Dan Fungsi Rumah Adat Raja Pamusuk Mandailing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103054109/http://journal.isi-padangpanjang.ac.id/index.php/Bercadik/article/view/44 |date=2019-11-03 }}. ''Bercadik: Jurnal Pengkajian dan Penciptaan Seni'', ''2''(1).</ref> Pado masyarakaik Karo dinamokan ''[[Siwaluh Jabu]]'',<ref>Ulfa, F., & Pane, I. F. (2018). [https://talenta.usu.ac.id/koridor/article/view/1365 PERGESERAN POLA RUANG PADA RUMAH ADAT KARO SIWALUH JABU]. ''Jurnal Koridor'', ''9''(2), 243-249.</ref> sadangkan pado masyarakaik Pakpak<ref>{{Cite thesis|title=PENERAPAN ORNAMEN PAKPAK PADA GEDUNG PERKANTORAN PEMKAB PAKPAK BHARAT DITINJAU DARI BAHAN BENTUK TEKNIK DAN WARNA|url=http://digilib.unimed.ac.id/22392/|date=2015-04-04|access-date=2019-11-03|language=id|first=Fransisko R.|last=Purba}}</ref> dinamokan ''Jerro''.<gallery widths="200"> Berkas:Bagas Godang Panyabungan.jpeg|''Bagas Godang'' Mandailing Berkas:Rumah Bolon.jpg|Rumah-rumah Bolon di sabuah kampuang di [[Danau Toba|Toba]] Berkas:Rumah Bolon at Pematang Purba.jpg|Rumah Bolon Simalungun Berkas:Rumah Adat Karo.jpg|Rumah ''Siwaluh Jabu'' Karo </gallery> == Aksara Batak == {{utama|Surat Batak}} Aksara dasar (''ina ni surat'') dalam tulisan bahaso Batak marepresentasikan ciek suku kato jo vokal inheren /a/. Ado 19 aksara dasar nan dipunyoi dek sadoalah varian aksara Batak, samantaro babarapo aksara dasar nan hanyo digunoan pado varian tertentu. Bantuaknyo dapek dicaliak sabagaimano di bawah iko:{{sfn|Kozok|2009}} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: center;" | ''Ina ni Surat'' |-style="text-align:center;" ! ! a ! ha ! ka ! ba ! pa ! na ! wa ! ga ! ja ! da ! ra ! ma ! ta ! sa ! ya ! nga ! la ! nya ! ca ! nda ! mba ! i ! u |- style="length:20%;" ! style="width:10%; text-align:center;" |Karo | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" | [[Berkas:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ba-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | rowspan="5" align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ja.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ja]] | rowspan="5" align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Da.svg|30px|link=|alt=Da]] | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | rowspan="5" align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Nga.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nga]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] ! | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak Ca-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]] |[[Berkas:Batak Nda.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nda]] |[[Berkas:Batak Mba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | rowspan="5" align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak I.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] | rowspan="5" align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak U.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] |- style="length:10%;" ! style="width:10%; text-align:center;" |Angkola<br>Mandailing | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ha-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ka-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Na-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Sa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Sa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ca-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Ca-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] ! rowspan="4" | ! rowspan="4" | |- style="length:10%;" ! style="width:10%; text-align:center;" |Pakpak | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Wa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] ! | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]] |- style="length:10%;" ! style="width:10%; text-align:center;" |Simalungun | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak A-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" | [[Berkas:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Pa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Wa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ga-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ra-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ma-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Sa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ya-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak La-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] ! rowspan="2"| |- style="length:10%;" ! style="width:10%; text-align:center;" |Toba | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" | [[Berkas:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" | [[Berkas:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Wa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] |} Bantuak-bantuak di ateh marupoan bantuak nan digeneralisasi, indak jarang ciek naskah manggunoan varian bantuk aksara atau tarikan garih nan saketek babedo antaro ciek samo lainnyo tagantuang dari daerah asa jo media nan digunoan.{{sfn|Kozok|2009}} Aksara i ({{btk|ᯤ}}) jo u ({{btk|ᯥ}}) hanyo digunoan untuak suku kato tabukak, misal pado kato ''ina'' {{btk|ᯤᯉ}} jo ''ulu'' {{btk|ᯥᯞᯮ}}. Untuak suku kato tatutuik nan diawali dek bunyi i atau u, dipakailah aksara a ({{btk|ᯀ}} atau {{btk|ᯁ}}) basamo diaktirik untuak masiang-masiang vokal, misal pado kato ''indung'' {{btk|ᯀᯪᯉ᯲ᯑᯮᯰ}} jo ''umpama'' {{btk|ᯀᯮᯔ᯲ᯇᯔ}}.{{sfn|Kozok|1999|pp=109}} == Caliak pulo == *[[Mitologi Batak]] *[[Bahaso Batak]] ==Rujuakan== {{Reflist|2}} {{Suku Banso di Indonesia}} [[Kategori:Suku banso di Indonesia|Batak]] [[Kategori:Batak]] [[Kategori:Suku banso di Sumatera Utara]] [[Kategori:Sumatera Utaro]] ekhc9lnr4s9y56l654ndz0qq7m01lh8 Rundiang Pangguno:Ран-кан 3 227716 3346013 1369752 2026-04-23T16:56:20Z J ansari 6839 J ansari mamindahan laman [[Rundiang Pangguno:Ранко Николић]] ka [[Rundiang Pangguno:Ран-кан]]: Secara otomatis memindahkan halaman ketika mengganti nama pengguna "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ранко Николић|Ранко Николић]]" menjadi "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ран-кан|Ран-кан]]" 1369752 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #abf5d5; background-color:#f1fcf5; padding: .5em .5em .2em .5em " ! style="border-bottom:1px solid #abf5d5; background-color:#d0f5e5; padding:0.2em 0.5em 0.2em 0.5em; font-weight:bold; font-size: 120%" | '''[[Wikipedia:Salamaik datang|Salamaik datang]] Sanak {{PAGENAME}} di [[Wikipedia bahaso Minang]]!'''[[Kategori:Wikipediawan nan bagabuang bulan Oktober 2013]] |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid #f1fcf5; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em; text-align: left; font-size:95%;" | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:.5em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" | style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #AFA3BF; background-color:#faf5ff;" | <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #AFA3BF; background-color:#ddcef2; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 1em; font-weight:bold">[[Berkas:Crystal Clear app kedit.svg|right|48px|link=|Mamulai]] '''Mamulai'''</div> <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #AFA3BF; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em"> * Pangguno baru dapek mancaliak laman <u>'''[[Wikipedia:Panganta|Panganta Wikipedia]]'''</u> talabiah daulu. * Dunsanak dapek mampakanalkan diri pado Wikipediawan lainnyo di [[Wikipedia:Laman pakanalan|Laman pakanalan]] * Untuak mancubo manyuntiang, gunoan '''[[Wikipedia:Bak kasiak|bak kasiak]]'''.{{#ifexist:Pangguno:{{PAGENAME}}|| * Tuliskan juo sangenek propil Sanak di: [{{fullurl:Pangguno:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&preload=Templat:Sd/Propil}}&editintro=Templat:Sd/Editintro3 Pangguno:{{PAGENAME}}], laman propil jo ruang paribadi Sanak, bia kami dapek labiah mangenal Sanak.}} * Baco juo''' [[Wikipedia:Aturan nan disadaranokan|aturan nan disadaranokan]]''' sabalum malanjuikkan. Iko adolah hal-hal nan mandasa nan paralu dikatahui jo sado panyuntiang Wikipedia. </div> <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #AFA3BF; background-color:#ddcef2; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 1em; font-weight:bold">[[File:Crystal Project Contexthelp.png|right|54px|link=|Bantuan]] '''Bantuan'''</div> <div style="padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em"> * [[Bantuan:Isi]] - tampek mancari informasi tantang caro bakontribusi di Wikipedia, sabalum batanyo pado pangguno lain. * [[Wikipedia:Tanyo jawek|FAQ]] - patanyoan nan acok diajukan tantang Wikipedia. </div> | style="padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background-color:#f1fcf5;"| | style="width:50%%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#f1f5fc;" | <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#d0e5f5; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 1em; font-weight:bold">[[File:Crystal Project Ktip.png|right|48px|link=|Tips]] '''''Tips'''''</div> <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #abd5f5; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em"> * [[Bantuan:Tando tangan|Salalu tando tangani]] patanyoan Sanak pado diskusi di [[Wikipedia:Kadai Kopi|Kadai Kopi]] ataupun pado [[Wikipedia:Laman rundiang|laman maota.]] Caronyo, ketikkan 4 tando "tilda" <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> pado akhia pasan Sanak. Iko akan otomatis diubah manjadi namo pangguno Sanak sarato jo tanggal. * Jan lupo baco [[Wikipedia:Kabijakan|prinsip jo padoman dasar]] Wikipedia. * Nio mambuek atau manyuntiang laman? Caliak dulu [[Wikipedia:Padoman gaya|padoman gaya]] Wikipedia. Lalu caliek pulo [[Wikipedia:Mamulai laman baru|caro mamulai laman baru]] sarato [[Wikipedia:Manyuntiang sabuah laman|caro manyuntiang laman]]. </div> <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#d0e5f5; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 1em; font-weight:bold">[[Berkas:Crystal Clear action reload.png|right|44px|link=|Mambuek kasalahan?]] '''Mambuek kasalahan?'''</div> <div style="solid #abd5f5; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em"> * [[Wikipedia:Jan tababani dek aturan|'''''Jan takuik!''''']] Sanak indak paralu takuik salah gai do, saaik manyuntiang ataupun mambuek laman baru, manambahkan ataupun manghapuih kalimaik.<p>[[Wikipedia:Panguruih|Panguruih]] sarato [[Wikipedia:Wikipediawan|pangguno]] lainnyo nan mamantau [[Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru|parubahan tabaru]] akan capek manamukan kasalahan Sanak dan mangambalikannyo ka bantuak samulo.</p> </div> |} : <i>'''Welcome!''' If you are not an Indonesian speaker, you may want to visit the [[Wikipedia:Kadutaan|Minangkabau Wikipedia embassy]] or [[Wikipedia:Babel/min-0|a slight info to find users speaking your language]]. Enjoy!</i> : '''Salamaik manjalajah''', kami manunggu suntiangan Sanak di [[Wikipedia bahaso Minang]]! :[[User:Aplikasi|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Comic Sans MS">'''Apli'''</span>]] [[User talk:Aplikasi|<span style="color:skyred; font-family:Comic Sans MS">'''kasi'''</span>]] 25 Oktober 2013 11.36 (WIB) |} apf6709c8p1cx08dl7m6q4xpuff89ts Templat:Btk 10 323238 3346033 1633503 2026-04-24T01:18:58Z Kwamikagami 1790 3346033 wikitext text/x-wiki <span lang="batk" style="{{#if:{{{small|}}}||font-size:{{{size|16px}}}}}; line-height:{{{height|2.1em}}}; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Batak Unicode','Noto Sans Batak','Pangururan','Prada';">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> ----- Templat iko digunokan untuak manandoi teks nan ditulih dalam [[bahaso Batak]], manggunokan jinih dan ukuran huruf khusus. == See also == [[Kategori:Templat bahaso]] </noinclude> ewbx7oi584hx9abnra3774gahbvp2k7 Kota Padangsidempuan 0 326090 3346045 3155446 2026-04-24T02:54:35Z Kwamikagami 1790 correct nonsense 3346045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Kota Padangsidimpuan |native_name = {{btk|ᯇᯑᯰᯚᯪᯑᯪᯔ᯲ᯇᯮᯀᯉ᯲}} |nickname = |motto = ''Salumpat Saindege''<br /> (Salangkah Sairama, Saiyo Sakato) |image_skyline = PadandsidimpuanSalak.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_blank_emblem = Lambang Kota Padang Sidempuan.jpg |image_seal = |image_shield = |image_map = Lokasi Sumatera Utara Kota Padangsidempuan.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Latak Kota Padang Sidempuan di [[Sumatra Utara]] |pushpin_map_caption = Latak kota Padang Sidempuan di [[Indonesia]] |pushpin_map = Indonesia |coordinates_region = ID |subdivision_type = Nagara |subdivision_name = [[Indonesia]] |subdivision_type1 = Provinsi |subdivision_name1 = [[Sumatera Utara]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |government_type = |leader_title = [[Wali Kota Padangsidimpuan|Wali Kota]] |leader_name = [[Irsan Efendi Nasution|Irsan Efendi Nasution SH]] |leader_title1 = Wakia |leader_name1 = Ir. H. Arwin Siregar M.M. |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 =<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name3 = | dau = Rp. 308.201.364.000,- | dauref =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2011/bulan/02/tanggal/17/id/590/|title=Perpres No. 6 Tahun 2011|date=2011-02-17|accessdate=2011-05-23|archive-date=2016-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113052713/http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2011/bulan/02/tanggal/17/id/590/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |established_title = Agamo |established_date = [[Islam]] 85.57%<br> [[Kristen Protestan]] 13.11%<br> [[Katolik]] 0.88%<br> [[Buddha]] 0.43%<ref>[https://padangsidimpuankota.bps.go.id/frontend/index.php/publikasi/70/"Kota Padangsidimpuan Dalam Angka 2016"]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 114,65 |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://padangsidimpuankota.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/03/22/3/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-jenis-kelamin-dan-kecamatan-2010-2016.html |title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Jenis Kelamin dan Kecamatan, 2010-2016 |access-date=2019-11-06 |archive-date=2019-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106045631/https://padangsidimpuankota.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/03/22/3/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-jenis-kelamin-dan-kecamatan-2010-2016.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |population_note = |population_total = 212917 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_mi2 = |kecamatan = 6 |kelurahan = 79 |timezone = [[Wakatu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] |utc_offset = +7 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=1 |latm=22 |lats=00 |latNS=N |longd=99 |longm=16 |longs=20 |longEW=E |coordinates_display = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = +62 634 |web = http://www.padangsidimpuankota.go.id |footnotes = }} '''Kota Padangsidimpuan''' (diijo pulo: ''Padangsidempuan'') adolah sabuah [[kota]] di [[Provinsi]] [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Kota Padang Sidempuan marupokan kota paliang gadang di wilayah Tapanuli. Kota ko tanamo jo sabutan ''Kota Salak'' dek di kota ikolah urang-urang parak salak nan dari [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan]] (nan di sakaliliang kota ko), utamonyo nan dari kaki Gunuang Lubukraya, manjua hasia panennyo. == Sijarah == Namo kota ko barasa dari ''Padang na dimpu'' (''padang'': hamparan laweh; ''na'': nan; ''dimpu'': tinggi) nan aratinyo "hamparan rumpuik laweh nan talatak di tampek nan tinggi". Pado zaman daulu daerah ko marupokan tampek singgah urang-urang niago dari baragam tampek, padagang ikan jo garam dari [[Sibolga]] - Padang Sidempuan - [[Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal|Panyabungan]], Padang Bolak ([[Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara|Padang Lawas Utara]]) - Padang Sidempuan - Sibolga. Sairiang pakambangan zaman, tampek singgah ko samakin rami nan kudian manjadi kota. Kota ko dibangun partamo kali sabagai benteng pado taun 1821 dek pasukan Pidari nan dipimpin Tuanku Lelo. Benteng ko mambantan gdari Batang Ayumi sampai ka Aek Sibontar. Siso-siso benteng paninggalan [[Parang Pidari]] kini masih tasuo, walau alah indak tajago sacaro baiak. Salah satu pangaruah pasukan Pidari di kota ko yaitu agamo nan banyak dianuik panduduak satampek , yaitu Islam. Pado zaman Balando, kota ko dijadikan pusek pamarintahan dek Balando untuak wilayah Tapanuli. Paninggalan bangunan Balando masih bisa tasuo kini, co kantua pos kota Padang Sidempuan. == Panduduak == === Agamo === Mayoritas panduduak kota Padang Sidempuan baragamo Islam, dan sabagian lainnyo baragamo Kristen, Katolik dan Buddha. Manuruik Sensus 2010, panduduak nan baragamo Islam bajumlah 89.95%, Kristen: 8.94%, Katolik: 0.46%, Buddha: 0.35%, dan lainnyo: 0.29%. === Etnis === {| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin: .5em 0 .5em 1em;" |+'''Komposisi etnis Kota Padang Sidempuan pado taun 2010''' !Etnis !Jumlah (%) |- |[[Suku Angkola|Angkola]] | align="right" |44,8 |- |[[Suku Mandailing|Mandailing]] | align="right" |20,1 |- |[[Suku Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] | align="right" |14,5 |- |[[Suku Jawa|Jawa]] | align="right" |11,3 |- |[[Suku Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] | align="right" |4,2 |- |[[Suku Nias|Nias]] | align="right" |2,5 |- |Lain-lain | align="right" |2,6 |- | colspan="2" |<small>Sumber: Sensus Penduduk Tahun 2010</small> |} Sabagai kota paliang gadang di Tapanuli, Padang Sidempuan marupokan kota patamuan tigo etnis di Sumatera Utara, yakni [[Suku Angkola|Angkola]], [[Suku Mandailing|Mandailing]], dan [[Urang Toba|Batak Toba]]. Salain itu dalam jumlah gadang ado pulo etnis [[Suku Jawa|Jawa]] jo [[Urang Minang|Minangkabau]]. Kahadiran urang-urang Jawa di Padang Sidempuan dipakirokan sajak taun 1970-an sangkek pambangunan [[Jalan Raya Lintas Sumatra]]. Sadangkan urang-urang Minang, alah marantau ka Padang Sidempuan sajak maso [[Parang Pidari]]. Sabalun maso kamardekaan, banyak ulama jo guru asa Minangkabau nan maaja di kota ko.<ref>Hamka, Islam dan adat Minangkabau, 1984</ref> == Rujuakan == {{reflist}} == Pautan lua == * {{id icon}} [http://www.sumutprov.go.id/ Situs web resmi Sumatra Utara] * {{id icon}} [http://www.apakabarsidimpuan.com/ Apa Kabar Sidimpuan Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106045648/https://www.apakabarsidimpuan.com/ |date=2019-11-06 }} {{Wikiportal|Indonesia}}<br /><nowiki/>{{wikivoyage|Padang Sidempuan}} {{commonscat|Padang Sidempuan}} {{Kota Padang Sidempuan}} {{Sumut}} [[Kategori:Kota Padang Sidempuan| ]] [[Kategori:Kota di Sumatera Utara|Padang Sidempuan]] [[Kategori:Kota di Indonesia|Padang Sidempuan]] lan75tz4eu0mckkjjw3rw92w9k38dhd 3346049 3346045 2026-04-24T05:07:32Z CommonsDelinker 3044 Replacing PadandsidimpuanSalak.jpg with [[File:PadangsidimpuanSalak.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:). 3346049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Kota Padangsidimpuan |native_name = {{btk|ᯇᯑᯰᯚᯪᯑᯪᯔ᯲ᯇᯮᯀᯉ᯲}} |nickname = |motto = ''Salumpat Saindege''<br /> (Salangkah Sairama, Saiyo Sakato) |image_skyline = PadangsidimpuanSalak.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_blank_emblem = Lambang Kota Padang Sidempuan.jpg |image_seal = |image_shield = |image_map = Lokasi Sumatera Utara Kota Padangsidempuan.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Latak Kota Padang Sidempuan di [[Sumatra Utara]] |pushpin_map_caption = Latak kota Padang Sidempuan di [[Indonesia]] |pushpin_map = Indonesia |coordinates_region = ID |subdivision_type = Nagara |subdivision_name = [[Indonesia]] |subdivision_type1 = Provinsi |subdivision_name1 = [[Sumatera Utara]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |government_type = |leader_title = [[Wali Kota Padangsidimpuan|Wali Kota]] |leader_name = [[Irsan Efendi Nasution|Irsan Efendi Nasution SH]] |leader_title1 = Wakia |leader_name1 = Ir. H. Arwin Siregar M.M. |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 =<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name3 = | dau = Rp. 308.201.364.000,- | dauref =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2011/bulan/02/tanggal/17/id/590/|title=Perpres No. 6 Tahun 2011|date=2011-02-17|accessdate=2011-05-23|archive-date=2016-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113052713/http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2011/bulan/02/tanggal/17/id/590/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |established_title = Agamo |established_date = [[Islam]] 85.57%<br> [[Kristen Protestan]] 13.11%<br> [[Katolik]] 0.88%<br> [[Buddha]] 0.43%<ref>[https://padangsidimpuankota.bps.go.id/frontend/index.php/publikasi/70/"Kota Padangsidimpuan Dalam Angka 2016"]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 114,65 |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://padangsidimpuankota.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/03/22/3/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-jenis-kelamin-dan-kecamatan-2010-2016.html |title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Jenis Kelamin dan Kecamatan, 2010-2016 |access-date=2019-11-06 |archive-date=2019-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106045631/https://padangsidimpuankota.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/03/22/3/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-jenis-kelamin-dan-kecamatan-2010-2016.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |population_note = |population_total = 212917 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_mi2 = |kecamatan = 6 |kelurahan = 79 |timezone = [[Wakatu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] |utc_offset = +7 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=1 |latm=22 |lats=00 |latNS=N |longd=99 |longm=16 |longs=20 |longEW=E |coordinates_display = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = +62 634 |web = http://www.padangsidimpuankota.go.id |footnotes = }} '''Kota Padangsidimpuan''' (diijo pulo: ''Padangsidempuan'') adolah sabuah [[kota]] di [[Provinsi]] [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Kota Padang Sidempuan marupokan kota paliang gadang di wilayah Tapanuli. Kota ko tanamo jo sabutan ''Kota Salak'' dek di kota ikolah urang-urang parak salak nan dari [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan]] (nan di sakaliliang kota ko), utamonyo nan dari kaki Gunuang Lubukraya, manjua hasia panennyo. == Sijarah == Namo kota ko barasa dari ''Padang na dimpu'' (''padang'': hamparan laweh; ''na'': nan; ''dimpu'': tinggi) nan aratinyo "hamparan rumpuik laweh nan talatak di tampek nan tinggi". Pado zaman daulu daerah ko marupokan tampek singgah urang-urang niago dari baragam tampek, padagang ikan jo garam dari [[Sibolga]] - Padang Sidempuan - [[Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal|Panyabungan]], Padang Bolak ([[Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara|Padang Lawas Utara]]) - Padang Sidempuan - Sibolga. Sairiang pakambangan zaman, tampek singgah ko samakin rami nan kudian manjadi kota. Kota ko dibangun partamo kali sabagai benteng pado taun 1821 dek pasukan Pidari nan dipimpin Tuanku Lelo. Benteng ko mambantan gdari Batang Ayumi sampai ka Aek Sibontar. Siso-siso benteng paninggalan [[Parang Pidari]] kini masih tasuo, walau alah indak tajago sacaro baiak. Salah satu pangaruah pasukan Pidari di kota ko yaitu agamo nan banyak dianuik panduduak satampek , yaitu Islam. Pado zaman Balando, kota ko dijadikan pusek pamarintahan dek Balando untuak wilayah Tapanuli. Paninggalan bangunan Balando masih bisa tasuo kini, co kantua pos kota Padang Sidempuan. == Panduduak == === Agamo === Mayoritas panduduak kota Padang Sidempuan baragamo Islam, dan sabagian lainnyo baragamo Kristen, Katolik dan Buddha. Manuruik Sensus 2010, panduduak nan baragamo Islam bajumlah 89.95%, Kristen: 8.94%, Katolik: 0.46%, Buddha: 0.35%, dan lainnyo: 0.29%. === Etnis === {| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin: .5em 0 .5em 1em;" |+'''Komposisi etnis Kota Padang Sidempuan pado taun 2010''' !Etnis !Jumlah (%) |- |[[Suku Angkola|Angkola]] | align="right" |44,8 |- |[[Suku Mandailing|Mandailing]] | align="right" |20,1 |- |[[Suku Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] | align="right" |14,5 |- |[[Suku Jawa|Jawa]] | align="right" |11,3 |- |[[Suku Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] | align="right" |4,2 |- |[[Suku Nias|Nias]] | align="right" |2,5 |- |Lain-lain | align="right" |2,6 |- | colspan="2" |<small>Sumber: Sensus Penduduk Tahun 2010</small> |} Sabagai kota paliang gadang di Tapanuli, Padang Sidempuan marupokan kota patamuan tigo etnis di Sumatera Utara, yakni [[Suku Angkola|Angkola]], [[Suku Mandailing|Mandailing]], dan [[Urang Toba|Batak Toba]]. Salain itu dalam jumlah gadang ado pulo etnis [[Suku Jawa|Jawa]] jo [[Urang Minang|Minangkabau]]. Kahadiran urang-urang Jawa di Padang Sidempuan dipakirokan sajak taun 1970-an sangkek pambangunan [[Jalan Raya Lintas Sumatra]]. Sadangkan urang-urang Minang, alah marantau ka Padang Sidempuan sajak maso [[Parang Pidari]]. Sabalun maso kamardekaan, banyak ulama jo guru asa Minangkabau nan maaja di kota ko.<ref>Hamka, Islam dan adat Minangkabau, 1984</ref> == Rujuakan == {{reflist}} == Pautan lua == * {{id icon}} [http://www.sumutprov.go.id/ Situs web resmi Sumatra Utara] * {{id icon}} [http://www.apakabarsidimpuan.com/ Apa Kabar Sidimpuan Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106045648/https://www.apakabarsidimpuan.com/ |date=2019-11-06 }} {{Wikiportal|Indonesia}}<br /><nowiki/>{{wikivoyage|Padang Sidempuan}} {{commonscat|Padang Sidempuan}} {{Kota Padang Sidempuan}} {{Sumut}} [[Kategori:Kota Padang Sidempuan| ]] [[Kategori:Kota di Sumatera Utara|Padang Sidempuan]] [[Kategori:Kota di Indonesia|Padang Sidempuan]] ptcdbbyuch6kaq8tii1ozd9pxmqydrh Andani Eka Putra 0 328079 3346011 3345734 2026-04-23T16:07:45Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3346011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ANT}} {{Infobox urang}} '''Dr. dr. Andani Eka Putra, M.Sc.''' ({{lahirmati|Tarusan, [[Sumatra Barat]]|15|8|1972}}) adolah [[dotor]] [[Indonesia]] nan kini manjabaik sabagai Kepala Laboratorium Pusat Diagnostik dan Riset Penyakit Infeksi [[Universitas Andalas]] (Unand), [[Padang]]. Salain itu, inyo marupoan salah saurang direksi Rumah Sakit (RS) Unand.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://rsp.unand.ac.id/direksi|title=RS Unand - Direksi Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas|website=rsp.unand.ac.id|access-date=2020-06-08}}</ref> Andani banyak urang nan tau tantang jasonyo pado maso [[Pandemi koronavirus di Sumatra Barat|pandemi COVID-19 di Sumatra Barat]] sarato disabuik dalam rilis [[Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana]] (BNPB) sabagai "Patriot Militan di Tengah Pandemi".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://bnpb.go.id/berita/patriot-militan-di-tengah-pandemi|title=Patriot Militan di Tengah Pandemi|last=Ariansyah|first=Aldi|website=BNPB|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-06-07}}</ref> Andani awalnyo batugas di bagian mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran (FK) Unand sarato bakarajo di bidang [[bioteknologi medis]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dosen.unand.ac.id/web/detail?kode=-by--d3y5xc632bn12gd72gsby--jq--ev-9oUjk8y7f4590j65|title=Direktori Dosen Unand|last=|first=|date=|website=dosen.unand.ac.id|publisher=|access-date=2020-06-29|archive-date=2020-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610155438/http://dosen.unand.ac.id/web/detail?kode=-by--d3y5xc632bn12gd72gsby--jq--ev-9oUjk8y7f4590j65|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Katiko pandemi koronavirus 2019 mulai manjangkik, inyo mangambangan laboratorium mikrobiologi FK manjadi pusek palayanan diagnostik panyakik inpeksi sampai akhianyo manjadi Laboratorium Infeksi Biomedik. Sajak Maret 2020, laboratorium tu mandapek ijin dari Kementrian Kasihatan untuak malakuan uji sampel swab urang nan disangko kanai koronavirus 2019. Iko sabalumnyo hanyo dikaji di Litbangkes Kemenkes RI.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://covesia.com/news/baca/93152/laboratorium-universitas-andalas-dapat-izin-kemenkes-uji-sampel-pasien-suspect-covid-19-di-sumbar|title=Laboratorium Universitas Andalas Dapat Izin Kemenkes Uji Sampel Pasien Suspect Covid-19 di Sumbar|website=covesia.com|language=en|access-date=2020-06-29|archive-date=2020-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412150950/https://covesia.com/news/baca/93152/laboratorium-universitas-andalas-dapat-izin-kemenkes-uji-sampel-pasien-suspect-covid-19-di-sumbar|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harianhaluan.com/news/detail/90733/update-bertambah-sudah-7-orang-dipastikan-terinfeksi-corona-di-sumbar|title=UPDATE: Bertambah, Sudah 7 Orang Dipastikan Terinfeksi Corona di Sumbar|website=www.harianhaluan.com|access-date=2020-06-29}}</ref>. == Pandidikan == Tamat dari [[SMA Negeri 3 Padang]] pado taun 1991, Andani masuak ka Fakultas Kedokteran (FK) [[Universitas Andalas]]. Samaso manjadi mahasiswaa, inyo aktif dalam dunia kampus. Andani lulus dari Unand taun 1996. Sasudah tamat, inyo maambiak pandidikan magister Jurusan Kedokteran Tropis di Fakultas Kedokteran [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]] (UGM). Inyo salasai di UGM taun 2009. Kamudian inyo mandapekan gala doktor di Fakultas Kedokteran [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]] (UGM) pado tahun 2016.<ref name=":6">[https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/12097-17-1-juta-penduduk-dunia-terkena-tb 17,1 Juta Penduduk Dunia Terkena TB]. ''ugm.ac.id.'' 21 Juli 2016.</ref> Disertasi Andani di UGM mambahas tantang genotyping ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'' isolat lokal.<ref name=":6" /> == Panghargaan == Andani Putra pernah mandapekan panghargaan dari Wali Kota Padang [[Mahyeldi Ansharullah]] sabagai masarakaik taladan. Panghargaan itu diagiahan katiko hari ulang taun Kota Padang nan ka 351 pado tangga 7 Agustus 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/padang/07/08/2020/dianugerahi-warga-teladan-andani-penghargaan-bagi-tim-lab-dan-medis/|title=Dianugerahi Warga Teladan, Andani: Penghargaan bagi Tim Lab dan Medis|last=padek|date=2020-08-07|website=Padek.co|language=id|access-date=2020-10-18|archive-date=2022-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816045800/https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/padang/07/08/2020/dianugerahi-warga-teladan-andani-penghargaan-bagi-tim-lab-dan-medis/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>. Salain itu, Andani Putra parnah pulo mandapekan panghargaan dari iNews sabagai Tokoh Profesional di ajang Indonesia Awards 2020 nan bertajuk "Kebanggaan Indonesia"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://padangkita.com/dr-andani-eka-putra-raih-penghargaan-sebagai-tokoh-profesional-dalam-ajang-indonesia-awards-2020/|title=dr Andani Eka Putra Raih Penghargaan sebagai Tokoh Profesional dalam Ajang Indonesia Awards 2020|date=2020-10-07|website=Padangkita.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref> == Penanganan COVID-19 == {{caliak pulo|Pandemi koronavirus di Sumatra Barat}} [[Berkas:Rumah Sakit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas 2020.jpg|jmpl|270x270px|Rumah Sakit Fakultas Kedokteran [[Universitas Andalas]]]] Sabalum pandemi koronavirus manjangkik di bumi ko, Andani biasonyo bakarajo di bagian mikrobiologi FK Universitas Andalas. Inyo banyak bakontribusi di bidang bioteknologi medis. Katiko bakarajo di situ, Andani punyo kainginan kuat baa caronyo nantik laboratorium tu bisa maagiahan palayanan ka diagnostik panyakik infeksi nan bisa digunokan dek masarakaik. Sajak 2016, inyo malangkokan fasilitas di laboratorium jo pitih siso panalitian inyo surang sarato bantuan dari banyak pihak kamudian mangambangkannyo untuak diagnostik [[rotavirus]] dan [[virus papiloma manusia]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>[[:id:Dahlan_Iskan|Dahlan Iskan]]. [https://radarsolo.jawapos.com/read/2020/05/04/192260/tirani-minoritas Tirani Minoritas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609174319/https://radarsolo.jawapos.com/read/2020/05/04/192260/tirani-minoritas |date=2020-06-09 }} ''[[:id:Radar_Solo|Radar Solo]]''. 04 Mei 2020.</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://sumbar.antaranews.com/berita/353577/kiprah-laboratorium-biomedik-unand-mengabdi-di-tengah-pandemi-covid-19|title=Kiprah Laboratorium Biomedik Unand mengabdi di tengah pandemi COVID-19|last=Agency|first=ANTARA News|website=Antara News Sumbar|access-date=2020-06-08}}</ref> Pado akhia tahun 2019, laboratorium mandapek bantua pitih dari universitas untuak mambangun fasilitas laboratorium nan ado kini, walaupun realisasi anggaran pitih baru 60%. Awal tahun 2020, Andani mulai bapikia baa caro bisa ikuik sato dalam mangambangkan diagnostik koronavirus 2019 nan alah banyak manyeba. Di awal bulan Pebruari 2020, inyo maambiak kaputusan untuak maagiahkan babarapo alat nan inyo punyo ka laboratorium. Jikok barang-barang tu diganti jo pitih, pitih nyo kiro-kiro Rp 2 miliar. Bantuan paralatan lainnyo banyak pulo nan masuak, tamasuak masin ''real time polymerase chain reaction'' (RT-PCR) dari [[Wali Kota Padang]] [[Mahyeldi Ansharullah]] jo urang nan punyo [[Paragon Technology and Innovation|Wardah]], [[Nurhayati Subakat]].<ref name=":1" /> Pado 24 Maret 2020, laboratorium FK Unand mandapek ijin dari Kementerian Kasihatan untuak malakuan uji sampel swab untuak urang nan disangko takanai COVID-19.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://covesia.com/news/baca/93152/laboratorium-universitas-andalas-dapat-izin-kemenkes-uji-sampel-pasien-suspect-covid-19-di-sumbar|title=Laboratorium Universitas Andalas Dapat Izin Kemenkes Uji Sampel Pasien Suspect Covid-19 di Sumbar|website=covesia.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-12|archive-date=2020-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412150950/https://covesia.com/news/baca/93152/laboratorium-universitas-andalas-dapat-izin-kemenkes-uji-sampel-pasien-suspect-covid-19-di-sumbar|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sabalumnyo pangujian sampel swab hanyo tapusat di [[Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan|Litbangkes Kemenkes RI]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.harianhaluan.com/news/detail/90733/update-bertambah-sudah-7-orang-dipastikan-terinfeksi-corona-di-sumbar|title=UPDATE: Bertambah, Sudah 7 Orang Dipastikan Terinfeksi Corona di Sumbar|website=www.harianhaluan.com|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> Untuak mambantu pamaresoan sampel swab di laboratorium, Andani maminta karajo samo jo mahasiswa sarato dosen kedokteran Unand sampai takumpua 40 atau 50 urang nan barasa dari bidang nan babeda-beda, yaitu biologi, kimia, pertanian. <ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/4269567/mengintip-kesibukan-tenaga-medis-di-lab-unand-periksa-ribuan-spesimen-covid-19-tiap-hari|title=Mengintip Kesibukan Tenaga Medis di Lab Unand Periksa Ribuan Spesimen Covid-19 Tiap Hari|last=Liputan6.com|date=2020-06-04|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2020-06-08}}</ref> Di laboratorium FK Unand, ratusan sampel dipareso satiok harinyo.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://langgam.id/kepala-labor-unand-sebut-sumbar-berhasil-putus-penularan-corona/|title=Kepala Labor Unand Sebut Sumbar Berhasil Putus Penularan Corona|date=2020-06-05|website=Langgam.id|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-06-07}}</ref> Awalnyo, laboratorium mambuek target pamaresian 200 sampel tiok hari, tapi palaksanaannyo labiah dari target yaitu sampai 320 sampel.<ref name=":1" /> Sampai tanggal 18 - 30 Mai 2020, alah sampai 9.631 sampel nan alah dipareso. Jadi rato-rato sampel nan dipareso satiok hari 803 sampel. Untuak rato-rato tu, fakultas FK Unand marupoan laboratorium tatatinggi nan mamareso di Indonesia.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unand.ac.id/id/berita-peristiwa/berita/item/3586-fk-unand-laboratorium.html|title=Universitas Andalas - Lab FK Unand Terbanyak Periksa Sampel Corona di Indonesia|website=www.unand.ac.id|language=id-id|access-date=2020-06-08|archive-date=2020-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608141353/https://www.unand.ac.id/id/berita-peristiwa/berita/item/3586-fk-unand-laboratorium.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pancapaian tu mandapek apresisasi dek Kapalo BNPB, [[Doni Monardo]]. BNPB dalam rilis pers nyo manyabuikan nan dikarajoan dek Andani jo tim adolah kaba elok katiko bangsa ko sadang rusuah dek pandemi. Namo Andani dinilai layak dicatat sabagai ciek dari banyak pahlawan COVID-19.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://langgam.id/kinerja-terbaik-se-indonesia-gugus-tugas-nasional-apresiasi-dr-andani-dan-labor-unand/|title=Kinerja Terbaik se-Indonesia, Gugus Tugas Nasional Apresiasi Dr. Andani dan Labor Unand|date=2020-06-08|website=Langgam.id|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-06-08}}</ref> Kabanyakan urang nan kanai positif COVID-19 di Sumatra Barat adolah urang nan indak ado gajala atau disingkek OTG. Kasus iko babeda jo kasus nan di daerah lain nan banyak barasa dari pasien dalam pagawasan (PDP). Banyaknyo OTG nan disobokan nan positif koronavirus mambuek sumber panularan bisa dikatahui. Manuruik Andani, kondisi ko manunjukan upayo tracking nan dilakuan pamarintah berhasil, khususnyo dalam mamutuih mato rantai panularan.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sumbar.antaranews.com/berita/355203/peningkatan-kasus-positif-covid-19-di-sumbar-pertanda-baik-begini-penjelasan-ahli|title=Peningkatan kasus positif COVID-19 di Sumbar pertanda baik, begini penjelasan ahli|last=Agency|first=ANTARA News|website=Antara News Sumbar|access-date=2020-06-08}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://irwan-prayitno.com/2020/04/penanganan-covid-19-di-sumbar-mirip-korsel-diprediksi-berakhir-juli/|title=Penanganan Covid-19 di Sumbar Mirip Korsel, Diprediksi Berakhir Juli {{!}} Irwan Prayitno, Prof., Dr., Psi, Msc,|language=en-US|access-date=2020-06-08|archive-date=2023-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330133833/http://irwan-prayitno.com/2020/04/penanganan-covid-19-di-sumbar-mirip-korsel-diprediksi-berakhir-juli/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sumatra Barat alah mandeteksi OTG katiko daerah lain masih bakutat mamareso PDP.<ref name=":1" /> Sampai tangga 6 Juni 2020, presentase urang nan takonfimasi koronavirus di Sumatra Barat hanyo 25% dari PDP, sabalabiahnyo adolah OTG.<ref name=":3" /> Identifikasi awal untuak urang OTG dipareso malalui pamaresoan ''polymerase chain reaction'' (PCR). Saketeknyo 24.000 dari 5 juta panduduak Sumatra Barat alah malakuan tes PCR. Rasionyo 0.43%, iko barado di ateh angko nasional nan masih 0.08%. Di Indonesia, Sumatra Barat mancatat angko paliang tinggi untuak rasio tes PCR jo jumlah panduduak.<ref name=":1" /> Urang nan positif koronavirus di Sumatra Barat ditangani sacaro sistematis sahinggo indak manumpuak di rumah sakik. Presentase urang nan positif koronavirus nan dirawat di rumah sakik hanyo 16%, samantaro nasional mancapai 66%.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":8" /> Paran Laboratorium Infeksi Biomedik FK Unand sangaik dirasoan masarakaik Sumatra Barat di tangah pandemi ko. <ref name=":3" /> Di tingkek nasional, laboratorium tu mamparoleh prestasi dalam kapasitas pamaresoan sampel untuak mandeteksi COVID-19. katiko laboratorium lain hanyo bisa manyalasaian 100 sampai 200 sampai dalam sahari, laboratorium tu bisa manyalasaian rato-rato 800 sampel sahari.<ref name=":1" /> == Rujuakan == <references /> [[Kategori:Dotor]] [[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Andalas]] [[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Gajah Mada]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Minangkabau]] {{Pandemi koronavirus di Indonesia}} qkd3c4ssnyltbsnm4ul58ek1gqwnhzd Israel 0 337182 3346036 3162757 2026-04-24T02:05:26Z Presiden revanisme 23327 3346036 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Nazi Israel.svg|225px|right|thumb|[[Bandera Israel]].]] '''Israel''' ([[bahaso Ibrani]]: מדינת ישראל; bahaso [[Bahaso Arab|Arab]]: الدولة إسرائيل, translit. al-Dawlat Isrā'īl‎) adolah sabuah nagara di Timua Tangah nan dikalilingi [[Lauik Tangah]], [[Lebanon]], [[Suriah]], [[Yordania]], [[Mesir|Masia]] dan [[gurun pasia Sinai]]. Nagara iko ado karano ''[[Balfour Declaration|deklarasi balfour]]''<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Balfour Declaration|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/2696610|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies|date=1969|oclc=2696610|first=Jeffries, J. M. N. (Joseph Mary Nagle),|last=1880-}}</ref> nan dibuek dek ''[[Arthur Balfour|Lord Arthur James Balfour]]'' sabagai menteri dalam nagari [[Inggirih]] pado taun 1917 nan mangiginkan urang [[agamo Yahudi|yahudi]] punyo nagara sandiri tapisah dangan [[urang Eropa]] dan urang Inggirih.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sindonews.com/topic/156709/perang-israel|title=Berita Perang Israel Terkini dan Terbaru Hari Ini - SINDOnews|website=SINDOnews.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-18}}</ref> Nagara iko juo tampek banso [[Sionisme|Jionih]], sabuah organisasi [[Yahudi]] nan marujuak pado parangainyo nan baparan sabagai panjajah jo pancilok sajumlah tanah [[Palestina]] tamasuak di [[Gaza]]. == Rujuakan == {{reflist}}<br/> == Pautan lua == {{commonscat|Israel}} t8afulw0o868mv36iy1nowyyo3q8f6e 3346037 3346036 2026-04-24T02:06:21Z Crushcrushcrush1 22337 Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/Presiden revanisme|Presiden revanisme]] ([[User talk:Presiden revanisme|talk]]) to last version by 108.4.142.52 3346037 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag_of_Israel.svg|225px|right|thumb|[[Bandera Israel]].]] '''Israel''' ([[bahaso Ibrani]]: מדינת ישראל; bahaso [[Bahaso Arab|Arab]]: الدولة إسرائيل, translit. al-Dawlat Isrā'īl‎) adolah sabuah nagara di Timua Tangah nan dikalilingi [[Lauik Tangah]], [[Lebanon]], [[Suriah]], [[Yordania]], [[Mesir|Masia]] dan [[gurun pasia Sinai]]. Nagara iko ado karano ''[[Balfour Declaration|deklarasi balfour]]''<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Balfour Declaration|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/2696610|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies|date=1969|oclc=2696610|first=Jeffries, J. M. N. (Joseph Mary Nagle),|last=1880-}}</ref> nan dibuek dek ''[[Arthur Balfour|Lord Arthur James Balfour]]'' sabagai menteri dalam nagari [[Inggirih]] pado taun 1917 nan mangiginkan urang [[agamo Yahudi|yahudi]] punyo nagara sandiri tapisah dangan [[urang Eropa]] dan urang Inggirih.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sindonews.com/topic/156709/perang-israel|title=Berita Perang Israel Terkini dan Terbaru Hari Ini - SINDOnews|website=SINDOnews.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-18}}</ref> Nagara iko juo tampek banso [[Sionisme|Jionih]], sabuah organisasi [[Yahudi]] nan marujuak pado parangainyo nan baparan sabagai panjajah jo pancilok sajumlah tanah [[Palestina]] tamasuak di [[Gaza]]. == Rujuakan == {{reflist}}<br/> == Pautan lua == {{commonscat|Israel}} 8n7qj7unhg43ao8ytsx1pih3sl49wvt Pangguno:Ardzun/bak kasiak/WikiSumatra1 2 337690 3346042 2056346 2026-04-24T02:15:04Z Kwamikagami 1790 3346042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2|settlement_type=Kabupaten |name = Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan |nama lain = {{btk|ᯂᯅᯮᯇᯖᯉᯩ᯲ ᯂᯔᯮᯮ᯲ᯅᯰ ᯂᯘᯉᯮᯮ᯲ᯑᯮᯖᯉ᯲}} |lambang = [[Berkas:Lambang Humbang Hasundutan.png|150px]] |peta = [[Berkas:Lokasi Sumatera Utara Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan.svg|300px]] |foto = Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, Sumatra Utara 02.jpg |caption = Kantor Bupati Humbang Hasundutan |koordinat = |motto = ''Humbahas HEBAT'' |semboyan = |provinsi = [[Sumatera Utara]] |ibukota = [[Dolok Sanggul]] |luas = 2502,71 |penduduk = 197751 |penduduktahun = [[2020]] |pendudukref =<ref name="HUMBAHAS">{{cite web|url= https://humbanghasundutankab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/8caca7a411060572c871d47b/kabupaten-humbang-hasundutan-dalam-angka-2021.html |title=Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan Dalam Angka 2021|website=www.humbanghasundutankab.bps.go.id|accessdate=16 Juni 2021|format=pdf|pages=8, 59}}</ref> |kepadatan = 79,00 |suku bangsa = [[Batak Toba]] |bahasa = [[Bahaso Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Bahaso Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] (bahaso sahari-hari masyarakaik) |agama = [[Kristen]] 96,88%<br>- [[Protestan]] 84,00%<br>- [[Katolik]] 12,88%<br> [[Islam]] 3,07%<br> [[Parmalim]] 0,04%<br> [[Agamo Buddha|Buddha]] 0,01%<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependuduakan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2020|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=16 Juni 2021|format=visual}}</ref><ref name="AGAMA">{{cite web|url= https://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?search-tabel=Penduduk+Menurut+Wilayah+dan+Agama+yang+Dianut&tid=321&search-wilayah=Kabupaten+Humbang+Hasundutan&wid=1215000000&lang=id |last=|first=|title=Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan|website=www.sp2810.bps.do.id|accessdate=20 Mei 2020}}</ref> |kecamatan = 10 [[kecamatan]] |kelurahan = 1 [[kelurahan]] |desa = 153 [[desa]] |dasar hukum = UU No. 9 Tahun 2003 |tanggal = [[28 Juli]] [[2003]] |hari jadi = |kepala daerah = [[Bupati]] |nama kepala daerah = [[Dosmar Banjarnahor]] |wakil kepala daerah = [[Wakil Bupati]] |nama wakil kepala daerah = [[Oloan Paniaran Nababan]] |sekretaris daerah = Drs. Tonny Sihombing |ketua DPRD = Ramses Lumban Gaol |ketua pengadilan negeri = |kepala kejaksaan negeri = |dandim = |kapolres = |kodearea = 0633 |kodepos = |apbd = |pad = |dau =Rp 543.828.964.000,- ([[2020]]) |dauref =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2.-DAU.pdf |title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2020|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2020)|accessdate=16 Juni 2021}}</ref> |IPM ={{increase}} 68,87 ([[2020]])<br>{{fontcolor|Orange|Sedang}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/413/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia.html|title=Metode Baru Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2019-2020|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=16 Juni 2021}}</ref> |flora = |fauna = |zona waktu = [[Wakatu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] (UTC +7) |bandar udara = |web = {{URL|http://www.humbanghasundutankab.go.id/}} |pertumbuhan penduduk (%)= }} '''Humbang Hasundutan''', acok disingkek '''Humbahas''', ('''[[Aksara Batak|Aksara Batak Toba]]:''' {{btk|ᯂᯅᯮᯇᯗᯩᯉ᯲ ᯂᯮᯔ᯲ᯅᯰ ᯂᯘᯮᯉ᯲ᯑᯮᯗᯉ᯲}}) adalah sebuah [[kabupaten]] di [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]].<ref name="Permendagri-137-2017">{{cite web|url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date= 3 Oktober 2019 |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017/mode/2up |archive-date= 29 Desember 2018}}</ref><ref name="Permendagri-72-2019">{{cite web|url= http://jdih.setjen.kemendagri.go.id/pm/Permendagri%20No%2072%20Th%202019+lampiran.pdf |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Permendagri nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 |archive-date= 25 Oktober 2019 |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date= 15 Januari 2020}}</ref> Dibantuak pado [[28 Juli]] [[2003]], kabupaten iko mampunyoi laweh wilayah sagadang 2.335,33&nbsp;km² dan baribu kotakan [[Dolok Sanggul]]. Kondisi fisik kabupaten iko talatak pado katinggian 330-2.075 meter dpl. Manuruik data taun Sensus Penduduk 2010 panduduaknyo bajumlah 171.650 jiwa, dan diakhia taun [[2020]], panduduaknyo bajumlah 197.751 jiwa.<ref name="HUMBAHAS"/> Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan kini dipimpin dek Bupati [[Dosmar Banjarnahor]] jo [[Oloan Paniaran Nababan]] sabagai wakil bupati. == Kapandudukan jo Ekonomi == === Panduduak === Mayoritas panduduak Humbang Hasundutan karajo di parak. Hasia parak paliang gadang adolah kopi nan dapek mamanen inggo 9.246 Ha sarato produksi 6.461 ton. Parak kopi tadiri ateh 48,45% laweh lahan tani jo parak. Salain kopi, kabupaten iko tanamo juo jo kumayannyo. Laweh panenannyo mancapai 5.235 Ha nan mahasiakan 1.278 ton. Laweh lahan kumayan mancapai 23,16%. Hasia tani panduduak lainnyo adolah lado nan laweh panennyo mancapai 612 Ha sarato mahasiakan 3.086 ton. Tanaman lado mancapai 39,97% lahan tani. Hasia parak tani lainnyo ado gatah, kulik manih, kemikir, coklat, sawit, anau, karambia, tabu, sipadeh, cangkeh, andaliman, lobak, tomaik, kantang, sawi, wortel, jo bawah merah. === Kautanan === Di bidang kautanan, kabupaten [[Humbang Hasundutan]] mamiliki lahan 159.392 Ha utan tadiri dari utan produksi 84.540 Ha; utan linduang 74.852 Ha. Kawasan hutan paliang laweh talatak di Kecamatan Parlilitan yakni 38,58% dari utan nan ado di kabupaten iko. === Pambangkik listrik === Potensi ekonomi lain di kabupaten iko adolah pambangkik listrik. Ado 10 lokasi sarasah nan dapek dimanfaatkan manjadi pambangkik listrik. Sarasah jo katinggian jatuahnyo paliang tinggi adolah Aek Sipang nan bakatinggian 125 meter. Barikuiknyo adolah Sipulak (75 m), Sisira (75 m), Simarhilang (50 m), dan lain-lain. Sabanyak 4 sarasah talatak di ciek desa yakni Sijarango (Janjimatogu), Kecamatan [[Pakkat]]. == Geografi == Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan marupokan salah satu kabupaten di wilayah Sumatera Utara. Kabupaten iko mampunyoi laweh wilayah sagadang 251.765,93 Ha nan tabagi ka dalam 10 kecamatan. Sacaro geografis, kabupaten iko talatak antaro 2°13'–2°28' Lintang Utara dan 98°10'–98°57' Bujur Timur.<ref name="Humbang">{{cite web | url = http://sippa.ciptakarya.pu.go.id/sippa_online/ws_file/dokumen/rpi2jm/DOCRPIJM_1504183725BAB_4_PROFIL_KAB..pdf | title = Profil Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}}</ref> === Bateh wilayah === {{batas USBT |utara = [[Kabupaten Samosir]] |selatan = [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah]] |barat = [[Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat]] |timur = [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]] }} === Topografi === Secaro topografi, wilayah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan mampunyoi sipaik muko tanah bagalombang sarato babukik jo katinggian antaro 330–2075 mdpl. Kamiriangan tanah di wilayah iko tabagi manjadi tigo, yaitu data bapersentase 11% dari laweh wilayah kasadoalahan Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, landai jo persentase 20% dari laweh wilayah kasadoalahan Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, dan miring/curam sagadang 69% dari laweh wilayah kasadoalahan Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan.<ref name="Humbang"/> === Iklim === {{Humbang Hasundutan weatherbox}} == Pamarintahan == === Daftar Bupati === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Humbang Hasundutan}} {{:Daftar Bupati Humbang Hasundutan}} === Dewan Perwakilan === {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} [[Berkas:(Peta Wilayah) Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan.svg|jmpl|300px|Pambagian Wilayah Kecamatan di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan]] === Kecamatan === {{utamo|Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} {{:Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} == Rujuakan == {{reflist}} == Pautan lua == * [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0403/10/otonomi/904787.htm ''Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan''. Harian ''KOMPAS'', 10 Maret 2004] * [http://www.harian-global.com/news.php?item.4477.34 ''Kabupaten Humbahas''. Harian Global, 17 September 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929163324/http://www.harian-global.com/news.php?item.4477.34 |date=2007-09-29 }} {{Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} {{Sumatera Utara}} {{Mayoritas Kristen Indonesia}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan| ]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Sumatera Utara|Humbang Hasundutan]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Indonesia|Humbang Hasundutan]] nsee9sy4bdxarqciopv83q95dljr1j5 3346043 3346042 2026-04-24T02:15:28Z Kwamikagami 1790 corrected template 3346043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2|settlement_type=Kabupaten |nama = Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan |nama lain = {{btk|ᯂᯅᯮᯇᯖᯉᯩ᯲ ᯂᯔᯮᯮ᯲ᯅᯰ ᯂᯘᯉᯮᯮ᯲ᯑᯮᯖᯉ᯲}} |lambang = [[Berkas:Lambang Humbang Hasundutan.png|150px]] |peta = [[Berkas:Lokasi Sumatera Utara Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan.svg|300px]] |foto = Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, Sumatra Utara 02.jpg |caption = Kantor Bupati Humbang Hasundutan |koordinat = |motto = ''Humbahas HEBAT'' |semboyan = |provinsi = [[Sumatera Utara]] |ibukota = [[Dolok Sanggul]] |luas = 2502,71 |penduduk = 197751 |penduduktahun = [[2020]] |pendudukref =<ref name="HUMBAHAS">{{cite web|url= https://humbanghasundutankab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/8caca7a411060572c871d47b/kabupaten-humbang-hasundutan-dalam-angka-2021.html |title=Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan Dalam Angka 2021|website=www.humbanghasundutankab.bps.go.id|accessdate=16 Juni 2021|format=pdf|pages=8, 59}}</ref> |kepadatan = 79,00 |suku bangsa = [[Batak Toba]] |bahasa = [[Bahaso Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Bahaso Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] (bahaso sahari-hari masyarakaik) |agama = [[Kristen]] 96,88%<br>- [[Protestan]] 84,00%<br>- [[Katolik]] 12,88%<br> [[Islam]] 3,07%<br> [[Parmalim]] 0,04%<br> [[Agamo Buddha|Buddha]] 0,01%<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependuduakan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2020|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=16 Juni 2021|format=visual}}</ref><ref name="AGAMA">{{cite web|url= https://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?search-tabel=Penduduk+Menurut+Wilayah+dan+Agama+yang+Dianut&tid=321&search-wilayah=Kabupaten+Humbang+Hasundutan&wid=1215000000&lang=id |last=|first=|title=Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan|website=www.sp2810.bps.do.id|accessdate=20 Mei 2020}}</ref> |kecamatan = 10 [[kecamatan]] |kelurahan = 1 [[kelurahan]] |desa = 153 [[desa]] |dasar hukum = UU No. 9 Tahun 2003 |tanggal = [[28 Juli]] [[2003]] |hari jadi = |kepala daerah = [[Bupati]] |nama kepala daerah = [[Dosmar Banjarnahor]] |wakil kepala daerah = [[Wakil Bupati]] |nama wakil kepala daerah = [[Oloan Paniaran Nababan]] |sekretaris daerah = Drs. Tonny Sihombing |ketua DPRD = Ramses Lumban Gaol |ketua pengadilan negeri = |kepala kejaksaan negeri = |dandim = |kapolres = |kodearea = 0633 |kodepos = |apbd = |pad = |dau =Rp 543.828.964.000,- ([[2020]]) |dauref =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2.-DAU.pdf |title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2020|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2020)|accessdate=16 Juni 2021}}</ref> |IPM ={{increase}} 68,87 ([[2020]])<br>{{fontcolor|Orange|Sedang}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/413/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia.html|title=Metode Baru Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2019-2020|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=16 Juni 2021}}</ref> |flora = |fauna = |zona waktu = [[Wakatu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] (UTC +7) |bandar udara = |web = {{URL|http://www.humbanghasundutankab.go.id/}} |pertumbuhan penduduk (%)= }} '''Humbang Hasundutan''', acok disingkek '''Humbahas''', ('''[[Aksara Batak|Aksara Batak Toba]]:''' {{btk|ᯂᯅᯮᯇᯗᯩᯉ᯲ ᯂᯮᯔ᯲ᯅᯰ ᯂᯘᯮᯉ᯲ᯑᯮᯗᯉ᯲}}) adalah sebuah [[kabupaten]] di [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]].<ref name="Permendagri-137-2017">{{cite web|url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date= 3 Oktober 2019 |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017/mode/2up |archive-date= 29 Desember 2018}}</ref><ref name="Permendagri-72-2019">{{cite web|url= http://jdih.setjen.kemendagri.go.id/pm/Permendagri%20No%2072%20Th%202019+lampiran.pdf |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Permendagri nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 |archive-date= 25 Oktober 2019 |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date= 15 Januari 2020}}</ref> Dibantuak pado [[28 Juli]] [[2003]], kabupaten iko mampunyoi laweh wilayah sagadang 2.335,33&nbsp;km² dan baribu kotakan [[Dolok Sanggul]]. Kondisi fisik kabupaten iko talatak pado katinggian 330-2.075 meter dpl. Manuruik data taun Sensus Penduduk 2010 panduduaknyo bajumlah 171.650 jiwa, dan diakhia taun [[2020]], panduduaknyo bajumlah 197.751 jiwa.<ref name="HUMBAHAS"/> Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan kini dipimpin dek Bupati [[Dosmar Banjarnahor]] jo [[Oloan Paniaran Nababan]] sabagai wakil bupati. == Kapandudukan jo Ekonomi == === Panduduak === Mayoritas panduduak Humbang Hasundutan karajo di parak. Hasia parak paliang gadang adolah kopi nan dapek mamanen inggo 9.246 Ha sarato produksi 6.461 ton. Parak kopi tadiri ateh 48,45% laweh lahan tani jo parak. Salain kopi, kabupaten iko tanamo juo jo kumayannyo. Laweh panenannyo mancapai 5.235 Ha nan mahasiakan 1.278 ton. Laweh lahan kumayan mancapai 23,16%. Hasia tani panduduak lainnyo adolah lado nan laweh panennyo mancapai 612 Ha sarato mahasiakan 3.086 ton. Tanaman lado mancapai 39,97% lahan tani. Hasia parak tani lainnyo ado gatah, kulik manih, kemikir, coklat, sawit, anau, karambia, tabu, sipadeh, cangkeh, andaliman, lobak, tomaik, kantang, sawi, wortel, jo bawah merah. === Kautanan === Di bidang kautanan, kabupaten [[Humbang Hasundutan]] mamiliki lahan 159.392 Ha utan tadiri dari utan produksi 84.540 Ha; utan linduang 74.852 Ha. Kawasan hutan paliang laweh talatak di Kecamatan Parlilitan yakni 38,58% dari utan nan ado di kabupaten iko. === Pambangkik listrik === Potensi ekonomi lain di kabupaten iko adolah pambangkik listrik. Ado 10 lokasi sarasah nan dapek dimanfaatkan manjadi pambangkik listrik. Sarasah jo katinggian jatuahnyo paliang tinggi adolah Aek Sipang nan bakatinggian 125 meter. Barikuiknyo adolah Sipulak (75 m), Sisira (75 m), Simarhilang (50 m), dan lain-lain. Sabanyak 4 sarasah talatak di ciek desa yakni Sijarango (Janjimatogu), Kecamatan [[Pakkat]]. == Geografi == Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan marupokan salah satu kabupaten di wilayah Sumatera Utara. Kabupaten iko mampunyoi laweh wilayah sagadang 251.765,93 Ha nan tabagi ka dalam 10 kecamatan. Sacaro geografis, kabupaten iko talatak antaro 2°13'–2°28' Lintang Utara dan 98°10'–98°57' Bujur Timur.<ref name="Humbang">{{cite web | url = http://sippa.ciptakarya.pu.go.id/sippa_online/ws_file/dokumen/rpi2jm/DOCRPIJM_1504183725BAB_4_PROFIL_KAB..pdf | title = Profil Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}}</ref> === Bateh wilayah === {{batas USBT |utara = [[Kabupaten Samosir]] |selatan = [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah]] |barat = [[Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat]] |timur = [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]] }} === Topografi === Secaro topografi, wilayah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan mampunyoi sipaik muko tanah bagalombang sarato babukik jo katinggian antaro 330–2075 mdpl. Kamiriangan tanah di wilayah iko tabagi manjadi tigo, yaitu data bapersentase 11% dari laweh wilayah kasadoalahan Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, landai jo persentase 20% dari laweh wilayah kasadoalahan Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, dan miring/curam sagadang 69% dari laweh wilayah kasadoalahan Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan.<ref name="Humbang"/> === Iklim === {{Humbang Hasundutan weatherbox}} == Pamarintahan == === Daftar Bupati === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Humbang Hasundutan}} {{:Daftar Bupati Humbang Hasundutan}} === Dewan Perwakilan === {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} [[Berkas:(Peta Wilayah) Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan.svg|jmpl|300px|Pambagian Wilayah Kecamatan di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan]] === Kecamatan === {{utamo|Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} {{:Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} == Rujuakan == {{reflist}} == Pautan lua == * [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0403/10/otonomi/904787.htm ''Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan''. Harian ''KOMPAS'', 10 Maret 2004] * [http://www.harian-global.com/news.php?item.4477.34 ''Kabupaten Humbahas''. Harian Global, 17 September 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929163324/http://www.harian-global.com/news.php?item.4477.34 |date=2007-09-29 }} {{Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} {{Sumatera Utara}} {{Mayoritas Kristen Indonesia}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan| ]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Sumatera Utara|Humbang Hasundutan]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Indonesia|Humbang Hasundutan]] sjd5h1j57d7kgb62uttgtt2devq37di 3346044 3346043 2026-04-24T02:16:41Z Kwamikagami 1790 3346044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2|settlement_type=Kabupaten |nama = Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan |nama lain = {{btk|ᯂᯅᯮᯇᯖᯩᯉ᯲ ᯂᯮᯔ᯲ᯅᯰᯂᯘᯮᯉ᯲ᯑᯮᯖᯉ᯲}} |lambang = [[Berkas:Lambang Humbang Hasundutan.png|150px]] |peta = [[Berkas:Lokasi Sumatera Utara Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan.svg|300px]] |foto = Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, Sumatra Utara 02.jpg |caption = Kantor Bupati Humbang Hasundutan |koordinat = |motto = ''Humbahas HEBAT'' |semboyan = |provinsi = [[Sumatera Utara]] |ibukota = [[Dolok Sanggul]] |luas = 2502,71 |penduduk = 197751 |penduduktahun = [[2020]] |pendudukref =<ref name="HUMBAHAS">{{cite web|url= https://humbanghasundutankab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/8caca7a411060572c871d47b/kabupaten-humbang-hasundutan-dalam-angka-2021.html |title=Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan Dalam Angka 2021|website=www.humbanghasundutankab.bps.go.id|accessdate=16 Juni 2021|format=pdf|pages=8, 59}}</ref> |kepadatan = 79,00 |suku bangsa = [[Batak Toba]] |bahasa = [[Bahaso Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Bahaso Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] (bahaso sahari-hari masyarakaik) |agama = [[Kristen]] 96,88%<br>- [[Protestan]] 84,00%<br>- [[Katolik]] 12,88%<br> [[Islam]] 3,07%<br> [[Parmalim]] 0,04%<br> [[Agamo Buddha|Buddha]] 0,01%<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependuduakan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2020|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=16 Juni 2021|format=visual}}</ref><ref name="AGAMA">{{cite web|url= https://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?search-tabel=Penduduk+Menurut+Wilayah+dan+Agama+yang+Dianut&tid=321&search-wilayah=Kabupaten+Humbang+Hasundutan&wid=1215000000&lang=id |last=|first=|title=Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan|website=www.sp2810.bps.do.id|accessdate=20 Mei 2020}}</ref> |kecamatan = 10 [[kecamatan]] |kelurahan = 1 [[kelurahan]] |desa = 153 [[desa]] |dasar hukum = UU No. 9 Tahun 2003 |tanggal = [[28 Juli]] [[2003]] |hari jadi = |kepala daerah = [[Bupati]] |nama kepala daerah = [[Dosmar Banjarnahor]] |wakil kepala daerah = [[Wakil Bupati]] |nama wakil kepala daerah = [[Oloan Paniaran Nababan]] |sekretaris daerah = Drs. Tonny Sihombing |ketua DPRD = Ramses Lumban Gaol |ketua pengadilan negeri = |kepala kejaksaan negeri = |dandim = |kapolres = |kodearea = 0633 |kodepos = |apbd = |pad = |dau =Rp 543.828.964.000,- ([[2020]]) |dauref =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2.-DAU.pdf |title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2020|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2020)|accessdate=16 Juni 2021}}</ref> |IPM ={{increase}} 68,87 ([[2020]])<br>{{fontcolor|Orange|Sedang}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/413/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia.html|title=Metode Baru Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2019-2020|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=16 Juni 2021}}</ref> |flora = |fauna = |zona waktu = [[Wakatu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] (UTC +7) |bandar udara = |web = {{URL|http://www.humbanghasundutankab.go.id/}} |pertumbuhan penduduk (%)= }} '''Humbang Hasundutan''', acok disingkek '''Humbahas''', ('''[[Aksara Batak|Aksara Batak Toba]]:''' {{btk|ᯂᯅᯮᯇᯗᯩᯉ᯲ ᯂᯮᯔ᯲ᯅᯰ ᯂᯘᯮᯉ᯲ᯑᯮᯗᯉ᯲}}) adalah sebuah [[kabupaten]] di [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]].<ref name="Permendagri-137-2017">{{cite web|url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date= 3 Oktober 2019 |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017/mode/2up |archive-date= 29 Desember 2018}}</ref><ref name="Permendagri-72-2019">{{cite web|url= http://jdih.setjen.kemendagri.go.id/pm/Permendagri%20No%2072%20Th%202019+lampiran.pdf |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Permendagri nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 |archive-date= 25 Oktober 2019 |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date= 15 Januari 2020}}</ref> Dibantuak pado [[28 Juli]] [[2003]], kabupaten iko mampunyoi laweh wilayah sagadang 2.335,33&nbsp;km² dan baribu kotakan [[Dolok Sanggul]]. Kondisi fisik kabupaten iko talatak pado katinggian 330-2.075 meter dpl. Manuruik data taun Sensus Penduduk 2010 panduduaknyo bajumlah 171.650 jiwa, dan diakhia taun [[2020]], panduduaknyo bajumlah 197.751 jiwa.<ref name="HUMBAHAS"/> Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan kini dipimpin dek Bupati [[Dosmar Banjarnahor]] jo [[Oloan Paniaran Nababan]] sabagai wakil bupati. == Kapandudukan jo Ekonomi == === Panduduak === Mayoritas panduduak Humbang Hasundutan karajo di parak. Hasia parak paliang gadang adolah kopi nan dapek mamanen inggo 9.246 Ha sarato produksi 6.461 ton. Parak kopi tadiri ateh 48,45% laweh lahan tani jo parak. Salain kopi, kabupaten iko tanamo juo jo kumayannyo. Laweh panenannyo mancapai 5.235 Ha nan mahasiakan 1.278 ton. Laweh lahan kumayan mancapai 23,16%. Hasia tani panduduak lainnyo adolah lado nan laweh panennyo mancapai 612 Ha sarato mahasiakan 3.086 ton. Tanaman lado mancapai 39,97% lahan tani. Hasia parak tani lainnyo ado gatah, kulik manih, kemikir, coklat, sawit, anau, karambia, tabu, sipadeh, cangkeh, andaliman, lobak, tomaik, kantang, sawi, wortel, jo bawah merah. === Kautanan === Di bidang kautanan, kabupaten [[Humbang Hasundutan]] mamiliki lahan 159.392 Ha utan tadiri dari utan produksi 84.540 Ha; utan linduang 74.852 Ha. Kawasan hutan paliang laweh talatak di Kecamatan Parlilitan yakni 38,58% dari utan nan ado di kabupaten iko. === Pambangkik listrik === Potensi ekonomi lain di kabupaten iko adolah pambangkik listrik. Ado 10 lokasi sarasah nan dapek dimanfaatkan manjadi pambangkik listrik. Sarasah jo katinggian jatuahnyo paliang tinggi adolah Aek Sipang nan bakatinggian 125 meter. Barikuiknyo adolah Sipulak (75 m), Sisira (75 m), Simarhilang (50 m), dan lain-lain. Sabanyak 4 sarasah talatak di ciek desa yakni Sijarango (Janjimatogu), Kecamatan [[Pakkat]]. == Geografi == Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan marupokan salah satu kabupaten di wilayah Sumatera Utara. Kabupaten iko mampunyoi laweh wilayah sagadang 251.765,93 Ha nan tabagi ka dalam 10 kecamatan. Sacaro geografis, kabupaten iko talatak antaro 2°13'–2°28' Lintang Utara dan 98°10'–98°57' Bujur Timur.<ref name="Humbang">{{cite web | url = http://sippa.ciptakarya.pu.go.id/sippa_online/ws_file/dokumen/rpi2jm/DOCRPIJM_1504183725BAB_4_PROFIL_KAB..pdf | title = Profil Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}}</ref> === Bateh wilayah === {{batas USBT |utara = [[Kabupaten Samosir]] |selatan = [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah]] |barat = [[Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat]] |timur = [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]] }} === Topografi === Secaro topografi, wilayah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan mampunyoi sipaik muko tanah bagalombang sarato babukik jo katinggian antaro 330–2075 mdpl. Kamiriangan tanah di wilayah iko tabagi manjadi tigo, yaitu data bapersentase 11% dari laweh wilayah kasadoalahan Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, landai jo persentase 20% dari laweh wilayah kasadoalahan Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, dan miring/curam sagadang 69% dari laweh wilayah kasadoalahan Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan.<ref name="Humbang"/> === Iklim === {{Humbang Hasundutan weatherbox}} == Pamarintahan == === Daftar Bupati === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Humbang Hasundutan}} {{:Daftar Bupati Humbang Hasundutan}} === Dewan Perwakilan === {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} [[Berkas:(Peta Wilayah) Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan.svg|jmpl|300px|Pambagian Wilayah Kecamatan di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan]] === Kecamatan === {{utamo|Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} {{:Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} == Rujuakan == {{reflist}} == Pautan lua == * [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0403/10/otonomi/904787.htm ''Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan''. Harian ''KOMPAS'', 10 Maret 2004] * [http://www.harian-global.com/news.php?item.4477.34 ''Kabupaten Humbahas''. Harian Global, 17 September 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929163324/http://www.harian-global.com/news.php?item.4477.34 |date=2007-09-29 }} {{Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} {{Sumatera Utara}} {{Mayoritas Kristen Indonesia}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan| ]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Sumatera Utara|Humbang Hasundutan]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Indonesia|Humbang Hasundutan]] qvx38y81bov5li909fv4rsfff4ide78 Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan 0 337719 3346038 3186809 2026-04-24T02:08:25Z Kwamikagami 1790 3346038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2|settlement_type=Kabupaten |nama = Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan |nama lain = {{btk|ᯂᯅᯮᯇᯖᯩᯉ᯲ ᯂᯮᯔ᯲ᯅᯰ ᯂᯘᯮᯉ᯲ᯑᯮᯖᯉ᯲}} |lambang = [[Berkas:Lambang Humbang Hasundutan.png|150px]] |peta = [[Berkas:Lokasi Sumatera Utara Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan.svg|300px]] |foto = Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, Sumatra Utara 02.jpg |caption = Kantor Bupati Humbang Hasundutan |koordinat = |motto = ''Humbahas HEBAT'' |semboyan = |provinsi = [[Sumatera Utara]] |ibukota = [[Dolok Sanggul]] |luas = 2502,71 |penduduk = 197751 |penduduktahun = [[2020]] |pendudukref =<ref name="HUMBAHAS">{{cite web|url= https://humbanghasundutankab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/8caca7a411060572c871d47b/kabupaten-humbang-hasundutan-dalam-angka-2021.html |title=Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan Dalam Angka 2021|website=www.humbanghasundutankab.bps.go.id|accessdate=16 Juni 2021|format=pdf|pages=8, 59}}</ref> |kepadatan = 79,00 |suku bangsa = [[Batak Toba]] |bahasa = [[Bahaso Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Bahaso Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] (bahaso sahari-hari masyarakaik) |agama = [[Kristen]] 96,88%<br>- [[Protestan]] 84,00%<br>- [[Katolik]] 12,88%<br> [[Islam]] 3,07%<br> [[Parmalim]] 0,04%<br> [[Agamo Buddha|Buddha]] 0,01%<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependuduakan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2020|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=16 Juni 2021|format=visual|archive-date=2021-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805043517/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="AGAMA">{{cite web|url= https://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?search-tabel=Penduduk+Menurut+Wilayah+dan+Agama+yang+Dianut&tid=321&search-wilayah=Kabupaten+Humbang+Hasundutan&wid=1215000000&lang=id |last=|first=|title=Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan|website=www.sp2810.bps.do.id|accessdate=20 Mei 2020}}</ref> |kecamatan = 10 [[kecamatan]] |kelurahan = 1 [[kelurahan]] |desa = 153 [[desa]] |dasar hukum = UU No. 9 Tahun 2003 |tanggal = [[28 Juli]] [[2003]] |hari jadi = |kepala daerah = [[Bupati]] |nama kepala daerah = [[Dosmar Banjarnahor]] |wakil kepala daerah = [[Wakil Bupati]] |nama wakil kepala daerah = [[Oloan Paniaran Nababan]] |sekretaris daerah = Drs. Tonny Sihombing |ketua DPRD = Ramses Lumban Gaol |ketua pengadilan negeri = |kepala kejaksaan negeri = |dandim = |kapolres = |kodearea = 0633 |kodepos = |apbd = |pad = |dau =Rp 543.828.964.000,- ([[2020]]) |dauref =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2.-DAU.pdf|title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2020|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2020)|accessdate=16 Juni 2021}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |IPM ={{increase}} 68,87 ([[2020]])<br>{{fontcolor|Orange|Sedang}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/413/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia.html|title=Metode Baru Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2019-2020|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=16 Juni 2021}}</ref> |flora = |fauna = |zona waktu = [[Wakatu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] (UTC +7) |bandar udara = |web = {{URL|http://www.humbanghasundutankab.go.id/}} |pertumbuhan penduduk (%)= }} '''Humbang Hasundutan''', acok disingkek '''Humbahas''', ('''[[Aksara Batak|Aksara Batak Toba]]:''' {{btk|ᯂᯅᯮᯇᯗᯩᯉ᯲ ᯂᯮᯔ᯲ᯅᯰ ᯂᯘᯮᯉ᯲ᯑᯮᯗᯉ᯲}}) adalah sebuah [[kabupaten]] di [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]].<ref name="Permendagri-137-2017">{{cite web|url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date= 3 Oktober 2019 |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017/mode/2up |archive-date= 29 Desember 2018}}</ref><ref name="Permendagri-72-2019">{{cite web|url= http://jdih.setjen.kemendagri.go.id/pm/Permendagri%20No%2072%20Th%202019+lampiran.pdf |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Permendagri nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 |archive-date= 25 Oktober 2019 |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date= 15 Januari 2020}}</ref> Dibantuak pado [[28 Juli]] [[2003]], kabupaten iko mampunyoi laweh wilayah sagadang 2.335,33&nbsp;km² dan baribu kotakan [[Dolok Sanggul, Humbang Hasundutan|Dolok Sanggul]]. Kondisi fisik kabupaten iko talatak pado katinggian 330-2.075 meter dpl. Manuruik data taun Sensus Penduduk 2010 panduduaknyo bajumlah 171.650 jiwa, dan diakhia taun [[2020]], panduduaknyo bajumlah 197.751 jiwa.<ref name="HUMBAHAS"/> Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan kini dipimpin dek Bupati [[Dosmar Banjarnahor]] jo [[Oloan Paniaran Nababan]] sabagai wakil bupati. == Sijarah == Pado taun 1915, [[Hindia-Balando|Balando]] barasia manguasoi sadoalah wilayah [[Urang Batak|Batak]] dan dimasuakan dalam [[Karesidenan Tapanuli]]. Karesiden Tapanuli tabagi manjadi ampek afdeling, yaitu:<ref name="buku">{{cite book|title=[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=TyskwvV3pUkC&pg=PA12&dq=residentie+tapanoeli&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9oLya36HXAhWCTbwKHaSgBCgQ6AEIRzAH#v=onepage&q=residentie%20tapanoeli&f=false Residentie Tapanoeli (Sumatra Westkust) in 1852]|author=P.Th Couperus|publisher=National Library of Netherlands (Asli dari perpustakaan Universitas Leiden)|year=1852}}</ref> * Afdeling Mandailing Angkola * Afdeling Sibolga en Omstreken * Afdeling Nias * Afdeling Bataklanden Satiok afdeling tabagi manjadi babarapo onderafdeling dan wilayah Humbang Hasundutan tamasuak dalam Afdeling Bataklanden jo namo Onderafdeling Hoovlakte van Toba, basamo ampek onderafdeling lainnyo. Pado taun 1947, Afdeling Bataklanden dipacah manjadi ampek kabupaten, yaitu:<ref name="buku" /> # [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]] # Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan # [[Kabupaten Toba Samosir]] # [[Kabupaten Dairi]] Kudian pado taun 1956, kaampek kabupaten tasabuik disatukan baliak manjadi Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara. Inggo taun 1964, Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara dimekarkan manjadi duo, yaitu jo muncuanyo Kabupaten Dairi. Kudian taun 1988, Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara dimekarkan baliak inggo tabantuak kabupaten baru, yaitu Kabupaten Toba Samosir. Baru pado taun 2002, usulan mambantuak Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan muncua. Pado 28 Juli 2003, Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan diresmikan dek Menteri Dalam Negeri RI.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://humbanghasundutankab.go.id/main/index.php/read/page/121|title=HumbangHasundutankab.go.id - Sejarah Daerah|last=HumbangHasundutankab.go.id|website=HumbangHasundutankab.go.id|access-date=2021-07-03|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190725/https://humbanghasundutankab.go.id/main/index.php/read/page/121|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Ekonomi == === Parak === Mayoritas panduduak Humbang Hasundutan karajo di parak. Hasia parak paliang gadang adolah [[kopi]] nan dapek mamanen inggo 12.309 Ha sarato produksi 7.546,22 ton. Salain kopi, kabupaten iko tanamo juo jo kumayannyo. Laweh panenannyo mancapai 4.837,5 Ha nan mahasiakan 1.087,56 ton. Laweh lahan [[kumayan]] mancapai 23,16%.<ref name="HUMBAHAS2" /> Hasia tani panduduak lainnyo adolah [[lado]] nan laweh panennyo mancapai 1.285 Ha sarato mahasiakan 70.285 ton pado taun 2020. Tanaman lado mancapai 39,97% lahan tani. Hasia parak tani lainnyo ado [[gatah]], [[kulik manih]], kemikir, coklat, sawit, anau, karambia, tabu, sipadeh, cangkeh, [[andaliman]], lobak, tomaik, kantang, sawi, wortel, jo bawah merah.<ref name="HUMBAHAS2" /> === Kautanan === Di bidang kautanan, Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan mamiliki lahan 159.392 Ha utan tadiri dari utan produksi 84.540 Ha; utan linduang 74.852 Ha. Kawasan hutan paliang laweh talatak di Kecamatan [[Parlilitan, Humbang Husundutan|Parlilitan]] yakni 38,58% dari utan nan ado di kabupaten iko.<ref name="Humbang" /> === Pambangkik listrik === Potensi ekonomi lain di kabupaten iko adolah pambangkik listrik. Ado 10 lokasi sarasah nan dapek dimanfaatkan manjadi pambangkik listrik. Sarasah jo katinggian jatuahnyo paliang tinggi adolah Aek Sipang nan bakatinggian 125 meter. Barikuiknyo adolah Sipulak (75 m), Sisira (75 m), Simarhilang (50 m), dan lain-lain. Sabanyak 4 sarasah talatak di ciek desa yakni Sijarango (Janjimatogu), Kecamatan [[Pakkat, Humbang Husundutan|Pakkat]].<ref name="Humbang" /> == Geografi == Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan marupokan salah satu kabupaten di wilayah [[Sumatera Utara]]. Kabupaten iko mampunyoi laweh wilayah sagadang 251.765,93 Ha nan tabagi ka dalam 10 kecamatan. Sacaro geografis, kabupaten iko talatak antaro 2°13'–2°28' Lintang Utara dan 98°10'–98°57' Bujur Timur.<ref name="Humbang">{{cite web | url = http://sippa.ciptakarya.pu.go.id/sippa_online/ws_file/dokumen/rpi2jm/DOCRPIJM_1504183725BAB_4_PROFIL_KAB..pdf | title = Profil Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan | access-date = 2021-07-03 | archive-date = 2021-05-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210517224129/https://sippa.ciptakarya.pu.go.id/sippa_online/ws_file/dokumen/rpi2jm/DOCRPIJM_1504183725BAB_4_PROFIL_KAB..pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref> === Bateh wilayah === {{batas USBT |utara = [[Kabupaten Samosir]] |selatan = [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah]] |barat = [[Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat]] |timur = [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]] }} === Topografi === Secaro topografi, wilayah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan mampunyoi sipaik muko tanah bagalombang sarato babukik jo katinggian antaro 330–2075 mdpl. Kamiriangan tanah di wilayah iko tabagi manjadi tigo, yaitu data bapersentase 11% dari laweh wilayah kasadoalahan Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, landai jo persentase 20% dari laweh wilayah kasadoalahan Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, dan miring/curam sagadang 69% dari laweh wilayah kasadoalahan Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan.<ref name="Humbang"/> === Iklim === {{Humbang Hasundutan weatherbox}} == Pamarintahan == === Daftar Bupati === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Humbang Hasundutan}} {{:Daftar Bupati Humbang Hasundutan}} === Dewan Perwakilan === {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}}[[Berkas:(Peta Wilayah) Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan.svg|jmpl|300px|Pambagian Wilayah Kecamatan di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan]] {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} === Kecamatan === {{utamo|Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} {{:Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} == Panduduak == Panduduak Humbang Hasundutan manuruik Sensus Panduduak 2020 mancapai 191.175 jiwa. DIbandiangkan jo hasia Sensus Panduduak 2010, panduduaknyo maalami patumbuahan sabanyak 1,38%. Samantaro itu, kapadatan panduduak di Humbang Hasundutan pado 2020 mancapai 79,01 jiwa/km2. Kecamatan nan paliang padek yaitu Kecamatan Baktiraja nan mancapai 339,62 jiwa/km2, sadangkan nan randah ado di Kecamatan parlilitan sabanyak 27,33 jiwa/km2.<ref name="HUMBAHAS2">{{cite web|url=https://humbanghasundutankab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/8caca7a411060572c871d47b/kabupaten-humbang-hasundutan-dalam-angka-2021.html|title=Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan Dalam Angka 2021|website=www.humbanghasundutankab.bps.go.id|pages=8, 59|format=pdf|accessdate=16 Juni 2021}}</ref> === Agamo === Agamo nan paliang banyak dianuik panduduak Humbang Hasundutan adolah agamo [[Protestanisme|Protestan]]. Manuruik catatan Dukcapil Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2021, panduduak Humbang Hasundutan nan baragamo Protestan mancapai 171.092 urang. Samantaro agamo lain nan dianuik panduduak Humbang Hasundutan adolah [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik]] sabanyak 26.297 jo [[Islam]] sabanyak 6.337 urang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=ArcGIS Web Application|website=gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|access-date=2021-08-20|archive-date=2021-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805043517/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> === Etnis === Mayoritas panduduak Humbang Hasundutan adolah urang [[Urang Batak|Batak]]. Ado duo rumpun Batak nan taseba di Humbang Hasundutan, yaitu Batak Toba jo Pakpak.<ref>Pandjaitan-Sjahrir, K., Zakaria, Y., Zuska, F., Amran, F., Belvage, Y. P. M. R. H., & dan Harahap, Y. R. (2018). [https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56456444/Laporan_Kajian_Etnografi_Tanah_Adat__di_Humbang_Hasundutan-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1629493151&Signature=NQm0gUMMRIRl9x2kqZsNlMkQkmXaavSiWhAjy5841DZw3PsRbX1Q2nKagVTHqna6UgCeEfFbJIC-Zl5mQQFjae~zlD~PKdveKFxnCkYwVltVIyALu4z0xSJ2CY3xitP5GHqrJhIejKAZEsu2lNA9uPJEFiaGaazkpcGlyevqH8Fp9yFUHxH~CLuUFKsmPxsnOZGfHVtCLob5ImWEAU12bZUdMZY3bgmyK5onKZNlbZWmVASrUMpq9DYb~C4LvHAqndhjyj7gwqvqZ311dPC21eY8LU7DeoW34YTGyF19zyWrI0fGPmtK6iFlfWLSp3NQJeFgUGXwOkyFD67XIvh9Vw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA Etnografi Tanah Adat di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, Sumatera Utara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820200236/https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56456444/Laporan_Kajian_Etnografi_Tanah_Adat__di_Humbang_Hasundutan-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1629493151&Signature=NQm0gUMMRIRl9x2kqZsNlMkQkmXaavSiWhAjy5841DZw3PsRbX1Q2nKagVTHqna6UgCeEfFbJIC-Zl5mQQFjae~zlD~PKdveKFxnCkYwVltVIyALu4z0xSJ2CY3xitP5GHqrJhIejKAZEsu2lNA9uPJEFiaGaazkpcGlyevqH8Fp9yFUHxH~CLuUFKsmPxsnOZGfHVtCLob5ImWEAU12bZUdMZY3bgmyK5onKZNlbZWmVASrUMpq9DYb~C4LvHAqndhjyj7gwqvqZ311dPC21eY8LU7DeoW34YTGyF19zyWrI0fGPmtK6iFlfWLSp3NQJeFgUGXwOkyFD67XIvh9Vw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA |date=2021-08-20 }}.</ref> Urang Batak Toba taseba di ampia sadoalah kecamatan di Humbang Hasundutan. Samantaro [[urang Pakpak]], utamonyo dari ''suak'' Kelasen, taseba di Kecamatan [[Parlilitan, Humbang Hasundutan|Parlilitan]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hasugian|first=Ophe Vintrisca|date=2020|title=Tradisi Bercerita Rakyat “Si Boru Lopian” di Desa Si Onom Hudon, Kecamatan Parlilitan, Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan|url=http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/27797|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis|url=http://digilib.unimed.ac.id/17865/|title=ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN KEMENYAN (STUDI DESKRIPTIF PADA MASYARAKAT PAKPAK KLASEN DI DESA SI ONOM HUDON SIBULBULON KECAMATAN PARLILITAN)|last=Barasa|first=Afrilawanti|date=2013-08-22|language=id|access-date=2021-08-20}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{reflist|2}} == Pautan lua == * [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0403/10/otonomi/904787.htm ''Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan''. Harian ''KOMPAS'', 10 Maret 2004] * [http://www.harian-global.com/news.php?item.4477.34 ''Kabupaten Humbahas''. Harian Global, 17 September 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929163324/http://www.harian-global.com/news.php?item.4477.34 |date=2007-09-29 }} {{Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan}} {{Sumatera Utara}} {{Mayoritas Kristen Indonesia}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan| ]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Sumatera Utara|Humbang Hasundutan]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Indonesia|Humbang Hasundutan]] [[Kategori:WikiSumatra]] jtrdlv2k1a36elvxrppasi99jh7fa6s Kabupaten Toba 0 337779 3346040 3184162 2026-04-24T02:12:01Z Kwamikagami 1790 3346040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2|settlement_type=Kabupaten | nama =Kabupaten Toba | nama lain ={{btk|ᯂᯅᯮᯇᯖᯩᯉ᯲ ᯖᯬᯅ}} | provinsi =[[Sumatera Utara]] | ibukota =[[Balige, Toba Samosir|Balige]] | foto =Dolok Tolong - Balige.jpg | caption =[[Danau Toba]] dilihat dari [[Balige, Toba Samosir|Balige]] | luas =2021,80 | penduduk =206199 | penduduktahun=[[2020]] | pendudukref =<ref name="TOBA">{{cite web|url=https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/f934c2e42633c292dd83f2a9/kabupaten-toba-dalam-angka-2021.html|last=|first=|title=Kabupaten Toba Dalam Angka 2021|website=www.tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id|accessdate=15 April 2021|format=pdf|pages=15, 85, 195|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415074300/https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/f934c2e42633c292dd83f2a9/kabupaten-toba-dalam-angka-2021.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | kepadatan =102 | agama =[[Kekristenan|Kristen]] 92,66%<br>— [[Protestan]] 85,34%<br>— [[Katolik]] 7,32%<br> [[Islam]] 5,88% <br> [[Parmalim]] 1,43%<br> [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]] 0,03%<ref name="TOBA"/> | suku bangsa = [[Batak Toba]], [[Batak Simalungun]], [[Batak Angkola]] | kecamatan =16 [[kecamatan]] | kelurahan =13 [[kelurahan]] | desa =231 [[desa]] | kodearea =0632 | motto =<br/>Tampakna do Rantosna, Rimni Tahi do Gogona {{br}} (Kebersamaan mencerminkan Kekuatan) | lambang = | peta =[[Berkas:Lokasi Sumatera Utara Kabupaten Toba Samosir.svg|300px]] | koordinat =2°03'-2°40' LU 98°56'-99°40' BT | dau = Rp 579.155.648.000,- ([[2020]]) | dauref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2.-DAU.pdf|title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2020|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2020)|accessdate=15 April 2021}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | IPM = {{increase}} 75,16 ([[2020]]) <br/> {{fontcolor|Green|Tinggi}}<ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/413/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia.html|title=Metode Baru Indeks Pembangunan 2019-2020|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=15 April 2021}}</ref> | dasar hukum =UU No.12 Tahun 1998 | tanggal =9 Maret 1999 | kepala daerah =[[Bupati]] | nama kepala daerah =[[Insinyur|Ir.]] [[Poltak Sitorus]] | wakil kepala daerah = [[Wakil Bupati]] | nama wakil kepala daerah =[[Tonny M. Simanjuntak]],SE. | sekretaris daerah =Drs. Parlindungan Simbolon | ketua DPRD =Effendi S Panangian Napitupulu | bahasa =[[Bahasa Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], [[Bahasa Indonesia]] | bandar udara =[[Bandar Udara Sibisa]] | web ={{url|http://www.tobakab.go.id/}} }} '''Kabupaten Toba''' ([[Aksara Batak|Aksara Batak Toba]]: {{btk|ᯂᯅᯮᯇᯖᯩᯉ᯲ ᯖᯬᯅ}}) adolah sabuah [[kabupaten]] di Provinsi [[Sumatra Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Ibu kotanyo adolah [[Balige, Toba Samosir|Kota Balige]]. Kabupaten Toba marupoan ciek dari tujuah kabupaten nan mangaliliangi [[Danau Toba]], yaitu danau paling laweh di [[Indonesia]]. Suku nan mandiami kabupaten iko pado umumnyo adolah suku [[Suku Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], dengan jumlah panduduak sabanyak 206.199 jiwa ([[2020]]).<ref name="TOBA"/> Kabupaten iko dibantuk bardasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1998 tantang pambentukan Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Toba Samosir jo [[Kabupaten Mandailing Natal]] di Provinsi Daerah Tingkat I [[Sumatra Utara]]. Namonyo samulo adolah Kabupaten Toba Samosir nan marupoan pamekaran dari [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]]. Pado tanggal 3 Maret 2020, Kabupaten Toba Samosir barubah namo manjadi Kabupaten Toba malalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 14 Tahun 2020 tentang perubahan namo Kabupaten Toba Samosir manjadi Kabupaten Toba di [[Sumatra Utara]]. == Geografi == Kabupaten Toba mamiliki lueh wilayah 2.021.80&nbsp;km²<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/data-wilayah|title=Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan (Permendagri No.137-2017) - Kementerian Dalam Negeri - Republik Indonesia|website=www.kemendagri.go.id|language=en|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2017-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429140519/http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/data-wilayah|dead-url=yes}}</ref> atau 3,19% dari total lueh [[Provinsi Sumatra Utara]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2017/08/11/2978b5791eb8504c5b7a4de8/kabupaten-toba-samosir-dalam-angka-2017.html |title=archive copy |access-date=2021-07-17 |archive-date=2021-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717052146/https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2017/08/11/2978b5791eb8504c5b7a4de8/kabupaten-toba-samosir-dalam-angka-2017.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Kabupaten iko barado pado 2°03' - 2°40' [[Garis Lintang|Lintang Utara]] jo 98°56′ - 99°40′ [[Garis Bujur|Bujur Timur]]. Kabupaten iko talatak pado wilayah dataran tinggi dengan katinggian antaro 900 - 2.200 meter di ateh parmukaan lauik, dengan topografi jo kontur tanah nan baraneka ragam, yaitu data, landai, miriang, jo terjal. Struktur tanahnyo labil dan talalak pado wilayah gampo tektonik jo vulkanik. === Bateh wilayah === Kabupaten Toba mamiliki bateh wilayah sabagai barikuik: {{Batas USBT | utara=[[Kabupaten Simalungun]] | selatan=[[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]] | barat=[[Kabupaten Samosir]] dan [[Danau Toba]] | timur=[[Kabupaten Asahan]] dan [[Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara]]}} == Pamarentahan == Wilayah administrasi Kabupaten Toba pado tahun [[2017]] tadiri dari 16 [[kecamatan]] dengan 244 desa/kelurahan, yaitu 231 desa jo 13 kelurahan. === Daftar kecamatan === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ![[Kecamatan]] !!Ibu kota !!Jarak ibu kota kabupaten <br/>ka ibu kota kecamatan !!Camaik !!Lueh (km²) / <br/>rasio terhadap <br/>lueh kabupaten !!Jumlah panduduak / <br/>kapadatan (2015) !![[Desa]]/[[Kelurahan]] |- | [[Ajibata, Toba Samosir|Ajibata]] || [[Pardamean Ajibata, Ajibata, Toba Samosir|Pardamean Ajibata]] || 60&nbsp;km || Tigor Sirait || 72,80&nbsp;km² <small>(3,60%)</small> || 7.505 <small>(103,09 jiwa/km²)</small> || 9 / 1 |- | [[Balige, Toba Samosir|Balige]] || [[Balige, Toba Samosir|Balige]] || 1&nbsp;km || Pantun Josua Pardede || 91.05&nbsp;km² <small>(4,50%)</small> || 38.088 <small>(418,32 jiwa/km²)</small> || 29 / 6 |- | [[Bonatua Lunasi, Toba Samosir|Bonatua Lunasi]] || [[Lumban Lobu, Bonatua Lunasi, Toba Samosir|Lumban Lobu]] || 24&nbsp;km || Hulman Sitorus || 57,74&nbsp;km² <small>(2,86%)</small> || 5.195 <small>(90,58 jiwa/km²)</small> || 12 / 0 |- | [[Borbor, Toba Samosir|Borbor]] || [[Pasar Borbor, Borbor, Toba Samosir|Borbor]] || 58&nbsp;km || Sabam Pardosi<ref name="tobasamosirkab.go.id">{{Cite web |url=http://www.tobasamosirkab.go.id/sabam-pardosi-dilantik-jadi-camat-borbor/ |title=archive copy |access-date=2021-07-17 |archive-date=2021-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313212158/http://www.tobasamosirkab.go.id/sabam-pardosi-dilantik-jadi-camat-borbor/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> || 176,65&nbsp;km² <small>(8,74%)</small> || 7.035 <small>(39,82 jiwa/km²)</small> || 15 / 0 |- | [[Habinsaran, Toba Samosir|Habinsaran]] || [[Parsoburan Tengah, Habinsaran, Toba Samosir|Parsoburan Tengah]] || 52&nbsp;km || Benny Siagian || 408,70&nbsp;km² <small>(20,21%)</small> || 16.020 <small>(645,50 jiwa/km²)</small> || 21 / 1 |- | [[Laguboti, Toba Samosir|Laguboti]] || [[Pasar Laguboti, Laguboti, Toba Samosir|Laguboti]] || 7&nbsp;km || Pintor Pangaribuan || 73,90&nbsp;km² <small>(3,66%)</small> || 19.058 <small>(257,89 jiwa/km²)</small> || 22 / 1 |- | [[Lumban Julu, Toba Samosir|Lumban Julu]] || [[Pasar Lumban Julu, Lumban Julu, Toba Samosir|Lumban Julu]] || 40&nbsp;km || Alfaret Manurung || 90,90&nbsp;km² <small>(4,60%)</small> || 8.455 <small>(93,01 jiwa/km²)</small> || 12 / 0 |- | [[Nassau, Toba Samosir|Nassau]] || [[Lumban Rau Tengah, Nassau, Toba Samosir|Lumban Rau Tengah]] || 76&nbsp;km || Timbul Sipahutar<ref name="tobasamosirkab.go.id"/> || 335,50&nbsp;km² <small>(16,59%)</small> || 7.431 <small>(427,86 jiwa/km²)</small> || 10 / 0 |- | [[Parmaksian, Toba Samosir|Parmaksian]] || [[Pangombusan, Parmaksian, Toba Samosir|Pangombusan]] || 23&nbsp;km || Paiman Butarbutar || 45,98&nbsp;km² <small>(2,27%)</small> || 10.663 <small>(231,91 jiwa/km²)</small> || 11 / 0 |- | [[Pintu Pohan Meranti, Toba Samosir|Pintu Pohan Meranti]] || [[Pintu Pohan, Pintu Pohan Meranti, Toba Samosir|Pintu Pohan]] || 39&nbsp;km || Gibson Sinaga || 277,27&nbsp;km² <small>(13,71%)</small> || 7.280 <small>(252,28 jiwa/km²)</small> || 7 / 0 |- | [[Porsea, Toba Samosir|Porsea]] || [[Porsea, Toba Samosir|Porsea]] || 19&nbsp;km || Elister Manurung || 37,88&nbsp;km² <small>(1,83%)</small> || 13.895 <small>(366,82 jiwa/km²)</small> || 14 / 3 |- | [[Siantar Narumonda, Toba Samosir|Siantar Narumonda]] || [[Narumonda I, Siantar Narumonda, Toba Samosir|Siantar Narumonda I]] || 16&nbsp;km || Lahsa J. Simanullang || 22,19&nbsp;km² <small>(1,10%)</small> || 5.928 <small>(267,15 jiwa/km²)</small> || 14 / 0 |- | [[Sigumpar, Toba Samosir|Sigumpar]] || [[Sigumpar Dangsina, Sigumpar, Toba Samosir|Sigumpar Dangsina]] || 11&nbsp;km || Jaga Situmorang || 25,20&nbsp;km² <small>(1,25%)</small> || 7.700 <small>(305,56 jiwa/km²)</small> || 9 / 1 |- | [[Silaen, Toba Samosir|Silaen]] || [[Silaen, Silaen, Toba Samosir|Silaen]] || 15&nbsp;km || Rajiun Tampubolon|| 172,58&nbsp;km² <small>(8,54%)</small> || 12.546 <small>(72,70 jiwa/km²)</small> || 23 / 0 |- | [[Tampahan, Toba Samosir|Tampahan]] || [[Gurgur Aek Raja, Tampahan, Toba Samosir|Gurgur Aek Raja]] || 10&nbsp;km || Freddy A. Panjaitan || 24,45&nbsp;km² <small>(1,21%)</small> || 4.458 <small>(182,33 jiwa/km²)</small> || 6 / 0 |- | [[Uluan, Toba Samosir|Uluan]] || [[Lumban Binanga, Uluan, Toba Samosir|Lumban Binanga]] || 24&nbsp;km || Robert Manurung || 109,00&nbsp;km² <small>(5,39%)</small> || 8.325 <small>(76,38 jiwa/km²)</small> || 17 / 0 |} == Sosial budaya == Manuruik pabandiangan [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia|Indeks Pambangunan Manusia]] (IPM) dari 33 Kabupaten/Kota di [[Sumatra Utara|Sumatera Utara]] taun [[2013]], Kabupaten Toba barado di paringkek 5 jo indeks sagadang 77,49 (level manangah ateh). === Etnis === [[Berkas:Rumah_Batak_-_panoramio.jpg|ka|jmpl|250x250px|Rumah adaik [[Suku Batak Toba|Batak Toba]]]] [[Berkas:Halak_Batak.jpg|ka|jmpl|250x250px|Baju adaik [[Suku Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], panduduak asali kabupaten Toba]] Etnis asali nan mauni Kabupaten Toba pado umumnyo adolah etnis [[Suku Batak|Batak]] dari sub-etnis [[Suku Batak Toba|Toba]]. Salain Toba, etnis Batak lain maliputi [[Suku Simalungun|Batak Simalungun]], [[Suku Pakpak|Batak Pakpak]], [[Suku Angkola|Batak Angkola]] jo [[Suku Mandailing|Batak Mandailing]]: ado juo etnis lainnyo cando [[Suku Karo|Karo]], [[Suku Nias|Nias]], [[Suku Melayu|Malayu]] dan lain sabagainyo. Ado juo etnis pandatang lua Sumatera Utara sarupo [[Suku Jawa|Jawa]], [[Urang Minangkabau|Minangkabau]], dan [[Tionghoa-Indonesia|Tionghoa]]. Marga Batak nan mauni Kabupaten Toba baragam, tapi dapek digolongkan ka dalam babarapo kalompok, yaitu: * Marga katurunan [[Borbor]] ([[Lubis]], [[Pasaribu]], [[Sipahutar]], [[Tanjung]]) mauni wilayah timur (Kecamatan Borbor, Laguboti, Habinsaran, dan Nassau) * Marga katurunan [[Nai Rasaon]] ([[Butarbutar]], [[Manurung]], [[Sirait]], dan [[Sitorus]]) mauni wilayah utara (Kecamatan Ajibata, Lumban Julu, Porsea, Parmaksian, dan Uluan) * Marga katurunan [[Sibagot Ni Pohan]] ([[Tampubolon]], [[Baringbing]], [[Silaen]], [[Siahaan]], [[Simanjuntak]], [[Hutagaol]], [[Panjaitan]], [[Siagian]], [[Pardosi]], [[Sianipar]], [[Simangunsong]], [[Marpaung]], [[Napitupulu]], dan [[Pardede]]) mauni wilayah selatan (Kecamatan Balige, Habinsaran, Siantar Narumonda, Sigumpar, Silaen, Tampahan) * Marga katurunan [[Silahi Sabungan]] ([[Silalahi]] dan [[Tambun]]/[[Tambunan]]) mauni wilayah selatan (Kecamatan Balige) * Marga katurunan [[Sipaet Tua]] ([[Aruan]], [[Hutahaean]], [[Hutajulu]], [[Hutapea]], [[Pangaribuan]], [[Sibarani]], [[Sibuea]]) mauni wilayah selatan (Kecamatan Laguboti dan Silaen) === Agam === [[Berkas:Balige_church.JPG|ka|jmpl|250x250px|Gereja [[HKBP]] [[Balige, Toba Samosir|Balige]]]] {{Pie chart|caption=Persentasi agama di Kabupaten Toba (2020)<ref name="TOBA">[http://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?tid=321&wid=1206000000&lang=id Sensus Penduduk 2010 (Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut)]</ref>|label1=[[Protestan]]|value1=85.34|color1=#B57EDC|label2=[[Katolik]]|value2=7.32|color2=cyan|label3=[[Islam]]|value3=5.88|color3=green|label4=[[Parmalim]]|value4=1.43|color4=yellow|label5=[[Agama Buddha|Buddha]]|value5=0.03|color6=black}} Mayoritas panduduak Kabupaten Toba manganuik agamo [[Kristen]] yakni 92,66% jo sabagian gadang mamaluak [[Protestanisme|Protestan]] 85,34% dan [[Katolik]] 7,32%. Pado umumnyo agamo Kristen dianuik dek urang Batak ([[Suku Batak Toba|Toba]], [[Suku Batak Simalungun|Simalungun]], dan [[Suku Batak Karo|Karo]]). Samantaro agamo [[Islam]] bajumlah 5,88% nan pado umumnyo dianuik dek urang [[Suku Jawa|Jawa]], [[Urang Minangkabau|Minangkabau]], [[Mandailing|Batak Mandailing]], [[Batak Angkola]], dan sabagian [[Batak Toba]]. Katurunan Tionghoa nan badomisili di Kabupaten Toba pado umumnyo manganuik agamo [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]] sakitar 0,03%.<ref name="TOBA1" /> Gareja [[HKBP]] jo Kabupaten Toba mamiliki hubuangan nan sangek arek dalam mangambangkan baiak HKBP maupun wilayah Toba surang. Mayoritas panduduak Kabupaten Toba nan baragamo Kristen Protestan adolah jemaat Gereja HKBP. Dalam sijarahnyo, [[Misionaris]] dan Ephorus HKBP partamo [[Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen]] panah manatap di [[Sigumpar, Toba Samosir|Sigumpar]] batahun lamonyo sambia manyebakan agamo Kristen inggo akhia hayaiknyo juo dipusarokan di Sigumpar. Misionaris Kristen juo bukan hanyo sakadar mantanamokan agamo kapado urang Toba, tapi juo kamajuan sarato kasejahteraan malalui paningkatan pandidikan jo kasihatan. Sairiang bakambang capeknyo panyebaran agamo Kristen malalui HKBP di Tanah Batak utamonyo wilayah Toba, akses pandidikan juo samakin mudah untuak digapai masyarakaik malalui pambangunan sarana pandidikan nan dibangun dek HKBP surang, dek sabab itu inggo kini masih lazim ditamui di wilayah Toba bangunan gareja badampiangan jo bangunan sikolah. Sadang dari sisi kasihatan, [[Rumah Sakik HKBP Balige]] marupokan kontribusi Gareja HKBP pado paningkatan kasihatan masyarakaik di Toba. Agamo tradisional [[Suku Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] yaitu [[Parmalim]] dianuik dek sabagian masyarakaik Batak nan bapusek di [[Pardomuan Nauli, Laguboti, Toba Samosir|Huta Tinggi]], [[Laguboti, Toba Samosir|Kecamatan Laguboti]]. Data [[Badan Pusat Statistik]] (BPS) Kabupaten Toba taun 2020 mancataik, jumlah panganuik Parmalim sabanyak 3.061 jiwa (1,43%).<ref name="TOBA" /> ==== Sarana ibadaik ==== Jumlah rumah ibadah manuruik jinih rumah ibadah pado taun [[2019]] di Kabupaten Toba sabagai barikuik:<ref name="TOBA" /> * [[Gereja|Gareja]] Protestan sabanyak 445 bangunan * [[Gereja|Gareja]] Katolik sabanyak 68 bangunan * [[Musajik]] sabanyak 44 bangunan dan 1 musholah. {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" ![[Kecamatan]] ![[Musajik]] ![[Surau]] ![[Gereja|Gereja Protestan]] ![[Gereja|Gereja Katolik]] ![[Kuil]] ![[Wihara]] |- |[[Ajibata, Toba|Ajibata]] | | |9 |7 | | |- |[[Balige, Toba|Balige]] |7 |5 |41 |3 | | |- |[[Bonatua Lunasi, Toba|Bonatua Lunasi]] |3 | |11 | | | |- |[[Borbor, Toba|Borbor]] | |1 |38 |1 | | |- |[[Habinsaran, Toba|Habinsaran]] |2 | |9 |13 | | |- |[[Laguboti, Toba|Laguboti]] |2 | |32 |3 | | |- |[[Lumban Julu, Toba|Lumban Julu]] |2 |2 |26 |4 | | |- |[[Nassau, Toba|Nassau]] |5 | |21 |12 | | |- |[[Parmaksian, Toba|Parmaksian]] |5 |1 |15 |1 | | |- |[[Pintu Pohan Meranti, Toba|Pintu Pohan Meranti]] |10 | |19 |3 | | |- |[[Porsea, Toba|Porsea]] |3 |2 |11 |2 | | |- |[[Siantar Narumonda, Toba|Siantar Narumonda]] |2 | |15 |2 | | |- |[[Sigumpar, Toba|Sigumpar]] | | |22 | | | |- |[[Silaen, Toba|Silaen]] |1 | |10 |9 | | |- |[[Tampahan, Toba|Tampahan]] | | |5 |1 | | |- |[[Uluan, Toba|Uluan]] | | |34 |6 | | |- !Jumlah !42 !11 !318 !67 ! ! |} == Tokoh == Babarapo tokoh tanamo nan barasa dari Kabupaten Toba, yaitu: * [[D.I. Pandjaitan|D.I Pandjaitan]], Pahlawan Revolusi * [[Pahala Tambunan|E.W.P Tambunan]], mantan Gubernur Sumatera Utara * [[Luhut Binsar Panjaitan]], tokoh militer, menteri * [[T.B. Silalahi]], tokoh militer, menteri * Midian Sirait, akademisi, profesor dan guru besar [[ITB]], mantan Dirjen POM * [[Hotman Paris Hutapea]], pengacara * [[Raden Pardede]], ahli ekonomi, Direktur Utama Perusahaan Pengelola Aset Negara * D.L Sitorus, pengusaha * [[Rudolf Pardede]], mantan Gubernur Sumatera Utara * [[Tumpal Dorianus Pardede]], pengusaha * [[Donny Fernando Siregar]], pemain sepak bola * [[Pande Radja Silalahi]], ahli ekonomi * [[Duma Riris Silalahi]], artis == Rujuakan == {{reflist}} == Pauatan lua == * [https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2017/08/11/2978b5791eb8504c5b7a4de8/kabupaten-toba-samosir-dalam-angka-2017.html Kabupaten Toba Samosir Dalam Angka 2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717052146/https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2017/08/11/2978b5791eb8504c5b7a4de8/kabupaten-toba-samosir-dalam-angka-2017.html |date=2021-07-17 }} * [https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2017/01/01/4fedc194129419948a8afe9a/statistik-daerah-kabupaten-toba-samosir-2017.html Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Toba Samosir 2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717052149/https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2017/01/01/4fedc194129419948a8afe9a/statistik-daerah-kabupaten-toba-samosir-2017.html |date=2021-07-17 }} {{Kabupaten Toba}}{{Sumut}} {{Mayoritas Kristen Indonesia}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Toba Samosir, Kabupaten}} [[Kategori:Kabupaten Toba| ]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Sumatra Utara]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Indonesia]] [[Kategori:WikiSumatra]] 17nwlvj0jhx8lhhjwo7fkcjb0fmx17w Surek Batak 0 338331 3346028 3180232 2026-04-24T01:15:19Z Kwamikagami 1790 3346028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writing system |name=Surek Batak{{efn|''Surek Batak'' pado satiok ragam aksara:<br>[[Urang Karo|Karo]]: {{btk|ᯘᯬᯒᯗ᯳ᯆᯗᯂ᯳}}<br>[[Urang Mandailing|Mandailing]]: {{btk|ᯚᯮᯒᯖ᯲ᯅᯖᯄ᯦᯲}}<br>[[Batak Pakpak|Pakpak]]: {{btk|ᯘᯮᯒᯗ᯲ᯅᯗᯂ᯲}}<br>[[Batak Simalungun|Simalungun]]: {{btk|ᯙᯯᯓᯖ᯳ᯅᯖᯃ᯳}}<br>[[Batak Toba|Toba]]: {{btk|ᯘᯮᯒᯖ᯲ᯅᯖᯂ᯲}}|group=catatan}} |type=[[Abugida]] |languages=[[Rumpun bahaso Batak]] |fam1={{hipotesis abjad aram-brahmi}} |fam2=[[Aksara Pallawa]] |fam3=[[Aksara Kawi]] |sisters={{keluarga kawi}} |time=abaik ka-18 inggo kini |unicode=[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1BC0.pdf U+1BC0–U+1BFF] |iso15924=Batk |sample=Batak_in_batak_script_toba_var.png |imagesize=250px |sample_desc= Ragam "Surat Batak". }} [[Berkas:Aksara batak.svg|jmpl|734x734px|Salah satu contoh dari aksara batak]] '''Surek Batak''', tanamo juo sabagai '''''Surat na Sampulu Sia''''' (kasambilan baleh huruf), '''''Si Sia-sia''''', atau '''Aksara Batak''', adolah salah satu [[aksara]] tradisional Indonesia nan bakambang di Tanah [[suku Batak|Batak]], [[Sumatera Utara]]. Surek Batak tadiri dari babarapo ragam nan digunokan untuak manulih limo [[rumpun bahaso Batak]]: [[bahaso Karo|Karo]], [[bahaso Pakpak|Pakpak]], [[bahaso Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[bahaso Simalungun|Simalungun]], jo [[bahaso Toba|Toba]].<ref name="uni"/> Aksara iko marupokan turunan dari [[aksara Brahmi]] India malalui parantaro aksara [[aksara Kawi|Kawi]]. Surek Batak aktif dipakai dek masyarakaik Batak saindaknyo sajak abaik ka-18 inggo panggunoannyo baransua-ansua mamuda pado abaik ka-20. Aksara iko masih diajakan di Sumatera Utara sabagai bagian dari muatan lokal, tapi jo pamakaian nan tabateh dalam kahidupan sahari-hari. Surek Batak adolah sistem tulisan [[abugida]] nan tadiri dari 19 aksara dasa jo tambahan babarapo aksara pado ragam tatantu. Sarupo aksara Brahmi lainnyo, satiok konsonan marepresentasikan ciek suku kato jo vokal inheren /a/ nan dapek diubah jo panambahan diakritik tatantu. Surek Batak dibaco dari kida ka suok. Sacaro tradisional, aksara iko ditulih tanpa spasi antarokato (''[[scriptio continua]]'') jo [[tando baco]] nan minimal. == Bantuak == === Aksara dasar === Aksara dasar ('''''ina ni surat''''') dalam Surek Batak marepresentasikan ciek suku kato jo vokal inheren /a/. Ado 19 aksara dasar nan dimiliki sado ragam aksara Batak, samantaro babarapo aksara dasar nan anyo digunokan pado ragam tatantu. Bantuaknyo dapek diliek bak cando iko:<ref name="uni"/> {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: center;" | ''Ina ni Surat'' |-style="text-align:center;" ! ! a ! ha ! ka ! ba ! pa ! na ! wa ! ga ! ja ! da ! ra ! ma ! ta ! sa ! ya ! nga ! la ! nya ! ca ! nda ! mba ! i ! u |- style="length:20%;" ! style="width:10%; text-align:center;" |Karo | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" | [[Berkas:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ba-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | rowspan="5" align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ja.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ja]] | rowspan="5" align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Da.svg|30px|link=|alt=Da]] | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | rowspan="5" align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Nga.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nga]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] ! | align="center"|[[Berkas:Batak Ca-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]] |[[Berkas:Batak Nda.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nda]] |[[Berkas:Batak Mba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | rowspan="5" align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak I.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] | rowspan="5" align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak U.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] |- style="length:10%;" ! style="width:10%; text-align:center;" |Mandailing | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ha-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ka-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Na-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Sa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Sa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ca-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Ca-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] ! rowspan="4" | ! rowspan="4" | |- style="length:10%;" ! style="width:10%; text-align:center;" |Pakpak | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Wa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] ! | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]] |- style="length:10%;" ! style="width:10%; text-align:center;" |Simalungun | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak A-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" | [[Berkas:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Pa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Wa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ga-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ra-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ma-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Sa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ya-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak La-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] ! rowspan="2"| |- style="length:10%;" ! style="width:10%; text-align:center;" |Toba | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" | [[Berkas:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" | [[Berkas:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Wa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Berkas:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] |} Bantuak-bantuak di ateh marupokan bantuak nan digeneralisasi, indak jarang suatu naskah manggunokan ragam bantuak aksara atau tarikan garih nan seketek babeda antaro ciek samo lainnyo tagantuang dari daerah asa jo media nan digunokan.{{sfn|Kozok|2009}} Aksara i ({{btk|ᯤ}}) dan u ({{btk|ᯥ}}) anyo digunokan untuak suku kato tabukak, misa pado kato dan <!--''paingot'' {{btk|ᯇᯤᯝᯬᯖ᯲}}--> ''ina'' {{btk|ᯤᯉ}} jo ''ulu'' {{btk|ᯥᯞᯮ}}. Untuak suku kato tatutuik nan diawali jo bunyi i atau u, digunokanlah aksara a ({{btk|ᯀ}} atau {{btk|ᯁ}}) basamo diaktirik untuak tiok-tiok vokal, misa pado kato ''indung'' {{btk|ᯀᯪᯉ᯲ᯑᯮᯰ}} dan ''umpama'' {{btk|ᯀᯮᯔ᯲ᯇᯔ}}.{{sfn|Kozok|1999|pp=109}} <!-- Dalam penulisan Karo, bunyi sengau m, n, dan ng sebelum konsonan b, c, d, g, j, k, dan p/ tidak ditulis. Karena itu, kata seperti ''panta'' hanya ditulis ''pata'' {{btk|ᯇᯗ}}. --> === Diakritik === Diakritik ('''''anak ni surat''''') adolah tando nan malakek pado aksara utamo untuak maubah vokal inheren aksara utamo nan tapauik, bantuaknyo dapek diliek bak cando iko:<ref name="uni"/> {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: center;" | ''Anak ni Surat'' |- ! style="text-align: center"| ! -i ! -u ! -é{{ref label|/e/ sebagaimana e dalam kata "enak"|1}} ! -e{{ref label|/ə/ sebagaimana e dalam kata "empat"|2}} ! -o ! -ou ! -ng ! -h ! pamati |- style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2"| Karo | [[Berkas:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak sign I-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign E-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign E-3, O-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak sign O-3.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign H.svg|40px|link=|alt=-H]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign mute-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] |- style="text-align: center" | kelawan | sikurun | ketéléngan | kebereten | ketolongen ! | kebincaren | kejeringen | penengen |- style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2"| Mandailing | [[Berkas:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak sign mute-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] |- style="text-align: center" | uluwa | boruta | talinga ! | siala ulu ! | amisara ! | pangolat |- style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2"| Pakpak | [[Berkas:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign E-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign H.svg|40px|link=|alt=-H]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign mute-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] |- style="text-align: center" | kaloan | kabereten | ketadingin | kabereten podi | sikora ! | kebincaren | sikorjan | pangolat |- style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2"| Simalungun | [[Berkas:Batak sign I-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign Ou.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ou]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign H.svg|40px|link=|alt=-H]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign mute-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] |- style="text-align: center" | haluan | haboritan | hatalingan ! | sihorlu | hatulungan | haminsaran | hajoringan | panongonan |- style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2"| Toba | [[Berkas:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Berkas:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak sign mute-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] |- style="text-align: center" | uluwa | boruta | hatadingan ! | siala ! | hamisaran ! | pangolat |- | colspan="11" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left" | '''Catatan''' <small> :{{note|/e/|1}} /e/ bak cando e dalam kato "enak" :{{note|/ə/|2}} /ə/ bak cando e dalam kato "empat" :{{note|3|3}} diakritik dapek mamiliki sajumlah ragam namo nan indak sadonyo dicantumkan dalam tabel iko </small> |} Tabel barikuik manunjuakkan caro diakritik malakek pado aksara dasar ka dalam tiok-tiok ragam aksara: {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: center;" | ''Ina ni Surat'' Ka + ''Anak ni Surat'' |- ! style="text-align: center"| ! ka ! ki ! ku{{ref label|3|3}} ! ké{{ref label|/e/ sebagaimana e dalam kata "enak"|1}} ! ke{{ref label|/ə/ sebagaimana e dalam kata "empat"|2}} ! ko ! kou ! kang ! kah ! k |- style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2"| Karo | [[Berkas:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|33px|link=|alt=Ka]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ki-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Ki-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ko-1, Ku-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ke-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ke-3.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ke-2, Ko-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak Ko-3.png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak Kang.png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] | [[Berkas:Batak Kah.png|40px|link=|alt=Kah]] | [[Berkas:Batak K-1 (Karo).svg|33px|link=|alt=K]] |- style="text-align: center" ! | kelawan | sikurun | ketéléngan | kebereten | ketolongen ! | kebincaren | kejeringen | penengen |- style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2"| Mandailing | [[Berkas:Batak Ka-3.svg|33px|link=|alt=Ka]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ki (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ku (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ke (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak Ko (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak Kang (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak K-4 (Mandailing).svg|48px|link=|alt=K]] |- style="text-align: center" ! | uluwa | boruta | talinga ! | siala ulu ! | amisara ! | pangolat |- style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2"| Pakpak | [[Berkas:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|33px|link=|alt=Ka]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ki-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ku-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ke-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ke-2, Ko-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ko-1, Ku-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak Kang.png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] | [[Berkas:Batak Kah.png|40px|link=|alt=Kah]] | [[Berkas:Batak K-3 (Toba, Pakpak).svg|36px|link=|alt=K]] |- style="text-align: center" ! | kaloan | kabereten | ketadingin | kabereten podi | sikora ! | kebincaren | sikorjan | pangolat |- style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2"| Simalungun | [[Berkas:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ki (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ku (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ke (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak Ko (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]] | [[Berkas:Batak Kou (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Kou]] | [[Berkas:Batak Kang (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] | [[Berkas:Batak Kah (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] | [[Berkas:Batak K-2 (Simalungun).svg|36px|link=|alt=K]] |- style="text-align: center" ! | haluan | haboritan | hatalingan ! | sihorlu | hatulungan | haminsaran | hajoringan | panongonan |- style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2"| Toba | [[Berkas:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|33px|link=|alt=Ka]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ki-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ku-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] | [[Berkas:Batak Ke-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak Ko-1, Ku-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak Kang.png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] ! | [[Berkas:Batak K-3 (Toba, Pakpak).svg|36px|link=|alt=K]] |- style="text-align: center" ! | uluwa | boruta | hatadingan ! | siala ! | hamisaran ! | pangolat |- | colspan="11" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left" | '''Catatan''' <small> :{{note|1|1}} /e/ bak cando e dalam kato "enak" :{{note|2|2}} /ə/ bak cando e dalam kato "empat" :{{note|3|3}} diakritik -u Mandailing, Pakpak, Simalungun, dan Toba mambantuak [[:en:orthographic ligature|ligatur]] jo aksara dasar nan tapauik :{{note|4|4}} diakritik dapek mamiliki sajumlah ragam namo nan indak sadonyo dicantumkan dalam tabel iko </small> |} === Tando baco === Teks tradisional Batak ditulih tanpa spasi antarokato (''[[scriptio continua]]'') dan normalnyo indak manggunokan tando baco. Namun baitu, tando baco banamo '''''bindu''''' kadang digunokan pado teks tatantu. Tando baco iko acok kali basipaik dekoratif dan mamiliki banyak ragam bantuak. ''Bindu godang'' umumnyo digunokan untuak manandokan mulo teks pado naskah pustaha, sadang ''bindu pinarjolma'' digunokan untuak manunjuakkan mulo teks pado naskah batuang. ''Bindu na metek'' dan ''pinarboras'' digunokan untuak mamisahkan antarobab atau bagian-bagian tatantu teks. ''Bindu judul'' kadang digunokan untuak mamisahkan antaro tajuak jo isi teks dalam ciek barih kalimaik. ''Bindu pangolat'' kadang digunokan manandokan disambiguasi pado kato atau istilah tatantu.<ref name="uni"/> {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: center;" | ''Bindu'' |- ! bindu godang ! bindu pinarjolma ! bindu na metek ! bindu pinarboras ! bindu judul ! bindu pangolat |- | [[Berkas:Batak bindu godang.svg|pus|250px|link=|alt=bindu na metek]] | [[Berkas:Batak bindu pinarjolma.svg|pus|250px|link=|alt=bindu na metek]] | [[Berkas:Batak bindu na metek-1.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu na metek]]<hr>[[Berkas:Batak bindu na metek-2.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu na metek]] | [[Berkas:Batak bindu pinarboras.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu pinarboras]] | [[Berkas:Batak bindu judul.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu judul]] | [[Berkas:Batak bindu pangolat.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu pangolat]] |- |} == Contoh teks == Barikuik adalah sabuah ratapan Batak Karo pado batuang dari koleksi Museum fur Völkerkunde Berlin no. IC 39908a. Aliah aksara jo tarjamahan disadur dari Kozok (1999):{{sfn|Kozok|1999|pp=122-124}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="text-align: center"| Aksara Batak ! style="text-align: center"| Alih aksara Latin ! style="text-align: center"| Tarjamahan |- |{{btk|ᯔᯂᯀᯪᯛᯨᯀᯒᯪᯂᯬᯗᯩᯉᯬᯆᯪᯞᯰᯆᯪᯞᯰᯂᯪᯉ᯳ᯆᯬᯞᯬᯱᯗᯎᯉ᯳ᯀᯩᯢ}} |maka io ari kuté nu bilang-bilang kin buluh tagan énda |ikolah ratok tangih di batuang nan manjadi tabuang |- |{{btk|ᯔᯉ᯳ᯀᯪᯝᯉ᯳ᯉᯬᯒᯪᯉᯬᯒᯪᯂᯧᯉ᯳ᯀᯗᯩᯔᯧᯘᯬᯋᯪᯞᯒᯧᯝᯑᯪᯝᯑᯪ}} |man ingan nuri-nuriken até mesui la erngadi-ngadi |sabagai tampek untuak bacarito sansai den nan tiado abihnyo |- |{{btk|ᯘᯪᯔᯉ᯳ᯗᯬᯒᯪᯉ᯳ᯂᯧᯉ᯳ᯔᯔᯘᯪᯂᯒᯨᯂᯒᯨᯔᯧᯒ᯳ᯎᯉᯆᯧᯒᯩᯘᯪᯆᯪᯒᯪᯰ}} |si man turinken mama si karo-karo mergana beré simbiring |tantang den nan bamarga Karo-karo, nan marga amaknyo (''beré'') Simbiring |- | {{btk|ᯘᯪᯞᯇᯘ᯳ᯔᯧᯞᯬᯔᯰ}} |si lampas melumang |nan lakeh manjadi yatim piatu |- | {{btk|ᯘᯪᯗᯧᯒ᯳ᯆᯆᯀᯗᯩᯔᯧᯘᯬᯋᯪᯞᯒᯧᯝᯑᯪᯝᯑᯪ}} |si terbaba até mesui la erngadi-ngadi |nan sansainyo tiado habih |- | {{btk|ᯇᯧᯝᯪᯢᯨᯂᯬᯞᯔᯧᯀᯬᯞᯪ}} |péngindoku la mehuli |nasik den nan malang iko |- | {{btk|ᯉᯢᯩᯆᯪᯆᯪᯂᯬᯂᯒᯪᯉᯂᯗᯂᯬ}} |nandé bibiku karina kataku |wahai nandé jo amak-amak dek sadonyo, kato den |- | {{btk|ᯀᯩᯢᯗᯬᯒᯰᯂᯬᯗᯬᯒᯪᯂᯧᯉ᯳}} |énda, turang, kuturiken |ikolah, sayang, tuturan den |} == Blok unicode == {{Main|Batak (blok Unicode)}} Aksara Batak alah ditambahkan ka dalam standar [[Unicode]] versi 6.0 sajak Oktober 2010 dalam rantang U+1BC0–U+1BFF: {{Tabel_Unicode_Batak}} <!-- === Rendering === Fon Unicode untuk Batak harus menangani beberapa persyaratan untuk membuat teks dengan benar: {| class="wikitable" summary="rendering" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Persyaratan Rendering ! scope="col" colspan="3" | Contoh |- ! scope="col" |[[Transliterasi|Trans.]] Latin ! scope="col" | Gambar ! scope="col" | Font Unicode |- | rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" | Penempatan diakritik yang benar | style="text-align:center;" | ke | style="text-align:center;" | [[Berkas:Batak Ke-1.png|33px|link=|alt=Ke]] | style="font-size:x-large;text-align:center;font-family:prada,'Noto Sans Batak';" | {{btk|ᯂᯩ|size=24px}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ke (Mand.) | style="text-align:center;" | [[Berkas:Batak Ke (Mandailing).png|36px|link=|alt=Ke]] | style="font-size:x-large;text-align:center;font-family:prada,'Noto Sans Batak';" | {{btk|ᯄ᯦ᯩ|size=24px}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ping | style="text-align:center;" | [[Berkas:Batak syllable ping.svg|baseline|30px|link=|alt=Ping]] | style="font-size:x-large;text-align:center;font-family:prada,'Noto Sans Batak';" | {{btk|ᯇᯪᯰ|size=24px}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | reng | style="text-align:center;" | [[Berkas:Batak syllable reng.svg|baseline|30px|link=|alt=Ping]] | style="font-size:x-large;text-align:center;font-family:prada,'Noto Sans Batak';" | {{btk|ᯒᯩᯰ|size=24px}} |- | rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" | Ligatur dengan U | style="text-align:center;" | hu (Mand.) | style="text-align:center;" | [[Berkas:Batak Hu-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Hu]] | style="font-size:x-large;text-align:center;font-family:prada,'Noto Sans Batak';" | {{btk|ᯄᯮ|size=24px}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | hu (Sima.) | style="text-align:center;" | [[Berkas:Batak Ku (Simalungun).png|35px|link=|alt=Hu]] | style="font-size:x-large;text-align:center;font-family:prada,'Noto Sans Batak';" | {{btk|ᯃᯮ|size=24px}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | gu | style="text-align:center;" | [[Berkas:Batak Gu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Gu]] | style="font-size:x-large;text-align:center;font-family:prada,'Noto Sans Batak';" | {{btk|ᯎᯮ|size=24px}} |- | style="vertical-align:top" | Penataan ulang diakritik untuk suku kata tertutup | style="text-align:center;" | tip | style="text-align:center;" | [[Berkas:Batak syllable tip.svg|80px|link=|alt=Tip]] | style="font-size:x-large;text-align:center;font-family:prada,'Noto Sans Batak';" | {{btk|ᯖᯪᯇ᯲|size=24px}} |} --> == Galeri == {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;" align="center" colspan="2" cellpadding="3" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" |- |align=center colspan=2| <gallery mode="packed" heights="160px"> Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wichelkoker die de gunstige en ongunstige dagen berekent TMnr 2599-16a.jpg|Tabuang batuang jo teks singkek Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Twee bamboe wichelkokers TMnr 5977-47.jpg|Batuang jo kalender Batak (''porhalaan'') dan teks singkek, koleksi Tropenmuseum Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Amulet met magische lettertekens dat om de hals wordt gedragen TMnr 137-641.jpg|Jimat batuang, koleksi Tropenmuseum Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Priesterboek TMnr 5924-2.jpg|Pustaha koleksi Tropenmuseum Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Manuscript op boombast TMnr 6057-2.jpg|Pustaha tanpa sampul koleksi Tropenmuseum Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wichelboek met formules recepten en voorschriften versierd met twee boraspati TMnr 1754-1.jpg|Pustaha koleksi Tropenmuseum basampul (''lampak'') baragi [[ilik|kadal Boraspati]] Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wichelboek met onderwijzing omtrent het citroenorakel versierd met boraspati TMnr A-4173.jpg|Pustaha koleksi Tropenmuseum dengan sampul baragi cacak Boraspati Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wichelboek met formules recepten en voorschriften die worden toegepast door de priester-genezer TMnr 137-573.jpg|Pustaha koleksi Tropenmuseum basampul polos Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wichelboek TMnr A-1389.jpg|''Pustaha Agung'' koleksi Tropenmuseum, pustaha paliang gadang nan dikataui jo lembar nan panjangnyo mancapai 15 m. Berkas:Pustaha about Protection against Evil WDL2895.png|Pustaha koleksi KITLV nna mambahas tantang ilimu panulak balo Berkas:Antidote against poison, in Batak. Wellcome L0040769.jpg|Pustaha koleksi Galeri Wellcome nan mambahas tantang sitawa biso Berkas:Si_Singamangaraja_Seal.jpg|Cap [[Sisingamangaraja XII]] File:Jalan Gereja (Church St.).jpg|Panggunoan surat Batak pado papan namo jalan di [[Tuktuk Siadong, Simanindo, Samosir|Tuktuk, Samosir]] </gallery> |} <!--Berkas:Paper Museum in Atlanta 010.JPG|Buku Batak tentang seni ramalan dari [[ayam jago]] ([[Robert C. Williams Paper Museum]] di Atlanta, Georgia, AS) Berkas:Manuscript in Toba-Batak language, central Sumatra, early 1800s - Robert C. Williams Paper Museum - DSC00360.JPG|Naskah dalam bahasa Batak Toba, awal 1800-an. ([[Robert C. Williams Paper Museum]] di Atlanta, Georgia, AS)--> == Caliak pulo == * [[Rumpun bahaso Batak|Bahaso Batak]] * [[Pustaha]] * [[Aksara Nusantara]] <!--* [[Prasasti Sitopayan I]], abad ke-13 dari aksara campuran Melayu dan Batak--> == Catatan == {{notelist}} ==Rujuakan== {{Reflist}} === Daftar Pustaka === <!--* {{cite journal|url=http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3320.pdf|first=Michael|last=Everson| last2 = Kozok | first2 = Uli|title=Proposal for encoding the Batak script in the UCS|journal=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2|issue=N3320R|date=07-10-2008|publisher=Unicode}}--> *{{cite book |last=Kozok |first=Uli |chapter=Bark, Bones, and Bamboo: Batak Traditions of Sumatra |url=https://archive.org/details/illuminationswri0000kuma |title=Illuminations: The Writing Traditions of Indonesia|editor=Ann Kumar|editor2=John H. McGlynn|publisher=Lontar Foundation|year=1996|isbn=0834803496|location=Jakarta|language=EN|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Kozok |first=Uli|url=https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Warisan_leluhur.html?id=oBu6OPT5qNEC&redir_esc=y |title=Warisan Leluhur Sastra Lama dan Aksara Batak|publisher=Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia|year=1999|isbn=9799023335|location=Jakarta}} * {{cite journal|url=https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/bki/156/1/article-p33_2.pdf|title=On writing the not-to-be-read; Literature and literacy in a pre-colonial tribal society|journal=Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde|first=Uli|last=Kozok|volume=156|language=EN|issue=1|year=2000|place=Leiden|page=33-55|publisher=KITLV, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies}} * {{Cite book | last = Kozok | first = Uli | title = Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak | publisher = Gramedia | year = 2009 | location = Jakarta | isbn = 9799101530 | url=https://docplayer.info/30542413-Surat-batak-sejarah-perkembangan-tulisan-batak-berikut-pedoman-menulis-aksara-batak-dan-cap-si-singamangaraja-xii-uli-kozok.html }} * {{cite journal|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bki/149/3/article-p593_8.xml?crawler=true|first=René |last=Teygeler |title=Pustaha; A study into the production process of the Batak book|journal=Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde|vol=149|issue=3|page=593-611|date=1 Januari 1993|place=Leiden|publisher=KITLV, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies|language=EN|volume=149|issn=0006-2294}} == Pauatn lua == {{Commons category|Batak script|Aksara Batak}} === Koleksi digital === * [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Default.aspx Koleksi naskah British Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007002535/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Default.aspx |date=2021-10-07 }} *[http://webapps.lsa.umich.edu/umma/exhibits/Batak2009/catalog.html Koleksi naskah Museum Antropologi Universitas Michigan] * [http://khastara.perpusnas.go.id/ Koleksi naskah Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia] * [https://sea.lib.niu.edu/islandora/object/SEAImages%3Alontar?display=list ''Southeast Asia Digital Library'' kompilasi Northern Illinois University] ===Naskah digital=== *[http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_4726 ''Pustaha Panampuhi'', panduan meramal menggunakan air jeruk nipis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424080221/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_4726 |date=2023-04-24 }} koleksi British Library no. Add MS 4726 *[https://budaya-indonesia.org/Pustaha-Poda-ni-si-aji-mamis-ma-inon ''Pustaha Poda ni Si Aji Manis'', panduan untuk mencelakakan musuh] koleksi Übersee-Museum no. A 12332 *[http://khastara.perpusnas.go.id/web/detail/720253/laklak Pustaha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806105005/http://khastara.perpusnas.go.id/web/detail/720253/laklak |date=2020-08-06 }} koleksi Perpustakaan Nasional Indonesia no. peti 113 D4 *[https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA005798/00004/ Pustaha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024173133/https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA005798/00004/ |date=2021-10-24 }} koleksi SOAS University of London no. MS 41836 ===Lainnyo=== * [http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3320.pdf Proposal Unicode untuak Surek Batak] * [http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3489.pdf Dokumentasi Unicode tantang sistem input Batak] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915210317/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3489.pdf |date=2021-09-15 }} * [http://ulikozok.com/aksara-batak/ Situs Uli Kozok] jo rangkuman sajumlah panalitiannyo takaik Surek Batak * [https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/the-great-pustaha/AQ2ZzxcN Artikel takaik koleksi pustaha Batak Tropenmuseum] di Google Arts & Culture * [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/batak.htm Artikel Surek Batak] di situs Omniglot.com * Unduh font Surek Batak di [https://ulikozok.com/aksara-batak/batak-font/ Situs Uli Kozok], [https://aksaradinusantara.com/fonta/aksara/batak Aksara di Nusantara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228062354/https://aksaradinusantara.com/fonta/aksara/batak |date=2024-02-28 }}, atau [https://www.google.com/get/noto/ Google Noto Font] [[Kategori:Batak]] [[Kategori:Aksara di Indonesia]] dqez560joo9mq71q9dwjgktzn17vjgr Templat:Batk 10 338332 3346032 2059458 2026-04-24T01:18:44Z Kwamikagami 1790 ←Mengalihkan ke [[Templat:Btk]] 3346032 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIAH [[Templat:Btk]] c80763gnwdyfqkhtw7hed6tjuqik3lu Alam 0 387929 3346010 3170284 2026-04-23T15:43:49Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3346010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple image | direction = vertical | image1 = Hopetoun falls.jpg | width1 = 300 | caption1 = ''Air Tojun Hopetoun'', [[Australia]]. | image2 = Bachalpsee reflection.jpg | width2 = 300 | caption2 = [[Bachalpsee]] di Pagunungan [[Pagunungan Alpen|Alpen Swiss]]. | image3 = Galunggung.jpg | width3 = 300 | caption3 = [[Kilek]] nan tobik katiko tajadi latusan [[Gunung Galunggung]] pado taun 1982. | image4 = KERALA - 32.jpg | width4 = 300 | caption4 = Jalan di [[Kerala]]. }} '''Alam''' (dalam arorti lowe punyo makna nan satara jo '''dunia alam''', '''dunia fisik''', atau '''dunia materi''') mangacu kapado fenomena dunia fisiak dan jua kahidupan sacaro umum. Skala alam tabontang dari [[Partikel subatom|sub-atomik]] hinggo [[alam semesta|kosmik]]. Studi tontang alam iyolah bagian bosegh dari [[ilimu pangatahuan]]. Dek biktu manusia iyolah bagian dari alam, kagiatan manusia salalu dipahami sabagai kategori tapisah dari fenomena alam lainnyo. Kato alam marupoan tajamahan dari [[bahaso Inggirih]] "''nature''", nan baâsa dari kato Latin ''natura'', atau "kualitas esensial, disposisi bawaan", dan pado zaman dulu, sacaro harfiah barorti "kalahiran".<ref name="etymonline-nature">{{OEtymD|nature|accessdate=2006-09-23}}</ref> ''Natura'' iyolah tajamahan Latin dari kato Yunani ''physis'' (φύσις), nan awalnyo takaik jo karakteristik bawaan nan dipunyo tanaman, hewan, dan babagai fitur lain di dunia.<ref>Naddaf, Gerard ''The Greek Concept of Nature'', SUNY Press, 2006.</ref><ref>Guthrie, W.K.C. ''Presocratic Tradition from Parmenides to Democritus'' (volume 2 ''History of Greek Philosophy''), Cambridge UP, 1965.</ref> Pado babagai panggunoan kato tasabuik kini, "alam" salalu mangacu kapado [[geologi]] dan [[kahidupan liar]]. Kato alam mungkin mangacu sacaro umum ka babagai jinih tanaman hiduik dan hewan, dan dalam babarapo kasus ka proses nan bahubuangan jo bando mati – manganai kabaradoan jinih-jinih tatontu suatu bando dan bagaimano inyo baubah surang, ajak [[cuaca]] dan [[geologi]] di Bumi, dan [[materi]] sarato [[energi]] dari mano sadonyo hal-hal tasabuik tasusuan darinyo. Kato iko salalu diarortikan sabagai "lingkuangan alam" atau hewan liar, batu, hutan, pantai, dan sacaro umum hal-hal nan alun diubah sacaro substansial dek campua tangan manusia, atau nan batahan bilo ado intervensi manusia. Sabagai contoh, objek nan dibuek dan interaksi manusia umumnyo indak dianggap sabagai bagian dari alam, kacuali jiko dinilai sabagai objek tasabuik, misalnyo, "sifaik manusia" atau "saluruah alam". Konsep nan labiah tradisional dari hal-hal alami tasabuik, nan masih dapek ditamui kini, manyiratkan pambedo antaro alami dan buatan, nan dimaksud jo kato buatan dipahami sabagai hasia [[kasadaran]] atau [[pikiran]] manusia. Tagantuang pado konteks tatontu, istilah "alam" dapek juo dibedaan dari nan indak wajar, [[supernatural]], atau sintetis. ==Bumi== {{Garis waktu alam}} {{Main|Bumi}} [[Berkas:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|jmpl|Bantuak [[Bumi]] nan diabadian dek kru ''Apollo 17'' pado taun 1972.]] ===Geologi=== [[Berkas:Tectonic plate boundaries.png|jmpl|ka|300px|Tigo jinih bateh [[Tektonika lempeng|lempeng tektonik]] geologi.]] {{main|Geologi}} ==Atmosfer, iklim dan cuaco== ==Aia di Bumi == [[Berkas:44 - Iguazu - Décembre 2007.jpg|jmpl|300px|''Aia Tojun Iguazu'' di parbatasan [[Brasil]] dan [[Argentina]].]] {{main|Aia}} === Samudra === [[Berkas:Ocean from Leblon.jpg|jmpl|kiri|[[Samudra Atlantik]] dari [[Leblon]], [[Rio de Janeiro]].]] {{Lima Samudra}} {{main|Samudra}} ===Danau=== [[Berkas:Lake mapourika NZ.jpeg|jmpl|[[Danau Mapourika]], [[Selandia Baru]].]] {{main|Danau}} ====Kolam==== [[Berkas:Mill Pond Sunset.jpg|jmpl|Sebuah kolam di [[Westborough, Massachusetts]].]] {{main|Kolam}} ===Sungai=== [[Berkas:View from Cairo Tower 31march2007.jpg|jmpl|kiri|[[Sungai Nil]].]] {{main|Sungai}} ===Aliran aia=== [[Berkas:Hawaii Creek.jpg|jmpl|Aliran aia babatu di [[Hawaii]].]] {{main|Aliran aia}} ==Ekosistem== [[Berkas:View of loch lomond.JPG|jmpl|kiri|200px|[[Loch Lomond]] di Skotlandia marupoan ekosistem nan tatutuik. Komunitas ikan di danau iko indak baubah dalam wakatu nan lamo.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Adams|first=C.E.|title=The fish community of Loch Lomond, Scotland : its history and rapidly changing status|journal=Hydrobiologia|year=1994|volume=290|issue=1–3|pages=91–102|url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3302548|doi=10.1007/BF00008956|access-date=2011-12-07|archive-date=2012-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114115347/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3302548|dead-url=yes}}</ref>]] [[Berkas:Aravalli.jpg|jmpl|kiri|200px|Rontang Pagunuangan Aravalli hijau nan subur di Gurun - [[Rajasthan]], nagaro India. Sabuah kaâjaiban bagaimano tanaman hijau samacam tu dapek ado di Rajasthan nan paneh, tampek nan takana jo [[Gurun Thar]]-nyo]] [[Berkas:Chicago Downtown Aerial View.jpg|jmpl|Citra ekosistem manusia dari udaro (di dalam foto iko iyolah kota [[Chicago]]).]] {{main|Ekologi|Ekosistem}} ===Alam liar=== [[Berkas:Biogradska suma.jpg|jmpl|Hutan di Taman Nasional [[Biogradska Gora]], [[Montenegro]].]] {{main|Utan|Gunuang}} ==Kahidupan== {{main|Kahidupan}} [[Berkas:Man of the woods.JPG|jmpl|kiri|[[Karo]] di Sumatra.]] ===Evolusi=== [[Berkas:Amazon Manaus forest.jpg|jmpl|275px|[[Utan Amazon|Utan hujan Amazon]] di [[Brasil]]. [[Biodiversitas]] utan hujan di [[Amerika Salatan]] marupoan nan paliang baragam di [[Bumi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/view.php?id=28907|title=Why the Amazon Rainforest is So Rich in Species : News|publisher=Earthobservatory.nasa.gov|date=2005-12-05|accessdate=2011-05-14|archive-date=2011-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225204348/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/view.php?id=28907|dead-url=yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225204348/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/view.php?id=28907 |date=2011-02-25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/12/051205163236.htm|title=Why The Amazon Rainforest Is So Rich In Species|publisher=Sciencedaily.com|date=2005-12-05|accessdate=2011-05-14}}</ref>]] {{Main|Evolusi}} === Mikrob === [[Berkas:E coli at 10000x.jpg|jmpl|lurus|Bakteri ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' dilihat dengan perbesaran 10.000×.]] {{Main|Mikroorganisme}} ===Tumbuahan dan hewan=== {{main|Tumbuahan|Hewan}} [[Berkas:Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png|jmpl|kiri|Babagai spesies tumbuahan.]] [[Berkas:Animal diversity.png|jmpl|Ado banyak spesies hewan di planet iko.]] ==Hubuangan jo manusia== [[Berkas:Na Pali Coast - Kauai.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Dek takana jo kaindahan alamnyo, lembah tarpancil di sapanjang ''Pantai Na Pali'', [[Hawaii]] banyak dimodifikasi dengan diparkonalkan [[spesies invasif]] ajak pohon ''She-oak''.]] [[Berkas:Dodo 1.JPG|jmpl|ka|200px|[[Dodo]], spesies asli [[Mauritius]] yang punah akibat ulah manusia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.island-of-mauritius.com/dodo.htm|title=Le Dodo|accessdate=2011-11-17}}</ref>]] ==Materi jo energi== [[Berkas:HAtomOrbitals.png|jmpl|ka|200px|Atom Hidrogen.]] {{Main|Materi|Energi}} == Di lua Bumi == [[Berkas:Solar System size to scale mul.svg|jmpl|300px|kiri|[[Planet]] dan [[planet katai]] di [[Tata Surya]].]] [[Berkas:NGC 4414 (NASA-med).jpg|jmpl|[[NGC 4414]] iyolah [[Galaksi#Spiral|galaksi spiral]] di rasi [[Coma Berenices]] badiameter sakitar 56.000 [[taun cahayo]] dan bajarak sakitar 60 juta taun cahayo dari [[Bumi]].]] ==Rujuakan== {{Reflist}} ==Pautan lua== {{sisterlinks|d=Q1|mw=Alam|m=Alam |c:Special:Search/Category:Nature|species=no|n=Alam|display=Alam|wikt=alam|b=Judul:Fisika|v=Alam|voy=yes}} * {{Commons category-inline|nature|alam}} * [http://nature.org The Nature Conservancy] Organisasi yang mencurahkan pada perlindungan diversitas alam di seluruh dunia * [http://www.english-nature.org.uk English Nature] Organisasi pemerintah Inggris perlindungan diversitas alam di Inggris * [http://www.wildlife-photo.org Gambar margasatwa dan alam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809190148/http://wildlife-photo.org/ |date=2018-08-09 }} * [http://www.naturedetectives.org.uk Nature Detectives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050130005903/http://www.naturedetectives.org.uk/ |date=2005-01-30 }} Riset online dan proyek pendidikan untuk orang berumur di bawah 18 di Inggris * [http://www.macro-photo.org Fotografi alam dan margasatwa, gambar makro] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929050118/http://www.macro-photo.org/ |date=2006-09-29 }} * [http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/index.html Animal Bytes - San Diego Zoo]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Sumber yang baik untuk sejarah alam binatang * [http://www.lampeace.com/2011/05/fenomena-alam-dalam-prospek-dunia.html fenomena alam dalam prospek dunia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722181355/http://www.lampeace.com/2011/05/fenomena-alam-dalam-prospek-dunia.html |date=2020-07-22 }} * [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (iucnredlist.org)] * [http://www.wild.org/ The Wild Foundation – The heart of the global wilderness conservation movement (wild.org)]* * [http://www.fauna-flora.org/ Fauna & Flora International is taking decisive action to help save the world’s wild species and spaces (fauna-flora.org)] * [http://www.eurowildlife.org European Wildlife is a Pan-European non-profit organization dedicated to nature preservation and environmental protection (eurowildlife.org)] * [http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html Nature Journal (nature.com)] * [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ The National Geographic Society (nationalgeographic.com)] * [http://www.arkive.org Record of life on Earth (arkive.org)] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20160426231847/http://www.arkive.org/ |date=2016-04-26 }} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/ BBC – Science and Nature (bbc.co.uk)] * [https://www.pbs.org/topics/science-nature/ PBS – Science and Nature (pbs.org)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212200034/http://www.pbs.org/topics/science-nature/ |date=2015-12-12 }} * [http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/plants_animals/ Science Daily (sciencedaily.com)] * [http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/index_en.htm European Commission – Nature and Biodiversity (ec.europa.eu)] * [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/ Natural History Museum (.nhm.ac.uk)] * [http://eol.org/ Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org)]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090506215842/http://science.gov/browse/w_123.htm Science.gov – Environment & Environmental Quality]. * [https://www.check123.com/categories/nature Check123 – Nature videos (Check123.com)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606165757/https://www.check123.com/categories/nature |date=2017-06-06 }} * [http://www.naturelyrics.com/pages/articles/nature_photography/nature_in_nature_photography.html Art of the Nature Timelines on Wikipedia] {{Authority control}} {{Lingkungan-stub}} 5n0audjnhsl23gc94vbvd49p7np2dom Urang Batak Simalungun 0 388193 3346029 3153774 2026-04-24T01:15:43Z Kwamikagami 1790 3346029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ethnic group||group=Batak Simalungun <br /> {{btk|ᯃᯟᯃ᯳ᯅᯖᯃ᯳ᯙᯫᯕᯟᯮᯝᯉᯮ᯳}}|image=<table border=0 align="center" style="font-size:90%;"> <tr> <td>[[Berkas:Bungaran Saragih.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Regent of Simalungun Radjamin Purba, Almanak Pemerintah Daerah Propinsi Sumatera Utara (1969), p1046 (cropped).jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Wali Kota Pematangsiantar Djabanten Damanik.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Djaidin Purba, Kami Perkenalkan (1954), p79.jpg|60x80px]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Bungaran Saragih]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Radjamin Purba]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Djabanten Damanik]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Djaidin Purba]]</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[Berkas:Mayor of Pematangsiantar Laurimba Saragih.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Wali Kota Pematangsiantar Marim Purba.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Wagner Damanik.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:PangarapanPDU.jpg|60x80px]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Laurimba Saragih]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Marim Purba]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Maruli Wagner Damanik]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Adrian P. Damanik]]</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[Berkas:ATD (Large).jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Jopinus Ramli Saragih, Bupati Simalungun.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Anicetus Bongsu Antonius Sinaga, 2018.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Danyon 462.jpg|60x80px]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Ahmad Taufan Damanik]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Jopinus Ramli Saragih]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Anicetus Bongsu Antonius Sinaga]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Yoseph M. Purba]]</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[Berkas:Bupati Simalungun periode 2021-2024 Radiapoh Sinaga.png|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Manampin Girsang.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Uskup Cornelius Sipayung.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Jumsadi damanik pj walikota siantar.jpg|60x80px]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Radiapoh Hasiholan Sinaga]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Manampin Girsang]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Kornelius Sipayung]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Jumsadi Damanik]]</small></td> </tr> <tr> </table>|poptime='''1.6 juta jiwa (2016)'''.<ref name="JP"/>|popplace=[[Sumatra Utara]]<br> (Mayoritas di [[Kabupaten Simalungun]], dan [[Kota Pematangsiantar|Pematangsiantar]])|langs=[[Bahasa Simalungun]] (asli). [[Bahasa Indonesia]] dan [[bahasa Batak]] lain juga digunakan.|rels=[[Kristen]] 65% ([[Protestan]] dan [[Katolik]])<br> [[Islam]] 34%, Lainnya 1%<ref name="JP"/>|related=[[suku Batak Toba]], [[suku Karo]] }} '''Batak Simalungun''' ([[Surek Batak]]: {{btk|ᯃᯟᯃ᯳ᯅᯖᯃ᯳ᯙᯫᯕᯟᯮᯝᯉᯮ᯳}}) adolah salah ciek urang nan barado di provinsi Sumatra Utara, Indonesia, nan batampek di Kabupaten Simalungun dan sekitarnyo. Babarapo sumber mangatoan bahwa nenek monan urang ko datang dari daerah India Selatan tapi iko hal nan sadang didebatikan. Sado salero sejarah urang ko tabagi ka dalam babarapo kaRajoan. Marga asli panduduak Simalungun adolah Damanik, dan 3 marga pandatang yaitu, Saragih, Sinaga, dan Purba. Tibo marga (anamo kaluarga) tu manjadi 4 marga gadang di Simalungun.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Patunggung Adat Simalungun: Penyusunan dan Penyempurnaan Buku Adat Simalungun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=96wLEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA21&dq=Suku+Simalungun&hl=id|publisher=Yayasan Kita Menulis|date=2020-11-27|isbn=978-623-6761-75-5|language=id|first=Hisarma|last=Saragih|first2=Corry|last2=Corry|first3=Edy Gibson|last3=Sumbayak|first4=Janmerison|last4=Sumbayak|first5=Tuahman|last5=Saragih|first6=Jomen|last6=Purba|access-date=2023-02-24|archive-date=2023-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224093454/https://books.google.com/books?id=96wLEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA21&dq=Suku+Simalungun&hl=id|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Urang [[Urang Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] manyambat urang ko sabagai urang "Si Balungu" dari legenda hantu nan manyababkan wabah panyakik di daerah tu, sadangkan urang [[Urang Karo|Batak Karo]] manyambat Timur dek batampek di sabalah timur awak. == Kahidupan masyarakaik Simalungun == Sistem mato pancaharian urang Simalungun yaitu bakatuik tanam jo padi jo jaguang, karano padi adolah makanan pokok sahari-hari dan jaguang adolah makanan tambahan kalau hasil padi indak cukuik. Jual-beli diadoan jo barter, bahaso nan dipakai adolah bahaso dialek. "Marga" maadoan peranan penting dalam sual adaik Simalungun. Kalau dibandiangan jo kaadaan Simalungun jo urang Batak nan lainnyo alah jauah babeda.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Antropologi Budaya Pendekatan Habonaron Do Bona Sebagai Falsafah Hidup Masyarakat Simalungun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blH2DwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA13&dq=Suku+Simalungun&hl=id|publisher=Deepublish|date=2020-07-01|isbn=978-623-02-1294-9|language=id|first=Irma|last=Fatmawati|access-date=2023-02-24|archive-date=2023-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224093456/https://books.google.com/books?id=blH2DwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA13&dq=Suku+Simalungun&hl=id|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Sistem Politik == Pas sabalun Balando masuak ka Simalungun, urang ko tabagi ka dalam 7 daerah nan tadiri dari 4 KaRajoan dan 3 Partuanan. KaRajoan ko adolah:<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sistem Kepemilikan Tanah di Simalungun: Perspektif Sejarah dan Budaya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vUumEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PR7&dq=Suku+Simalungun&hl=id|publisher=Yayasan Kita Menulis|date=2023-01-09|isbn=978-623-342-687-9|language=id|first=Ulung|last=Napitu|first2=Corry|last2=Corry|first3=Mariah SM|last3=Purba|first4=Tioner|last4=Purba|first5=Hisarma|last5=Saragih|first6=Polentyno|last6=Girsang|first7=Marulam MT|last7=Simarmata|access-date=2023-02-24|archive-date=2023-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224093456/https://books.google.com/books?id=vUumEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PR7&dq=Suku+Simalungun&hl=id|dead-url=yes}}</ref> # Siantar (manandatangani surek tunduak pado belando tanggal 23 Oktober 1889, SK No.25) # Panei (Januari 1904, SK No.6) # Dolok Silou # Tanoh Djawa (8 Juni 1891, SK No.21) Sadangkan Partuanan (dipimpin oleh urang nan bergelar "tuan") tasabuik tadiri ateh: # Raya (Januari 1904, SK No.6) # Purba # Silimakuta KaRajoan-kaRajoan itu mamarintah sacaro swapaRajo. Setelah Balando tibo mako katigo Partuanan tu dijadian sabagai KaRajoan nan berdiri surang sacaro sah dan basatuan dalam Onderafdeeling Simalungun. == bahaso & Aksara == urang Simalungun manggunoan bahaso Simalungun (bahaso simalungun: hata/sahap Simalungun) sabagai bahaso Ibu. Derasnyo pangaratian dari urang-urang di sekitarnyo manyababkan babarapo bagian urang Simalungun manggunoan bahaso Melayu, Karo, Batak, dan sebagainya. Panggunoan bahaso Batak Toba sebagian gadang disababkan panggunoan bahaso ko sabagai bahaso pangantar oleh panginjil RMG nan manyebarkan agamo Kristen di urang ko. Aksara nan dipakai urang Simalungun disabuik aksara Surat Sisapuluhsiah.<ref>80 Tahun Djariaman Damanik, Gaya Media Pratama, Jakarta, 2000, hlm. 335-336.</ref><ref>J.R. Hutauruk, Kemandirian Gereja, BPK Gunung Mulia, Jakarta, 1993, hlm.164.</ref><ref>F. Marodjahan Purba, Undang-undang ni Surat Simalungun, Kalangan Sendiri, Pamatang Raya, 1974, hlm.1-58.</ref> == Kepercayaan == Jikok diselidiki labiah dalam urang Batak Simalungun punyo babagai kapicayoan nan takaitan jo pamakaian mantra-mantra dari Datu (dukun) disertai parsambangan ka roh-roh nenek monan nan salalu diadoan panggilan ka Tigo Dewa nan disabuik Naibata, yaitu Naibata di ateh (dilambang jo warna Putih), Naibata di tangah (dilambang jo warna Merah), dan Naibata di bawah (dilambang jo warna Hitam). 3 warna nan marupokan Dewa-Dewa tersebut ( Putih, Merah dan Hitam) mamadangakan babagai ornamen urang Simalungun dari baju sampai hiasan rumahnyo. Urang Simalungun picayo kalau manusia dikirim ka dunia dek naibata dan dilengkapi jo Sinumbah nan bisa juo batampuah di dalam babagai benda, macam paralatan dapur dan sebagainya, sahinggo benda-benda ko harus disambah. Urang Simalungun manyambat roh urang mati sabagai Simagot. Baik Sinumbah maupun Simagot harus diagiah korban-korban pujaan sahinggo inyo ka mandapekan babagai manfaat dari kaduo sasungguhan tu.<ref>''De Resident der Oostkust op Sumatra'', ''Nota van toelichting betreffende de Simeloengoensche landschappen Siantar, Panei, Tanah Djawa en Raja'', Medan, 13 Mei 1909, hal.3-4 dalam Apulman Saragih, Gema Sinalsal, Skripsi STT Jakarta, 1979, hlm.12.</ref> Ajaran Hindu jo Budha juo pernah mangaruhi kahidupan di Simalungun, hal ko dibuktikan jo peninggalan babagai patung dan arca nan basobok di babarapo tampek di Simalungun nan manggambaran arti Trimurti (Hindu) dan Sang Buddha nan manungguangi Gajah (Buddha). Kini ko, mayoritas urang Batak Simalungun maadoan ajaran Kristen sakitar 65% (90% Protestan, dan 10% Katolik), dan paamoeluk agamo Islam cukuik signifikan jo jumlah 34%, dan sakitar 1% masih maadoan sistem kepercayaan tradisional.<ref name="JP">{{cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/10722/ID|title=Simalungun Batak in Indonesia|website=joshuaproject.net|accessdate=17 Januari 2023}}</ref> == Marga == === Harungguan Bolon === [[Berkas:Rumah_Bolon_Pamatang_Purba_-_Rumah_Adat_Batak_Simalungun_(Batak_Simalungun_House)_(01).jpg|jmpl|Rumah Bolon Rajo Purba di [[Pematang Purba, Purba, Simalungun|Pamatang Purba]]]] Tadapek ampat marga asli urang Simalungun nan populer dengan akronim '''SISADAPUR''',<ref>The Simalungun Protestant Church in Indonesia, a brief history, Kolportase GKPS, Pematang Siantar, [[1983]], hlm. 6</ref> yaitu: * [[Sinaga|'''Si'''naga]] * [[Saragih|'''Sa'''ragih]] * [[Damanik|'''Da'''manik]] * [[Purba|'''Pur'''ba]] Kaampek marga ko marupokan hasil dari "Harungguan Bolon" (permusyawaratan gadang) antaro 4 Rajo gadang untuak ndak salain maraok dan ndak salain bamusuhan (marsiurupan bani hasunsahan na legan, rup mambimbang munssuh). Kaampek rajo tu adolah:<ref>Pdt Juandaha Raya P Dasuha, STh, SIB(Perekat Identitas Sosial Budaya Simalungun)</ref> ==== '''Rajo Nagur''' bermarga Damanik ==== '''Damanik''' bararti Simada Manik (pemilik manik), dalam bahaso Simalungun, Manik berarti ''Tonduy, Sumangat, Tunggung, Halanigan'' (bersemangat, berkharisma, agung/terhormat, paling cerdas). ==== '''Rajo Banua Sobou''' bermarga [[Saragih]] ==== '''Saragih''' dalam bahaso Simalungun berarti ''Simada Ragih'', nan mana '''''Ragih''''' berarti atur, susun, tata, sehingga ''simada ragih'' berarti Pemilik aturan atau pengatur, penyusun atau pemegang undang-undang. ==== '''Rajo Banua Purba''' bermarga Purba ==== '''Purba''' menurut bahaso barasa dari [[Bahasa Sanskerta|bahaso Sanskerta]] yaitu ''Purwa'' nan berarti timur, gelagat masa datang, pegatur, pemegang Undang-undang, tenungan pengetahuan, cendekiawan/sarjana. ==== '''Rajo Saniang Naga''' bermarga Sinaga ==== '''Sinaga''' berarti ''Simada Naga'', dimana Naga dalam mitologi dewa dikenal sebagai penyebab Gampo dan Tanah Longsor. === Marga-marga perbauran === Parbaduan urang asli Simalungun jo urang-urang di sekitarnyo di Pulau Samosir, Silalahi, Karo, dan Pakpak manyababkan marga-marga baru. Salain itu, ado juo marga-gara lain nan ndak marga asli Simalungun tapi kadang maraso dirinyo sabagai bagian dari urang Simalungun, seperti Lingga, Manurung, Butar-butar dan Sirait. == Perkerabatan Simalungun == Urang Simalungun indak terlalu patamoan soal silsilah karano panentu partuturan (perkerabatan) di Simalungun adolah hasusuran (tamo asal nenek monan) dan tibalni parhundul (kedudukan/raroan) dalam horja-horja adaik (acara-acara adaik). Hal ko bisa dicaliak katiko urang Simalungun batamu, bukan langsuang batanyo "aha marga ni ham?" (apo marga sanak) tapi "hunja do hasusuran ni ham (dari ma asal usul sanak)?" Hal ko ditaguak dek patuah Simalungun "Sin Raya, siko Purba, sin Dolog, siko Panei. Na ija pe lang nan mubah, asal ma marholong ni atei" (dari Raya, Purba, Dolog, Panei. nan manapun indak bermakna, asal panuah kasih). Sebagian sumber manulihkan bahwa hal ko disababkan dek sadolah marga Rajo-Rajo Simalungun itu diiduik dek persekutuan adaik nan erat dek karano konsep parkawinan antaro Rajo jo "puang bolon" (permaisuri) nan adalah puteri Rajo tetangganyo. Sarupo Rajo Tanoh Djawa jo puang bolon dari KeRajoan Siantar (Damanik), Rajo Siantar nan puang bolonnyo dari Partuanan Silappunan, Rajo Panei dari Putri Rajo Siantar, Rajo Silau dari Putri Rajo Raya, Rajo Purba dari Putri Rajo Siantar dan Silimakuta dari Putri Rajo Raya atau Tongging. Adapun Perkerabatan dalam masyarakaik Simalungun disabuik partuturan. Partuturan ko manutuik dakek atau jauahnyo hubungan kaluarga (pardihadihaon), dan dibagi ka babarapo kategori sabagai iko:<ref>Jaumbang Garingging, Palar Girsang, Adat Simalungun, Medan, 1975</ref> * '''Tutur Manorus / Langsung''' : Perkerabatan nan langsung terkait dengan diri sendiri * '''Tutur Holmouan / Kelompok''' : Melalui tutur Holmouan ini bisa terlihat bagaimana berjalannya adaik Simalungun * '''Tutur Natipak / Kehormatan''' : Tutur Natipak digunakan sebagai pengganti nama dari orang nan diajak berbicara sebagai tanda hormat. == Pakaian Adaik == Sama seperti urang-urang lain di sekitarnya, pakaian adaik urang Simalungun tidak terlepas dari penggunaan kain [[Ulos]] (disebut Uis di urang Karo). Kekhasan pada urang Simalungun adalah pada kain khas serupa Ulos nan disebut Hiou dengan berbagai ornamennya. Ulos pada mulanya identik dengan ajimat, dipercaya mengandung "kekuatan" nan bersifat religius magis dan dianggap keramat serta memiliki daya istimewa untuk memberikan perlindungan. Menurut beberapa penelitian penggunaan ulos oleh urang bangso Batak, memperlihatkan kemiripan dengan bangso Karen di perbatasan [[Myanmar]], Muangthai dan [[Laos]], khususnya pada ikat kepala, kain dan ulosnya.<ref>Biranul Anas / Jonny Purba, Busana Tradisional Batak, [http://www.tamanmini.com/anjungan/sumut/budaya/busana_tradisional/busana_tradisional_batak Taman Mini Indonesia Indah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612153130/http://www.tamanmini.com/anjungan/sumut/budaya/busana_tradisional/busana_tradisional_batak |date=2008-06-12 }}</ref> == Lihek pulo == * [[Kabupaten Simalungun]] * [[Saragih]] * [[Damanik]] * [[Purba]] * [[Sinaga]] == Rujuakan == {{reflist|2}} {{Suku banso di Indonesia}}. pr0px6q5z21v0ctd6tmo3si93mybckk 3346030 3346029 2026-04-24T01:16:43Z Kwamikagami 1790 3346030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ethnic group||group=Batak Simalungun <br /> {{btk|ᯃᯟᯃ᯳ᯅᯖᯃ᯳ᯙᯫᯕᯟᯮᯝᯮᯉ᯲}}|image=<table border=0 align="center" style="font-size:90%;"> <tr> <td>[[Berkas:Bungaran Saragih.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Regent of Simalungun Radjamin Purba, Almanak Pemerintah Daerah Propinsi Sumatera Utara (1969), p1046 (cropped).jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Wali Kota Pematangsiantar Djabanten Damanik.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Djaidin Purba, Kami Perkenalkan (1954), p79.jpg|60x80px]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Bungaran Saragih]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Radjamin Purba]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Djabanten Damanik]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Djaidin Purba]]</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[Berkas:Mayor of Pematangsiantar Laurimba Saragih.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Wali Kota Pematangsiantar Marim Purba.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Wagner Damanik.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:PangarapanPDU.jpg|60x80px]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Laurimba Saragih]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Marim Purba]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Maruli Wagner Damanik]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Adrian P. Damanik]]</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[Berkas:ATD (Large).jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Jopinus Ramli Saragih, Bupati Simalungun.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Anicetus Bongsu Antonius Sinaga, 2018.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Danyon 462.jpg|60x80px]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Ahmad Taufan Damanik]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Jopinus Ramli Saragih]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Anicetus Bongsu Antonius Sinaga]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Yoseph M. Purba]]</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[Berkas:Bupati Simalungun periode 2021-2024 Radiapoh Sinaga.png|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Manampin Girsang.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Uskup Cornelius Sipayung.jpg|60x80px]]</td> <td>[[Berkas:Jumsadi damanik pj walikota siantar.jpg|60x80px]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Radiapoh Hasiholan Sinaga]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Manampin Girsang]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Kornelius Sipayung]]</small></td> <td><small><div style="line-height:1em">[[Jumsadi Damanik]]</small></td> </tr> <tr> </table>|poptime='''1.6 juta jiwa (2016)'''.<ref name="JP"/>|popplace=[[Sumatra Utara]]<br> (Mayoritas di [[Kabupaten Simalungun]], dan [[Kota Pematangsiantar|Pematangsiantar]])|langs=[[Bahasa Simalungun]] (asli). [[Bahasa Indonesia]] dan [[bahasa Batak]] lain juga digunakan.|rels=[[Kristen]] 65% ([[Protestan]] dan [[Katolik]])<br> [[Islam]] 34%, Lainnya 1%<ref name="JP"/>|related=[[suku Batak Toba]], [[suku Karo]] }} '''Batak Simalungun''' ([[Surek Batak]]: {{btk|ᯃᯟᯃ᯳ᯅᯖᯃ᯳ᯙᯫᯕᯟᯮᯝᯮᯉ᯲}}) adolah salah ciek urang nan barado di provinsi Sumatra Utara, Indonesia, nan batampek di Kabupaten Simalungun dan sekitarnyo. Babarapo sumber mangatoan bahwa nenek monan urang ko datang dari daerah India Selatan tapi iko hal nan sadang didebatikan. Sado salero sejarah urang ko tabagi ka dalam babarapo kaRajoan. Marga asli panduduak Simalungun adolah Damanik, dan 3 marga pandatang yaitu, Saragih, Sinaga, dan Purba. Tibo marga (anamo kaluarga) tu manjadi 4 marga gadang di Simalungun.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Patunggung Adat Simalungun: Penyusunan dan Penyempurnaan Buku Adat Simalungun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=96wLEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA21&dq=Suku+Simalungun&hl=id|publisher=Yayasan Kita Menulis|date=2020-11-27|isbn=978-623-6761-75-5|language=id|first=Hisarma|last=Saragih|first2=Corry|last2=Corry|first3=Edy Gibson|last3=Sumbayak|first4=Janmerison|last4=Sumbayak|first5=Tuahman|last5=Saragih|first6=Jomen|last6=Purba|access-date=2023-02-24|archive-date=2023-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224093454/https://books.google.com/books?id=96wLEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA21&dq=Suku+Simalungun&hl=id|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Urang [[Urang Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] manyambat urang ko sabagai urang "Si Balungu" dari legenda hantu nan manyababkan wabah panyakik di daerah tu, sadangkan urang [[Urang Karo|Batak Karo]] manyambat Timur dek batampek di sabalah timur awak. == Kahidupan masyarakaik Simalungun == Sistem mato pancaharian urang Simalungun yaitu bakatuik tanam jo padi jo jaguang, karano padi adolah makanan pokok sahari-hari dan jaguang adolah makanan tambahan kalau hasil padi indak cukuik. Jual-beli diadoan jo barter, bahaso nan dipakai adolah bahaso dialek. "Marga" maadoan peranan penting dalam sual adaik Simalungun. Kalau dibandiangan jo kaadaan Simalungun jo urang Batak nan lainnyo alah jauah babeda.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Antropologi Budaya Pendekatan Habonaron Do Bona Sebagai Falsafah Hidup Masyarakat Simalungun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blH2DwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA13&dq=Suku+Simalungun&hl=id|publisher=Deepublish|date=2020-07-01|isbn=978-623-02-1294-9|language=id|first=Irma|last=Fatmawati|access-date=2023-02-24|archive-date=2023-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224093456/https://books.google.com/books?id=blH2DwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA13&dq=Suku+Simalungun&hl=id|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Sistem Politik == Pas sabalun Balando masuak ka Simalungun, urang ko tabagi ka dalam 7 daerah nan tadiri dari 4 KaRajoan dan 3 Partuanan. KaRajoan ko adolah:<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sistem Kepemilikan Tanah di Simalungun: Perspektif Sejarah dan Budaya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vUumEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PR7&dq=Suku+Simalungun&hl=id|publisher=Yayasan Kita Menulis|date=2023-01-09|isbn=978-623-342-687-9|language=id|first=Ulung|last=Napitu|first2=Corry|last2=Corry|first3=Mariah SM|last3=Purba|first4=Tioner|last4=Purba|first5=Hisarma|last5=Saragih|first6=Polentyno|last6=Girsang|first7=Marulam MT|last7=Simarmata|access-date=2023-02-24|archive-date=2023-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224093456/https://books.google.com/books?id=vUumEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PR7&dq=Suku+Simalungun&hl=id|dead-url=yes}}</ref> # Siantar (manandatangani surek tunduak pado belando tanggal 23 Oktober 1889, SK No.25) # Panei (Januari 1904, SK No.6) # Dolok Silou # Tanoh Djawa (8 Juni 1891, SK No.21) Sadangkan Partuanan (dipimpin oleh urang nan bergelar "tuan") tasabuik tadiri ateh: # Raya (Januari 1904, SK No.6) # Purba # Silimakuta KaRajoan-kaRajoan itu mamarintah sacaro swapaRajo. Setelah Balando tibo mako katigo Partuanan tu dijadian sabagai KaRajoan nan berdiri surang sacaro sah dan basatuan dalam Onderafdeeling Simalungun. == bahaso & Aksara == urang Simalungun manggunoan bahaso Simalungun (bahaso simalungun: hata/sahap Simalungun) sabagai bahaso Ibu. Derasnyo pangaratian dari urang-urang di sekitarnyo manyababkan babarapo bagian urang Simalungun manggunoan bahaso Melayu, Karo, Batak, dan sebagainya. Panggunoan bahaso Batak Toba sebagian gadang disababkan panggunoan bahaso ko sabagai bahaso pangantar oleh panginjil RMG nan manyebarkan agamo Kristen di urang ko. Aksara nan dipakai urang Simalungun disabuik aksara Surat Sisapuluhsiah.<ref>80 Tahun Djariaman Damanik, Gaya Media Pratama, Jakarta, 2000, hlm. 335-336.</ref><ref>J.R. Hutauruk, Kemandirian Gereja, BPK Gunung Mulia, Jakarta, 1993, hlm.164.</ref><ref>F. Marodjahan Purba, Undang-undang ni Surat Simalungun, Kalangan Sendiri, Pamatang Raya, 1974, hlm.1-58.</ref> == Kepercayaan == Jikok diselidiki labiah dalam urang Batak Simalungun punyo babagai kapicayoan nan takaitan jo pamakaian mantra-mantra dari Datu (dukun) disertai parsambangan ka roh-roh nenek monan nan salalu diadoan panggilan ka Tigo Dewa nan disabuik Naibata, yaitu Naibata di ateh (dilambang jo warna Putih), Naibata di tangah (dilambang jo warna Merah), dan Naibata di bawah (dilambang jo warna Hitam). 3 warna nan marupokan Dewa-Dewa tersebut ( Putih, Merah dan Hitam) mamadangakan babagai ornamen urang Simalungun dari baju sampai hiasan rumahnyo. Urang Simalungun picayo kalau manusia dikirim ka dunia dek naibata dan dilengkapi jo Sinumbah nan bisa juo batampuah di dalam babagai benda, macam paralatan dapur dan sebagainya, sahinggo benda-benda ko harus disambah. Urang Simalungun manyambat roh urang mati sabagai Simagot. Baik Sinumbah maupun Simagot harus diagiah korban-korban pujaan sahinggo inyo ka mandapekan babagai manfaat dari kaduo sasungguhan tu.<ref>''De Resident der Oostkust op Sumatra'', ''Nota van toelichting betreffende de Simeloengoensche landschappen Siantar, Panei, Tanah Djawa en Raja'', Medan, 13 Mei 1909, hal.3-4 dalam Apulman Saragih, Gema Sinalsal, Skripsi STT Jakarta, 1979, hlm.12.</ref> Ajaran Hindu jo Budha juo pernah mangaruhi kahidupan di Simalungun, hal ko dibuktikan jo peninggalan babagai patung dan arca nan basobok di babarapo tampek di Simalungun nan manggambaran arti Trimurti (Hindu) dan Sang Buddha nan manungguangi Gajah (Buddha). Kini ko, mayoritas urang Batak Simalungun maadoan ajaran Kristen sakitar 65% (90% Protestan, dan 10% Katolik), dan paamoeluk agamo Islam cukuik signifikan jo jumlah 34%, dan sakitar 1% masih maadoan sistem kepercayaan tradisional.<ref name="JP">{{cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/10722/ID|title=Simalungun Batak in Indonesia|website=joshuaproject.net|accessdate=17 Januari 2023}}</ref> == Marga == === Harungguan Bolon === [[Berkas:Rumah_Bolon_Pamatang_Purba_-_Rumah_Adat_Batak_Simalungun_(Batak_Simalungun_House)_(01).jpg|jmpl|Rumah Bolon Rajo Purba di [[Pematang Purba, Purba, Simalungun|Pamatang Purba]]]] Tadapek ampat marga asli urang Simalungun nan populer dengan akronim '''SISADAPUR''',<ref>The Simalungun Protestant Church in Indonesia, a brief history, Kolportase GKPS, Pematang Siantar, [[1983]], hlm. 6</ref> yaitu: * [[Sinaga|'''Si'''naga]] * [[Saragih|'''Sa'''ragih]] * [[Damanik|'''Da'''manik]] * [[Purba|'''Pur'''ba]] Kaampek marga ko marupokan hasil dari "Harungguan Bolon" (permusyawaratan gadang) antaro 4 Rajo gadang untuak ndak salain maraok dan ndak salain bamusuhan (marsiurupan bani hasunsahan na legan, rup mambimbang munssuh). Kaampek rajo tu adolah:<ref>Pdt Juandaha Raya P Dasuha, STh, SIB(Perekat Identitas Sosial Budaya Simalungun)</ref> ==== '''Rajo Nagur''' bermarga Damanik ==== '''Damanik''' bararti Simada Manik (pemilik manik), dalam bahaso Simalungun, Manik berarti ''Tonduy, Sumangat, Tunggung, Halanigan'' (bersemangat, berkharisma, agung/terhormat, paling cerdas). ==== '''Rajo Banua Sobou''' bermarga [[Saragih]] ==== '''Saragih''' dalam bahaso Simalungun berarti ''Simada Ragih'', nan mana '''''Ragih''''' berarti atur, susun, tata, sehingga ''simada ragih'' berarti Pemilik aturan atau pengatur, penyusun atau pemegang undang-undang. ==== '''Rajo Banua Purba''' bermarga Purba ==== '''Purba''' menurut bahaso barasa dari [[Bahasa Sanskerta|bahaso Sanskerta]] yaitu ''Purwa'' nan berarti timur, gelagat masa datang, pegatur, pemegang Undang-undang, tenungan pengetahuan, cendekiawan/sarjana. ==== '''Rajo Saniang Naga''' bermarga Sinaga ==== '''Sinaga''' berarti ''Simada Naga'', dimana Naga dalam mitologi dewa dikenal sebagai penyebab Gampo dan Tanah Longsor. === Marga-marga perbauran === Parbaduan urang asli Simalungun jo urang-urang di sekitarnyo di Pulau Samosir, Silalahi, Karo, dan Pakpak manyababkan marga-marga baru. Salain itu, ado juo marga-gara lain nan ndak marga asli Simalungun tapi kadang maraso dirinyo sabagai bagian dari urang Simalungun, seperti Lingga, Manurung, Butar-butar dan Sirait. == Perkerabatan Simalungun == Urang Simalungun indak terlalu patamoan soal silsilah karano panentu partuturan (perkerabatan) di Simalungun adolah hasusuran (tamo asal nenek monan) dan tibalni parhundul (kedudukan/raroan) dalam horja-horja adaik (acara-acara adaik). Hal ko bisa dicaliak katiko urang Simalungun batamu, bukan langsuang batanyo "aha marga ni ham?" (apo marga sanak) tapi "hunja do hasusuran ni ham (dari ma asal usul sanak)?" Hal ko ditaguak dek patuah Simalungun "Sin Raya, siko Purba, sin Dolog, siko Panei. Na ija pe lang nan mubah, asal ma marholong ni atei" (dari Raya, Purba, Dolog, Panei. nan manapun indak bermakna, asal panuah kasih). Sebagian sumber manulihkan bahwa hal ko disababkan dek sadolah marga Rajo-Rajo Simalungun itu diiduik dek persekutuan adaik nan erat dek karano konsep parkawinan antaro Rajo jo "puang bolon" (permaisuri) nan adalah puteri Rajo tetangganyo. Sarupo Rajo Tanoh Djawa jo puang bolon dari KeRajoan Siantar (Damanik), Rajo Siantar nan puang bolonnyo dari Partuanan Silappunan, Rajo Panei dari Putri Rajo Siantar, Rajo Silau dari Putri Rajo Raya, Rajo Purba dari Putri Rajo Siantar dan Silimakuta dari Putri Rajo Raya atau Tongging. Adapun Perkerabatan dalam masyarakaik Simalungun disabuik partuturan. Partuturan ko manutuik dakek atau jauahnyo hubungan kaluarga (pardihadihaon), dan dibagi ka babarapo kategori sabagai iko:<ref>Jaumbang Garingging, Palar Girsang, Adat Simalungun, Medan, 1975</ref> * '''Tutur Manorus / Langsung''' : Perkerabatan nan langsung terkait dengan diri sendiri * '''Tutur Holmouan / Kelompok''' : Melalui tutur Holmouan ini bisa terlihat bagaimana berjalannya adaik Simalungun * '''Tutur Natipak / Kehormatan''' : Tutur Natipak digunakan sebagai pengganti nama dari orang nan diajak berbicara sebagai tanda hormat. == Pakaian Adaik == Sama seperti urang-urang lain di sekitarnya, pakaian adaik urang Simalungun tidak terlepas dari penggunaan kain [[Ulos]] (disebut Uis di urang Karo). Kekhasan pada urang Simalungun adalah pada kain khas serupa Ulos nan disebut Hiou dengan berbagai ornamennya. Ulos pada mulanya identik dengan ajimat, dipercaya mengandung "kekuatan" nan bersifat religius magis dan dianggap keramat serta memiliki daya istimewa untuk memberikan perlindungan. Menurut beberapa penelitian penggunaan ulos oleh urang bangso Batak, memperlihatkan kemiripan dengan bangso Karen di perbatasan [[Myanmar]], Muangthai dan [[Laos]], khususnya pada ikat kepala, kain dan ulosnya.<ref>Biranul Anas / Jonny Purba, Busana Tradisional Batak, [http://www.tamanmini.com/anjungan/sumut/budaya/busana_tradisional/busana_tradisional_batak Taman Mini Indonesia Indah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612153130/http://www.tamanmini.com/anjungan/sumut/budaya/busana_tradisional/busana_tradisional_batak |date=2008-06-12 }}</ref> == Lihek pulo == * [[Kabupaten Simalungun]] * [[Saragih]] * [[Damanik]] * [[Purba]] * [[Sinaga]] == Rujuakan == {{reflist|2}} {{Suku banso di Indonesia}}. d7w4xyi3jyw62z0qgkmfggw5npoeo1r Mikronesia 0 472551 3346050 3145221 2026-04-24T05:13:51Z CommonsDelinker 3044 Replacing Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_-_Map_with_Zones.svg with [[File:Oceania_-_Map_with_Zones.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: not the UN Geoscheme). 3346050 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oceania - Map with Zones.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Subkawasan ([[Melanesia]], '''Mikronesia''', [[Polinesia]], jo [[Australasia]]), sarato pulau-pulau nan badaulaik di [[Oseania]]]] '''Mikronesia''' adolah subkawasan [[Oseania]] nan tadiri dari sakitar 2.000 pulau ketek di [[Lautan Pasifik]] barat lauik. Nagara-nagara di kawasan ko punyo sijarah budaya nan arek jo rigo wilayah kapulauan nan lain:[[Asia Tenggara]] Maritim di barat, [[Polinesia]] di timur, jo [[Melanesia]] di selatan—sarato jo komunitas masyarakat [[Urang Austronesia|Austronesia]] nan labiah laweh. Mikronesia mancakuik wilayah sakitar 2.100 pulau jo total laweh daratan 2.700 km2 (1.000 mil persegi), nan tagadang adolah [[Guam]] jo laweh 582 km2 (225 mil persegi). Total laweh lautan di sakaliliang pulau-pulau tu adolah 7.400.000 km2 (2.900.000 mil persegi).{{sfn|Kirch|2001|p=165}} Panduduaknyo kini ko tadiri dari banyak suku, namun kasadoannyo marupokan katurunan jo anggota budaya Mikronesia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hudjashov |first1=Georgi |last2=Endicott |first2=Phillip |last3=Post |first3=Helen |last4=Nagle |first4=Nano |last5=Ho |first5=Simon Y. W. |last6=Lawson |first6=Daniel J. |last7=Reidla |first7=Maere |last8=Karmin |first8=Monika |last9=Rootsi |first9=Siiri |last10=Metspalu |first10=Ene |last11=Saag |first11=Lauri |date=2018-01-29 |title=Investigating the origins of eastern Polynesians using genome-wide data from the Leeward Society Isles |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=1823 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-20026-8 |pmid=29379068 |pmc=5789021 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.1823H |issn=2045-2322}}</ref> Karano pacampuran katurunan ko, banyak suku di Mikronesia nan maraso labiah dakek jo urang Melanesia atau Filipina. Misalnyo suku [[Urang Yap|Yap]] nan bakarabaik jo suku Austronesia di Filipina utara.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Mauritania-to-Nigeria/Micronesians.html |title=Micronesians - Introduction, Location, Language, Folklore, Religion, Major holidays, Rites of passage|work=everyculture.com}}</ref> Pado survei tahun 2011, 93,1% panduduaknyo ba agamo [[Kristen]].<ref name="Christianity in Oceania">{{citation | url = http://wwwgordonconwell.com/netcommunity/CSGCResources/ChristianityinitsGlobalContext.pdf | title = Christianity in its Global Context, 1970–2020: Society, Religion, and Mission | author = Center for the Study of Global Christianity | date = June 2013 | publisher = [[Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary]] | location = South Hamilton, Massachusetts, USA| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130815184022/http://wwwgordonconwell.com/netcommunity/CSGCResources/ChristianityinitsGlobalContext.pdf | archive-date = 15 August 2013 }}</ref> Manuruik sensus 2023, 55% panduduaknyo ba agamo [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik]] jo 42% [[Protestanisme|Protestan]], sadangkan 2% maanuik Kristen lainnyo. Kalompok agamo lainnyo iolah [[Baha'i]], [[Agamo Buddha|Budha]], [[Agamo Hindu|Hindu]], [[Agamo Yahudi|Yahudi]], jo [[Islam]].<ref name=US2022>[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/micronesia US State Dept 2022 report]</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Mikronesia]] 3nudx6xwtgu1djwvvilo1o3hjlaphnk Kapulauan Cook 0 472927 3346051 3183758 2026-04-24T05:13:56Z CommonsDelinker 3044 Replacing Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_-_Map_with_Zones.svg with [[File:Oceania_-_Map_with_Zones.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: not the UN Geoscheme). 3346051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox islands | name = <span style="line-height:1.33em;"> Kapulauan Cook</span> | image_name = Oceania - Map with Zones.svg | image_caption = Kapulauan Cook nan ado pado daerah [[Polynesia|Polinesia]]<ref name="Geografi Kapulauan Cook" />{{br}} [[Berkas:Commons-logo.svg|al=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] [[c:Cook Islands|Media: {{PAGENAME}}]] | coordinates = {{coord|21|12|N|159|46|W|type:isle_region:JP_scale:10000000|display=inline,title}} | country = | area_km2 = 236.7 }} [[Berkas:Map OC-Polynesia.PNG|thumb|upright=1.35|Polinesia sacaro umum didefinisikan sabagai pulau-pulau pado [[Sagitigo Polinesia]].]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ({{lang|rar|Kūki ‘Airani}},<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AT2ENAHoS28C ''Cook Islands Maori dictionary''] by Jasper Buse & Raututi Taringa, Cook Islands Ministry of Education (1995) page 200</ref> {{lang|pnh|Kūki Airani}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cookislandsdictionary.com/search?idiom=&phrase=&proverb=&loan=&keywords=Cook+Islands&dictionary=Action&lang%5B%5D=it.&lang%5B%5D=A.&lang%5B%5D=Mang.&lang%5B%5D=MN&lang%5B%5D=MA.&lang%5B%5D=MI.&lang%5B%5D=P.&lang%5B%5D=Rar. |title=Search result: "Cook Islands" |publisher=Cook Islands Languages |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref> adolah nagara kapulauan nan barado di [[Lautan Pasifik|Samudra Pasifik Salatan]], timur lauik Salandia Baru, [[Polynesia|Polinesia]]. Ado 15 pulau gadang sarato 2 [[coral reef|tarumbu karang]] nan taserak di 2.2 ribu km2 (850.000 sq mi) lauik, dibagi manjadi duo kalompok nan babedo: Kapulauan Cook Salatan jo Kapulauan Cook Utara.<ref name="Geografi Kapulauan Cook">"Cook Islands Travel Guide" (with description), ''World Travel Guide'', Nexus Media Communications, 2006. Webpage: [http://www.worldtravelguide.net/country/65/country_guide/Australia-and-South-Pacific/Cook-Islands.html WTGuide-Cook-Islands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026060558/http://www.worldtravelguide.net/country/65/country_guide/Australia-and-South-Pacific/Cook-Islands.html |date=26 October 2006 }}.</ref> Ibu kota nagaranyo iolah [[Avarua]]. {{Authority control}} {{Geografi-stub}} p9yri3odp4tivlf0umd4ea9647effcf Akmal Nasery Basral 0 473319 3346009 3185037 2026-04-23T15:40:04Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3346009 wikitext text/x-wiki Akmal Nasery Basral iolah saurang panulih panarimo panghargoan ''"Anugerah Sastra Andalas"'' tahun 2022<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3304011/anugerah-sastra-andalas-2022-digelar-fakultas-ilmu-budaya-unand|title=Anugerah Sastra Andalas 2022 digelar Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unand|last=antaranews.com|date=2022-12-14|website=Antara News|language=id|access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref> dan paraih panghargoan ''"National Writer's Award"'' tahun 2021 dari "Pakumpuaan Panulih Nasional Ciek Pena" nan dipimpin Dr. Nasir Tamara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailynewsindonesia.com/news/sastrawan-akmal-nasery-basral-raih-penghargaan-national-writers-award-2021/|title=Sastrawan Akmal Nasery Basral Raih Penghargaan “National Writer’s Award 2021”|last=Pohan|first=Hazairin|date=2021-08-28|website=Daily News Indonesia|language=id|access-date=2024-01-17|archive-date=2022-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005222150/https://www.dailynewsindonesia.com/news/sastrawan-akmal-nasery-basral-raih-penghargaan-national-writers-award-2021/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Katiko datang ka Padang untuak manarimo ''"Anugerah Sastra Andalas"'' di Desember 2022, Akmal masuak pamanang katagori sastrawan jo budayawan Indonesia nan diagiahan untuak panulih, sastrawan, budayowan nan mamiliki kontribusi jo dedikasi pado kasusastroan jo budayo Sumatera Baraik karno dianggap mamiliki dedikasi, kontribusi ka sastro Sumatera Baraik dan produktif pulo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://sumbar.antaranews.com/berita/544623/fakultas-ilmu-budaya-unand-gelar-anugerah-sastra-andalas-2022|title=Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unand gelar Anugerah Sastra Andalas 2022|last=Agency|first=ANTARA News|date=2022-12-14|website=Antara News Sumbar|access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref> == Anugerah Sastra Andalas 2022 == Katiko mandapek panghargoan di ''"Anugerah Sastra Andalas"'' tahun 2022, Akmal Nasery Basral indak surang sajo. Inyo juo basandiang samo urang-urang lain samisal akademisi dari Japang iaitu Yumi Sugihara asa Osaka University sabagai Filologi nan banyak karyo manganai Sumatera Baraik.<ref name=":1" /> Lalu kapado panulih cerpen barbahaso Minang nan dinilai bakontribusi jo khazanah sastro Minangkabau iaitu Arif Purnama Putra (karyo: ''Balada Sandiwara Batangkapeh''), Budi Saputra (karyo: ''Bancah Nan Manguning''), Dini Aprilisyandra (karyo: ''Cindaku''), Idewarni (karyo: ''Marantau Cino Malah Kito''), Ilham Yusardi (karyo: ''Kemudian Pulang Abih''), Iswadi Syahrial Nurpin (karyo: ''Sengketa Tanah Ulayat''), Maya Sandita (karyo: ''Sawah Laman Barantauan'') lalu Vicky Kurniawan (karyo: ''Pandeka Pauah yang Malawan Balando'').<ref name=":0" /> Acara ko langsuang dibuka samo Dekan FIB Unand iaitu Herwandi pado 15 Desember 2022 dan bajalan lancar sarato juo dilipuik barbagai madia nasional dan lokal macam ''Antara''<ref name=":0" /> jo ''Padang Ekspress''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/padang/15/12/2022/perkuat-kesusastraan-fib-unand-beri-anugerah-sastra-andalas-2022/|title=Perkuat kesusastraan, FIB Unand Beri Anugerah Sastra Andalas 2022|last=Selvia|first=Novitri|date=2022-12-15|website=Padek.co|language=id|access-date=2024-01-17|archive-date=2023-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103051322/https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/padang/15/12/2022/perkuat-kesusastraan-fib-unand-beri-anugerah-sastra-andalas-2022/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> nan lain sabagainyo. Acara dibuka jo pambacoan puisi nan bajudul "''Barakik-rakik kahulu, Baranang-ranang katapian"'' dari Silva Darmayani nan marupoan mahasiswa jurusan Bahaso Indonesia Unand. Lalu musikalisasi dari unit kagiatan mahasiswa teater nan bajudua "Ka''nangan Sabalum Sanjo"'' dan pamnacoan cerpen bajudua ''"Anak Gadih Harimau"'' nan dibacoan jo Akhmad Susistyo jurusan Sastra Inggrih.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://fib.unand.ac.id/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1079:anugrah-sastra-andala&Itemid=361|title=Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Andalas Mengadakan Anugrah Sastra Andalas Untuk Mengapresiasi Mahasiswa Berprestasi|website=fib.unand.ac.id|language=id-id|access-date=2024-01-17|archive-date=2024-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111111806/https://fib.unand.ac.id/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1079:anugrah-sastra-andala&Itemid=361|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Lalu acara dilanjuikan ka pambarian gala tiok kategori dan ditutuik jo panampilan monolog nan dibaok jo mahasiswa jurusan Sastro Japang si Ilham Ramadhan nan bajudua "Pidato".<ref name=":2" /> Akmal Nasery Basral manarimo panghargoan ko labiah dahulu katimbang nan lain karano Yumi Sugihara hadir sacaro daring dan mahasiswa satalah Akmal Nasey Basral nan bajumlah salapan urang.<ref name=":3">Chaniago, Hasril (ed). 2023. ''Ensiklopedia Tokoh 1001 Orang Minang''. Padang: UMSB Press.</ref> == Maso Kaciak == Akmal Nasery Basral lahia di Jakarta pado 28 April 1968. Akmal marupokan anak dari parantau Minang nan tingga di Jakarta. Abaknyo Basral Datuak Batungkek, amaknyo Asmaniar binti Barakan Sutan Rajo Ameh basuku Koto. Amak jo abaknyo baasal dari Nagari Magek, Tilatang Kamang, Kabupaten Agam.<ref name=":3" /> == Maso Pandidikan == Akmal basikolah di SD Muhammadiyah Tebet dari tahun 1972 hinggo 1978. Lalu lanjuik ka SMPN 73 dari tahun 1978 hinggo 1983 dan di SMAN 8 Jakarta dari tahun 1983 hinggo 1986. Akmal subananyo bacito-cito jadi dokter namun malah kuliah di jurusan Sosiologi, FISIP di UI.<ref name=":3" /> == Karajo di Surek Kaba == Salapeh tamaik kuliah di UI, Akmal mangawali karir di surek kaba Tempo sabagai juranlih<ref name=":3" /> namun baru tigo bulan karajo, surek kaba tu kanai bredel jo Orde Baru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1474929/kronologi-pembredelan-majalah-tempo-editor-dan-detik-27-tahun-silam|title=Kronologi Pembredelan Majalah Tempo, Editor dan Detik 27 Tahun Silam|last=Andryanto|first=S. Dian|date=2021-06-21|website=Tempo|language=en|access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref> Kanai bredel, mambuek Akmal tapaso bapindah karajo, lalu mamiliah surek kaba Gatra<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indonesianlantern.com/2021/01/20/mengenal-lebih-dekat-akmal-nasery-basral-penulis-19-buku/|title=Mengenal Lebih Dekat Akmal Nasery Basral Penulis 19 Buku|date=2021-01-21|website=indonesianlantern.com|language=en-US|access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref> basamo jurnalih Tempo nan lain.<ref name=":3" /> Salamo di Gatra nyo parnah ditugasi baiak di dalam nagari maupun di lua nagari. Inyo parnah ditugasi malipuik Lady Diana Spencer dimakamkan di London, Inggrih tahun 1997.<ref>https://www.tokopedia.com/tokobrasil/majalah-gatra-edisi-putri-diana-1997-jadul?utm_source=google&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=pdp-seo {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117165838/https://www.tokopedia.com/tokobrasil/majalah-gatra-edisi-putri-diana-1997-jadul?utm_source=google&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=pdp-seo |date=2024-01-17 }} (Diakses 17 Januari 2024)</ref> Tahun 1999, Akmal pindah ka surek kaba Gamma.<ref>https://eprints.ums.ac.id/31477/2/Bab_1.pdf (Diakses 17 Januari 2024)</ref> Hanyo satahun disinan lalu nyo pindah ka surek kaba Virtual manjadi Pamimpin Radaksi (Pimred).<ref name=":3" /> Tahun 2002, nyo diminta samo Meuthia Kasim Pimred partamo di surek kaba MTV Trax nan bafokus ka hiburan kayak film jo musiak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bukurepublika.id/book-author/akmal-nasery-basral/|title=Akmal Nasery Basral Archives|website=Republika Penerbit|language=en-US|access-date=2024-01-17|archive-date=2024-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117165808/https://bukurepublika.id/book-author/akmal-nasery-basral/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Tahun 2004 nyo baliak ka Tempo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.datatempo.co/foto/detail/P3105200800066/akmal-nasery-basral|title=akmal nasery basral - DATATEMPO|website=www.datatempo.co|language=en|access-date=2024-01-17|archive-date=2024-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117165808/https://www.datatempo.co/foto/detail/P3105200800066/akmal-nasery-basral|dead-url=yes}}</ref> sakaliguih muliak manulih babarapo karyo sastro. Dabuiknyo adolah novel ''Imperia'' tahun 2005<ref>{{Cite book|title=Buku Imperia {{!}} Toko Buku Online - Bukukita|url=https://www.bukukita.com/Buku-Novel/Mistery-Thriller/101510-Imperia.html|language=id}} (Diakses 17 Januari 2024)</ref> jo kumpuaan cerpen ''Ada Seseorang di Kepalaku yang Bukan Aku'' tahun 2006<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.belbuk.com/ada-seseorang-di-kepalaku-yang-bukan-aku/produk/3087|title=Ada Seseorang Di Kepalaku Yang Bukan Aku: Akmal Nasery Basral|website=Belbuk.com|language=id|access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref> lalu disusua jo ''Nagabonar Jadi 2'' tahun 2007.<ref>{{Cite thesis|url=https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/82218|title=FAKTA-FAKTA CERITA NOVEL NAGABONAR JADI 2 KARYA AKMAL NASERY BASRAL: ANALISIS STRUKTUR NOVEL MODEL STANTONIAN|last=Rastiti|first=Disma Ajeng|date=2015|access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref>''<br />'' = Rujuakan = e3wplaftkh6k5fki9rxsp9n1twwo4ac Pangguno:Rafdi Onrizal 2 474620 3346064 3156508 2026-04-24T11:07:21Z ~2026-25076-31 23783 lari 3346064 wikitext text/x-wiki Namo Ambo Rafdi Onrizal Hobi ambo lari ambo sering lari dijalanan supayo ambo tetap semangat ,supayo pikiran ambo ko ndk terlalu stress.lari ko adalah tampek yang sangat menyenangkan katiko ado masalah tentang pikiran. 1.Pengertian Lari Lari adolah salah satu cabang olahraga atletik nan paliang tuo di dunia.Bedonyo lari jo bajalan adolah tempo jo posisi kaki.kalau lari ,ado ,masonyo kaduo kaki awak malayang di udaro{indak manyantiang tanah},sedangkan kalau bajalan,salah satu kaki musti taruih mamijak bumi. 2. Jinih-jinih Lari * lari jarak pendek * lari jarak manangah * lari jarak jauh * lari estafet 3. Manfaat lari untuk kasihatan * jantuang jadi kuek * manurunkan barek badan * mambuek hati sanang * tulang jo oto makin kokoh {{Peserta WikiLatih|di=Padang|tgl=13 Oktober 2024}} ipoh7p76yont117r4y8hyjxept3sy01 Agatha Christie 0 476935 3346008 3343559 2026-04-23T15:27:17Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3346008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|20th-century English mystery and detective writer}}{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | honorific_prefix = '''Dame''' | name = Agatha Christie<br/><small>Lady Mallowan</small> | honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100|DBE}} | image = | caption = Agatha Christie | pseudonym = Mary Westmacott | birth_name = Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1890|9|15}} | birth_place = [[Torquay]], [[Devon]], {{Flag|Inggris}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1976|1|12|1890|9|15}} | death_place = Winterbrook House, Winterbrook, Oxfordshire, {{Flag|Inggris}} | resting_place = Church of St Mary, Cholsey, Oxfordshire, [[Inggris]] | occupation = * [[Novelis]] * Penulis [[cerita pendek]] * [[Puisi]] * [[Memoar]] | genre = * [[Fiksi kejahatan]] * [[Thriller]] * [[Cerita detektif|Detektif]] * [[Romantis]] | movement = [[Golden Age of Detective Fiction|Masa Keemasan Fiksi Detektif]] | notableworks = Pembuat karakter [[Hercule Poirot]] dan [[Miss Marple]], ''[[Pembunuhan di Orient Express]]'', ''[[Pembunuhan atas Roger Ackroyd]]'', ''[[Pembunuhan di Sungai Nil]]'', ''[[Pembunuhan di Wisma Pendeta]]'', ''[[Pembunuhan ABC]]'', ''[[Sepuluh Anak Negro]]'', ''[[The Mousetrap]]'' | signature = Agatha Christie's signature.png | spouses = {{unbulleted list | {{marriage|Archibald Christie|1914|1928|end=div}} {{marriage|[[Max Mallowan|Sir Max Mallowan]]|1930}}}} | children = 1 | relatives = James Watts (keponakan) | website = {{URL|agathachristie.com}} | alt = Christie in 1925 }} '''Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie''', DBE ({{lahirmati||15|9|1890||12|1|1976}}) adolah saurang Panulih [[fiksi kriminal]] [[Inggris]] nan tanamo jo anam puluah anam novel detektif dan ampek baleh koleksi carito pendeknyo. Karyanyo nan paliang tanamo bacarito tantang detektif fiksi [[Hercule Poirot]] dan [[Miss Marple]]. Inyo pun marupoan panulih [[pementasan drama]] paliang lamo di dunia nan bajudul [[The Mousetrap]], nan ditampilan di [[Teater West End]] dari [[1952]] hinggo [[2020]]. Pertunjukan itu ditutuik pado [[Maret 2020]] karano [[Pandemi Covid-19]]. Inyo pun turuik manulih anam novel jo namo samarannyo '''Mary Westmacott'''. pado [[1971]], Inyo diangkek manjadi [[Bintang Kekaisaran Britania Raya|Dame]] (DBE) dek kontribusinya pado dunia sastra. ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' manyantuman Christie subagai Panulih fiksi terlaris sepanjang maso, novelnyo alah tajua labiah dari duo miliar eksemplar. Christie dilahiakan dalam keluarga kelas menengah ateh nan kayo di [[Torquay, Inggris|Torquay, Devon]], dan subagian gadang mendapekkan pendidikannya jo [[Sekolah rumah|bersikola di rumah]]. Di awal kariernyo subagai panulih inyo maalami anam panulakan baturuik-turuik sabalun akhianya pado [[1920]], karyanyo nan bajudul ''[[Misteri di Styles]]'', nan manampilkan detektif Hercule Poirot, ditabikan. Manuruik ''Index Translationum'', inyo tatap manjadi panulih individu jo karyanyo nan paliang banyak ditajamahan. Karyanyo nan bajudul [[Sepuluh Anak Negro|''Lalu Semuanya Lenyap'']] adolah salah satu buku jo panjualan paliang tinggi sapanjang maso, jo panjualan sekitar 100 juta. == Biografi == === maso kecil dan remaja: 1890–1907 === Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller lahir pado [[15 September]] [[1890]] dari keluarga kelas menengah ateh nan kaya di [[Torquay, Inggris|Torquay, Devon]]. Dia adolah anak bungsu dari tiga bersaudara nan lahir dari pasangan Frederick Alvah Miller dan bininyo Clarissa Margaret ("Clara") Miller née Boehmer.<ref name="Morgan1984">{{cite book|last=Morgan|first=Janet P.|date=1984|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4paAAAAMAAJ|title=Agatha Christie: A Biography|location=London|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-0-00-216330-9}}</ref><ref name=":1">''Marriage Register''. St Peter's Church, Bayswater [Notting Hill], Middlesex, 1878, No. 399, p. 200.</ref><ref>''Birth Certificate''. General Register Office for England and Wales, 1890 September Quarter, Newton Abbot, volume 5b, p. 151. [Christie's forenames were not registered.]</ref><ref name=":2">''Baptism Register''. Parish of Tormohun, Devon, 1890, No. 267, [n.p.].</ref> amaknyo lahir di [[Dublin]] pado [[1854]] dari saurang perwira Angkatan Darat Inggris Frederick Boehmer dan bininyo Mary Ann Boehmer née West.<ref>''1871 England Census''. Class: RG10; Piece: 3685; Folio: 134; p. 44</ref><ref>[https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C178476 Statement of Services]: Frederick Boehmer, 91st Foot. The National Archives, Kew. WO 76/456, p. 57.</ref><ref name="Goff">{{cite book|last=Goff|first=Gerald Lionel Joseph|year=1891|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalrecord00goffuoft|title=Historical records of the 91st Argyllshire Highlanders, now the 1st Battalion Princess Louise's Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, containing an account of the Regiment in 1794, and of its subsequent services to 1881|publisher=R. Bentley|pages=xv, [https://archive.org/details/historicalrecord00goffuoft/page/218 218–19, 322]}}</ref> Boehmer meninggal di Jersey pado [[1863]], meninggalkan jandanya untuak membesarkan Clara dan saudara laki-lakinya jo penghasilan nan saketek.<ref>{{cite book|last=Robyns|first=Gwen|date=|year=1978|url=|title=The Mystery of Agatha Christie|location=Garden City, NY|publisher=Doubleday (publisher){{!}}Doubleday & Company, Inc|isbn=0-385-12623-9|page=13|pages=|url-status=live}}</ref> Dua minggu sasudah kematian Boehmer, saudara padusi Mary nan bernama Margaret West menikahi saurang duda bernama Nathaniel Frary Miller, saurang warga negara Amerika Serikat. untuak membantu Mary sacaro finansial, mereka setuju untuak mengasuah Clara nan saat itu baumua sembilan taun. Mereka kamudian menetap di Timperley, Cheshire.<ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|date=1865|url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C7314015|title=Naturalisation Papers: Miller, Nathaniel Frary, from the United States. Certificate 4798|location=|publisher=|isbn=|pages=|url-status=live}}</ref> Margaret dan Nathaniel indak mamiliki anak bersama, tapi Nathaniel mamiliki saurang putra baumua tujuh belas taun nan bernama Fred Miller, dari pernikahan sabalunnya. Fred lahir di [[Kota New York]] dan bepaian sacaro ekstensif sasudah meninggalkan sekolah asramanya. Ia dan Clara menikah di London pado [[1878]]. Anak partamo mereka, Margaret Frary ("Madge"), lahir di Torquay pado 1879.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Margaret Frary “Madge” Miller Watts (1879-1950) -...|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/196044102/margaret-frary-watts|website=www.findagrave.com|language=en|access-date=14 Januari 2021}}</ref> Anaknya nan kedua, Louis Montant ("Monty"), lahir di Morristown, [[New Jersey]], pado [[1880]], saat keluarganya sedang berkunjung ke [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Louis Montant “Monty” Miller (1880-1929) - Find A...|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/205176230/louis-montant-miller|website=www.findagrave.com|language=en|access-date=14 Januari 2021}}</ref> katiko ayah Fred meninggal pado [[1869]], dia meninggalkan Clara £2.000 (kira-kira setara jo £190.000 pado [[2019]]). kamudian pado [[1881]] mereka manggunoan uang tasabuik untuak menyewa vila di Torquay bernama Ashfield. Di sinilah anak ketiga dan nan terakhia lahir nan diberi nama Agatha pado [[1890]]. Christie menggambarkan maso keteknyo subagai "sangat bahagia". Keluarga Miller tinggal di Devon tapi sering kali mengunjungi sanak saudaranya, Margaret Miller di Ealing dan nenek dari pihak ibu Mary Boehmer di Bayswater. karano saudara kandungnya jauah lebih tua, dan hanya ada saketek anak seusianya di lingkungan mereka, Christie menghabiskan sebagian besar wakatunya bamain surang jo hewan peliharaan dan teman imajinasinya. Dia akhianya bakawan jo gadis-gadis lain di Torquay, ia mencatat bahwa "salah satu nan manarik dari keberadaan saya" adolah penampilannya bersama mereka dalam produksi remaja ''The Yeomen of the Guard'' karya [[Gilbert dan Sullivan]]. Christie berperan subagai pahlawan bernama Kolonel Fairfax dalam [[opera]] tasabuik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AbeBooks: The Queen of Crime Writing - Agatha Christie|url=http://www.abebooks.com/books/orient-express-miss-marple-murder-death/agatha-christie.shtml|website=www.abebooks.com|language=en|access-date=19 Januari 2021|archive-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519000119/https://www.abebooks.com/books/orient-express-miss-marple-murder-death/agatha-christie.shtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Menurut Christie, Clara pacayo dia seharusnya indak belajar mambaco sampai dia berumur delapan taun, tapi berkat rasa ingin taunyo, ia bisa mambaco pado usia empat taun. Walaupun kakak padusinyo telah dikirim ke sekolah asrama, tapi amaknyo bersikeras agar Christie menerima [[Sekolah rumah|pendidikan di rumah]]. sahinggo, urang tuo dan saudara padusinya mengawasi studinya dalam mambaco, manulih, dan aritmetika dasar, mata pelajaran nan sangat dia sukoi. Mereka juga mengajarinya musik, dimana ia belajar memainkan [[piano]] dan [[mandolin]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agatha Christie in profile: facts about her life|url=https://www.historyextra.com/period/20th-century/agatha-christie-author-disappearance-life-death-miss-marple-poirot-mystery-life-death-husband-marriage/|website=HistoryExtra|language=en|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Agatha Christie, Homeschooler|url=https://eurohomeed.org/home/agatha-christie-homeschooler|website=Euro Home Ed|language=en-US|access-date=19 Januari 2021|archive-date=2022-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408034302/https://eurohomeed.org/home/agatha-christie-homeschooler|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Berkas:Agatha Christie as a child No 1.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Christe pado saat mudanya]] Christie sangat suko mambaco sajak usia dini. Memorinya nan paliang awal adolah mambaco buku anak-anak dek Mary Louisa Molesworth dan Edith Nesbit. katiko saketek lebih besar, dia beralih ke karya dari [[Edward Lear]] dan [[Lewis Carroll]]. subagai remaja, dia manikmati karya Anthony Hope, [[Walter Scott]], [[Charles Dickens]], dan [[Alexandre Dumas]]. pado April 1901, saat ia baumua 10 taun, dia manulih puisi partamonyo nan bajudul ''The Cowslip''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-15|title=The Story of Agatha Christie, Whose Life Could’ve Been a Plot for One of Her Novels|url=https://brightside.me/wonder-people/the-story-of-agatha-christie-whose-life-couldve-been-a-plot-for-one-of-her-novels-798882/|website=BrightSide — Inspiration. Creativity. Wonder.|language=en|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref> pado [[1901]], kesehatan ayahnya mamburuak, karano apa nan dia yakini subagai masolah [[jantung]]. Fred meninggal pado November 1901 karano [[pneumonia]] dan panyakik [[ginjal]] kronis. Christie kamudian mengatakan bahwa kematian ayahnya katiko dia baumua sebelas taun menandai akhia maso keteknyo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chronological Table [Delicious Death]|url=http://www.deliciousdeath.com/chrono.html|website=www.deliciousdeath.com|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Situasi keuangan keluarganya kamudian mamburuak. Madge menikah setaun sasudah kematian ayah mereka dan pindah ke Cheadle, Cheshire; Monty berada di luar nagari, bertugas di resimen Inggris. Christie kini tinggal surang di Ashfield bersama amaknyo. pado [[1902]], ia mulai bersekolah di ''Miss Guyer's Girls School'' di Torquay tapi merasa sulit untuak menyesuaikan diri. pado 1905, amaknyo mengirimnya ke Paris, tempat ia dididik dalam serangkaian ''pensionnats'' ([[sekolah asrama]]), jo fokus pado pelatihan vokal dan bamain piano. mamutuihan bahwa dia indak mamiliki bakat di bidang terebut, ia kamudian malapehan cito-citonyo untuak tampil sacaro profesional subagai pianis konser atau penyanyi opera.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-24|title=The Life of Dame Agatha Christie|url=https://www.thehotelbalmoral.co.uk/life-dame-agatha-christie/|website=The Balmoral Hotel Torquay|language=en-GB|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-17|title=Bowerland Blog – Saturday Stories – Agatha Christie|url=https://www.bowerlandcottageholidays.co.uk/saturday-stories-agatha-christie/|website=Bowerland Cottage Holidays|language=en-GB|access-date=19 Januari 2021|archive-date=2021-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127221530/https://www.bowerlandcottageholidays.co.uk/saturday-stories-agatha-christie/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-09|title=Agatha Christie, Novelis yang Dikenal Sebagai 'Ratu Kejahatan'|url=https://www.woke.id/novel-agatha-christie-hercule-poirot/|website=woke.id|language=en-US|access-date=19 Januari 2021|archive-date=2023-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826184854/https://www.woke.id/novel-agatha-christie-hercule-poirot/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> === Pernikahan dan kesuksesan sastra: 1907–1926 === sasudah menyelesaikan pendidikannya, Christie baliak ke Inggris di mana ia kamudian mengetauhi amaknyo sedang sakit-sakitan. Mereka mamutuihan untuak menghabiskan wakatu musim dingin mereka (akhia [[1907]]– awal [[1908]]) di [[Mesir]] nan mamiliki iklim nan angek. Mesir kamudian manjadi tujuan wisata reguler bagi urang Inggris nan kaya. Mereka tinggal selama tiga bulan di Gezirah Palace di [[Kairo]]. Christie menghadiri banyak acara tari dan acara sosial lainnyo. Ia sangat manikmati manonton pertandingan polo amatir. Mereka mengunjungi beberapa monumen Mesir kuno seperti [[Piramida Agung Giza]], di mana ia indak menunjukkan minat nan besar pado arkeologi dan [[egiptologi]] nan berkembang di taun-taun terakhianya. Saat ia baliak ke Inggris, dia melanjutkan kegiatan sosialnya, manulih dan tampil di teater amatir. Dia juga membantu memainkan drama bajudul ''The Blue Beard of Unhappiness'' jo teman-temannya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agatha Christie {{!}}|url=https://www.dramaclasses.biz/news/2016/04/13/agatha-christie|website=www.dramaclasses.biz|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref> pado usia delapan belas taun, Christie manulih carito pendek partamonyo nan bajudul ''The House of Beauty'', pado saat itu ia sedang memulihkan diri di tempat lalok dari panyakik. Carito pendek tasabuik mamiliki sekitar 6.000 kata tentang "kegilaan dan mimpi", subjek nan manarik baginyo. Panulih biografinya, Janet Morgan, berkomentar bahwa meskipun "gayanya nan indak selaras", carito dari carito pendek tasabuik "manarik". carito ini manjadi kamudian manjadi versi awal dari novelnya nan bajudul [[Selagi Hari Terang]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The House of Dreams|url=https://www.agathachristie.com/stories/the-house-of-dreams|website=www.agathachristie.com|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref> carito pendek lainnyo, kebanyakan menggambarkan ketertarikannya pado spiritualisme dan paranormal. Karyanya tasabuik antara lain ''The Call of Wings'' dan ''The Little Lonely God''. Majalah menolak semua kiriman karya awalnya nan dibuat jo nama samaran (tamasuak Mac Miller, Nathaniel Miller, dan Sydney West). Beberapa dari karyanya kamudian direvisi dan ditabikan jo nama aslinyo, sering kali jo judul nan baru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The House of Beauty Quote|url=https://www.iacf-uk.org/quote/the-house-of-beauty-quote/|website=International Agatha Christie Festival|language=en-GB|access-date=19 Januari 2021|archive-date=2022-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310215010/https://www.iacf-uk.org/quote/the-house-of-beauty-quote/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The House of Dreams: An Agatha Christie Short Story|url=https://www.harpercollins.com.au/9780007560233/the-house-of-dreams-an-agatha-christie-short-story|website=HarperCollins Australia|language=en-AU|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref> pado wakatu nan bersamaan, Christie mulai mengerjakan novel partamonyo nan bajudul ''Snow Upon the Desert''. untuak karyanya tasabuik ia manulih jo nama samarannya Monosyllaba, novel tasabuik bercarito di Kairo jo memanfaatkan pengalamannya berada di sana. Dia kecewa katiko enam penerbit nan dia hubungi menolak novelnya itu. Clara menyarankan agar putrinya meminta nasihat dari novelis Eden Phillpotts nan juga teman dan tetangganya. Phillpotts menanggapi permintaanya, mendorongnya untuak manulih, dan mengiriminkan surat pengantar untuak Christie kapado agennya sendiri, Hughes Massie. Massie juga menolak ''Snow Upon the Desert'' tapi menyarankan untuak manulih novel keduanya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=…snow upon the desert (FW17-18)|url=https://www.notjustalabel.com/collection/valeorchid/snow-upon-desert-fw17-18|website=www.notjustalabel.com|language=en|access-date=19 Januari 2021|archive-date=2023-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826184853/https://www.notjustalabel.com/collection/valeorchid/snow-upon-desert-fw17-18|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Mary Westmacott, the real Agatha Christie|url=https://www.peterharrington.co.uk/blog/mary-westmacott-the-real-agatha-christie/|website=Peter Harrington Blog|language=en-GB|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref> Christie menyibukan diri jo berpesta, berkuda, berburu, menari, dan juga bersepatu roda. pado Oktober 1912, dia diperkenalkan jo Archibald "Archie" Christie pado sabuah acara tari nan diadakan dek Lord dan Lady Clifford di Ugbrooke nan berlokasi sekitar 12 mil (19 kilometer) dari Torquay. Archie adolah anak dari saurang pengacara di [[Layanan Sipil India|Dinas Sipil India]], ia adolah saurang perwira militer nan bertugas di Korps Penerbang Kerajaan Inggris pado April 1913. Tiga bulan sasudah pertemuan partamo mereka, Archie melamarnya dan Christie menerima lamarannya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Curious Disappearance of Agatha Christie|url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/The-Curious-Disappearance-of-Agatha-Christie/|website=Historic UK|language=en-GB|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-21|title=Agatha Christie's adventurous 'second act' plays out in Mesopotamia|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2017/05-06/agatha-christie-mesopotamia-archaeology-expeditions/|website=History Magazine|language=en|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref> jo pecahnya [[Perang Dunia I|parang Dunia I]] pado Agustus 1914, Archie dikirim ke Prancis untuak berparang. Archie kamudian mengambil cuti dan mereka menikah pado Malam Natal 1914 di Gereja Emmanuel, Clifton, [[Bristol]] nan berlokasi dekat jo rumah ibu dan ayah tirinya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-12-24|title=Desert Island Doc: Agatha Christie’s wartime wedding {{!}} Bristol Archives|url=https://www.bristolmuseums.org.uk/blog/archives/desert-island-doc-agatha-christies-wartime-wedding/|website=Bristol Museums|language=en-GB|access-date=15 Januari 2021}}</ref> sasudah naik pangkat, ia ditugaskan baliak ke Inggris pado September 1918 subagai kolonel di Kementerian Udara. Christie membantu subagai anggota ''[[Voluntary Aid Detachment]]'' nan merupakan bagian dari [[Palang Merah]]. Dari Oktober 1914 hingga Mei 1915, dan juga dari Juni 1916 hingga September 1918, ia bekerja selama 3.400 jam di Rumah Sakit Palang Merah Balai Kota Torquay, partamo subagai perawat (indak dibayia) kamudian subagai ''dispenser'' dan dibayia sebesar £ 16 (kira-kira setara jo £ 900 di 2019) sasudah memenuhi perssyaratan subagai asisten apoteker. Ia kamudian berhenti dari posisi tasabuik pado September 1918 katiko Archie dipindahkan ke London, dan mereka menyewa sabuah [[apartemen]] di St John's Wood.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Making her own mystery|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/making-her-own-mystery-1.219949|website=The Irish Times|language=en|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref> Christie adolah saurang penggemar novel detektif, tamasuak ''The Woman in White'' dan ''The Moonstone'' karya Wilkie Collins, dan juga [[Sherlock Holmes]] karya [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]. Dia manulih novel detektif partamonyo nan berjusul [[Misteri di Styles]] pado [[1916]]. Novel itu menampilkan [[Hercule Poirot]], mantan petugas polisi Belgia jo "kumis nan luar biasa" dan kepala "persis seperti telur". Poirot dicaritokan telah memilih untuak berlindung di Inggris sasudah [[Jerman]] menginvasi [[Belgia]]. Inspirasi Christie untuak karakter tasabuik datang dari pengungsi Belgia nan tinggal di Torquay, dan tentara Belgia nan dia bantu saat ia bertugas subagai perawat sukorela selama [[Perang Dunia I|parang Dunia I]]. Naskah aslinyo ditolak dek [[Hodder & Stoughton]] dan juga [[Methuen Publishing|Methuen]]. sasudah melakukan pengajuan selama beberapa bulan, [[John Lane (penerbit)|John Lane]] dari [[The Bodley Head]] mamutuihan untuak menerima naskahnya, asalkan Christie maubah carito bagaimana solusinya terungkap. Dia setuju dan kamudian menandatangani kontrak nan mengikatkan untuak lima buku berikuiknya jo The Bodley Head. Ia kamudian merasa bahwa ia [[Eksploitasi buruh|dieksploitasi]]. Novel tasabuik ditabikan pado 1920.<ref>{{Cite web|title=American Tribute to Agatha Christie|url=http://home.insightbb.com/~jsmarcum/agatha20.htm|website=home.insightbb.com|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mysterious Affair at Styles (Hercule Poirot, book 1) by Agatha Christie|url=https://www.fantasticfiction.com/c/agatha-christie/mysterious-affair-at-styles.htm|website=www.fantasticfiction.com|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cofta|first=Mark|title=‘The Mysterious Affair at Styles’ at Hedgerow Theatre|url=https://www.broadstreetreview.com/theater/the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-at-hedgerow-theatre|website=www.broadstreetreview.com|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref> Christie malahiaan anak satu-satunya nan bernama Rosalind Margaret Clarissa, pado [[Agustus]] [[1919]] di Ashfield.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Morgan|first=Janet|date=2004-11-20|title=Obituary: Rosalind Hicks|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/nov/20/guardianobituaries.booksobituaries|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Archie meninggalkan Angkatan Udara pado akhia parang dan mulai bekerja di [[City of London|kota]] dalam sektor keuangan jo gaji nan relatif rendah. Mereka masih mempekerjakan saurang pembantu. Novel keduanya nan bajudul [[Musuh Dalam Selimut]] (1922), menampilkan pasangan detektif baru [[Tommy dan Tuppence]]. Novel tasabuik ditabikan dek The Bodley Head dan ia bershasil mendapekkan £ 50 (kira-kira setara jo £ 2.800 pado 2019) untuak karyanya tasabuik. Novel ketiganya nan bajudul [[Lapangan Golf Maut]], baliak menampilkan Poirot. Setalah itu, ia indak lagi mengalami kesulitan untuak menjual karyanya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Secret Adversary by Agatha Christie: Fine Hardcover (1922) 1st Edition {{!}} Brought to Book Ltd|url=https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/Secret-Adversary-Agatha-Christie-Bodley-Head/30236778717/bd|website=www.abebooks.com|language=en|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref> pado [[1922]], Christie dan suaminya mengikuiki tur promosi keliling dunia untuak Pameran Kerajaan Inggris, nan dipimpin dek Mayor Ernest Belcher. Meninggalkan putri mereka bersama ibu dan saudara padusi dari Christie. Selama sepuluh bulan mereka melakukan perjalanan ke [[Afrika Selatan]], [[Australia]], [[Selandia Baru]], [[Hawaii]], dan [[Kanada]]. Mereka belajar berselancar di Afrika Selatan dan juga di [[Waikiki]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-07-29|title=Agatha Christie's surfing secret revealed|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/jul/29/agatha-christie-hercule-poirot-surfing-secret|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=15 Januari 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Agatha Christie 'one of Britain's first stand-up surfers'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/8670354/Agatha-Christie-one-of-Britains-first-stand-up-surfers.html|website=The Telegraph|language=en-GB|access-date=15 Januari 2021}}</ref> katiko mereka baliak ke Inggris, Archie baliak [[City of London|bekerja]] dan Christie terus manulih karya-karya lainya. sasudah tinggal di serangkaian apartemen di [[London]], mereka membeli sabuah rumah di Sunningdale, Berkshire.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RBH: History of Sunningdale, Berkshire|url=http://www.berkshirehistory.com/villages/sunningdale.html|website=www.berkshirehistory.com|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref> Ibu Christie, Clarissa Miller, meninggal pado April 1926. Kematiannya mambuek Christie mengalami depresi berat. pado Agustus 1926, laporan muncul di media bahwa Christie telah pai ke sabuah desa dekat [[Biarritz]] untuak memulihkan diri dari "kerusakan" nan disebabkan "kerja berlebihan".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Turner|first=Camilla|date=2017-05-08|title=Mystery of Agatha Christie's disappearance is 'solved' as author suggests she considered suicide over husband's affair|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/08/mystery-agatha-christies-disappearance-solved-author-suggests/|newspaper=The Telegraph|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref> === Menghilang: 1926 === pado Agustus 1926, Archie meminta cerai dari Christie. Archie telah jatuh cinta jo Nancy Neele, saurang teman dari Mayor Belcher. pado 3 Desember 1926, Archie dan Christie bertengkar sasudah Archie maagiah tau rencananya untuak menghabiskan akhia pekan jo teman-temannya tanpa dirinya. pado malam itu, Christie menghilang dari rumah mereka. Keesokan paginya, mobilnya ditemukan di Newlands Corner, diparkir di ateh tambang kapur jo pakaian dan [[SIM]] nan sudah habis maso berlakunya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weinberg|first=Kate|date=30 Januari 2020|title=Agatha Christie’s Greatest Mystery Was Left Unsolved|url=https://crimereads.com/agatha-christies-greatest-mystery-was-left-unsolved/|website=CrimeReads|language=en-US|access-date=19 Januari 2021}}</ref> Kejadian tasabuik jo cepat manjadi berita, karano pers berusaha memuaskan "rasa lapar akan sensasi, bencana, dan skandal" untuak pembacanya. [[Menteri Dalam Negeri Britania Raya|Menteri dalam nagari]] William Joynson-Hicks menekan polisi untuak memecahkan kasus tasabuik. Selain itu, sabuah [[Koran|surat kabar]] menawarkan hadiah £100 (kira-kira setara jo £6.000 pado 2019) untuak nan berhasil memecahkan kasus tasabuik. Lebih dari 1.000 petugas polisi, 15.000 sukorelawan, dan beberapa pesawat terbang memeriksa pedesaan untuak mencarinya. [[Sir Arthur Conan Doyle]] juga berusaha membantu untuak menemukannya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thorpe|first=Vanessa|date=15 Oktober 2006|title=Christie's most famous mystery solved at last|url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/oct/15/books.booksnews|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|access-date=15 Januari 2021}}</ref> Hilangnya Christie ditampilkan di halaman muko ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Jordan|first=Tina|date=11 Juni 2019|title=When the World’s Most Famous Mystery Writer Vanished (Published 2019)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/11/books/agatha-christie-vanished-11-days-1926.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=15 Januari 2021}}</ref> Meskipun jo pencarian nan ekstensif, dia indak ditemukan selama sepuluh hari ka muko.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=15 Desember 1926|title=MRS. CHRISTIE FOUND IN A YORKSHIRE SPA; ....|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1926/12/15/archives/mrs-christie-found-in-a-yorkshire-spa-missing-novelist-under-an.html|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=15 Januari 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=3 Desember 2009|title=Agatha Christie's Harrogate mystery|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/york/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8393000/8393552.stm|work=[[BBC]]|language=en-GB|access-date=15 Januari 2021}}</ref> pado 14 Desember 1926, dia diketahui berada di Swan Hydropathic Hotel di [[Harrogate]] nan berlokasi di [[Yorkshire]], manggunoan nama Nyonya Tressa Neele (nama keluarga kekasih suaminya). Keesokan harinya, Christie pai ke kediaman saudara padusinyo di Abney Hall, Cheadle, di mana dia diasingkan "di aula nan dijaga, gerbang dikunci, telepon terputus, dan menolak telepon nan masuk".<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Agatha Christie's Disappearance {{!}} The Old Swan Hotel|url=https://www.classiclodges.co.uk/the-old-swan/agatha-christie/|website=www.classiclodges.co.uk|access-date=15 Januari 2021}}</ref> Otobiografi Christie indak mambahas tentang kejadian tasabuik. Dua dokter kamudian mendiagnosisnya jo "kehilangan ingatan nan indak paralu dipertanyakan lagi", tapi masih ada pendapek nan berbeda mengenai alasan mengapa ia menghilang. tamasuak Panulih biografinya Morgan, pacayo dia menghilang dikaranokan [[fugue]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Burton|first=Neel|date=17 Maret 2012|title=Dissociative Fugue: The Mystery of Agatha Christie|url=http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/hide-and-seek/201203/dissociative-fugue-the-mystery-agatha-christie|website=Psychology Today|language=en-US|access-date=15 Januari 2021}}</ref> Panulih Jared Cade menyimpulkan bahwa Christie merencanakan kejadian tasabuik untuak mempermalukan suaminya tapi indak mengantisipasi melodrama publik nan dihasilkan. Panulih biografi Christie, Laura Thompson, memberikan pandangan alternatif bahwa Christie menghilang karano [[gangguan jiwa]], sadar akan tindakannya tapi indak dalam kendali ateh dirinya sendiri. Reaksi publik pado saat itu sebagian besar negatif, beranggapan aksinya adolah upaya untuak menjebak suaminya ateh pambunuahan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adams|first=Cecil|date=2 April 1982|title=Why did mystery writer Agatha Christie mysteriously disappear?|url=https://www.straightdope.com/21341542/why-did-mystery-writer-agatha-christie-mysteriously-disappear|website=The Straight Dope|language=en|access-date=15 Januari 2021}}</ref> === Pernikahan kedua dan kehidupan selanjutnya: 1927–1976 === pado [[Januari]] [[1927]], Christie tampak sangat pucat saat sedang berlayar jo putri dan sekretarisnya ke [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria|Las Palmas]], [[Kepulauan Canaria]], untuak menyelesaikan proses pemulihannya nan ia jalani selama tiga bulan. Christie kamudian mengajukan petisi cerai pado April 1928, keputusan tasabuik kamudian manjadi mutlak pado Oktober 1928. Archie menikah jo Nancy Neele saminggu kamudian. Christie mempertahankan hak asuah putri mereka, Rosalind, dan juga mempertahankan nama belakang Christie untuak hasil karyanya. Dalam otobiografinya, Christie manyatoan, "sasudah sakit, datanglah kesedihan, keputusasaan, dan patah hati. indak paralu terus menuerus memikirkannya." pado 1928 Christie meninggalkan Inggris jo [[Orient Express]] ke [[Istanbul]] dan kamudian ke [[Bagdad]]. Saat berada Irak, dia bakawan jo [[Arkeologi|arkeolog]] Leonard Woolley dan bininyo, nan mengundangnya untuak baliak ke [[Penggalian (arkeologi)|penggalian]] mereka pado Februari 1930. pado perjalanan itu, ia bertemu jo saurang arkeolog nan tiga belas taun lebih muda darinya jo nama [[Max Mallowan]]. Dalam sabuah wawancara pado 1977, Mallowan mencaritokan pertemuan partamonyo jo Christie, katiko dia membawanya dan sekelompok turis dalam tur situs ekspedisinya di Irak. Christie dan Mallowan menikah di [[Edinburgh]] pado September 1930. Pernikahan mereka bertahan sampai kematian Christie pado [[1976]]. Dia menemani Mallowan dalam [[Penggalian (arkeologi)|ekspedisi arkeologinya]], dek karano itu beberapa novelnya bercarito di [[Timur Tengah]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The World This Weekend - Sir Max Mallowan|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/the-world-this-weekend--sir-max-mallowan/zh27rj6|website=BBC Archive|language=en|access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref> Novel lainnyo (seperti [[Hotel Majestic]]) bercarito di dan sekitar Torquay, tempat ia dibesarkan. Christie manggunoan pengalamannya dalam perjalanan kereta api internasional katiko manulih novel pado 1934 nan bajudul [[Pembunuhan di Orient Express|pambunuahan di Orient Express]]. The Pera Palace Hotel di Istanbul, mengklaim novel tasabuik ditulis di sana dan mempertahankan kamar Christie subagai peringatan bagi sang Panulih.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-19|title=(Turkish) Agatha Christie ve Kayıp 11 Gününün Gizemli Hikâyesi|url=https://blog.perapalace.com/en/story-of-pera/agatha-christie-and-the-story-of-her-lost-11-days/|website=Pera Palace Hotel|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref> Christie dan Mallowan tinggal di Chelsea, partamo di Cresswell Place dan kamudian di Sheffield Terrace. Kedua properti itu kini ditandai jo [[Plak biru|plakat biru]]. pado [[1934]], mereka membeli Winterbrook House di Winterbrook, sabuah dusun dekat Wallingford.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dame Agatha Christie & Sir Max Mallowan: Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Scheme|url=http://www.oxonblueplaques.org.uk/plaques/christie.html|website=www.oxonblueplaques.org.uk|access-date=2021-01-15|archive-date=2020-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529092532/http://www.oxonblueplaques.org.uk/plaques/christie.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ini kamudian manjadi tempat tinggal utama mereka selama sisa hidup mereka dan tempat Christie manulih banyak dari hasil karyanya. Rumah ini juga mamiliki plakat biru. Christie menjalani kehidupan nan tenang meskipun dikenal di Wallingford, dari 1951 hingga [[1976]] ia menjabat subagai presiden untuak [[teater amatir]] lokal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Sinodun Players, heritage|url=http://www.sinodunplayers.org.uk/w2011/heritage|website=www.sinodunplayers.org.uk|access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref> Pasangan itu kamudian membeli Greenway Estate nan berlokasi Devon subagai tempat tinggal musim panas pado 1938; properti terebut kamudian diberikan kapado ''National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty'' pado 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agatha's Greenway|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/greenway/features/agathas-greenway|website=National Trust|language=en|access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref> Christie banyak menghabiskan wakatu di Abney Hall, Cheshire, nan dimiliki dek saudara iparnya, James Watts. Ia juga manggunoan lokasi terebut subagai latar belakang seindaknya untuak dua carito, yaitu untuak carito pendek [[Skandal Perjamuan Natal]] dan novelnya [[Setelah Pemakaman|sasudah Pemakaman]]. Salah satu [[kompendium]] Christie mencatat bahwa "Abney manjadi inspirasi terbesar Agatha untuak kehidupan rumah pedesaan, jo semua pelayan dan keagungannya nan dituliskan ke dalam plot karya-karyanya."<ref>{{Cite book|last=VANESSA WAGSTAFF|date=2004|url=http://archive.org/details/agathachristiere00wags|title=AGATHA CHRISTIE: A READER'S COMPANION.|publisher=AURUM|isbn=978-1-84513-015-2|others=Internet Archive}}</ref> [[Berkas:Agatha Christie visits the Acropolis, 1958. (7893554162).jpg|jmpl|kiri|190px|Christe pado 1958]] Selama [[Perang Dunia II|parang Dunia II]], Christie bekerja di apotek di University College Hospital (UCH), London, di mana dia memperbarui pengetahuannya tentang racun. Novelnya selanjutnya nan bajudul [[Misteri Penginapan Tua]] merupakan hasil dari saran dek Harold Davis saurang kepala apoteker di UCH. pado [[1977]], sabuah kasus [[keracunan talium]] berhasil dipecahkan dek petugas medis Inggris nan telah mambaco buku Christie dan mengenali gejala nan telah digambarkan dibuku tasabuik.<ref>{{Cite web|last=NOV 2006|first=The Pharmaceutical Journal25|title=Thallium poisoning in fact and in fiction / Vexed question of the geographical origins of the meat-filled pasty / How illegal ch|url=https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/news-and-analysis/opinion/column/thallium-poisoning-in-fact-and-in-fiction-/-vexed-question-of-the-geographical-origins-of-the-meat-filled-pasty-/-how-illegal-ch/10002699.article|website=Pharmaceutical Journal|language=en|access-date=2021-01-15}}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=Juni 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-10-22|title=The poison prescribed by Agatha Christie: Thanks to the mystery|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/the-poison-prescribed-by-agatha-christie-thanks-to-the-mystery-writer-the-deadly-properties-of-thallium-sulphate-have-become-common-knowledge-corrected-1534450.html|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref> Badan intelijen Inggris, [[MI5]], menyelidiki Christie sasudah karakter bernama Major Bletchley muncul dalam karyanya pado 1941 nan bajudul [[N atau M?]], nan bercarito tentang perburuan terhadap [[kolom kelima]] nan mematikan di maso parang Inggris. MI5 prihatin bahwa Christie mamiliki [[mata-mata]] di pusat pemecah kode rahasia Inggris, Bletchley Park. Ketakutan agensi itu mereda katiko Christie memberi tahu temannya nan bernama Dilly Knox, "Saya terjebak di sana dalam perjalanan jo kereta api dari Oxford ke London dan membalas dendam jo memberikan nama tasabuik kapado salah satu karakter saya nan paliang indak menyenangkan."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-02-04|title=Agatha Christie was investigated by MI5 over Bletchley Park mystery|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/feb/04/agatha-christie-mi5-bletchley|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref> Christie terpilih subagai [[fellow]] untuak [[Royal Society of Literature]] pado [[1950]]. subagai tanda penghormatan untuak karya sastranya, Christie ditunjuk subagai [[Bintang Kekaisaran Britania Raya|Komandan Ordo Kerajaan Inggris]] (CBE) pado Penghargaan taun Baru [[1956]]. Dia adolah salah satu presiden [[Detection Club|Klub Deteksi]] dari [[1958]] sampai kematiannya pado [[1976]]. pado [[1961]], dia dianugerahi gelar [[Doctor of Letters|Doktor Sastra kehormatan]] dari [[Universitas Exeter]]. pado taun Baru 1971, dia dipromosikan manjadi ''[[Bintang Kekaisaran Britania Raya|Dame Commander]]'' (DBE). Dari 1971 hingga 1974, kesehatan Christie mulai menurun, tapi dia terus manulih. Novel terakhianya adolah [[Gerbang Nasib]] pado [[1973]]. manggunoan [[analisis isi]], peneliti asal Kanada mengatakan pado 2009 bahwa Christie mungkin mulai menderita panyakik [[Penyakit Alzheimer|Alzheimer]] atau [[demensia]] lainnyo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-04-03|title=Study claims Agatha Christie had Alzheimer's|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/apr/03/agatha-christie-alzheimers-research|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref> === Personalitas === pado [[1946]], Christie berkata tentang dirinya sendiri: "nan paliang saya indak suko adolah urang banyak, suara keras, gramofon dan bioskop. Saya indak suko rasa alkohol dan indak suko merokok. Saya menyukai matahari, laut, bunga, jalan-jalan, makanan aneh, olahraga, konser, teater, piano, dan juga menyulam."<ref>{{Cite news|date=1946-04-30|title=The Real AGATHA CHRISTIE|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17978243|newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954)|pages=6|access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref> Karya fiksi Christie mengandung beberapa karakter [[stereotipe]] nan indak pantas, tapi dalam kehidupan nyata banyak dari padonganan [[bias]]nya nan positif. sasudah empat taun London dilanda parang, Christie berharap untuak baliak ke [[Suriah]] suatu hari nanti, nan dia gambarkan subagai "negara subur nan lembut dan urang-urangnya nan sederhana, nan tahu bagaimana tertawa dan bagaimana manikmati hidup; mereka nan bisa menganggur dan tetap bahagia, dan nan mamiliki martabat, sopan santun, dan selera humor nan tinggi, dan kapado siapa kematian indak mengerikan."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-12-12|title=Welcome to www.agathachristie.com :: Find a story :: Come, Tell Me How You Live|url=http://us.agathachristie.com/site/find_a_story/stories/Come_Tell_Me_How_You_Live.php|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-01-15|archive-date=2007-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212060957/http://us.agathachristie.com/site/find_a_story/stories/Come_Tell_Me_How_You_Live.php|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> Christie adolah saurang nan religius, ia adolah anggota [[Gereja Inggris]] dan menghadiri gereja sacaro teratur. Ia menyimpan ''The Imitation of Christ'' di samping tempat laloknya. sasudah perceraiannya, dia berhenti mengambil sakramen persekutuan. ''Agatha Christie Trust For Children'' didirikan pado 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE AGATHA CHRISTIE TRUST FOR CHILDREN - Charity 260295|url=https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/?p_p_id=uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_regId=260295&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_subId=0|website=register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref> kamudian, tak lama sasudah kematian Christie, dana amal untuak peringatan kematiannya dibentuk untuak "membantu dua hal nan ia sukoi: urang tuo dan anak-anak". == Kematian dan warisan == === Kematian dan penguburan === [[Berkas:Murder She Wrote - geograph.org.uk - 673766.jpg|jmpl|kanan|100px|Makam Christe]] Christie meninggal jo damai pado 12 Januari 1976 saat ia baumua 85 taun, di rumahnya di Winterbrook House.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1976-01-12|title=1976: Crime writer Agatha Christie dies|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/12/newsid_4440000/4440120.stm|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref> katiko kematiannya diumumkan, dua [[Teater West End]], meredupkan lampu luar mereka untuak menghormatinya. Dia dimakamkan di dekat halaman gereja St Mary's, Cholsey, dalam sabuah lahan nan dia pilih jo suaminya sepuluh taun sabalunnya. Upacara pemakaman sederhana dihadiri dek sekitar 20 reporter surat kabar dan TV, beberapa telah melakukan perjalanan jauah dari Amerika Selatan. Tiga puluh karangan bunga menghiasi makam Christie, tamasuak satu dari para pemeran drama ''[[The Mousetrap]]'' dan satu nan bertuliskan "ateh nama banyak pembaca nan berterima kasih" nan diberikan dari Penerbit Buku Ulverscroft. Mallowan, nan menikah lagi pado 1977, meninggal pado 1978 dan dimakamkan di samping Christie.<ref>{{Cite web|title=St. Marys Cholsey {{!}} Agatha Christie|url=https://www.stmaryscholsey.org/history/agatha-christie/|website=www.stmaryscholsey.org|access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref> === Harta dan kepemilikan karyanya === Christie indak senang manjadi "buruh pekerja" dan juga karano alasan kebutuhan pajak maka ia mendirikan perusahaan nan bernama Agatha Christie Limited pado 1955. Dimana perusahaan ini memegang hak ateh hasil karyanya. pado sekitar 1959, ia memindahkan hak ateh rumahnya jo luas 278 hektar kapado putrinya, Rosalind Hicks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rosalind Hicks|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1476488/Rosalind-Hicks.html|website=The Telegraph|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> pado 1968, katiko Christie hampir baumua 80 taun, dia menjual 51% saham dari Agatha Christie Limited (dan karya nan dimilikinya) kapado ''Booker Books,'' nan kamudian pado 1977 meningkatkan kepemilikannya manjadi 64%. Agatha Christie Limited masih mamiliki [[hak cipta]] untuak lebih dari delapan puluh novel dan carito pendek, sembilan belas [[Sandiwara panggung|drama]], dan hampir empat puluh film TV di seluruh dunia.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=Acorn Media buys stake in Agatha Christie estate|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/feb/29/acorn-media-bys-stake-agatha-christie|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> pado akhia 1950-an, Christie dikatakan telah menghasilkan sekitar £ 100.000 (kira-kira setara jo £ 2.400.000 pado 2019) per taun. Christie menjual sekitar 300 juta buku selama hidupnya. pado saat kematiannya pado 1976, "dia adolah novelis terlaris dalam sejarah."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bernthal|first=J. C.|date=2016-09-02|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=gYL2DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Queering Agatha Christie: Revisiting the Golden Age of Detective Fiction|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-33533-9|language=en}}</ref> Salah satu perkiraan pendapekan totalnya dari lebih dari setengah abad manulih adolah $ 20 juta (sekitar $ 89,9 juta pado taun 2019).<ref>{{Cite news|date=1976-01-26|title=Books: Dame Agatha: Queen of the Maze|url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,913961-1,00.html|newspaper=Time|language=en-US|issn=0040-781X|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> subagai hasil dari perencanaannya, wasiatnya hanya menyisakan £ 106.683 (kira-kira setara jo £ 773.000 pado 2019) bersih, nan sebagian besar diberikan kapado suami dan putrinya. Saham sejumlah 35% nan tersisa dari Agatha Christie Limited diwarisi dek Hicks. Hicks kamudian menjaga karya, citra, dan warisan amaknyo sampai kematiannya 28 taun kamudian. jo kepemilikan perusahaan tasabuik, keluarga Cristie dapek menunjuk 50% dari dewan dan ketua, dan mempertahankan hak veto ateh versi terbaru, dan juga publikasi ulang.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agatha Christie begins new chapter after pounds 10m selff. - Free Online Library|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Agatha+Christie+begins+new+chapter+after+pounds+10m+selff.-a060775079|website=www.thefreelibrary.com|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> pado 2004, obituari Hicks di ''[[The Telegraph]]'' mencatat bahwa dia telah "bertekad untuak tetap setia pado visi amaknyo dan untuak melindungi integritas ciptaannya" dan indak menyetujui aktivitas "''merchandising''". sasudah kematiannya pado [[28 Oktober]] [[2004]], Greenway Estate diberikan kapado putranya Mathew Prichard. sasudah kematian ayah tirinya pado 2005, Prichard menyumbangkan Greenway dan isinya ke National Trust.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-09-25|title=The Big Question: How big is the Agatha Christie industry, and what|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/big-question-how-big-agatha-christie-industry-and-what-explains-her-enduring-appeal-1631296.html|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Keluarga dan perwalian keluarga Christie, tamasuak cicitnya, James Prichard, terus mamiliki saham sebesar 36% di Agatha Christie Limited, [80] dan tetap terlibat jo perusahaan tasabuik. pado 2020, James Prichard manjadi ketua perusahaan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Agatha Christie Limited|url=http://www.agathachristie.com/about-agatha-christie-limited|website=www.agathachristie.com|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Mathew Prichard juga memegang hak cipta ateh beberapa karya sastra neneknya tamasuak [[The Mousetrap]]. Karya Christie terus dikembangkan dalam berbagai adaptasi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-14|title=Why do we still love the 'cosy crime' of Agatha Christie?|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/agatha-christie-cosy-crime-novels-murder-mystery-writer-why-we-love-a7942901.html|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> pado 1998, Booker menjual sahamnya di Agatha Christie Limited (pado saat itu menghasilkan £ 2.100.000, kira-kira setara jo £ 3.700.000 dalam pendapekan taunan 2019) seharga £ 10.000.000 (kurang lebih setara jo £ 17.700.000 pado 2019) kapado ''Chorion'', nan portofolio Panulihnya tamasuak [[Enid Blyton]] dan Dennis Wheatley. pado Februari 2012, Chorion mulai menjual aset sastranya, nan tamasuak penjualan 64% saham Chorion di Agatha Christie Limited kapado ''Acorn Media'' UK. pado 2014, ''RLJ Entertainment Inc.'' (RJLE) mengakuisisi Acorn Media UK, menamainya Acorn Media Enterprises. pado akhia [[Februari 2014]], media manyatoan bahwa [[BBC]] telah memperdek hak TV eksklusif untuak karya Christie di Inggris (sabalunnya jo [[Independent Television|ITV]]) dan berencana untuak bekerja sama jo Acorn untuak menyiarkan produksi terbarunya untuak ulang taun ke-125 kelahiran Christie pado 2015. subagai bagian dari kesepakatan itu, BBC menyiarkan ''Partners in Crime,''<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=partners in crime|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02vf6rn/episodes/guide|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> dan ''And Then There Were None'',<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=and then there were none|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06v2v52|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> keduanya pado 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-08-24|title=BBC One mines Agatha Christie novels for seven more TV dramas|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-37174913|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Produksi selanjutnya tamasuak ''The Witness for the Prosecution'' tapi rencana untuak menyiarkan ''Ordeal by Innocence'' pado Natal 2017 ditunda karano kontroversi dari salah satu pemeran.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=the witness for the prosecution|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b086z959|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-01-05|title=Ed Westwick removed from BBC Agatha Christie drama Ordeal By Innocence|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-42577505|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Karya tasabuik kamudian ditanankan pado April 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Ordeal by Innocence|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b09ytrgg|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Adaptasi tiga bagian dari [[Pembunuhan ABC|pambunuahan ABC]] nan dibintangi dek John Malkovich dan Rupert Grint mulai syuting pado Juni 2018 dan partamo kali disiarkan pado Desember 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=All-star cast announced for new BBC One Agatha Christie thriller The ABC Murders|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2018/abc-murders|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The ABC Murders|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/the-abc-murders|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Adaptasi dua bagian dari ''The Pale Horse'' disiarkan di [[BBC1]] pado [[Februari 2020]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Purkiss|first=Brian|date=2019-06-24|title=BBC One announces new Agatha Christie thriller The Pale Horse|url=http://www.mammothscreen.com/company-news/bbc-one-announces-new-agatha-christie-thriller-the-pale-horse/|website=Mammoth Screen|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-18|archive-date=2020-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925042653/http://www.mammothscreen.com/company-news/bbc-one-announces-new-agatha-christie-thriller-the-pale-horse/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Death Comes as the End|''Ledakan Dendam'']] akan manjadi adaptasi BBC berikuiknya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hirons|first=Paul|date=2018-12-29|title=Death Comes As The End to be the next BBC Agatha Christie adaptation|url=https://thekillingtimestv.wordpress.com/2018/12/29/death-comes-as-the-end-to-be-the-next-bbc-agatha-christie-adaptation/|website=The Killing Times|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> == Karya dan legasi == === Karya fiksi === ==== Hercule Poirot dan Miss Marple ==== Buku partamo Christie nan ditabikan bajudul [[Misteri di Styles]] dirilis pado [[1920]] dan memperkenalkan detektif [[Hercule Poirot]], nan muncul dalam tiga puluh tiga novelnya dan lebih dari lima puluh carito pendek. carito Poirot dilanjutkan dek Sophie Hannah jo karyanya nan bajudul ''The Monogram Murders'', ''Closed Casket'', dan ''The Mystery of Three Quarters''. sasudah bertaun-taun, Christie kamudian bosan jo Poirot, seperti nan dirasakan [[Arthur Conan Doyle|Conan Doyle]] jo [[Sherlock Holmes]]. pado akhia 1930-an, Christie manulih dalam buku hariannya bahwa dia menganggap Poirot "indak tertahankan", dan pado taun 1960-an dia merasa Poriot adolah "urang nan egosentris". indak seperti Conan Doyle, dia menolak untuak membunuh detektifnya saat dia masih populer.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gross|first=John J.|date=2006|url=http://archive.org/details/newoxfordbooklit00gros_551|title=The new Oxford book of literary anecdotes|publisher=Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-280468-6|others=Library Genesis}}</ref> [[Miss Marple|Miss Jane Marple]] diperkenalkan dalam serangkaian carito pendek nan mulai ditabikan pado Desember 1927 dan kamudian kumpulan cerpennya diterbutkan jo judul [[Tiga Belas Kasus|The Thirteen Problems.]] Marple adolah perawan tua sopan nan memecahkan kejahatan manggunoan analogi kehidupan desa Inggris. Christie berkata, "Miss Marple sama sekali bukan gambaran dari nenek saya; Miss Marple jauah lebih cerewet daripado nenek saya dan juga saurang [[perawan tua]]," tapi otobiografinya menetapkan hubungan nan kuat antara karakter Miss Marple dan nenek tiri Christie, Margaret Mille. Baik Marple dan Miller "selalu mengharapkan nan terburuk dari semua urang dan segalanya, dan nan, jo akurasi nan menakutkan, biasanya terbukti benar." Marple muncul dalam dua belas novel dan dua puluh carito pendek.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2008-09-15|title=Dusty clues to Christie unearthed|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7612000/7612534.stm|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Selama [[Perang Dunia II|parang Dunia II]], Christie manulih dua novel nan bajudul [[Tirai (novel)|Tirai]] dan [[Pembunuhan Terpendam|pambunuahan Terpendam]], masing-masing menampilkan Hercule Poirot dan Miss Marple. Kedua buku itu disegel di dalam lemari besi bank, dan dia memberikan hak ciptanya putrinya dan suaminya subagai [[asuransi]]. Christie menderita serangan jantung pado [[1974]] dan sasudah itu dia indak dapek manulih. Putrinya mengizinkan penerbitan Tirai pado [[1975]], dan pambunuahan Terpendam ditabikan sacaro [[anumerta]] pado [[1976]]. Publikasi ini mengikuiki keberhasilan film pambunuahan di Orient Express pado [[1974]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=susanvaughan|date=2018-01-25|title=Dame Agatha and Her Orient Express|url=https://mainecrimewriters.com/2018/01/25/dame-agatha-and-her-orient-express/|website=Maine Crime Writers|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Sesaat sabalun penerbitan [[Tirai (novel)|Tirai]], Poirot manjadi tokoh fiksi partamo nan mamiliki obituari di ''[[The New York Times]]'', nan dicetak pado halaman satu pado [[6 Agustus]] [[1975]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Poirot's Obituary|url=http://www.poirot.us/obituary.php|website=www.poirot.us|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Lask|first=Thomas|date=1975-08-06|title=Hercule Poirot Is Dead; Famed Belgian Detective (Published 1975)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/06/archives/hercule-poirot-is-dead-famed-belgian-detective-hercule-poirot-the.html|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Christie indak pernah manulih novel atau carito pendek nan menampilkan Poirot dan Miss Marple sacaro bersamaan. Dalam rekaman nan ditemukan dan dirilis pado [[2008]], Christie mengungkapkan alasannya: "Hercule Poirot, saurang nan sangat egois, indak suko diajari atau seiberi saran dari saurang perawan tua. Hercule Poirot - detektif profesional - sama sekali indak akan betah di dunia Miss Marple."<ref name=":0" /> pado [[2013]], keluarga Christie mendukung peluncuran carito baru Poirot jo judul ''The Monogram Murders'', nan ditulis dek Panulih Inggris Sophie Hannah.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-04-03|title=The Monogram Murders {{!}} Agatha Christie - The official information and community site|url=http://www.agathachristie.com/the-monogram-murders/|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-01-18|archive-date=2015-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403183934/http://www.agathachristie.com/the-monogram-murders/|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> Hannah kamudian manabikan dua lagi carito misteri Poirot, ''Closed Casket'' pado [[2016]] dan ''The Mystery of Three Quarters'' pado [[2018]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mystery of Three Quarters|url=https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-mystery-of-three-quarters-sophie-hannah|website=HarperCollins|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> ==== Plot carito ==== Christie telah disebut subagai ''Duchess of Death'', ''Mistress of Mystery'', dan juga ''Queen of Crime''. Di awal kariernya, saurang reporter mencatat bahwa "plot caritonya sangat realistik, masuk akal, dan selalu baru." Menurut Hannah," Di awal setiap novel, dia menunjukkan kapado kita situasi nan tampaknya indak mungkin dan kita kamudian bertanya-tanya 'Bagaimana ini bisa terjadi?' kamudian, perlahan, dia mengungkapkan bagaimana nan indak mungkin, adolah satu-satunya hal nan bisa terjadi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=An interview with Sophie Hannah|url=http://www.agathachristie.com/news/2016/an-interview-with-sophie-hannah|website=www.agathachristie.com|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Dia mengembangkan teknik bercaritonya selama apa nan disebut maso keemaso untuak carito fiksi detektif. Panulih Dilys Winn menyebut Christie subagai ''doyenne of Coziness.''<ref>{{cite book|last=Winn|first=Dilys|date=|year=1977|url=https://archive.org/details/murderinkmystery00winnrich|title=Murder Ink: The Mystery Reader's Companion|location=New York|publisher=Workman Publishing Company|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/murderinkmystery00winnrich/page/3 3]|pages=|url-status=live}}</ref> pado akhianya, nan kamudian manjadi ciri khas karya Christie, karakter detektifnya biasa mangumpuaan tersangka nan masih hidup ke dalam satu ruangan, menjelaskan jalannya penalaran deduktif mereka, dan mengungkapkan pihak nan basalah; ada pengecualian di mana diserahkan kapado pihak nan basalah untuak menjelaskan semuanya (seperti [[Sepuluh Anak Negro]] dan [[Malam Tanpa Akhir|Malam Tanpa akhia]]).<ref name="me">{{cite journal|last=Mezel|first=Kathy|date=2007|title=Spinsters, Surveillance, and Speech: The Case of Miss Marple, Miss Mole, and Miss Jekyll|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-literature_winter-2007_30_2/page/103|journal=The Journal of Modern Literature|volume=30|issue=2|pages=103–20|doi=10.2979/JML.2007.30.2.103|jstor=4619330|s2cid=162411534}}</ref> Christie indak membatehi dirinya pado carito berlatar belakang di desa-desa Inggris. Pilihan latar belakang lainnyo tamasuak di sabuah pulau kecil ([[Sepuluh Anak Negro]]), pesawat terbang ([[Maut di Udara]]), kereta api ([[Pembunuhan di Orient Express|pambunuahan di Orient Express]]), kapal uap ([[Pembunuhan di Sungai Nil|pambunuahan di Sungai Nil]]), [[Apartemen|flat]] di London ([[Kartu-Kartu di Meja]]), dan juga sabuah resor di Hindia Barat ([[Misteri Karibia]]), ataupun juga di penggalian arkeologi ([[Pembunuhan di Mesopotamia|pambunuahan di Mesopotamia]]). Walaupun lingkaran potensial tersangka biasanya tertutup dan intim, seperti anggota keluarga, teman, pelayan, rekan bisnis, ataupun sesama pelancong. Banyak dari karakternya mamiliki [[stereotipe]] ([[femme fatale]], polisi nan keras, pelayan nan setia, kolonel nan membosankan). untuak memberikan alur carito nan manarik, penyamaran dan rahasia banyak ada di karyanya. Motif nan paliang sering digunakan adolah uang, "Ada sangat saketek pembunuh di karyanya nan manikmati proses pambunuahan tanpa motif lainnyo."<ref name="be">{{cite journal|last=Beehler|first=Sharon A.|date=1998|title=Close vs. Closed Reading: Interpreting the Clues|url=|journal=The English Journal|volume=77|issue=6|pages=39–43|doi=10.2307/818612|jstor=818612}}</ref> Profesor [[Farmakologi]] Michael C. Gerald mencatat bahwa "di lebih dari setengah novelnya, satu atau lebih korbannya diracuni." Senjata, pisau, garrottes, tripwires, instrumen tumpul, dan bahkan kapak juga digunakan dalam caritonya, tapi "Christie indak pernah manggunoan cara mekanis atau ilmiah rumit untuak menjelaskan caritonya," menurut Panulih John Curran. Banyak dari petunjuknya merupakan benda-benda nan dapek diketemukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, seperti kalender, [[cangkir]] kopi, bunga, botol bir, dan juga [[perapian]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Curran|url=https://www.harpercollins.com/blogs/authors/john-curran|website=HarperCollins|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Menurut Panulih P. D. James, Christie cenderung manjadian karakter nan paliang indak disukoi subagai pihak nan basalah. Pembaca nan waspado terkadang dapek mengidentifikasi pelakunya jo mengidentifikasi tersangka nan paliang indak mungkin.<ref>{{Cite book|last=James|first=P. D.|date=2009-12-01|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=fcGke2wlt0UC&pg=PT26&redir_esc=y|title=Talking About Detective Fiction|publisher=Knopf Canada|isbn=978-0-307-39882-6|language=en}}</ref> Christie mengejek komentar tasabuik dalam kata pengantar novelnya nan bajudul [[Kartu-Kartu di Meja|Kartu-kartu di Meja]]: "Temukan urang nan paliang indak mungkin melakukan kejahatan dan dalam sembilan dari sepuluh kali tugas anda selesai. karano saya indak ingin pembaca setia saya membuang buku ini karano indak puas, saya lebih suko memperingatkan mereka sabalunnya bahwa ini bukan jenis buku itu. Hanya ada empat karakter di buku ini dan salah satu dari mereka, jo keadaan nan tepat bisa manjadi pembunuhnya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Maslin|first=Janet|date=2009-12-06|title=Mysteries of Crime Fiction? P. D. James Is on the Case (Published 2009)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/07/books/07book.html|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Card on the table|url=https://www.coursehero.com/file/6346626/Cards-On-The-Table-By-Agatha-Christie/|website=www.coursehero.com|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Di acara ''Desert Island Disc'' pado [[2007]], Brian Aldiss mengatakan Christie telah maagiah taunyo bahwa dia manulih bukunyo hinggo bab akhia, kamudian mamutuihan siapa tersangka nan paliang indak mungkin, sasudah itu inyo akan baliak dan mambuek perubahan nan diparalukan untuak "membingkai" urang itu . Berdasarkan studi ateh buku kerjanya, Curran menjelaskan bagaimana Christie partamo-tama mambuek karakter untuak karyanya, memilih latar belakang, dan kamudian mambuek daftar adegan di mana petunjuk akan diberikan. sasudah itu, urutan adegan akan direvisi saat dia mengembangkan plotnya. Christie harus mengetahui karakter si pembunuh sabalun urutan caritonya dapek ia selesaikan, kamudian inyo mulai mengetik atau mendiktekan draf partamo novelnya. Sebagian besar pekerjaan, terutama dialog, dilakukan di kapalonyo sabalun malatakannyo di ateh karateh.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Desser Island Disc|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0093tnd|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Pado [[2013]], 600 anggota dari ''Crime Writers 'Association'' mamiliah [[Pembunuhan atas Roger Ackroyd|pambunuahan ateh Roger Ackroyd]] subagai "carito detektif tabaiak ... nan pernah ditulih".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-11-06|title=Agatha Christie's The Murder of Roger Ackroyd voted best crime novel|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/agatha-christie-s-murder-roger-ackroyd-voted-best-crime-novel-ever-8923395.html|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Kritikus Sutherland Scott manyatoan, "Kok Agatha Christie indak maagiah kontribusi lain pado literatur fiksi detektif, inyo masih pantas mendapekkan ucapan tarimo kasih karano manulih novel ko."<ref>{{cite book|last=Scott|first=Sutherland|date=|year=1953|url=|title=Blood in Their Ink|work=Cited in Fitzgibbon (1980). p. 19.|location=London|publisher=Stanley Paul|isbn=|pages=|url-status=live}}</ref> Pado [[September 2015]], untuak mamparingati ulang taunnyo nan ka-125, [[Sepuluh Anak Negro]] dinobatkan subagai "Christie Favorit di Dunia" dalam pamiliahan suaro nan disponsori dek keluarganyo. Pado kritikus pun satuju jo hasil tasabuik dan bakato, "Christie kali ko berhasil menaklukan kecerdikannya surang ... sahinggo indak mangajuikan kalau sakironyo karyanyo ko mandapekkan ulasan nan elok."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Flood|first=Alison|date=2015-09-01|title=And Then There Were None declared world's favourite Agatha Christie novel|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/sep/01/and-then-there-were-none-declared-worlds-favourite-agatha-christie-novel|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> ==== Stereotipe karakter dan rasisme ==== Christie banyak manggunoan stereotipe katiko mandeskripsikan karakternyo, tarutamo sabalun 1945 (katiko sikap mode itu labiah umum diekspresikan di muko umum), khususnyo stereotipe nan bakaitan jo [[Italia]], [[Yahudi]], dan non-Eropa. subagai contoh, inyo mandeskripsikan "laki-laki keturunan [[Ibrani]] nan pucek jo hiduang bengkok, mamakai perhiasan nan agak flamboyan" dalam carito pendeknyo nan bajudul ''The Soul of the Croupier'' dari koleksi ''[[Mr. Quin yang Misterius|Mr. Quin nan Misterius]]''. Pado 1947, [[Liga Anti-Fitnah]] di Amerika Serikat mangiriman surek pangaduan resmi kapado penerbit Christie di Amerika yaitu [[Dodd, Mead and Company]], manganai [[antisemitisme]] nan dirasoan dalam karyanyo. Agen Christie kamudian manulih kapado perwakilannyo di Amerika Serikat nan kamudian maagiah otorisasi kapado penerbit di Amerika Serikat untuak mailangan kato '[[Yahudi]]' katiko kato itu mengacu pado karakter nan indak lamak tabaco di karyanyo.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Allmendinger|first=Blake|date=2019-01-02|title=The erasure of race in Agatha Christie’s And Then There Were None|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/0895769X.2018.1469087|journal=ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews|volume=32|issue=1|pages=60–64|doi=10.1080/0895769X.2018.1469087|issn=0895-769X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=García|first=Beatriz|date=2020-08-27|title=Agatha Christie under the anti-racist spotlight: Her most famous novel changes titles|url=https://aldianews.com/articles/culture/literature/agatha-christie-under-anti-racist-spotlight-her-most-famous-novel|website=AL DÍA News|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Jim Davis|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00rk8sp|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Taube|first=Michael|date=2020-01-23|title=Taube: Was Agatha Christie an anti-Semite?|url=https://www.cjnews.com/perspectives/opinions/taube-was-agatha-christie-an-anti-semite|website=The Canadian Jewish News|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Dalam karyanyo nan bajudul ''[[Rumah Gema]]'', nan ditabikan pado [[1946]], salah satu karakternyo adolah "saurang wanita Yahudi ''Whitechapel'' jo rambuik dicat dan basuaro mode [[Rallidae|buruang]].. saurang padusi ketek jo hiduang gadang, rambuik bawarna merah dan suaro nan indak manyanangkan untuak didanga". Christie manggambarkan babarapo karakter "asiang" subagai korban, atau calon korban, di tangan panjahek laki-laki Inggrih, mode Olga Seminoff (''[[Pesta Hallowe'en]]'') dan Katrina Reiger (dalam carito pendek bajudul ''How Does Your Garden Grow?''). Karakter Yahudi acok dianggap "asiang" (mode Oliver Manders dalam ''[[Tragedi Tiga Babak]]''), tapi mereka jarang manjadi pelakunyo.<ref>{{Citation|last=Pendergast|first=Bruce|title=Everyman's Guide to the Mysteries of Agatha Christie|page=399|year=2004|location=Victoria, BC, Canada|publisher=Trafford Publishing|isbn=1-4120-2304-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=On the mystery of Agatha Christie and reshaping childhood heroes|url=https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2019/11/the-mystery-of-agatha-christie-reshaping-childhood-heroes|website=The Chronicle|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Bukunyo nan bajudul ''[[Sepuluh Anak Negro]]'' diganti manjadi ''Lalu Semuanya Lenyap''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Post|first=The Jakarta|title=N-word dropped from French edition of Agatha Christie novel|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2020/08/27/n-word-dropped-from-french-edition-of-agatha-christie-novel.html|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> ==== Detektif Lainnyo ==== Salain Poirot jo Marple, Christie pun mambuek detektif amatir Thomas Beresford jo bininyo, Prudence "Tuppence" née Cowley, nan muncua dalam ampek novel dan ciek kumpulan carito pendek nan ditabikan antaro [[1922]] jo [[1974]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Crompton|first=Sarah|date=2015-07-20|title=Perfect partners in crime: Tommy and Tuppence|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jul/20/partners-in-crime-tommy-and-tuppence-agatha-christie|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Indak samo jo detektif lainnyo, Beresford baumua di awal duo puluahan katiko diperkenalkan di ''The Secret Adversary'' dan ikuik batambah umua basamoan jo Christie. Inyo memperlakukan carito mereka jo santuahan nan labiah ringan, maagiah mereka "''dash and verve''" nan indak dikagumi sacaro universal dek kritikus. Petualangan akhianyo bajudul ''Postern of Fate'' adolah novel akhia dari Christie.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1953-04-10|title=Richard Attenborough and Sheila Sim in 'PARTNERS IN CRIME'|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/fc21f2c47c4841c9897476bf6d2c20af|newspaper=The Radio Times|language=en-GB|issue=1535|pages=18|issn=0033-8060|access-date=2021-01-19|archive-date=2019-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221222447/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/fc21f2c47c4841c9897476bf6d2c20af|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Tommy and Tuppence were Agatha Christie's greatest creation|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11751127/Why-Tommy-and-Tuppence-were-Agatha-Christies-greatest-creation.html|website=The Telegraph|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-06-29|title=David Walliams on playing 'damsel in distress' in Agatha Christie drama|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-33310764|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> [[Mr. Harley Quin|Harley Quin]] adolah karakter "nan paliang indak [[ortodoks]]" dari detektif fiksi dek Christie. Terinspirasi dek kasih sanan Christie tahadok tokoh-tokoh dari ''Harlequinade'', Quin jo kamampuan semi-supernatural acok bakarajo jo apak-apak tuo [[konvensi]]onal banamo Satterthwaite. Pasangan ko muncua dalam ampek baleh carito pendek, duo baleh di antaronyo dikumpuaan pado 1930 manjadi [[Mr. Quin yang Misterius|Mr. Quin nan Misterius]]. Mallowan manggambarkan kisah-kisah ko subagai "produk imajinasi aneh dek Cristie." Satterthwaite pun muncua dalam novel Tragedi Tiga Babak, dan sabuah carito pendek bajudul pambunuahan di Lorong nan kaduonyo menghadirkan Poirot.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Harley Quin Series by Agatha Christie|url=https://www.goodreads.com/series/98728-harley-quin|website=www.goodreads.com|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Afternoon reading|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00tpsml|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Karakter lainnyo nan kurang tanamo adolah [[Parker Pyne]], saurang pensiunan pegawai nagari nan manolong urang nan indak bahagia jo caro nan indak konvensional. Duo baleh carito pendeknyo nan bajudul [[Parker Pyne Menyelidiki]] ditabikan pado [[1934]]. Caritonyo nan paliang diingek adolah ''The Case of the Discontented Soldier'', nan manampilkan Ariadne Oliver, "potret diri Agatha Christie nan lucu dan menyindir". Salamo babarapo dekade barikuiknyo, Oliver muncul baliak dalam tujuah novel, nan dimano inyo acok manolong Poirot.<ref>{{Cite web|title=American Tribute to Agatha Christie|url=http://home.insightbb.com/~jsmarcum/agatha30.htm|website=home.insightbb.com|access-date=2021-01-19|archive-date=2018-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018115756/http://home.insightbb.com/~jsmarcum/agatha30.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=The Case of the Discontented Soldier|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0506918/|date=1982-10-05|accessdate=2021-01-19|first=William|last=Gaunt|first2=Angela|last2=Easterling|first3=Maurice|last3=Denham|first4=Lally|last4=Bowers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=www.reviewingtheevidence.com {{!}} PARKER PYNE INVESTIGATES, by Agatha Christie|url=http://www.reviewingtheevidence.com/review.html?id=6346|website=www.reviewingtheevidence.com|access-date=2021-01-19|archive-date=2022-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706184923/http://www.reviewingtheevidence.com/review.html?id=6346|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==== Sandiwara Pangguang ==== Pado [[1928]], Michael Morton maadaptasi [[Pembunuhan atas Roger Ackroyd|pambunuahan ateh Roger Ackroyd]] untuak sandiwara pangguang jo judul ''Alibi''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1932-02-27|title=IRVING BERLIN FINDS EAST SIDE CHANGED; Impressed by Visit to Boys Club -- Plays His Tunes, Learns Old Ones Are Best Liked. (Published 1932)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1932/02/27/archives/irving-berlin-finds-east-side-changed-impressed-by-visit-to-boys.html|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Drama tasabuik mandapekkan respons nan elok, tapi Christie indak manyukoi parubahan karyanyo tasabuik. Inyo kamudian mulai manulih untuak sandiwara pangguang. Karya pangguangnyo nan partamo adolah [[Black Coffee (drama)|''Black Coffee'']], nan mendapek ulasan rancak katiko dibukak di [[West End of London|West End]] pado akhia [[1930]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Coffee|url=https://www.concordtheatricals.com/p/1120/black-coffee|website=Concord Theatricals|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Inyo kamudian malanjuikannyo jo adaptasi novel detektifnyo nan bajudul ''[[And Then There Were None (drama 1943)|And Then There Were None]]'' pado [[1943]], ''[[Appointment with Death (drama)|Appointment with Death]]'' pado [[1945]], dan [[The Hollow (drama)|''The Hollow'']] pado [[1951]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=And Then There Were None (Play) Plot & Characters|url=https://stageagent.com/shows/play/15073/and-then-there-were-none|website=StageAgent|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Appointment With Death|url=https://www.concordtheatricals.com/p/1974/appointment-with-death|website=Concord Theatricals|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Hollow|url=https://www.concordtheatricals.com/p/1385/the-hollow|website=Concord Theatricals|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Pado [[1950-an]], "teater ... manarik banyak perhatian Christie." Inyo kamudian maadaptasi drama radio pendeknyo manjadi [[The Mousetrap]], nan dimainkan perdana di West End pado [[25 November]] [[1952]] dan diproduksi dek Peter Saunders.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://uk.the-mousetrap.co.uk/|website=The Mousetrap|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-11-20|title=The Mousetrap at 60: why is this the world's longest-running play?|url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/nov/20/mousetrap-60-years-agatha-christie|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Editors|first=History com|title="The Mousetrap" opens in London|url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mousetrap-opens-in-london|website=HISTORY|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Inyo indak mamiliki harapan nan terlalu tinggi untuak drama tasabuik, mayakini baso karyanyo indak akan dimainkan labiah dari delapan bulan. Drama ko alah mambuek sajarah di dalam dunia teater, mamentasan penampilan ka 27.500 pado September 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brantley|first=Ben|date=2012-01-26|title=London Theater Journal: Comfortably Mousetrapped|url=https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/26/london-theater-journal-comfortably-mousetrapped/|website=ArtsBeat|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-11-20|title=The Mousetrap at 60: why is this the world's longest-running play?|url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/nov/20/mousetrap-60-years-agatha-christie|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The History|url=https://uk.the-mousetrap.co.uk/the-history/|website=The Mousetrap|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-01-18|archive-date=2019-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121315/https://uk.the-mousetrap.co.uk/the-history/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Drama tasabuik ditutuik pado [[Maret 2020]], katiko sadoalah bioskop di Inggrih ditutuik karano [[pandemi]] [[koronavirus]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Limited|first=London Theatre Direct|date=2020-03-17|title=The West End and UK Theatre venues shut down until further notice due to coronavirus|url=https://www.londontheatredirect.com/news/the-west-end-and-uk-theatre-venues-shut-down-until-further-notice-due-to-coronavirus|website=www.londontheatredirect.com|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Thompson|first=Jessie|date=2020-06-10|title=The London theatres that are closed due to coronavirus|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/theatre/london-theatres-west-end-closed-coronavirus-a4388676.html|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Pado [[1953]], inyo manciptaan [[Witness for the Prosecution (drama)|''Witness for the Prosecution'']]. Drama tasabuik diproduksi Broadway dan berhasil mamanangan penghargaan ''New York Drama Critics 'Circle'' untuak drama asiang paliang rancak[[1954]] dan mendapekkan Penghargaan Edgar dari Mystery Writers of America.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pratt|first=Sean|title=Witness for the Prosecution {{!}} SBIFF|url=https://sbiff.org/witness-for-the-prosecution/|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Kamudian, drama pangguang [[Spider's Web (drama)|Spider's Web]] nan marupoan karya original nan ditulih untuak aktris [[Margaret Lockwood]] ateh permintaannyo, dimainkan perdana pado [[1954]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alley Theatre Official Website - Agatha Christie's Spider's Web|url=https://www.alleytheatre.org/plays/production-detail/spiders-web|website=www.alleytheatre.org|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Production of Spider’s Web {{!}} Theatricalia|url=https://theatricalia.com/play/442/spiders-web/production/p9r|website=theatricalia.com|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Inyo pun panulih drama wanita partamo nan mampunyoi tigo drama nan dimainkan sacaro basamo-samo di [[Teater West End|West End]]. Tigo drama tasabuik adolah ''[[The Mousetrap]]'', ''Witness for the Prosecution'' dan ''Spider's Web.''<ref>{{Cite news|last=Phukan|first=Vikram|date=2018-12-04|title=Everyone loves an old-fashioned murder mystery|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/everyone-loves-an-old-fashioned-murder-mystery/article25664054.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Christie bakato, "Drama jauah labiah mudah untuak ditulis daripado buku, karano awak bisa mancaliaknyo di mato pikiran awak surang dan indak tahambek dek sadoalah deskripsi nan ado dalam sabuah buku nan kamudian mambuek awak untuak mangarati apo nan tajadi." Dalam sabuah surek kapado anak padusinyo, Christie mangatokan manjadi Panulih naskah "sangaik manyanangkan!".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sullivan|first=Brian|date=2016-09-05|title=Content Strategy of Agatha Christie|url=https://medium.com/big-design-magazine/content-strategy-of-agatha-christie-34156f309007|website=Medium|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ro|first=Christine|title=Agatha Christie shaped how the world sees Britain|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20180907-agatha-christie-shaped-how-the-world-sees-britain|website=www.bbc.com|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=An Introduction to “The Collection” – Agatha Christie’s Lost Plays|url=https://www.breakingcharacter.com/home/2018/11/27/an-introduction-to-the-collection-agatha-christies-lost-plays|website=Breaking Character|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=M. A.|first=Literature|last2=B. A.|first2=Creative Writing|title=Yes, Agatha Christie Wrote Plays, Too|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/agatha-christie-mystery-plays-2713615|website=ThoughtCo|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> ==== Subagai Mary Westmacott ==== Christie manabikan anam novel jo manggunoan [[Nama pena|nama]] Mary Westmacott, namo samaran nan maagiahnyo kebebasan untuak manjalajahi "imajinasinyo nan paliang pribadi dan baharago". Buku-buku ko biasonyo mendapek ulasan nan labiah rancak daripado fiksi detektif dan thrillernyo. Novelnyo nan bajudul ''[[Giant's Bread]]'' ditabikan pado [[1930]], nan dimano ado saurang reviewer untuak ''[[The New York Times]]'' manulih, "bukunyo jauah di ateh rato-rato fiksi wakatu itu."<ref>{{Cite news|date=1934-12-09|title=A Life in Retrospect; UNFINISHED PORTRAIT. By Mary Westmacott. 323 pp. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Co., Inc. $2. (Published 1934)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/12/09/archives/a-life-in-retrospect-unfinished-portrait-by-mary-westmacott-323-pp.html|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bosman|first=Julie|date=2008-09-14|title=Tapes Offer New Clues to a Master of Mystery (Published 2008)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/books/15agatha.html|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Rothstein|first=Mervyn|date=1990-09-15|title=All Aboard! The Agatha Christie Centennial Is Rolling (Published 1990)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/15/arts/all-aboard-the-agatha-christie-centennial-is-rolling.html|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> pado [[1949]], sasudah ampek novel Westmacott partamonyo, saurang jurnalis mangatokan bahwa inyo dan Christie adolah panulih nan samo. Inyo kamudian manulih duo novel baliak mamakai namo Westmacott jo karyanyo nan tarakhia pado [[1956]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mary Westmacotts|url=http://www.agathachristie.com/about-christie/family-memories/the-mary-westmacotts|website=www.agathachristie.com|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> === Karya non-fiksi === Christie manabikan babarapo karya [[Nonfiksi|non-fiksi]]. Salah satunyo, ''Come, Tell Me How You Live'' bacarito tantang panggalian arkeologi nan diambiak dari kahidupan basamo Mallowan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-05-20|title=Agatha Christie's little-known Syrian memoir to be republished|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/20/agatha-christie-syrian-memoir-to-be-republished|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> ''The Grand Tour: Around the World with the Queen of Mystery'' adolah kumpulan korespondensi salamo Grand Tour taun [[1922]]-nya di kerajaan Inggrih.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Corrigan|first=Maureen|date=2013-01-18|title=‘The Grand Tour: Around the World with the Queen of Mystery’ by Agatha Christie|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinion/the-grand-tour-around-the-world-with-the-queen-of-mystery-by-agatha-christie/2013/01/18/343db518-58f2-11e2-beee-6e38f5215402_story.html|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> [[Agatha Christie: An Autobiography]] ditabikan sacaro [[anumerta]] pado [[1977]] dan dinilai subagai Karya Kritis / Biografi Terbaik pado Penghargaan Edgar [[1978]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Edgars Database|url=http://theedgars.com/awards/|website=|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-18|archive-date=2020-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731232503/http://theedgars.com/awards/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|last2=|date=2014-03-21|title=The Reading Life: 'Agatha Christie: An Autobiography'|url=https://www.latimes.com/books/la-ca-agatha-christie-20111127-story.html|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-19|last3=|first3=|last4=|last5=|last6=|last7=|last8=|first8=|last9=}}</ref> === Legasi === Christie acok dosabuik subagai "Ratu Kejahatan" atau "Ratu Misteri", dan dianggap subagai ahli dalam mambangun plot, sarato karakter.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Riley|first=Dick|last2=McAllister|first2=Pam|last3=Cassiday|first3=Bruce|date=2001-09-01|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=zd3yIaoBjrMC&redir_esc=y|title=The Bedside, Bathtub & Armchair Companion to Agatha Christie|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-8264-1375-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Wagoner|first=Mary|date=1986|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=0olaAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y|title=Agatha Christie|publisher=Twayne Publishers|isbn=978-0-8057-6936-4|language=en}}</ref> Pado 1955, inyo manjadi panarimo partamo Mystery Writers of America's Grand Master Award. Inyo dinobatkan subagai "Panulih Terbaik Abad Ini" dan seri novel Hercule Poirot-nya dinobatkan subagai "Seri Terbaik Abad Ini" di Konvensi Misteri Dunia Bouchercon taun 2000. Pado 2013, inyo tapiliah subagai "Panulih kriminal terbaik" dalam survei dari 600 anggota Asosiasi Panulih Kejahatan novelis profesional. Panulih Raymond Chandler mangkritik artifisialitas bukunyo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Simple Art of Murder|url=https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20140930|website=www.fadedpage.com|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Kritikus sastra Edmund Wilson manggambarkan prosa dan karakternya dangkal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilson|first=Edmund|title=Why Do People Read Detective Stories?|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1944/10/14/why-do-people-read-detective-stories|website=The New Yorker|language=en-us|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Edmund Wilson on Crime Fiction|url=http://www.crazyoik.co.uk/workshop/edmund_wilson_on_crime_fiction.htm|website=www.crazyoik.co.uk|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Pado 2011 Christie dinobatkan subagai Panulih kriminal paliang sukses sacaro finansial kaduo sapanjang maso di [[Inggris Raya]], sasudah [[Ian Fleming]], dek saluran TV drama kriminal digital ''Alibi'' jo pendapekan total sekitar £ 100 juta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Crime Writer Rich List {{!}} Alibi News {{!}} Alibi Channel|url=https://alibi.uktv.co.uk/articles/article/crime-writer-rich-list/|website=alibi.uktv.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18|archive-date=2020-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919160514/https://alibi.uktv.co.uk/articles/article/crime-writer-rich-list/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pado 2012, Christie tamasuak di antara urang-urang nan dipiliah dek seniman Peter Blake untuak tampil dalam versi baru karyanyo nan paliang tanamo, ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'', "untuak marayoan tokoh budaya Inggrih nan paliang nyo kagumi".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-04-01|title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday|url=http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Peter Blake's new Sgt Pepper's cover|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/entertainment-arts-17583026|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Pado 2015, untuak mamparingati hari kelahirannyo 125 taun taun nan lalu, duo puluah limo panulih misteri kontemporer dan ciek panabik maagiahan pandangan mereka tantang karya Christie. Banyak panulih nan alah mambaco novel Christie, sabalun panulih misteri lainnyo, dalam bahaso Inggrih atau dalam bahaso asli mereka nan kamudian mampangaruhi hasil karyanyo masiang-masiang. Hampia sadoalahnyo nan masih mamandangnyo subagai "Ratu Kejahatan" dan juga dianggap subagai pancipta [[Plot twist|alur carito]] nan banyak digunakan dek Panulih misteri. Hampia sadoalahnyo mamiliki satu atau labiah novel favorit karyanyo dan manyatoan bahwa bukunyo masih rancak untuak dibaco hampia 100 taun sasudah novel partamonyo ditabikan. Hanyo ciek dari duo puluah limo panulih nan indak punyo pandangan nan sarupo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Doyle|first=Martin|title=Agatha Christie: genius or hack? Crime writers pass judgment and pick favourites|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/agatha-christie-genius-or-hack-crime-writers-pass-judgment-and-pick-favourites-1.2351699|website=The Irish Times|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Pado 2016, saratuih taun sasudah Christie manulih kisah detektif partamonyo, [[Royal Mail]] marilih anam prangko untuak manghormatinyo, manampilkan [[Misteri di Styles]], [[Pembunuhan atas Roger Ackroyd|pambunuahan ateh Roger Ackroyd]], [[Pembunuhan di Orient Express|pambunuahan di Orient Express]], [[Sepuluh Anak Negro]], [[Mayat dalam Perpustakaan]], dan [[Iklan Pembunuhan|Iklan pambunuahan]]. ''[[The Guardian]]'' malaporkan bahwa, "Satiok desain manggabuangkan mikroteks, tinta UV dan tinta termokromik. Dalam satiok parangko tadapek patunjuak tasambunyi nan dapek diungkap manggunoan kaca pembesar, sinar UV nan dapek maagiah patunjuak ka solusi misteri."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-15|title=New Agatha Christie stamps deliver hidden clues|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/sep/15/new-agatha-christie-stamps-deliver-hidden-clues|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Royal Mail issues Special Stamps to celebrate Agatha Christie|url=http://www.agathachristie.com/news/2016/royal-mail-issues-special-stamps-to-celebrate-agatha-christie|website=www.agathachristie.com|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Karakter dan wajahnyo muncua di parangko di banyak negara mode [[Dominika]] dan [[Somalia]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-07|title=Agatha Christie Postage Stamps, 1996 – 2016 {{!}} LIteraryLadiesGuide|url=https://www.literaryladiesguide.com/literary-musings/agatha-christie-postage-stamps-1996-2016/|website=Literary Ladies Guide|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Pado 2020, Christie dihormati jo koin £ 2 dek Royal Mint untuak partamo kalinyo untuak manandoi saratuih taun novel partamonyo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Media|first=P. A.|date=2020-01-01|title=New coins to celebrate Agatha Christie and Tokyo Olympians|url=http://www.theguardian.com/money/2020/jan/01/new-coins-2020-celebrate-agatha-christie-tokyo-olympians-george-iii-ve-day|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Pado 2023, sabuah patuang parunggu saukuran manusia nan manggambarkan Christie duduak di bangku taman sambia mamagang buku diresmikan di Wallingford, Oxfordshire.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Creamer|first=Ella|date=2023-09-11|title=Agatha Christie statue takes seat on bench in Oxfordshire town|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/sep/11/agatha-christie-statue-takes-seat-on-bench-in-oxfordshire-town|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2025-09-16}}</ref> === Panjualan Buku === Inyo adolah Panulih kriminal partamo nan mamiliki 100.000 eksemplar dari sepuluh judulnyo nan ditabikan dek [[Penguin Books|Penguin]] pado [[1948]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=And Then There Were 75 Facts About The Queen Of Crime - Agatha Christie|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/and-then-there-were-75-facts-about-the-queen-of-crime-agatha-christie|website=GamesIndustry.biz|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Agatha Christie|url=https://rmspecialstamps.com/collections/agatha-christie/#:~:text=Since%20her%20debut%20in%201920,in%201948%20-%20A%20Penguin%20Million.|website=rmspecialstamps.com|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18|archive-date=2021-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301135136/https://rmspecialstamps.com/collections/agatha-christie/#:~:text=Since%20her%20debut%20in%201920,in%201948%20-%20A%20Penguin%20Million.|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Original 10 - Penguin Books USA|url=https://www.penguin.com/penguin80/original-10/|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-18|archive-date=2020-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919165531/https://www.penguin.com/penguin80/original-10/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pado [[2018]], [[Guinness World Records]] mendaftarkan Christie subagai Panulih fiksi terlaris sepanjang maso.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-04|title=Five record-breaking book facts for National Bookshop Day|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2018/10/5-page-turning-book-facts|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> pado 2020, novelnya telah terjual lebih dari dua miliar kopi dalam ampek puluah ampek bahaso. Saparo panjualannyo adolah edisi babahaso Inggrih.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Agatha Christie - The world&#039;s best-selling novelist|url=http://www.agathachristie.com/about-christie|website=www.agathachristie.com|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Manuruik Index Translationum, pado [[2020]], inyo adolah panulih individu nan paliang banyak ditajamahkan karyanyo ka babagai bahaso.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who is the world’s most translated author?|url=https://thewordpoint.com/blog/worlds-most-translated-author|website=thewordpoint.com|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Christie adolah salah satu panulih nan paliang banyak dipinjam di perpustakaan Inggris.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Price|first=Gary|date=2013-02-08|title=Lists: The Most Borrowed Library Books and Authors in UK 2011-2012; Children’s Library Borrowing Continues to Increase|url=https://www.infodocket.com/2013/02/08/list-the-most-borrowed-library-books-in-uk-2011-2012-childrens-library-borrowing-continues-to-increase/|website=LJ infoDOCKET|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Flood|first=Alison|date=2016-02-05|title=Crime fiction steals top slots in UK library loans|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/feb/05/fiction-runs-away-with-uk-library-loans-lee-child|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-02-12|title=Children's writer tops UK loans|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8512613.stm|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-23|title=Danielle Steel more popular than Harry Potter with UK library readers|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/harry-potter-danielle-steel-most-borrowed-uk-library-books-225966|website=inews.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> Pado [[2002]], 117.696 [[buku audio]] Christie tajua, dibandiangkan jo 97.755 untuak [[J.K. Rowling|J.K.Rowling]], 78.770 untuak [[Roald Dahl]] dan 75.841 untuak [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R.Tolkien]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agatha Christie Inspires Video Game|url=https://www.writerswrite.com/agatha-christie-inspires-video-game-102605177|website=Writers Write|language=en|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.audible.com/ep/article-best-sellers-all-time-fiction|title=Best Sellers of All Time: Fiction|language=en}}</ref> Pado 2015, keluarga Christie mangklaim [[Sepuluh Anak Negro]] subagai "novel kriminal terlaris sapanjang maso", jo sekitar 100 juta panjualan nan manjadiannyo salah satu buku jo panjualan paliang tinggi sapanjang maso.<ref>{{Cite web|title=125 Years of Agatha Christie|url=https://www.agathachristie.com/about-christie/125-years-of-agatha-christie|website=www.agathachristie.com|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=McClurg|first=Jocelyn|title=Agatha Christie hits USA TODAY's list|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/books/2016/05/18/agatha-christie-and-then-there-were-none-fall-books-usa-today-best-selling-books/84500896/|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-18}}</ref> ==== Adaptasi ==== Karya Christie alah diadaptasi untuak manjadi film [[layar lebar]] dan juga untuak televisi. Film partamonyo adolah film Inggrih pado 1928 bajudul ''The Passing of Mr. Quin''. Panampilan partamo Poirot adolah pado [[1931]] dalam film bajudul ''[[Alibi (film 1931)|Alibi]]'', nan dibintangi dek Austin Trevor. Margaret Rutherford mamarankan Marple dalam sarangkaian film nan dirilis pado [[1960-an]]. Christie manyukoi aktingnyo, tapi maanggap film partamonyo subagai fil paliang buruak dan film lainnyo indak lebih baik. Inyo maraso babeda tantang film [[Murder on the Orient Express (film 1974)|Murder on the Orient Express]] pado 1974, nan disutradarai dek Sidney Lumet, nan manampilkan bintang-bintang gadang dan nilai-nilai produksi nan labiah baiak. Inyo mahadiri pamutaran perdananyo di London, nan manjadi salah satu acara publik tarakhianya. Pado 2016, film tasabuik dirilis jo versi barunyo nan disutradarai dek Kenneth Branagh, nan turuik mambintangi, manganakan "kumis nan paliang boros panonton bioskop nan pernah dicaliak."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Debruge|first=Peter|last2=Debruge|first2=Peter|date=2017-11-02|title=Film Review: ‘Murder on the Orient Express’|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/reviews/murder-on-the-orient-express-review-1202605173/|website=Variety|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Adaptasi televisi Poirot dek Christie ([[1989]]-[[2013]]) diperankan dek David Suchet subagai Poirot. Serial telivisi ko bajalan salamo tujuah puluah episode untuak tigo balehseri. Film tasabuik manarimo sambilan nominasi [[penghargaan BAFTA]] dan mamanangkan ampek panghargaan BAFTA pado [[1990]]-[[1992]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=BAFTA Awards Search {{!}} BAFTA Awards|url=http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=poirot|website=awards.bafta.org|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Serial televisi Miss Marple ([[1984]]–[[1992]]), jo Joan Hickson subagai "Miss Marple nan tak tatandiangi", maadaptasi sadoalahnyo, duo baleh novel Marple. Serial televisi Prancis ''Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie'' (2009–2012, [[2013]]–[[2020]]), maadaptasi ttigo puluah anam carito karya Christie.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Les Petits Meurtres d&#039;Agatha Christie|url=http://www.agathachristie.com/film-and-tv/les-petits-meurtres-dagatha-christie|website=www.agathachristie.com|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Les petits meurtres d'Agatha Christie|url=https://www.france.tv/france-2/les-petits-meurtres-d-agatha-christie/|website=www.france.tv|language=fr|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Buku-buku Christie pun alah diadaptasi untuak [[BBC Radio]], serial [[permainan video]], dan [[novel grafik]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Hercule Poirot|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03js5pl/episodes/guide|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Miss Marple|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03p87br/episodes/guide|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Games|url=http://www.agathachristie.com/games|website=www.agathachristie.com|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Agatha Christie Graphic Novels Series by François Rivière|url=https://www.goodreads.com/series/61511-agatha-christie-graphic-novels|website=www.goodreads.com|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> == Penggambaran == pado [[2004]], [[BBC]] marilih ''Agatha Christie: A Life in Pictures,'' di mano inyo diparanan dek Olivia Williams, Anna Massey, dan Bonnie Wright (pado babagai tahap dalam hiduiknyo).<ref>{{Citation|title=Agatha Christie: A Life in Pictures|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0426394/|date=2004-09-22|accessdate=2021-01-19|first=Olivia|last=Williams|first2=Anna|last2=Massey|first3=Raymond|last3=Coulthard|first4=Stephen|last4=Boxer}}</ref> Pado 2013, [[Independent Television|ITV]] marilih ''The Mystery of Agatha Christie'' nan dipandu dek David Suchet.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Mystery of Agatha Christie with David Suchet {{!}} PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/show/mystery-agatha-christie-david-suchet/|accessdate=2021-01-19|language=en|archive-date=2023-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416180214/https://www.pbs.org/show/mystery-agatha-christie-david-suchet/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=David Suchet: The Mystery of Agatha Christie|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2797170/|date=2013-03-17|accessdate=2021-01-19|first=David|last=Suchet|first2=Mathew|last2=Prichard|first3=Rosalind|last3=Christie|first4=Agatha|last4=Christie}}</ref> Babarapo panggambaran karakter fiksional Christie alah dieksplorasi dan bercarito tantang keberadaannyo pado 1926. Pado film nan bajudul [[Agatha (film 1979)|Agatha]] (1979), Vanessa Redgrave bamain subagai Christie nan manyalinok pai untuak mambuek rencana baleh dandam tahadok lakinyo. Ahli waris Christie indak berhasil manggugat untuak mancegah distribusi film tasabuik.<ref>{{Citation|title=Agatha|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0078736/|date=1979-02-09|accessdate=2021-01-19|first=Dustin|last=Hoffman|first2=Vanessa|last2=Redgrave|first3=Timothy|last3=Dalton|first4=Helen|last4=Morse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Arnold|first=Gary|date=1979-03-02|title='Agatha': The Picture of Elegance|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1979/03/02/agatha-the-picture-of-elegance/884f7419-5250-48b1-bd94-37686ae072af/|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Times|first=Aljean Harmetz Special to The New York|date=1979-01-27|title=Hoffman Finishes ‘Agatha’ Film (Published 1979)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/01/27/archives/hoffman-finishes-agatha-film-lawsuit-on-two-films-pending.html|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Pado [[17 Mei]] [[2018]], salah satu episode dari [[Doctor Who]] jo judul "''The Unicorn and the Wasp''" bacarito tantang Christie (diparnanan dek Fenella Woolgar) di awal karier manulihnyo dan manjalehan tantang mailangnyo inyo subagai akibaik dari gangguan samentara karano hubungan psikis singkek antaro inyo jo tawon alien nan disabuik Vespiform.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Unicorn and the Wasp|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1208130/|date=2008-05-17|accessdate=2021-01-19|first=David|last=Tennant|first2=Catherine|last2=Tate|first3=Fenella|last3=Woolgar|first4=Felicity|last4=Kendal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Agatha Christie Stories Referenced in The Unicorn and the Wasp|url=https://www.doctorwho.tv/news/?article=agatha-christie-stories-referenced-in-the-unicorn-and-the-wasp|website=Doctor Who|language=en-gb|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Masih pado taun nan samo, dalam film nan bajudul Agatha and the Truth of Murder inyo manyalasaian kasus pambunuahan putri baptis [[Florence Nightingale]] nan banamo Florence Nightingale Shore.<ref>{{Citation|title=Agatha and the Truth of Murder|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9381998/|date=2019-04-19|accessdate=2021-01-19|first=Dean|last=Andrews|first2=Ruth|last2=Bradley|first3=Bebe|last3=Cave|first4=Amelia|last4=Dell}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Agatha and the Truth of Murder (2018)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/agatha_and_the_truth_of_murder|accessdate=2021-01-19|language=en}}</ref> Sabuah kisah fiksi tantang hilangnyo Christie pun marupoan tema sentral dari musikal Korea nan diagiah judul ''Agatha''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Visit Seoul - EVENTS > Performances & Tickets > Musicals & Plays|url=http://www.visitseoul.net/en/article/article.do?_method=view&m=0004009001001&p=06&art_id=78125&lang=en|website=web.archive.org|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19|archive-date=2015-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416100240/http://www.visitseoul.net/en/article/article.do?_method=view&m=0004009001001&p=06&art_id=78125&lang=en|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> Pado [[1980]], dalam film Hungaria bajudul ''Kojak Budapesten'' nan marupoan skenario original malibaikkan kamampuan kriminal Christie.<ref>{{Citation|title=Kojak Budapesten|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0081006/|date=1980-06-05|accessdate=2021-01-19|first=László|last=Inke|first2=Cecília|last2=Esztergályos|first3=Gábor|last3=Harsányi|first4=Ádám|last4=Szirtes}}</ref> Dalam drama televisi jo judul Murder by the Book ([[1986]]), Christie (diperankan Dame [[Peggy Ashcroft]]) mambunuah salah satu karakter fiksinyo nan barubah manjadi nyato, yaitu Poirot.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|last2=|date=1990-06-16|title=TV REVIEW : Poirot Meets His Maker in A&E;'s 'Murder by the Book'|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-16-ca-309-story.html|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|access-date=2021-01-19|last3=|first3=|last4=|last5=|last6=|last7=|last8=|first8=|last9=}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Murder by the Book|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0201788/|date=1987-05-25|accessdate=2021-01-19|first=Peggy|last=Ashcroft|first2=Ian|last2=Holm|first3=Richard|last3=Wilson|first4=Michael|last4=Aldridge}}</ref> Karakter Christie turuik tampil dalam Dorothy and Agatha dek Gaylord Larsen dan ''The London Blitz Murders'' dek Max Allan Collins.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Larsen|first=Gaylord|date=1990|url=http://archive.org/details/dorothyagatha00lars|title=Dorothy and Agatha|publisher=New York, N.Y., U.S.A. : Dutton|isbn=978-0-525-24865-1|others=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Historical Mystery Review: The London Blitz Murders - Women in World History Curriculum|url=http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/mystery-26.html|website=www.womeninworldhistory.com|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Agatha pado maso mudonyo digambarkan dalam serial televisi sejarah Spanyol bajudul ''Gran Hotel'' (2011) di mano inyo mandapekan inspirasi untuak manulih novel barunyo sumbari manolong detektif lokal.<ref>{{Citation|title=Gran Hotel (TV Series 2011–2013) - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2006421/|accessdate=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=yggdrasille|date=2020-11-24|title=Gran Hotel – TV Review|url=https://yggdrasille.com/2020/11/24/gran-hotel-tv-review/|website=yggdrasille|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Dalam film televisi [[sejarah alternatif]] nan bajudul ''Agatha and the Curse of Ishtar'' (2018), Christie talibaik dalam kasus pambunuahan di sabuah panggalian arkeologi di Irak.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hogan|first=Michael|date=2019-12-15|title=Agatha and the Curse of Ishtar review - A cut-price Christie for Christmas is still quite a treat|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2019/12/15/agatha-curse-ishtar-review-a-cut-price-christie-christmas-still/|newspaper=The Telegraph|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Agatha and the Curse of Ishtar|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10964992/|date=2019-12-15|accessdate=2021-01-19|first=Jonah|last=Hauer-King|first2=Lyndsey|last2=Marshal|first3=Bronagh|last3=Waugh|first4=Jack|last4=Deam}}</ref> Pado 2019, Honeysuckle Weeks mamarankan Christie dalam sabuah episode bajudul ''No Friends Like Old Friends'', dalam sabuah drama Kanada [[Frankie Drake Mysteries]].<ref>{{Citation|title=No Friends Like Old Friends|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10643150/|date=2019-09-16|accessdate=2021-01-19|first=Lauren Lee|last=Smith|first2=Chantel|last2=Riley|first3=Rebecca|last3=Liddiard|first4=Sharron|last4=Matthews}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Frankie Drake Mysteries {{!}} No Friends Like Old Friends {{!}} Season 3 {{!}} Episode 1|url=https://www.pbs.org/video/no-friends-like-old-friends-dyp1gx/|accessdate=2021-01-19|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Frankie Drake Mysteries - S3 - Episode 1: No Friends Like Old Friends|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/ktvd44/frankie-drake-mysteries--s3-e1-no-friends-like-old-friends/|website=Radio Times|language=en|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref> Pado 2017, novelnyo baliak diangkek ka layar leba jo judul [[Murder on the Orient Express (film 2017)|Murder on the Orient Express]]. Film tasabuik dibintangi dek Branagh subagai [[Hercule Poirot]], jo [[Penélope Cruz]], [[Willem Dafoe]], [[Judi Dench]], [[Johnny Depp]], [[Josh Gad]], [[Derek Jacobi]], [[Leslie Odom Jr.]], [[Michelle Pfeiffer]] dan [[Daisy Ridley]] dalam paran pandukuang.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Post|first=The Jakarta|title=‘Murder on the Orient Express’ assembles all-star cast|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2017/05/17/murder-on-the-orient-express-assembles-all-star-cast.html|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en|access-date=2021-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-01|title='Murder on the Orient Express' Cast and Characters: Who's Who?|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/murder-orient-express-cast-characters-whos-who-1009271|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en|access-date=2021-03-08}}</ref> Film ko adolah adaptasi kaampek dari novel Christie tasabuik.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mitchell|first=Robert|last2=Mitchell|first2=Robert|date=2017-05-05|title=All-Star ‘Murder on the Orient Express’ Cast Assembles in London|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/global/murder-on-the-orient-express-cast-london-1202410262/|website=Variety|language=en-US|access-date=2021-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-02|title='Murder on the Orient Express': Film Review|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/murder-orient-express-review-1053433|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en|access-date=2021-03-08}}</ref> Sekuel dari film ko nan bajudul [[Death on the Nile (film 2021)|Death on the Nile]] dijadwalkan tayang pado 2020, tapi harus diundur baliak dikaranokan pandemi covid-19.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Film Free Guy dan Death on the Nile Tunda Rilis|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/hiburan/20201109101013-220-567461/film-free-guy-dan-death-on-the-nile-tunda-rilis|work=[[CNN Indonesia]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2021-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=developer|first=mediaindonesia com|date=2020-11-06|title=Disney Tunda Rilis Death on the Nile|url=https://mediaindonesia.com/hiburan/358859/disney-tunda-rilis-death-on-the-nile|work=[[Media Indonesia]]|language=id|access-date=2021-03-08}}</ref> Film ko manampilkan Branagh nan baliak baparan subagai [[Hercule Poirot]], beserta [[Gal Gadot]], [[Letitia Wright]], [[Armie Hammer]], [[Annette Bening]], [[Rose Leslie]], [[Ali Fazal]], [[Sophie Okonedo]], [[Tom Bateman (aktor)|Tom Bateman]], [[Emma Mackey]], [[Dawn French]], [[Jennifer Saunders]], dan [[Russell Brand]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kreps|first=Daniel|last2=Kreps|first2=Daniel|date=2020-08-19|title='Death on the Nile' Trailer: All-Star Cast Assembles for Agatha Christie Adaptation|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-news/death-on-the-nile-trailer-1046629/|website=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|access-date=2021-03-08}}</ref> == Bibliografi == Barikuik adolah daftar karya Agatha Christie nan disaratoi judul versi [[bahasa Indonesia|bahasa Indonesianyo]] jikok ado: * [[1920]] ''The Mysterious Affair at Styles'' (buku partamonyo, nan memperkenalkan Hercule Poirot) – [[Misteri di Styles]] * [[1922]] ''The Secret Adversary'' (memperkenalkan [[Tommy and Tuppence]]) – [[Musuh Dalam Selimut]] * [[1923]] ''Murder on the Links'' – [[Lapangan Golf Maut]] * [[1924]] ''The Man in the Brown Suit'' – [[Pria Bersetelan Cokelat]] * [[1924]] ''Poirot Investigates'' - [[Poirot Menyelidiki]] * [[1925]] ''The Secret of Chimneys'' – [[Rahasia Chimneys]] * [[1926]] ''The Murder of Roger Ackroyd'' – [[Pembunuhan atas Roger Ackroyd|pambunuahan ateh Roger Ackroyd]] * [[1927]] ''The Big Four'' – [[Empat Besar (novel)|Empat Besar]] * [[1928]] ''The Mystery of the Blue Train'' – [[Misteri Kereta Api Biru]] * [[1929]] ''Partners in Crime'' – [[Pasangan Detektif]] * [[1929]] ''The Seven Dials Mystery'' – [[Misteri Tujuh Lonceng]] * [[1930]] ''The Murder at the Vicarage'' (memperkenalkan Jane Marple) – [[Pembunuhan di Wisma Pendeta|pambunuahan di Wisma Pendeta]] * [[1930]] ''The Mysterious Mr Quin'' (memperkenalkan Mr Harley Quin) – [[Mr. Quin yang Misterius|Mr. Quin nan Misterius]] * [[1931]] ''The Sittaford Mystery'' – [[Misteri Sittaford]] * [[1932]] ''Peril at End House'' – [[Hotel Majestic]] * [[1933]] ''The Hound of Death'' – [[Anjing Kematian]] * [[1933]] ''The Thirteen Problems'' - [[Tiga Belas Kasus]] * [[1933]] ''Lord Edgware Dies'' – [[Matinya Lord Edgware]] * [[1934]] ''Murder on the Orient Express'' – [[Pembunuhan di Orient Express|pambunuahan di Orient Express]] * [[1934]] ''Parker Pyne investigates'' – [[Parker Pyne Menyelidiki]] * [[1934]] ''The Listerdale Mystery'' - [[Misteri Listerdale]] * [[1935]] ''Three Act Tragedy'' – [[Tragedi Tiga Babak]] * [[1935]] ''Why Didn't They Ask Evans?'' – [[Pembunuh di Balik Kabut]] * [[1935]] ''Death in the Clouds'' (partamo kali terbit jo judul ''Death in the Air'') – [[Maut di Udara]] * [[1936]] ''The A.B.C. Murders'' – [[Pembunuhan ABC|pambunuahan ABC]] * [[1936]] ''Murder in Mesopotamia'' – [[Pembunuhan di Mesopotamia|pambunuahan di Mesopotamia]] * [[1936]] ''Cards on the Table'' – [[Kartu-Kartu di Meja]] * [[1937]] ''Death on the Nile'' – [[Pembunuhan di Sungai Nil|pambunuahan di Sungai Nil]] * [[1937]] ''Dumb Witness'' – [[Saksi Bisu]] * [[1937]] ''Murder in the Mews'' - [[Pembunuhan di Lorong|pambunuahan di Lorong]] * [[1938]] ''Appointment with Death'' – [[Perjanjian dengan Maut|Perjanjian jo Maut]] * [[1939]] ''Ten Little Niggers'' (juga terbit jo judul ''And Then There Were None'', ''Ten Little Indians'') – [[Sepuluh Anak Negro]] * [[1939]] ''Murder is Easy'' – [[Membunuh Itu Gampang]] * [[1939]] ''Hercule Poirot's Christmas'' – [[Pembunuhan di Malam Natal|pambunuahan di Malam Natal]] *[[1940]] ''Sad Cypress'' – [[Mawar Tak Berduri]] * [[1941]] ''Evil Under the Sun'' – [[Pembunuhan di Teluk Pixy|pambunuahan di Teluk Pixy]] * [[1941]] ''N or M?'' – [[N atau M?]] * [[1941]] ''One, Two, Buckle My Shoe'' – [[Satu, Dua, Pasang Gesper Sepatunya]] * [[1942]] ''The Body in the Library'' – [[Mayat dalam Perpustakaan]] * [[1942]] ''Five Little Pigs'' (juga terbit jo judul ''Murder in Retrospect'') – [[Mengungkit Pembunuhan|Mengungkit pambunuahan]] * [[1942]] ''The Moving Finger'' – [[Pena Beracun]] * [[1944]] ''Towards Zero'' – [[Menuju Titik Nol]] * [[1944]] ''Sparkling Cyanide'' – [[Kenangan Kematian]] * [[1945]] ''Death Comes as the End'' – [[Ledakan Dendam]] * [[1946]] ''The Hollow'' – [[Rumah Gema]] * [[1947]] ''The Labours of Hercules'' – [[Tugas-tugas Hercules]] * [[1948]] ''There is a Tide'' (juga terbit jo judul ''Taken at the Flood'') – [[Mengail di Air Keruh]] * [[1949]] ''Crooked House'' – [[Buku Catatan Josephine]] * [[1950]] ''A Murder is Announced'' – [[Iklan Pembunuhan|Iklan pambunuahan]] * [[1951]] ''They Came to Baghdad'' – [[Mereka Datang ke Baghdad]] * [[1952]] ''Mrs McGinty's Dead'' – [[Mrs. McGinty Sudah Mati]] *[[1952]] ''The Do It with Mirrors'' ''–'' [[Muslihat dengan Cermin|Muslihat jo Cermin]] * [[1953]] ''A Pocket Full of Rye'' – [[Misteri Burung Hitam]] * [[1953]] ''After the Funeral'' (juga tabik jo judul ''Funerals are Fatal'') – [[Setelah Pemakaman|sasudah Pemakaman]] * [[1955]] ''Hickory Dickory Dock'' (juga tabik jo judul ''Hickory Dickory Death'') – [[Pembunuhan di Pondokan Mahasiswa|pambunuahan di Pondokan Mahasiswa]] * [[1955]] ''Destination Unknown'' – [[Menuju Negeri Antah Berantah|Menuju nagari Antah Berantah]] * [[1956]] ''Dead Man's Folly'' – [[Kubur Berkubah]] * [[1957]] ''4.50 from Paddington'' (juga tabikjo judul ''What Mrs. McGillycuddy Saw!'') – [[Kereta 4.50 dari Paddington]] * [[1957]] ''Ordeal by Innocence'' – [[Mata Rantai yang Hilang|Mata Rantai nan Hilang]] * [[1959]] ''Cat Among the Pigeons'' – [[Kucing di Tengah Burung Dara]] * [[1960]] ''The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding'' - [[Skandal Perjamuan Natal]] * [[1961]] ''The Pale Horse -'' [[Misteri Penginapan Tua]] * [[1962]] ''The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side'' – [[Dan Cermin Pun Retak]] * [[1963]] ''The Clocks'' – [[Mayat Misterius]] * [[1964]] ''A Caribbean Mystery'' – [[Misteri Karibia]] * [[1965]] ''At Bertram's Hotel'' – [[Hotel Bertram]] * [[1966]] ''Third Girl'' – [[Gadis Ketiga]] * [[1967]] ''Endless Night'' - [[Malam Tanpa Akhir|Malam Tanpa akhia]] * [[1968]] ''By the Pricking of My Thumbs'' – [[Rumah di Tepi Kanal]] * [[1969]] ''Hallowe'en Party'' – [[Pesta Hallowe'en]] * [[1970]] ''Passenger to Frankfurt'' – [[Penumpang ke Frankfurt]] * [[1971]] ''Nemesis'' – [[Nemesis (novel Christie)|Nemesis]] * [[1972]] ''Elephants Can Remember'' – [[Gajah Selalu Ingat]] * [[1973]] ''Postern of Fate'' (kisah terakhia Tommy and Tuppence, novel terakhia Christie) – [[Gerbang Nasib]] * [[1974]] ''Poirot's Early Cases'' – [[Kasus-Kasus Perdana Poirot]] * [[1975]] ''Curtain'' (kasus terakhia Poirot, ditulih empat dekade sabalunnya) – [[Tirai (novel)|Tirai]] * [[1976]] ''Sleeping Murder'' (kasus terakhia Miss Marple, ditulih ampek dekade sabalunnyo) – [[Pembunuhan Terpendam|pambunuahan Terpendam]] * [[1979]] ''Miss Marple's Final Cases'' - [[Kasus-Kasus Terakhir Miss Marple|Kasus-Kasus Terakhia Miss Marple]] * [[1991]] ''Problem at Pollensa Bay'' - [[Masalah di Teluk Pollensa|masolah di Teluk Pollensa]] * [[1997]] ''While the Light Lasts'' - [[Saat Hari Terang]] Karya basamo: * [[1931]] ''The Floating Admiral'' ditulis jo G. K. Chesterton, Dorothy L. Sayers dan anggota lain ''Detection Club''. Karya di bawah nama Mary Westmacott: * [[1930]] ''[[Giant's Bread]]'' * [[1934]] ''[[Unfinished Portrait (novel)|Unfinished Portrait]]'' *[[1944]] ''[[Absent in the Spring]]'' * [[1947]] ''[[The Rose and the Yew Tree]]'' * [[1952]] ''[[A Daughter's a Daughter]]'' * [[1956]] ''[[The Burden]]'' == Pranala Lua == * {{en}} [http://www.agathachristie.com/ Situs resmi Agatha Christie] * {{en}} [http://www.lokerseni.web.id/2011/05/kumpulan-novel-terjemahan-karya-agatha.html Novel Terjemahan Agatha Christie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101153234/http://www.lokerseni.web.id/2011/05/kumpulan-novel-terjemahan-karya-agatha.html |date=2012-01-01 }} * {{en}} [[Project Gutenberg]]: ''[http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/863 The Mysterious Affair at Styles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041009124838/http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/863 |date=2004-10-09 }}'' * {{en}} [[Project Gutenberg]]: ''[http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/1155 The Secret Adversary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041111023827/http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/1155 |date=2004-11-11 }}'' {{lifetime|1890|1976|Christie, Agatha}} == Referensi == <references responsive="" /> {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Agatha Christie| ]] [[Kategori:Penulis Inggris|Christie, Agatha]] [[Kategori:Novelis Inggris|Christie, Agatha]] [[Kategori:Otodidak|Christie]] [[Kategori:Penulis perempuan]] [[Kategori:Tokoh wanita]] 61yyit2n7k13ks7pgm653xrs17qh8gs Wikipedia:Artikel nan Tapiliah/Januari 2026 4 477051 3346034 3342726 2026-04-24T01:19:33Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346034 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid Raya Ganting Juli 2021.jpg|left|180px]] '''Musajik Rayo Gantiang''' ([[Bahaso Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Masjid Raya Ganting'') adolah masjid nan talatak di Kelurahan [[Ganting Parak Gadang, Padang Timur, Padang|Ganting Parak Gadang]], Kecamatan [[Padang Timur, Padang|Padang Timur]], [[Kota Padang]], [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Indonesia]]. Mulai dibangun pado taun 1805, masajik ko tacatat sabagai masajik tatuo di Padang jo salah satu nan tatuo di Indonesia sarato alah manjadi [[:id:Cagar_budaya|cagar budayo]] Indak dikatahui pasti taun barapo masajik ko mulai badiri. Manuruik Abdul Baqir Zein dalam bukunyo nan bajudul ''Masjid-masjid Bersejarah di Indonesia'', masajik ko alah badiri sajak taun 1700 jo pado mulonyo talatak di kaki Gunuang Padang, kamudian dipindahkan ka tapi [[:id:Batang_Arau|Batang Arau]] dek karano Balando handak mambuek jalan ka [[:id:Pelabuhan_Teluk_Bayur|palabuhan Taluak Bayua]], sampai tarakhia dipindahkan ka lokasi kini '''([[Musajik Rayo Gantiang|salangkoknyo...]])''' <small>Artikel nan Tapiliah sabalunnyo: [[Soedarpo Sastrosatomo]] &ndash; [[Urang Pasisia]] &ndash; [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]] &ndash; [[Rohana Muthalib]] [[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah 2026]] cq7mnqprtaj2p88fexbbzn0juj82wai 3346059 3346034 2026-04-24T10:48:56Z Naval Scene 55 3346059 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid Raya Ganting Juli 2021.jpg|left|180px]] '''Musajik Rayo Gantiang''' ([[Bahaso Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Masjid Raya Ganting'') adolah masjid nan talatak di Kelurahan [[Ganting Parak Gadang, Padang Timur, Padang|Ganting Parak Gadang]], Kecamatan [[Padang Timur, Padang|Padang Timur]], [[Kota Padang]], [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Indonesia]]. Mulai dibangun pado taun 1805, masajik ko tacatat sabagai masajik tatuo di Padang jo salah satu nan tatuo di Indonesia sarato alah manjadi [[:id:Cagar_budaya|cagar budayo]] Indak dikatahui pasti taun barapo masajik ko mulai badiri. Manuruik Abdul Baqir Zein dalam bukunyo nan bajudul ''Masjid-masjid Bersejarah di Indonesia'', masajik ko alah badiri sajak taun 1700 jo pado mulonyo talatak di kaki Gunuang Padang, kamudian dipindahkan ka tapi [[:id:Batang_Arau|Batang Arau]] dek karano Balando handak mambuek jalan ka [[:id:Pelabuhan_Teluk_Bayur|palabuhan Taluak Bayua]], sampai tarakhia dipindahkan ka lokasi kini '''([[Musajik Rayo Gantiang|salangkoknyo...]])''' <small>Artikel nan Tapiliah sabalunnyo: [[Soedarpo Sastrosatomo]] &ndash; [[Urang Pasisia]] &ndash; [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]] &ndash; [[Rohana Muthalib]]</small> [[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah 2026]] 54o05ey88d9rzt9v1wx55y88xhjmpm1 Wikipedia:Artikel nan Tapiliah/Pebruari 2026 4 477101 3346060 3342981 2026-04-24T10:49:41Z Naval Scene 55 3346060 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Berkas:An_Iranian_iftar_meal_(2).jpg|left|200px]] '''Ramadan''', atau dek urang awak disabuik '''bulan basaha''' adolah bulan kasambilan dalam [[kalender Islam]], dan dirayoan dek umaik [[Muslim]] di saluruah dunia jo bapuaso (''[[saum]]'') sarato mamparingati wahyu partamo nan turun bakeh Nabi [[Muhammad]] {{saw}} manuruik kayakinan umaik Muslim. Parayoan tahunan ko dihoromati sabagai ciek dari [[rukun Islam]] nan limo. Bulan Ramadan balansuang salamo 29–30 ari manuruik pamantauan hilal (bulan sabik), sapantun jo aturan-aturan nan tatulih dalam [[hadits]]. Kawajiban bapuaso pado bulan Ramadan turun pado bulan [[Sya'ban]] taun kaduo salapehh hijrahnyo umaik Muslim dari [[Mekkah|Makkah]] ka [[Madinah]]. Salamo bapuaso samanjak pagi inggo patang, Muslim dilarang untuak makan, minum cairan apopun, marokok, jo bahubuangan badan. Salain itu, diparintahkan pulo untuak mailakan pabuatan doso untuak manyamparonokan pahalo puaso, sarupo bakato-kato nan buruak (co mancacek, mambuek pitanah, mangutuak, baduto) jo bacakak.('''[[Ramadan|salangkoknyo...]]''') <small>Artikel nan Tapiliah sabalunnyo: [[Urang Pasisia]] &ndash; [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]] &ndash; [[Rohana Muthalib]] &ndash; [[Musajik Rayo Gantiang]]</small> [[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah 2026]] 218l23yfiwwkhqqys2fbozwjx6g8cvx Abdul Hadi Wiji Muthari 0 477283 3346007 3343759 2026-04-23T14:54:43Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3346007 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Hadi Wiji Muthari''' ({{Lahiamati|[[Sumenep]]|24|6|1946|[[Jakarta]]|19|1|2024}}) adolah saurang [[sastrawan]], [[Budayawan|tokoh budayo]] jo [[Filsafat|filsuf]] [[Indonesia]] . Namonyo dikenal dek karya-karyaannyo nan banapas sufistik, panalitiannyo di bidang sastra [[Bahaso Malayu|Melayu]] [[Kapulauan Nusantara|Nusantara]] sarato pandangannyo tantang [[Islam]] jo [[pluralisme]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Abdul Hadi W. M.|date=2000|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45330308|title=Islam : cakrawala estetik dan budaya|location=Pasar Minggu, Jakarta|publisher=Pustaka Firdaus|isbn=979-541-117-9|edition=Cet. 1|oclc=45330308}}</ref> == Maso ketek == Abdul Hadi WM lahia jo namo Abdul Hadi Wijaya. Katiko alah gadang inyo manuka namonyo dari Wijaya manjadi Wiji. Inyo lahia dari katurunan [[Urang Cino Indonesia|Cino]] di daerah [[Kabupaten Sumenep|Sumenep]], Madura.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tamanismailmarzuki.com/tokoh/hadi.html|title=Profil Abdul Hadi W.M. di Taman Ismail Marzuki|access-date=22-02-2026|archive-date=2010-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100517061144/http://www.tamanismailmarzuki.com/tokoh/hadi.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ayahnyo, saurang saudagar jo guru bahaso [[Jerman]] nan banamo K. Abu Muthar, sadangkan ibunyo adolah anak padusi dari katurunan Mangkunegaran nan banamo R. A. Sumartiyah atau Martiyah.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:MOviyRCgrpUJ:202.158.52.214/id/arsip/1990/01/06/AG/mbm.19900106.AG17722.id.html+abdul+hadi+wm+%2Ban-naba&cd=17&hl=id&ct=clnk&gl=id&source=www.google.co.id|title=Majalah Tempo: Kesenian di Pesantren|access-date=22-02-2026}}</ref> Pado maso keteknyo alah bakanalan jo pambacoan barek dari para pamikir sarupo [[Plato]], [[Socrates]], [[Imam Ghazali]], [[Rabindranath Tagore]], jo [[Muhammad Iqbal]] . Sajak ketek inyo suko puisi jo dunia manulih. Tulisannyo dimatangan dek karya-karya [[Amir Hamzah]] jo [[Chairil Anwar]].<ref name=":0" /> Basamo jo kawan-kawannyo Zawawi Imron jo Ahmad Fudholi Zaini, Hadi managakan sabuah pesantren di kampuang halamannyo pado taun 1990 nan banamo ''Pesantren An-Naba'', nan tadir dari musajik, asrama, jo sanggar seni dimano murik-muriknyo diajaan sastra, seni rupa, desain, kaligrafi, maukia, keramik, musik, jo drama.<ref name=":0" /> == Maso Baraja == Pandidikan SD jo SMPnyo salasai di kampuang halamannyo. Katiko masuak SMA, Abdul Hadi maninggaan kampuang halamannyo, pai ka [[Kota Surabaya|Surabaya]] untuak baraja di sinan. Inyo kamudian baraja di Fakultas Sastra, [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]], [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] sampai sarjana, kamudian pindah untuak baraja Filsafat Barat di universitas nan samo sampai tingkek doktoral, tapi indak manyalasaiannyo. Inyo baraliah ka Fakultas Sastra, [[Universitas Padjadjaran]], [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]] dan maambiak program studi Antropologi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.suarakarya-online.com/news.html?id=203253|title=Harian Suara Karya - Pengukuhan Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi W.M.|access-date=22-02-2026}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Salamo satahun dari 1973-1974 Hadi tingga di Iowa, [[Amerika Sarikaik|Amerika Sarikat]] untuak ikuik dalam [[:id:International_Writing_Program|''International Writing Program'']] di Universitas Iowa, lalu di Hamburg, Jerman salamo babarapo taun untuak mampalajari sastra jo filsafat.<ref name=":02" /> Pado taun 1992 inyo mandapek kasampatan untuak baraja jo mandapek gala [[master]] jo [[Doktor Filsafat]] dari [[Universitas Sains Malaysia]] di [[Penang|Pulau Pinang]], [[Malaysia]], di mano pado wakatu nan samo inyo manjadi dosen di universitas tasabuik. Sapulangnyo ka Indonesia, Hadi manarimo tawaran dari kawan lamonyo [[Nurcholish Madjid|Nurcholis Madjid]] untuak maaja di [[Universitas Paramadina]], Jakarta, universitas nan samo nan maangkeknyo sabagai Profesor Filsafat jo Agamo pado taun 2008. <ref name=":02" /> == Riwayaik Organisasi == Hadi pernah manjadi [[Redaktur|editor]] ''Gema Mahasiswa'' (1967-1968) jo panyuntiang ''Mahasiswa Indonesia'' (1969-1974) katiko masih mahasiswa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mu’jizah|date=2012|title=Abdul Hadi W.M.: Dari Puisi ke Teori|url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/4279/1/Majalah%20Pusat%20Edisi%204.pdf|journal=Pusat: Majalah Sastra|publisher=Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa|volume=4|pages=75|issn=2086-3934}}</ref> Kudian inyo manjadi panyuntiang Urusan majalah ''[[Budaya Jaya]]'' (1977-1978), panyuntiang majalah [[Kamar Dagang dan Industri Indonesia|Kamar Dagang jo Industri Indonesia]] (KADIN) (1979-1981), panyuntiang [[Balai Pustaka]] (1981-1983) jurnal kebudayaan Ulumul Qur'an. Dari taun 1979 hinggo awal taun 1990-an inyo manjabaik sabagai editor budayo harian [[Berita Buana]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://nusantaranews.co/sosok-dan-karya-abdul-hadi-wm-pelopor-sastra-sufi-di-indonesia/|title=Sosok dan Karya Abdul Hadi WM, Pelopor Sastra Sufi di Indonesia|last=Writer|first=Content|date=2018-06-24|website=NUSANTARANEWS|language=id|access-date=2026-02-21}}</ref> Pado taun 1982, inyo diangkek sabagai Katua [[Dewan Kesenian Jakarta|Dewan Seni Jakarta]] dan katiko reformasi bagulia [[Hamzah Haz|,]] pado [[Pemilihan umum legislatif Indonesia 1999|pamiliahan multi partai 1999]] [[Partai Persatuan Pembangunan|,]] [[Jawa Timur|ateh]] dasakan rekannyo Dr. H. Hamzah Haz, Abdul Hadi didesak maju sebagai wakil daerah wilayah pemilihan [[:id:Jawa_Timur|Jawa Timur]] dari [[:id:Partai_Persatuan_Pembangunan|Partai Persatuan Pembangunan]] (PPP).<ref name=":1" /> Pado taun 2000, inyo diangkek sabagai anggota [[Lembaga Sensor Film]] dan sampai kini inyo manjabat sabagai Katua Dewan Kurator [[Bayt al-Qur'an]] jo [[Museum Istiqlal]], Katua Dewan Budaya [[Muhammadiyah]] member, anggota Dewan Ahli [[Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia|Persatuan Advokat Muslim Indonesia]] [[PARMUSI|dari PARMUSI]] (Persaudaraan Muslimin Indonesia).<ref name=":1" /> Kalibatan Abdul Hadi WM dalam kalangan aktivis Islam dimulai katiko inyo manjadi anggota [[Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam]] (HMI) pado masonyo sabagai mahasiswa di [[Universitas Gadjah Mada|UGM]], kamudian mambantu marintis kalahiran [[Ikatan Mahasiswa Muhammadiyah|Ikatan Mahasiswa Muhammadiyakir]] (IMM) pado taun 1964 basamo [[:id:Amien_Rais|Amien Rais]] jo sahabatnyo sasamo penyair, [[:id:Slamet_Sukirnanto|Slamet Sukirnanto]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shaleh|first=Badrus|date=Maret 2020|url=https://www.nusantarainstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/E-Book-NAA-2019-Sastrawan-Santri.pdf|title=Sastrawan Santri: Etnografi Sastra Pesantren|location=Semarang|publisher=Lembaga Studi Sosial dan Agama (eLSA) Press|isbn=978- 602-6418-56-2|editor-last=Al Qutuby|editor-first=Sumanto|pages=2|url-status=live}}</ref> == Karya == Sakitar taun 1970-an, pangamat maanggapnyo sabagai pambuek puisi [[Sufisme|Sufi]] . Inyo manulih tantang kesepian, kamatian, jo wakatu. Sairiang bajalannyo wakatu, karya-karyanya samakin dipangaruahi dek tasawuf Islam. Urang-urang acok mambandiangkannyo jo kawan dakeknyo [[Taufiq Ismail|Taufik Ismail]], nan juo manulih puisi agamo. Namun, inyo mambantah hal iko ''“Dengan tulisan, saya mengajak orang lain untuk mengalami pengalaman religius yang saya rasakan. Sedang Taufik menekankan sisi moralistisnya.”'' Sampai kini Abdul Hadi alah manulih babarapo buku panalitian filsafat antaro lain ''Kembali ke Akar Kembali ke Sumber: Esai-esai Sastra Profetik dan Sufistik'' (Pustaka Firdaus, 1999), ''Islam: Cakrawala Estetik dan Budaya'' (Pustaka Firdaus, 1999), ''Tasawuf Yang Tertindas'', serta beberapa buku kumpulan puisi antara lain ''At Last We Meet Again'', ''Arjuna in Meditation'' (bersama [[:id:Sutardji_Calzoum_Bachri|Sutardji Calzoum Bachri]] dan [[:id:Darmanto_Yatman|Darmanto Yatman]]), ''Laut Belum Pasang'', ''Meditasi'', ''Cermin'', ''Tergantung pada Angin'', ''Potret Panjang Seorang Pengunjung Pantai Sanur'', ''Anak Laut Anak Angin'', ''Madura: Luang Prabhang dan Pembawa Matahari.'' Sajumlah karya sastra Sufi jo sastra dunia nan ditarjamahan, tarutamo karya Iqbal, Rumi, Hafiz, Goethe, penyair Sufi Persia jo penyair Japang moderen. Salain itu, inyo juo manulih babarapo buku dongeng anak-anak untuak [[Balai Pustaka]].<ref name=":1" /> Puisinyo alah ditarjamahan ka [[Inggirih|bahaso Inggirih]], [[Parancih]], [[Balando]], [[Japang]], [[Jerman]], [[Republik Rakyaik Cino|Cino]], [[Thailand]], [[Bahaso Arab|Arab]], [[Bengali]], [[Bahaso Urdu|Urdu]], [[Korea]] jo [[Spanyol]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tempo.co/teroka/mengenang-tokoh-sastrawan-indonesia-abdul-hadi-wm-dengan-berbagai-prestasinya-45947|title=Mengenang Tokoh Sastrawan Indonesia, Abdul Hadi WM dengan Berbagai Prestasinya|date=25 Juni 2024 {{!}} 23.00 WIB|website=Tempo|language=id|access-date=2026-02-21}}</ref> == Rujuakan == <references /> [[Kategori:Wiki Cinto Ramadan 2026]] cb4t433m37sqqa05i4x398nucs8y4ao Wikipedia:Artikel nan Tapiliah/Maret 2026 4 477464 3346061 3344535 2026-04-24T10:50:06Z Naval Scene 55 3346061 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Berkas:Aren pinna 080813 1988 K srna.jpg|left|150px]] '''Biluluak '''(atau '''buah tap''') iyolah namo makanan babantuak lonjong jo bawarna putiah nan marupokan incek dari batang anau. Caro mambuek biluluak iko, biasonyo buah anau dibaka dulu, sudah itu diambiak inceknyo untuak diabuih salamo babarapo jam. Incek buah anau nan alah diabuih itu lalu dirandam jo aia sada babarapo hari untuak difermentasikan. Biluluak manganduang aia nan sangaik tinggi, sampai 93,8% dalam setiok 100 gram-nyo. Biluluak iko pun manganduang 0,69 gram protein, 4 gram karbohidrat, jo abu kiro-kiro sa-gram kamudian serat kasa 0,95 gram. Salain raso buahnyo nan malapeh hauih, makan biluluak dapek malancakan karajo saluran cerna manusia. Biluluak iko biasonyo banyak tadapek di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]] nan dijadikan bahan pambuek kolak jo es buah. Kanduangan karbohidrat biluluak dapek manganyangkan... '''([[Biluluak|salangkoknyo...]])''' <small>Artikel nan Tapiliah sabalunnyo: [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]] &ndash; [[Rohana Muthalib]] &ndash; [[Musajik Rayo Gantiang]] &ndash; [[Ramadan]]</small> [[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah 2026]] hxklnppn6423y7anw996mpdfu1zhbs3 Wikipedia:Artikel nan Tapiliah/April 2026 4 477571 3346062 3345217 2026-04-24T10:50:28Z Naval Scene 55 3346062 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Idioma minangkabau.png|left|150px]] '''Bahaso Minangkabau''' atau '''baso Minang''' marupokan bahaso nan tamasuak dalam [[Rumpun Bahaso Austronesia|rumpun bahaso Austronesia]]. Baso Minang acok disabuik sacaro umum dek etnis lain di [[Indonesia]] sabagai ''Bahasa [[Padang]]''. Baso Minang dipakai dek [[urang Minang]] di [[Sumatra Barat]], sarato urang Minang di rantau baiak di Indonesia atau di lua nagari. Baso Minang ko mampunyoi banyak dialek, bahkan dialek di duo nagari nan badakekanpun dapek sajo babeda. Pabedaan dialek ko dapek dari intonasi (ado dialek nan agak bairama, ado nan data sajo, bahkan ado pulo nan agak kareh) maupun dari pilihan kato. Tapi sacaro umum baso Minang nan dipakai di pakotaan, utamonyo di Padang atau kota-kota parantauan di lua Sumbar, manjadi bahaso panganta untuak urang-urang Minang nan dari babagai daerah baiak dalam mangecek sahari-hari maupun dalam kasusastraan Minangkabau. Hal iko tajadi dek wilayah pakotaan tacampua sagalo macam dialek nan ado di wilayah Minangkabau sainggo bahaso Minangkabau di pakotaan dianggap sabagai bahaso Minangkabau umum. Bahaso Minang kini dalam kategori nan cukuik aman dari kapunahan dek karano masih digunoan sabagai bahaso sahari-hari dek masyarakaik Minangkabau. Walaupun banyak [[urang Minang]]kabau nan [[marantau]] ka babagai daerah, bahaso Minang masih juo dibaok sarato gunoannyo dalam mangecek sahari-hari jo sasamo urang Minang di rantau…'''([[Bahaso Minangkabau|salangkoknyo...]])''' <small>Artikel nan Tapiliah sabalunnyo: [[Biluluak]] &ndash; [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]] &ndash; [[Rohana Muthalib]] &ndash; [[Musajik Rayo Gantiang]]</small> [[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah 2026]] d8c4rqogah6p14im969dftxtf9c8gfb Pulau Natal 0 477673 3346039 3345922 2026-04-24T02:08:27Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3346039 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Christmas Island relief location map.svg|thumb]] [[File:Australia on the globe (Christmas Island special) (Southeast Asia centered).svg|thumb]] '''Pulau Natal''', sacaro rasmi '''Wilayah Pulau Natal''', adolah [[Nagara bagian jo wilayah di Australia|wilayah subarang lauik Australia]] di [[Lautan Hindia]] nan tadiri dari pulau jo namo nan samo. Lataknyo sakitar 350 kilometer (190 mil lauik) di selatan [[Jawa]] dan [[Sumatera|Sumatra]] jo sakitar 1.550 km (840 mil lauik) di barat lauik titiak tadakek di darek [[Australia]]. Lawehnyo adolah 135 kilometer pasagi (52 mil pasagi).<ref name="Area">[https://www.mycouncil.wa.gov.au/Council/ViewCouncil/25 Shire of Christmas Island]</ref> Isolasi geografis Pulau Natal jo sijarah minimnyo gangguan manusia alah manyababan tingkek [[endemisme]] nan tinggi di antaro flora jo faunanyo, nan manarik bagi ilmuwan jo naturalis.<ref name="wilderness society">{{cite web |url=http://www.wilderness.org.au/campaigns/marine/christmas_island/save_ci/ |title=Save Christmas Island – Introduction |publisher=The Wilderness Society |access-date=14 April 2007 |date=19 September 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609110000/http://www.wilderness.org.au/campaigns/marine/christmas_island/save_ci/ |archive-date=9 June 2007}}</ref> Wilayah ko mandapekan namonyo dari panamunyo pado [[Hari Natal]] tahun 1643 dek Kapten [[William Mynors]]. Pulau Natal mampunyoi panduduak sabanyak 1.692 jiwa pado tahun 2021, jo sabagian gadang tingga di pamukiman tapi utara pulau.<ref name=Census2021>{{cite web |publisher=Australian Government |department=[[Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development]] |title=2021 Census: Christmas Island |url=https://abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/LGA51710 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116101421/https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/LGA51710 |archive-date=16 November 2022|access-date=27 November 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Pamukiman utamo adolah Flying Fish Cove, nan dikenal sabagai The Settlement. Pamukiman lainnyo tamasuak Poon Saan, Drumsite, dan Silver City. Sacaro historis, panduduak Australia katurunan [[Asia]], yaitu [[Urang Cino|Cino]], [[Urang Malayu|Malayu]], jo [[Urang India Parantauan|India]], marupokan mayoritas panduduak.<ref name="SCMP">{{cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/2124098/christmas-island-next-big-thing-travel-home-chinese |title=Christmas Island – the next big thing in travel? Home to Chinese, Indians, and Malays, it's a fascinating mix of cultures |last1=Neville-Hadley |first1=Peter |date=14 December 2017 |website=www.scmp.com |publisher=[[South China Morning Post]] |access-date=17 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215234632/http://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/2124098/christmas-island-next-big-thing-travel-home-chinese |archive-date=15 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUFPPlatypus/1980/36.pdf |title=The Christmas Island Story |magazine=AUFP Platypus |year=1980 |volume=36 |pages=12–13 |access-date=7 December 2019 |archive-date=7 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207110541/http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUFPPlatypus/1980/36.pdf |url-status=live |archivedate=7 December 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207110541/http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUFPPlatypus/1980/36.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Nagara bagian jo wilayah di Australia]] [[Kategori:Pulau di Australia]] pylyhawtflg7767rht0xc2vtyig23nz Rundiang Pangguno:Ранко Николић 3 477680 3346014 2026-04-23T16:56:20Z J ansari 6839 J ansari mamindahan laman [[Rundiang Pangguno:Ранко Николић]] ka [[Rundiang Pangguno:Ран-кан]]: Secara otomatis memindahkan halaman ketika mengganti nama pengguna "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ранко Николић|Ранко Николић]]" menjadi "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ран-кан|Ран-кан]]" 3346014 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIAH [[Rundiang Pangguno:Ран-кан]] qdf3ree8u303k9ldmbx38g5dwjukdiq Wikipedia:Artikel nan Tapiliah/Mai 2026 4 477681 3346031 2026-04-24T01:17:49Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "[[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|left|150px]] '''Haji''' adolah ziarah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makkah]], kota suci bagi Muslim di [[Arab Saudi]], jo marupokan kawajiban satiok [[Muslim]] dewasa nan mampu sacaro fisik jo finansial untuak manunaiannyo saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik. Dalam Islam, haji dilakuan ka [[Ka'bah]] jo tamasuak salah ciek rukun Islam basamo [[syahadaik]], [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], sarato [[Ramadhan|puaso Ramadhan]]. Ibadah ko m..." 3346031 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|left|150px]] '''Haji''' adolah ziarah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makkah]], kota suci bagi Muslim di [[Arab Saudi]], jo marupokan kawajiban satiok [[Muslim]] dewasa nan mampu sacaro fisik jo finansial untuak manunaiannyo saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik. Dalam Islam, haji dilakuan ka [[Ka'bah]] jo tamasuak salah ciek rukun Islam basamo [[syahadaik]], [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], sarato [[Ramadhan|puaso Ramadhan]]. Ibadah ko mancaminan pasaudaraan, kasataraan, sarato katunduakan umaik Islam pado [[Allah]], sakaliguih manjadi sarana panyucian diri dari doso. Rangkaian ibadah haji balansuang salamo 5-6 hari pado 8-12 atau 13 Dzulhijjah. Karano [[Kalender Hijriah|kalender Islam]] babasis lunar, tanggal haji dalam [[Kalender Gregorius|kalender Masehi]] babedo-bedo tiok tahunnyo. Ritual haji maliputi [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka'bah, [[sa'i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], wukuf di [[Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], [[mambae jumrah]], sarato diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan barayo [[Iduladha]].'''([[Haji|salangkoknyo...]])''' <small>Artikel nan Tapiliah sabalunnyo: [[Bahaso Minangkabau]] &ndash; [[Biluluak]] &ndash; [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]] &ndash; [[Rohana Muthalib]] [[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah 2026]] mc8qm3z62aseru69h9788v582at74r8 3346057 3346031 2026-04-24T10:27:05Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346057 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|left|150px]] '''Haji''' adolah ziarah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makkah]], kota suci bagi Muslim di [[Arab Saudi]], jo marupokan kawajiban satiok [[Muslim]] dewasa nan mampu sacaro fisik jo finansial untuak manunaiannyo saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik. Dalam Islam, haji dilakuan ka [[Ka'bah]] jo tamasuak salah ciek rukun Islam basamo [[syahadaik]], [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], sarato [[Ramadhan|puaso Ramadhan]]. Ibadah ko mancaminan pasaudaraan, kasataraan, sarato katunduakan umaik Islam pado [[Allah]], sakaliguih manjadi sarana panyucian diri dari doso. Rangkaian ibadah haji balansuang salamo 5-6 hari pado 8-12 atau 13 Dzulhijjah. Karano [[Kalender Hijriah|kalender Islam]] babasis lunar, tanggal haji dalam [[Kalender Gregorius|kalender Masehi]] babedo-bedo tiok tahunnyo. Ritual haji maliputi [[ihram]], tawaf mangaliliangi Ka'bah, [[sa'i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], wukuf di [[Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], [[mambae jumrah]], sarato diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan barayo [[Iduladha]].'''([[Haji|salangkoknyo...]])''' <small>Artikel nan Tapiliah sabalunnyo: [[Bahaso Minangkabau]] &ndash; [[Biluluak]] &ndash; [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]] &ndash; [[Rohana Muthalib]] [[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah 2026]] qrpmgoj1kyqs8qt69r7qwqwd2llsy0a 3346058 3346057 2026-04-24T10:31:44Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346058 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|left|150px]] '''Haji''' adolah ziarah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makkah]], kota suci bagi Muslim di [[Arab Saudi]], jo marupokan kawajiban satiok [[Muslim]] dewasa nan mampu sacaro fisik jo finansial untuak manunaiannyo saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik. Dalam Islam, haji dilakuan ka [[Ka'bah]] jo tamasuak salah ciek rukun Islam basamo [[syahadaik]], [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], sarato [[Ramadhan|puaso Ramadhan]]. Ibadah ko mancaminan pasaudaraan, kasataraan, sarato katunduakan umaik Islam pado [[Allah]], sakaliguih manjadi sarana panyucian diri dari doso. Rangkaian ibadah haji balansuang salamo 5-6 hari pado 8-12 atau 13 Dzulhijjah. Karano [[Kalender Hijriah|kalender Islam]] babasis lunar, tanggal haji dalam [[Kalender Gregorius|kalender Masehi]] babedo-bedo tiok tahunnyo. Ritual haji maliputi [[ihram]], tawaf mangaliliangi Ka'bah, sa'i antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], wukuf di [[Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], [[mambae jumrah]], sarato diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan barayo [[Iduladha]].'''([[Haji|salangkoknyo...]])''' <small>Artikel nan Tapiliah sabalunnyo: [[Bahaso Minangkabau]] &ndash; [[Biluluak]] &ndash; [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]] &ndash; [[Rohana Muthalib]] [[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah 2026]] 0ahk1do8qnzizvflzety750kbkmzu58 3346063 3346058 2026-04-24T10:50:53Z Naval Scene 55 3346063 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|left|150px]] '''Haji''' adolah ziarah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makkah]], kota suci bagi Muslim di [[Arab Saudi]], jo marupokan kawajiban satiok [[Muslim]] dewasa nan mampu sacaro fisik jo finansial untuak manunaiannyo saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik. Dalam Islam, haji dilakuan ka [[Ka'bah]] jo tamasuak salah ciek rukun Islam basamo [[syahadaik]], [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], sarato [[Ramadhan|puaso Ramadhan]]. Ibadah ko mancaminan pasaudaraan, kasataraan, sarato katunduakan umaik Islam pado [[Allah]], sakaliguih manjadi sarana panyucian diri dari doso. Rangkaian ibadah haji balansuang salamo 5-6 hari pado 8-12 atau 13 Dzulhijjah. Karano [[Kalender Hijriah|kalender Islam]] babasis lunar, tanggal haji dalam [[Kalender Gregorius|kalender Masehi]] babedo-bedo tiok tahunnyo. Ritual haji maliputi [[ihram]], tawaf mangaliliangi Ka'bah, sa'i antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], wukuf di [[Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], [[mambae jumrah]], sarato diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan barayo [[Iduladha]].'''([[Haji|salangkoknyo...]])''' <small>Artikel nan Tapiliah sabalunnyo: [[Bahaso Minangkabau]] &ndash; [[Biluluak]] &ndash; [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]] &ndash; [[Rohana Muthalib]]</small> [[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah 2026]] 3criv19a2mrq41zjeqir57ka1gcnaja Kalender Gregorius 0 477682 3346046 2026-04-24T03:03:57Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "Kalender Gregorius adolah kalender nan digunoan di sabagian gadang dunia.{{sfnp|Dershowitz|Reingold|2008|loc=p. 45. "The calendar in use today in most of the world is the Gregorian or ''new-style'' calendar designed by a commission assembled by Pope Gregory XIII in the sixteenth century."}} Kalender ko mulai balaku pado bulan Oktober 1582 sasudah bulla kapausan Inter gravissimas nan dikaluaan dek Paus Gregorius XIII, nan mangelannyo sabagai modifikasi jo pangganti k..." 3346046 wikitext text/x-wiki Kalender Gregorius adolah kalender nan digunoan di sabagian gadang dunia.{{sfnp|Dershowitz|Reingold|2008|loc=p. 45. "The calendar in use today in most of the world is the Gregorian or ''new-style'' calendar designed by a commission assembled by Pope Gregory XIII in the sixteenth century."}} Kalender ko mulai balaku pado bulan Oktober 1582 sasudah bulla kapausan Inter gravissimas nan dikaluaan dek Paus Gregorius XIII, nan mangelannyo sabagai modifikasi jo pangganti kalender Julius. Parubahan utamonyo iolah manampeka tahun kabisat saketek babedo untuak mambuek tahun kalender rato-rato manjadi 365,2425 hari, bukan 365,25 hari takah kalender Julius, sahinggo labiah mandakeki tahun “tropis" atau matoari 365,2422 hari nan ditantuan dek revolusi Bumi mangaliliangi Matoari. Aturan tahun kabisat manyatoan bahwasannyo satiok tahun nan habih dibagi ampek adolah tahun kabisat, kacuali tahun nan habih dibagi 100 (kacuali jikok habih dibagi 400). Misalnyo, tahun 1800 dan 1900 bukan tahun kabisat, tapi 1600 jo 2000 adolah tahun kabisat.<ref>{{cite web |date=n.d. |title=Introduction to Calendars |url=https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/calendars |accessdate=9 May 2022 |publisher=[[United States Naval Observatory]]}}</ref> Kalender Gregorius dibuek untuak mamelokan kasalahan kalender Julius nan panjang bana, sahinggo manyababan pageseran tahadap ekuinoks jo panantuan Paskah. Reformasi ko mailangan salisiah nan malompeki 10 hari pado tahun 1582 jo manyasuaian pahituangan tahun sarato siklus bulan.{{sfnp|Gregory XIII|1582}} Awalnyo digunoan di nagara Katolik, kalender ko kamudian diadobsi sacaro batahap dek nagara lain,{{sfnp|Blegen|2013}} maskipun sabagian gareja Ortodoks masih manggunoan kalender Julius untuak kaparaluan kaagamoan. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bibliografi == {{refbegin |indent=yes}} *{{cite book |last1=Blackburn |first1= Bonnie |last2= Holford-Strevens |first2= Leofranc |year =1999 | title= The Oxford Companion to the Year | publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780192142313|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00blac}}. *{{cite web|last1=Blegen |first1= Carl W. |url=https://nataliavogeikoff.com/2013/12/25/an-odd-christmas-or-the-christmasless-year-of-1923-in-greece/ | title= An Odd Christmas |editor-first1= Natalia |editor-last1=Vogeikoff-Brogan |date= 25 December 2013 | series=From the Archivist's Notebook |access-date= 1 April 2018}} * {{Cite book |last=Bond |first=John James |title=Handy Book of Rules and Tables for Verifying Dates With the Christian Era Giving an Account of the Chief Eras and Systems Used by Various Nations... |publisher=George Bell & Sons |year=1875 |location=London |author-link=John James Bond |chapter=Commencement of the Year, on the 1st of January or otherwise, and adoption of the Gregorian Calendar |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/handybookofrules00inbond/page/91/mode/2up}} *{{cite book|last1=Carabias Torres |first1= A. M |date=2012| title=Salamanca y la medida del tiempo | language=es| location= Salamanca |publisher= Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca}} *{{cite book|author-link1=Nachum Dershowitz |last1= Dershowitz | first1= D. |author-link2=Edward Reingold | last2=Reingold |first2= E. M |year= 2008 | title= [[Calendrical Calculations]] | edition = 3rd |publisher= Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge}} *{{cite book|author=Gregory XIII | author-link = Gregory XIII |year=1582 | url= https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Inter_gravissimas | title= Inter Gravissimas | translator= Wikisource | trans-title=Amongst the most serious tasks of our pastoral office}} * {{cite journal|author-link1=Jean Meeus |last1=Meeus |first1= J. |last2= Savoie |first2= D. | year= 1992 | url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JBAA..102...40M |title= The history of the tropical year | journal= Journal of the British Astronomical Association |volume=102 |number=1 | pages= 40–42|bibcode=1992JBAA..102...40M }} *{{cite conference|last1=Moyer |first1= Gordon | url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?journal=grc..&year=1983&volume=book&page_ind=181 |title=Aloisius Lilius and the ''Compendium Novae Rationis Restituendi Kalendarium'' |editor1-last=Coyne |editor1-first= G. V. |editor2-last= Hoskin |editor2-first= M. A. |editor3-last= Pedersen |editor3-first= O. | year=1983 | conference= Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary |location= Vatican City |publisher= Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano |pages=171–188}} * {{Cite journal |date=1995 |title='Give us our eleven days!': calendar reform in eighteenth-century England |url=https://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/684/1/Poole_GiveUsOurEleven.pdf |journal=Past & Present |publisher=[[Oxford Academic]] |pages=95–139 |doi=10.1093/past/149.1.95 |jstor=651100 |access-date=4 December 2020 |author-last1=Poole |author-first1=Robert |author1-link=Robert Poole (historian) |issue=149}} *{{cite book|last1=Richards |first1= E. G. | year= 1998 | title= Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History | publisher =Oxford University Press|bibcode= 1998mtch.book.....R }} *{{cite book|last1=Richards |first1= E. G. | year=2013 | chapter= Calendars | editor-first1= S. E. | editor-last1= Urban | editor-first2= P. K. | editor-last2 = Seidelmann | title= Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac | edition = 3rd | pages= 585–624 | location= Mill Valley CA | publisher=University Science Books|isbn=978-1-891389-85-6}} *{{cite book|editor-last1=Seidelmann | editor-first1= P. K. |year=1992| title= Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac | edition= 2nd |location= Sausalito, CA |publisher= University Science Books| bibcode= 1992esaa.book.....S }} *{{cite journal |last1=Swerdlow |first1= N. M. |year=1986 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986JHA....17..109S |title= The Length of the Year in the Original Proposal for the Gregorian Calendar | journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy| volume= 17 | number= 49 | pages= 109–118|doi= 10.1177/002182868601700204 |bibcode= 1986JHA....17..109S |s2cid= 118491152 }} *{{cite magazine|last1=Walker | first1= G. W. | url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1945PA.....53..218W | title= Easter Intervals | magazine= Popular Astronomy | issue= 6 | date = June 1945 | volume=53 | pages=162–178, 218–232| bibcode= 1945PA.....53..218W }} *{{cite conference |last1=Ziggelaar |first1= A. | year=1983 | url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?journal=grc..&year=1983&volume=book&page_ind=209 | title=The Papal Bull of 1582 Promulgating a Reform of the Calendar |editor1-last=Coyne |editor1-first= G. V. |editor2-last= Hoskin |editor2-first= M. A. |editor3-last= Pedersen |editor3-first= O. | conference= Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary | location= Vatican City | publisher=Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano | pages= 201–239}} {{refend}} ju7nv6bfceoul54ycpdby0bwp7celln 3346047 3346046 2026-04-24T03:05:09Z Rang Djambak 14874 Mambuek [[Kategori:Kalender Gregorius]] manggunoan [[Bantuan:HotCat|HotCat]] 3346047 wikitext text/x-wiki Kalender Gregorius adolah kalender nan digunoan di sabagian gadang dunia.{{sfnp|Dershowitz|Reingold|2008|loc=p. 45. "The calendar in use today in most of the world is the Gregorian or ''new-style'' calendar designed by a commission assembled by Pope Gregory XIII in the sixteenth century."}} Kalender ko mulai balaku pado bulan Oktober 1582 sasudah bulla kapausan Inter gravissimas nan dikaluaan dek Paus Gregorius XIII, nan mangelannyo sabagai modifikasi jo pangganti kalender Julius. Parubahan utamonyo iolah manampeka tahun kabisat saketek babedo untuak mambuek tahun kalender rato-rato manjadi 365,2425 hari, bukan 365,25 hari takah kalender Julius, sahinggo labiah mandakeki tahun “tropis" atau matoari 365,2422 hari nan ditantuan dek revolusi Bumi mangaliliangi Matoari. Aturan tahun kabisat manyatoan bahwasannyo satiok tahun nan habih dibagi ampek adolah tahun kabisat, kacuali tahun nan habih dibagi 100 (kacuali jikok habih dibagi 400). Misalnyo, tahun 1800 dan 1900 bukan tahun kabisat, tapi 1600 jo 2000 adolah tahun kabisat.<ref>{{cite web |date=n.d. |title=Introduction to Calendars |url=https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/calendars |accessdate=9 May 2022 |publisher=[[United States Naval Observatory]]}}</ref> Kalender Gregorius dibuek untuak mamelokan kasalahan kalender Julius nan panjang bana, sahinggo manyababan pageseran tahadap ekuinoks jo panantuan Paskah. Reformasi ko mailangan salisiah nan malompeki 10 hari pado tahun 1582 jo manyasuaian pahituangan tahun sarato siklus bulan.{{sfnp|Gregory XIII|1582}} Awalnyo digunoan di nagara Katolik, kalender ko kamudian diadobsi sacaro batahap dek nagara lain,{{sfnp|Blegen|2013}} maskipun sabagian gareja Ortodoks masih manggunoan kalender Julius untuak kaparaluan kaagamoan. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bibliografi == {{refbegin |indent=yes}} *{{cite book |last1=Blackburn |first1= Bonnie |last2= Holford-Strevens |first2= Leofranc |year =1999 | title= The Oxford Companion to the Year | publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780192142313|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00blac}}. *{{cite web|last1=Blegen |first1= Carl W. |url=https://nataliavogeikoff.com/2013/12/25/an-odd-christmas-or-the-christmasless-year-of-1923-in-greece/ | title= An Odd Christmas |editor-first1= Natalia |editor-last1=Vogeikoff-Brogan |date= 25 December 2013 | series=From the Archivist's Notebook |access-date= 1 April 2018}} * {{Cite book |last=Bond |first=John James |title=Handy Book of Rules and Tables for Verifying Dates With the Christian Era Giving an Account of the Chief Eras and Systems Used by Various Nations... |publisher=George Bell & Sons |year=1875 |location=London |author-link=John James Bond |chapter=Commencement of the Year, on the 1st of January or otherwise, and adoption of the Gregorian Calendar |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/handybookofrules00inbond/page/91/mode/2up}} *{{cite book|last1=Carabias Torres |first1= A. M |date=2012| title=Salamanca y la medida del tiempo | language=es| location= Salamanca |publisher= Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca}} *{{cite book|author-link1=Nachum Dershowitz |last1= Dershowitz | first1= D. |author-link2=Edward Reingold | last2=Reingold |first2= E. M |year= 2008 | title= [[Calendrical Calculations]] | edition = 3rd |publisher= Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge}} *{{cite book|author=Gregory XIII | author-link = Gregory XIII |year=1582 | url= https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Inter_gravissimas | title= Inter Gravissimas | translator= Wikisource | trans-title=Amongst the most serious tasks of our pastoral office}} * {{cite journal|author-link1=Jean Meeus |last1=Meeus |first1= J. |last2= Savoie |first2= D. | year= 1992 | url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JBAA..102...40M |title= The history of the tropical year | journal= Journal of the British Astronomical Association |volume=102 |number=1 | pages= 40–42|bibcode=1992JBAA..102...40M }} *{{cite conference|last1=Moyer |first1= Gordon | url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?journal=grc..&year=1983&volume=book&page_ind=181 |title=Aloisius Lilius and the ''Compendium Novae Rationis Restituendi Kalendarium'' |editor1-last=Coyne |editor1-first= G. V. |editor2-last= Hoskin |editor2-first= M. A. |editor3-last= Pedersen |editor3-first= O. | year=1983 | conference= Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary |location= Vatican City |publisher= Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano |pages=171–188}} * {{Cite journal |date=1995 |title='Give us our eleven days!': calendar reform in eighteenth-century England |url=https://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/684/1/Poole_GiveUsOurEleven.pdf |journal=Past & Present |publisher=[[Oxford Academic]] |pages=95–139 |doi=10.1093/past/149.1.95 |jstor=651100 |access-date=4 December 2020 |author-last1=Poole |author-first1=Robert |author1-link=Robert Poole (historian) |issue=149}} *{{cite book|last1=Richards |first1= E. G. | year= 1998 | title= Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History | publisher =Oxford University Press|bibcode= 1998mtch.book.....R }} *{{cite book|last1=Richards |first1= E. G. | year=2013 | chapter= Calendars | editor-first1= S. E. | editor-last1= Urban | editor-first2= P. K. | editor-last2 = Seidelmann | title= Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac | edition = 3rd | pages= 585–624 | location= Mill Valley CA | publisher=University Science Books|isbn=978-1-891389-85-6}} *{{cite book|editor-last1=Seidelmann | editor-first1= P. K. |year=1992| title= Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac | edition= 2nd |location= Sausalito, CA |publisher= University Science Books| bibcode= 1992esaa.book.....S }} *{{cite journal |last1=Swerdlow |first1= N. M. |year=1986 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986JHA....17..109S |title= The Length of the Year in the Original Proposal for the Gregorian Calendar | journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy| volume= 17 | number= 49 | pages= 109–118|doi= 10.1177/002182868601700204 |bibcode= 1986JHA....17..109S |s2cid= 118491152 }} *{{cite magazine|last1=Walker | first1= G. W. | url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1945PA.....53..218W | title= Easter Intervals | magazine= Popular Astronomy | issue= 6 | date = June 1945 | volume=53 | pages=162–178, 218–232| bibcode= 1945PA.....53..218W }} *{{cite conference |last1=Ziggelaar |first1= A. | year=1983 | url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?journal=grc..&year=1983&volume=book&page_ind=209 | title=The Papal Bull of 1582 Promulgating a Reform of the Calendar |editor1-last=Coyne |editor1-first= G. V. |editor2-last= Hoskin |editor2-first= M. A. |editor3-last= Pedersen |editor3-first= O. | conference= Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary | location= Vatican City | publisher=Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano | pages= 201–239}} {{refend}} [[Kategori:Kalender Gregorius]] 7h8qyvay3k1cuqq6bozher8xsgomuvh 3346048 3346047 2026-04-24T03:11:20Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346048 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kalender Gregorius''' adolah [[kalender]] nan digunoan di sabagian gadang dunia.{{sfnp|Dershowitz|Reingold|2008|loc=p. 45. "The calendar in use today in most of the world is the Gregorian or ''new-style'' calendar designed by a commission assembled by Pope Gregory XIII in the sixteenth century."}} Kalender ko mulai balaku pado bulan Oktober 1582 sasudah [[bulla kapausan]] ''[[Inter gravissimas]]'' nan dikaluaan dek [[Paus Gregorius XIII]], nan mangelannyo sabagai modifikasi jo pangganti [[kalender Julius]]. Parubahan utamonyo iolah manampekan [[tahun kabisat]] saketek babedo untuak mambuek tahun kalender rato-rato manjadi 365,2425 hari, bukan 365,25 hari takah kalender Julius, sahinggo labiah mandakeki tahun “tropis" atau matoari 365,2422 hari nan ditantuan dek [[revolusi Bumi]] mangaliliangi [[Matoari]]. Aturan tahun kabisat manyatoan bahwasannyo satiok tahun nan habih dibagi ampek adolah tahun kabisat, kacuali tahun nan habih dibagi 100 (kacuali jikok habih dibagi 400). Misalnyo, tahun 1800 dan 1900 bukan tahun kabisat, tapi 1600 jo 2000 adolah tahun kabisat.<ref>{{cite web |date=n.d. |title=Introduction to Calendars |url=https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/calendars |accessdate=9 May 2022 |publisher=[[United States Naval Observatory]]}}</ref> Kalender Gregorius dibuek untuak mamelokan kasalahan kalender Julius nan panjang bana, sahinggo manyababan pageseran tahadap [[ekuinoks]] jo panantuan [[Paskah]]. Reformasi ko mailangan salisiah nan malompeki 10 hari pado tahun 1582 jo manyasuaian pahituangan tahun sarato siklus bulan.{{sfnp|Gregory XIII|1582}} Awalnyo digunoan di nagara [[Katolik]], kalender ko kamudian diadobsi sacaro batahap dek nagara lain,{{sfnp|Blegen|2013}} maskipun sabagian gareja [[Kristen Ortodoks|Ortodoks]] masih manggunoan kalender Julius untuak kaparaluan kaagamoan. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bibliografi == {{refbegin |indent=yes}} *{{cite book |last1=Blackburn |first1= Bonnie |last2= Holford-Strevens |first2= Leofranc |year =1999 | title= The Oxford Companion to the Year | publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780192142313|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00blac}}. *{{cite web|last1=Blegen |first1= Carl W. |url=https://nataliavogeikoff.com/2013/12/25/an-odd-christmas-or-the-christmasless-year-of-1923-in-greece/ | title= An Odd Christmas |editor-first1= Natalia |editor-last1=Vogeikoff-Brogan |date= 25 December 2013 | series=From the Archivist's Notebook |access-date= 1 April 2018}} * {{Cite book |last=Bond |first=John James |title=Handy Book of Rules and Tables for Verifying Dates With the Christian Era Giving an Account of the Chief Eras and Systems Used by Various Nations... |publisher=George Bell & Sons |year=1875 |location=London |author-link=John James Bond |chapter=Commencement of the Year, on the 1st of January or otherwise, and adoption of the Gregorian Calendar |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/handybookofrules00inbond/page/91/mode/2up}} *{{cite book|last1=Carabias Torres |first1= A. M |date=2012| title=Salamanca y la medida del tiempo | language=es| location= Salamanca |publisher= Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca}} *{{cite book|author-link1=Nachum Dershowitz |last1= Dershowitz | first1= D. |author-link2=Edward Reingold | last2=Reingold |first2= E. M |year= 2008 | title= [[Calendrical Calculations]] | edition = 3rd |publisher= Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge}} *{{cite book|author=Gregory XIII | author-link = Gregory XIII |year=1582 | url= https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Inter_gravissimas | title= Inter Gravissimas | translator= Wikisource | trans-title=Amongst the most serious tasks of our pastoral office}} * {{cite journal|author-link1=Jean Meeus |last1=Meeus |first1= J. |last2= Savoie |first2= D. | year= 1992 | url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JBAA..102...40M |title= The history of the tropical year | journal= Journal of the British Astronomical Association |volume=102 |number=1 | pages= 40–42|bibcode=1992JBAA..102...40M }} *{{cite conference|last1=Moyer |first1= Gordon | url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?journal=grc..&year=1983&volume=book&page_ind=181 |title=Aloisius Lilius and the ''Compendium Novae Rationis Restituendi Kalendarium'' |editor1-last=Coyne |editor1-first= G. V. |editor2-last= Hoskin |editor2-first= M. A. |editor3-last= Pedersen |editor3-first= O. | year=1983 | conference= Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary |location= Vatican City |publisher= Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano |pages=171–188}} * {{Cite journal |date=1995 |title='Give us our eleven days!': calendar reform in eighteenth-century England |url=https://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/684/1/Poole_GiveUsOurEleven.pdf |journal=Past & Present |publisher=[[Oxford Academic]] |pages=95–139 |doi=10.1093/past/149.1.95 |jstor=651100 |access-date=4 December 2020 |author-last1=Poole |author-first1=Robert |author1-link=Robert Poole (historian) |issue=149}} *{{cite book|last1=Richards |first1= E. G. | year= 1998 | title= Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History | publisher =Oxford University Press|bibcode= 1998mtch.book.....R }} *{{cite book|last1=Richards |first1= E. G. | year=2013 | chapter= Calendars | editor-first1= S. E. | editor-last1= Urban | editor-first2= P. K. | editor-last2 = Seidelmann | title= Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac | edition = 3rd | pages= 585–624 | location= Mill Valley CA | publisher=University Science Books|isbn=978-1-891389-85-6}} *{{cite book|editor-last1=Seidelmann | editor-first1= P. K. |year=1992| title= Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac | edition= 2nd |location= Sausalito, CA |publisher= University Science Books| bibcode= 1992esaa.book.....S }} *{{cite journal |last1=Swerdlow |first1= N. M. |year=1986 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986JHA....17..109S |title= The Length of the Year in the Original Proposal for the Gregorian Calendar | journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy| volume= 17 | number= 49 | pages= 109–118|doi= 10.1177/002182868601700204 |bibcode= 1986JHA....17..109S |s2cid= 118491152 }} *{{cite magazine|last1=Walker | first1= G. W. | url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1945PA.....53..218W | title= Easter Intervals | magazine= Popular Astronomy | issue= 6 | date = June 1945 | volume=53 | pages=162–178, 218–232| bibcode= 1945PA.....53..218W }} *{{cite conference |last1=Ziggelaar |first1= A. | year=1983 | url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?journal=grc..&year=1983&volume=book&page_ind=209 | title=The Papal Bull of 1582 Promulgating a Reform of the Calendar |editor1-last=Coyne |editor1-first= G. V. |editor2-last= Hoskin |editor2-first= M. A. |editor3-last= Pedersen |editor3-first= O. | conference= Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary | location= Vatican City | publisher=Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano | pages= 201–239}} {{refend}} [[Kategori:Kalender Gregorius]] is7rext8bc51d35ms68rsrjg1mwgw66 Ihram 0 477683 3346052 2026-04-24T09:56:27Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "[[File:Umra Piligrimage.jpg|thumb|Duo urang laki-laki mamakai pakaian ihram katiko umroh.]] Ihram adolah kaadaan suci nan harus dimasuaki dek surang Muslim untuak manjalanan ibadah haji atau umroh. Kaadaan ko dimulai sabalum malewati bateh miqat, jo malakuan ritual panyucian sarato mamakai pakaian ihram nan alah ditantuan. == Batasan == Surang laki-laki nan barado dalam kaadaan ihram indak buliah mangabek simpul atau mamakai pakaian bajaik. Tarompa atau tarompak j..." 3346052 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umra Piligrimage.jpg|thumb|Duo urang laki-laki mamakai pakaian ihram katiko umroh.]] Ihram adolah kaadaan suci nan harus dimasuaki dek surang Muslim untuak manjalanan ibadah haji atau umroh. Kaadaan ko dimulai sabalum malewati bateh miqat, jo malakuan ritual panyucian sarato mamakai pakaian ihram nan alah ditantuan. == Batasan == Surang laki-laki nan barado dalam kaadaan ihram indak buliah mangabek simpul atau mamakai pakaian bajaik. Tarompa atau tarompak japik buliah mampunyoi jaik, tapi harus mambian bagian pagalangan kaki dan bagian balakang kaki tabukak (sabagian pandapek manyatoan bagian muko kaki harus nampak). Dalam kaadaan ihram, laki-laki indak buliah manutuik kapalo atau sabagian darinyo jo kain atau panutuik kapalo. Baiak laki-laki maupun padusi dalam kaadaan ihram indak buliah mamakai saruang tangan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgnroAEACAAJ&q=ibadah+haji+umrah+dan+ziarah+lembaga+tabung+haji|title=Ibadat haji umrah dan ziarah|date=2002|publisher=Lembaga Tabung Haji|isbn=978-983-2819-06-6|language=ms}}</ref> Dalam kaadaan ihram, surang Muslim indak buliah mamakai wawangian pado badan atau pakaian. Jikok pakaian ihram kanai najih atau kanai cairan baaroma, baiak disingajo maupun indak, maka harus diganti jo pakaian ihram baru, jikok indak, umroh atau haji dapek manjadi indak sah. Salain manjago kabarasiahan takah katiko sumbayang, laki-laki Muslim dianjuaan mangarek kuku jo marapian rambuik jo sunguik, sarato manggunoan deodoran. Padusi Muslim diharokan pulo untuak manjago kabarasiahan. Salamo ibadah, aktivitas seksual, marokok, jo bakato kasa indak dibuliahan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ihram|url=http://hajjumrahplanner.com/ihram|work=hajjumrahplanner.com|date=22 November 2016 }}</ref> == Katiko tabang == Katiko barangkek ka Makkah manggunoan kapa tabang, biasonyo dibuekan langkah-langkah agar jama'ah alah dalam kaadaan ihram katiko malewati atau sajajar jo bateh miqat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://islamicstudies.islammessage.com/ResearchPaper.aspx?aid=552|title=The point of Ihram for air travelers|last=al-Ghazali|first=Salih|website=The message of Islam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811191813/http://islamicstudies.islammessage.com/ResearchPaper.aspx?aid=552|archive-date=2016-08-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> Karano itu, babarapo palabuahan udaro di wilayah Muslim manyadioan ruang khusus ihram agar jama'ah dapek baganti pakaian. Jikok manggunoan maskapai dari nagara Muslim, awak kapa tabang biasonyo akan maumuman kapado panumpang agar basiap-siap mamasuaki kaadaan ihram. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} 91qk2hbteavhobul92t0ewg3lru68e5 3346053 3346052 2026-04-24T09:57:24Z Rang Djambak 14874 Mambuek [[Kategori:Haji]] manggunoan [[Bantuan:HotCat|HotCat]] 3346053 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umra Piligrimage.jpg|thumb|Duo urang laki-laki mamakai pakaian ihram katiko umroh.]] Ihram adolah kaadaan suci nan harus dimasuaki dek surang Muslim untuak manjalanan ibadah haji atau umroh. Kaadaan ko dimulai sabalum malewati bateh miqat, jo malakuan ritual panyucian sarato mamakai pakaian ihram nan alah ditantuan. == Batasan == Surang laki-laki nan barado dalam kaadaan ihram indak buliah mangabek simpul atau mamakai pakaian bajaik. Tarompa atau tarompak japik buliah mampunyoi jaik, tapi harus mambian bagian pagalangan kaki dan bagian balakang kaki tabukak (sabagian pandapek manyatoan bagian muko kaki harus nampak). Dalam kaadaan ihram, laki-laki indak buliah manutuik kapalo atau sabagian darinyo jo kain atau panutuik kapalo. Baiak laki-laki maupun padusi dalam kaadaan ihram indak buliah mamakai saruang tangan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgnroAEACAAJ&q=ibadah+haji+umrah+dan+ziarah+lembaga+tabung+haji|title=Ibadat haji umrah dan ziarah|date=2002|publisher=Lembaga Tabung Haji|isbn=978-983-2819-06-6|language=ms}}</ref> Dalam kaadaan ihram, surang Muslim indak buliah mamakai wawangian pado badan atau pakaian. Jikok pakaian ihram kanai najih atau kanai cairan baaroma, baiak disingajo maupun indak, maka harus diganti jo pakaian ihram baru, jikok indak, umroh atau haji dapek manjadi indak sah. Salain manjago kabarasiahan takah katiko sumbayang, laki-laki Muslim dianjuaan mangarek kuku jo marapian rambuik jo sunguik, sarato manggunoan deodoran. Padusi Muslim diharokan pulo untuak manjago kabarasiahan. Salamo ibadah, aktivitas seksual, marokok, jo bakato kasa indak dibuliahan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ihram|url=http://hajjumrahplanner.com/ihram|work=hajjumrahplanner.com|date=22 November 2016 }}</ref> == Katiko tabang == Katiko barangkek ka Makkah manggunoan kapa tabang, biasonyo dibuekan langkah-langkah agar jama'ah alah dalam kaadaan ihram katiko malewati atau sajajar jo bateh miqat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://islamicstudies.islammessage.com/ResearchPaper.aspx?aid=552|title=The point of Ihram for air travelers|last=al-Ghazali|first=Salih|website=The message of Islam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811191813/http://islamicstudies.islammessage.com/ResearchPaper.aspx?aid=552|archive-date=2016-08-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> Karano itu, babarapo palabuahan udaro di wilayah Muslim manyadioan ruang khusus ihram agar jama'ah dapek baganti pakaian. Jikok manggunoan maskapai dari nagara Muslim, awak kapa tabang biasonyo akan maumuman kapado panumpang agar basiap-siap mamasuaki kaadaan ihram. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Haji]] 5a9ni2r18uxt4455hxewufuggznu2qy 3346054 3346053 2026-04-24T09:58:04Z Rang Djambak 14874 Mambuek [[Kategori:Pakaian Muslim]] manggunoan [[Bantuan:HotCat|HotCat]] 3346054 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umra Piligrimage.jpg|thumb|Duo urang laki-laki mamakai pakaian ihram katiko umroh.]] Ihram adolah kaadaan suci nan harus dimasuaki dek surang Muslim untuak manjalanan ibadah haji atau umroh. Kaadaan ko dimulai sabalum malewati bateh miqat, jo malakuan ritual panyucian sarato mamakai pakaian ihram nan alah ditantuan. == Batasan == Surang laki-laki nan barado dalam kaadaan ihram indak buliah mangabek simpul atau mamakai pakaian bajaik. Tarompa atau tarompak japik buliah mampunyoi jaik, tapi harus mambian bagian pagalangan kaki dan bagian balakang kaki tabukak (sabagian pandapek manyatoan bagian muko kaki harus nampak). Dalam kaadaan ihram, laki-laki indak buliah manutuik kapalo atau sabagian darinyo jo kain atau panutuik kapalo. Baiak laki-laki maupun padusi dalam kaadaan ihram indak buliah mamakai saruang tangan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgnroAEACAAJ&q=ibadah+haji+umrah+dan+ziarah+lembaga+tabung+haji|title=Ibadat haji umrah dan ziarah|date=2002|publisher=Lembaga Tabung Haji|isbn=978-983-2819-06-6|language=ms}}</ref> Dalam kaadaan ihram, surang Muslim indak buliah mamakai wawangian pado badan atau pakaian. Jikok pakaian ihram kanai najih atau kanai cairan baaroma, baiak disingajo maupun indak, maka harus diganti jo pakaian ihram baru, jikok indak, umroh atau haji dapek manjadi indak sah. Salain manjago kabarasiahan takah katiko sumbayang, laki-laki Muslim dianjuaan mangarek kuku jo marapian rambuik jo sunguik, sarato manggunoan deodoran. Padusi Muslim diharokan pulo untuak manjago kabarasiahan. Salamo ibadah, aktivitas seksual, marokok, jo bakato kasa indak dibuliahan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ihram|url=http://hajjumrahplanner.com/ihram|work=hajjumrahplanner.com|date=22 November 2016 }}</ref> == Katiko tabang == Katiko barangkek ka Makkah manggunoan kapa tabang, biasonyo dibuekan langkah-langkah agar jama'ah alah dalam kaadaan ihram katiko malewati atau sajajar jo bateh miqat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://islamicstudies.islammessage.com/ResearchPaper.aspx?aid=552|title=The point of Ihram for air travelers|last=al-Ghazali|first=Salih|website=The message of Islam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811191813/http://islamicstudies.islammessage.com/ResearchPaper.aspx?aid=552|archive-date=2016-08-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> Karano itu, babarapo palabuahan udaro di wilayah Muslim manyadioan ruang khusus ihram agar jama'ah dapek baganti pakaian. Jikok manggunoan maskapai dari nagara Muslim, awak kapa tabang biasonyo akan maumuman kapado panumpang agar basiap-siap mamasuaki kaadaan ihram. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Haji]] [[Kategori:Pakaian Muslim]] o97swnel6xfvaixmn7xspg67ddycqcq 3346055 3346054 2026-04-24T09:58:52Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346055 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umra Piligrimage.jpg|thumb|Duo urang laki-laki mamakai pakaian ihram katiko umroh.]] '''Ihram''' adolah kaadaan suci nan harus dimasuaki dek surang [[Muslim]] untuak manjalanan ibadah [[haji]] atau [[umroh]]. Kaadaan ko dimulai sabalum malewati bateh [[miqat]], jo malakuan ritual panyucian sarato mamakai pakaian ihram nan alah ditantuan. == Batasan == Surang laki-laki nan barado dalam kaadaan ihram indak buliah mangabek simpul atau mamakai pakaian bajaik. Tarompa atau tarompak japik buliah mampunyoi jaik, tapi harus mambian bagian pagalangan kaki dan bagian balakang kaki tabukak (sabagian pandapek manyatoan bagian muko kaki harus nampak). Dalam kaadaan ihram, laki-laki indak buliah manutuik kapalo atau sabagian darinyo jo kain atau panutuik kapalo. Baiak laki-laki maupun padusi dalam kaadaan ihram indak buliah mamakai saruang tangan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgnroAEACAAJ&q=ibadah+haji+umrah+dan+ziarah+lembaga+tabung+haji|title=Ibadat haji umrah dan ziarah|date=2002|publisher=Lembaga Tabung Haji|isbn=978-983-2819-06-6|language=ms}}</ref> Dalam kaadaan ihram, surang Muslim indak buliah mamakai wawangian pado badan atau pakaian. Jikok pakaian ihram kanai najih atau kanai cairan baaroma, baiak disingajo maupun indak, maka harus diganti jo pakaian ihram baru, jikok indak, umroh atau haji dapek manjadi indak sah. Salain manjago kabarasiahan takah katiko sumbayang, laki-laki Muslim dianjuaan mangarek kuku jo marapian rambuik jo sunguik, sarato manggunoan deodoran. Padusi Muslim diharokan pulo untuak manjago kabarasiahan. Salamo ibadah, aktivitas seksual, marokok, jo bakato kasa indak dibuliahan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ihram|url=http://hajjumrahplanner.com/ihram|work=hajjumrahplanner.com|date=22 November 2016 }}</ref> == Katiko tabang == Katiko barangkek ka Makkah manggunoan kapa tabang, biasonyo dibuekan langkah-langkah agar jama'ah alah dalam kaadaan ihram katiko malewati atau sajajar jo bateh miqat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://islamicstudies.islammessage.com/ResearchPaper.aspx?aid=552|title=The point of Ihram for air travelers|last=al-Ghazali|first=Salih|website=The message of Islam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811191813/http://islamicstudies.islammessage.com/ResearchPaper.aspx?aid=552|archive-date=2016-08-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> Karano itu, babarapo palabuahan udaro di wilayah Muslim manyadioan ruang khusus ihram agar jama'ah dapek baganti pakaian. Jikok manggunoan maskapai dari nagara Muslim, awak kapa tabang biasonyo akan maumuman kapado panumpang agar basiap-siap mamasuaki kaadaan ihram. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Haji]] [[Kategori:Pakaian Muslim]] ef23cj5tx7cfktqxsy1v7bkir3ksd8f 3346056 3346055 2026-04-24T10:15:51Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346056 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umra Piligrimage.jpg|thumb|Duo urang laki-laki mamakai pakaian ihram katiko umroh.]] '''Ihram''' adolah kaadaan suci nan harus dimasuaki dek surang [[Muslim]] untuak manjalanan ibadah [[haji]] atau [[umroh]]. Kaadaan ko dimulai sabalum malewati bateh [[miqat]], jo malakuan ritual panyucian sarato mamakai pakaian ihram nan alah ditantuan. == Batasan == Surang laki-laki nan barado dalam kaadaan ihram indak buliah mangabek simpul atau mamakai pakaian bajaik. Tarompa atau tarompa japik buliah mampunyoi jaik, tapi harus mambiaan bagian pagalangan kaki dan bagian balakang kaki tabukak (sabagian pandapek manyatoan bagian muko kaki harus nampak). Dalam kaadaan ihram, laki-laki indak buliah manutuik kapalo atau sabagian darinyo jo kain atau panutuik kapalo. Baiak laki-laki maupun padusi dalam kaadaan ihram indak buliah mamakai saruang tangan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgnroAEACAAJ&q=ibadah+haji+umrah+dan+ziarah+lembaga+tabung+haji|title=Ibadat haji umrah dan ziarah|date=2002|publisher=Lembaga Tabung Haji|isbn=978-983-2819-06-6|language=ms}}</ref> Dalam kaadaan ihram, surang Muslim indak buliah mamakai wawangian pado badan atau pakaian. Jikok pakaian ihram kanai [[najih]] atau kanai cairan baaroma, baiak disingajo maupun indak, maka harus diganti jo pakaian ihram baru, jikok indak, umroh atau haji dapek manjadi indak sah. Salain manjago kabarasiahan takah katiko [[sumbayang]], laki-laki Muslim dianjuaan mangarek kuku jo marapian rambuik jo sunguik, sarato manggunoan deodoran. Padusi Muslim diharokan pulo untuak manjago kabarasiahan. Salamo ibadah, aktivitas seksual, marokok, jo bakato kasa indak dibuliahan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ihram|url=http://hajjumrahplanner.com/ihram|work=hajjumrahplanner.com|date=22 November 2016 }}</ref> == Katiko tabang == Katiko barangkek ka Makkah manggunoan kapa tabang, biasonyo dibuekan langkah-langkah agar jama'ah alah dalam kaadaan ihram katiko malewati atau sajajar jo bateh miqat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://islamicstudies.islammessage.com/ResearchPaper.aspx?aid=552|title=The point of Ihram for air travelers|last=al-Ghazali|first=Salih|website=The message of Islam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811191813/http://islamicstudies.islammessage.com/ResearchPaper.aspx?aid=552|archive-date=2016-08-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> Karano itu, babarapo palabuahan udaro di wilayah Muslim manyadioan ruang khusus ihram agar jama'ah dapek baganti pakaian. Jikok manggunoan maskapai dari nagara Muslim, awak kapa tabang biasonyo akan maumuman kapado panumpang agar basiap-siap mamasuaki kaadaan ihram. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Haji]] [[Kategori:Pakaian Muslim]] 6xpflmsj0eppfvxytey5uozbxdotlwk