Wikipedia minwiki https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utamo MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Istimewa Rundiang Pangguno Rundiang Pangguno Wikipedia Rundiang Wikipedia Berkas Rundiang Berkas MediaWiki Rundiang MediaWiki Templat Rundiang Templat Bantuan Rundiang Bantuan Kategori Rundiang Kategori Portal Diskusi Portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Rundiang Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara Haji 0 297 3346071 3346027 2026-04-25T00:21:19Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ziarah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |access-date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612115203/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=27 October 2012 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426005515/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |archive-date=26 April 2013 }}</ref> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name="Harrison156">{{cite book |editor1-first=David |editor1-last=Harrison |title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=[[CAB International|CABI]] |isbn=978-0-85199-433-8 |page=156 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127023945/https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name="Adelowo401">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |year=2014 |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |location=Ibadan |page=401 |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=1 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101064315/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133">{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |title=Muslims Mark Most Important Day of Hajj in Saudi Arabia |first=Cecily |last=Hilleary |date=11 September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820141006/https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name="RESA">{{cite web |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/issues/hajj/ |title=Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |access-date=12 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815124605/http://www.saudiembassy.net/issues/hajj/ |archive-date=15 August 2014 }}</ref> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badoso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name=History>{{cite news |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |title=Number of foreign Hajis grows by 2,824 percent in 92 years |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102022130/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |archive-date=2 November 2012 |newspaper=[[The News International]] |access-date=9 October 2016}}</ref> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name=TheDailyStar2015>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |title=Hajj Performed: 2 million pilgrims pray for world peace |date=24 September 2015 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=26 September 2015 |archive-date=16 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184022/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] qaio40bl5qmlv27fkwr7wg6z1rm7knw 3346096 3346071 2026-04-25T07:15:52Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ziarah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], [[tawaf]] mangaliliangi Ka’bah, [[Sa'i|sa’i]] antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], [[wukuf]] di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[Kurban (Islam)|kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |access-date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612115203/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=27 October 2012 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426005515/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |archive-date=26 April 2013 }}</ref> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name="Harrison156">{{cite book |editor1-first=David |editor1-last=Harrison |title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=[[CAB International|CABI]] |isbn=978-0-85199-433-8 |page=156 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127023945/https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name="Adelowo401">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |year=2014 |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |location=Ibadan |page=401 |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=1 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101064315/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133">{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |title=Muslims Mark Most Important Day of Hajj in Saudi Arabia |first=Cecily |last=Hilleary |date=11 September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820141006/https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name="RESA">{{cite web |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/issues/hajj/ |title=Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |access-date=12 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815124605/http://www.saudiembassy.net/issues/hajj/ |archive-date=15 August 2014 }}</ref> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badoso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name=History>{{cite news |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |title=Number of foreign Hajis grows by 2,824 percent in 92 years |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102022130/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |archive-date=2 November 2012 |newspaper=[[The News International]] |access-date=9 October 2016}}</ref> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name=TheDailyStar2015>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |title=Hajj Performed: 2 million pilgrims pray for world peace |date=24 September 2015 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=26 September 2015 |archive-date=16 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184022/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] pe72bmjwtoidfiwr2oeqpi0886t1yoc 3346097 3346096 2026-04-25T07:16:24Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ziarah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], tawaf mangaliliangi Ka’bah, sa’i antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], wukuf di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[Kurban (Islam)|kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=10–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |access-date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612115203/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=27 October 2012 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426005515/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |archive-date=26 April 2013 }}</ref> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name="Harrison156">{{cite book |editor1-first=David |editor1-last=Harrison |title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=[[CAB International|CABI]] |isbn=978-0-85199-433-8 |page=156 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127023945/https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name="Adelowo401">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |year=2014 |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |location=Ibadan |page=401 |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=1 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101064315/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133">{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |title=Muslims Mark Most Important Day of Hajj in Saudi Arabia |first=Cecily |last=Hilleary |date=11 September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820141006/https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name="RESA">{{cite web |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/issues/hajj/ |title=Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |access-date=12 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815124605/http://www.saudiembassy.net/issues/hajj/ |archive-date=15 August 2014 }}</ref> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badoso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=204–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Hijriah|Tahun Hijriah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name=History>{{cite news |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |title=Number of foreign Hajis grows by 2,824 percent in 92 years |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102022130/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |archive-date=2 November 2012 |newspaper=[[The News International]] |access-date=9 October 2016}}</ref> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name=TheDailyStar2015>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |title=Hajj Performed: 2 million pilgrims pray for world peace |date=24 September 2015 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=26 September 2015 |archive-date=16 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184022/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Islam]] g7eltv4eg8uj3vk30u96dip4gtegxz6 Muhammad 0 434 3346076 3186775 2026-04-25T01:04:19Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kegunaanlain|Muhammad}} {{Infobox religious biography | honorific_prefix = Rasullullah | name = Muhammad | native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|مُحَمَّد}}}}}} | native_name_lang = ar | image = Al-Masjid AL-Nabawi Door.jpg | caption = "Muhammad, Rasulullah" tatulih di garabang [[Masjidil Haram]], [[Madinah]]. | alt = Inscription proclaiming Muhammad as the messenger of God | birth_date = {{Circa|570&nbsp;CE}} (53 [[Kalender Hijriyah|SH]]){{sfn|Conrad|1987}} | birth_place = {{Longitem|[[Makah]], Hijaz, Arabia}} | death_date = {{Death date|632|6|8|df=y}} CE (11 H; umua 61–62) | death_place = {{Longitem|[[Madinah]], [[nagara Islam patamo]]}} | resting_place = {{Longitem|style=white-space; |[[Kubah Ijau]] di [[Musajik Nabawi]], Madinah, Arabia}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|24|28|03|N|39|36|41|E|type:landmark_scale:5000_region:SA|display=inline|name=Green Dome}} | other_names = {{Tlit|ar|Rasūl Allāh}} ({{literal translation|Utusan Allah}})<br />Caliak [[Namo jo gala Muhammad]] | known_for = * Mandirian [[Islam]] * Nabi utamo Islam jo [[Druze]] * [[Manifestasi Tuhan (Baháʼí)|Manifestasi Tuhan]] dalam agamo [[Baháʼí]] | spouse = Caliak [[bini-bini Muhammad]] | children = Caliak [[anak-anak Muhammad]] | parents = {{plainlist| * [[Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib]] (ayah) * [[Aminah binti Wahb]] (amak) }} | relatives = [[Ahlul Bait]] ({{literal translation|Urang-urang rumah}})<br />Caliak [[Ranji Muhammad]] | module = {{Infobox Arabic name|embed=yes |ism=Muḥammad |ism-ar={{Script|Arab|مُحَمَّد}} |nasab=Ibn [[Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib|ʿAbdullāh]] bin [[Abdul Muttalib|ʿAbdul Muṭṭalib]] bin [[Hashim bin Abdul Manaf|Hāshim]] bin [[Abdul Manaf bin Qusai|ʿAbdul Manāf]] bin [[Qusai bin Kilab|Quṣayy]] bin [[Kilab bin Murrah|Kilāb]] |nasab-ar={{Script|Arab|ٱبْن عَبْد ٱللَّٰه بْن عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب بْن هَاشِم بْن عَبْد مَنَاف بْن قُصَيّ بْن كِلَاب}} |kunya=[[Abū al-Qāsim]] |kunya-ar={{Script|Arab|أَبُو ٱلْقَاسِم}} |laqab=[[Panutuik Para Nabi|Khātam al-Nabiyyīn]] |laqab-ar={{Script|Arab|خَاتَم ٱلنَّبِيِّين}} }} | religion = }} {{Islam|expanded=sijarah}} '''Muḥammad''' ({{Lang-ar-at|a= &#65012;|t=Muḥammad}};<ref>Unicode has a special "Muhammad" ligature at U+FDF4 {{Script|Arab|ﷴ}}</ref> {{IPA-ar|mʊˈħæmmæd|pron|Ar-muhammad.ogg}}<ref>{{Audio|Ar-muhammad.ogg|klik di siko}} untuak lafal Arab.</ref><ref>Variant transcriptions of Muhammad's name, besides those used above, include — (English and multiple European languages:) "Mahomet"; ([[:fr:Mahomet|French]]:) "Mahomet, Mohamed, Mouhammed, Mahon, Mahomés, Mahun, Mahum, Mahumet, Mahound (medieval French), Mohand (for [[Berber language|Berber]] speakers), Mouhammadou and Mamadou (in Sub-Saharan Africa)"; ([[:la:Machometus|Latin]]:) "Machometus, Mahumetus, Mahometus, Macometus, Mahometes"; ([[:es:Mahoma|Spanish]]:) "Mahoma"; ([[:it:Maometto|Italian]]:) "Maometto"; ([[:pt:Maomé|Portuguese]]:) "Maomé"; ([[:el:Μωάμεθ|Greek]]:) "Μωάμεθ, Μουχάμμαντ, Μοχάμαντ, Μοχάμεντ, Μουχάμεντ, Μουχάμμαιντ"; ([[:tr:Mehmet|Turkish]]:) "Mehmet"; ([[:ku:Mihemed|Kurdish]]:) "Mihemed". See also ''Encyclopedia of Islam'': ([[German language|German]]:) "Machmet" (pre-20th century).</ref><ref name="Honest 2004 p. 85">The sources frequently say that, in his youth, he was called by the nickname "Al-Amin" meaning "Honest, Truthful" cf. Ernst (2004), p. 85.</ref>, salangkoknyo '''Muḥammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Mutthalib bin Hasyim''' ({{lahirmati|[[Makah]]|20|4|570|[[Madinah]]|8|06|632}}) adolah nabi nan rasul tarakhia manuruik umaik Islam manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]] [http://quran.com/33/40 surah Al-Ahzab:33/40]. Nabi Muhammad mamuloi panyebaran ajaran Islam untuak saluruah umaik manusia jo mawarihan [[Kakhalifahan|pamarentahan tungga Islam]]. Walaupun non-Muslim umumnyo manganggap Muhammad sabagai pandiri Islam, dalam pandangan Muslim, Muhammad turuik managakan ajaran tauhid untuak mangasokan Allah sabagaimano nan dibaok dek nabi jo rasul sabalunnyo sajak dari [[Nabi Nuah]]. Umaik Muslim manyabuik Muhammad jo salam panghormatan ''Shalallaahu 'Alayhi Wasallam'' sarato diiriangi [[shalawat Nabi|salawat Nabi]] satiok namo Muhammad disabuik. Lahia pado taun 570 di [[Makah]], Muhammad malalui maso ketek sabagai yatim piatu; digadangan di bawah asuahan paktuonyo [[Abu Thalib]]. Baranjak gadang, Muhammad bakarajo sabagai padagang. Muhammad kadang-kadang mangasiangan diri ka ngalau di sabuah bukik sampai bamalam-malam untuak maranuang jo badoa; diriwayaikkan dalam umua ka-40, Muhammad didatangi dek [[Malaikaik Jibril]] sarato manarimo wahyu partamo dari Allah. Muhammad manyatoan diri sabagai utusan Allah, sabagaimano nabi-nabi nan alah Allah utuih sabalunnyo. Tigo taun sasudah wahyu partamo, Muhammad muloi badakwah sacaro tarang-tarangan, manyatokan kaasoan Allah dalam bantuak panyarahan diri malalui Islam sabagai agamo nan bana. Muhammad manarimo wahyu baransua-angsua sampai maningga dunia. Praktek atau amalan Muhammad diriwayaikan dalam [[hadits]], dirujuak dek umaik Islam sabagai sumber hukum Islam basamo [[Al-Qur'an]]. Muhammad basamo pangikuik awa mandapek babagai bantuak palawanan jo panyiksoan dari babarapo suku di Makah. Sairiang panganiayoan nan taruih balanjuik, Muhammad mambuliahan babarapo pangikuiknyo hijrah ka [[Habsyah]], sabalun Muhammad mamulai misi [[hijrah ka Madinah]] pado taun 622. Paristiwa hijrah manandoi awal pananggalan [[Kalender Hijriah]] dalam Islam. Di Madinah, Muhammad manyatuan suku-suku di bawah [[Piagam Madinah]]. Sasudah salapan taun batahan dek sarangan suku-suku Makah, Muhammad mangumpuan 10.000 Muslim untuak mangapuang Mekkah. Sarangan indak mandapek palawanan nan bararti inggo Muhammad maambiak aliah kota tanpa saketek patumpahan darah. Wakatu itu Muhammad mangancuan juo patuang-patuang sakitar Ka'bah. Pado taun 632, babarapo bulan sasudah baliak ka Madinah salapeh manjalani [[Haji Wada'|Haji Wada]], Muhammad jatuah sakik lalu wafat. Muhammad maninggaan [[Jazirah Arab]] nan alah basatu dalam pamarentahan tunggal Islam nan sabagian gadangnyo alah manarimo Islam.<!-- [[Michael H. Hart]] dalam bukunyo ''[[The 100]]'' manilai Muhammad sabagai tokoh paliang bapangaruah sapanjang sijarah manusia. Manuruik Hart, Muhammad adolah satu-satunyo urang nan barasia maraiah kabarasilan lua biaso baiak dalam hal [[agamo|spiritual]] maupun kamasyarakaikan. Hart mancatat baso Muhammad mampu mangatua banso nan awalnya mamantiangan dirinyo surang, [[barbar]], tabalakang, jo tapacah-balah dek sentimen kasukuan manjadi banso nan maju dalam bidang ekonomi, kabudayoan, jo kamiliteran bahkan mampu mangalahan pasukan [[Romawi]] nan pado maso itu marupokan kakuatan militer tamaju di dunia.<ref name="mhh">Hart, Michael. 2007. ''100 Tokoh Paling Berpengaruh Sepanjang Masa''. Batam: Karisma Publising Group.</ref>--> == Etimologi == "''Muhammad''" ({{lang-ar-at|a= محمد بن عبد الله|t=Muḥammad}};<ref>[[Unicode]] has a special "Muhammad" [[Ligature (typography)|ligature]] at U+FDF4 {{script|Arab|ﷴ}}</ref> {{IPA-ar|mʊħɑmmæd|pron|Ar-muhammad.ogg}})<ref name="Honest 2004 p. 85"/><ref>{{Audio|Ar-muhammad.ogg|click here}} for the [[Fonologi Arab|Pengucapan Arab]].</ref><ref>babagai namo Muhammad dalam bahaso Parancih: "Mahon, Mahomés, Mahun, Mahum, Mahumet"; dalam bahaso Jerman: "Machmet"; jo dalam bahaso Islandia kuno: "Maúmet" cf Muhammad, ''Encyclopedia of Islam''</ref> sacaro bahaso barasa dari aka kato [[semit]]ik<nowiki> '</nowiki>'''H-M-D'''' nan dalam bahaso Arab bararti "inyo nan tapuji". Salain itu, dalam salah satu ayat [[Al-Qur'an]],<ref>[[Surah As-Saff]] (QS 61:6)</ref> Muhammad diimbau jo namo "'''''Ahmad'''''" ('''أحمد'''), nan dalam bahaso Arab bararti "tapuji" juo. Sabalun maso kanabian, Muhammad mandapekan duo gala dari suku [[Quraisy]] (suku tagadang di Makah nan suku dari Muhammad juo) iyolah '''''Al-Amiin''''' nan aratinyo "urang nan dapaek dipicayo" jo '''''As-Saadiq''''' nan aratinyo "nan bana". Sasudah maso kanabian para sahabatnyo maimbaunyo jo gala '''''Rasul Allāh''''' (رسول الله), alah tu manambahan kalimaik ''Shalallaahu 'Alayhi Wasallam'' (صلى الله عليه و سلم, nan bararti "mudah-mudahan Allah maagiah kasanangan jo salamaik kapadonyo"; acok disingkek "S.A.W" atau "SAW") sasudah namonyo. Muhammad juo mandapekan julukan '''''Abu al-Qasim'''''<ref name=kunya>Dari Anas bin Malik, inyo mangecekan, "Saurang mangimbau kawannyo di pakubuan Baqi' sambia maimbau, 'Wahai Abul Qasim!' Rasulullah SAW manoleh kapadonyo. Inyo mangecekan, 'Wahai Rasulullah, indak engkau nan ambo mukasuik, tapi ambo mangimbau si ''fulan''.' Mako Rasulullah SAW basabda, 'Pakailah namo ambo tapi jan pakai ''kuniyah'' ambo'," (Hadits riwayaik Bukhari no. 3537 jo Muslim no. 2131).</ref> nan bararti "Apak Qasim", karano Muhammad panah punyo anak bujang nan banamo Qasim, tapi maningga dunia sabalun gadang. == Genealogi == {{utama|Ranji keluarga Muhammad}} Ranji Muhammad dari kaduo urang tuonya baliak ka Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka'b bin Lu'ay bin Ghalib bin Fihr (''Quraish'') bin Malik bin an-Nadr (Qais) bin Kinanah bin Khuzaimah bin Mudrikah (Amir) bin [[Ilyas]] bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma`ad bin Adnan.<ref name="Lings">Lings, Martin. ''Muhammad: Kisah Hidup Nabi berdasarkan Sumber Klasik''. Jakarta: Penerbit Serambi, 2002. ISBN 979-3335-16-5</ref> Adnan marupokan katurunan bujang ka tujuah dari [[Nabi Ismail|Ismail]] bin [[Nabi Ibrahim|Ibrahim]], iyolah katurunan [[Sam]] bin [[Nabi Nuh|Nuh]]. Labiah langkok ranji dari Muhammad sampai Adam adolah Muhammad bin [[Abdullah bin Syaibah|Abdullah]] bin [[Syaibah bin Hâsyim|Abdul Mutthalib]] bin [[Hasyim bin 'Abd al-Manaf|Hasyim]] bin [[Abdulmanaf bin Qushay|Abdul Manaf]] bin [[Qushay bin Kilab|Qushay]] bin Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka’ab bin Luay bin Ghalib bin [[Quraisy|Fihr]] (Quraisy) bin Malik bin Nadhr bin Kinanah bin Khuzayma bin Mudrikah bin Ilyas bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma'ad bin Adnan bin Udad bin al-Muqawwam bin Nahur bin Tayrah bin Ya'rub bin Yasyjub bin Nabit bin '''[[Ismail]]''' bin '''[[Ibrahim]]''' bin [[Terah|Tarih]] (Azar) bin [[Nahor|Nahur]] bin [[Serug|Saru’]] bin [[Rehu|Ra’u]] bin [[Peleg|Falikh]] bin [[Eber|Aybir]] bin Syalikh bin [[Arpakhsad|Arfakhsyad]] bin [[Sem|Sam]] bin '''[[Nuh]]''' bin [[Lamekh|Lamikh]] bin [[Metusalah|Mutusyalikh]] bin '''[[Idris|Akhnukh]]''' bin [[Yared|Yarda]] bin [[Mahalaleel|Mahlil]] bin [[Kenan|Qinan]] bin [[Enos (Alkitab)|Yanish]] bin '''[[Syits]]''' bin '''[[Adam]]'''. Nasab ko disabuikan dek Muhammad bin Ishak bin Yasar al-Madani di salah satu riwayaiknyo. Nasab Rasulullah sampai Adnan disapakati dek para ulama, sadangkan sasudah Adnan tajadi pabedaan pandapaik. Mukasuik dari Quraisy adolah anak bujang dari Fihr bin Malik atau an-Nadhr bin Kinanah. == Riwayat == === Kelahiran === {{utama|Maulud Nabi Muhammad}} Para ulama dan panuliih ''sirah'' sapandapek baso hari kalahiran Muhammad jatuah pado bulan Rabiul Awal.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |last=Esposito |first=John L. (ed.) |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0 |page=198 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/?id=E324pQEEQQcC&pg=PA198&dq=muhammad+birthday+Rabi%27+al-awwal#v=onepage&q=muhammad%20birthday%20Rabi%27%20al-awwal&f=false |accessdate=19 June 2012}}</ref> Muhammad lahia di [[Makah]], kota bagian selatan [[Jazirah Arab]], labiah-kurang taun 570, badakekan jo [[Taun Gajah]] nan marupoan taun kagagalan panyarangan Mekkah dek pasukan bagajah di bawah pimpinan [[Abrahah]].<ref name="abraha">* {{cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S0041977X00049016 | last1 = Conrad | first1 = Lawrence I. | year = 1987 | title = Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1 | url = http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3863868&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X00049016 | journal = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 225–240 | access-date = 2015-04-09 | archive-date = 2012-01-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120121152608/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3863868&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X00049016 | dead-url = yes }} * {{Cite book| publisher = G. Bell| last = Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby| title = Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars: with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars| year = 1901| url = http://archive.org/details/elementsofjewish00burnuoft| page = 465}} * {{Cite journal| pages = 6–12| last = Hamidullah| first = Muhammad| authorlink = Muhammad Hamidullah| title = The Nasi', the Hijrah Calendar and the Need of Preparing a New Concordance for the Hijrah and Gregorian Eras: Why the Existing Western Concordances are Not to be Relied Upon| journal = The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs| date = February 1969| url = http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf| access-date = 2015-04-09| archive-date = 2012-11-05| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121105021544/http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf| dead-url = yes}}</ref><ref name="EncWorldHistory">''Encyclopedia of World History'' (1998), p. 452</ref> Pandapek paliang mashua marujuak tanggal 12 Rabiul Awal sabagai hari kalahiran Muhammad. Manuruik teks hadits, Muhammad manyebuik hari Senin sabagai hari kalahirannyo. Panulih ''sirah'' Sulaiman Al-Manshurfuri jo ahli astronomi Mahmud Basya dalam panalitiannyo malacak hari Senin nan dimukasuik batepekan jo tanggal 9 Rabiul Awal. Muhammad barasa dari sabuah klan [[suku Quraisy]] yakni [[Bani Hasyim]] nan mawarisi ranji tahormat di Makah, sakalipun indak tanamo karano kakayoannyo.<ref name="EoI-Muhammad">{{Cite encyclopedia | edition = 2nd| publisher = Brill Academic Publishers| volume = 7| pages = 360–376| last2 = Welch| first2 = A. T.| last1=Buhl | first1 = F.| title = Muḥammad| encyclopedia = [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]| isbn = 90-04-09419-9| year = 1993}}</ref> Ayahnyo, [[Abdullah bin Syaibah|Abdullah]] maningga wakatu Muhammad masih dalam kanduangan, anam bulan sabalun kalahiran.<ref name="Meri2004">{{citation |last=Meri |first=Josef W. |authorlink=Josef W. Meri |title=Medieval Islamic civilization |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC |accessdate=3 January 2013 |volume=1 |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96690-0 |page=525}}</ref> Muhammad bayi dibaok tingga basamo kaluarga dusun di padalaman, mangikuik tradisi pakotaan maso itu untuak manguekan badan jo manjauahan anak dari panyakik pakotaan.<ref name="WattHalimah">Watt, "[http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/halima-bint-abi-dhuayb-SIM_2648 Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb]", ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]''.</ref> Baliau diasuah jo disusui dek [[Halimah As-Sa'diyah|Halimah binti Abi Dhuayb]] di kampuang Bani Saad salamo duo taun.<ref name="IntroQuran182"/> Sasudah itu, Muhammad ketek dibaliakan untuak diasuah kapado budak [[Ummu Aiman]]. Pado umua ka-6, Muhammad kahilangan mandehnyo, [[Aminah binti Wahab|Aminah]] karano sakik.<ref name="IntroQuran182"/><ref>Watt, ''Amina'', [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]</ref> Salamo duo taun sasudahnyo, kabutuahan Muhammad ditangguang jo dicukuikan dek inyiaknyo dari kaluargo ayah, [['Abd al-Muththalib]]. Katiko barumua salapan tahun, inyiaknyo maningga lalu Muhammad sasudahnyo diasuah dek mamaknyo [[Abu Thalib]] nan tampia sabagai pamuko Bani Hasyim sapaningga Abdul Muththalib.<ref name="IntroQuran182">An Introduction to the Quran (1895), p. 182</ref><ref name="Watt7">Watt (1974), p. 7.</ref> ==Rujuakan== {{Reflist|2}} {{Topik Islam}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad}} [[Kategori:Tokoh Islam]] [[Kategori:Islam]] [[Kategori:Tokoh agamo]] {{bio-stub}} 1q9nsm45cx6gj0rmnkyy1j8t33221m3 3346081 3346076 2026-04-25T01:16:04Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kegunaanlain|Muhammad}} {{Infobox religious biography | honorific_prefix = Rasullullah | name = Muhammad | native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|مُحَمَّد}}}}}} | native_name_lang = ar | image = Al-Masjid AL-Nabawi Door.jpg | caption = "Muhammad, Rasulullah" tatulih di garabang [[Masjidil Haram]], [[Madinah]]. | alt = Inscription proclaiming Muhammad as the messenger of God | birth_date = {{Circa|570&nbsp;CE}} (53 [[Kalender Hijriyah|SH]]){{sfn|Conrad|1987}} | birth_place = {{Longitem|[[Makah]], Hijaz, Arabia}} | death_date = {{Death date|632|6|8|df=y}} CE (11 H; umua 61–62) | death_place = {{Longitem|[[Madinah]], [[nagara Islam patamo]]}} | resting_place = {{Longitem|style=white-space; |[[Kubah Ijau]] di [[Musajik Nabawi]], Madinah, Arabia}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|24|28|03|N|39|36|41|E|type:landmark_scale:5000_region:SA|display=inline|name=Green Dome}} | other_names = {{Tlit|ar|Rasūl Allāh}} ({{literal translation|Utusan Allah}})<br />Caliak [[Namo jo gala Muhammad]] | known_for = * Mandirian [[Islam]] * Nabi utamo Islam jo [[Druze]] * [[Manifestasi Tuhan (Baháʼí)|Manifestasi Tuhan]] dalam agamo [[Baháʼí]] | spouse = Caliak [[bini-bini Muhammad]] | children = Caliak [[anak-anak Muhammad]] | parents = {{plainlist| * [[Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib]] (ayah) * [[Aminah binti Wahb]] (amak) }} | relatives = [[Ahlul Bait]] ({{literal translation|Urang-urang rumah}})<br />Caliak [[Ranji Muhammad]] | module = {{Infobox Arabic name|embed=yes |ism=Muḥammad |ism-ar={{Script|Arab|مُحَمَّد}} |nasab=Ibnu [[Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib|ʿAbdullāh]] bin [[Abdul Muttalib|ʿAbdul Muṭṭalib]] bin [[Hashim bin Abdul Manaf|Hāshim]] bin [[Abdul Manaf bin Qusai|ʿAbdul Manāf]] bin [[Qusai bin Kilab|Quṣayy]] bin [[Kilab bin Murrah|Kilāb]] |nasab-ar={{Script|Arab|ٱبْن عَبْد ٱللَّٰه بْن عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب بْن هَاشِم بْن عَبْد مَنَاف بْن قُصَيّ بْن كِلَاب}} |kunya=[[Abū al-Qāsim]] |kunya-ar={{Script|Arab|أَبُو ٱلْقَاسِم}} |laqab=[[Panutuik Para Nabi|Khātam al-Nabiyyīn]] |laqab-ar={{Script|Arab|خَاتَم ٱلنَّبِيِّين}} }} | religion = }} {{Islam|expanded=sijarah}} '''Muḥammad''' ({{Lang-ar-at|a= &#65012;|t=Muḥammad}};<ref>Unicode has a special "Muhammad" ligature at U+FDF4 {{Script|Arab|ﷴ}}</ref> {{IPA-ar|mʊˈħæmmæd|pron|Ar-muhammad.ogg}}<ref>{{Audio|Ar-muhammad.ogg|klik di siko}} untuak lafal Arab.</ref><ref>Variant transcriptions of Muhammad's name, besides those used above, include — (English and multiple European languages:) "Mahomet"; ([[:fr:Mahomet|French]]:) "Mahomet, Mohamed, Mouhammed, Mahon, Mahomés, Mahun, Mahum, Mahumet, Mahound (medieval French), Mohand (for [[Berber language|Berber]] speakers), Mouhammadou and Mamadou (in Sub-Saharan Africa)"; ([[:la:Machometus|Latin]]:) "Machometus, Mahumetus, Mahometus, Macometus, Mahometes"; ([[:es:Mahoma|Spanish]]:) "Mahoma"; ([[:it:Maometto|Italian]]:) "Maometto"; ([[:pt:Maomé|Portuguese]]:) "Maomé"; ([[:el:Μωάμεθ|Greek]]:) "Μωάμεθ, Μουχάμμαντ, Μοχάμαντ, Μοχάμεντ, Μουχάμεντ, Μουχάμμαιντ"; ([[:tr:Mehmet|Turkish]]:) "Mehmet"; ([[:ku:Mihemed|Kurdish]]:) "Mihemed". See also ''Encyclopedia of Islam'': ([[German language|German]]:) "Machmet" (pre-20th century).</ref><ref name="Honest 2004 p. 85">The sources frequently say that, in his youth, he was called by the nickname "Al-Amin" meaning "Honest, Truthful" cf. Ernst (2004), p. 85.</ref>, salangkoknyo '''Muḥammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Mutthalib bin Hasyim''' ({{lahirmati|[[Makah]]|20|4|570|[[Madinah]]|8|06|632}}) adolah nabi nan rasul tarakhia manuruik umaik Islam manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]] [http://quran.com/33/40 surah Al-Ahzab:33/40]. Nabi Muhammad mamuloi panyebaran ajaran Islam untuak saluruah umaik manusia jo mawarihan [[Kakhalifahan|pamarentahan tungga Islam]]. Walaupun non-Muslim umumnyo manganggap Muhammad sabagai pandiri Islam, dalam pandangan Muslim, Muhammad turuik managakan ajaran tauhid untuak mangasokan Allah sabagaimano nan dibaok dek nabi jo rasul sabalunnyo sajak dari [[Nabi Nuah]]. Umaik Muslim manyabuik Muhammad jo salam panghormatan ''Shalallaahu 'Alayhi Wasallam'' sarato diiriangi [[shalawat Nabi|salawat Nabi]] satiok namo Muhammad disabuik. Lahia pado taun 570 di [[Makah]], Muhammad malalui maso ketek sabagai yatim piatu; digadangan di bawah asuahan paktuonyo [[Abu Thalib]]. Baranjak gadang, Muhammad bakarajo sabagai padagang. Muhammad kadang-kadang mangasiangan diri ka ngalau di sabuah bukik sampai bamalam-malam untuak maranuang jo badoa; diriwayaikkan dalam umua ka-40, Muhammad didatangi dek [[Malaikaik Jibril]] sarato manarimo wahyu partamo dari Allah. Muhammad manyatoan diri sabagai utusan Allah, sabagaimano nabi-nabi nan alah Allah utuih sabalunnyo. Tigo taun sasudah wahyu partamo, Muhammad muloi badakwah sacaro tarang-tarangan, manyatokan kaasoan Allah dalam bantuak panyarahan diri malalui Islam sabagai agamo nan bana. Muhammad manarimo wahyu baransua-angsua sampai maningga dunia. Praktek atau amalan Muhammad diriwayaikan dalam [[hadits]], dirujuak dek umaik Islam sabagai sumber hukum Islam basamo [[Al-Qur'an]]. Muhammad basamo pangikuik awa mandapek babagai bantuak palawanan jo panyiksoan dari babarapo suku di Makah. Sairiang panganiayoan nan taruih balanjuik, Muhammad mambuliahan babarapo pangikuiknyo hijrah ka [[Habsyah]], sabalun Muhammad mamulai misi [[hijrah ka Madinah]] pado taun 622. Paristiwa hijrah manandoi awal pananggalan [[Kalender Hijriah]] dalam Islam. Di Madinah, Muhammad manyatuan suku-suku di bawah [[Piagam Madinah]]. Sasudah salapan taun batahan dek sarangan suku-suku Makah, Muhammad mangumpuan 10.000 Muslim untuak mangapuang Mekkah. Sarangan indak mandapek palawanan nan bararti inggo Muhammad maambiak aliah kota tanpa saketek patumpahan darah. Wakatu itu Muhammad mangancuan juo patuang-patuang sakitar Ka'bah. Pado taun 632, babarapo bulan sasudah baliak ka Madinah salapeh manjalani [[Haji Wada'|Haji Wada]], Muhammad jatuah sakik lalu wafat. Muhammad maninggaan [[Jazirah Arab]] nan alah basatu dalam pamarentahan tunggal Islam nan sabagian gadangnyo alah manarimo Islam.<!-- [[Michael H. Hart]] dalam bukunyo ''[[The 100]]'' manilai Muhammad sabagai tokoh paliang bapangaruah sapanjang sijarah manusia. Manuruik Hart, Muhammad adolah satu-satunyo urang nan barasia maraiah kabarasilan lua biaso baiak dalam hal [[agamo|spiritual]] maupun kamasyarakaikan. Hart mancatat baso Muhammad mampu mangatua banso nan awalnya mamantiangan dirinyo surang, [[barbar]], tabalakang, jo tapacah-balah dek sentimen kasukuan manjadi banso nan maju dalam bidang ekonomi, kabudayoan, jo kamiliteran bahkan mampu mangalahan pasukan [[Romawi]] nan pado maso itu marupokan kakuatan militer tamaju di dunia.<ref name="mhh">Hart, Michael. 2007. ''100 Tokoh Paling Berpengaruh Sepanjang Masa''. Batam: Karisma Publising Group.</ref>--> == Etimologi == "''Muhammad''" ({{lang-ar-at|a= محمد بن عبد الله|t=Muḥammad}};<ref>[[Unicode]] has a special "Muhammad" [[Ligature (typography)|ligature]] at U+FDF4 {{script|Arab|ﷴ}}</ref> {{IPA-ar|mʊħɑmmæd|pron|Ar-muhammad.ogg}})<ref name="Honest 2004 p. 85"/><ref>{{Audio|Ar-muhammad.ogg|click here}} for the [[Fonologi Arab|Pengucapan Arab]].</ref><ref>babagai namo Muhammad dalam bahaso Parancih: "Mahon, Mahomés, Mahun, Mahum, Mahumet"; dalam bahaso Jerman: "Machmet"; jo dalam bahaso Islandia kuno: "Maúmet" cf Muhammad, ''Encyclopedia of Islam''</ref> sacaro bahaso barasa dari aka kato [[semit]]ik<nowiki> '</nowiki>'''H-M-D'''' nan dalam bahaso Arab bararti "inyo nan tapuji". Salain itu, dalam salah satu ayat [[Al-Qur'an]],<ref>[[Surah As-Saff]] (QS 61:6)</ref> Muhammad diimbau jo namo "'''''Ahmad'''''" ('''أحمد'''), nan dalam bahaso Arab bararti "tapuji" juo. Sabalun maso kanabian, Muhammad mandapekan duo gala dari suku [[Quraisy]] (suku tagadang di Makah nan suku dari Muhammad juo) iyolah '''''Al-Amiin''''' nan aratinyo "urang nan dapaek dipicayo" jo '''''As-Saadiq''''' nan aratinyo "nan bana". Sasudah maso kanabian para sahabatnyo maimbaunyo jo gala '''''Rasul Allāh''''' (رسول الله), alah tu manambahan kalimaik ''Shalallaahu 'Alayhi Wasallam'' (صلى الله عليه و سلم, nan bararti "mudah-mudahan Allah maagiah kasanangan jo salamaik kapadonyo"; acok disingkek "S.A.W" atau "SAW") sasudah namonyo. Muhammad juo mandapekan julukan '''''Abu al-Qasim'''''<ref name=kunya>Dari Anas bin Malik, inyo mangecekan, "Saurang mangimbau kawannyo di pakubuan Baqi' sambia maimbau, 'Wahai Abul Qasim!' Rasulullah SAW manoleh kapadonyo. Inyo mangecekan, 'Wahai Rasulullah, indak engkau nan ambo mukasuik, tapi ambo mangimbau si ''fulan''.' Mako Rasulullah SAW basabda, 'Pakailah namo ambo tapi jan pakai ''kuniyah'' ambo'," (Hadits riwayaik Bukhari no. 3537 jo Muslim no. 2131).</ref> nan bararti "Apak Qasim", karano Muhammad panah punyo anak bujang nan banamo Qasim, tapi maningga dunia sabalun gadang. == Genealogi == {{utama|Ranji keluarga Muhammad}} Ranji Muhammad dari kaduo urang tuonya baliak ka Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka'b bin Lu'ay bin Ghalib bin Fihr (''Quraish'') bin Malik bin an-Nadr (Qais) bin Kinanah bin Khuzaimah bin Mudrikah (Amir) bin [[Ilyas]] bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma`ad bin Adnan.<ref name="Lings">Lings, Martin. ''Muhammad: Kisah Hidup Nabi berdasarkan Sumber Klasik''. Jakarta: Penerbit Serambi, 2002. ISBN 979-3335-16-5</ref> Adnan marupokan katurunan bujang ka tujuah dari [[Nabi Ismail|Ismail]] bin [[Nabi Ibrahim|Ibrahim]], iyolah katurunan [[Sam]] bin [[Nabi Nuh|Nuh]]. Labiah langkok ranji dari Muhammad sampai Adam adolah Muhammad bin [[Abdullah bin Syaibah|Abdullah]] bin [[Syaibah bin Hâsyim|Abdul Mutthalib]] bin [[Hasyim bin 'Abd al-Manaf|Hasyim]] bin [[Abdulmanaf bin Qushay|Abdul Manaf]] bin [[Qushay bin Kilab|Qushay]] bin Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka’ab bin Luay bin Ghalib bin [[Quraisy|Fihr]] (Quraisy) bin Malik bin Nadhr bin Kinanah bin Khuzayma bin Mudrikah bin Ilyas bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma'ad bin Adnan bin Udad bin al-Muqawwam bin Nahur bin Tayrah bin Ya'rub bin Yasyjub bin Nabit bin '''[[Ismail]]''' bin '''[[Ibrahim]]''' bin [[Terah|Tarih]] (Azar) bin [[Nahor|Nahur]] bin [[Serug|Saru’]] bin [[Rehu|Ra’u]] bin [[Peleg|Falikh]] bin [[Eber|Aybir]] bin Syalikh bin [[Arpakhsad|Arfakhsyad]] bin [[Sem|Sam]] bin '''[[Nuh]]''' bin [[Lamekh|Lamikh]] bin [[Metusalah|Mutusyalikh]] bin '''[[Idris|Akhnukh]]''' bin [[Yared|Yarda]] bin [[Mahalaleel|Mahlil]] bin [[Kenan|Qinan]] bin [[Enos (Alkitab)|Yanish]] bin '''[[Syits]]''' bin '''[[Adam]]'''. Nasab ko disabuikan dek Muhammad bin Ishak bin Yasar al-Madani di salah satu riwayaiknyo. Nasab Rasulullah sampai Adnan disapakati dek para ulama, sadangkan sasudah Adnan tajadi pabedaan pandapaik. Mukasuik dari Quraisy adolah anak bujang dari Fihr bin Malik atau an-Nadhr bin Kinanah. == Riwayat == === Kelahiran === {{utama|Maulud Nabi Muhammad}} Para ulama dan panuliih ''sirah'' sapandapek baso hari kalahiran Muhammad jatuah pado bulan Rabiul Awal.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |last=Esposito |first=John L. (ed.) |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0 |page=198 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/?id=E324pQEEQQcC&pg=PA198&dq=muhammad+birthday+Rabi%27+al-awwal#v=onepage&q=muhammad%20birthday%20Rabi%27%20al-awwal&f=false |accessdate=19 June 2012}}</ref> Muhammad lahia di [[Makah]], kota bagian selatan [[Jazirah Arab]], labiah-kurang taun 570, badakekan jo [[Taun Gajah]] nan marupoan taun kagagalan panyarangan Mekkah dek pasukan bagajah di bawah pimpinan [[Abrahah]].<ref name="abraha">* {{cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S0041977X00049016 | last1 = Conrad | first1 = Lawrence I. | year = 1987 | title = Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1 | url = http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3863868&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X00049016 | journal = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 225–240 | access-date = 2015-04-09 | archive-date = 2012-01-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120121152608/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3863868&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X00049016 | dead-url = yes }} * {{Cite book| publisher = G. Bell| last = Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby| title = Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars: with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars| year = 1901| url = http://archive.org/details/elementsofjewish00burnuoft| page = 465}} * {{Cite journal| pages = 6–12| last = Hamidullah| first = Muhammad| authorlink = Muhammad Hamidullah| title = The Nasi', the Hijrah Calendar and the Need of Preparing a New Concordance for the Hijrah and Gregorian Eras: Why the Existing Western Concordances are Not to be Relied Upon| journal = The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs| date = February 1969| url = http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf| access-date = 2015-04-09| archive-date = 2012-11-05| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121105021544/http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf| dead-url = yes}}</ref><ref name="EncWorldHistory">''Encyclopedia of World History'' (1998), p. 452</ref> Pandapek paliang mashua marujuak tanggal 12 Rabiul Awal sabagai hari kalahiran Muhammad. Manuruik teks hadits, Muhammad manyebuik hari Senin sabagai hari kalahirannyo. Panulih ''sirah'' Sulaiman Al-Manshurfuri jo ahli astronomi Mahmud Basya dalam panalitiannyo malacak hari Senin nan dimukasuik batepekan jo tanggal 9 Rabiul Awal. Muhammad barasa dari sabuah klan [[suku Quraisy]] yakni [[Bani Hasyim]] nan mawarisi ranji tahormat di Makah, sakalipun indak tanamo karano kakayoannyo.<ref name="EoI-Muhammad">{{Cite encyclopedia | edition = 2nd| publisher = Brill Academic Publishers| volume = 7| pages = 360–376| last2 = Welch| first2 = A. T.| last1=Buhl | first1 = F.| title = Muḥammad| encyclopedia = [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]| isbn = 90-04-09419-9| year = 1993}}</ref> Ayahnyo, [[Abdullah bin Syaibah|Abdullah]] maningga wakatu Muhammad masih dalam kanduangan, anam bulan sabalun kalahiran.<ref name="Meri2004">{{citation |last=Meri |first=Josef W. |authorlink=Josef W. Meri |title=Medieval Islamic civilization |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC |accessdate=3 January 2013 |volume=1 |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96690-0 |page=525}}</ref> Muhammad bayi dibaok tingga basamo kaluarga dusun di padalaman, mangikuik tradisi pakotaan maso itu untuak manguekan badan jo manjauahan anak dari panyakik pakotaan.<ref name="WattHalimah">Watt, "[http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/halima-bint-abi-dhuayb-SIM_2648 Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb]", ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]''.</ref> Baliau diasuah jo disusui dek [[Halimah As-Sa'diyah|Halimah binti Abi Dhuayb]] di kampuang Bani Saad salamo duo taun.<ref name="IntroQuran182"/> Sasudah itu, Muhammad ketek dibaliakan untuak diasuah kapado budak [[Ummu Aiman]]. Pado umua ka-6, Muhammad kahilangan mandehnyo, [[Aminah binti Wahab|Aminah]] karano sakik.<ref name="IntroQuran182"/><ref>Watt, ''Amina'', [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]</ref> Salamo duo taun sasudahnyo, kabutuahan Muhammad ditangguang jo dicukuikan dek inyiaknyo dari kaluargo ayah, [['Abd al-Muththalib]]. Katiko barumua salapan tahun, inyiaknyo maningga lalu Muhammad sasudahnyo diasuah dek mamaknyo [[Abu Thalib]] nan tampia sabagai pamuko Bani Hasyim sapaningga Abdul Muththalib.<ref name="IntroQuran182">An Introduction to the Quran (1895), p. 182</ref><ref name="Watt7">Watt (1974), p. 7.</ref> ==Rujuakan== {{Reflist|2}} {{Topik Islam}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad}} [[Kategori:Tokoh Islam]] [[Kategori:Islam]] [[Kategori:Tokoh agamo]] {{bio-stub}} klnvhhw5in04xuexrnmmolptqg9koho 3346082 3346081 2026-04-25T01:17:14Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kegunaanlain|Muhammad}} {{Infobox religious biography | honorific_prefix = Rasullullah | name = Muhammad | native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|مُحَمَّد}}}}}} | native_name_lang = ar | image = Al-Masjid AL-Nabawi Door.jpg | caption = "Muhammad, Rasulullah" tatulih di garabang [[Musajik Nabawi]], [[Madinah]]. | alt = Inscription proclaiming Muhammad as the messenger of God | birth_date = {{Circa|570&nbsp;CE}} (53 [[Kalender Hijriyah|SH]]){{sfn|Conrad|1987}} | birth_place = {{Longitem|[[Makah]], Hijaz, Arabia}} | death_date = {{Death date|632|6|8|df=y}} CE (11 H; umua 61–62) | death_place = {{Longitem|[[Madinah]], [[nagara Islam patamo]]}} | resting_place = {{Longitem|style=white-space; |[[Kubah Ijau]] di [[Musajik Nabawi]], Madinah, Arabia}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|24|28|03|N|39|36|41|E|type:landmark_scale:5000_region:SA|display=inline|name=Green Dome}} | other_names = {{Tlit|ar|Rasūl Allāh}} ({{literal translation|Utusan Allah}})<br />Caliak [[Namo jo gala Muhammad]] | known_for = * Mandirian [[Islam]] * Nabi utamo Islam jo [[Druze]] * [[Manifestasi Tuhan (Baháʼí)|Manifestasi Tuhan]] dalam agamo [[Baháʼí]] | spouse = Caliak [[bini-bini Muhammad]] | children = Caliak [[anak-anak Muhammad]] | parents = {{plainlist| * [[Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib]] (ayah) * [[Aminah binti Wahb]] (amak) }} | relatives = [[Ahlul Bait]] ({{literal translation|Urang-urang rumah}})<br />Caliak [[Ranji Muhammad]] | module = {{Infobox Arabic name|embed=yes |ism=Muḥammad |ism-ar={{Script|Arab|مُحَمَّد}} |nasab=Ibnu [[Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib|ʿAbdullāh]] bin [[Abdul Muttalib|ʿAbdul Muṭṭalib]] bin [[Hashim bin Abdul Manaf|Hāshim]] bin [[Abdul Manaf bin Qusai|ʿAbdul Manāf]] bin [[Qusai bin Kilab|Quṣayy]] bin [[Kilab bin Murrah|Kilāb]] |nasab-ar={{Script|Arab|ٱبْن عَبْد ٱللَّٰه بْن عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب بْن هَاشِم بْن عَبْد مَنَاف بْن قُصَيّ بْن كِلَاب}} |kunya=[[Abū al-Qāsim]] |kunya-ar={{Script|Arab|أَبُو ٱلْقَاسِم}} |laqab=[[Panutuik Para Nabi|Khātam al-Nabiyyīn]] |laqab-ar={{Script|Arab|خَاتَم ٱلنَّبِيِّين}} }} | religion = }} {{Islam|expanded=sijarah}} '''Muḥammad''' ({{Lang-ar-at|a= &#65012;|t=Muḥammad}};<ref>Unicode has a special "Muhammad" ligature at U+FDF4 {{Script|Arab|ﷴ}}</ref> {{IPA-ar|mʊˈħæmmæd|pron|Ar-muhammad.ogg}}<ref>{{Audio|Ar-muhammad.ogg|klik di siko}} untuak lafal Arab.</ref><ref>Variant transcriptions of Muhammad's name, besides those used above, include — (English and multiple European languages:) "Mahomet"; ([[:fr:Mahomet|French]]:) "Mahomet, Mohamed, Mouhammed, Mahon, Mahomés, Mahun, Mahum, Mahumet, Mahound (medieval French), Mohand (for [[Berber language|Berber]] speakers), Mouhammadou and Mamadou (in Sub-Saharan Africa)"; ([[:la:Machometus|Latin]]:) "Machometus, Mahumetus, Mahometus, Macometus, Mahometes"; ([[:es:Mahoma|Spanish]]:) "Mahoma"; ([[:it:Maometto|Italian]]:) "Maometto"; ([[:pt:Maomé|Portuguese]]:) "Maomé"; ([[:el:Μωάμεθ|Greek]]:) "Μωάμεθ, Μουχάμμαντ, Μοχάμαντ, Μοχάμεντ, Μουχάμεντ, Μουχάμμαιντ"; ([[:tr:Mehmet|Turkish]]:) "Mehmet"; ([[:ku:Mihemed|Kurdish]]:) "Mihemed". See also ''Encyclopedia of Islam'': ([[German language|German]]:) "Machmet" (pre-20th century).</ref><ref name="Honest 2004 p. 85">The sources frequently say that, in his youth, he was called by the nickname "Al-Amin" meaning "Honest, Truthful" cf. Ernst (2004), p. 85.</ref>, salangkoknyo '''Muḥammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Mutthalib bin Hasyim''' ({{lahirmati|[[Makah]]|20|4|570|[[Madinah]]|8|06|632}}) adolah nabi nan rasul tarakhia manuruik umaik Islam manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]] [http://quran.com/33/40 surah Al-Ahzab:33/40]. Nabi Muhammad mamuloi panyebaran ajaran Islam untuak saluruah umaik manusia jo mawarihan [[Kakhalifahan|pamarentahan tungga Islam]]. Walaupun non-Muslim umumnyo manganggap Muhammad sabagai pandiri Islam, dalam pandangan Muslim, Muhammad turuik managakan ajaran tauhid untuak mangasokan Allah sabagaimano nan dibaok dek nabi jo rasul sabalunnyo sajak dari [[Nabi Nuah]]. Umaik Muslim manyabuik Muhammad jo salam panghormatan ''Shalallaahu 'Alayhi Wasallam'' sarato diiriangi [[shalawat Nabi|salawat Nabi]] satiok namo Muhammad disabuik. Lahia pado taun 570 di [[Makah]], Muhammad malalui maso ketek sabagai yatim piatu; digadangan di bawah asuahan paktuonyo [[Abu Thalib]]. Baranjak gadang, Muhammad bakarajo sabagai padagang. Muhammad kadang-kadang mangasiangan diri ka ngalau di sabuah bukik sampai bamalam-malam untuak maranuang jo badoa; diriwayaikkan dalam umua ka-40, Muhammad didatangi dek [[Malaikaik Jibril]] sarato manarimo wahyu partamo dari Allah. Muhammad manyatoan diri sabagai utusan Allah, sabagaimano nabi-nabi nan alah Allah utuih sabalunnyo. Tigo taun sasudah wahyu partamo, Muhammad muloi badakwah sacaro tarang-tarangan, manyatokan kaasoan Allah dalam bantuak panyarahan diri malalui Islam sabagai agamo nan bana. Muhammad manarimo wahyu baransua-angsua sampai maningga dunia. Praktek atau amalan Muhammad diriwayaikan dalam [[hadits]], dirujuak dek umaik Islam sabagai sumber hukum Islam basamo [[Al-Qur'an]]. Muhammad basamo pangikuik awa mandapek babagai bantuak palawanan jo panyiksoan dari babarapo suku di Makah. Sairiang panganiayoan nan taruih balanjuik, Muhammad mambuliahan babarapo pangikuiknyo hijrah ka [[Habsyah]], sabalun Muhammad mamulai misi [[hijrah ka Madinah]] pado taun 622. Paristiwa hijrah manandoi awal pananggalan [[Kalender Hijriah]] dalam Islam. Di Madinah, Muhammad manyatuan suku-suku di bawah [[Piagam Madinah]]. Sasudah salapan taun batahan dek sarangan suku-suku Makah, Muhammad mangumpuan 10.000 Muslim untuak mangapuang Mekkah. Sarangan indak mandapek palawanan nan bararti inggo Muhammad maambiak aliah kota tanpa saketek patumpahan darah. Wakatu itu Muhammad mangancuan juo patuang-patuang sakitar Ka'bah. Pado taun 632, babarapo bulan sasudah baliak ka Madinah salapeh manjalani [[Haji Wada'|Haji Wada]], Muhammad jatuah sakik lalu wafat. Muhammad maninggaan [[Jazirah Arab]] nan alah basatu dalam pamarentahan tunggal Islam nan sabagian gadangnyo alah manarimo Islam.<!-- [[Michael H. Hart]] dalam bukunyo ''[[The 100]]'' manilai Muhammad sabagai tokoh paliang bapangaruah sapanjang sijarah manusia. Manuruik Hart, Muhammad adolah satu-satunyo urang nan barasia maraiah kabarasilan lua biaso baiak dalam hal [[agamo|spiritual]] maupun kamasyarakaikan. Hart mancatat baso Muhammad mampu mangatua banso nan awalnya mamantiangan dirinyo surang, [[barbar]], tabalakang, jo tapacah-balah dek sentimen kasukuan manjadi banso nan maju dalam bidang ekonomi, kabudayoan, jo kamiliteran bahkan mampu mangalahan pasukan [[Romawi]] nan pado maso itu marupokan kakuatan militer tamaju di dunia.<ref name="mhh">Hart, Michael. 2007. ''100 Tokoh Paling Berpengaruh Sepanjang Masa''. Batam: Karisma Publising Group.</ref>--> == Etimologi == "''Muhammad''" ({{lang-ar-at|a= محمد بن عبد الله|t=Muḥammad}};<ref>[[Unicode]] has a special "Muhammad" [[Ligature (typography)|ligature]] at U+FDF4 {{script|Arab|ﷴ}}</ref> {{IPA-ar|mʊħɑmmæd|pron|Ar-muhammad.ogg}})<ref name="Honest 2004 p. 85"/><ref>{{Audio|Ar-muhammad.ogg|click here}} for the [[Fonologi Arab|Pengucapan Arab]].</ref><ref>babagai namo Muhammad dalam bahaso Parancih: "Mahon, Mahomés, Mahun, Mahum, Mahumet"; dalam bahaso Jerman: "Machmet"; jo dalam bahaso Islandia kuno: "Maúmet" cf Muhammad, ''Encyclopedia of Islam''</ref> sacaro bahaso barasa dari aka kato [[semit]]ik<nowiki> '</nowiki>'''H-M-D'''' nan dalam bahaso Arab bararti "inyo nan tapuji". Salain itu, dalam salah satu ayat [[Al-Qur'an]],<ref>[[Surah As-Saff]] (QS 61:6)</ref> Muhammad diimbau jo namo "'''''Ahmad'''''" ('''أحمد'''), nan dalam bahaso Arab bararti "tapuji" juo. Sabalun maso kanabian, Muhammad mandapekan duo gala dari suku [[Quraisy]] (suku tagadang di Makah nan suku dari Muhammad juo) iyolah '''''Al-Amiin''''' nan aratinyo "urang nan dapaek dipicayo" jo '''''As-Saadiq''''' nan aratinyo "nan bana". Sasudah maso kanabian para sahabatnyo maimbaunyo jo gala '''''Rasul Allāh''''' (رسول الله), alah tu manambahan kalimaik ''Shalallaahu 'Alayhi Wasallam'' (صلى الله عليه و سلم, nan bararti "mudah-mudahan Allah maagiah kasanangan jo salamaik kapadonyo"; acok disingkek "S.A.W" atau "SAW") sasudah namonyo. Muhammad juo mandapekan julukan '''''Abu al-Qasim'''''<ref name=kunya>Dari Anas bin Malik, inyo mangecekan, "Saurang mangimbau kawannyo di pakubuan Baqi' sambia maimbau, 'Wahai Abul Qasim!' Rasulullah SAW manoleh kapadonyo. Inyo mangecekan, 'Wahai Rasulullah, indak engkau nan ambo mukasuik, tapi ambo mangimbau si ''fulan''.' Mako Rasulullah SAW basabda, 'Pakailah namo ambo tapi jan pakai ''kuniyah'' ambo'," (Hadits riwayaik Bukhari no. 3537 jo Muslim no. 2131).</ref> nan bararti "Apak Qasim", karano Muhammad panah punyo anak bujang nan banamo Qasim, tapi maningga dunia sabalun gadang. == Genealogi == {{utama|Ranji keluarga Muhammad}} Ranji Muhammad dari kaduo urang tuonya baliak ka Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka'b bin Lu'ay bin Ghalib bin Fihr (''Quraish'') bin Malik bin an-Nadr (Qais) bin Kinanah bin Khuzaimah bin Mudrikah (Amir) bin [[Ilyas]] bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma`ad bin Adnan.<ref name="Lings">Lings, Martin. ''Muhammad: Kisah Hidup Nabi berdasarkan Sumber Klasik''. Jakarta: Penerbit Serambi, 2002. ISBN 979-3335-16-5</ref> Adnan marupokan katurunan bujang ka tujuah dari [[Nabi Ismail|Ismail]] bin [[Nabi Ibrahim|Ibrahim]], iyolah katurunan [[Sam]] bin [[Nabi Nuh|Nuh]]. Labiah langkok ranji dari Muhammad sampai Adam adolah Muhammad bin [[Abdullah bin Syaibah|Abdullah]] bin [[Syaibah bin Hâsyim|Abdul Mutthalib]] bin [[Hasyim bin 'Abd al-Manaf|Hasyim]] bin [[Abdulmanaf bin Qushay|Abdul Manaf]] bin [[Qushay bin Kilab|Qushay]] bin Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka’ab bin Luay bin Ghalib bin [[Quraisy|Fihr]] (Quraisy) bin Malik bin Nadhr bin Kinanah bin Khuzayma bin Mudrikah bin Ilyas bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma'ad bin Adnan bin Udad bin al-Muqawwam bin Nahur bin Tayrah bin Ya'rub bin Yasyjub bin Nabit bin '''[[Ismail]]''' bin '''[[Ibrahim]]''' bin [[Terah|Tarih]] (Azar) bin [[Nahor|Nahur]] bin [[Serug|Saru’]] bin [[Rehu|Ra’u]] bin [[Peleg|Falikh]] bin [[Eber|Aybir]] bin Syalikh bin [[Arpakhsad|Arfakhsyad]] bin [[Sem|Sam]] bin '''[[Nuh]]''' bin [[Lamekh|Lamikh]] bin [[Metusalah|Mutusyalikh]] bin '''[[Idris|Akhnukh]]''' bin [[Yared|Yarda]] bin [[Mahalaleel|Mahlil]] bin [[Kenan|Qinan]] bin [[Enos (Alkitab)|Yanish]] bin '''[[Syits]]''' bin '''[[Adam]]'''. Nasab ko disabuikan dek Muhammad bin Ishak bin Yasar al-Madani di salah satu riwayaiknyo. Nasab Rasulullah sampai Adnan disapakati dek para ulama, sadangkan sasudah Adnan tajadi pabedaan pandapaik. Mukasuik dari Quraisy adolah anak bujang dari Fihr bin Malik atau an-Nadhr bin Kinanah. == Riwayat == === Kelahiran === {{utama|Maulud Nabi Muhammad}} Para ulama dan panuliih ''sirah'' sapandapek baso hari kalahiran Muhammad jatuah pado bulan Rabiul Awal.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |last=Esposito |first=John L. (ed.) |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0 |page=198 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/?id=E324pQEEQQcC&pg=PA198&dq=muhammad+birthday+Rabi%27+al-awwal#v=onepage&q=muhammad%20birthday%20Rabi%27%20al-awwal&f=false |accessdate=19 June 2012}}</ref> Muhammad lahia di [[Makah]], kota bagian selatan [[Jazirah Arab]], labiah-kurang taun 570, badakekan jo [[Taun Gajah]] nan marupoan taun kagagalan panyarangan Mekkah dek pasukan bagajah di bawah pimpinan [[Abrahah]].<ref name="abraha">* {{cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S0041977X00049016 | last1 = Conrad | first1 = Lawrence I. | year = 1987 | title = Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1 | url = http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3863868&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X00049016 | journal = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 225–240 | access-date = 2015-04-09 | archive-date = 2012-01-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120121152608/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3863868&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X00049016 | dead-url = yes }} * {{Cite book| publisher = G. Bell| last = Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby| title = Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars: with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars| year = 1901| url = http://archive.org/details/elementsofjewish00burnuoft| page = 465}} * {{Cite journal| pages = 6–12| last = Hamidullah| first = Muhammad| authorlink = Muhammad Hamidullah| title = The Nasi', the Hijrah Calendar and the Need of Preparing a New Concordance for the Hijrah and Gregorian Eras: Why the Existing Western Concordances are Not to be Relied Upon| journal = The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs| date = February 1969| url = http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf| access-date = 2015-04-09| archive-date = 2012-11-05| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121105021544/http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf| dead-url = yes}}</ref><ref name="EncWorldHistory">''Encyclopedia of World History'' (1998), p. 452</ref> Pandapek paliang mashua marujuak tanggal 12 Rabiul Awal sabagai hari kalahiran Muhammad. Manuruik teks hadits, Muhammad manyebuik hari Senin sabagai hari kalahirannyo. Panulih ''sirah'' Sulaiman Al-Manshurfuri jo ahli astronomi Mahmud Basya dalam panalitiannyo malacak hari Senin nan dimukasuik batepekan jo tanggal 9 Rabiul Awal. Muhammad barasa dari sabuah klan [[suku Quraisy]] yakni [[Bani Hasyim]] nan mawarisi ranji tahormat di Makah, sakalipun indak tanamo karano kakayoannyo.<ref name="EoI-Muhammad">{{Cite encyclopedia | edition = 2nd| publisher = Brill Academic Publishers| volume = 7| pages = 360–376| last2 = Welch| first2 = A. T.| last1=Buhl | first1 = F.| title = Muḥammad| encyclopedia = [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]| isbn = 90-04-09419-9| year = 1993}}</ref> Ayahnyo, [[Abdullah bin Syaibah|Abdullah]] maningga wakatu Muhammad masih dalam kanduangan, anam bulan sabalun kalahiran.<ref name="Meri2004">{{citation |last=Meri |first=Josef W. |authorlink=Josef W. Meri |title=Medieval Islamic civilization |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC |accessdate=3 January 2013 |volume=1 |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96690-0 |page=525}}</ref> Muhammad bayi dibaok tingga basamo kaluarga dusun di padalaman, mangikuik tradisi pakotaan maso itu untuak manguekan badan jo manjauahan anak dari panyakik pakotaan.<ref name="WattHalimah">Watt, "[http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/halima-bint-abi-dhuayb-SIM_2648 Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb]", ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]''.</ref> Baliau diasuah jo disusui dek [[Halimah As-Sa'diyah|Halimah binti Abi Dhuayb]] di kampuang Bani Saad salamo duo taun.<ref name="IntroQuran182"/> Sasudah itu, Muhammad ketek dibaliakan untuak diasuah kapado budak [[Ummu Aiman]]. Pado umua ka-6, Muhammad kahilangan mandehnyo, [[Aminah binti Wahab|Aminah]] karano sakik.<ref name="IntroQuran182"/><ref>Watt, ''Amina'', [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]</ref> Salamo duo taun sasudahnyo, kabutuahan Muhammad ditangguang jo dicukuikan dek inyiaknyo dari kaluargo ayah, [['Abd al-Muththalib]]. Katiko barumua salapan tahun, inyiaknyo maningga lalu Muhammad sasudahnyo diasuah dek mamaknyo [[Abu Thalib]] nan tampia sabagai pamuko Bani Hasyim sapaningga Abdul Muththalib.<ref name="IntroQuran182">An Introduction to the Quran (1895), p. 182</ref><ref name="Watt7">Watt (1974), p. 7.</ref> ==Rujuakan== {{Reflist|2}} {{Topik Islam}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad}} [[Kategori:Tokoh Islam]] [[Kategori:Islam]] [[Kategori:Tokoh agamo]] {{bio-stub}} onamzom0cy5t1kn9vyoqmfae69xma6y 3346083 3346082 2026-04-25T01:19:48Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kegunaanlain|Muhammad}} {{Infobox religious biography | honorific_prefix = Rasullullah | name = Muhammad | native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|مُحَمَّد}}}}}} | native_name_lang = ar | image = Al-Masjid AL-Nabawi Door.jpg | caption = "Muhammad, Rasulullah" tatulih di garabang [[Musajik Nabawi]], [[Madinah]]. | alt = Inscription proclaiming Muhammad as the messenger of God | birth_date = {{Circa|570&nbsp;M}} (53 [[Kalender Hijriyah|SH]]){{sfn|Conrad|1987}} | birth_place = {{Longitem|[[Makah]], Hijaz, Arabia}} | death_date = {{Death date|632|6|8|df=y}} M (11 H; umua 61–62) | death_place = {{Longitem|[[Madinah]], [[nagara Islam patamo]]}} | resting_place = {{Longitem|style=white-space; |[[Kubah Ijau]] di [[Musajik Nabawi]], Madinah, Arabia}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|24|28|03|N|39|36|41|E|type:landmark_scale:5000_region:SA|display=inline|name=Green Dome}} | other_names = {{Tlit|ar|Rasūl Allāh}} ({{literal translation|Utusan Allah}})<br />Caliak [[Namo jo gala Muhammad]] | known_for = * Mandirian [[Islam]] * Nabi utamo Islam jo [[Druze]] * [[Manifestasi Tuhan (Baháʼí)|Manifestasi Tuhan]] dalam agamo [[Baháʼí]] | spouse = Caliak [[bini-bini Muhammad]] | children = Caliak [[anak-anak Muhammad]] | parents = {{plainlist| * [[Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib]] (ayah) * [[Aminah binti Wahb]] (amak) }} | relatives = [[Ahlul Bait]] ({{literal translation|Urang-urang rumah}})<br />Caliak [[Ranji Muhammad]] | module = {{Infobox Arabic name|embed=yes |ism=Muḥammad |ism-ar={{Script|Arab|مُحَمَّد}} |nasab=Ibnu [[Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib|ʿAbdullāh]] bin [[Abdul Muttalib|ʿAbdul Muṭṭalib]] bin [[Hashim bin Abdul Manaf|Hāshim]] bin [[Abdul Manaf bin Qusai|ʿAbdul Manāf]] bin [[Qusai bin Kilab|Quṣayy]] bin [[Kilab bin Murrah|Kilāb]] |nasab-ar={{Script|Arab|ٱبْن عَبْد ٱللَّٰه بْن عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب بْن هَاشِم بْن عَبْد مَنَاف بْن قُصَيّ بْن كِلَاب}} |kunya=[[Abū al-Qāsim]] |kunya-ar={{Script|Arab|أَبُو ٱلْقَاسِم}} |laqab=[[Panutuik Para Nabi|Khātam al-Nabiyyīn]] |laqab-ar={{Script|Arab|خَاتَم ٱلنَّبِيِّين}} }} | religion = }} {{Islam|expanded=sijarah}} '''Muḥammad''' ({{Lang-ar-at|a= &#65012;|t=Muḥammad}};<ref>Unicode has a special "Muhammad" ligature at U+FDF4 {{Script|Arab|ﷴ}}</ref> {{IPA-ar|mʊˈħæmmæd|pron|Ar-muhammad.ogg}}<ref>{{Audio|Ar-muhammad.ogg|klik di siko}} untuak lafal Arab.</ref><ref>Variant transcriptions of Muhammad's name, besides those used above, include — (English and multiple European languages:) "Mahomet"; ([[:fr:Mahomet|French]]:) "Mahomet, Mohamed, Mouhammed, Mahon, Mahomés, Mahun, Mahum, Mahumet, Mahound (medieval French), Mohand (for [[Berber language|Berber]] speakers), Mouhammadou and Mamadou (in Sub-Saharan Africa)"; ([[:la:Machometus|Latin]]:) "Machometus, Mahumetus, Mahometus, Macometus, Mahometes"; ([[:es:Mahoma|Spanish]]:) "Mahoma"; ([[:it:Maometto|Italian]]:) "Maometto"; ([[:pt:Maomé|Portuguese]]:) "Maomé"; ([[:el:Μωάμεθ|Greek]]:) "Μωάμεθ, Μουχάμμαντ, Μοχάμαντ, Μοχάμεντ, Μουχάμεντ, Μουχάμμαιντ"; ([[:tr:Mehmet|Turkish]]:) "Mehmet"; ([[:ku:Mihemed|Kurdish]]:) "Mihemed". See also ''Encyclopedia of Islam'': ([[German language|German]]:) "Machmet" (pre-20th century).</ref><ref name="Honest 2004 p. 85">The sources frequently say that, in his youth, he was called by the nickname "Al-Amin" meaning "Honest, Truthful" cf. Ernst (2004), p. 85.</ref>, salangkoknyo '''Muḥammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Mutthalib bin Hasyim''' ({{lahirmati|[[Makah]]|20|4|570|[[Madinah]]|8|06|632}}) adolah nabi nan rasul tarakhia manuruik umaik Islam manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]] [http://quran.com/33/40 surah Al-Ahzab:33/40]. Nabi Muhammad mamuloi panyebaran ajaran Islam untuak saluruah umaik manusia jo mawarihan [[Kakhalifahan|pamarentahan tungga Islam]]. Walaupun non-Muslim umumnyo manganggap Muhammad sabagai pandiri Islam, dalam pandangan Muslim, Muhammad turuik managakan ajaran tauhid untuak mangasokan Allah sabagaimano nan dibaok dek nabi jo rasul sabalunnyo sajak dari [[Nabi Nuah]]. Umaik Muslim manyabuik Muhammad jo salam panghormatan ''Shalallaahu 'Alayhi Wasallam'' sarato diiriangi [[shalawat Nabi|salawat Nabi]] satiok namo Muhammad disabuik. Lahia pado taun 570 di [[Makah]], Muhammad malalui maso ketek sabagai yatim piatu; digadangan di bawah asuahan paktuonyo [[Abu Thalib]]. Baranjak gadang, Muhammad bakarajo sabagai padagang. Muhammad kadang-kadang mangasiangan diri ka ngalau di sabuah bukik sampai bamalam-malam untuak maranuang jo badoa; diriwayaikkan dalam umua ka-40, Muhammad didatangi dek [[Malaikaik Jibril]] sarato manarimo wahyu partamo dari Allah. Muhammad manyatoan diri sabagai utusan Allah, sabagaimano nabi-nabi nan alah Allah utuih sabalunnyo. Tigo taun sasudah wahyu partamo, Muhammad muloi badakwah sacaro tarang-tarangan, manyatokan kaasoan Allah dalam bantuak panyarahan diri malalui Islam sabagai agamo nan bana. Muhammad manarimo wahyu baransua-angsua sampai maningga dunia. Praktek atau amalan Muhammad diriwayaikan dalam [[hadits]], dirujuak dek umaik Islam sabagai sumber hukum Islam basamo [[Al-Qur'an]]. Muhammad basamo pangikuik awa mandapek babagai bantuak palawanan jo panyiksoan dari babarapo suku di Makah. Sairiang panganiayoan nan taruih balanjuik, Muhammad mambuliahan babarapo pangikuiknyo hijrah ka [[Habsyah]], sabalun Muhammad mamulai misi [[hijrah ka Madinah]] pado taun 622. Paristiwa hijrah manandoi awal pananggalan [[Kalender Hijriah]] dalam Islam. Di Madinah, Muhammad manyatuan suku-suku di bawah [[Piagam Madinah]]. Sasudah salapan taun batahan dek sarangan suku-suku Makah, Muhammad mangumpuan 10.000 Muslim untuak mangapuang Mekkah. Sarangan indak mandapek palawanan nan bararti inggo Muhammad maambiak aliah kota tanpa saketek patumpahan darah. Wakatu itu Muhammad mangancuan juo patuang-patuang sakitar Ka'bah. Pado taun 632, babarapo bulan sasudah baliak ka Madinah salapeh manjalani [[Haji Wada'|Haji Wada]], Muhammad jatuah sakik lalu wafat. Muhammad maninggaan [[Jazirah Arab]] nan alah basatu dalam pamarentahan tunggal Islam nan sabagian gadangnyo alah manarimo Islam.<!-- [[Michael H. Hart]] dalam bukunyo ''[[The 100]]'' manilai Muhammad sabagai tokoh paliang bapangaruah sapanjang sijarah manusia. Manuruik Hart, Muhammad adolah satu-satunyo urang nan barasia maraiah kabarasilan lua biaso baiak dalam hal [[agamo|spiritual]] maupun kamasyarakaikan. Hart mancatat baso Muhammad mampu mangatua banso nan awalnya mamantiangan dirinyo surang, [[barbar]], tabalakang, jo tapacah-balah dek sentimen kasukuan manjadi banso nan maju dalam bidang ekonomi, kabudayoan, jo kamiliteran bahkan mampu mangalahan pasukan [[Romawi]] nan pado maso itu marupokan kakuatan militer tamaju di dunia.<ref name="mhh">Hart, Michael. 2007. ''100 Tokoh Paling Berpengaruh Sepanjang Masa''. Batam: Karisma Publising Group.</ref>--> == Etimologi == "''Muhammad''" ({{lang-ar-at|a= محمد بن عبد الله|t=Muḥammad}};<ref>[[Unicode]] has a special "Muhammad" [[Ligature (typography)|ligature]] at U+FDF4 {{script|Arab|ﷴ}}</ref> {{IPA-ar|mʊħɑmmæd|pron|Ar-muhammad.ogg}})<ref name="Honest 2004 p. 85"/><ref>{{Audio|Ar-muhammad.ogg|click here}} for the [[Fonologi Arab|Pengucapan Arab]].</ref><ref>babagai namo Muhammad dalam bahaso Parancih: "Mahon, Mahomés, Mahun, Mahum, Mahumet"; dalam bahaso Jerman: "Machmet"; jo dalam bahaso Islandia kuno: "Maúmet" cf Muhammad, ''Encyclopedia of Islam''</ref> sacaro bahaso barasa dari aka kato [[semit]]ik<nowiki> '</nowiki>'''H-M-D'''' nan dalam bahaso Arab bararti "inyo nan tapuji". Salain itu, dalam salah satu ayat [[Al-Qur'an]],<ref>[[Surah As-Saff]] (QS 61:6)</ref> Muhammad diimbau jo namo "'''''Ahmad'''''" ('''أحمد'''), nan dalam bahaso Arab bararti "tapuji" juo. Sabalun maso kanabian, Muhammad mandapekan duo gala dari suku [[Quraisy]] (suku tagadang di Makah nan suku dari Muhammad juo) iyolah '''''Al-Amiin''''' nan aratinyo "urang nan dapaek dipicayo" jo '''''As-Saadiq''''' nan aratinyo "nan bana". Sasudah maso kanabian para sahabatnyo maimbaunyo jo gala '''''Rasul Allāh''''' (رسول الله), alah tu manambahan kalimaik ''Shalallaahu 'Alayhi Wasallam'' (صلى الله عليه و سلم, nan bararti "mudah-mudahan Allah maagiah kasanangan jo salamaik kapadonyo"; acok disingkek "S.A.W" atau "SAW") sasudah namonyo. Muhammad juo mandapekan julukan '''''Abu al-Qasim'''''<ref name=kunya>Dari Anas bin Malik, inyo mangecekan, "Saurang mangimbau kawannyo di pakubuan Baqi' sambia maimbau, 'Wahai Abul Qasim!' Rasulullah SAW manoleh kapadonyo. Inyo mangecekan, 'Wahai Rasulullah, indak engkau nan ambo mukasuik, tapi ambo mangimbau si ''fulan''.' Mako Rasulullah SAW basabda, 'Pakailah namo ambo tapi jan pakai ''kuniyah'' ambo'," (Hadits riwayaik Bukhari no. 3537 jo Muslim no. 2131).</ref> nan bararti "Apak Qasim", karano Muhammad panah punyo anak bujang nan banamo Qasim, tapi maningga dunia sabalun gadang. == Genealogi == {{utama|Ranji keluarga Muhammad}} Ranji Muhammad dari kaduo urang tuonya baliak ka Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka'b bin Lu'ay bin Ghalib bin Fihr (''Quraish'') bin Malik bin an-Nadr (Qais) bin Kinanah bin Khuzaimah bin Mudrikah (Amir) bin [[Ilyas]] bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma`ad bin Adnan.<ref name="Lings">Lings, Martin. ''Muhammad: Kisah Hidup Nabi berdasarkan Sumber Klasik''. Jakarta: Penerbit Serambi, 2002. ISBN 979-3335-16-5</ref> Adnan marupokan katurunan bujang ka tujuah dari [[Nabi Ismail|Ismail]] bin [[Nabi Ibrahim|Ibrahim]], iyolah katurunan [[Sam]] bin [[Nabi Nuh|Nuh]]. Labiah langkok ranji dari Muhammad sampai Adam adolah Muhammad bin [[Abdullah bin Syaibah|Abdullah]] bin [[Syaibah bin Hâsyim|Abdul Mutthalib]] bin [[Hasyim bin 'Abd al-Manaf|Hasyim]] bin [[Abdulmanaf bin Qushay|Abdul Manaf]] bin [[Qushay bin Kilab|Qushay]] bin Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka’ab bin Luay bin Ghalib bin [[Quraisy|Fihr]] (Quraisy) bin Malik bin Nadhr bin Kinanah bin Khuzayma bin Mudrikah bin Ilyas bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma'ad bin Adnan bin Udad bin al-Muqawwam bin Nahur bin Tayrah bin Ya'rub bin Yasyjub bin Nabit bin '''[[Ismail]]''' bin '''[[Ibrahim]]''' bin [[Terah|Tarih]] (Azar) bin [[Nahor|Nahur]] bin [[Serug|Saru’]] bin [[Rehu|Ra’u]] bin [[Peleg|Falikh]] bin [[Eber|Aybir]] bin Syalikh bin [[Arpakhsad|Arfakhsyad]] bin [[Sem|Sam]] bin '''[[Nuh]]''' bin [[Lamekh|Lamikh]] bin [[Metusalah|Mutusyalikh]] bin '''[[Idris|Akhnukh]]''' bin [[Yared|Yarda]] bin [[Mahalaleel|Mahlil]] bin [[Kenan|Qinan]] bin [[Enos (Alkitab)|Yanish]] bin '''[[Syits]]''' bin '''[[Adam]]'''. Nasab ko disabuikan dek Muhammad bin Ishak bin Yasar al-Madani di salah satu riwayaiknyo. Nasab Rasulullah sampai Adnan disapakati dek para ulama, sadangkan sasudah Adnan tajadi pabedaan pandapaik. Mukasuik dari Quraisy adolah anak bujang dari Fihr bin Malik atau an-Nadhr bin Kinanah. == Riwayat == === Kelahiran === {{utama|Maulud Nabi Muhammad}} Para ulama dan panuliih ''sirah'' sapandapek baso hari kalahiran Muhammad jatuah pado bulan Rabiul Awal.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |last=Esposito |first=John L. (ed.) |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0 |page=198 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/?id=E324pQEEQQcC&pg=PA198&dq=muhammad+birthday+Rabi%27+al-awwal#v=onepage&q=muhammad%20birthday%20Rabi%27%20al-awwal&f=false |accessdate=19 June 2012}}</ref> Muhammad lahia di [[Makah]], kota bagian selatan [[Jazirah Arab]], labiah-kurang taun 570, badakekan jo [[Taun Gajah]] nan marupoan taun kagagalan panyarangan Mekkah dek pasukan bagajah di bawah pimpinan [[Abrahah]].<ref name="abraha">* {{cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S0041977X00049016 | last1 = Conrad | first1 = Lawrence I. | year = 1987 | title = Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1 | url = http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3863868&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X00049016 | journal = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 225–240 | access-date = 2015-04-09 | archive-date = 2012-01-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120121152608/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3863868&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X00049016 | dead-url = yes }} * {{Cite book| publisher = G. Bell| last = Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby| title = Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars: with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars| year = 1901| url = http://archive.org/details/elementsofjewish00burnuoft| page = 465}} * {{Cite journal| pages = 6–12| last = Hamidullah| first = Muhammad| authorlink = Muhammad Hamidullah| title = The Nasi', the Hijrah Calendar and the Need of Preparing a New Concordance for the Hijrah and Gregorian Eras: Why the Existing Western Concordances are Not to be Relied Upon| journal = The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs| date = February 1969| url = http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf| access-date = 2015-04-09| archive-date = 2012-11-05| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121105021544/http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf| dead-url = yes}}</ref><ref name="EncWorldHistory">''Encyclopedia of World History'' (1998), p. 452</ref> Pandapek paliang mashua marujuak tanggal 12 Rabiul Awal sabagai hari kalahiran Muhammad. Manuruik teks hadits, Muhammad manyebuik hari Senin sabagai hari kalahirannyo. Panulih ''sirah'' Sulaiman Al-Manshurfuri jo ahli astronomi Mahmud Basya dalam panalitiannyo malacak hari Senin nan dimukasuik batepekan jo tanggal 9 Rabiul Awal. Muhammad barasa dari sabuah klan [[suku Quraisy]] yakni [[Bani Hasyim]] nan mawarisi ranji tahormat di Makah, sakalipun indak tanamo karano kakayoannyo.<ref name="EoI-Muhammad">{{Cite encyclopedia | edition = 2nd| publisher = Brill Academic Publishers| volume = 7| pages = 360–376| last2 = Welch| first2 = A. T.| last1=Buhl | first1 = F.| title = Muḥammad| encyclopedia = [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]| isbn = 90-04-09419-9| year = 1993}}</ref> Ayahnyo, [[Abdullah bin Syaibah|Abdullah]] maningga wakatu Muhammad masih dalam kanduangan, anam bulan sabalun kalahiran.<ref name="Meri2004">{{citation |last=Meri |first=Josef W. |authorlink=Josef W. Meri |title=Medieval Islamic civilization |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC |accessdate=3 January 2013 |volume=1 |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96690-0 |page=525}}</ref> Muhammad bayi dibaok tingga basamo kaluarga dusun di padalaman, mangikuik tradisi pakotaan maso itu untuak manguekan badan jo manjauahan anak dari panyakik pakotaan.<ref name="WattHalimah">Watt, "[http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/halima-bint-abi-dhuayb-SIM_2648 Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb]", ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]''.</ref> Baliau diasuah jo disusui dek [[Halimah As-Sa'diyah|Halimah binti Abi Dhuayb]] di kampuang Bani Saad salamo duo taun.<ref name="IntroQuran182"/> Sasudah itu, Muhammad ketek dibaliakan untuak diasuah kapado budak [[Ummu Aiman]]. Pado umua ka-6, Muhammad kahilangan mandehnyo, [[Aminah binti Wahab|Aminah]] karano sakik.<ref name="IntroQuran182"/><ref>Watt, ''Amina'', [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]</ref> Salamo duo taun sasudahnyo, kabutuahan Muhammad ditangguang jo dicukuikan dek inyiaknyo dari kaluargo ayah, [['Abd al-Muththalib]]. Katiko barumua salapan tahun, inyiaknyo maningga lalu Muhammad sasudahnyo diasuah dek mamaknyo [[Abu Thalib]] nan tampia sabagai pamuko Bani Hasyim sapaningga Abdul Muththalib.<ref name="IntroQuran182">An Introduction to the Quran (1895), p. 182</ref><ref name="Watt7">Watt (1974), p. 7.</ref> ==Rujuakan== {{Reflist|2}} {{Topik Islam}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad}} [[Kategori:Tokoh Islam]] [[Kategori:Islam]] [[Kategori:Tokoh agamo]] {{bio-stub}} krqa1ngcrkvkmymka56kf85x98om08o Palabuahan udaro Internasional Soekarno–Hatta 0 386015 3346070 3160698 2026-04-24T23:46:13Z Vanguard Man 23605 Logo Updated 3346070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Airport | name = Palabuahan udaro Internasional Soekarno–Hatta | nativename = ({{small|{{lang|en|Soekarno–Hatta International Airport}}}}) | image = Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Logo.png | image-width = 250 | image2 = TerminalsSoekarnoHatta.jpg | image2-width = | caption2 = | IATA = CGK | WMO = 96749 | ICAO = WIII | type = Sipil | operator = PT [[Angkasa Pura II]] | city-served = [[Jabotabek]] dan sakitarnyo | location = [[Tangerang]], [[Banten]], [[Indonesia]] | hub = <div> * [[Batik Air]] * [[Citilink]] * [[Garuda Indonesia]] * [[Lion Air]] </div> |focus_city = | built = | opened = | elevation-f = 32 | elevation-m = 10 | latd = 06 | latm = 07 | lats = 32 | latNS = S | longd=106 | longm= 39 | longs= 21 | longEW= E | coordinates_region = | pushpin_map =Indonesia Java#Indonesia | pushpin_label ='''CGK''' | pushpin_map_caption = | website = {{URL|https://soekarnohatta-airport.co.id/}} | metric-elev = | metric-rwy = | r1-number = 07R/25L | r1-length-f = 12.007 | r1-length-m = 3.660 | r1-surface = Aspal Beton | r2-number = 07L/25R | r2-length-f = 11.811 | r2-length-m = 3.600 | r2-surface = Aspal Beton | r3-number = 06/24 | r3-length-f = 9.843 | r3-length-m = 3.000 | r3-surface = Aspal Beton | stat-year = 2018 | stat1-header = Penumpang | stat1-data = 66,908,159 {{increase}} 6.2%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aci.aero/news/2019/03/13/preliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings-released/|title=Preliminary world airport traffic rankings released|access-date=31 July 2019|archive-date=17 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517082213/https://aci.aero/news/2019/03/13/preliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings-released/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | stat2-header = Pergerakan Pesawat | stat2-data = 447,390 {{increase}} 8% | stat3-header = Kargo (Metrik Ton) | stat3-data = 953,606 {{increase}} 16.73%<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cms.angkasapura2.co.id/NUWEB_PUBLIC_FILES/angkasapura2/Annual_01_05_2019__10_15_07.pdf|title=Annual Report 2018|access-date=2019-08-09|archive-date=2019-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731161909/https://cms.angkasapura2.co.id/NUWEB_PUBLIC_FILES/angkasapura2/Annual_01_05_2019__10_15_07.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | stat4-header = Dampak Ekonomi & Sosial | stat4-data = {{nowrap|$5.1 miliyar & 705 ribu<ref name=CGK_ESI>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecquants.com/2012_CGK.aspx |title=Soekarno–Hatta International airport – Economic and social impacts |publisher=Ecquants |access-date=14 September 2013 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923233332/http://www.ecquants.com/2012_CGK.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->}} | footnotes = Sumber: [[Daftar palabuahan udaro tasibuk di Indonesia]] }} '''Palabuahan udaro Internasional Soekarno–Hatta''' ({{lang-en|Soekarno–Hatta International Airport}}) {{airport codes|CGK|WIII}} basingkek '''SHIA'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediaindonesia.com/read/2011/05/17/226706/4/2/Bandara-Soekarno-Hatta-Raih-Dua-Penghargaan|title=Bandara Soekarno Hatta Raih Dua Penghargaan|publisher=Media Indonesia|date=May 17, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522081641/http://www.mediaindonesia.com/read/2011/05/17/226706/4/2/Bandara-Soekarno-Hatta-Raih-Dua-Penghargaan|archivedate=May 22, 2011}}</ref> atau '''Soetta''', sabalunnyo sacaro hukum disabuik palabuahan udaro [[Cengkareng]] Jakarta ({{lang-en|Jakarta Cengkareng Airport}}) (dengan [[IATA]] penunjuk "CGK"),<!--<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.okezone.com/read/2011/01/05/337/410506/singkatan-bandara-soetta-lecehkan-proklamator|title=Singkatan Bandara Soetta Lecehkan Proklamator|publisher=Okezone.com|date=January 5, 2011|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>--> maropakan sabuah [[palabuahan udaro]] utamo nan malayani panabangan untuak panduduak wilayah [[Jabodetabek]] dan sakitarnyo. {{Palabuahan-udaro-asia-stub}} asztzuhk7dnnczkzwt995co5u4brcyl Aljir 0 474348 3346069 3153880 2026-04-24T19:50:37Z Nassimohr 23785 3346069 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Argel 3.jpg|thumb|Panorama kota Aljir]] '''Aljir''' adolah ibu kota jo kota tagadang nagara [[Aljazair]] nan talatak di bagian utara-tangah nagara tu.<ref name=wup>{{Cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=2 |title=UN World Urbanization Prospects |publisher=Esa.un.org |access-date=2010-06-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223005931/http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=2 |archive-date=2009-12-23 }}</ref> Panduduaknyo pado sensus tahun 2008 bajumlah 2.988.145 jiwa.<ref name="ReferenceA">Census 14 April 2008: Office National des Statistiques de l'Algérie (web).</ref> Namo kota ko diambiak dari [[bahaso Parancih]] jo [[Bahaso Katalan|Katalan]] ''Alger''<ref name="leschi">''Origins of Algiers'' by [[Louis Leschi]], speech delivered June 16, 1941, published in ''El Djezair Sheets'', July 1941 [http://alger-roi.fr/Alger/alger_son_histoire/textes/3_origines_alger_1941_feuillets.htm History of Algeria].</ref> dari namo [[Bahaso Arab|Arab]] ''al-Jazāʾir'' (الجزائر), nan bararti "Pulau". Sijarah awal kota ko adolah sabagai palabuahan ketek di [[Kartago kuno|Kartago]], tampek urang [[Banso Fenisia|Fenisia]] badagang jo urang Mediterania lainnyo. Sasudah [[Parang Punisia]], [[Republik Romawi|Romawi]] maambiak aliah kota ko, nan disabuik ''Icosium''. Kota ko diagiah [[hak Latin]] dek kaisar [[Vespasianus]]. Para uskup di Icosium disabuikan hinggo akhia abaik ka-5,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=655}} namun kota kuno ko manjadi indak dikana salamo [[Panakluakan Maghribi dek Muslim|panakluakan Muslim di Maghribi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Algeria - Key Figures in Algeria's history |url=https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Algeria-history.htm |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=www.nationsonline.org |archive-date=2022-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315235821/https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Algeria-history.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kota moderennyo didirian pado tahun 944 dek [[Buluggin bin Ziri]], pandiri [[dinasti Zirid]].<ref name="Ruedy2005">{{cite book | author = John Ruedy | date = 12 August 2005 | title = Modern Algeria, Second Edition: The Origins and Development of a Nation | publisher = Indiana University Press | pages = 13– | isbn = 978-0-253-21782-0 | oclc = 1025661094 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WIRWgrbE_fEC&pg=PA13 | access-date = 6 November 2015 | archive-date = 21 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240521144644/https://books.google.com/books?id=WIRWgrbE_fEC&pg=PA13 | url-status = live }}</ref> Walaupun kota ko barado di [[Afrika]], takadang turun salju walaupun jarang, nan tarakhia pado tahun 2012 satinggi 100 milimeter (4 inci).<ref>{{cite news |title=European Chill Moves West, 122 Die in Ukraine |first=Richard |last=Balmforth |date=4 February 2012 |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-weather-idUSTRE8130NK20120204 |access-date=30 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914142912/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/04/us-europe-weather-idUSTRE8130NK20120204 |archive-date=14 September 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Aljazair]] [[Kategori:Ibu kota nagara di Afrika]] [[Kategori:Kota di Aljazair]] rkb0efu2lo4ty2jt17qy6kxrgr0qa79 3346084 3346069 2026-04-25T01:22:17Z Rang Djambak 14874 Mambatalan revisi [[Special:Diff/3346069|3346069]] oleh [[Special:Contributions/Nassimohr|Nassimohr]] ([[User talk:Nassimohr|maota]]) 3346084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Argel 3.jpg|thumb|Panorama kota Aljir]] '''Aljir''' adolah ibu kota jo kota tagadang nagara [[Aljazair]] nan talatak di bagian utara-tangah nagara tu.<ref name=wup>{{Cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=2 |title=UN World Urbanization Prospects |publisher=Esa.un.org |access-date=2010-06-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223005931/http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=2 |archive-date=2009-12-23 }}</ref> Panduduaknyo pado sensus tahun 2008 bajumlah 2.988.145 jiwa.<ref name="ReferenceA">Census 14 April 2008: Office National des Statistiques de l'Algérie (web).</ref> Namo kota ko diambiak dari [[bahaso Parancih]] jo [[Bahaso Katalan|Katalan]] ''Alger''<ref name="leschi">''Origins of Algiers'' by [[Louis Leschi]], speech delivered June 16, 1941, published in ''El Djezair Sheets'', July 1941 [http://alger-roi.fr/Alger/alger_son_histoire/textes/3_origines_alger_1941_feuillets.htm History of Algeria].</ref> dari namo [[Bahaso Arab|Arab]] ''al-Jazāʾir'' (الجزائر), nan bararti "Pulau". Sijarah awal kota ko adolah sabagai palabuahan ketek di [[Kartago kuno|Kartago]], tampek urang [[Banso Fenisia|Fenisia]] badagang jo urang Mediterania lainnyo. Sasudah [[Parang Punisia]], [[Republik Romawi|Romawi]] maambiak aliah kota ko, nan disabuik ''Icosium''. Kota ko diagiah [[hak Latin]] dek kaisar [[Vespasianus]]. Para uskup di Icosium disabuikan hinggo akhia abaik ka-5,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=655}} namun kota kuno ko manjadi indak dikana salamo [[Panakluakan Maghribi dek Muslim|panakluakan Muslim di Maghribi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Algeria - Key Figures in Algeria's history |url=https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Algeria-history.htm |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=www.nationsonline.org |archive-date=2022-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315235821/https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Algeria-history.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kota moderennyo didirian pado tahun 944 dek [[Buluggin bin Ziri]], pandiri [[dinasti Zirid]].<ref name="Ruedy2005">{{cite book | author = John Ruedy | date = 12 August 2005 | title = Modern Algeria, Second Edition: The Origins and Development of a Nation | publisher = Indiana University Press | pages = 13– | isbn = 978-0-253-21782-0 | oclc = 1025661094 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WIRWgrbE_fEC&pg=PA13 | access-date = 6 November 2015 | archive-date = 21 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240521144644/https://books.google.com/books?id=WIRWgrbE_fEC&pg=PA13 | url-status = live }}</ref> Walaupun kota ko barado di [[Afrika]], takadang turun salju walaupun jarang, nan tarakhia pado tahun 2012 satinggi 100 milimeter (4 inci).<ref>{{cite news |title=European Chill Moves West, 122 Die in Ukraine |first=Richard |last=Balmforth |date=4 February 2012 |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-weather-idUSTRE8130NK20120204 |access-date=30 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914142912/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/04/us-europe-weather-idUSTRE8130NK20120204 |archive-date=14 September 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Aljir]] [[Kategori:Ibu kota nagara di Afrika]] [[Kategori:Kota di Aljazair]] b4v3ayujg4975g0pew8gw07sjdlqypy Wikipedia:Artikel nan Tapiliah/Mai 2026 4 477681 3346065 3346063 2026-04-24T12:01:24Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346065 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|left|150px]] '''Haji''' adolah ziarah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makkah]], kota suci bagi Muslim di [[Arab Saudi]], jo marupokan kawajiban satiok [[Muslim]] dewasa nan mampu sacaro fisik jo finansial untuak manunaiannyo saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik. Dalam Islam, haji marupokan ziarah ka [[Ka'bah]] jo tamasuak salah ciek rukun Islam basamo [[syahadaik]], [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], sarato [[Ramadhan|puaso Ramadhan]]. Ibadah ko mancaminan pasaudaraan, kasataraan, sarato katunduakan umaik Islam pado [[Allah]], sakaliguih manjadi sarana panyucian diri dari doso. Rangkaian ibadah haji balansuang salamo 5-6 hari pado 8-12 atau 13 Dzulhijjah. Karano [[Kalender Hijriah|kalender Islam]] babasis lunar, tanggal haji dalam [[Kalender Gregorius|kalender Masehi]] babedo-bedo tiok tahunnyo. Ritual haji maliputi [[ihram]], tawaf mangaliliangi Ka'bah, sa'i antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], wukuf di [[Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], [[mambae jumrah]], sarato diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan barayo [[Iduladha]].'''([[Haji|salangkoknyo...]])''' <small>Artikel nan Tapiliah sabalunnyo: [[Bahaso Minangkabau]] &ndash; [[Biluluak]] &ndash; [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]] &ndash; [[Rohana Muthalib]]</small> [[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah 2026]] 3iakelj2ovalci6ayymy0jc2oy2jxls 3346072 3346065 2026-04-25T00:39:38Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346072 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|left|150px]] '''Haji''' adolah ziarah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makkah]], kota suci bagi Muslim di [[Arab Saudi]], jo marupokan kawajiban satiok [[Muslim]] dewasa nan mampu sacaro fisik jo finansial untuak manunaiannyo saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik. Dalam Islam, haji marupokan ziarah ka [[Ka'bah]] jo tamasuak salah ciek rukun Islam basamo [[syahadaik]], [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], sarato [[Ramadhan|puaso Ramadhan]]. Ibadah ko mancaminan pasaudaraan, kasataraan, sarato katunduakan umaik Islam pado [[Allah]], sakaliguih manjadi sarana panyucian diri dari doso. Rangkaian ibadah haji balansuang salamo 5-6 hari pado 8-12 atau 13 Dzulhijjah. Karano [[Kalender Hijriah|kalender Islam]] babasis lunar, tanggal haji dalam [[Kalender Gregorius|kalender Masehi]] babedo-bedo tiok tahunnyo. Ritual haji maliputi [[ihram]], tawaf mangaliliangi Ka'bah, sa'i antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], wukuf di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], [[mambae jumrah]], sarato diakhiai jo [[kurban]] dan barayo [[Iduladha]].'''([[Haji|salangkoknyo...]])''' <small>Artikel nan Tapiliah sabalunnyo: [[Bahaso Minangkabau]] &ndash; [[Biluluak]] &ndash; [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]] &ndash; [[Rohana Muthalib]]</small> [[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah 2026]] b7sbsjguw8d2agxczbyk77f49x734w9 3346098 3346072 2026-04-25T07:17:09Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346098 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|left|150px]] '''Haji''' adolah ziarah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makkah]], kota suci bagi Muslim di [[Arab Saudi]], jo marupokan kawajiban satiok [[Muslim]] dewasa nan mampu sacaro fisik jo finansial untuak manunaiannyo saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik. Dalam Islam, haji marupokan ziarah ka [[Ka'bah]] jo tamasuak salah ciek rukun Islam basamo [[syahadaik]], [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], sarato [[Ramadhan|puaso Ramadhan]]. Ibadah ko mancaminan pasaudaraan, kasataraan, sarato katunduakan umaik Islam pado [[Allah]], sakaliguih manjadi sarana panyucian diri dari doso. Rangkaian ibadah haji balansuang salamo 5-6 hari pado 8-12 atau 13 Dzulhijjah. Karano [[Kalender Hijriah|kalender Islam]] babasis lunar, tanggal haji dalam [[Kalender Gregorius|kalender Masehi]] babedo-bedo tiok tahunnyo. Ritual haji maliputi [[ihram]], tawaf mangaliliangi Ka'bah, sa'i antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], wukuf di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], [[mambae jumrah]], sarato diakhiai jo [[kurban (Islam)|kurban]] dan barayo [[Iduladha]].'''([[Haji|salangkoknyo...]])''' <small>Artikel nan Tapiliah sabalunnyo: [[Bahaso Minangkabau]] &ndash; [[Biluluak]] &ndash; [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]] &ndash; [[Rohana Muthalib]]</small> [[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah 2026]] lynm9b99v3ojnrtnuovv65jj27l6lv8 Safa jo Marwa 0 477684 3346066 2026-04-24T12:12:59Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "[[File:Sa'y between Safa and Marwa 01.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang basa'i.]] Safa jo Marwah adolah duo bukik ketek di Makah, Arab Saudi, nan masiang-masiang tahubuang jo Gunuang Abu Qubais dan Qaiqan,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Hamw|first1=Mahmoud M.|title=Makkah Al-Mukarramah: History and Milestones|last2=Isa|first2=Abdul Ghani|year=2019}}</ref> jo kini manjadi bagian dari Masjidil Haram. Umaik Islam bajalan atau balari ketek pulang-baliak di antaro kaduonyo..." 3346066 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sa'y between Safa and Marwa 01.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang basa'i.]] Safa jo Marwah adolah duo bukik ketek di Makah, Arab Saudi, nan masiang-masiang tahubuang jo Gunuang Abu Qubais dan Qaiqan,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Hamw|first1=Mahmoud M.|title=Makkah Al-Mukarramah: History and Milestones|last2=Isa|first2=Abdul Ghani|year=2019}}</ref> jo kini manjadi bagian dari Masjidil Haram. Umaik Islam bajalan atau balari ketek pulang-baliak di antaro kaduonyo sabanyak tujuah kali dalam ritual nan disabuik sa'i, nan marupokan bagian pantiang dari ibadah haji jo umroh.<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book|last=Mohamed|first=Mamdouh N.|url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha|title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z|publisher=Amana Publications|year=1996|isbn=0-915957-54-X|url-access=registration}}</ref> Kagiatan ko diyakini mamparingeki usaho Siti Hajar mancari aia untuak anaknyo Ismail nan kahauihan hinggo manyobokan mato aia di sumua Zam-zam. Area di antaro kaduo bukik tampek jama'ah mangarajoan sa'i disabuik al-Mas’aa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2018-01-06|title=IN PICTURES: The story of a Muslim ritual with roots dating back 5,000 years|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/features/2018/01/06/IN-PICTURES-The-story-of-a-Muslim-ritual-that-goes-back-5-000-years.html|access-date=2020-07-06|website=Al Arabiya English|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} jw5nb167hqh2d5uzxgriawc197p219d 3346067 3346066 2026-04-24T12:14:05Z Rang Djambak 14874 +[[Kategori:Haji]]; +[[Kategori:Masjidil Haram]] manggunoan [[Bantuan:HotCat|HotCat]] 3346067 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sa'y between Safa and Marwa 01.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang basa'i.]] Safa jo Marwah adolah duo bukik ketek di Makah, Arab Saudi, nan masiang-masiang tahubuang jo Gunuang Abu Qubais dan Qaiqan,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Hamw|first1=Mahmoud M.|title=Makkah Al-Mukarramah: History and Milestones|last2=Isa|first2=Abdul Ghani|year=2019}}</ref> jo kini manjadi bagian dari Masjidil Haram. Umaik Islam bajalan atau balari ketek pulang-baliak di antaro kaduonyo sabanyak tujuah kali dalam ritual nan disabuik sa'i, nan marupokan bagian pantiang dari ibadah haji jo umroh.<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book|last=Mohamed|first=Mamdouh N.|url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha|title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z|publisher=Amana Publications|year=1996|isbn=0-915957-54-X|url-access=registration}}</ref> Kagiatan ko diyakini mamparingeki usaho Siti Hajar mancari aia untuak anaknyo Ismail nan kahauihan hinggo manyobokan mato aia di sumua Zam-zam. Area di antaro kaduo bukik tampek jama'ah mangarajoan sa'i disabuik al-Mas’aa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2018-01-06|title=IN PICTURES: The story of a Muslim ritual with roots dating back 5,000 years|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/features/2018/01/06/IN-PICTURES-The-story-of-a-Muslim-ritual-that-goes-back-5-000-years.html|access-date=2020-07-06|website=Al Arabiya English|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Haji]] [[Kategori:Masjidil Haram]] h7rokn8mcgaev7ufmir9hiao0x28pvx 3346068 3346067 2026-04-24T12:15:52Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346068 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sa'y between Safa and Marwa 01.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang basa'i.]] '''Safa jo Marwa''' adolah duo bukik ketek di [[Makah]], [[Arab Saudi]], nan masiang-masiang tahubuang jo Gunuang Abu Qubais dan Qaiqan,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Hamw|first1=Mahmoud M.|title=Makkah Al-Mukarramah: History and Milestones|last2=Isa|first2=Abdul Ghani|year=2019}}</ref> jo kini manjadi bagian dari [[Masjidil Haram]]. [[Muslim|Umaik Islam]] bajalan atau balari ketek pulang-baliak di antaro kaduonyo sabanyak tujuah kali dalam ritual nan disabuik sa'i, nan marupokan bagian pantiang dari ibadah [[haji]] jo [[umroh]].<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book|last=Mohamed|first=Mamdouh N.|url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha|title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z|publisher=Amana Publications|year=1996|isbn=0-915957-54-X|url-access=registration}}</ref> Kagiatan ko diyakini mamparingeki usaho [[Siti Hajar]] mancari aia untuak anaknyo [[Ismail]] nan kahauihan hinggo manyobokan mato aia di sumua [[Zamzam|Zam-zam]]. Area di antaro kaduo bukik tampek jama'ah mangarajoan sa'i disabuik al-Mas’aa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2018-01-06|title=IN PICTURES: The story of a Muslim ritual with roots dating back 5,000 years|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/features/2018/01/06/IN-PICTURES-The-story-of-a-Muslim-ritual-that-goes-back-5-000-years.html|access-date=2020-07-06|website=Al Arabiya English|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Haji]] [[Kategori:Masjidil Haram]] 8britxhvxpqv0wx66uvbi3bt5ef7bt3 Gunuang Arafah 0 477685 3346073 2026-04-25T00:39:55Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "[[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb]] Gunuang Arafah adolah sabuah bukik granodiorit nan talatak sakitar 20 km di tenggara Makah, di provinsi jo namo nan samo di Arab Saudi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Qureshi|first1=A. A.|last2=Sultan|first2=A.|last3=Rashid|first3=A.|last4=Ali|first4=M.|last5=Waheed|first5=A.|last6=Manzoor|first6=S.|last7=Baloch|first7=M. A.|last8=Matiullah|last9=Batool|first9=S...." 3346073 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb]] Gunuang Arafah adolah sabuah bukik granodiorit nan talatak sakitar 20 km di tenggara Makah, di provinsi jo namo nan samo di Arab Saudi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Qureshi|first1=A. A.|last2=Sultan|first2=A.|last3=Rashid|first3=A.|last4=Ali|first4=M.|last5=Waheed|first5=A.|last6=Manzoor|first6=S.|last7=Baloch|first7=M. A.|last8=Matiullah|last9=Batool|first9=S.|last10=Khan|first10=H. A.|date=September 2012|title=Geological and radiological studies of the Mount Arafat, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia|journal=Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry|language=en|volume=293|issue=3|pages=955–963|doi=10.1007/s10967-012-1776-0|bibcode=2012JRNC..293..955Q |s2cid=95942060|issn=0236-5731}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com.sa/maps/dir/Mt+Arafat/Makkah/@21.3850184,39.8410552,12zdata=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x15e9fdbfebe918df:0x6cfad77937cbd28e!2m2!1d40.0027778!2d21.3666667!1m5!1m1!1s0x15c21b4ced818775:0x98ab2469cf70c9ce!2m2!1d39.8166667!2d21.4166667!3e0|title=خرائط Google}}</ref> Katinggiannyo sakitar 70 m, jo titiak tatinggi barado pado elevasi 454 meter di ateh parmukaan lauik. Nabi Islam Muhammad, sabalum manjadi nabi, malanggar tradisi sukunyo, Quraisy, jo tagak-tagak di Arafah basamo urang Arab lainnyo, nan mangajuikan sasamo anggota suku Quraisy, Jubair bin Mt'im, nan manyoroti bahwasannyo inyo tamasuak bagian dari Hums jo mampatanyoan apo urusannyo barado di sinan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahih al-Bukhari 1664 - Hajj (Pilgrimage) - كتاب الحج - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1664 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahih Muslim 1220 - The Book of Pilgrimage - كتاب الحج - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/muslim:1220 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> Manuruik tradisi Islam, bukik ko marupokan tampek di mano Muhammad tagak jo manyampaian Katubah Papisahan (Khuṭbat al-Wadāʿ) kapado para sahabatnyo nan mangawaninyo dalam ibadah haji manjalang akhia hiduiknyo.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burns |first1=William E. |title=Speeches in World History |date=25 June 2010 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-2680-7 |page=79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-6ghsWDMTAC&dq=Farewell+Sermon+arafat&pg=PA79 |access-date=14 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Sabagian umaik Islam mayakini bahwa Gunuang Arafah adolah tampek di mano Adam jo Hawa batamu baliak di Bumi sasudah diturunan dari Sarugo, sarato picayo bahwa gunuang ko marupokan tampek urang tu diampuni, sahinggo diagiah namo Jabal Rahmah nan bararti Gunuang Kasiah Sayang. Sabuah tiang didirian di puncak gunuang untuak manandoi lokasi nan diyakini sabagai tampek tajadinyo paristiwa tu. Gunuang ko mampunyoi arati pantiang khususnyo salamo ibadah haji, jo hari ka-9 Dzulhijjah dalam kalender Hijriah, nan dikenal juo sabagai Hari Arafah sasuai jo namo gunuang ko, manjadi hari katiko para jama'ah haji barangkek dari Mina manuju Arafah; hari ko dianggap sabagai hari tapantiang dalam palaksanaan haji. Katubah disampaian jo sumbayang Zuhur sarato Ashar dikarajoan sacaro bajama'ah di lambah. Para jama'ah mahabihan sapanjang hari di gunuang tu untuak badoa kapado Allah agar sakalian doso diampuni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1359496/saudi-arabia|title=More than 2 million pilgrims complete journey to Mount Arafat for second day of Hajj|date=2018-08-20|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2019-04-14}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} jdytsulhtkp6g7qayzkdjx5s54mvptd 3346074 3346073 2026-04-25T00:40:58Z Rang Djambak 14874 +[[Kategori:Haji]]; +[[Kategori:Gunuang di Arab Saudi]] manggunoan [[Bantuan:HotCat|HotCat]] 3346074 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb]] Gunuang Arafah adolah sabuah bukik granodiorit nan talatak sakitar 20 km di tenggara Makah, di provinsi jo namo nan samo di Arab Saudi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Qureshi|first1=A. A.|last2=Sultan|first2=A.|last3=Rashid|first3=A.|last4=Ali|first4=M.|last5=Waheed|first5=A.|last6=Manzoor|first6=S.|last7=Baloch|first7=M. A.|last8=Matiullah|last9=Batool|first9=S.|last10=Khan|first10=H. A.|date=September 2012|title=Geological and radiological studies of the Mount Arafat, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia|journal=Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry|language=en|volume=293|issue=3|pages=955–963|doi=10.1007/s10967-012-1776-0|bibcode=2012JRNC..293..955Q |s2cid=95942060|issn=0236-5731}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com.sa/maps/dir/Mt+Arafat/Makkah/@21.3850184,39.8410552,12zdata=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x15e9fdbfebe918df:0x6cfad77937cbd28e!2m2!1d40.0027778!2d21.3666667!1m5!1m1!1s0x15c21b4ced818775:0x98ab2469cf70c9ce!2m2!1d39.8166667!2d21.4166667!3e0|title=خرائط Google}}</ref> Katinggiannyo sakitar 70 m, jo titiak tatinggi barado pado elevasi 454 meter di ateh parmukaan lauik. Nabi Islam Muhammad, sabalum manjadi nabi, malanggar tradisi sukunyo, Quraisy, jo tagak-tagak di Arafah basamo urang Arab lainnyo, nan mangajuikan sasamo anggota suku Quraisy, Jubair bin Mt'im, nan manyoroti bahwasannyo inyo tamasuak bagian dari Hums jo mampatanyoan apo urusannyo barado di sinan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahih al-Bukhari 1664 - Hajj (Pilgrimage) - كتاب الحج - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1664 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahih Muslim 1220 - The Book of Pilgrimage - كتاب الحج - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/muslim:1220 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> Manuruik tradisi Islam, bukik ko marupokan tampek di mano Muhammad tagak jo manyampaian Katubah Papisahan (Khuṭbat al-Wadāʿ) kapado para sahabatnyo nan mangawaninyo dalam ibadah haji manjalang akhia hiduiknyo.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burns |first1=William E. |title=Speeches in World History |date=25 June 2010 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-2680-7 |page=79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-6ghsWDMTAC&dq=Farewell+Sermon+arafat&pg=PA79 |access-date=14 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Sabagian umaik Islam mayakini bahwa Gunuang Arafah adolah tampek di mano Adam jo Hawa batamu baliak di Bumi sasudah diturunan dari Sarugo, sarato picayo bahwa gunuang ko marupokan tampek urang tu diampuni, sahinggo diagiah namo Jabal Rahmah nan bararti Gunuang Kasiah Sayang. Sabuah tiang didirian di puncak gunuang untuak manandoi lokasi nan diyakini sabagai tampek tajadinyo paristiwa tu. Gunuang ko mampunyoi arati pantiang khususnyo salamo ibadah haji, jo hari ka-9 Dzulhijjah dalam kalender Hijriah, nan dikenal juo sabagai Hari Arafah sasuai jo namo gunuang ko, manjadi hari katiko para jama'ah haji barangkek dari Mina manuju Arafah; hari ko dianggap sabagai hari tapantiang dalam palaksanaan haji. Katubah disampaian jo sumbayang Zuhur sarato Ashar dikarajoan sacaro bajama'ah di lambah. Para jama'ah mahabihan sapanjang hari di gunuang tu untuak badoa kapado Allah agar sakalian doso diampuni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1359496/saudi-arabia|title=More than 2 million pilgrims complete journey to Mount Arafat for second day of Hajj|date=2018-08-20|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2019-04-14}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Haji]] [[Kategori:Gunuang di Arab Saudi]] 8grnqmbnyzb7g1qv6zfgoj7unuwelcl 3346075 3346074 2026-04-25T00:44:42Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346075 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb]] '''Gunuang Arafah''' adolah sabuah bukik granodiorit nan talatak sakitar 20 km di tenggara [[Makah]], di [[Provinsi Makah|provinsi]] jo namo nan samo di [[Arab Saudi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Qureshi|first1=A. A.|last2=Sultan|first2=A.|last3=Rashid|first3=A.|last4=Ali|first4=M.|last5=Waheed|first5=A.|last6=Manzoor|first6=S.|last7=Baloch|first7=M. A.|last8=Matiullah|last9=Batool|first9=S.|last10=Khan|first10=H. A.|date=September 2012|title=Geological and radiological studies of the Mount Arafat, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia|journal=Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry|language=en|volume=293|issue=3|pages=955–963|doi=10.1007/s10967-012-1776-0|bibcode=2012JRNC..293..955Q |s2cid=95942060|issn=0236-5731}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com.sa/maps/dir/Mt+Arafat/Makkah/@21.3850184,39.8410552,12zdata=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x15e9fdbfebe918df:0x6cfad77937cbd28e!2m2!1d40.0027778!2d21.3666667!1m5!1m1!1s0x15c21b4ced818775:0x98ab2469cf70c9ce!2m2!1d39.8166667!2d21.4166667!3e0|title=خرائط Google}}</ref> Katinggiannyo sakitar 70 m, jo titiak tatinggi barado pado elevasi 454 meter di ateh parmukaan lauik. Nabi Islam [[Muhammad]], sabalum manjadi nabi, malanggar tradisi sukunyo, [[Bani Quraisy|Quraisy]], jo tagak-tagak di Arafah basamo [[urang Arab]] lainnyo, nan mangajuikan sasamo anggota suku Quraisy, [[Jubair bin Mut'im]], nan manyoroti bahwasannyo inyo tamasuak bagian dari Hums jo mampatanyoan apo urusannyo barado di sinan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahih al-Bukhari 1664 - Hajj (Pilgrimage) - كتاب الحج - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1664 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahih Muslim 1220 - The Book of Pilgrimage - كتاب الحج - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/muslim:1220 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> Manuruik tradisi [[Islam]], bukik ko marupokan tampek di mano Muhammad tagak jo manyampaian [[Katubah Papisahan]] (''Khuṭbat al-Wadāʿ'') kapado para sahabatnyo nan mangawaninyo dalam ibadah [[haji]] manjalang akhia hiduiknyo.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burns |first1=William E. |title=Speeches in World History |date=25 June 2010 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-2680-7 |page=79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-6ghsWDMTAC&dq=Farewell+Sermon+arafat&pg=PA79 |access-date=14 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Sabagian umaik Islam mayakini bahwa Gunuang Arafah adolah tampek di mano [[Adam]] jo [[Hawa]] batamu baliak di [[Bumi]] sasudah diturunan dari [[Sarugo]], sarato picayo bahwa gunuang ko marupokan tampek urang tu diampuni, sahinggo diagiah namo ''Jabal Rahmah'' nan bararti Gunuang Kasiah Sayang. Sabuah tiang didirian di puncak gunuang untuak manandoi lokasi nan diyakini sabagai tampek tajadinyo paristiwa tu. Gunuang ko mampunyoi arati pantiang khususnyo salamo ibadah haji, jo hari ka-9 Dzulhijjah dalam [[kalender Hijriyah]], nan dikenal juo sabagai Hari Arafah sasuai jo namo gunuang ko, manjadi hari katiko para jama'ah haji barangkek dari [[Mina, Arab Saudi|Mina]] manuju Arafah; hari ko dianggap sabagai hari tapantiang dalam palaksanaan haji. Katubah disampaian jo sumbayang Zuhur sarato Ashar dikarajoan sacaro bajama'ah di lambah. Para jama'ah mahabihan sapanjang hari di gunuang tu untuak badoa kapado [[Allah]] agar sakalian doso diampuni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1359496/saudi-arabia|title=More than 2 million pilgrims complete journey to Mount Arafat for second day of Hajj|date=2018-08-20|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2019-04-14}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Haji]] [[Kategori:Gunuang di Arab Saudi]] rf49imnbk7j1k0qggrtv70cocc8r0dz Templat:Tlit 10 477686 3346077 2026-04-25T01:06:27Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mengalihkan ke [[Templat:Transl]] 3346077 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Templat:Transl]] qawylgjrx5toi6au8bl5gswfg1fgod0 Templat:Literal translation 10 477687 3346078 2026-04-25T01:08:57Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mengalihkan ke [[Templat:Tajamahan harfiah]] 3346078 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Templat:Tajamahan harfiah]] 8jzypqa69vrg88nlre4kxhlfcgf6rgb Templat:Infobox Arabic name 10 477688 3346079 2026-04-25T01:13:25Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "{{Infobox | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | title = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|'''[[Namo Arab]]'''}} | decat = yes <!-- remove from template:infobox tracking categories --> | bodyclass = biography vcard | labelstyle = padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%; | abovestyle = background-color:#CF9; font-size:110%; | above = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes||{{#if:{{{ism|}}}{{{ism-ar|}}}{{{nasab|}}}{{{nasab-ar|}}}{{{kunya|}}}{{{kunya-ar|}}}{{{laqab|}}}{{{laqab-ar|}}..." 3346079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | title = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|'''[[Namo Arab]]'''}} | decat = yes <!-- remove from template:infobox tracking categories --> | bodyclass = biography vcard | labelstyle = padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%; | abovestyle = background-color:#CF9; font-size:110%; | above = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes||{{#if:{{{ism|}}}{{{ism-ar|}}}{{{nasab|}}}{{{nasab-ar|}}}{{{kunya|}}}{{{kunya-ar|}}}{{{laqab|}}}{{{laqab-ar|}}}{{{nisba|}}}{{{nisba-ar|}}}{{{birthname|{{{birth_name|}}}}}}{{{other|}}}|[[Arabic name]]}}}} | label2 = [[Ism (namo)|Pribadi{{#if:{{both|{{{ism|}}}|{{{ism-ar|}}}}}|<br>|&#32;}}<small>(''Ism'')</small>]] | data2 = {{br separated entries|{{{ism|}}}|{{#if:{{{ism-ar|}}}|{{lang|ar|{{{ism-ar|}}}}}}}}} | label3 = [[Nasab|Patronimik{{#if:{{both|{{{nasab|}}}|{{{nasab-ar|}}}}}|<br>|&#32;}}<small>(''Nasab'')</small>]] | data3 = {{br separated entries|{{{nasab|}}}|{{#if:{{{nasab-ar|}}}|{{lang|ar|{{{nasab-ar|}}}}}}}}} | label4 = [[Kunya|Teknonim{{#if:{{both|{{{kunya|}}}|{{{kunya-ar|}}}}}|<br>|&#32;}}<small>(''Kunyah'')</small>]] | data4 = {{br separated entries|{{{kunya|}}}|{{#if:{{{kunya-ar|}}}|{{lang|ar|{{{kunya-ar|}}}}}}}}} | label5 = [[Laqab|Julukan{{#if:{{both|{{{laqab|}}}|{{{laqab-ar|}}}}}|<br>|&#32;}}<small>(''Laqab'')</small>]] | data5 = {{br separated entries|{{{laqab|}}}|{{#if:{{{laqab-ar|}}}|{{lang|ar|{{{laqab-ar|}}}}}}}}} | label6 = [[Nisbah|Toponim{{#if:{{both|{{{nisba|}}}|{{{nisba-ar|}}}}}|<br>|&#32;}}<small>(''Nisbah'')</small>]] | data6 = {{br separated entries|{{{nisba|}}}|{{#if:{{{nisba-ar|}}}|{{lang|ar|{{{nisba-ar|}}}}}}}}} | label7 = Namo lahia | data7 = {{{birthname|{{{birth_name|}}}}}} | label8 = Namo lain | data8 = {{{other|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> seu4k1u3q5xg2ypf2fqci20iqciwx3v 3346080 3346079 2026-04-25T01:15:26Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | title = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|'''[[Namo Arab]]'''}} | decat = yes <!-- remove from template:infobox tracking categories --> | bodyclass = biography vcard | labelstyle = padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%; | abovestyle = background-color:#CF9; font-size:110%; | above = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes||{{#if:{{{ism|}}}{{{ism-ar|}}}{{{nasab|}}}{{{nasab-ar|}}}{{{kunya|}}}{{{kunya-ar|}}}{{{laqab|}}}{{{laqab-ar|}}}{{{nisba|}}}{{{nisba-ar|}}}{{{birthname|{{{birth_name|}}}}}}{{{other|}}}|[[Arabic name]]}}}} | label2 = [[Ism (namo)|Pribadi{{#if:{{both|{{{ism|}}}|{{{ism-ar|}}}}}|<br>|&#32;}}<small>(''Ism'')</small>]] | data2 = {{br separated entries|{{{ism|}}}|{{#if:{{{ism-ar|}}}|{{lang|ar|{{{ism-ar|}}}}}}}}} | label3 = [[Nasab|Patronimik{{#if:{{both|{{{nasab|}}}|{{{nasab-ar|}}}}}|<br>|&#32;}}<small>(''Nasab'')</small>]] | data3 = {{br separated entries|{{{nasab|}}}|{{#if:{{{nasab-ar|}}}|{{lang|ar|{{{nasab-ar|}}}}}}}}} | label4 = [[Kunya|Teknonim{{#if:{{both|{{{kunya|}}}|{{{kunya-ar|}}}}}|<br>|&#32;}}<small>(''Kunyah'')</small>]] | data4 = {{br separated entries|{{{kunya|}}}|{{#if:{{{kunya-ar|}}}|{{lang|ar|{{{kunya-ar|}}}}}}}}} | label5 = [[Laqab|Juluakan{{#if:{{both|{{{laqab|}}}|{{{laqab-ar|}}}}}|<br>|&#32;}}<small>(''Laqab'')</small>]] | data5 = {{br separated entries|{{{laqab|}}}|{{#if:{{{laqab-ar|}}}|{{lang|ar|{{{laqab-ar|}}}}}}}}} | label6 = [[Nisbah|Toponim{{#if:{{both|{{{nisba|}}}|{{{nisba-ar|}}}}}|<br>|&#32;}}<small>(''Nisbah'')</small>]] | data6 = {{br separated entries|{{{nisba|}}}|{{#if:{{{nisba-ar|}}}|{{lang|ar|{{{nisba-ar|}}}}}}}}} | label7 = Namo lahia | data7 = {{{birthname|{{{birth_name|}}}}}} | label8 = Namo lain | data8 = {{{other|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 88tojml7qx77ecdy1fsv3r64m4wnno7 Muzdalifah 0 477689 3346085 2026-04-25T06:37:34Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "[[File:Fajr in Muzdalifah.jpg|thumb]] Muzdalifah adolah daerah tabukak jo data di dakek Makah di wilayah Hijaz, Arab Saudi yang takaik jo Haji.<ref name="Long1979">{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |chapter=2: The Rites of the Hajj |pages=11–24 |year=1979 |publisher=SUNY Press |quote=With thousands of Hajjis, most of them in motor vehicles, rushing headlong for Muzdalifah{{nbsp}}[...] T..." 3346085 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fajr in Muzdalifah.jpg|thumb]] Muzdalifah adolah daerah tabukak jo data di dakek Makah di wilayah Hijaz, Arab Saudi yang takaik jo Haji.<ref name="Long1979">{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |chapter=2: The Rites of the Hajj |pages=11–24 |year=1979 |publisher=SUNY Press |quote=With thousands of Hajjis, most of them in motor vehicles, rushing headlong for Muzdalifah{{nbsp}}[...] There is special grace for praying at the roofless mosque in Muzdalifah called al-Mash'ar al-Haram (the Sacred Grove) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC |isbn=0-8739-5382-7}}</ref><ref name="Danarto1989">{{cite book |author=Danarto |title=A Javanese pilgrim in Mecca |year=1989 |page=27 |publisher=Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University |quote=It was still dark when we arrived at Muzdalifah, four miles away. The Koran instructs us to spend the night at al-Mash'ar al-Haram. the Sacred Grove at Muzdalifah, as one of the conditions for the hajj. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/16885565?q&versionId=19820365 |isbn=0-8674-6939-0}}</ref><ref name="Jones2005">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Jones |first=Lindsay |title=Encyclopedia of religion |publisher=[[Macmillan Reference USA]] |page=7159 |volume=10 |year=2005 |quote=The Qur'an admonishes: "When you hurry from Arafat, remember God at the Sacred Grove (al-mash' ar al-haram)," that is, at Muzdalifah (2:198). Today a mosque marks the place in Muzdalifah where pilgrims gather to perform the special saldt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjQOAQAAMAAJ |isbn=0-0286-5743-8}}</ref><ref name="BadawiSardar1978">{{cite book |author1=Ziauddin Sardar |author-link=Ziauddin Sardar |author2=M. A. [[Zaki Badawi]] |title=Hajj Studies |publisher=[[Croom Helm]] for Hajj Research Centre; [[King Abdul Aziz University]] |location=[[Jeddah]] |page=32 |year=1978 |quote=Muzdalifah is an open plain sheltered by parched hills with sparse growth of thorn bushes. The pilgrims spend a night under the open sky of the roofless Mosque, the Sacred Grove, Al Mush'ar al-Haram. On the morning of the tenth, all depart[.] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VYAOAAAAQAAJ |isbn=0-8566-4681-4}}</ref> Lataknyo tapek di sabalah tenggara Mina, di jalua antaro Mina jo Arafah. Pado maso pra-Islam, kaum Hum nan tadiri dari Quraisy, Bani Kinanah, Bani Khuza'a, jo Bani 'Amir biaso bakamah di Muzdalifah jo manulak untuak pai ka Gunuang Arafah basamo urang-urang Arab lainnyo.<ref> {{Cite web |title=Sahih al-Bukhari 4520 - Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an (Tafseer of the Prophet (pbuh)) - كتاب التفسير - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4520 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> Jo datangnyo Isalm, kaum Hum ditagua ateh parilaku ko jo diparintahan untuak pai basamo urang Arab lainnyo sabagaimano disabuikan dalam Al-Qur'an 2:199. == Haji == Pasinggahan di Muzdalifah didahului dek sahari di Gunuang Arafah, nan diisi jo maaguangan Allah, maulang doa, jo bataubaik. Di Arafah, sumbayang Zuhur dan Ashar dikarajoan sacaro jamak dan qasar pado wakatu Zuhur. Sasudah matoari tabanam pado hari kasambilan bulan Dzulhijjah dalam kalender Hijriyah, para jama'ah manuju Muzdalifah, takadang tibo pado malam hari karano padeknyo jama'ah haji. Sasudah tibo di Muzdalifah, jama'ah kamudian sumbayang Magarik jo Isya sacaro jamak jo qasar di wakatu Isya. Di Muzdalifah, jama'ah mangumpuan kareke untuak palaksanaan mambae jumrah.<ref name="Burton1857">{{cite book |last=Burton |first=Richard Francis|author-link=Richard Francis Burton |title=Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXcOAAAAQAAJ |year=1857 |page=226 |quote=The word ''jamrah'' is applied to the place of stoning, as well as to the stones.}}</ref><ref name="Abu Da'ud and Ashraf, 1984">{{cite book |author=Abū Dā'ūd |title=Sunan Abu Dawud: Chapters 519-1337 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwvYAAAAMAAJ |year=1984 |publisher=Sh. M. Ashraf |isbn=978-9-6943-2097-7 |quote=1204. ''Jamrah'' originally means a pebble. It is applied to the heap of stones or a pillar.}}</ref><ref name="Hughes1885">{{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Thomas Patrick |author-link=Thomas Patrick Hughes |title=Dictionary of Islam |pages=225 |quote=Literally "gravel, or small pebbles." The three pillars{{nbsp}}[...] placed against a rough wall of stones [...] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C |date=1995 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |orig-year=1885 |isbn=978-81-206-0672-2}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} 3o6d7jh8z97drl3ur1afcpbriv01768 3346086 3346085 2026-04-25T06:38:43Z Rang Djambak 14874 +[[Kategori:Haji]]; +[[Kategori:Muzdalifah]] manggunoan [[Bantuan:HotCat|HotCat]] 3346086 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fajr in Muzdalifah.jpg|thumb]] Muzdalifah adolah daerah tabukak jo data di dakek Makah di wilayah Hijaz, Arab Saudi yang takaik jo Haji.<ref name="Long1979">{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |chapter=2: The Rites of the Hajj |pages=11–24 |year=1979 |publisher=SUNY Press |quote=With thousands of Hajjis, most of them in motor vehicles, rushing headlong for Muzdalifah{{nbsp}}[...] There is special grace for praying at the roofless mosque in Muzdalifah called al-Mash'ar al-Haram (the Sacred Grove) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC |isbn=0-8739-5382-7}}</ref><ref name="Danarto1989">{{cite book |author=Danarto |title=A Javanese pilgrim in Mecca |year=1989 |page=27 |publisher=Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University |quote=It was still dark when we arrived at Muzdalifah, four miles away. The Koran instructs us to spend the night at al-Mash'ar al-Haram. the Sacred Grove at Muzdalifah, as one of the conditions for the hajj. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/16885565?q&versionId=19820365 |isbn=0-8674-6939-0}}</ref><ref name="Jones2005">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Jones |first=Lindsay |title=Encyclopedia of religion |publisher=[[Macmillan Reference USA]] |page=7159 |volume=10 |year=2005 |quote=The Qur'an admonishes: "When you hurry from Arafat, remember God at the Sacred Grove (al-mash' ar al-haram)," that is, at Muzdalifah (2:198). Today a mosque marks the place in Muzdalifah where pilgrims gather to perform the special saldt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjQOAQAAMAAJ |isbn=0-0286-5743-8}}</ref><ref name="BadawiSardar1978">{{cite book |author1=Ziauddin Sardar |author-link=Ziauddin Sardar |author2=M. A. [[Zaki Badawi]] |title=Hajj Studies |publisher=[[Croom Helm]] for Hajj Research Centre; [[King Abdul Aziz University]] |location=[[Jeddah]] |page=32 |year=1978 |quote=Muzdalifah is an open plain sheltered by parched hills with sparse growth of thorn bushes. The pilgrims spend a night under the open sky of the roofless Mosque, the Sacred Grove, Al Mush'ar al-Haram. On the morning of the tenth, all depart[.] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VYAOAAAAQAAJ |isbn=0-8566-4681-4}}</ref> Lataknyo tapek di sabalah tenggara Mina, di jalua antaro Mina jo Arafah. Pado maso pra-Islam, kaum Hum nan tadiri dari Quraisy, Bani Kinanah, Bani Khuza'a, jo Bani 'Amir biaso bakamah di Muzdalifah jo manulak untuak pai ka Gunuang Arafah basamo urang-urang Arab lainnyo.<ref> {{Cite web |title=Sahih al-Bukhari 4520 - Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an (Tafseer of the Prophet (pbuh)) - كتاب التفسير - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4520 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> Jo datangnyo Isalm, kaum Hum ditagua ateh parilaku ko jo diparintahan untuak pai basamo urang Arab lainnyo sabagaimano disabuikan dalam Al-Qur'an 2:199. == Haji == Pasinggahan di Muzdalifah didahului dek sahari di Gunuang Arafah, nan diisi jo maaguangan Allah, maulang doa, jo bataubaik. Di Arafah, sumbayang Zuhur dan Ashar dikarajoan sacaro jamak dan qasar pado wakatu Zuhur. Sasudah matoari tabanam pado hari kasambilan bulan Dzulhijjah dalam kalender Hijriyah, para jama'ah manuju Muzdalifah, takadang tibo pado malam hari karano padeknyo jama'ah haji. Sasudah tibo di Muzdalifah, jama'ah kamudian sumbayang Magarik jo Isya sacaro jamak jo qasar di wakatu Isya. Di Muzdalifah, jama'ah mangumpuan kareke untuak palaksanaan mambae jumrah.<ref name="Burton1857">{{cite book |last=Burton |first=Richard Francis|author-link=Richard Francis Burton |title=Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXcOAAAAQAAJ |year=1857 |page=226 |quote=The word ''jamrah'' is applied to the place of stoning, as well as to the stones.}}</ref><ref name="Abu Da'ud and Ashraf, 1984">{{cite book |author=Abū Dā'ūd |title=Sunan Abu Dawud: Chapters 519-1337 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwvYAAAAMAAJ |year=1984 |publisher=Sh. M. Ashraf |isbn=978-9-6943-2097-7 |quote=1204. ''Jamrah'' originally means a pebble. It is applied to the heap of stones or a pillar.}}</ref><ref name="Hughes1885">{{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Thomas Patrick |author-link=Thomas Patrick Hughes |title=Dictionary of Islam |pages=225 |quote=Literally "gravel, or small pebbles." The three pillars{{nbsp}}[...] placed against a rough wall of stones [...] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C |date=1995 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |orig-year=1885 |isbn=978-81-206-0672-2}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Haji]] [[Kategori:Muzdalifah]] 56wuq0w5v2c3xmfmy6mnnt5mbgmogar 3346087 3346086 2026-04-25T06:40:49Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346087 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fajr in Muzdalifah.jpg|thumb]] '''Muzdalifah''' adolah daerah tabukak jo data di dakek [[Makah]] di wilayah [[Hijaz]], [[Arab Saudi]] yang takaik jo [[Haji]].<ref name="Long1979">{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |chapter=2: The Rites of the Hajj |pages=11–24 |year=1979 |publisher=SUNY Press |quote=With thousands of Hajjis, most of them in motor vehicles, rushing headlong for Muzdalifah{{nbsp}}[...] There is special grace for praying at the roofless mosque in Muzdalifah called al-Mash'ar al-Haram (the Sacred Grove) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC |isbn=0-8739-5382-7}}</ref><ref name="Danarto1989">{{cite book |author=Danarto |title=A Javanese pilgrim in Mecca |year=1989 |page=27 |publisher=Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University |quote=It was still dark when we arrived at Muzdalifah, four miles away. The Koran instructs us to spend the night at al-Mash'ar al-Haram. the Sacred Grove at Muzdalifah, as one of the conditions for the hajj. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/16885565?q&versionId=19820365 |isbn=0-8674-6939-0}}</ref><ref name="Jones2005">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Jones |first=Lindsay |title=Encyclopedia of religion |publisher=[[Macmillan Reference USA]] |page=7159 |volume=10 |year=2005 |quote=The Qur'an admonishes: "When you hurry from Arafat, remember God at the Sacred Grove (al-mash' ar al-haram)," that is, at Muzdalifah (2:198). Today a mosque marks the place in Muzdalifah where pilgrims gather to perform the special saldt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjQOAQAAMAAJ |isbn=0-0286-5743-8}}</ref><ref name="BadawiSardar1978">{{cite book |author1=Ziauddin Sardar |author-link=Ziauddin Sardar |author2=M. A. [[Zaki Badawi]] |title=Hajj Studies |publisher=[[Croom Helm]] for Hajj Research Centre; [[King Abdul Aziz University]] |location=[[Jeddah]] |page=32 |year=1978 |quote=Muzdalifah is an open plain sheltered by parched hills with sparse growth of thorn bushes. The pilgrims spend a night under the open sky of the roofless Mosque, the Sacred Grove, Al Mush'ar al-Haram. On the morning of the tenth, all depart[.] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VYAOAAAAQAAJ |isbn=0-8566-4681-4}}</ref> Lataknyo tapek di sabalah tenggara [[Mina, Arab Saudi|Mina]], di jalua antaro Mina jo [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]]. Pado maso pra-Islam, kaum Hum nan tadiri dari [[Bani Quraisy|Quraisy]], [[Bani Kinanah]], [[Bani Khuza'a]], jo [[Bani 'Amir]] biaso bakamah di Muzdalifah jo manulak untuak pai ka Gunuang Arafah basamo [[Urang Arab|urang-urang Arab]] lainnyo.<ref> {{Cite web |title=Sahih al-Bukhari 4520 - Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an (Tafseer of the Prophet (pbuh)) - كتاب التفسير - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4520 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> Jo datangnyo [[Islam]], kaum Hum ditagua ateh parilaku ko jo diparintahan untuak pai basamo urang Arab lainnyo sabagaimano disabuikan dalam [[Al-Qur'an]] 2:199. == Haji == Pasinggahan di Muzdalifah didahului dek sahari di Gunuang Arafah, nan diisi jo maaguangan Allah, maulang doa, jo bataubaik. Di Arafah, sumbayang Zuhur dan Ashar dikarajoan sacaro jamak dan qasar pado wakatu Zuhur. Sasudah matoari tabanam pado hari kasambilan bulan Dzulhijjah dalam kalender Hijriyah, para jama'ah manuju Muzdalifah, takadang tibo pado malam hari karano padeknyo jama'ah haji. Sasudah tibo di Muzdalifah, jama'ah kamudian sumbayang Magarik jo Isya sacaro jamak jo qasar di wakatu Isya. Di Muzdalifah, jama'ah mangumpuan kareke untuak palaksanaan mambae jumrah.<ref name="Burton1857">{{cite book |last=Burton |first=Richard Francis|author-link=Richard Francis Burton |title=Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXcOAAAAQAAJ |year=1857 |page=226 |quote=The word ''jamrah'' is applied to the place of stoning, as well as to the stones.}}</ref><ref name="Abu Da'ud and Ashraf, 1984">{{cite book |author=Abū Dā'ūd |title=Sunan Abu Dawud: Chapters 519-1337 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwvYAAAAMAAJ |year=1984 |publisher=Sh. M. Ashraf |isbn=978-9-6943-2097-7 |quote=1204. ''Jamrah'' originally means a pebble. It is applied to the heap of stones or a pillar.}}</ref><ref name="Hughes1885">{{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Thomas Patrick |author-link=Thomas Patrick Hughes |title=Dictionary of Islam |pages=225 |quote=Literally "gravel, or small pebbles." The three pillars{{nbsp}}[...] placed against a rough wall of stones [...] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C |date=1995 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |orig-year=1885 |isbn=978-81-206-0672-2}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Haji]] [[Kategori:Muzdalifah]] ivqdgnnx2gn18ra5dwn33v21ym7cxtb 3346088 3346087 2026-04-25T06:41:52Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fajr in Muzdalifah.jpg|thumb]] '''Muzdalifah''' adolah daerah tabukak jo data di dakek [[Makah]] di wilayah [[Hijaz]], [[Arab Saudi]] yang takaik jo [[Haji]].<ref name="Long1979">{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |chapter=2: The Rites of the Hajj |pages=11–24 |year=1979 |publisher=SUNY Press |quote=With thousands of Hajjis, most of them in motor vehicles, rushing headlong for Muzdalifah{{nbsp}}[...] There is special grace for praying at the roofless mosque in Muzdalifah called al-Mash'ar al-Haram (the Sacred Grove) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC |isbn=0-8739-5382-7}}</ref><ref name="Danarto1989">{{cite book |author=Danarto |title=A Javanese pilgrim in Mecca |year=1989 |page=27 |publisher=Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University |quote=It was still dark when we arrived at Muzdalifah, four miles away. The Koran instructs us to spend the night at al-Mash'ar al-Haram. the Sacred Grove at Muzdalifah, as one of the conditions for the hajj. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/16885565?q&versionId=19820365 |isbn=0-8674-6939-0}}</ref><ref name="Jones2005">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Jones |first=Lindsay |title=Encyclopedia of religion |publisher=[[Macmillan Reference USA]] |page=7159 |volume=10 |year=2005 |quote=The Qur'an admonishes: "When you hurry from Arafat, remember God at the Sacred Grove (al-mash' ar al-haram)," that is, at Muzdalifah (2:198). Today a mosque marks the place in Muzdalifah where pilgrims gather to perform the special saldt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjQOAQAAMAAJ |isbn=0-0286-5743-8}}</ref><ref name="BadawiSardar1978">{{cite book |author1=Ziauddin Sardar |author-link=Ziauddin Sardar |author2=M. A. [[Zaki Badawi]] |title=Hajj Studies |publisher=[[Croom Helm]] for Hajj Research Centre; [[King Abdul Aziz University]] |location=[[Jeddah]] |page=32 |year=1978 |quote=Muzdalifah is an open plain sheltered by parched hills with sparse growth of thorn bushes. The pilgrims spend a night under the open sky of the roofless Mosque, the Sacred Grove, Al Mush'ar al-Haram. On the morning of the tenth, all depart[.] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VYAOAAAAQAAJ |isbn=0-8566-4681-4}}</ref> Lataknyo tapek di sabalah tenggara [[Mina, Arab Saudi|Mina]], di jalua antaro Mina jo [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]]. Pado maso pra-Islam, kaum Hum nan tadiri dari [[Bani Quraisy|Quraisy]], [[Bani Kinanah]], [[Bani Khuza'a]], jo [[Bani 'Amir]] biaso bakamah di Muzdalifah jo manulak untuak pai ka Gunuang Arafah basamo [[Urang Arab|urang-urang Arab]] lainnyo.<ref> {{Cite web |title=Sahih al-Bukhari 4520 - Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an (Tafseer of the Prophet (pbuh)) - كتاب التفسير - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4520 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> Jo datangnyo [[Islam]], kaum Hum ditagua ateh parilaku ko jo diparintahan untuak pai basamo urang Arab lainnyo sabagaimano disabuikan dalam [[Al-Qur'an]] 2:199. == Haji == Pasinggahan di Muzdalifah didahului dek sahari di Gunuang Arafah, nan diisi jo maaguangan [[Allah]], maulang doa, jo bataubaik. Di Arafah, sumbayang Zuhur dan Ashar dikarajoan sacaro jamak dan qasar pado wakatu Zuhur. Sasudah matoari tabanam pado hari kasambilan bulan Dzulhijjah dalam [[kalender Hijriyah]], para jama'ah manuju Muzdalifah, takadang tibo pado malam hari karano padeknyo jama'ah haji. Sasudah tibo di Muzdalifah, jama'ah kamudian sumbayang Magarik jo Isya sacaro jamak jo qasar di wakatu Isya. Di Muzdalifah, jama'ah mangumpuan kareke untuak palaksanaan [[mambae jumrah]].<ref name="Burton1857">{{cite book |last=Burton |first=Richard Francis|author-link=Richard Francis Burton |title=Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXcOAAAAQAAJ |year=1857 |page=226 |quote=The word ''jamrah'' is applied to the place of stoning, as well as to the stones.}}</ref><ref name="Abu Da'ud and Ashraf, 1984">{{cite book |author=Abū Dā'ūd |title=Sunan Abu Dawud: Chapters 519-1337 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwvYAAAAMAAJ |year=1984 |publisher=Sh. M. Ashraf |isbn=978-9-6943-2097-7 |quote=1204. ''Jamrah'' originally means a pebble. It is applied to the heap of stones or a pillar.}}</ref><ref name="Hughes1885">{{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Thomas Patrick |author-link=Thomas Patrick Hughes |title=Dictionary of Islam |pages=225 |quote=Literally "gravel, or small pebbles." The three pillars{{nbsp}}[...] placed against a rough wall of stones [...] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C |date=1995 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |orig-year=1885 |isbn=978-81-206-0672-2}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Haji]] [[Kategori:Muzdalifah]] 8rl5rkhe2k3v2r2xldp3743ypuoyrsn Mambae jumrah 0 477690 3346089 2026-04-25T06:54:26Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "[[File: While tossing their pebbles, pilgrims recall a story of the Prophet Abraham. - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|300px|thumb|Surang jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Mambae Jumrah adolah bagian dari ibadah haji tahunan dalam Islam ka kota suci Makah di Arab Saudi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Burton|first=Richard Francis|author-link=Richard Francis Burton|title=Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, a..." 3346089 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: While tossing their pebbles, pilgrims recall a story of the Prophet Abraham. - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|300px|thumb|Surang jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Mambae Jumrah adolah bagian dari ibadah haji tahunan dalam Islam ka kota suci Makah di Arab Saudi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Burton|first=Richard Francis|author-link=Richard Francis Burton|title=Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts|url=https://archive.org/details/personalnarrati02burtgoog|year=1857|page=[https://archive.org/details/personalnarrati02burtgoog/page/n262 226]|quote=The word ''jamrah'' is applied to the place of stoning, as well as to the stones.|access-date=2016-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Abū Dāʼūd |title=Sunan Abu Dawud: Chapters 519-1337 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwvYAAAAMAAJ |year=1984 |publisher=Sh. M. Ashraf |isbn=9789694320977 |quote=1204. ''Jamrah'' originally means a pebble. It is applied to the heap of stones or a pillar. |access-date=2016-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409083218/https://books.google.com/books?id=SwvYAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=2017-04-09 |url-status=live |author-link=Abū Dāʼūd }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Hughes|first=Thomas Patrick|title=Dictionary of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C&pg=PA225|date=1995|orig-year=1885|isbn=978-81-206-0672-2|pages=225|publisher=Asian Educational Services |quote=Literally "gravel, or small pebbles." The three pillars [...] placed against a rough wall of stones [...]|access-date=2016-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508114409/https://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C|archive-date=2016-05-08|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam ritual ko, para jama'ah mambae kareke ka tigo dindiang (nan sabalumnyo barup tiang), nan disabuik jumarat, di kota Mina nan talatak di sabalah timur Makah. Ritual ko marupokan paragaan simbolis dari hajo Ibrahim, katiko inyo mambae tigo tiang nan malambangan setan, sarato godaan tahadap umaik manusia untuak indak manaati Allah. Pado Iduladha (hari ka-10 bulan Dzulhijjah), para jama'ah harus mambae jumrah gadang atau al-Jamrah al-ʿAqabah jo tujuah kareke. Sasudah tu, satiok jama'ah harus mangarek abuaknyo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hajjumrahplanner.com/day-3-10th-of-dhul-hijjah/|title=Day 3: 10th of Dhul Hijjah {{!}} Hajj & Umrah Planner|website=hajjumrahplanner.com|date=12 February 2017 |language=en-GB|access-date=2017-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407145347/http://hajjumrahplanner.com/day-3-10th-of-dhul-hijjah/|archive-date=2017-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref> Pado duo hari barikuiknyo, urang-urang tu harus mambae jumrah masiang-masiang tujuah kareke, dilakuan sacaro baurutan dari timur ke barat. Dek karano itu, saindaknyo diparaluan 21 kareke dalam ritual ko; jumlah batu nan labiah banyak diparaluan jikok mambae jumrah tu indak tapek sasaran. Kareke dipabuliahan jatuah ka dalam area nan alah ditantuan di sakitar tiang, jo indak paralu diulang salamo kareke tu jatuah di area nan samustinyo. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} 4r3nfy2e1707byvxpz54r0wwfjnjygt 3346090 3346089 2026-04-25T06:55:10Z Rang Djambak 14874 Mambuek [[Kategori:Haji]] manggunoan [[Bantuan:HotCat|HotCat]] 3346090 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: While tossing their pebbles, pilgrims recall a story of the Prophet Abraham. - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|300px|thumb|Surang jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Mambae Jumrah adolah bagian dari ibadah haji tahunan dalam Islam ka kota suci Makah di Arab Saudi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Burton|first=Richard Francis|author-link=Richard Francis Burton|title=Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts|url=https://archive.org/details/personalnarrati02burtgoog|year=1857|page=[https://archive.org/details/personalnarrati02burtgoog/page/n262 226]|quote=The word ''jamrah'' is applied to the place of stoning, as well as to the stones.|access-date=2016-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Abū Dāʼūd |title=Sunan Abu Dawud: Chapters 519-1337 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwvYAAAAMAAJ |year=1984 |publisher=Sh. M. Ashraf |isbn=9789694320977 |quote=1204. ''Jamrah'' originally means a pebble. It is applied to the heap of stones or a pillar. |access-date=2016-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409083218/https://books.google.com/books?id=SwvYAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=2017-04-09 |url-status=live |author-link=Abū Dāʼūd }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Hughes|first=Thomas Patrick|title=Dictionary of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C&pg=PA225|date=1995|orig-year=1885|isbn=978-81-206-0672-2|pages=225|publisher=Asian Educational Services |quote=Literally "gravel, or small pebbles." The three pillars [...] placed against a rough wall of stones [...]|access-date=2016-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508114409/https://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C|archive-date=2016-05-08|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam ritual ko, para jama'ah mambae kareke ka tigo dindiang (nan sabalumnyo barup tiang), nan disabuik jumarat, di kota Mina nan talatak di sabalah timur Makah. Ritual ko marupokan paragaan simbolis dari hajo Ibrahim, katiko inyo mambae tigo tiang nan malambangan setan, sarato godaan tahadap umaik manusia untuak indak manaati Allah. Pado Iduladha (hari ka-10 bulan Dzulhijjah), para jama'ah harus mambae jumrah gadang atau al-Jamrah al-ʿAqabah jo tujuah kareke. Sasudah tu, satiok jama'ah harus mangarek abuaknyo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hajjumrahplanner.com/day-3-10th-of-dhul-hijjah/|title=Day 3: 10th of Dhul Hijjah {{!}} Hajj & Umrah Planner|website=hajjumrahplanner.com|date=12 February 2017 |language=en-GB|access-date=2017-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407145347/http://hajjumrahplanner.com/day-3-10th-of-dhul-hijjah/|archive-date=2017-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref> Pado duo hari barikuiknyo, urang-urang tu harus mambae jumrah masiang-masiang tujuah kareke, dilakuan sacaro baurutan dari timur ke barat. Dek karano itu, saindaknyo diparaluan 21 kareke dalam ritual ko; jumlah batu nan labiah banyak diparaluan jikok mambae jumrah tu indak tapek sasaran. Kareke dipabuliahan jatuah ka dalam area nan alah ditantuan di sakitar tiang, jo indak paralu diulang salamo kareke tu jatuah di area nan samustinyo. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Haji]] 8m0bz0hbjlmh6c22zqu1u6n66sqf44d 3346091 3346090 2026-04-25T06:57:01Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346091 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: While tossing their pebbles, pilgrims recall a story of the Prophet Abraham. - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|300px|thumb|Surang jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] '''Mambae jumrah''' adolah bagian dari ibadah [[haji]] tahunan dalam [[Islam]] ka kota suci [[Makah]] di [[Arab Saudi]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Burton|first=Richard Francis|author-link=Richard Francis Burton|title=Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts|url=https://archive.org/details/personalnarrati02burtgoog|year=1857|page=[https://archive.org/details/personalnarrati02burtgoog/page/n262 226]|quote=The word ''jamrah'' is applied to the place of stoning, as well as to the stones.|access-date=2016-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Abū Dāʼūd |title=Sunan Abu Dawud: Chapters 519-1337 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwvYAAAAMAAJ |year=1984 |publisher=Sh. M. Ashraf |isbn=9789694320977 |quote=1204. ''Jamrah'' originally means a pebble. It is applied to the heap of stones or a pillar. |access-date=2016-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409083218/https://books.google.com/books?id=SwvYAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=2017-04-09 |url-status=live |author-link=Abū Dāʼūd }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Hughes|first=Thomas Patrick|title=Dictionary of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C&pg=PA225|date=1995|orig-year=1885|isbn=978-81-206-0672-2|pages=225|publisher=Asian Educational Services |quote=Literally "gravel, or small pebbles." The three pillars [...] placed against a rough wall of stones [...]|access-date=2016-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508114409/https://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C|archive-date=2016-05-08|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam ritual ko, para jama'ah mambae kareke ka tigo dindiang (nan sabalumnyo barupo tiang), nan disabuik jumarat, di kota [[Mina, Arab Saudi|Mina]] nan talatak di sabalah timur Makah. Ritual ko marupokan paragaan simbolis dari haji [[Ibrahim]], katiko inyo mambae tigo tiang nan malambangan [[setan]], sarato godaan tahadap umaik manusia untuak indak manaati [[Allah]]. Pado [[Iduladha]] (hari ka-10 bulan Dzulhijjah), para jama'ah harus mambae jumrah gadang atau ''al-Jamrah al-ʿAqabah'' jo tujuah kareke. Sasudah tu, satiok jama'ah harus mangarek abuaknyo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hajjumrahplanner.com/day-3-10th-of-dhul-hijjah/|title=Day 3: 10th of Dhul Hijjah {{!}} Hajj & Umrah Planner|website=hajjumrahplanner.com|date=12 February 2017 |language=en-GB|access-date=2017-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407145347/http://hajjumrahplanner.com/day-3-10th-of-dhul-hijjah/|archive-date=2017-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref> Pado duo hari barikuiknyo, urang-urang tu harus mambae jumrah masiang-masiang tujuah kareke, dilakuan sacaro baurutan dari timur ke barat. Dek karano itu, saindaknyo diparaluan 21 kareke dalam ritual ko; jumlah batu nan labiah banyak diparaluan jikok mambae jumrah tu indak tapek sasaran. Kareke dipabuliahan jatuah ka dalam area nan alah ditantuan di sakitar tiang, jo indak paralu diulang salamo kareke tu jatuah di area nan samustinyo. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Haji]] qva45lvfdcz4hy372g0ng65xs24exft Kurban (Islam) 0 477691 3346092 2026-04-25T07:09:12Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "[[File:A cow with ritual prayer slip on neck and about to be sacrificed, Qurban Kurbani at the Islamic festival of animal sacrifice.jpg|thumb|Pandabiahan jawi kurban di Nagari Sambilan, Malaysia.]] Kurban atau udhiyah (nan bararti binatang kurban) sabagaimano disabuik dalam hukum Islam, adolah pandabiahan binatang taranak pado wakatu Iduladha.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite Quran|5|27|style=ref}}</ref><ref>International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kitab Al-Adhiya (Boo..." 3346092 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A cow with ritual prayer slip on neck and about to be sacrificed, Qurban Kurbani at the Islamic festival of animal sacrifice.jpg|thumb|Pandabiahan jawi kurban di Nagari Sambilan, Malaysia.]] Kurban atau udhiyah (nan bararti binatang kurban) sabagaimano disabuik dalam hukum Islam, adolah pandabiahan binatang taranak pado wakatu Iduladha.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite Quran|5|27|style=ref}}</ref><ref>International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kitab Al-Adhiya (Book of Sacrifices) Translation of Sahih Muslim book 22, https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/hadith/muslim/022_smt.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326023000/https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/hadith/muslim/022_smt.html |date=2023-03-26 }} Accessed 9/28/21</ref> Konsep jo arati istilah ko baasa dari Al-Qur'an, kitab suci umaik Islam, jo marupokan padanan dari kurban dalam agamo Yahudi. Istilah jo konsep ko sarupo jo nan tadapek dalam agamo-agamo Abrahamik lainnyo; dalam tradisi Yahudi tadapek babarapo bantuak kurban, takah kurban shelamim (pasambahan padamaian) atau kurban olah (pasambahan nan dinaiakan, diaratian juo sabagai pasambahan nan di baka). Dagiang kurban dalam Islam dibagian sacaro marato ka kaum miskin, urang nan bakurban, sarato kaluarga dari urang nan bakurban.<ref name="azam">{{Cite web |author=Tabraze Azam |date=8 October 2012 |title=Do I have to give 1/3 of the Sacrificial (Udhiya) Meat away in Charity? |url=https://seekersguidance.org/answers/hanafi-fiqh/do-i-have-to-give-13-of-the-sacrificial-udhiya-meat-away-in-charity/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620132951/https://seekersguidance.org/answers/hanafi-fiqh/do-i-have-to-give-13-of-the-sacrificial-udhiya-meat-away-in-charity/ |archive-date=20 June 2024 |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=Seekers Guidance}} citing [[al-Hadiyya al-Ala’iyya]] of Ala al-Din Abidin</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Online Qurbani Donation |url=https://www.transparenthands.org/online-qurbani-donation/ |access-date=2026-04-21}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} swet8gjwpcwu5047c22y9a7sa67jq1f 3346093 3346092 2026-04-25T07:10:46Z Rang Djambak 14874 +[[Kategori:Kurban binatang]]; +[[Kategori:Hukum Islam]] manggunoan [[Bantuan:HotCat|HotCat]] 3346093 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A cow with ritual prayer slip on neck and about to be sacrificed, Qurban Kurbani at the Islamic festival of animal sacrifice.jpg|thumb|Pandabiahan jawi kurban di Nagari Sambilan, Malaysia.]] Kurban atau udhiyah (nan bararti binatang kurban) sabagaimano disabuik dalam hukum Islam, adolah pandabiahan binatang taranak pado wakatu Iduladha.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite Quran|5|27|style=ref}}</ref><ref>International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kitab Al-Adhiya (Book of Sacrifices) Translation of Sahih Muslim book 22, https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/hadith/muslim/022_smt.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326023000/https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/hadith/muslim/022_smt.html |date=2023-03-26 }} Accessed 9/28/21</ref> Konsep jo arati istilah ko baasa dari Al-Qur'an, kitab suci umaik Islam, jo marupokan padanan dari kurban dalam agamo Yahudi. Istilah jo konsep ko sarupo jo nan tadapek dalam agamo-agamo Abrahamik lainnyo; dalam tradisi Yahudi tadapek babarapo bantuak kurban, takah kurban shelamim (pasambahan padamaian) atau kurban olah (pasambahan nan dinaiakan, diaratian juo sabagai pasambahan nan di baka). Dagiang kurban dalam Islam dibagian sacaro marato ka kaum miskin, urang nan bakurban, sarato kaluarga dari urang nan bakurban.<ref name="azam">{{Cite web |author=Tabraze Azam |date=8 October 2012 |title=Do I have to give 1/3 of the Sacrificial (Udhiya) Meat away in Charity? |url=https://seekersguidance.org/answers/hanafi-fiqh/do-i-have-to-give-13-of-the-sacrificial-udhiya-meat-away-in-charity/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620132951/https://seekersguidance.org/answers/hanafi-fiqh/do-i-have-to-give-13-of-the-sacrificial-udhiya-meat-away-in-charity/ |archive-date=20 June 2024 |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=Seekers Guidance}} citing [[al-Hadiyya al-Ala’iyya]] of Ala al-Din Abidin</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Online Qurbani Donation |url=https://www.transparenthands.org/online-qurbani-donation/ |access-date=2026-04-21}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Kurban binatang]] [[Kategori:Hukum Islam]] sfu4jksz18z99bw2iq9xyocn6zo3lwo 3346094 3346093 2026-04-25T07:12:01Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346094 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A cow with ritual prayer slip on neck and about to be sacrificed, Qurban Kurbani at the Islamic festival of animal sacrifice.jpg|thumb|Pandabiahan jawi kurban di Nagari Sambilan, Malaysia.]] '''Kurban''' atau '''udhiyah''' (nan bararti binatang kurban) sabagaimano disabuik dalam [[Syarak|hukum Islam]], adolah pandabiahan binatang taranak pado wakatu [[Iduladha]].<ref name="auto2">{{Cite Quran|5|27|style=ref}}</ref><ref>International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kitab Al-Adhiya (Book of Sacrifices) Translation of Sahih Muslim book 22, https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/hadith/muslim/022_smt.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326023000/https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/hadith/muslim/022_smt.html |date=2023-03-26 }} Accessed 9/28/21</ref> Konsep jo arati istilah ko baasa dari [[Al-Qur'an]], kitab suci umaik [[Islam]], jo marupokan padanan dari kurban dalam [[agamo Yahudi]]. Istilah jo konsep ko sarupo jo nan tadapek dalam [[agamo-agamo Abrahamik]] lainnyo; dalam tradisi Yahudi tadapek babarapo bantuak kurban, takah kurban shelamim (pasambahan padamaian) atau kurban olah (pasambahan nan dinaiakan, diaratian juo sabagai pasambahan nan di baka). Dagiang kurban dalam Islam dibagian sacaro marato ka kaum miskin, urang nan bakurban, sarato kaluarga dari urang nan bakurban.<ref name="azam">{{Cite web |author=Tabraze Azam |date=8 October 2012 |title=Do I have to give 1/3 of the Sacrificial (Udhiya) Meat away in Charity? |url=https://seekersguidance.org/answers/hanafi-fiqh/do-i-have-to-give-13-of-the-sacrificial-udhiya-meat-away-in-charity/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620132951/https://seekersguidance.org/answers/hanafi-fiqh/do-i-have-to-give-13-of-the-sacrificial-udhiya-meat-away-in-charity/ |archive-date=20 June 2024 |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=Seekers Guidance}} citing [[al-Hadiyya al-Ala’iyya]] of Ala al-Din Abidin</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Online Qurbani Donation |url=https://www.transparenthands.org/online-qurbani-donation/ |access-date=2026-04-21}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Kurban binatang]] [[Kategori:Hukum Islam]] gotw6z8d2guh4sup1dgj2ptdfihid1i Templat:Cite Quran 10 477692 3346095 2026-04-25T07:13:46Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mengalihkan ke [[Templat:Cite quran]] 3346095 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Templat:Cite quran]] ic06jsrs0qyu0d59xzxrz80gx5gd8fp Iduladha 0 477693 3346099 2026-04-25T07:38:35Z Rang Djambak 14874 ←Mambuek laman baisi "[[File:Mahyeldi Khatib Idul Adha di Sijunjung.jpg|thumb|Sumbayang Iduladha di Sijunjuang.]] [[File:A man adds extra cuts to the lumps of meat ready for distribution after Idul Adha sacrifice.jpg|thumb|Pambagian dagiang kurban.]] Iduladha adolah salah ciek dari duo hari rayo utamo dalam Islam, basamo Idulfitri. Parayaan ko jatuah pado tanggal 10 Dzulhijjah, bulan kaduo baleh jo tarakhia dalam kalender Hijriyah.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Eid al-Adha {{!}} Meanin..." 3346099 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mahyeldi Khatib Idul Adha di Sijunjung.jpg|thumb|Sumbayang Iduladha di Sijunjuang.]] [[File:A man adds extra cuts to the lumps of meat ready for distribution after Idul Adha sacrifice.jpg|thumb|Pambagian dagiang kurban.]] Iduladha adolah salah ciek dari duo hari rayo utamo dalam Islam, basamo Idulfitri. Parayaan ko jatuah pado tanggal 10 Dzulhijjah, bulan kaduo baleh jo tarakhia dalam kalender Hijriyah.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Eid al-Adha {{!}} Meaning, Observances, & Traditions |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eid-al-Adha |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |date=11 March 2025}}</ref> Parayaan jo amalan biasonyo dilanjuikan hinggo tigo hari barikuiknyo, nan dikenal sabagai hari-hari Tasyrik. Iduladha, tagantuang pado nagara jo bahaso, disabuik juo sabagai Hari Rayo Gadang.<ref name="Metro2020-07-31-01a">{{cite web |last1=Haigh |first1=Phil |date=31 July 2020 |title=What is the story of Eid al-Adha and why is it referred to as Big Eid? |url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/08/21/why-eid-ul-adha-referred-big-eid-7865194/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923074640/https://metro.co.uk/2018/08/21/why-eid-ul-adha-referred-big-eid-7865194/ |archive-date=2020-09-23 |access-date=25 April 2021 |website=Metro |language=en |quote=Simply, Eid al-Adha is considered the holier of the two religious holidays and so it is referred to as 'Big Eid' while Eid al Fitr can be known as 'Lesser Eid'. Eid al-Kabir means 'Greater Eid' and is used in Yemen, Syria, and North Africa, while other translations of 'Large Eid' are used in Pashto, Kashmiri, Urdu and Hindi. This distinction is also known in the Arab world, but by calling 'Bari Eid' bari, this Eid is already disadvantaged. It is the 'other Eid'. 'Bari Eid', or Eid-ul-Azha, has the advantage of having two major rituals, as both have the prayer, but it alone has a sacrifice. 'Bari Eid' brings all Muslims together in celebrating Hajj, which is a reminder of the Abrahamic sacrifice, while 'Choti Eid' commemorates solely the end of the fasting of Ramazan.}}</ref> Takah halnyo Idulfitri, sumbayang Id dikarajoan pado pagi harinyo, sasudah tu dilakukan acara kurban atau pandabiahan binatang taranak. Dalam tradisi Islam, hari rayo ko mamparingeki kasadioan Ibrahim untuak mangorbanan anaknyo sabagai bantuak patuah pado parintah Allah. Bagantuang pado riwayaiknyo, nan disabuik adolah Ismail atau Ishak jo gala kahormatan “Sambaliahan Allah".<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O69zjVnjL10C&dq=Others+refer+to+either+Isaac+or+Ishmael+with+the+honorific+title+(+laqab+)+%22+Sacrifice+of+God+%22+attached+to+the+name.&pg=PA140 | title=Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis | isbn=978-0-7914-0331-0 | last1=Firestone | first1=Reuven | date=January 1990 | publisher=SUNY Press }}</ref> Para jama'ah nan manjalanan ibadah haji biasonyo malaksanaan tawaf jo sa'i pado hari Iduladha, sarato mambae jumrah pado hari ko jo hari-hari barikuiknyo. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} 5948006yvf5evslf5mowpewp5ax4yoo 3346100 3346099 2026-04-25T07:39:46Z Rang Djambak 14874 Mambuek [[Kategori:Hari Rayo (Islam)]] manggunoan [[Bantuan:HotCat|HotCat]] 3346100 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mahyeldi Khatib Idul Adha di Sijunjung.jpg|thumb|Sumbayang Iduladha di Sijunjuang.]] [[File:A man adds extra cuts to the lumps of meat ready for distribution after Idul Adha sacrifice.jpg|thumb|Pambagian dagiang kurban.]] Iduladha adolah salah ciek dari duo hari rayo utamo dalam Islam, basamo Idulfitri. Parayaan ko jatuah pado tanggal 10 Dzulhijjah, bulan kaduo baleh jo tarakhia dalam kalender Hijriyah.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Eid al-Adha {{!}} Meaning, Observances, & Traditions |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eid-al-Adha |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |date=11 March 2025}}</ref> Parayaan jo amalan biasonyo dilanjuikan hinggo tigo hari barikuiknyo, nan dikenal sabagai hari-hari Tasyrik. Iduladha, tagantuang pado nagara jo bahaso, disabuik juo sabagai Hari Rayo Gadang.<ref name="Metro2020-07-31-01a">{{cite web |last1=Haigh |first1=Phil |date=31 July 2020 |title=What is the story of Eid al-Adha and why is it referred to as Big Eid? |url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/08/21/why-eid-ul-adha-referred-big-eid-7865194/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923074640/https://metro.co.uk/2018/08/21/why-eid-ul-adha-referred-big-eid-7865194/ |archive-date=2020-09-23 |access-date=25 April 2021 |website=Metro |language=en |quote=Simply, Eid al-Adha is considered the holier of the two religious holidays and so it is referred to as 'Big Eid' while Eid al Fitr can be known as 'Lesser Eid'. Eid al-Kabir means 'Greater Eid' and is used in Yemen, Syria, and North Africa, while other translations of 'Large Eid' are used in Pashto, Kashmiri, Urdu and Hindi. This distinction is also known in the Arab world, but by calling 'Bari Eid' bari, this Eid is already disadvantaged. It is the 'other Eid'. 'Bari Eid', or Eid-ul-Azha, has the advantage of having two major rituals, as both have the prayer, but it alone has a sacrifice. 'Bari Eid' brings all Muslims together in celebrating Hajj, which is a reminder of the Abrahamic sacrifice, while 'Choti Eid' commemorates solely the end of the fasting of Ramazan.}}</ref> Takah halnyo Idulfitri, sumbayang Id dikarajoan pado pagi harinyo, sasudah tu dilakukan acara kurban atau pandabiahan binatang taranak. Dalam tradisi Islam, hari rayo ko mamparingeki kasadioan Ibrahim untuak mangorbanan anaknyo sabagai bantuak patuah pado parintah Allah. Bagantuang pado riwayaiknyo, nan disabuik adolah Ismail atau Ishak jo gala kahormatan “Sambaliahan Allah".<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O69zjVnjL10C&dq=Others+refer+to+either+Isaac+or+Ishmael+with+the+honorific+title+(+laqab+)+%22+Sacrifice+of+God+%22+attached+to+the+name.&pg=PA140 | title=Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis | isbn=978-0-7914-0331-0 | last1=Firestone | first1=Reuven | date=January 1990 | publisher=SUNY Press }}</ref> Para jama'ah nan manjalanan ibadah haji biasonyo malaksanaan tawaf jo sa'i pado hari Iduladha, sarato mambae jumrah pado hari ko jo hari-hari barikuiknyo. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Hari Rayo (Islam)]] 7suq47083zh0bvdfft9ut4j76xt3rtv 3346101 3346100 2026-04-25T07:42:22Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346101 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mahyeldi Khatib Idul Adha di Sijunjung.jpg|thumb|Sumbayang Iduladha di Sijunjuang.]] [[File:A man adds extra cuts to the lumps of meat ready for distribution after Idul Adha sacrifice.jpg|thumb|Pambagian dagiang kurban.]] '''Iduladha''' adolah salah ciek dari duo hari rayo utamo dalam [[Islam]], basamo [[Idul Fitri|Idulfitri]]. Parayaan ko jatuah pado tanggal 10 Dzulhijjah, bulan kaduo baleh jo tarakhia dalam [[kalender Hijriyah]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Eid al-Adha {{!}} Meaning, Observances, & Traditions |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eid-al-Adha |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |date=11 March 2025}}</ref> Parayaan jo amalan biasonyo dilanjuikan hinggo tigo hari barikuiknyo, nan dikenal sabagai hari-hari Tasyrik. Iduladha, tagantuang pado nagara jo bahaso, disabuik juo sabagai Hari Rayo Gadang.<ref name="Metro2020-07-31-01a">{{cite web |last1=Haigh |first1=Phil |date=31 July 2020 |title=What is the story of Eid al-Adha and why is it referred to as Big Eid? |url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/08/21/why-eid-ul-adha-referred-big-eid-7865194/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923074640/https://metro.co.uk/2018/08/21/why-eid-ul-adha-referred-big-eid-7865194/ |archive-date=2020-09-23 |access-date=25 April 2021 |website=Metro |language=en |quote=Simply, Eid al-Adha is considered the holier of the two religious holidays and so it is referred to as 'Big Eid' while Eid al Fitr can be known as 'Lesser Eid'. Eid al-Kabir means 'Greater Eid' and is used in Yemen, Syria, and North Africa, while other translations of 'Large Eid' are used in Pashto, Kashmiri, Urdu and Hindi. This distinction is also known in the Arab world, but by calling 'Bari Eid' bari, this Eid is already disadvantaged. It is the 'other Eid'. 'Bari Eid', or Eid-ul-Azha, has the advantage of having two major rituals, as both have the prayer, but it alone has a sacrifice. 'Bari Eid' brings all Muslims together in celebrating Hajj, which is a reminder of the Abrahamic sacrifice, while 'Choti Eid' commemorates solely the end of the fasting of Ramazan.}}</ref> Takah halnyo Idulfitri, [[sumbayang Id]] dikarajoan pado pagi harinyo, sasudah tu dilakukan acara [[Kurban (Islam)|kurban]] atau pandabiahan binatang taranak. Dalam tradisi Islam, hari rayo ko mamparingeki kasadioan [[Ibrahim]] untuak mangorbanan anaknyo sabagai bantuak patuah pado parintah [[Allah]]. Bagantuang pado riwayaiknyo, nan disabuik adolah [[Ismail]] atau [[Ishak]] jo gala kahormatan “Sambaliahan Allah".<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O69zjVnjL10C&dq=Others+refer+to+either+Isaac+or+Ishmael+with+the+honorific+title+(+laqab+)+%22+Sacrifice+of+God+%22+attached+to+the+name.&pg=PA140 | title=Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis | isbn=978-0-7914-0331-0 | last1=Firestone | first1=Reuven | date=January 1990 | publisher=SUNY Press }}</ref> Para jama'ah nan manjalanan ibadah [[haji]] biasonyo malaksanaan [[Ka'bah|tawaf]] jo [[Safa jo Marwa|sa'i]] pado hari Iduladha, sarato mambae jumrah pado hari ko jo hari-hari barikuiknyo. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Hari Rayo (Islam)]] ocrrrylvqwcchn0guq9g38usrsk0vxc 3346102 3346101 2026-04-25T07:42:43Z Rang Djambak 14874 3346102 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mahyeldi Khatib Idul Adha di Sijunjung.jpg|thumb|Sumbayang Iduladha di [[Sijunjung, Sijunjung|Sijunjuang]].]] [[File:A man adds extra cuts to the lumps of meat ready for distribution after Idul Adha sacrifice.jpg|thumb|Pambagian dagiang kurban.]] '''Iduladha''' adolah salah ciek dari duo hari rayo utamo dalam [[Islam]], basamo [[Idul Fitri|Idulfitri]]. Parayaan ko jatuah pado tanggal 10 Dzulhijjah, bulan kaduo baleh jo tarakhia dalam [[kalender Hijriyah]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Eid al-Adha {{!}} Meaning, Observances, & Traditions |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eid-al-Adha |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |date=11 March 2025}}</ref> Parayaan jo amalan biasonyo dilanjuikan hinggo tigo hari barikuiknyo, nan dikenal sabagai hari-hari Tasyrik. Iduladha, tagantuang pado nagara jo bahaso, disabuik juo sabagai Hari Rayo Gadang.<ref name="Metro2020-07-31-01a">{{cite web |last1=Haigh |first1=Phil |date=31 July 2020 |title=What is the story of Eid al-Adha and why is it referred to as Big Eid? |url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/08/21/why-eid-ul-adha-referred-big-eid-7865194/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923074640/https://metro.co.uk/2018/08/21/why-eid-ul-adha-referred-big-eid-7865194/ |archive-date=2020-09-23 |access-date=25 April 2021 |website=Metro |language=en |quote=Simply, Eid al-Adha is considered the holier of the two religious holidays and so it is referred to as 'Big Eid' while Eid al Fitr can be known as 'Lesser Eid'. Eid al-Kabir means 'Greater Eid' and is used in Yemen, Syria, and North Africa, while other translations of 'Large Eid' are used in Pashto, Kashmiri, Urdu and Hindi. This distinction is also known in the Arab world, but by calling 'Bari Eid' bari, this Eid is already disadvantaged. It is the 'other Eid'. 'Bari Eid', or Eid-ul-Azha, has the advantage of having two major rituals, as both have the prayer, but it alone has a sacrifice. 'Bari Eid' brings all Muslims together in celebrating Hajj, which is a reminder of the Abrahamic sacrifice, while 'Choti Eid' commemorates solely the end of the fasting of Ramazan.}}</ref> Takah halnyo Idulfitri, [[sumbayang Id]] dikarajoan pado pagi harinyo, sasudah tu dilakukan acara [[Kurban (Islam)|kurban]] atau pandabiahan binatang taranak. Dalam tradisi Islam, hari rayo ko mamparingeki kasadioan [[Ibrahim]] untuak mangorbanan anaknyo sabagai bantuak patuah pado parintah [[Allah]]. Bagantuang pado riwayaiknyo, nan disabuik adolah [[Ismail]] atau [[Ishak]] jo gala kahormatan “Sambaliahan Allah".<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O69zjVnjL10C&dq=Others+refer+to+either+Isaac+or+Ishmael+with+the+honorific+title+(+laqab+)+%22+Sacrifice+of+God+%22+attached+to+the+name.&pg=PA140 | title=Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis | isbn=978-0-7914-0331-0 | last1=Firestone | first1=Reuven | date=January 1990 | publisher=SUNY Press }}</ref> Para jama'ah nan manjalanan ibadah [[haji]] biasonyo malaksanaan [[Ka'bah|tawaf]] jo [[Safa jo Marwa|sa'i]] pado hari Iduladha, sarato mambae jumrah pado hari ko jo hari-hari barikuiknyo. == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Hari Rayo (Islam)]] qa4bhs3ygtf0iig10tffl0m1fmn9cob