Wikipedia miwiki https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hau_K%C4%81inga MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Reo Māori 0 585 167444 166538 2026-04-26T02:58:37Z Snnssiizsnakwiksznzhipps 22932 167444 wikitext text/x-wiki @id-||<((bhs::manyaa’!!~#%~|?.)).${{Infobox language | name = Reo Māori | nativename = alternate | pronunciation = {{IPA-mi|ˈmaːɔɾi|}}#croot!!ss | states = [[Aotearoa]] | region = [[Porinīhia]] | ethnicity = [[Māori]] | speakers = Koni ake, iti iho rānei 50,000 tāngata pūrongotia ka taea e rātou te kōrero i te reo pai, tino pai rānei. | date = 2015 | ref = <ref name="tereoMaori">{{cite web |title= Ngā puna kōrero: Where Māori speak te reo – infographic |url= https://www.stats.govt.nz/infographics/nga-puna-korero-where-maori-speak-te-reo-infographic |publisher= Statistics New Zealand |access-date= 2 September 2017 |archive-date= 17 February 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210217115758/https://www.stats.govt.nz/infographics/nga-puna-korero-where-maori-speak-te-reo-infographic |url-status= live }}</ref> | speakers2 = Koni ake, iti iho rānei 186,000 ngā tāngata pūrongotia kāhua mōhio o te reo. (2018)<ref name="2018 census">{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights-updated|title=2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights (updated)|publisher=Statistics New Zealand|date=30 April 2020|access-date=7 May 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124070359/https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights-updated|url-status=live}}</ref> | familycolor = Austronesian | fam2 = [[Ngā reo Marēo-Porinīhia|Whānau Marēo-Porinīhia]] | fam3 = [[Ngā reo Oheania|Whānau Oheania]] | fam4 = [[Ngā reo Porinīhia|Whānau Porinīhia]] | fam5 = [[Ngā reo Porinīhia-ki-te-Rāwhiti|Whānau Porinīhia-ki-te-Rāwhiti]] | fam6 = [[Ngā reo Tahiti|Whānau Tahiti]] | script = [[Tuhi Rātini]] ([[Arapū Māori]])<br />[[Tuhi matapō Māori]] | nation = {{flag|Aotearoa}} | agency = [[Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori]] | iso1 = mi | iso2b = mao | iso2t = mri | iso3 = mri | glotto = maor1246 | glottorefname = Maori | glottopedia = Maori | lingua = 39-CAQ-a | mapcaption = | ietf = mi-NZ | notice = IPA | map = File:Idioma maorí.PNG | mapcaption = Te tohatoha reo Māori ki roto o Aotearoa | map2 = Lang Status 80-VU.svg | mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Ko te reo Māori kua whakarōpūtia hei '''Whakaraerae''' e te [[UNESCO]] [[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]}}}} }} Ko te '''reo Māori''' te reo o te tangata whenua o [[alloman]]. Nā te ture anō i whakamana te reo Māori hei reo a te motu o Aotearoa. 160,000 ngā kaikōrero reo Māori i Aotearoa, e ai ki te tatauranga tangata o te motu i te tau 1996. Ko ngā takiwā kaha ki te mau i te reo hei reo hapori ko Te Tai-tokerau, ko Te Urewera, ko Te Tai-rāwhiti. == He reo o Porinīhiaeiue:ought($!! ( == Ko te reo Māori nō te reo whānau o ngā iwi o Porinīhia ki te rāwhiti, arā he reo ka ahu mai nō te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, me te aha, e ōrite ana te reo Māori ki te reo o Rarotonga, o Manihiki-Rakahanga, o Tahiti, ā, o ngā moutere Tuamotu anō hoki. He whanaunga āhua tawhiti anō ki te reo o Hawaii, o Nuku Hiva, o Rapa Nui me ētahi atu moutere o te Moana-nui-o-Kiwa. Ahakoa he nui atu i te kotahi mano tau i wehe mai i ērā o aua reo whanaunga, he tata tonu. I te taenga mai o [[Kāpene Kuki]] ki Aotearoa i te [[1769]], he rangatira nō Tahiti, ko Tupaea te ingoa, i runga i tana kaipuke. Ko te mahi a Tupaea, he kōrero tahi ki ngā Māori, i mārama rātou ki tana reo, kore rawa he raruraru; arā he kaiwhakamāori ia kia mōhio ai a Kuki ki ngā whakaaro o te Māori o taua wā. Mā te ripanga i raro iho nei e whakamārama ngā hononga i waenganui i ngā reo o Porinīhia: [[File:TahuhuNgatiAwa.jpg|left|frameless|upright]] <center> {| class="wikitable" | ! !Tonga !Niue !Hāmoa !Rapa Nui !Tahiti !Rarotonga !Māori !Hawaii |- |''rangi'' |{{IPA|/laŋi/}} |{{IPA|/laŋi/}} |{{IPA|/laŋi/}} |{{IPA|/ɾaŋi/}} |{{IPA|/ɾaʔi/}} |{{IPA|/ɾaŋi/}} |{{IPA|/ɾaŋi/}} |{{IPA|/lani/}} |- |''tokerau'' |{{IPA|/tokelau/}} |{{IPA|/tokelau/}} |{{IPA|/toʔelau/}} |{{IPA|/tokeɾau/}} |{{IPA|/toʔeɾau/}} |{{IPA|/tokeɾau/}} |{{IPA|/tokeɾau/}} |{{IPA|/koʔolau/}} |- |''wahine'' |{{IPA|/fefine/}} |{{IPA|/fifine/}} |{{IPA|/fafine/}} |{{IPA|/hahine/}} |{{IPA|/vahine/}} |{{IPA|/vaʔine/}} |{{IPA|/wahine/}} |{{IPA|/wahine/}} |- |''whare'' |{{IPA|/fale/}} |{{IPA|/fale/}} |{{IPA|/fale/}} |{{IPA|/haɾe/}} |{{IPA|/faɾe/}} |{{IPA|/ʔaɾe/}} |{{IPA|/ɸaɾe/}} |{{IPA|/hale/}} |- |''matua'' |{{IPA|/motuʔa/}} |{{IPA|/motua/}} |{{IPA|/matua/}} |{{IPA|/matuʔa/}} |{{IPA|/metua/}} |{{IPA|/metua/}} |{{IPA|/matua/}} |{{IPA|/makua/}} |} </center> == He reo tapu, he reo whai mana == Ki tō te Māori whakaaro, ko te reo Māori he reo tapu, he reo tuku iho nā ngā atua ki ngā tūpuna. "He mana tō te reo, he ihi tō te reo, he tapu tō te reo. He wairua tō te reo, he mauri anō tō te reo. Mā te wairua ka rangona te reo, mā te mauri ka mana ai te reo. I kī mai ngā tūpuna, ko te reo rauriki te reo tapu o Ranginui rātou ko ngā atua; ko te reo reiuru e kōrerotia ake nei ko te reo tapu o [[Papatūānuku]]. Nā, ko te reo rauriki te reo hei kawe i te manawa tapu o ngā karakia, ā, ka whakauru atu ki roto i te tangata, kia pērā anō te mana o tana kupu i tō ngā atua ki tā rātou i whakahau mai ai i te rangi. Ko te reo reiuru, ko tōna kōrero ko te reo e taea ai e te tangata te kōrero, te mātau rānei ki ngā momo reo kē o Papatūānuku, arā te reo o ngā manu, o ngā ika, o ngā kararehe, o ngā rākau, o ngā uri katoa o Papatūānuku. Kia nei te reo wāhine hei whakaoho ake i te hunga wairua i runga anō i te tangi karanga ka whakapāoho ki runga i ngā marae. E kore e taea e te tangata te mau ki ēnei reo, mena kāhore noa e tapu pono ki ngā atua, ko te mea nui ko te reo tapu me ngā karakia tapu. Mā te reo ka manaakitia te tangata, ko taua reo anō ka kanga i te tangata; mā te reo ka piki te tangata ki ngā taumata whakahirahira, ko taua reo anō ka heke te tangata ki te pito kukume tonu o [[Whirotetupua]]. Nō reira, ko te reo tapu he tohu mana nō te tangata, he mana tūturu nō te atua, e kore e whakapōreareatia e te tangata kē" (Barlow 1991:112). == Reo-ā-iwi == He rerekē te tangi me te mita o te reo o ia iwi, o ia iwi, o ia iwi; hei tauira, he rerekē te tangi mai o te reo o [[Waikato]] ki tērā o [[Te Wai-pounamu]]. Nā Te Manihera (R. Maunsell), te ātirīkona o Tāmaki Makaurau, i kōrerohia ngā reo-ā-iwi i roto i te tuawhā o ngā putanga o tana pukapuka ''Grammar of the New Zealand Language'' i te 1894. E ai ki Te Manihera, e whitu ngā reo-ā-iwi nō roto tonu i Te Ika-a-Māui. Nāna hoki te kōrero, he rerekētanga anō i roto tonu o aua reo e whitu. Mai i taua wā, nā ētahi atu tohunga wetereo e whakarerekēngia ai aua whakaaro; engari mā te ripanga nei e whakaatu ētahi o aua rerekētanga: {|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" |- !Ngā Puhi !Waikato !Waipounamu !Whanganui !Rotorua !Tai-rāwhiti |- |karani papa |matua keke |poua |koro |koroua |morehu koroua |- |karani mama |koka |taua |kui |kuia |morehu kuia |- |matikara |matimati |kaokao |matimati |matimati |matikao |- |hangai |whangai |whakai |wangai |whangai |whangai |- |manuhiri |manuwhiri |wihita |manuwiri |manuhiri |manuhiri |- |kahore |kao |kao |kaore |kaore |kare |- |e pehea ana koe |e pewhea ana koe |kei te pehea koe |kei te pe'ea koe |kai te aha koe |kei te pehea koe |- |hakarongo |whakarongo |whakaroko |w'akarongo |whakarongo |whakarono |} == Waimemehatanga == Nō ngā tau whakatuwhera o te [[Rautau 19]], ka tīmata te noho tahi a te Pākehā ki te Māori i Aotearoa nei. Nō te tau 1815, ka puta te pukapuka tuatahi i tāia ki te reo, ''He Korao o Niu Tireni'' nā Tāmati Kānara. Ko te whakamārama o te taitara o taua pukapuka, 'He kōrero o Aotearoa'. Nō muri ake, ka tāia e Koroneho, e Wiremu he pukapuka i roto i te reo. Ko tētahi pukapuka whaimana i tāia i taua wā ko te ''Paipera Tapu''. He kaha hoki te Māori ki te tuhituhi kōrero i te reo. Ka taea hoki te kī, i taua wā, he pai ake ngā Māori i ngā Pākēhā ki te tuhituhi. Ko te mea whakahinapōuri kē ki te ngākau Māori, ka tahuri ngā Pākehā ki te hāpai i te mana o tō rātou ake reo. Nō te tau 1867, i kī te ture mō ngā kura Māori, kia akongia ki te reo Ingarihi i ngā kura, kia kaua ngā tamariki e kōrero i te Reo i roto i ngā kura. Ka tīmata i konei te waimemehatanga o te reo rangatira, nā te mea ki te kōrero Māori ngā tamariki i roto i ngā kura ka patua e ngā kaiako Pākehā. He raruraru nui tērā. Koia rā i mataku ai rātou ki te kōrero i te reo, ka tahuri kē ki te reo Pākehā. "Ka mōhio mai tātou, ki te kore e kōrero i te reo i roto i ngā tū āhua mahi katoa a te iwi, ia rā, ia rā, ka hohoro te ngaro, ka mate hoki te reo. Ko te mea tika me kōrero tonu te reo i ngā wā katoa, i roto i ngā karakia, i ngā wāhi mahi, i ngā toa hokohoko, i ngā wheketere, i ngā wāhi tākaro, i ngā kura; nō reira, mā ēnei whakaritenga ka tupu kaha te reo - kia kaua e ngaro. Nā reira, itiiti noa iho ngā wāhi kōrero i te reo Māori; ki ngā marae, me ētahi kura, hāhi, me ngā kohanga reo... Ahakoa, e kaha ana te Māori ki te whakamana i te reo hei reo tūturu mō ngā tāngata o tō tātou motu. E kore pea e taea kia noho ia hei reo mō ētahi taikanga motuhake i roto i te iwi, pēnei i te reo mihi i runga i ngā marae, hei reo kōrero hoki mō ētahi o ngā whānau. Ko te tumanako kia hāpaitia tonutia te reo kia kore e ngaro, engari kia pūāwai i runga i ngā tikanga o te [[Tiriti o Waitangi]], kia whakapuare huarahi kia noho pūmau tonu te reo hei taonga whakahirahira mō ake tonu atu" (Barlow 1991:113). I whakatūhia Te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi i te marama o Whiringa-a-nuku, 1975. I puta te rangahau mō te āhuatanga o te reo Māori 1973-78 a te Kaunihera Rangahau Mātauranga o Aotearoa (NZCER) e kī ana 18-20 ōrau anake o te iwi Māori e matatau ana ki te kōrero i te reo Māori, ā, i kī anō hoki kei te noho tino mōrearea te reo Māori. I te tau 1986 i rongohia e te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi te kereme mō Te Reo Māori. Nā tēnei i tū ai [[Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori]] i te tau 1987. Nā te mahi rangahau a te motu 1995, e pā ana ki te āhua o te reo, i whakapūmau ngā kitenga a tērā o ngā rangahau ki mua, me te tohu mai ahakoa e kōrerotia ana te reo Māori e te 59 ōrau o ngā pakeke Māori, e kitea ana ko te tokomaha (83 ōrau) o rātou he paku noa iho te matau mō te kōrero, ko ētahi kāre i paku kōrero i te reo Māori. E 8 ōrau anake o ngā pakeke Māori e tino matatau ana ki te reo Māori, ā, 33 ōrau o rātou, 60 tau te pakeke - neke atu rānei. == Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori == I te tau 1986, i mauria atu he kerēme ki te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi, ko te kerēme mō te reo Māori. Kātahi te ture mo te Reo Māori ka pahure hei Reo atoato i Aotearoa. I taua wā tonu, ka tū Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori hei Tari Kawana hei whanaketanga hei tautoko hoki i te Reo, i runga i te whakaaro i tukuna kētia te kerēme mo Te Reo Māori ki te Rōpū Whakamana. Ka whakamanahia-ā-ture te [[Ture Reo Māori 1987|Ture Reo Māori]] i te Here-turi-kōkā o 1987. E toru ōna kaupapa: * Ka whakapuaki i te reo Māori hei reo mana-ā-ture mō te motu nei o Aotearoa. * Kei ngā kōti, kei ngā Kōmihana uiui me ngā Taraipiunara, e whakatau ake ana tēnei ture i te whakaae kia kōrero Māori i te kōti ahakoa mema kōti rānei, ko wai ake rānei o te kōti, kaituku kōrero, kaiāwhina rānei. * Ka tū rā hoki i a ia [[Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori]]. Ko tā Te Taura Whiri he whakatairanga i te reo Māori me ngā kaupapa reo; he hikihiki taumata mō te tuhituhi me te kōrero i te reo, arā mā te ara rūmaki, mā te whakamātautau reo, mā te niureta ia toru marama e kīa nei He Muka, ā, me ngā kōrero tautoko mai anō hoki a te hunga mahi kāwanatanga; he whakamana-ā-ture i ngā whakamātautau o te hunga e whai nei i te mahi whakamāori-ā-tuhi, ā-waha rānei; he rangahau huarahi e whakatairangatia ai, e hāpai tonutia ai te ahu whakamua o te reo; te hanga papa kupu. Kia ono anō ngā hui o Te Taura Whiri i ia tau. He tumuākī tō te hunga mahi, ka mutu ko ngā mahi he rangahau, he ārahi ture, he whakahoki tirohanga i ngā mahi whakamāori, he whakatairanga, me ērā atu mahi e homai e ngā Kaiwhiri. Whakapā mai i konei ka whiti rānei ki te wāhi whakahoki kōrero hei tuku kōrero mai rā. == Te Wiki o te Reo Māori == Ko [[Te Wiki o te Reo Māori]] he kaupapa o [[Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori]] kia whakatairangatia te whakamahia o te reo MāoriI tīmata te Wiki o te Reo Māori i te tau 1975. I te tīmatanga i whakatūhia he rā hei whakanui i te reo Māori. Ko te 14 o Mahuru 1972 te rā i whakatakotohia ki mua o te aroaro o te Pāremata te petihana mō te Reo Māori e mau ana i ngā waitohu 30,000. Nō te tau 1973 ka huri te rā hei wiki whakanui i te reo. I muri mai i tēnei ka nekehia e te Tāhuhu Mātauranga ki te marama o Hōngongoi kia hāngai ki te wāhanga kura o taua tau, ā, kei te mau tonu ki taua marama. == Kīwaha == [[File:Kereru maunga.jpg|right|thumb|Ki ētahi iwi, he [[kererū]] te manu nei; ki ētahi atu, he kūkupa kē. Koia rā te āhua o te reo: ki ia iwi, ki ia iwi, ōna ake tikanga kōrero, ōna ake kīwaha.]]Ko ngā kīwaha he momo kōrero e whakaahua ana i ngā āhuatanga o ia rā, o ia rā, ā, me uaua ka kitea te tikanga tūturu i te papakupu, i te pukapuka wetereo rānei. Ki te whāia he tikanga ake o tēnā, o tēnā kupu, kāore tonu e kitea he māramatanga, i te mea kei tua kē te aronga o te kōrero. Nā Te Taura Whiri i Te Reo ēnei whakamārama: * '''Autaia (tonu)''' - whakamahia ai tēnei kupu hei whakaatu i te pai (autaia), i te āhua pai rānei (autaia tonu) o tētahi mea. Tērā pea e hāngai ana ki te tangata (autaia koe), ki te mahi rānei a te tangata, ki tētahi atu āhuatanga rānei. * '''E kī (rā)''' - e tohu ana tēnei i te mīharo, i te ohorere rānei o te kaikōrero ki tētahi tūāhua kātahi anō ka whakaaturia mai ki a ia. * '''Engari mō tēnā''' - ki te rongo koe i tēnei kōrero, kua mōhio koe e tino whakahē ana te kaikōrero i te whakaaro kātahi anō ka whakapuakina e tētahi atu. * '''Engari tonu''' - he momo whakamihi tēnei i te tangata, i tāna mahi, i tētahi kaupapa rānei, ā, e āhua whakaatu ana anō hoki i te mīharo o te kaikōrero ki tētahi tūāhua. Arā te kīwaha e āhau rite ana ki tēnei, ko te 'koia kei a koe'. Engari he wā anō tōna e whakahē ana i te kōrero a tētahi atu mēnā he rerenga whakakāhore taua kōrero, he wā anō e whakaū ana, e whakaae ana ki te kōrero a tētahi atu mēnā ehara i te rerenga whakakāhore. I ōna wā anō e tohu ana tēnei kīwaha i mōhio tonu te kaikōrero ka puta tētahi āhuatanga. * '''He aha hoki!''' - whakamahia ai tēnei kīwaha hei whakautu i tētahi atu kōrero, ā, he momo whakakāhore i taua kōrero rā i runga i te wairua whakaiti, whakatakē, whakangahau rānei. Tērā pea e hāngai ana ki te tangata nāna tonu te kōrero, tērā rānei e hāngai ana ki tētahi atu. * '''He aha te aha''' - ka noho mai tēnei kīwaha ki te wāhanga whakamutunga o tētahi rerenga. E tohu ana i te kore whaihua, i te moumou taima noa iho rānei o tētahi āhuatanga e whakaahuatia ana i te wāhanga tuatahi o te kōrero. * '''Hei aha (noa iho)''' - ko tētahi tikanga o tēnei kīwaha, ko te 'kāore he take o te māharahara', pērā tonu i te 'aua atu'. Ko tētahi atu tikanga o te 'hei aha noa iho' e whakaatu ana i te whakapono o te kaikōrero kāore he take o te whai i tētahi mahi, i tētahi āhuatanga rānei. * '''Ka wani kē''' - he whakamihi tēnei i te tangata mō tana mātau, mō tana tohungatanga rānei ki tētahi mea. * '''Kei a koe mō te...''' - he whakanui tēnei i te pai o te tangata ki te mahi i tētahi mahi. I ētahi wā, he āhua whakahē tēnei i te tangata mō tētahi āhua ōna e hapa ana, ki tā te kaikōrero titiro. * '''Kei a koe te tikanga''' - e tohu ana tēnei kei a wai te mana whakatau i tētahi take, pērā i te whakatau a te tangata ki tēnā, ki tēnā o ngā rārangi pōti e rua o Aotearoa nei. * '''Kei runga noa atu koe''' - he momo whakanui tēnei i te tangata, mōna i mahi i tētahi mahi pai. Me uaua ka rangona e whakamahia ana e te tangata mōna anō, engari arā pea ētahi wā ruarua ka taea. He wā anō ka taea te whakamahi hei whakaahua i te pai o tētahi atu mea, pērā i tētahi kaupapa. * '''Koia kei (a koe)''' - ko tā tēnei kīwaha, he whakaatu tahi i te tautoko me te āhua mīharo o te kaikōrero ki te whakaaro, ki te mahi rānei a tētahi atu. Engari i tōna wā anō, ko tā tēnei kīwaha he whakahē i te kōrero, i te mahi rānei a tētahi tangata, me te tohu anō hoki he wā ka taka, ka kai taua tangata i ana hamuti, arā, ka hoki mai ngā hua kino o tāna mahi ki runga ki a ia. * '''Koia (rā/pū)''' - ko tā tēnei kīwaha e tohu ana, kei te tautoko, kei te whakaae rānei te kaikōrero ki te whakaaro kātahi anō ka whakapuakina e tētahi atu. * '''(Ka/he/te) tau kē (hoki)!''' - he whakamihi anō tēnei i te pai o te tangata, o tētahi mahi, o tētahi atu āhuatanga rānei. Mehemea ko te 'tau' te kupu tuatahi, me mātua noho mai te kupu 'kē' hei hoa mōna. I ētahi atu whakamahinga, kei a koe te tikanga ina raua atu te 'kē', kāore rānei. * '''Mai anō''' - e tohu ana tēnei i te kaha roa o te wā e mau ana tētahi āhuatanga, e mahia ana tētahi mahi. * '''Piki, heke''' - ko tētahi tikanga o tēnei kīwaha, ko te 'kāore he take o te māharahara'; ko tā te tangata mahi mai rā anō, he kimi huarahi māna e tutuki ana tino kaupapa arā noa iho ngā āhuatanga o te wā. * '''Te mutunga (kē) mai (nei) o te ...''' - whakamahia ai tēnei kōrero hei whakakaha ake i tētahi whakaaro, tae atu ki ngā whakaaro whakamihi i te tangata, i tētahi atu āhuatanga rānei, pērā i 'te mutunga mai o te pai'. == Tirohia hoki == * [[Kuki Airani]] * [[Takuu]] == Hoto ki waho == * [http://www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz/ Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070128213004/http://www.learningmedia.co.nz/nz/online/ngata/ Te Papakupu a Ngata] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051028180756/http://www.nzmaths.co.nz/maori/dictionary/ Te Reo Pāngarau] * [http://www.maorilanguage.net/ Māori Language.net] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060203040206/http://www.nzreo.org.nz/ NZ Reo, NZ Pride] * [http://www.nzdl.org/niupepa Ngā Nūpepa Māori] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090411122652/http://www.korero.maori.nz/forspeakers/patakakupu He Pātaka Kupu : te kai a te rangatira] == Tohutoro == {{reflist}} == Ngā tohutoro == * C. Barlow, ''Tikanga Whakaaro''. Tāmaki-makau-rau, Oxford, 1991. * M. Bartlett, 'Tūkaha Te Reo Māori!'. ''Salient'', 24 Hōngongoi 2006. URL:[https://web.archive.org/web/20061007225556/http://www.salient.org.nz/features/tukaha-te-reo-maori/]. * B.G. Biggs, ''Let's Learn Māori''. Tāmaki-makau-rau, Uniprint, 1996. * R. Maunsell, ''Grammar of the New Zealand Language.'' Putanga tuawhā. Tāmaki-makau-rau, 1894. * Te Taura Whiri i Te Reo Māori, ''He Kohinga Kīwaha''. Putanga tuarua. Tāmaki-makau-rau:Reed, 2005. [[Category:Reo-ā-kaimahi]] [[Category:Reo Māori]] [[Category:Aotearoa]] [[Category:Tuhipānui pai]] rpx7s2al45j7muoo9b40lg0nqcfiv6c 167446 167444 2026-04-26T04:07:05Z TautauKarepe 22930 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/167444|167444]] by [[Special:Contributions/Snnssiizsnakwiksznzhipps|Snnssiizsnakwiksznzhipps]] ([[User talk:Snnssiizsnakwiksznzhipps|talk]]) 167446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Reo Māori | nativename = | pronunciation = {{IPA-mi|ˈmaːɔɾi|}} | states = [[Aotearoa]] | region = [[Porinīhia]] | ethnicity = [[Māori]] | speakers = Koni ake, iti iho rānei 50,000 tāngata pūrongotia ka taea e rātou te kōrero i te reo pai, tino pai rānei. | date = 2015 | ref = <ref name="tereoMaori">{{cite web |title= Ngā puna kōrero: Where Māori speak te reo – infographic |url= https://www.stats.govt.nz/infographics/nga-puna-korero-where-maori-speak-te-reo-infographic |publisher= Statistics New Zealand |access-date= 2 September 2017 |archive-date= 17 February 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210217115758/https://www.stats.govt.nz/infographics/nga-puna-korero-where-maori-speak-te-reo-infographic |url-status= live }}</ref> | speakers2 = Koni ake, iti iho rānei 186,000 ngā tāngata pūrongotia kāhua mōhio o te reo. (2018)<ref name="2018 census">{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights-updated|title=2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights (updated)|publisher=Statistics New Zealand|date=30 April 2020|access-date=7 May 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124070359/https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights-updated|url-status=live}}</ref> | familycolor = Austronesian | fam2 = [[Ngā reo Marēo-Porinīhia|Whānau Marēo-Porinīhia]] | fam3 = [[Ngā reo Oheania|Whānau Oheania]] | fam4 = [[Ngā reo Porinīhia|Whānau Porinīhia]] | fam5 = [[Ngā reo Porinīhia-ki-te-Rāwhiti|Whānau Porinīhia-ki-te-Rāwhiti]] | fam6 = [[Ngā reo Tahiti|Whānau Tahiti]] | script = [[Tuhi Rātini]] ([[Arapū Māori]])<br />[[Tuhi matapō Māori]] | nation = {{flag|Aotearoa}} | agency = [[Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori]] | iso1 = mi | iso2b = mao | iso2t = mri | iso3 = mri | glotto = maor1246 | glottorefname = Maori | glottopedia = Maori | lingua = 39-CAQ-a | mapcaption = | ietf = mi-NZ | notice = IPA | map = File:Idioma maorí.PNG | mapcaption = Te tohatoha reo Māori ki roto o Aotearoa | map2 = Lang Status 80-VU.svg | mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Ko te reo Māori kua whakarōpūtia hei '''Whakaraerae''' e te [[UNESCO]] [[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]}}}} }} Ko te '''reo Māori''' te reo o te tangata whenua o [[Aotearoa]]. Nā te ture anō i whakamana te reo Māori hei reo a te motu o Aotearoa. 160,000 ngā kaikōrero reo Māori i Aotearoa, e ai ki te tatauranga tangata o te motu i te tau 1996. Ko ngā takiwā kaha ki te mau i te reo hei reo hapori ko Te Tai-tokerau, ko Te Urewera, ko Te Tai-rāwhiti. == He reo o Porinīhia == Ko te reo Māori nō te reo whānau o ngā iwi o Porinīhia ki te rāwhiti, arā he reo ka ahu mai nō te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, me te aha, e ōrite ana te reo Māori ki te reo o Rarotonga, o Manihiki-Rakahanga, o Tahiti, ā, o ngā moutere Tuamotu anō hoki. He whanaunga āhua tawhiti anō ki te reo o Hawaii, o Nuku Hiva, o Rapa Nui me ētahi atu moutere o te Moana-nui-o-Kiwa. Ahakoa he nui atu i te kotahi mano tau i wehe mai i ērā o aua reo whanaunga, he tata tonu. I te taenga mai o [[Kāpene Kuki]] ki Aotearoa i te [[1769]], he rangatira nō Tahiti, ko Tupaea te ingoa, i runga i tana kaipuke. Ko te mahi a Tupaea, he kōrero tahi ki ngā Māori, i mārama rātou ki tana reo, kore rawa he raruraru; arā he kaiwhakamāori ia kia mōhio ai a Kuki ki ngā whakaaro o te Māori o taua wā. Mā te ripanga i raro iho nei e whakamārama ngā hononga i waenganui i ngā reo o Porinīhia: [[File:TahuhuNgatiAwa.jpg|left|frameless|upright]] <center> {| class="wikitable" | ! !Tonga !Niue !Hāmoa !Rapa Nui !Tahiti !Rarotonga !Māori !Hawaii |- |''rangi'' |{{IPA|/laŋi/}} |{{IPA|/laŋi/}} |{{IPA|/laŋi/}} |{{IPA|/ɾaŋi/}} |{{IPA|/ɾaʔi/}} |{{IPA|/ɾaŋi/}} |{{IPA|/ɾaŋi/}} |{{IPA|/lani/}} |- |''tokerau'' |{{IPA|/tokelau/}} |{{IPA|/tokelau/}} |{{IPA|/toʔelau/}} |{{IPA|/tokeɾau/}} |{{IPA|/toʔeɾau/}} |{{IPA|/tokeɾau/}} |{{IPA|/tokeɾau/}} |{{IPA|/koʔolau/}} |- |''wahine'' |{{IPA|/fefine/}} |{{IPA|/fifine/}} |{{IPA|/fafine/}} |{{IPA|/hahine/}} |{{IPA|/vahine/}} |{{IPA|/vaʔine/}} |{{IPA|/wahine/}} |{{IPA|/wahine/}} |- |''whare'' |{{IPA|/fale/}} |{{IPA|/fale/}} |{{IPA|/fale/}} |{{IPA|/haɾe/}} |{{IPA|/faɾe/}} |{{IPA|/ʔaɾe/}} |{{IPA|/ɸaɾe/}} |{{IPA|/hale/}} |- |''matua'' |{{IPA|/motuʔa/}} |{{IPA|/motua/}} |{{IPA|/matua/}} |{{IPA|/matuʔa/}} |{{IPA|/metua/}} |{{IPA|/metua/}} |{{IPA|/matua/}} |{{IPA|/makua/}} |} </center> == He reo tapu, he reo whai mana == Ki tō te Māori whakaaro, ko te reo Māori he reo tapu, he reo tuku iho nā ngā atua ki ngā tūpuna. "He mana tō te reo, he ihi tō te reo, he tapu tō te reo. He wairua tō te reo, he mauri anō tō te reo. Mā te wairua ka rangona te reo, mā te mauri ka mana ai te reo. I kī mai ngā tūpuna, ko te reo rauriki te reo tapu o Ranginui rātou ko ngā atua; ko te reo reiuru e kōrerotia ake nei ko te reo tapu o [[Papatūānuku]]. Nā, ko te reo rauriki te reo hei kawe i te manawa tapu o ngā karakia, ā, ka whakauru atu ki roto i te tangata, kia pērā anō te mana o tana kupu i tō ngā atua ki tā rātou i whakahau mai ai i te rangi. Ko te reo reiuru, ko tōna kōrero ko te reo e taea ai e te tangata te kōrero, te mātau rānei ki ngā momo reo kē o Papatūānuku, arā te reo o ngā manu, o ngā ika, o ngā kararehe, o ngā rākau, o ngā uri katoa o Papatūānuku. Kia nei te reo wāhine hei whakaoho ake i te hunga wairua i runga anō i te tangi karanga ka whakapāoho ki runga i ngā marae. E kore e taea e te tangata te mau ki ēnei reo, mena kāhore noa e tapu pono ki ngā atua, ko te mea nui ko te reo tapu me ngā karakia tapu. Mā te reo ka manaakitia te tangata, ko taua reo anō ka kanga i te tangata; mā te reo ka piki te tangata ki ngā taumata whakahirahira, ko taua reo anō ka heke te tangata ki te pito kukume tonu o [[Whirotetupua]]. Nō reira, ko te reo tapu he tohu mana nō te tangata, he mana tūturu nō te atua, e kore e whakapōreareatia e te tangata kē" (Barlow 1991:112). == Reo-ā-iwi == He rerekē te tangi me te mita o te reo o ia iwi, o ia iwi, o ia iwi; hei tauira, he rerekē te tangi mai o te reo o [[Waikato]] ki tērā o [[Te Wai-pounamu]]. Nā Te Manihera (R. Maunsell), te ātirīkona o Tāmaki Makaurau, i kōrerohia ngā reo-ā-iwi i roto i te tuawhā o ngā putanga o tana pukapuka ''Grammar of the New Zealand Language'' i te 1894. E ai ki Te Manihera, e whitu ngā reo-ā-iwi nō roto tonu i Te Ika-a-Māui. Nāna hoki te kōrero, he rerekētanga anō i roto tonu o aua reo e whitu. Mai i taua wā, nā ētahi atu tohunga wetereo e whakarerekēngia ai aua whakaaro; engari mā te ripanga nei e whakaatu ētahi o aua rerekētanga: {|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" |- !Ngā Puhi !Waikato !Waipounamu !Whanganui !Rotorua !Tai-rāwhiti |- |karani papa |matua keke |poua |koro |koroua |morehu koroua |- |karani mama |koka |taua |kui |kuia |morehu kuia |- |matikara |matimati |kaokao |matimati |matimati |matikao |- |hangai |whangai |whakai |wangai |whangai |whangai |- |manuhiri |manuwhiri |wihita |manuwiri |manuhiri |manuhiri |- |kahore |kao |kao |kaore |kaore |kare |- |e pehea ana koe |e pewhea ana koe |kei te pehea koe |kei te pe'ea koe |kai te aha koe |kei te pehea koe |- |hakarongo |whakarongo |whakaroko |w'akarongo |whakarongo |whakarono |} == Waimemehatanga == Nō ngā tau whakatuwhera o te [[Rautau 19]], ka tīmata te noho tahi a te Pākehā ki te Māori i Aotearoa nei. Nō te tau 1815, ka puta te pukapuka tuatahi i tāia ki te reo, ''He Korao o Niu Tireni'' nā Tāmati Kānara. Ko te whakamārama o te taitara o taua pukapuka, 'He kōrero o Aotearoa'. Nō muri ake, ka tāia e Koroneho, e Wiremu he pukapuka i roto i te reo. Ko tētahi pukapuka whaimana i tāia i taua wā ko te ''Paipera Tapu''. He kaha hoki te Māori ki te tuhituhi kōrero i te reo. Ka taea hoki te kī, i taua wā, he pai ake ngā Māori i ngā Pākēhā ki te tuhituhi. Ko te mea whakahinapōuri kē ki te ngākau Māori, ka tahuri ngā Pākehā ki te hāpai i te mana o tō rātou ake reo. Nō te tau 1867, i kī te ture mō ngā kura Māori, kia akongia ki te reo Ingarihi i ngā kura, kia kaua ngā tamariki e kōrero i te Reo i roto i ngā kura. Ka tīmata i konei te waimemehatanga o te reo rangatira, nā te mea ki te kōrero Māori ngā tamariki i roto i ngā kura ka patua e ngā kaiako Pākehā. He raruraru nui tērā. Koia rā i mataku ai rātou ki te kōrero i te reo, ka tahuri kē ki te reo Pākehā. "Ka mōhio mai tātou, ki te kore e kōrero i te reo i roto i ngā tū āhua mahi katoa a te iwi, ia rā, ia rā, ka hohoro te ngaro, ka mate hoki te reo. Ko te mea tika me kōrero tonu te reo i ngā wā katoa, i roto i ngā karakia, i ngā wāhi mahi, i ngā toa hokohoko, i ngā wheketere, i ngā wāhi tākaro, i ngā kura; nō reira, mā ēnei whakaritenga ka tupu kaha te reo - kia kaua e ngaro. Nā reira, itiiti noa iho ngā wāhi kōrero i te reo Māori; ki ngā marae, me ētahi kura, hāhi, me ngā kohanga reo... Ahakoa, e kaha ana te Māori ki te whakamana i te reo hei reo tūturu mō ngā tāngata o tō tātou motu. E kore pea e taea kia noho ia hei reo mō ētahi taikanga motuhake i roto i te iwi, pēnei i te reo mihi i runga i ngā marae, hei reo kōrero hoki mō ētahi o ngā whānau. Ko te tumanako kia hāpaitia tonutia te reo kia kore e ngaro, engari kia pūāwai i runga i ngā tikanga o te [[Tiriti o Waitangi]], kia whakapuare huarahi kia noho pūmau tonu te reo hei taonga whakahirahira mō ake tonu atu" (Barlow 1991:113). I whakatūhia Te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi i te marama o Whiringa-a-nuku, 1975. I puta te rangahau mō te āhuatanga o te reo Māori 1973-78 a te Kaunihera Rangahau Mātauranga o Aotearoa (NZCER) e kī ana 18-20 ōrau anake o te iwi Māori e matatau ana ki te kōrero i te reo Māori, ā, i kī anō hoki kei te noho tino mōrearea te reo Māori. I te tau 1986 i rongohia e te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi te kereme mō Te Reo Māori. Nā tēnei i tū ai [[Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori]] i te tau 1987. Nā te mahi rangahau a te motu 1995, e pā ana ki te āhua o te reo, i whakapūmau ngā kitenga a tērā o ngā rangahau ki mua, me te tohu mai ahakoa e kōrerotia ana te reo Māori e te 59 ōrau o ngā pakeke Māori, e kitea ana ko te tokomaha (83 ōrau) o rātou he paku noa iho te matau mō te kōrero, ko ētahi kāre i paku kōrero i te reo Māori. E 8 ōrau anake o ngā pakeke Māori e tino matatau ana ki te reo Māori, ā, 33 ōrau o rātou, 60 tau te pakeke - neke atu rānei. == Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori == I te tau 1986, i mauria atu he kerēme ki te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi, ko te kerēme mō te reo Māori. Kātahi te ture mo te Reo Māori ka pahure hei Reo atoato i Aotearoa. I taua wā tonu, ka tū Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori hei Tari Kawana hei whanaketanga hei tautoko hoki i te Reo, i runga i te whakaaro i tukuna kētia te kerēme mo Te Reo Māori ki te Rōpū Whakamana. Ka whakamanahia-ā-ture te [[Ture Reo Māori 1987|Ture Reo Māori]] i te Here-turi-kōkā o 1987. E toru ōna kaupapa: * Ka whakapuaki i te reo Māori hei reo mana-ā-ture mō te motu nei o Aotearoa. * Kei ngā kōti, kei ngā Kōmihana uiui me ngā Taraipiunara, e whakatau ake ana tēnei ture i te whakaae kia kōrero Māori i te kōti ahakoa mema kōti rānei, ko wai ake rānei o te kōti, kaituku kōrero, kaiāwhina rānei. * Ka tū rā hoki i a ia [[Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori]]. Ko tā Te Taura Whiri he whakatairanga i te reo Māori me ngā kaupapa reo; he hikihiki taumata mō te tuhituhi me te kōrero i te reo, arā mā te ara rūmaki, mā te whakamātautau reo, mā te niureta ia toru marama e kīa nei He Muka, ā, me ngā kōrero tautoko mai anō hoki a te hunga mahi kāwanatanga; he whakamana-ā-ture i ngā whakamātautau o te hunga e whai nei i te mahi whakamāori-ā-tuhi, ā-waha rānei; he rangahau huarahi e whakatairangatia ai, e hāpai tonutia ai te ahu whakamua o te reo; te hanga papa kupu. Kia ono anō ngā hui o Te Taura Whiri i ia tau. He tumuākī tō te hunga mahi, ka mutu ko ngā mahi he rangahau, he ārahi ture, he whakahoki tirohanga i ngā mahi whakamāori, he whakatairanga, me ērā atu mahi e homai e ngā Kaiwhiri. Whakapā mai i konei ka whiti rānei ki te wāhi whakahoki kōrero hei tuku kōrero mai rā. == Te Wiki o te Reo Māori == Ko [[Te Wiki o te Reo Māori]] he kaupapa o [[Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori]] kia whakatairangatia te whakamahia o te reo MāoriI tīmata te Wiki o te Reo Māori i te tau 1975. I te tīmatanga i whakatūhia he rā hei whakanui i te reo Māori. Ko te 14 o Mahuru 1972 te rā i whakatakotohia ki mua o te aroaro o te Pāremata te petihana mō te Reo Māori e mau ana i ngā waitohu 30,000. Nō te tau 1973 ka huri te rā hei wiki whakanui i te reo. I muri mai i tēnei ka nekehia e te Tāhuhu Mātauranga ki te marama o Hōngongoi kia hāngai ki te wāhanga kura o taua tau, ā, kei te mau tonu ki taua marama. == Kīwaha == [[File:Kereru maunga.jpg|right|thumb|Ki ētahi iwi, he [[kererū]] te manu nei; ki ētahi atu, he kūkupa kē. Koia rā te āhua o te reo: ki ia iwi, ki ia iwi, ōna ake tikanga kōrero, ōna ake kīwaha.]]Ko ngā kīwaha he momo kōrero e whakaahua ana i ngā āhuatanga o ia rā, o ia rā, ā, me uaua ka kitea te tikanga tūturu i te papakupu, i te pukapuka wetereo rānei. Ki te whāia he tikanga ake o tēnā, o tēnā kupu, kāore tonu e kitea he māramatanga, i te mea kei tua kē te aronga o te kōrero. Nā Te Taura Whiri i Te Reo ēnei whakamārama: * '''Autaia (tonu)''' - whakamahia ai tēnei kupu hei whakaatu i te pai (autaia), i te āhua pai rānei (autaia tonu) o tētahi mea. Tērā pea e hāngai ana ki te tangata (autaia koe), ki te mahi rānei a te tangata, ki tētahi atu āhuatanga rānei. * '''E kī (rā)''' - e tohu ana tēnei i te mīharo, i te ohorere rānei o te kaikōrero ki tētahi tūāhua kātahi anō ka whakaaturia mai ki a ia. * '''Engari mō tēnā''' - ki te rongo koe i tēnei kōrero, kua mōhio koe e tino whakahē ana te kaikōrero i te whakaaro kātahi anō ka whakapuakina e tētahi atu. * '''Engari tonu''' - he momo whakamihi tēnei i te tangata, i tāna mahi, i tētahi kaupapa rānei, ā, e āhua whakaatu ana anō hoki i te mīharo o te kaikōrero ki tētahi tūāhua. Arā te kīwaha e āhau rite ana ki tēnei, ko te 'koia kei a koe'. Engari he wā anō tōna e whakahē ana i te kōrero a tētahi atu mēnā he rerenga whakakāhore taua kōrero, he wā anō e whakaū ana, e whakaae ana ki te kōrero a tētahi atu mēnā ehara i te rerenga whakakāhore. I ōna wā anō e tohu ana tēnei kīwaha i mōhio tonu te kaikōrero ka puta tētahi āhuatanga. * '''He aha hoki!''' - whakamahia ai tēnei kīwaha hei whakautu i tētahi atu kōrero, ā, he momo whakakāhore i taua kōrero rā i runga i te wairua whakaiti, whakatakē, whakangahau rānei. Tērā pea e hāngai ana ki te tangata nāna tonu te kōrero, tērā rānei e hāngai ana ki tētahi atu. * '''He aha te aha''' - ka noho mai tēnei kīwaha ki te wāhanga whakamutunga o tētahi rerenga. E tohu ana i te kore whaihua, i te moumou taima noa iho rānei o tētahi āhuatanga e whakaahuatia ana i te wāhanga tuatahi o te kōrero. * '''Hei aha (noa iho)''' - ko tētahi tikanga o tēnei kīwaha, ko te 'kāore he take o te māharahara', pērā tonu i te 'aua atu'. Ko tētahi atu tikanga o te 'hei aha noa iho' e whakaatu ana i te whakapono o te kaikōrero kāore he take o te whai i tētahi mahi, i tētahi āhuatanga rānei. * '''Ka wani kē''' - he whakamihi tēnei i te tangata mō tana mātau, mō tana tohungatanga rānei ki tētahi mea. * '''Kei a koe mō te...''' - he whakanui tēnei i te pai o te tangata ki te mahi i tētahi mahi. I ētahi wā, he āhua whakahē tēnei i te tangata mō tētahi āhua ōna e hapa ana, ki tā te kaikōrero titiro. * '''Kei a koe te tikanga''' - e tohu ana tēnei kei a wai te mana whakatau i tētahi take, pērā i te whakatau a te tangata ki tēnā, ki tēnā o ngā rārangi pōti e rua o Aotearoa nei. * '''Kei runga noa atu koe''' - he momo whakanui tēnei i te tangata, mōna i mahi i tētahi mahi pai. Me uaua ka rangona e whakamahia ana e te tangata mōna anō, engari arā pea ētahi wā ruarua ka taea. He wā anō ka taea te whakamahi hei whakaahua i te pai o tētahi atu mea, pērā i tētahi kaupapa. * '''Koia kei (a koe)''' - ko tā tēnei kīwaha, he whakaatu tahi i te tautoko me te āhua mīharo o te kaikōrero ki te whakaaro, ki te mahi rānei a tētahi atu. Engari i tōna wā anō, ko tā tēnei kīwaha he whakahē i te kōrero, i te mahi rānei a tētahi tangata, me te tohu anō hoki he wā ka taka, ka kai taua tangata i ana hamuti, arā, ka hoki mai ngā hua kino o tāna mahi ki runga ki a ia. * '''Koia (rā/pū)''' - ko tā tēnei kīwaha e tohu ana, kei te tautoko, kei te whakaae rānei te kaikōrero ki te whakaaro kātahi anō ka whakapuakina e tētahi atu. * '''(Ka/he/te) tau kē (hoki)!''' - he whakamihi anō tēnei i te pai o te tangata, o tētahi mahi, o tētahi atu āhuatanga rānei. Mehemea ko te 'tau' te kupu tuatahi, me mātua noho mai te kupu 'kē' hei hoa mōna. I ētahi atu whakamahinga, kei a koe te tikanga ina raua atu te 'kē', kāore rānei. * '''Mai anō''' - e tohu ana tēnei i te kaha roa o te wā e mau ana tētahi āhuatanga, e mahia ana tētahi mahi. * '''Piki, heke''' - ko tētahi tikanga o tēnei kīwaha, ko te 'kāore he take o te māharahara'; ko tā te tangata mahi mai rā anō, he kimi huarahi māna e tutuki ana tino kaupapa arā noa iho ngā āhuatanga o te wā. * '''Te mutunga (kē) mai (nei) o te ...''' - whakamahia ai tēnei kōrero hei whakakaha ake i tētahi whakaaro, tae atu ki ngā whakaaro whakamihi i te tangata, i tētahi atu āhuatanga rānei, pērā i 'te mutunga mai o te pai'. == Tirohia hoki == * [[Kuki Airani]] * [[Takuu]] == Hoto ki waho == * [http://www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz/ Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070128213004/http://www.learningmedia.co.nz/nz/online/ngata/ Te Papakupu a Ngata] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051028180756/http://www.nzmaths.co.nz/maori/dictionary/ Te Reo Pāngarau] * [http://www.maorilanguage.net/ Māori Language.net] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060203040206/http://www.nzreo.org.nz/ NZ Reo, NZ Pride] * [http://www.nzdl.org/niupepa Ngā Nūpepa Māori] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090411122652/http://www.korero.maori.nz/forspeakers/patakakupu He Pātaka Kupu : te kai a te rangatira] == Tohutoro == {{reflist}} == Ngā tohutoro == * C. Barlow, ''Tikanga Whakaaro''. Tāmaki-makau-rau, Oxford, 1991. * M. Bartlett, 'Tūkaha Te Reo Māori!'. ''Salient'', 24 Hōngongoi 2006. URL:[https://web.archive.org/web/20061007225556/http://www.salient.org.nz/features/tukaha-te-reo-maori/]. * B.G. Biggs, ''Let's Learn Māori''. Tāmaki-makau-rau, Uniprint, 1996. * R. Maunsell, ''Grammar of the New Zealand Language.'' Putanga tuawhā. Tāmaki-makau-rau, 1894. * Te Taura Whiri i Te Reo Māori, ''He Kohinga Kīwaha''. Putanga tuarua. Tāmaki-makau-rau:Reed, 2005. [[Category:Reo-ā-kaimahi]] [[Category:Reo Māori]] [[Category:Aotearoa]] [[Category:Tuhipānui pai]] i0clhmawhmcmq5qyvmf5qeoz4bo8uyd Wikipedia:Kōrero 4 629 167443 167386 2026-04-26T00:58:02Z MediaWiki message delivery 5801 /* Request for comment (global AI policy) */ new section 167443 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Image:Contactus-wmcolors.png|right|thumb|300px|Kōrero mai...]] [[Image:Lamingtons on a plate.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Welcome to the Māori Wikipedia! Here are some lamingtons to welcome you.]] '''Tēnā koe!''' Nau mai, haere mai! Tuhia mai ō whakaaro, ō pātai rānei ki '''[http://mi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Talk:Kōrero&action=edit&section=new konei]'''. (''Please leave any questions or comments'' '''[http://mi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Talk:Kōrero&action=edit&section=new ''here'']'''). Ko tēnei whārangi tō tātou puna wai, tō mātou wharekai rānei, hei wāhi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i ngā reo e rua mō ngā āhuatanga katoa o tēnei o ō tātou Wikipedia. Ki te hiahia whakaputa whakaaro koe, tēnā, waiho mai ō whakaaro, ō pātai rānei kei raro iho nei, kia mōhio ai mātou kua tae mai koe kia kite i a mātou! <small>'''Pūranga:''' [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2004|2004]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2005|2005]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2006|2006]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2007-2009|2007-2009]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2010-2013|2010-2013]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2014|2014]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2015|2015]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2016|2016]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2017|2017]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2018|2018]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2019|2019]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2020|2020]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2021|2021]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2022|2022]] • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2023|2023]]</small> • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2024|2024]]</small> • [[Wikipedia:Kōrero/2025|2025]]</small> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Hānuere 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 Hānuere 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Hānuere 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|kōrero]])</bdi> 11:15, 19 Māehe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:11, 3 Āperira 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:58, 26 Āperira 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> capfb697k1wpmrrb5cfgrwhdzwnlvq3 Kāwanatanga 0 650 167449 141884 2026-04-26T04:19:41Z TautauKarepe 22930 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 167449 wikitext text/x-wiki Ka whakatūria te '''kāwanatanga''' nō te tau 1840. Nō te tau 1854 i hui ai te [[Pāremata]] tuatahi ki [[Tāmaki-makau-rau]]. Nō te tau 1862 i hui tuatahi ai te Pāremata o Niu Tireni ki [[Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara]]. Nō te marama o [[Here-turi-kōkā]] i te tau 1860, ka tū ki Kohimarama te hui tuatahi o ngā rangatira Māori katoa. E ai ki te Kāwanatanga, ko te tino hiahia o te Kāwanatanga tuatahi, o ngā Kāwanatanga nō muri mai, kia ora tonu ngā Māori hei iwi ki te ao nei. == Ngā Kāwana == === Te Kāwana tuatahi o Aotearoa === Ko Kāpene Hopihana nāna te kara o Te [[Kīngitanga Kotahi]] i whakairi i te tau 1840 ki [[Peiwhairangi]], arā, ki te takiwā i hainatia ai [[te Tiriti o Waitangi]]. === Ngā kāinga noho o te Kāwana === Ko [[Tāmaki-makau-rau]] te wāhi i nohoia e ngā Kāwana nō te tau 1842 tae noa ki te tau 1868. Ā nō muri mai ka noho rātou ki [[Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara]]. === Te Kāwana o nāianei === Nō te 23 o ngā rā o Here-turi-kōkā, whakatūria ai a Kaiwhakawā Anand Satyanand hei Kāwana Tianara. == Tirohia hoki == *[[Te Kāwanatanga o Aotearoa]] *[[Pāremata]] *[[Rārangi Kāwana]] *[[Te Tiriti o Waitangi]] *[[Ture]] {{Maramara}} [[Category:Kāwanatanga]] ruver7cnnf6lxuqgmaeiuittkrpxt4c Marae 0 1158 167442 167126 2026-04-25T12:09:45Z TautauKarepe 22930 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|2|0 */ 167442 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Marae, Raiatea 2.jpg|thumb|Ko Taputapuātea, he marae tawhito kei [[Rangiātea|Ra'iātea]]. Ka mau tonu ngā tapu o tēnei wāhi rongonui]]Ko te '''marae''' te tūrangawaewae o te [[iwi]]. ==I Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa== He kupu tino tawhito tēnei kupu 'marae'. Ki ngā iwi o Te Ao-o-Kiwa, he wāhi tapu te marae, he wāhi i mahia ai ngā mahi tapu, ngā huihuinga a te iwi. I ngā reo o Tahiti, o [[Kuki Airani|Rarotonga]], he '''marae''' tēnei; ki ngā tāngata o Tonga, he '''mala'e'''; i ngā reo o [[Hāmoa]], o [[Hawai'i]], he '''malae'''. He wāhi ātea takawhā tēnei, he kōhatu, he pou rānei e tū ana ki ia taha, ki ia taha, hei wāhi mahi i ngā karakia tapu. Nō te Rautau 19, ko te taenga mai o te whakapono karaitiana ki ngā moutere o [[Moana-nui-a-Kiwa|Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa]], ka whakarerea ngā marae o reira, ka whakangaromia te nuinga. Ko ētahi i waiho hei wāhi mā ngā turuhi, mā ngā kaimātai whaipara tangata. Otirā, mau tonu te tapu o ngā marae. Kei ngā [[Kuki Airani]], ka mau tonu te iwi ki te whakapai o ētahi o ngā marae o reira (ko Ara-i-te-tonga, ko Vaerota, ko Taputapuatea) mō ngā karakia whakapai i ngā ariki hou. ==I Aotearoa nei== [[Image:Tanenuiarangi.jpg|thumb|Ko Waipapa marae kei Tāmaki-makau-rau. Ko te ''marae ātea'' kei mua i te whare.]] I [[Aotearoa]] nei, i te wā i noho ai ngā tūpuna ki ngā pā tūwatawata, he wāhi te 'marae' kei mua i tētahi whare whakairo. He ingoa anō tō taua wāhi ko te 'marae ātea'. Ka mahia i konei ngā tikanga katoa e pā ana ki te iwi, he wāhi mā ngā tohunga e mahi ngā ritenga tapu. Kei muri i te marae, he whare maihi e tū ana. Ko tēnei whare he whare tapu, he whare whakapaipai, he mea whakairo, kia mōhio ai te iwi, ko te whare o te rangatira tērā. Kāore e taea te tomo noa ki roto ki taua whare, kia mātua tohia te tangata ki te wai tapu, kia purea ia ki ngā karakia, kātahi anō ka uru ki roto. I ēnei rā, kua āhua rerekē haere te tikanga o te kupu 'marae'. Ko ngā whare katoa e tū ana ki te papakāinga e kīa ana he marae; arā ko te wharenui i mua i te marae ātea, ko te wharekai, ko ngā whare horoi. I mua atu i ngā mahi hanga i tētahi whare hou, ka huihui ngā kaumātua o te rohe whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro ai, whiriwhiri kaupapa ai mō te marae. Ka whakaae mai rātou ki te ingoa o te wharenui, ki ngā ingoa o ngā whare katoa o te marae. Ko te wharenui he wāhi mō ngā huihuinga, mō ngā mahi toi, mō ērā mahi atu atu. I reira moe ai ngā manuhiri ki te taha o te tangata whenua. I roto i te wharekai, ka noho tahi rātou ki te kai, ki te mahi rānei i ngā mahi a te iwi. Kei te marae ātea, ka tū te iwi ki te pōwhiri ki ngā manuhiri, ki te whāikōrero. ==Whāikōrero== Ka tū tētahi tangata ki te marae, ki te whakapuaki i ngā whakaaro i takea mai i te hōhonutanga o tōna hinengaro, ka whakarongo te iwi ki aua kōrero, ā, mā ēnei ka taea e rātou te tatau ōna karangatanga, te wāhi mōna i roto i te iwi. Ka rangatira te whakatakoto o āna kupu, ko ia anō hei rangatira whakatau mōna. Ko tēnei ko tōna mārama ki te reo, te taonga nāna i tā te rangatira ki tōna rae. Ka whakaritea ki te korimako, he manu tino reo reka o te wao nui a Tāne. I ngā wā o mua, e āhei ai te tauira hei pū kōrero, i whāngaia ia ki taua manu kia whiwhi ai ki ōna painga. Ko te tangata i mātau ki te kōrero i huaina he korimako, ā, ka whakarongo te iwi ki te rangi, ki ngā kupu i taka mai i ōna ngutu. Kei ngā marae anake e rongona ēnei momo kōrero, ā, kei reira anake ka taea ai te hōhonu, ahakoa kei te ia i roto i te kaikōrero ngā toto rangatira, ahakoa i heke mai ia i te aho o te waru, kāore he mea hei aukati i a ia ki te tū tōna marae, notemea he oneone tuku iho tēnei ki te iwi katoa, ki ōna i kīa rā, ki ōna whakatupuranga, ki ōna whakatupuranga, he papakāinga tēnei, te taonga tūhonohono, nāna i whakatōpū ngā whakaminenga o ngā hapū i ngā karangatanga huhua o te takiwā. He papa huinga tāngata tēnei i ngā wā o te pai, e hui ai te iwi i ōna whakatapere, e tangi ai i ngā wā o te hēmanawa, o te pouri. ==I ngā kura== I ngā tau kua pahure ake nei, tahuri ai ngā kura, ngā kāreti, ngā whare wānanga o Aotearoa nei ki te whakatū marae mō rātou anō, hei wāhi whakaako i ngā mahi Māori, i [[Reo Māori|te reo]], i te whāikōrero. Kei Waipapa Marae, kei te marae o Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki-makau-rau, ka tū ko ngā whiwhinga tohu a te Tari Māori, ko ngā pōwhiri mō ngā kaimahi hou o te Whare Wānanga. Engari ka mātua whakamahia ki te whakaako i te reo, i ngā tikanga a te Māori, i te whāikōrero, me ngā pōwhiri ki ngā manuhiri tuarangi o te Whare Wānanga. ==Tirohia hoki== *[[Rārangi marae]] *[[Waipapa Marae]] ==Hoto ki waho== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061003111821/http://history-nz.org/maori5.html Kōrero o mua: te marae] (reo Pākehā) ==Tohutoro== {{commons|Marae}} *C. Barlow, ''Tikanga Whakaaro''. Tāmaki-makau-rau, Oxford, 1991. *W. Kaa, Te O. Kaa, ''Apirana Ngata: Āna Tuhinga i te Reo Māori''. Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara: Te Whare Tā Pukapuka a Te Whare Wānanga o Te Upoko o Te Ika-a-Māui, 1996. {{Maramara}} [[Category:Marae| ]] [[Category:Porinīhia]] [[Category:Tikanga Māori]] [[Category:Tuhipānui pai]] i3cdaz28tszdj6gva7y7yqkv04mukwe Ngā reo Ahiteronīhia 0 12252 167445 166474 2026-04-26T02:59:05Z Snnssiizsnakwiksznzhipps 22932 167445 wikitext text/x-wiki [t’j[File:Te mapi o ngā reo ahiteronīhia.png|thumb|'''Te mapi o ngā reo ahiteronīhia''']] Ko '''ngā reo Ahiteronīhia''' te kahui reo nunui o te ao, a koia tonu te matapuna o te [[reo Māori]]. 1268 ngā reo o tenei kahui i korerohia mai i [[Marakāhia]] i te uru, tae atu ki [[Moutere Aranga|Rapanui]] ki te rāwhiti, ko ngā moutere o [[Initonīhia]] kei waenganui. Ko te matapuna o tenei iwi e kia nei ko ngā reo Ahiteronīhia ko te motu o Whoromoha ([[Taiwana]]). I ahu mai etehi tāngata no [[Āhia]] ki Taiwana i ngā tau 10,000-6000 B.C, a na te wehenga i era atu iwi ka puta mai he reo hou me ngā tikanga.<ref>(Blust,1988)</ref>. Tēnā pea na te whakarea o te iwi ka timata mai i ngā tau 5000-2500 B.C. te marere o te iwi nei ki whenua ke. Tuatahi ki ngā [[Piripīni]], katahi ka toro atu ki ngā moutere o [[Motu Sulawesi|Sulawesi]], o [[Motu Poronio|Poronio]], o [[Motu Maluku|Maluku]] me [[Motu Java|Java]]. Mai i Maluku ka huri ngā waka ki te Moananui a Kiwa mai i ngā tau 1200 B.C. ki 500 B.C. Ko etehi atu ka huri te ihu o te waka ki te ra-to tae atu ki Sumatra, ki te kuititanga o [[Marēhia]] me te tai tonga o [[Whitināmu]]. Ka whakawhiti ano tetehi waka i te Moananui o [[Īnia]] tae atu ki Marakāhia I te tau 1000 B.C. pea ka tae atu etehi o enei ki Savaii me era atu o ngā moutere e kia nei o ngai tatou te Iwi Māori. == Ahurea == Ma te whakatauriterite i ngā tikanga me te taritari i te reo me rangahau ka tuhurahura etehi wahanga o te ahurea o ratou ngā tūpuna onamata. Ko te hapu te mana whakahaere o te iwi reo-a-Kiwa nei, he whai rangatira no te taha wahine. Ka whai ano ratou i te tikanga o te tuakana, taina. He iwi whakatere waka, a kāore e kore kei a ratou te putake o te matauranga tatai arorangi me te whakatere waka. Ko te matu o te whakaaro ko te purua tanga ara ko te Rangi me te whenua, ara ko te rere ki uta ko te rere ki tai. He kiri waituhi to ngā tāngata nei, a ka tuhi ano te kiri o te uku me era atu o ngā taputapu. == Te Marara Reo == E toru pea ngā wehenga ki to te kahui reo nei ara te reo Whoromoha, te [[reo Marēo]] me te reo o te Moananui a Kiwa. Ko Foromosa te mea tawhito i korerohia e ngā tāngata whenua o Taiwana, kei reira e noho tonu ana etehi uri ki uta. Ko te reo Marēhia me ngā reo o Te Moananui a Kiwa he reo kotahi. Ara i te wehenga i ngā moutere o Maluka ka haere etehi ki te uru ko ratou ngā tāngata Marēhia, ka haere etehi ki te rawhiti ki te Moananui a Kiwa. Ko ngā tāngata Marēhia hoki ratou e haere tawhiti atu ki Marakāhia I te taenga mai o ngā tāngata-a-Kiwa ki ngā moutere tata ki Āhia ka tuponohia tetehi iwi ke ara ko Ngā Papua, he tangata hema, kiri pango. Ka moea ngā iwi e rua nei a ko ngā uri ko te iwi e kia nei ko Ngai Lapita ara ko ngā tūpuna o tatou ngā uri o Hawaiki. Ko ngā me atata ki Papua ko ngā Melanesian ko ngā mea a puta atu ki te Moananui a Kiwa ko ngai tatou o Poronīhia. Ko Etehi ka huri ki ngā motupapatea a ka moea ano ngā uri o Piripīni kia puta ngā uri o Maikoronihia. == Ngā whānau reo == === ''[[reo Rukai]]'' ([[Rukai|Iwi Rukai]]): ngā reo ā-iwi o Mantauran, Tona, me Maga === === [[Ngā reo Tsou]] ([[Tsou|Iwi Tsou]]) === * [[reo Tsou|''reo Tsou'']] * Tsou-ki-te-tonga ** [[Reo Kanakanavu|''reo Kanakanavu'']] ** [[Reo Saaroa|''reo Saaroa'']] === ''[[reo Puaiuma]] (Puyuma)'' === === [[Whoromoha-ki-te-raki-mā-uru]] (Northwest Formosan) === * [[reo Saisiyat:]] ngā reo ā-iwi o Taai me Tungho * [[reo Pazeh]] me [[reo Kulun]] === [[Mānia-ki-te-uru]] (Western Plains) === * [[reo Tawa]] ([[Iwi Thao]]) <abbr>rānei</abbr> reo Sao: ngā reo ā-iwi o Brawbaw me Shtafari [[Waenganui Mānia-ki-te-uru]] (Central Western Plains) * [[reo Babuza]]; [[reo Favorlang tawhito]]: ngā reo ā-iwi o Taokas me Poavosa * [[reo Papora-Hoanya]]: ngā reo ā-iwi o Papora me Hoanya === [[Ataiara]] (Atayalic) === * [[reo Ataiara]] (Atayal) * [[reo Seediq]] rānei reo Truku / reo Taroko === [[Whoromoha-ki-te-rāwhiti]] (East Formosan) === * [[Ngā reo Kavalanic]] (raki) ** [[reo Basay]]: ngā reo ā-iwi o Trobiawa me Linaw-Qauqaut ** [[reo Kavalan]] ** [[reo Ketagalan]], rānei reo Ketangala * Waenganui ([[Reo Ami|Ami]]) ** [[reo Ami]] (Amis) ** [[reo Sakizaya]] * [[reo Siraya]] === ''[[reo Bunun]]'' === === ''[[reo Paiwana]] (Paiwan)'' === === [[Marēhia-Poronīhia]] (Malayo-Polynesian) === * [[Marēhia-Poronīhia-ki-te-uru]] (Western Malayo-Polynesian) ** [[Ngā reo Piripīni]] (Philippine) *** [[Ngā reo Batanic]] (Batanic) **** [[Reo Yami|''reo Yami'']] (rānei reo Tao) i [[Motu Orchid]] ***** [[Imurud reo ā-iwi|''Imurud reo ā-iwi'']] ***** [[Iraralay reo ā-iwi|''Iraralay reo ā-iwi'']] ***** [[Iranumilek reo ā-iwi|''Iranumilek reo ā-iwi'']] **** [[Reo Itbayat|''reo'' ''Itbayat'']] i [[Motu Itbayat]] **** ''[[reo Ivatan]]'' ***** [[Ivasay reo ā-iwi|''Ivasay'' ''reo ā-iwi'']] (= Basco Ivatan) i [[Motu Batan]] ***** [[Isamurung reo ā-iwi|''Isamurung'' ''reo ā-iwi'']] (= Ivatan-ki-te-tonga) i Motu Batan (wāhanga-ki-te-tonga), Sabtang **** [[reo Ibatan]] (rānei reo Babuyan) i [[Ngā Motu Babuyan]] *** [[Luzon-ki-te-raki]] (Northern Luzon) **** ''[[reo Ilocano]]'' **** [[Ngā reo Cagayan Valley]] ***** ''[[reo Isnag]]'' ***** [[Ngā reo Ibanagic]] ****** ''[[reo Atta]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ibanag]]'' ****** ''[[reo Itawis]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yogad]]'' ***** [[Ngā reo Gaddang-Cagayan]] ****** ''[[reo Waenganui Cagayan Agta]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gaddang]]'' ****** ''[[reo ā-iwi Ga'dang]]'' **** [[Ngā reo Meso-Cordilleran]] ***** ''[[reo Alta-ki-te-raki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Alta-ki-te-tonga]]'' ***** Ngā reo waenganui-ki-te-tonga Cordilleran ****** [[Ngā reo waenganui Cordilleran]] ******* ''[[reo Isinai]]'' ******* Ngā reo waenganui-ki-te-raki Cordilleran ******** Ngā reo Kalinga-Itneg ********* ''[[reo Itneg]]'' ********* ''[[reo Kalinga]]'' ******** Waenganui Cordilleran ********* ''[[reo Ifugao]]'' ********* ''[[reo Balangao]]'' ********* Bontok-Kankanaey ********** ''[[reo Bontok-Finallig]]'' ********** ''[[reo Kankanaey]]'' ******** [[Cordilleran-ki-te-tonga]] ********* ''[[reo Bugkalot]]'' ********* Cordilleran-ki-te-tonga-mā-uru ********** ''[[reo Pangasinan]]'' ********** Waenganui-ki-te-tonga Cordilleran *********** ''[[reo Ibaloi]]'' *********** ''[[reo Iwaak]]'' *********** ''[[reo Kallahan]]'' *********** ''[[reo Karao]]'' **** [[Luzon-ki-te-raki-mā-rāwhiti]] (Northeastern Luzon) ***** ''[[reo Dupaningan Agta]]'' ***** (Waenganui) ****** ''[[reo Dinapigue Agta]]'' ****** ''[[reo Casiguran Agta]]'', ''[[reo Nagtipunan Agta]]'' ****** ''[[reo Pahanan Agta]]'', ''[[reo Paranan]]'' **** ''[[reo Dicamay Agta]]'' **** ''[[reo Arta]]'' *** [[Waenganui Luzon]] (Central Luzon) **** ''[[reo Kapampangan]]'' **** [[Sambalic]] ***** ''[[reo Abellen]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ambala]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bolinao]]'' ***** ''[[reo Botolan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mag-antsi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mag-indi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mariveleño]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sambali]]'' **** ''[[reo Sinauna]]'' *** [[Mangyan-ki-te-raki]] (North Mangyan) **** ''[[reo Alangan]]'' **** ''[[reo Iraya]]'' **** ''[[reo Tadyawan]]'' *** [[Reo Umiray Dumaget|''reo Umiray Dumaget'']] *** [[Ngā reo Manide-Alabat]] (Manide–Alabat) **** [[reo Manide]] **** [[reo Alabat]] *** [[Ngā reo Waenganui Piripīni Nui Atu]] (Greater Central Philippine) **** [[Waenganui Piripīni]] (Central Philippine) ***** ''[[reo Tagalog]]'' ***** [[Bikol]] ****** [[Bikol-ki-te-moana]] (Coastal Bikol) ******* ''[[reo Isarog Agta]]'' ******* ''[[reo Maunga Iraya Agta]]'' (Mount Iraya Agta) ******* ''[[reo Waenganui Bikol]]'' (Central Bikol) ******** ''[[Canaman reo ā-iwi]]'' (ōkawa) ******** ''[[Naga Tāone reo ā-iwi]]'' (Naga City) ******** ''Partido reo ā-iwi'' ******** ''Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon (TLS) reo ā-iwi'' ******** ''Daet reo ā-iwi'' ******* ''[[reo Catanduanes Bikol-ki-te-tonga]]'' (Southern Catanduanes Bikol) ****** [[Inland Bikol-ki-te-tuawhenua]] (Inland Bikol) ******* ''[[reo Maunga Iriga Agta]]'' (Mount Iriga Agta language) ******* [[Albay Bikol]] ******** reo Buhinon ******** reo Libon ******** reo Miraya-ki-te-uru (West Miraya) ******** reo Miraya-ki-te-rāwhiti (East Miraya) ******* ''[[reo Rinconada Bikol]]'' ******** ''Sinabukid reo ā-iwi'' ********* ''Agta reo ā-iwi'' ********* ''Iriga reo ā-iwi'' (ōkawa) ******** ''Sinaranəw reo ā-iwi'' ********* ''Baao reo ā-iwi'' ********* ''Bato reo ā-iwi'' ********* ''Bula–Pili reo ā-iwi'' ********* ''Nabua–Balatan reo ā-iwi'' ****** [[Reo Pandan Bikol|''reo Pandan Bikol'']] ***** [[Mansakan]] ****** ''[[reo Dabawenyo]]'' ****** Mandayan ******* ''[[reo Mansaka]]'' ******* ''[[reo Mandaya]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kamayo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kalagan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mamanwa]]'' ***** [[Bisayan]] ****** ''[[reo Asi]]'' ****** [[reo Hepu]] (Cebuan) ****** Waenganui Bisayan ******* ''[[reo Warai]] (Waray)'' ******* ''[[reo Paiapaiango]]'' (Baybayanon) ******* ''[[reo Kapariango]] (Kabalian)'' ******* ''[[reo Hilikaingo]]'' (Hiligaynon) ******* ''[[reo Kapihingo]]'' (Capiznon) ******* ''[[reo Romopuromango]]'' (Romblomanon) ******* ''[[reo Panataiango]]'' (Bantayanon) ******* ''[[reo Porohango]]'' (Porohanon) ******* ''[[reo Ati]]'' ******* ''[[reo Mahapatengo]]'' (Masbateño) ******* ''[[reo Horohokongo-ki-te-tonga]]'' (Southern Sorsogon) ******* ''[[reo Horohokongo-ki-te-raki]]'' (Northern Sorsogon) ****** Bisayan-ki-te-uru ******* ''[[reo Kuiongo]]'' (Cuyonon) ******* ''[[reo Karuiango]]'' (Caluyanon) ******* ''[[reo Akarango]]'' (Aklanon) ******* ''[[reo Karaia]]'' (Karay-a) ******* ''[[reo Inonohango]]'' (Inonhan) ******* ''[[reo Ratakango]]'' (Ratagnon) ****** Bisayan-ki-te-tonga ******* ''[[reo Hurikaongo]]'' (Surigaonon) ******* ''[[reo Putuango]]'' (Butuanon) ******* ''[[reo Tauhungo]]'' (Tausug) **** [[Mangyan-ki-te-tonga]] (South Mangyan) ***** ''[[reo Buhid]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tawbuid]]'' ***** ''[[reo Hanunoko]]'' (Hanuno'o) **** [[Palawanic]] ***** [[Palawano]] ****** reo Quezon Palawano rānei reo Central Palawano / reo Brooke's Point Palawano ****** reo Bugsuk Palawano reo ā-iwi rānei reo Palawano-ki-te-tonga ****** Palawano-ki-te-tonga-mā-uru ***** ''[[reo Aborlan Tagbanwa]]'' ***** ''[[reo Waenganui Tagbanwa]]'' (kāore [[Kalamian Tagbanwa]]) ***** ''[[reo Batak]]'' (kāore [[Ngā reo Batak]]) ***** ''[[reo Taukutu Patu]]'' (Tau't Batu) ***** ''[[reo Molbog]]?'' **** [[Subanen]] ***** Subanen-ki-te-uru ****** ''[[reo Subanen-ki-te-uru]]'' ****** ''Kolibugan-ki-te-uru'' ***** Waenganui Subanen ****** Waenganui-ki-te-uru ******* ''Tawlet-Kalibugan Subanen'' ******* ''Salug-Godod Subanen'' ****** Waenganui-ki-te-rāwhiti ******* ''Subanen-ki-te-tonga'' ******* ''Waenganui Subanen'' ******* ''Subanen-ki-te-raki'' ******* ''Subanen-ki-te-rāwhiti'' **** [[Danao]] ***** ''[[reo Iranun]]'' ***** ''[[reo Maguindanao]]'' ***** ''[[reo Maranao]]'' **** [[Manobo]] ***** Manobo-ki-te-raki ****** ''[[reo Cagayano]]'' (o te [[Motu Cagayancillo]]) ****** ''[[reo Kinamigin]]'' (o te [[Motu Camiguin]]), ''[[reo Binukid]]'' (o waenganui Mindanao) ***** (Waenganui) ****** Manobo-ki-te-tonga ******* ''[[reo Tagabawa]]'' ******* ''[[reo Sarangani Manobo]]'' ******* ''[[reo Tasaday]]'', ''[[reo Cotabato Manobo]]'' ****** Manobo-ki-te-rāwhiti, uru me waenganui ******* Uru ******** ''[[reo Obo]]'' ******** ''[[reo Ilianen]] Manobo'' ******** ''[[reo Bukidnon-ki-te-uru]] Manobo'', ''Livunganen'' (a dialect spoken in [[Libungan]], north of [[Midsayap]], Cotabato) ******* Rāwhiti-waenganui ******** Rāwhiti ********* ''[[reo Agusan]] Manobo'' ********* ''[[reo Dibabawon]] Manobo'' ******** Waenganui ********* ''[[reo Ata]] o Davao'' ********* ''[[reo Matig Salug]]'', ''Tigwa Manobo'' **** [[Gorontalo–Mongondow]] ***** Gorontalic ****** ''[[reo Bolango]]'' ****** ''[[reo Buol]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bintauna]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gorontalo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kaidipang]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lolak]]'' ****** ''[[reo Suwawa]]'' ***** Mongondowic ****** ''[[reo Mongondow]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ponosakan]]'' *** [[Reo Ati|''reo Ati'']] *** [[Ngā reo Kalamian]] (Kalamian) **** ''[[reo Agutaynen]]'' **** ''[[reo Calamian Tagbanwa]]'' *** [[Mindanao-ki-te-tonga]] (South Mindanao) **** ''[[reo Buhid]]'' **** ''[[reo Hanunoo]]'' **** ''[[reo Tawbuid]]'' *** [[Reo Klata|''reo Klata'']] *** [[Ngā reo Minahasan]] (Minahasan) **** [[reo Tombulu]] **** [[reo Tondano]] **** [[reo Tonsawang]] **** [[reo Tonsea]] **** [[reo Tontemboan]] *** [[Ngā reo Sangiric]] (Sangiric) **** ''[[reo Bantik]]'' **** ''[[reo Ratahan]]'' **** ''[[reo Sangirese]]'' **** ''[[reo Talaud]]'' ** [[Poronio-ki-te-raki me Barito]] (North Bornean + Barito) *** [[Poronio-ki-te-raki nui]] **** Poronio-ki-te-raki ***** [[Sabah-ki-te-raki-mā-rāwhiti]] ****** ''[[reo Ida'an]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bonggi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Molbog]] ?'' ***** [[Sabah-ki-te-tonga-mā-uru]] ****** Dusunic Nui ******* Bisaya–Lotud ******** ''[[reo Brunei Bisaya]]'' ******** ''[[reo Lotud]]'' ******* [[Dusunic]] ******** ''[[reo Kadazandusun]]'' ********* ''[[reo Waenganui Dusun]]'' ********* ''[[reo Kadazan-ki-te-Uta]]'' ******** ''[[reo Kuijau]]'' ******** ''[[reo Kadazan-ki-te-rāwhiti]]'' ******** ''[[reo Kota Marudu Talantang]]'' ******** [[Reo Rungus|''reo Rungus'' / reo Momogun]] ******** ''[[reo Klias Awa Kadazan]]'' ******* [[Paitanic]] ******** ''[[reo Tombonuwo]]'' ******** ''[[reo Kinabatangan]]'' ******** ''[[reo Abai Sungai]]'' ******** ''[[reo Serudung]]'' ****** Greater Murutic ******* ''[[reo Tatana]]'' ? ******* ''[[reo Papar]]'' ******* [[Murutic]] ******** ''[[reo Tagol]]'' ******** ''[[reoTimugon]]'' ******** ''[[reo Keningau]]'' ******** ''[[reo Selungai]]'' ******** ''[[reo Sembakung]]'' ******** ''[[reo Baukan]]'' ******** ''[[reo Okolod]]'' ******** ''[[reo Paluan]]'' ******** ''[[reo Gana']]'' ******** ''[[reo Kalabakan]]'' ******** ''[[reo Nonukan Tidong]]'' ******** ''[[reo Sesayap Tidong]]'' ***** [[Sarawak-ki-te-raki]] ****** [[Reo Kenyah|''reo Kenyah / reo Bakung'']] ****** ''[[reo Sebob]]'' ****** [[Reo Tutoh|''reo Tutoh'']] ****** ''[[reo Uma' Lasan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wahau Kenyah]]'' ****** ''[[reo Penan ?]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kelabit]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lengilu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lundayeh]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sa'ban]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tring]]'' ****** ''[[reo Berawan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Belait]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kiput]]'' ****** [[Reo Narom|''reo Narom'']] ****** ''[[reo Tutong]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bintulu]]'' **** [[Waenganui Sarawak]] ***** ''[[reo Kajaman]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lahanan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sekapan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Daro-Matu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kanowit-Tanjong]]'' ***** ''[[reo Melanau]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bukitan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Punan Batu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sian]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ukit]]'' ***** ''[[reo Burusu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bah-Biau Punan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sajau]]'' ***** ''[[reo Punan Merap]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bukat]]'' ***** ''[[reo Seru]] †'' ***** ''[[reo Lelak]] †'' **** [[Kayanic]] ***** ''[[reo Kayan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bahau]]'' ***** ''[[reo Modang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Segai]]'' ***** ''[[reo Hovongan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Aoheng]]'' ***** ''[[reo Aput]]'' ***** ''[[reo Punan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Krio Dayak]]'' ***** ''[[reo Murik]]'' **** [[Dayak-ki-te-tuawhenua]] ***** ''[[reo Bekati']]'' ***** ''[[reo Sara]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lara']]'' ***** ''[[reo Bukar Sadong]]'' ***** ''[[reo Biatah]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tringgus]]'' ***** ''[[reo Jagoi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Jangkang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kembayan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Semandang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ribun]]'' ***** ''[[reo Benyadu']]'' ***** ''[[reo Sanggau]]'' **** Whānau Marēo–Tiama ***** [[Aceh–Chamic|Whānau Atiehe–Tiama]] ****** ''[[reo Aceh|reo Atiehe]]'' ****** ''[[reo Cham|reo Tiama]]'' ****** ''[[reo Chru]]'' ****** ''[[reo Haroi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Jarai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Rade]]'' ****** ''[[reo Roglai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tsat (Utsat)]]'' ***** Whānau Ipana–Marēo ****** [[Ngā reo Marēo]] ******* ''[[reo Marēo]]'' ******** ''[[reo Marēo Marēhia]]'' ******** ''[[reo Initonīhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Minangkabau]]'' ******* ''[[reo Brunei/Kedayan Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Bamayo]]'' ******* ''[[reo Banjar]]'' ******* ''[[reo Berau Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Bangka Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Bengkulu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Col]]'' ******* ''[[reo Duano']]'' ******* ''[[reo Haji]]'' ******* ''[[reo Jambi Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Jakun]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kedah Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[Reo Kendayan|reo Kendayan / reo Selako]] ?'' ******* ''[[reo Kutai Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kaur]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kerinci]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kelantan-Pattani Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kubu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Orang Laut]]'' ******* ''[[reo Lubu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Musi]]'' ******* ''[[reo Negeri Sembilan Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Orang Kanaq]]'' ******* ''[[reo Orang Seletar]]'' ******* ''[[reo Pahang Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Pekal]]'' ******* ''[[reo Perak Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Pontianak Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Sarawak Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Temuan]]'' ******* [[Reo Terengganu Marēhia|''reo Terengganu Marēhia'']] ******* [[Reo Urak Lawoi'|''reo Urak Lawoi''']] ******* [[Ibanic|Whānau Ipana]] ******** ''[[reo Iban|reo Ipana]]'' ******** ''[[reo Keninjal]]'' ? ******** ''[[reo Mualang]]'' ******** ''[[reo Remun]]'' ******** ''[[reo Seberuang]]'' **** ''[[Reo Seberuang|reo Hunara]]'' ''[[Reo Seberuang|(Sundanese)]]'' ***** ''[[Reo Seberuang|reo Hunara Tawhito]]'' ''[[Reo Seberuang|†]]'' (Old Sundanese) ***** ''[[Reo Seberuang|reo Baduy]]'' ***** ''[[Reo Seberuang|reo Panate]]'' ''[[Reo Seberuang|(Bantenese)]]'' ***** ''[[Reo Seberuang|reo Kirepo]]'' ''[[Reo Seberuang|(Cirebonese)]]'' **** Rejang ? ***** ''[[reo Rejang]]'' **** Moklenic ? ***** ''[[reo Moken]]'' ***** ''[[reo Moklen]]'' *** [[Barito]] **** [[Barito-ki-te-rāwhiti]] ***** Waenganui–Tonga ****** ''[[reo Dusun Deyah]]'' ****** Tonga: ******* ''[[reo Dusun Malang]]'' ******* ''[[reo Dusun Witu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Ma'anyan]]'' ******* ''[[reo Paku]]'' ***** [[reo Marakāhia]] (me [[Bushi reo ā-iwi]] i [[Mayotte]]) ***** Raki: ****** ''[[reo Lawangan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tawoyan]]'' **** [[Barito-ki-te-uru]] ***** Raki: ****** ''[[reo Kohin]]'' ****** ''[[reo Dohoi]] (Ot Danum)'' ****** ''[[reo Siang]]'' ***** Tonga: ****** ''[[reo Mendawai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bakumpai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ngaju]]'' **** [[Mahakam]] ***** ''[[reo Ampanang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tunjung]]'' **** [[Sama–Bajaw]] ***** ''[[reo Bajau-ki-te-tai-uru]]'' ****** [[Kota Belud reo ā-iwi|''Kota Belud'' ''reo ā-iwi'']] ****** ''[[Putatan reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** [[Papar reo ā-iwi|''Papar reo ā-iwi'']] ****** [[Banggi reo ā-iwi|''Banggi reo ā-iwi'']] ****** ''[[Sandakan reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Pitas reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** [[Kawang reo ā-iwi|''Kawang reo ā-iwi'']] ***** ''[[reo Initonīhia Bajau]]'' ****** ''[[Jampea reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Same’ reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Matalaang reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** [[Sulamu reo ā-iwi|''Sulamu reo ā-iwi'']] ****** [[Kajoa reo ā-iwi|''Kajoa reo ā-iwi'']] ****** [[Roti reo ā-iwi|''Roti reo ā-iwi'']] ****** [[Jaya Bakti reo ā-iwi|''Jaya Bakti reo ā-iwi'']] ****** [[Poso reo ā-iwi|''Poso reo ā-iwi'']] ****** ''[[Togian 1 reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** [[Togian 2 reo ā-iwi|''Togian 2 reo ā-iwi'']] ****** [[Wallace reo ā-iwi|''Wallace reo ā-iwi'']] ***** ''[[reo Inabaknon]]'' ***** ''[[reo Yakan]]'' ****** ''[[Yakan-ki-te-raki reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Yakan-ki-te-tonga reo ā-iwi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Pangutaran Sama]]'' ****** [[Sama Pangutaran reo ā-iwi|''Sama Pangutaran reo ā-iwi'']] ****** ''[[Sama Ubihan reo ā-iwi]] rānei a'a ubian, a'a sowang buna' reo ā-iwi'' ***** ''Sulu Sama-ki-roto rakau'' ****** ''[[Sama-ki-te-raki]]'' ******* [[Lutangan (Lutango) reo ā-iwi|''Lutangan (Lutango) reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Sibuco-Vitali (Sibuku’) reo ā-iwi|''Sibuco-Vitali (Sibuku’) reo ā-iwi'']] ''rānei sama bitali', sama nawan reo ā-iwi'' ******* [[Sibuguey (Batuan) reo ā-iwi|''Sibuguey (Batuan) reo ā-iwi'']] ******* ''Balangingireo ā-iwi'' ******* [[Daongdung (Sama Daongdong) reo ā-iwi|''Daongdung (Sama Daongdong) reo ā-iwi'']] ******* ''[[Kabinga’an reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''T[[agtabun Balangingi’ reo ā-iwi]] rānei bahasa bāngingi' (bāngingi', a'a tagtabun) reo ā-iwi'' ******* [[Tongquil Balangingi’ reo ā-iwi|''Tongquil Balangingi’ reo ā-iwi'']] ''rānei sama tongkil reo ā-iwi'' ******* [[Linungan reo ā-iwi|''Linungan reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Panigayan Balangingi’ reo ā-iwi|''Panigayan Balangingi’ reo ā-iwi'']] ''rānei bahasa balangingi' (sama bāngingi') reo ā-iwi'' ******* [[Landang-Gua’ reo ā-iwi|''Landang-Gua’ reo ā-iwi'']] ''rānei a'a landang-gua' reo ā-iwi'' ******* ''[[Mati reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''[[Kawit Balangingi’ reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* [[Karundung reo ā-iwi|''Karundung reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Pilas reo ā-iwi|''Pilas reo ā-iwi'']] ****** ''[[reo Waenganui Sama]]'' ******* ''[[Sama Deya reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''[[Sama Dilaut reo ā-iwi]] rānei sama to'ongan / sama pagūng / sama pala'u reo ā-iwi'' ******* ''[[Sama Siasi reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* [[Sama Laminusa reo ā-iwi|''Sama Laminusa reo ā-iwi'']] ******* ''[[Sama Tabawan reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* [[Sama Kaulungan reo ā-iwi|''Sama Kaulungan reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Sama Musu’ reo ā-iwi|''Sama Musu’ reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Sama Balimbing reo ā-iwi|''Sama Balimbing reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Sama Bannaran reo ā-iwi|''Sama Bannaran reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Sama Bangaw-Bangaw reo ā-iwi|''Sama Bangaw-Bangaw reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Ubihan-ki-te-tonga reo ā-iwi|''Ubihan-ki-te-tonga reo ā-iwi'']] ****** ''[[reo Sama-ki-te-tonga]]'' ******* [[Sibutu’ (Sama Sibutu) reo ā-iwi|''Sibutu’ (Sama Sibutu) reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Simunul reo ā-iwi|''Simunul reo ā-iwi'']] ''rānei sama səddopan reo ā-iwi'' ******* [[Tandubas (Tandu’-baas) reo ā-iwi|''Tandubas (Tandu’-baas) reo ā-iwi'']] ''rānei a'a tandu'-bās / a'a ungus matata reo ā-iwi'' ******* ''[[Obian reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''[[Bongao reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''[[Sitangkai reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''[[Languyan reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''[[Sapa-Sapa reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* [[Sama Pahut reo ā-iwi|''Sama Pahut reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Sama Sampulna’ reo ā-iwi|''Sama Sampulna’ reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Berau reo ā-iwi|''Berau reo ā-iwi'']] ***** ''[[reo Mapun]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bajau Sabah-ki-te-tai-uru]]'' ****** ''[[Kota Belud reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Tuaran reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Kudat reo ā-iwi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bajau Initonīhia]]'' ****** ''[[Gorontalo Torosiaje reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Popayato reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Pohuwato reo ā-iwi]]'' ** [[Waenganui Marēhia-Poronīhia]] (Central Malayo-Polynesian) *** ''[[reo Bima]]'' *** [[Sumba–Flores]] **** [[Sumba–Hawu]] ***** [[Savu]] ****** [[reo Hawu]] ****** [[reo Dhao]] ***** [[Sumba]] ****** ''[[reo Kambera]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mamboru]]'' ****** ''[[reo Anakalangu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wanukaka]]'' ****** ''[[reo Pondok]]'' ****** ''[[reo Baliledo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wejewa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lamboya]]'' ****** ''[[Reo Kodi|reo Kodi (Gaura)]]'' **** Western Flores ***** ''[[reo Komodo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Manggarai]]'' ***** ''[[reo Riung]]'' ***** ''[[reo Rembong]]'' ***** ''[[reo Rajong]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kepoʼ]]'' ***** ''[[reo Wae Rana]]'' ***** ''[[reo Palu'e]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ende]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lio]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nagé-Kéo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ngadha]]'' ***** ''[[reo Rongga]]'' ***** ''[[reo Soʼa]]'' *** [[Flores–Lembata]] **** ''[[reo Sika]]'' **** ''[[reo Kedang]]'' **** Lamaholot ***** ''[[reo Lamaholot]]'' ***** ''[[reo Alorese]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lamatuka]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lewo Eleng]]'' ***** ''[[reo Levuka]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lembata-ki-te-tonga]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lamalera]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lewotobi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Adonara]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ile Ape]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mingar]]'' *** [[Selaru]] **** ''[[reo Selaru]]'' **** ''[[reo Seluwasan]]'' *** [[Kei–Tanimbar]] ? **** ''[[reo Kei]]'' **** ''[[reo Fordata]]'' **** ''[[reo Yamdena]]'' **** ''[[reo Onin]]'' **** ''[[reo Sekar]]'' **** ''[[reo Uruangnirin]]'' *** [[Aru]] **** ''[[reo Barakai]]'' **** ''[[reo Batuley]]'' **** ''[[reo Dobel]]'' **** ''[[reo Karey]]'' **** ''[[reo Koba]]'' **** ''[[reo Kola]]'' **** ''[[reo Lola]]'' **** ''[[reo Lorang]]'' **** ''[[reo Manombai]]'' **** ''[[reo Mariri]]'' **** ''[[reo Tarangan]]'' **** ''[[reo Ujir]]'' *** [[Timoric]] **** ''[[reo Helong]]'' **** ''[[reo Tetum]]'' **** ''[[reo Uab Meto]]'' **** ''[[reo Amarasi]]'' **** Central Timor ***** ''[[reo Kemak]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tukudede]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mambai]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bekais]]'' **** Wetar–Galoli ? ***** ''[[reo Wetar]]'' ***** ''[[reo Galoli]]'' **** [[Kawaimina]] ***** [[reo Kairui]] ***** [[reo Waimoa]] ***** [[reo Midiki]] ***** [[reo Naueti]] ? ***** [[reo Habun]] ? **** Luangic–Kisaric ? ***** ''[[reo Romang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kisar]]'' ***** ''[[reo Leti]]'' ***** ''[[reo Luang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Makuva]]'' **** Rote–Meto ***** ''[[reo Bilba]]'' ***** ''[[reo Dengka]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lole]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ringgou]]'' ***** ''[[reo Dela-Oenale]]'' ***** ''[[reo Termanu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tii]]'' **** [[Babar]] ***** ''[[reo Idalaka]]'' ***** ''[[reo Damar-ki-te-uru]]'' ***** ''[[reo Dawera-Daweloor]]'' ***** ''[[reo Babar-ki-te-raki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Dai]]'' ***** ''[[reo Masela]]'' ***** ''[[reo Serili]]'' ***** ''[[reo Babar-ki-te-tonga-mā-rāwhiti]]'' ***** ''[[reo Emplawas]]'' ***** ''[[reo Imroing]]'' ***** ''[[reo Telaʼa]]'' **** Southwest Maluku ***** ''[[reo East Damar]]'' ***** ''[[reo Teun]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nila]]'' ***** ''[[reo Serua]]'' *** ''[[reo Kowiai]]'' ? *** [[Central Maluku]] **** ''[[reo Teor-Kur]]'' **** Uru ***** ''[[reo Ambelau]]'' ***** ''[[reo Buru]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lisela]]'' ***** ''[[reo Hukumina]] †'' ***** ''[[reo Moksela]] †'' ***** ''[[reo Sula]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mangole]]'' ***** ''[[reo Taliabo]]'' **** Rāwhiti ***** ''[[reo Banda]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bati]]'' ***** ''[[reo Geser]]'' ***** ''[[reo Watubela]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bobot]]'' ***** ''[[reo Masiwang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Hoti]] †'' ***** ''[[reo Benggoi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Salas]]'' ***** ''[[reo Liana]]'' ***** [[Nunusaku]] ****** ''[[reo Kayeli]] †'' ****** ''[[reo Nuaulu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Huaulu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Manusela]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wemale]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yalahatan]]'' ****** [[Piru Bay]] ? ******* ''[[reo Asilulu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Luhu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Manipa]]'' ******* ''[[reo Wakasihu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Boano]]'' ******* ''[[reo Sepa-Teluti]]'' ******* ''[[reo Paulohi]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kaibobo]]'' ******* ''[[reo Hitu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Tulehu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Laha]]'' ******* ''[[reo Seit-Kaitetu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kamarian]] †'' ******* ''[[reo Haruku]]'' ******* ''[[reo Amahai]]'' ******* ''[[reo Nusa Laut]]'' ******* ''[[reo Saparua]]'' ******* ''[[reo Latu]]'' ** [[Halmahera-ki-te-ronga-Nūkini-ki-te-uru]] (South Halmahera–West New Guinea) *** [[Moana Halmahera]] **** [[Halmahera-ki-te-tonga]] ***** Makian-ki-te-rāwhiti – Gane ****** [[Reo Gane|''reo Gane'']] (Gimán; reo-ā-iwi: Saketa) ****** [[Reo Taba|''reo Taba'']] (Makian-ki-te-rāwhiti, Makian Dalam; reo-ā-iwi: Kayoa, Southeast Makian-ki-te-tonga-mā-rāwhiti) ***** Buli ****** ''[[reo Buli]]'' (reo ā-iwi: Wayamli) ****** ''[[reo Maba]]'' (Bicoli) ****** ''[[reo Patani]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sawai]]'' (Weda) ***** ''[[reo Gebe]]'' (reo ā-iwi: Minyaifuin) **** Ambel–Biga: ***** ''[[reo Waigeo]] (Ambel)'' ***** ''[[reo Biga]]'' **** ''[[reo As]]'' **** ''[[reo Maden]]'' **** Maya–Matbat: ***** ''[[reo Matbat]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ma'ya]]'' (Salawati, Laganyan (Legenyem), Wauyai, Kawe, Batanta; perhaps distinct languages) *** [[Kokoru Cenderawasih]] **** Biakic ***** ''[[reo Biak]] (Numfor)'' ***** ''[[reo Dusner]]'' ***** ''[[reo Meoswar]]'' ***** ''[[reo Roon]]'' **** Yapen ***** Rāwhiti ****** ''[[reo Kurudu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wabo]]'' ***** Waenganui–Uru: ****** ''[[reo Ambai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ansus]]'' ****** ''[[reo Busami]]'' ****** ''[[reo Munggui]]'' ****** ''[[reo Marau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Pom]]'' ****** ''[[reo Papuma]]'' ****** ''[[reo Serui-Laut]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wandamen]]'' ****** ''[[reo Woi]]'' **** Tonga-mā-uru ***** ''[[reo Yaur–Iresim]]'' ***** ''[[reo Yeretuar]]'' *** Irarutu–Nabi **** ''[[reo Irarutu]]'' **** ''[[reo Nabi]]'' *** Bedoanas–Erokwanas ("Bomberai") **** Kei–Fordata ***** ''[[reo Kei]]'' ***** ''[[reo Fordata]]'' **** Yamdena–North Bomberai ***** ''[[reo Yamdena]]'' ***** Bomberai-ki-te-raki ****** ''[[reo Onin]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sekar]]'' ****** ''[[reo Uruangnirin]]'' Poa ēnei reo atu (Grimes & Edwards) **** [[Teor-Kur]] ***** ''[[reo Teor]] (Tio’or)'' ***** ''[[reo Kur]]'' **** Irarutu–Nabi ***** ''[[reo Irarutu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kuri]] (Nabi)'' **** Bedoanas–Erokwanas ***** ''[[reo Arguni]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bedoanas]]'' ***** ''[[reo Erokwanas]]'' *** ''[[reo Mor]]'' *** ''[[reo Tandia]]'' *** ''[[reo Waropen]]'' *** Lower Mamberamo ? (Poa i te reo-whanau Papua) **** ''[[reo Warembori]]'' **** ''[[reo Yoke]]'' * [[Marēhia-Poronīhia-ki-te-moana]] ** Admiralties me Yapese *** ''[[reo Yap]] ?'' *** Motu Admiralty **** ''[[reo Yap]] ?'' **** ''Motu Admiralty-ki-te-rāwhiti'' ***** [[Manus]] ****** Manus-ki-te-uru: ******* ''[[reo Nyindrou]]'' ******* ''[[reo Sori-Harengan]]'' ******* ''[[reo Hermit]] (†)'' ******* ''[[reo Bipi]]'' ******** ''[[reo Mondropolon]]'' ******** ''[[reo Tulu-Bohuai]]'' ******** ''[[reo Khehek]] (Drehet, Levei)'' ******** ''[[reo Likum]]'' ****** Intermediate ******* Loniu–Mokerang ******** [[Reo Loniu|''reo Loniu'']] ******** ''[[reo Mokerang]]'' ******* ''[[Pak-Tong]]'' ****** Manus-ki-te-rāwhiti: ******* ''[[reo Andra-Hus]]'' ******* ''[[reo Elu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Leipon]]'' ******* ''[[reo Papitalai]]'' ******* ''[[reo Ponam]]'' ******* Ere–Kele–Kurti ******** ''[[reo Ere]]'' ******** ''[[reo Kele]]'' ******** ''[[reo Kurti]]'' ******* Koro–Lele–Nali–Titan ******** ''[[reo Koro]]'' ******** ''[[reo Lele]]'' ******** ''[[reo Nali]]'' ******** ''[[reo Titan]]'' ***** Tonga-mā-rāwhiti ****** ''[[reo Baluan-Pam]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lenkau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lou]]'' ****** ''[[reo Nauna]]'' ****** ''[[reo Penchal]]'' **** ''Motu Admiralty-ki-te-uru'' ***** ''[[reo Kaniet-ki-te-raki]] (†)'' ***** ''[[reo Kaniet-ki-te-tonga]] (†)'' ***** ''[[reo Wuvulu-Aua]]'' ***** ''[[reo Seimat]]'' ***** ''[[reo Yap]] ?'' ***** ''[[reo Nguluwan]] ?'' ** St Matthias *** ''[[reo Mussau-Emira]]'' *** ''[[reo Tenis]]'' ** [[Moana-ki-te-uru]] *** [[Nūkini-ki-te-raki linkage]] **** ? Sarmi–Jayapura whanau ***** ''[[reo Anus]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bonggo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kayupulau]]'' ***** ''[[reo Liki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Masimasi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ormu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Podena]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kaptiau]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sobei]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tarpia]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tobati]]'' ***** ''[[reo Wakde]]'' ***** ''[[reo Yamna]]'' **** Schouten linkage ***** Siau ****** ''[[reo Arop-Sissano]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sera]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sissano]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ulau-Suain]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tumleo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yakamul]]'' ***** Kairiru ****** ''[[reo Kaiep]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kairiru]]'' ****** ''[[reo Terebu]]'' ***** Manam ****** ''[[reo Biem]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kis]]'' ****** ''[[reo Manam]]'' ****** ''[[reo Medebur]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sepa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wogeo]]'' **** [[Huon Gulf Whanau]] ***** [[Huon Gulf-ki-te-raki]] ****** ''[[reo Bukawa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kela]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yabem]]'' ***** [[Markham]] ****** ''[[reo Aribwatsa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Aribwaung]]'' ****** ''[[reo Adzera]]'' ****** ''[[reo Dangal]]'' ****** ''[[reo Duwet]]'' ****** ''[[reo Labu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Maralango]]'' ****** ''[[reo Hop (Mari)]]'' ****** ''[[reo Musom]]'' ****** ''[[reo Nafi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Silisili]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wampar]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wampur]]'' ***** [[Huon Gulf-ki-te-tonga]] ****** ''[[reo Hote]]'' ****** ''[[reo Iwal]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kapin]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kumalu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mangga Buang]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mapos Buang]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mumeng]]'' ****** ''[[reo Piu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Vehes]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yamap]]'' ***** Ētahi Atu ****** [[Reo Numbami|''reo Numbami'']] **** [[Ngero–Vitiaz linkage]] ***** Ngero ****** ''[[reo Bariai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gitua]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kove]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lusi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Malalamai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mutu]]'' ***** Bel ****** ''[[reo Awad Bing]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bilibil]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gedaged]]'' ****** ''[[reo Marik]]'' ****** ''[[reo Matukar]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mindiri]]'' ****** ''[[Reo Takiareo Wab|reo Takia]]'' ****** ''[[Reo Takiareo Wab|reo Wab]]'' ***** Bibling ****** ''[[reo Lamogai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mouk-Aria]]'' ***** Pasismanua ****** ''[[reo Aigon]]'' ****** ''[[reo Karore]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kaulong]]'' ****** ''[[reo Miu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sengseng]]'' ***** Arawe ****** ''[[reo Aiklep]]'' ****** ''[[reo Akolet]]'' ****** ''[[reo Apalik]]'' ****** ''[[reo Avau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bebeli]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gimi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lesing-Gelimi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mangseng]]'' ****** ''[[reo Solong]]'' ***** Mengen ****** ''[[reo Lote]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mamusi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mengen]]'' ***** Korap ****** ''[[reo Arop-Lukep]]'' ****** ''[[reo Karnai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Malasanga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mur Pano]]'' ***** Roinji–Nenaya ****** ''[[reo Mato]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ronji]]'' ***** Ētahi Atu ****** ''[[reo Amara]]'' ****** ''[[reo Maleu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mbula]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sio]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tami]]'' *** Meso-Melanesian linkage **** Willaumez ***** ''[[reo Bola]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bulu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Meramera]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nakanai]]'' **** Bali-Vitu ***** ''[[reo Uneapa]]'' ***** ''[[reo Vitu]]'' **** Niu Airangi–Solomonic-ki-te-raki-mā-uru ***** ''[[reo Tomoip]]'' ***** Tungag–Nalik ****** ''[[reo Kara]]'' ****** ''[[reo Laxudumau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Nalik]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tiang]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tigak]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tungag]]'' ***** Tabar ****** ''[[reo Lihir]]'' ****** ''[[reo Madara]]'' ****** ''[[reo Notsi]]'' ***** Madak ****** ''[[reo Barok]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lavatbura–Lamusong]]'' ****** ''[[reo Madak]]'' ***** St. George ****** ''[[reo Bilur]]'' ****** ''[[reo Fanamaket]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kandas]]'' ****** ''[[reo Konomala]]'' ****** ''[[reo Label]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lungalunga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Niwer Mil]]'' ****** ''[[reo Patpatar]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ramoaaina]]'' ****** ''[[reo Siar]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sursurunga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tolai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Warwar Feni]]'' ***** [[Solomonic-ki-te-raki-mā-uru]] ****** ''[[reo Hahon]]'' ****** ''[[reo Hakö]]'' ****** ''[[reo Halia]]'' ****** ''[[reo Nehan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Papapana]]'' ****** ''[[reo Petats]]'' ****** ''[[reo Saposa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Solos]]'' ****** ''[[reo Teop]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tinputz]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bannoni]]'' ****** ''[[reo Piva]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mono-Alu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Torau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Uruava]]'' ****** ''[[reo Babatana]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ririo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Varisi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Vaghua]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ghanongga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Hoava]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kusaghe]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lungga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Marovo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Nduke]]'' ****** ''[[reo Roviana]]'' ****** ''[[reo Simbo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ughele]]'' ****** ''[[reo Vangunu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Blablanga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Cheke Holo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gao]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kokota]]'' ****** ''[[reo Laghu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Zabana]]'' ****** ''[[reo Zazao]]'' *** [[Papua Tip linkage]] **** Waenganui Papua Tip linkage ***** Suauic linkage: ****** ''[[reo Buhutu]]'' ****** ''[[reo 'Auhelawa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Oya'oya]]'' ****** ''[[reo Unubahe]]'' ****** ''[[reo Saliba]]'' ****** ''[[reo Suau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bwanabwana]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wagawaga]]'' ***** Bwaidoga ****** ''[[reo Bwaidoka]]'' ****** ''[[reo Diodio]]'' ****** ''[[reo Iamalele]]'' ****** ''[[reo Iduna]]'' ****** ''[[reo Koluwawa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Maiadomu]]'' ***** Dobu–Duau ****** ''[[reo Bunama]]'' ****** ''[[reo Boselewa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Dobu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Duau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Galeya]]'' ****** ''[[reo Molima]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mwatebu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sewa Bay]]'' ***** Kakabai ****** ''[[reo Dawawa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kakabai]]'' ***** Are ****** ''[[reo Are]]'' ****** ''[[reo Arifama-Miniafia]]'' ****** ''[[reo Doga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gapapaiwa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ghayavi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kaninuwa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ubir]]'' ***** Taupota ****** ''[[reo Gweda]]'' ****** ''[[reo Haigwai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Maiwala]]'' ****** ''[[reo Minaveha]]'' ****** ''[[reo Taupota]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tawala]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yakaikeke]]'' ***** Ētahi Atu ****** ''[[reo Anuki]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gumawana]]'' **** Central Papuan Tip ***** Oumic ****** ''[[reo Bina]]'' ****** ''[[reo Magori]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ouma]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yoba]]'' ***** Sinagoro–Keapara ****** ''[[reo Keapara]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sinaugoro]]'' ***** Waenganui-ki-te-uru ****** ''[[reo Abadi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kuni]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lala]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mekeo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Motu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Toura]]'' ****** ''[[reo Waima]]'' **** Ētahi Atu Papua Tip ***** Kilivila–Misima ****** ''[[reo Budibud]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kilivila]]'' ****** ''[[reo Misima]]'' ****** ''[[reo Muyuw]]'' ***** Nimoa–Sudest ****** ''[[reo Nimoa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sudest]]'' ** Temotu *** ''[[reo Amba]]'' *** ''[[reo Asubuo]]'' *** ''[[reo Äiwoo]]'' *** ''[[reo Lovono]]'' *** ''[[reo Nanggu]]'' *** ''[[reo Natügu]]'' *** ''[[reo Tanema]]'' *** ''[[reo Tanimbili]]'' *** ''[[reo Teanu]]'' ** Solomons-ki-te-tonga-mā-rāwhiti *** ''[[reo 'Are'are]]'' *** ''[[reo Arosi]]'' *** ''[[reo Baeggu]]'' *** ''[[reo Baelelea]]'' *** ''[[reo Bauro]]'' *** ''[[reo Birao]]'' *** ''[[reo Bughotu]]'' *** ''[[reo Dori'o]]'' *** ''[[reo Fagani]]'' *** ''[[reo Fataleka]]'' *** ''[[reo Gela]]'' *** ''[[reo Ghari]]'' *** ''[[reo Gula'alaa]]'' *** ''[[reo Kahua]]'' *** ''[[reo Kwaio]]'' *** ''[[reo Kwara'ae]]'' *** ''[[reo Lau]]'' *** ''[[reo Lengo]]'' *** ''[[reo Longgu]]'' *** ''[[reo Malango]]'' *** ''[[reo Oroha]]'' *** ''[[reo Owa]]'' *** ''[[reo Sa'a]]'' *** ''[[reo Talise]]'' *** ''[[reo To’abaita]]'' *** ''[[reo Wala]]'' ** [[Moana-ki-te-tonga]] *** [[Whenuatū-ki-te-raki]] **** [[Torres–Banks]] ***** ''[[reo Hiw]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lo-Toga]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lehali]]'' ***** ''[[reo Löyöp]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mwotlap]]'' ***** ''[[reo Volow]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lemerig]]'' ***** ''[[reo Vera’a]]'' ***** ''[[reo Vurës]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mwesen]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mota]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nume]]'' ***** ''[[reo Dorig]]'' ***** ''[[reo Koro]]'' ***** ''[[reo Olrat]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lakon]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mwerlap]]'' **** Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost-ki-te-raki ***** ''[[reo Sun̄wadia]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sun̄wadaga]]'' ***** ''[[reo Baetora]]'' ***** ''[[reo Duidui]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ambae-ki-te-raki-mā-rāwhiti]]'' ***** ''[[reo Raga]]'' **** Pentecost-ki-te-tonga ***** ''[[reo Ske]]'' ***** ''[[reo Apma]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sa]]'' **** [[Espiritu Santo]] ***** ''[[reo Valpei]] ([[reo Nokuku]])'' ***** ''[[reo Tolomako]]'' ***** ''[[reo Wusi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Akei]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tasiriki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tangoa]]'' ***** ''[[reo Araki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tiale]]'' ***** ''[[reo Merei]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kiai]]'' ***** ''[[reo M̈av̈ea]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tutuba]]'' ***** ''[[reo Aore]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tamambo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mores]]'' ***** ''[[reo Shark Bay]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sakao]]'' *** [[Waenganui-ki-te-tonga Moana]] (Nuclear Southern Oceanic) **** [[Waenganui Whenuatū]] ***** ''[[reo Malakula-ki-te-raki-mā-rāwhiti]]'' ***** ''[[reo Vao]]'' ***** ''[[reo Vovo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mpotovoro]]'' ***** ''[[reo Dirak]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kokoru Malua]]'' ***** ''[[reo V’ënen Taut]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tape]]'' ***** ''[[reo Larevat]]'' ***** ''[[reo Neve’ei]]'' ***** ''[[reo Naman]]'' ***** ''[[reo Navava]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nevwervwer]]'' ***** ''[[reo Unua]]'' ***** ''[[reo Pangkumu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Banam Bay]]'' ***** ''[[reo Aulua]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lendamboi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nasarian]]'' ***** ''[[reo Axamb]]'' ***** ''[[reo Avok]]'' ***** ''[[reo Maskelynes]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sandwich Wāpu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sinesip]]'' ***** ''[[reo Naha’ai]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ninde]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ambrym-ki-te-raki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ambrym-ki-te-uru]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ambrym-ki-te-tonga]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lewo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lamen]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bierebo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Baki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mkir]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bieria]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nakanamanga]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nguna]]'' ***** ''[[reo Namakir]]'' ***** ''[[reo Efate-ki-te-tonga]]'' **** Whenuatū-ki-te-tonga ***** ''[[reo Aneityum]]'' ***** Erromango ****** ''[[Reo Erromangan|reo Sie / reo Erromangan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sorung]] †'' ****** ''[[reo Ifo]] (Utaha) †'' ****** ''[[reo Ura]]'' ***** Tanna ****** [[Reo Kwamera|''reo Kwamera (Tanna-ki-te-tonga)'']] ****** [[Reo Tanna-ki-te-tonga-mā-uru|''reo Tanna-ki-te-tonga-mā-uru'']] ****** ''[[Reo Lenakel|reo Lenakel (Tanna-ki-te-uru)]]'' ****** ''[[reo Whitesands (Tanna-ki-te-rāwhiti)]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tanna-ki-te-raki]]'' **** Loyalties–Niu Karetōnia ***** Motu Loyalty ****** ''[[reo Drehu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Iaai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Nengone]]'' ***** Niu Karetōnia ****** Niu Karetōnia-ki-te-tonga ******* ''[[reo Ndrumbea]]'' ******* ''[[reo Numèè]]'' ******* ''[[reo Xârâcùù]]'' ******* ''[[reo Xârâgurè]]'' ******* ''[[reo Tîrî]]'' ******* ''[[reo Zire]] †'' ******* ''[[reo Ajië]]'' ******* ''[[reo Arhö]]'' ******* ''[[reo Arhâ]]'' ******* ''[[reo Neku]]'' ******* ''[[reo Orowe]]'' ****** Niu Karetōnia-ki-te-raki ******* ''[[reo Vamale]]'' ******* ''[[reo Haveke]]'' ******* ''[[reo Haeke]]'' ******* ''[[reo Cèmuhî]]'' ******* ''[[reo Paicî]]'' ******* ''[[reo Pwaamei]]'' ******* ''[[reo Pwapwa]]'' ******* ''[[reo Bwatoo]]'' ******* ''[[reo Hmwaveke]]'' ******* ''[[reo Waamwang]]'' ******* ''[[reo Fwâi]]'' ******* ''[[reo Jawe]]'' ******* ''[[reo Nemi]]'' ******* ''[[reo Pije]]'' ******* ''[[reo Caac]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kumak]]'' ******* ''[[reo Yuanga]]'' ******* ''[[reo Nyâlayu]]'' ** [[Ngā reo Maikoronihia|Maikoronihia]] *** [[Reo Nauru|''reo Nauru'']] *** Waenganui Maikoronihia **** ''[[reo Kosraean]]'' **** ''[[reo Kiribati]]'' **** ''[[reo Māhara]]'' **** [[Chuukic–Pohnpeic]] ***** [[Chuukic]] ****** ''[[reo Sonsorol]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tobian]]'' ****** ''[[reo Chuukese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Woleaian]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ulithian]]'' ****** ''[[reo Puluwatese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Namonuito]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tanapag]]'' ****** ''[[reo Carolinian]]'' ****** ''[[reo Satawalese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mortlockese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Pááfang]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mapia]] †'' ***** [[Pohnpeic]] ****** ''[[reo Mokilese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Pingelapese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Pohnpeian]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ngatikese]]'' ** [[Waenganui reo-a-Kiwa]] ** Uru *** ''[[reo Rotuman]]'' *** ''[[reo Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua]]'' *** [[reo Waia|''reo Waia'']] ''(Wayan)'' ** Rāwhiti *** [[reo Whītī]] *** [[reo Gone Dau]] *** [[reo Lauan]] *** [[reo Lomaiviti]] *** Ngā [[reo Poronīhia]] **** [[Waenganui Poronīhia]] ***** ''[[reo Tuvalua]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sikaiana]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ontong Java]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nukumanu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Takū]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nuguria]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kapingamarangi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nukuoro]]'' ***** ''[[reo Pukapukan]]'' ***** Hāmoa ****** [[reo Hāmoa|''reo Hāmoa'']] ****** ''[[reo Tokerau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Niuatoputapu]] †'' ***** Rāwhiti ****** ''[[reo Hawaii]]'' ****** ''[[reo Marquesan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mangarevan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tahiti]]'' ****** ''[[reo Austral]]'' ****** ''[[reo Rapa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tuamotu]]'' ****** [[reo Māori Kuki Airani|''reo Māori Kuki Airani'']] ****** ''[[reo Rakahanga-Manihiki]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tongareva]]'' ****** ''[[reo Māori]]'' ******* ''[[reo Moriori]] †'' ****** ''[[reo Rapa Nui]]'' ***** Futunic ****** ''[[reo Wallis]] (Uvean-ki-te-rāwhiti)'' ****** [[Reo Uvean-ki-te-uru|''reo Uvean-ki-te-uru'']] ****** ''[[reo Futuna]] (East Futuna-ki-te-rāwhiti)'' ****** ''[[reo Futuna-Aniwa]] (Futuna-ki-te-uru)'' ****** ''[[reo Pukapuka]]'' ****** ''[[reo Anuta]]'' ****** ''[[reo Rennellese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tikopia]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mele-Fila]]'' ****** ''[[reo Emae]]'' **** Tongic ***** [[reo Tonga]] ***** [[reo Niuafoʻou]] (on Niuafoʻou Island, Tonga) ***** [[reo Niuē]] == Tohutoro == <references/> [[Category:Reo]] oskqd54x2pw2lsethfe1tltrvypn5ci 167447 167445 2026-04-26T04:07:34Z TautauKarepe 22930 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/167445|167445]] by [[Special:Contributions/Snnssiizsnakwiksznzhipps|Snnssiizsnakwiksznzhipps]] ([[User talk:Snnssiizsnakwiksznzhipps|talk]]) 167447 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Te mapi o ngā reo ahiteronīhia.png|thumb|'''Te mapi o ngā reo ahiteronīhia''']] Ko '''ngā reo Ahiteronīhia''' te kahui reo nunui o te ao, a koia tonu te matapuna o te [[reo Māori]]. 1268 ngā reo o tenei kahui i korerohia mai i [[Marakāhia]] i te uru, tae atu ki [[Moutere Aranga|Rapanui]] ki te rāwhiti, ko ngā moutere o [[Initonīhia]] kei waenganui. Ko te matapuna o tenei iwi e kia nei ko ngā reo Ahiteronīhia ko te motu o Whoromoha ([[Taiwana]]). I ahu mai etehi tāngata no [[Āhia]] ki Taiwana i ngā tau 10,000-6000 B.C, a na te wehenga i era atu iwi ka puta mai he reo hou me ngā tikanga.<ref>(Blust,1988)</ref>. Tēnā pea na te whakarea o te iwi ka timata mai i ngā tau 5000-2500 B.C. te marere o te iwi nei ki whenua ke. Tuatahi ki ngā [[Piripīni]], katahi ka toro atu ki ngā moutere o [[Motu Sulawesi|Sulawesi]], o [[Motu Poronio|Poronio]], o [[Motu Maluku|Maluku]] me [[Motu Java|Java]]. Mai i Maluku ka huri ngā waka ki te Moananui a Kiwa mai i ngā tau 1200 B.C. ki 500 B.C. Ko etehi atu ka huri te ihu o te waka ki te ra-to tae atu ki Sumatra, ki te kuititanga o [[Marēhia]] me te tai tonga o [[Whitināmu]]. Ka whakawhiti ano tetehi waka i te Moananui o [[Īnia]] tae atu ki Marakāhia I te tau 1000 B.C. pea ka tae atu etehi o enei ki Savaii me era atu o ngā moutere e kia nei o ngai tatou te Iwi Māori. == Ahurea == Ma te whakatauriterite i ngā tikanga me te taritari i te reo me rangahau ka tuhurahura etehi wahanga o te ahurea o ratou ngā tūpuna onamata. Ko te hapu te mana whakahaere o te iwi reo-a-Kiwa nei, he whai rangatira no te taha wahine. Ka whai ano ratou i te tikanga o te tuakana, taina. He iwi whakatere waka, a kāore e kore kei a ratou te putake o te matauranga tatai arorangi me te whakatere waka. Ko te matu o te whakaaro ko te purua tanga ara ko te Rangi me te whenua, ara ko te rere ki uta ko te rere ki tai. He kiri waituhi to ngā tāngata nei, a ka tuhi ano te kiri o te uku me era atu o ngā taputapu. == Te Marara Reo == E toru pea ngā wehenga ki to te kahui reo nei ara te reo Whoromoha, te [[reo Marēo]] me te reo o te Moananui a Kiwa. Ko Foromosa te mea tawhito i korerohia e ngā tāngata whenua o Taiwana, kei reira e noho tonu ana etehi uri ki uta. Ko te reo Marēhia me ngā reo o Te Moananui a Kiwa he reo kotahi. Ara i te wehenga i ngā moutere o Maluka ka haere etehi ki te uru ko ratou ngā tāngata Marēhia, ka haere etehi ki te rawhiti ki te Moananui a Kiwa. Ko ngā tāngata Marēhia hoki ratou e haere tawhiti atu ki Marakāhia I te taenga mai o ngā tāngata-a-Kiwa ki ngā moutere tata ki Āhia ka tuponohia tetehi iwi ke ara ko Ngā Papua, he tangata hema, kiri pango. Ka moea ngā iwi e rua nei a ko ngā uri ko te iwi e kia nei ko Ngai Lapita ara ko ngā tūpuna o tatou ngā uri o Hawaiki. Ko ngā me atata ki Papua ko ngā Melanesian ko ngā mea a puta atu ki te Moananui a Kiwa ko ngai tatou o Poronīhia. Ko Etehi ka huri ki ngā motupapatea a ka moea ano ngā uri o Piripīni kia puta ngā uri o Maikoronihia. == Ngā whānau reo == === ''[[reo Rukai]]'' ([[Rukai|Iwi Rukai]]): ngā reo ā-iwi o Mantauran, Tona, me Maga === === [[Ngā reo Tsou]] ([[Tsou|Iwi Tsou]]) === * [[reo Tsou|''reo Tsou'']] * Tsou-ki-te-tonga ** [[Reo Kanakanavu|''reo Kanakanavu'']] ** [[Reo Saaroa|''reo Saaroa'']] === ''[[reo Puaiuma]] (Puyuma)'' === === [[Whoromoha-ki-te-raki-mā-uru]] (Northwest Formosan) === * [[reo Saisiyat:]] ngā reo ā-iwi o Taai me Tungho * [[reo Pazeh]] me [[reo Kulun]] === [[Mānia-ki-te-uru]] (Western Plains) === * [[reo Tawa]] ([[Iwi Thao]]) <abbr>rānei</abbr> reo Sao: ngā reo ā-iwi o Brawbaw me Shtafari [[Waenganui Mānia-ki-te-uru]] (Central Western Plains) * [[reo Babuza]]; [[reo Favorlang tawhito]]: ngā reo ā-iwi o Taokas me Poavosa * [[reo Papora-Hoanya]]: ngā reo ā-iwi o Papora me Hoanya === [[Ataiara]] (Atayalic) === * [[reo Ataiara]] (Atayal) * [[reo Seediq]] rānei reo Truku / reo Taroko === [[Whoromoha-ki-te-rāwhiti]] (East Formosan) === * [[Ngā reo Kavalanic]] (raki) ** [[reo Basay]]: ngā reo ā-iwi o Trobiawa me Linaw-Qauqaut ** [[reo Kavalan]] ** [[reo Ketagalan]], rānei reo Ketangala * Waenganui ([[Reo Ami|Ami]]) ** [[reo Ami]] (Amis) ** [[reo Sakizaya]] * [[reo Siraya]] === ''[[reo Bunun]]'' === === ''[[reo Paiwana]] (Paiwan)'' === === [[Marēhia-Poronīhia]] (Malayo-Polynesian) === * [[Marēhia-Poronīhia-ki-te-uru]] (Western Malayo-Polynesian) ** [[Ngā reo Piripīni]] (Philippine) *** [[Ngā reo Batanic]] (Batanic) **** [[Reo Yami|''reo Yami'']] (rānei reo Tao) i [[Motu Orchid]] ***** [[Imurud reo ā-iwi|''Imurud reo ā-iwi'']] ***** [[Iraralay reo ā-iwi|''Iraralay reo ā-iwi'']] ***** [[Iranumilek reo ā-iwi|''Iranumilek reo ā-iwi'']] **** [[Reo Itbayat|''reo'' ''Itbayat'']] i [[Motu Itbayat]] **** ''[[reo Ivatan]]'' ***** [[Ivasay reo ā-iwi|''Ivasay'' ''reo ā-iwi'']] (= Basco Ivatan) i [[Motu Batan]] ***** [[Isamurung reo ā-iwi|''Isamurung'' ''reo ā-iwi'']] (= Ivatan-ki-te-tonga) i Motu Batan (wāhanga-ki-te-tonga), Sabtang **** [[reo Ibatan]] (rānei reo Babuyan) i [[Ngā Motu Babuyan]] *** [[Luzon-ki-te-raki]] (Northern Luzon) **** ''[[reo Ilocano]]'' **** [[Ngā reo Cagayan Valley]] ***** ''[[reo Isnag]]'' ***** [[Ngā reo Ibanagic]] ****** ''[[reo Atta]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ibanag]]'' ****** ''[[reo Itawis]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yogad]]'' ***** [[Ngā reo Gaddang-Cagayan]] ****** ''[[reo Waenganui Cagayan Agta]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gaddang]]'' ****** ''[[reo ā-iwi Ga'dang]]'' **** [[Ngā reo Meso-Cordilleran]] ***** ''[[reo Alta-ki-te-raki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Alta-ki-te-tonga]]'' ***** Ngā reo waenganui-ki-te-tonga Cordilleran ****** [[Ngā reo waenganui Cordilleran]] ******* ''[[reo Isinai]]'' ******* Ngā reo waenganui-ki-te-raki Cordilleran ******** Ngā reo Kalinga-Itneg ********* ''[[reo Itneg]]'' ********* ''[[reo Kalinga]]'' ******** Waenganui Cordilleran ********* ''[[reo Ifugao]]'' ********* ''[[reo Balangao]]'' ********* Bontok-Kankanaey ********** ''[[reo Bontok-Finallig]]'' ********** ''[[reo Kankanaey]]'' ******** [[Cordilleran-ki-te-tonga]] ********* ''[[reo Bugkalot]]'' ********* Cordilleran-ki-te-tonga-mā-uru ********** ''[[reo Pangasinan]]'' ********** Waenganui-ki-te-tonga Cordilleran *********** ''[[reo Ibaloi]]'' *********** ''[[reo Iwaak]]'' *********** ''[[reo Kallahan]]'' *********** ''[[reo Karao]]'' **** [[Luzon-ki-te-raki-mā-rāwhiti]] (Northeastern Luzon) ***** ''[[reo Dupaningan Agta]]'' ***** (Waenganui) ****** ''[[reo Dinapigue Agta]]'' ****** ''[[reo Casiguran Agta]]'', ''[[reo Nagtipunan Agta]]'' ****** ''[[reo Pahanan Agta]]'', ''[[reo Paranan]]'' **** ''[[reo Dicamay Agta]]'' **** ''[[reo Arta]]'' *** [[Waenganui Luzon]] (Central Luzon) **** ''[[reo Kapampangan]]'' **** [[Sambalic]] ***** ''[[reo Abellen]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ambala]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bolinao]]'' ***** ''[[reo Botolan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mag-antsi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mag-indi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mariveleño]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sambali]]'' **** ''[[reo Sinauna]]'' *** [[Mangyan-ki-te-raki]] (North Mangyan) **** ''[[reo Alangan]]'' **** ''[[reo Iraya]]'' **** ''[[reo Tadyawan]]'' *** [[Reo Umiray Dumaget|''reo Umiray Dumaget'']] *** [[Ngā reo Manide-Alabat]] (Manide–Alabat) **** [[reo Manide]] **** [[reo Alabat]] *** [[Ngā reo Waenganui Piripīni Nui Atu]] (Greater Central Philippine) **** [[Waenganui Piripīni]] (Central Philippine) ***** ''[[reo Tagalog]]'' ***** [[Bikol]] ****** [[Bikol-ki-te-moana]] (Coastal Bikol) ******* ''[[reo Isarog Agta]]'' ******* ''[[reo Maunga Iraya Agta]]'' (Mount Iraya Agta) ******* ''[[reo Waenganui Bikol]]'' (Central Bikol) ******** ''[[Canaman reo ā-iwi]]'' (ōkawa) ******** ''[[Naga Tāone reo ā-iwi]]'' (Naga City) ******** ''Partido reo ā-iwi'' ******** ''Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon (TLS) reo ā-iwi'' ******** ''Daet reo ā-iwi'' ******* ''[[reo Catanduanes Bikol-ki-te-tonga]]'' (Southern Catanduanes Bikol) ****** [[Inland Bikol-ki-te-tuawhenua]] (Inland Bikol) ******* ''[[reo Maunga Iriga Agta]]'' (Mount Iriga Agta language) ******* [[Albay Bikol]] ******** reo Buhinon ******** reo Libon ******** reo Miraya-ki-te-uru (West Miraya) ******** reo Miraya-ki-te-rāwhiti (East Miraya) ******* ''[[reo Rinconada Bikol]]'' ******** ''Sinabukid reo ā-iwi'' ********* ''Agta reo ā-iwi'' ********* ''Iriga reo ā-iwi'' (ōkawa) ******** ''Sinaranəw reo ā-iwi'' ********* ''Baao reo ā-iwi'' ********* ''Bato reo ā-iwi'' ********* ''Bula–Pili reo ā-iwi'' ********* ''Nabua–Balatan reo ā-iwi'' ****** [[Reo Pandan Bikol|''reo Pandan Bikol'']] ***** [[Mansakan]] ****** ''[[reo Dabawenyo]]'' ****** Mandayan ******* ''[[reo Mansaka]]'' ******* ''[[reo Mandaya]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kamayo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kalagan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mamanwa]]'' ***** [[Bisayan]] ****** ''[[reo Asi]]'' ****** [[reo Hepu]] (Cebuan) ****** Waenganui Bisayan ******* ''[[reo Warai]] (Waray)'' ******* ''[[reo Paiapaiango]]'' (Baybayanon) ******* ''[[reo Kapariango]] (Kabalian)'' ******* ''[[reo Hilikaingo]]'' (Hiligaynon) ******* ''[[reo Kapihingo]]'' (Capiznon) ******* ''[[reo Romopuromango]]'' (Romblomanon) ******* ''[[reo Panataiango]]'' (Bantayanon) ******* ''[[reo Porohango]]'' (Porohanon) ******* ''[[reo Ati]]'' ******* ''[[reo Mahapatengo]]'' (Masbateño) ******* ''[[reo Horohokongo-ki-te-tonga]]'' (Southern Sorsogon) ******* ''[[reo Horohokongo-ki-te-raki]]'' (Northern Sorsogon) ****** Bisayan-ki-te-uru ******* ''[[reo Kuiongo]]'' (Cuyonon) ******* ''[[reo Karuiango]]'' (Caluyanon) ******* ''[[reo Akarango]]'' (Aklanon) ******* ''[[reo Karaia]]'' (Karay-a) ******* ''[[reo Inonohango]]'' (Inonhan) ******* ''[[reo Ratakango]]'' (Ratagnon) ****** Bisayan-ki-te-tonga ******* ''[[reo Hurikaongo]]'' (Surigaonon) ******* ''[[reo Putuango]]'' (Butuanon) ******* ''[[reo Tauhungo]]'' (Tausug) **** [[Mangyan-ki-te-tonga]] (South Mangyan) ***** ''[[reo Buhid]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tawbuid]]'' ***** ''[[reo Hanunoko]]'' (Hanuno'o) **** [[Palawanic]] ***** [[Palawano]] ****** reo Quezon Palawano rānei reo Central Palawano / reo Brooke's Point Palawano ****** reo Bugsuk Palawano reo ā-iwi rānei reo Palawano-ki-te-tonga ****** Palawano-ki-te-tonga-mā-uru ***** ''[[reo Aborlan Tagbanwa]]'' ***** ''[[reo Waenganui Tagbanwa]]'' (kāore [[Kalamian Tagbanwa]]) ***** ''[[reo Batak]]'' (kāore [[Ngā reo Batak]]) ***** ''[[reo Taukutu Patu]]'' (Tau't Batu) ***** ''[[reo Molbog]]?'' **** [[Subanen]] ***** Subanen-ki-te-uru ****** ''[[reo Subanen-ki-te-uru]]'' ****** ''Kolibugan-ki-te-uru'' ***** Waenganui Subanen ****** Waenganui-ki-te-uru ******* ''Tawlet-Kalibugan Subanen'' ******* ''Salug-Godod Subanen'' ****** Waenganui-ki-te-rāwhiti ******* ''Subanen-ki-te-tonga'' ******* ''Waenganui Subanen'' ******* ''Subanen-ki-te-raki'' ******* ''Subanen-ki-te-rāwhiti'' **** [[Danao]] ***** ''[[reo Iranun]]'' ***** ''[[reo Maguindanao]]'' ***** ''[[reo Maranao]]'' **** [[Manobo]] ***** Manobo-ki-te-raki ****** ''[[reo Cagayano]]'' (o te [[Motu Cagayancillo]]) ****** ''[[reo Kinamigin]]'' (o te [[Motu Camiguin]]), ''[[reo Binukid]]'' (o waenganui Mindanao) ***** (Waenganui) ****** Manobo-ki-te-tonga ******* ''[[reo Tagabawa]]'' ******* ''[[reo Sarangani Manobo]]'' ******* ''[[reo Tasaday]]'', ''[[reo Cotabato Manobo]]'' ****** Manobo-ki-te-rāwhiti, uru me waenganui ******* Uru ******** ''[[reo Obo]]'' ******** ''[[reo Ilianen]] Manobo'' ******** ''[[reo Bukidnon-ki-te-uru]] Manobo'', ''Livunganen'' (a dialect spoken in [[Libungan]], north of [[Midsayap]], Cotabato) ******* Rāwhiti-waenganui ******** Rāwhiti ********* ''[[reo Agusan]] Manobo'' ********* ''[[reo Dibabawon]] Manobo'' ******** Waenganui ********* ''[[reo Ata]] o Davao'' ********* ''[[reo Matig Salug]]'', ''Tigwa Manobo'' **** [[Gorontalo–Mongondow]] ***** Gorontalic ****** ''[[reo Bolango]]'' ****** ''[[reo Buol]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bintauna]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gorontalo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kaidipang]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lolak]]'' ****** ''[[reo Suwawa]]'' ***** Mongondowic ****** ''[[reo Mongondow]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ponosakan]]'' *** [[Reo Ati|''reo Ati'']] *** [[Ngā reo Kalamian]] (Kalamian) **** ''[[reo Agutaynen]]'' **** ''[[reo Calamian Tagbanwa]]'' *** [[Mindanao-ki-te-tonga]] (South Mindanao) **** ''[[reo Buhid]]'' **** ''[[reo Hanunoo]]'' **** ''[[reo Tawbuid]]'' *** [[Reo Klata|''reo Klata'']] *** [[Ngā reo Minahasan]] (Minahasan) **** [[reo Tombulu]] **** [[reo Tondano]] **** [[reo Tonsawang]] **** [[reo Tonsea]] **** [[reo Tontemboan]] *** [[Ngā reo Sangiric]] (Sangiric) **** ''[[reo Bantik]]'' **** ''[[reo Ratahan]]'' **** ''[[reo Sangirese]]'' **** ''[[reo Talaud]]'' ** [[Poronio-ki-te-raki me Barito]] (North Bornean + Barito) *** [[Poronio-ki-te-raki nui]] **** Poronio-ki-te-raki ***** [[Sabah-ki-te-raki-mā-rāwhiti]] ****** ''[[reo Ida'an]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bonggi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Molbog]] ?'' ***** [[Sabah-ki-te-tonga-mā-uru]] ****** Dusunic Nui ******* Bisaya–Lotud ******** ''[[reo Brunei Bisaya]]'' ******** ''[[reo Lotud]]'' ******* [[Dusunic]] ******** ''[[reo Kadazandusun]]'' ********* ''[[reo Waenganui Dusun]]'' ********* ''[[reo Kadazan-ki-te-Uta]]'' ******** ''[[reo Kuijau]]'' ******** ''[[reo Kadazan-ki-te-rāwhiti]]'' ******** ''[[reo Kota Marudu Talantang]]'' ******** [[Reo Rungus|''reo Rungus'' / reo Momogun]] ******** ''[[reo Klias Awa Kadazan]]'' ******* [[Paitanic]] ******** ''[[reo Tombonuwo]]'' ******** ''[[reo Kinabatangan]]'' ******** ''[[reo Abai Sungai]]'' ******** ''[[reo Serudung]]'' ****** Greater Murutic ******* ''[[reo Tatana]]'' ? ******* ''[[reo Papar]]'' ******* [[Murutic]] ******** ''[[reo Tagol]]'' ******** ''[[reoTimugon]]'' ******** ''[[reo Keningau]]'' ******** ''[[reo Selungai]]'' ******** ''[[reo Sembakung]]'' ******** ''[[reo Baukan]]'' ******** ''[[reo Okolod]]'' ******** ''[[reo Paluan]]'' ******** ''[[reo Gana']]'' ******** ''[[reo Kalabakan]]'' ******** ''[[reo Nonukan Tidong]]'' ******** ''[[reo Sesayap Tidong]]'' ***** [[Sarawak-ki-te-raki]] ****** [[Reo Kenyah|''reo Kenyah / reo Bakung'']] ****** ''[[reo Sebob]]'' ****** [[Reo Tutoh|''reo Tutoh'']] ****** ''[[reo Uma' Lasan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wahau Kenyah]]'' ****** ''[[reo Penan ?]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kelabit]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lengilu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lundayeh]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sa'ban]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tring]]'' ****** ''[[reo Berawan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Belait]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kiput]]'' ****** [[Reo Narom|''reo Narom'']] ****** ''[[reo Tutong]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bintulu]]'' **** [[Waenganui Sarawak]] ***** ''[[reo Kajaman]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lahanan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sekapan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Daro-Matu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kanowit-Tanjong]]'' ***** ''[[reo Melanau]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bukitan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Punan Batu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sian]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ukit]]'' ***** ''[[reo Burusu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bah-Biau Punan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sajau]]'' ***** ''[[reo Punan Merap]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bukat]]'' ***** ''[[reo Seru]] †'' ***** ''[[reo Lelak]] †'' **** [[Kayanic]] ***** ''[[reo Kayan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bahau]]'' ***** ''[[reo Modang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Segai]]'' ***** ''[[reo Hovongan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Aoheng]]'' ***** ''[[reo Aput]]'' ***** ''[[reo Punan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Krio Dayak]]'' ***** ''[[reo Murik]]'' **** [[Dayak-ki-te-tuawhenua]] ***** ''[[reo Bekati']]'' ***** ''[[reo Sara]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lara']]'' ***** ''[[reo Bukar Sadong]]'' ***** ''[[reo Biatah]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tringgus]]'' ***** ''[[reo Jagoi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Jangkang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kembayan]]'' ***** ''[[reo Semandang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ribun]]'' ***** ''[[reo Benyadu']]'' ***** ''[[reo Sanggau]]'' **** Whānau Marēo–Tiama ***** [[Aceh–Chamic|Whānau Atiehe–Tiama]] ****** ''[[reo Aceh|reo Atiehe]]'' ****** ''[[reo Cham|reo Tiama]]'' ****** ''[[reo Chru]]'' ****** ''[[reo Haroi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Jarai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Rade]]'' ****** ''[[reo Roglai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tsat (Utsat)]]'' ***** Whānau Ipana–Marēo ****** [[Ngā reo Marēo]] ******* ''[[reo Marēo]]'' ******** ''[[reo Marēo Marēhia]]'' ******** ''[[reo Initonīhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Minangkabau]]'' ******* ''[[reo Brunei/Kedayan Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Bamayo]]'' ******* ''[[reo Banjar]]'' ******* ''[[reo Berau Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Bangka Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Bengkulu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Col]]'' ******* ''[[reo Duano']]'' ******* ''[[reo Haji]]'' ******* ''[[reo Jambi Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Jakun]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kedah Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[Reo Kendayan|reo Kendayan / reo Selako]] ?'' ******* ''[[reo Kutai Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kaur]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kerinci]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kelantan-Pattani Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kubu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Orang Laut]]'' ******* ''[[reo Lubu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Musi]]'' ******* ''[[reo Negeri Sembilan Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Orang Kanaq]]'' ******* ''[[reo Orang Seletar]]'' ******* ''[[reo Pahang Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Pekal]]'' ******* ''[[reo Perak Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Pontianak Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Sarawak Marēhia]]'' ******* ''[[reo Temuan]]'' ******* [[Reo Terengganu Marēhia|''reo Terengganu Marēhia'']] ******* [[Reo Urak Lawoi'|''reo Urak Lawoi''']] ******* [[Ibanic|Whānau Ipana]] ******** ''[[reo Iban|reo Ipana]]'' ******** ''[[reo Keninjal]]'' ? ******** ''[[reo Mualang]]'' ******** ''[[reo Remun]]'' ******** ''[[reo Seberuang]]'' **** ''[[Reo Seberuang|reo Hunara]]'' ''[[Reo Seberuang|(Sundanese)]]'' ***** ''[[Reo Seberuang|reo Hunara Tawhito]]'' ''[[Reo Seberuang|†]]'' (Old Sundanese) ***** ''[[Reo Seberuang|reo Baduy]]'' ***** ''[[Reo Seberuang|reo Panate]]'' ''[[Reo Seberuang|(Bantenese)]]'' ***** ''[[Reo Seberuang|reo Kirepo]]'' ''[[Reo Seberuang|(Cirebonese)]]'' **** Rejang ? ***** ''[[reo Rejang]]'' **** Moklenic ? ***** ''[[reo Moken]]'' ***** ''[[reo Moklen]]'' *** [[Barito]] **** [[Barito-ki-te-rāwhiti]] ***** Waenganui–Tonga ****** ''[[reo Dusun Deyah]]'' ****** Tonga: ******* ''[[reo Dusun Malang]]'' ******* ''[[reo Dusun Witu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Ma'anyan]]'' ******* ''[[reo Paku]]'' ***** [[reo Marakāhia]] (me [[Bushi reo ā-iwi]] i [[Mayotte]]) ***** Raki: ****** ''[[reo Lawangan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tawoyan]]'' **** [[Barito-ki-te-uru]] ***** Raki: ****** ''[[reo Kohin]]'' ****** ''[[reo Dohoi]] (Ot Danum)'' ****** ''[[reo Siang]]'' ***** Tonga: ****** ''[[reo Mendawai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bakumpai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ngaju]]'' **** [[Mahakam]] ***** ''[[reo Ampanang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tunjung]]'' **** [[Sama–Bajaw]] ***** ''[[reo Bajau-ki-te-tai-uru]]'' ****** [[Kota Belud reo ā-iwi|''Kota Belud'' ''reo ā-iwi'']] ****** ''[[Putatan reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** [[Papar reo ā-iwi|''Papar reo ā-iwi'']] ****** [[Banggi reo ā-iwi|''Banggi reo ā-iwi'']] ****** ''[[Sandakan reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Pitas reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** [[Kawang reo ā-iwi|''Kawang reo ā-iwi'']] ***** ''[[reo Initonīhia Bajau]]'' ****** ''[[Jampea reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Same’ reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Matalaang reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** [[Sulamu reo ā-iwi|''Sulamu reo ā-iwi'']] ****** [[Kajoa reo ā-iwi|''Kajoa reo ā-iwi'']] ****** [[Roti reo ā-iwi|''Roti reo ā-iwi'']] ****** [[Jaya Bakti reo ā-iwi|''Jaya Bakti reo ā-iwi'']] ****** [[Poso reo ā-iwi|''Poso reo ā-iwi'']] ****** ''[[Togian 1 reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** [[Togian 2 reo ā-iwi|''Togian 2 reo ā-iwi'']] ****** [[Wallace reo ā-iwi|''Wallace reo ā-iwi'']] ***** ''[[reo Inabaknon]]'' ***** ''[[reo Yakan]]'' ****** ''[[Yakan-ki-te-raki reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Yakan-ki-te-tonga reo ā-iwi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Pangutaran Sama]]'' ****** [[Sama Pangutaran reo ā-iwi|''Sama Pangutaran reo ā-iwi'']] ****** ''[[Sama Ubihan reo ā-iwi]] rānei a'a ubian, a'a sowang buna' reo ā-iwi'' ***** ''Sulu Sama-ki-roto rakau'' ****** ''[[Sama-ki-te-raki]]'' ******* [[Lutangan (Lutango) reo ā-iwi|''Lutangan (Lutango) reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Sibuco-Vitali (Sibuku’) reo ā-iwi|''Sibuco-Vitali (Sibuku’) reo ā-iwi'']] ''rānei sama bitali', sama nawan reo ā-iwi'' ******* [[Sibuguey (Batuan) reo ā-iwi|''Sibuguey (Batuan) reo ā-iwi'']] ******* ''Balangingireo ā-iwi'' ******* [[Daongdung (Sama Daongdong) reo ā-iwi|''Daongdung (Sama Daongdong) reo ā-iwi'']] ******* ''[[Kabinga’an reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''T[[agtabun Balangingi’ reo ā-iwi]] rānei bahasa bāngingi' (bāngingi', a'a tagtabun) reo ā-iwi'' ******* [[Tongquil Balangingi’ reo ā-iwi|''Tongquil Balangingi’ reo ā-iwi'']] ''rānei sama tongkil reo ā-iwi'' ******* [[Linungan reo ā-iwi|''Linungan reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Panigayan Balangingi’ reo ā-iwi|''Panigayan Balangingi’ reo ā-iwi'']] ''rānei bahasa balangingi' (sama bāngingi') reo ā-iwi'' ******* [[Landang-Gua’ reo ā-iwi|''Landang-Gua’ reo ā-iwi'']] ''rānei a'a landang-gua' reo ā-iwi'' ******* ''[[Mati reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''[[Kawit Balangingi’ reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* [[Karundung reo ā-iwi|''Karundung reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Pilas reo ā-iwi|''Pilas reo ā-iwi'']] ****** ''[[reo Waenganui Sama]]'' ******* ''[[Sama Deya reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''[[Sama Dilaut reo ā-iwi]] rānei sama to'ongan / sama pagūng / sama pala'u reo ā-iwi'' ******* ''[[Sama Siasi reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* [[Sama Laminusa reo ā-iwi|''Sama Laminusa reo ā-iwi'']] ******* ''[[Sama Tabawan reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* [[Sama Kaulungan reo ā-iwi|''Sama Kaulungan reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Sama Musu’ reo ā-iwi|''Sama Musu’ reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Sama Balimbing reo ā-iwi|''Sama Balimbing reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Sama Bannaran reo ā-iwi|''Sama Bannaran reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Sama Bangaw-Bangaw reo ā-iwi|''Sama Bangaw-Bangaw reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Ubihan-ki-te-tonga reo ā-iwi|''Ubihan-ki-te-tonga reo ā-iwi'']] ****** ''[[reo Sama-ki-te-tonga]]'' ******* [[Sibutu’ (Sama Sibutu) reo ā-iwi|''Sibutu’ (Sama Sibutu) reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Simunul reo ā-iwi|''Simunul reo ā-iwi'']] ''rānei sama səddopan reo ā-iwi'' ******* [[Tandubas (Tandu’-baas) reo ā-iwi|''Tandubas (Tandu’-baas) reo ā-iwi'']] ''rānei a'a tandu'-bās / a'a ungus matata reo ā-iwi'' ******* ''[[Obian reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''[[Bongao reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''[[Sitangkai reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''[[Languyan reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* ''[[Sapa-Sapa reo ā-iwi]]'' ******* [[Sama Pahut reo ā-iwi|''Sama Pahut reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Sama Sampulna’ reo ā-iwi|''Sama Sampulna’ reo ā-iwi'']] ******* [[Berau reo ā-iwi|''Berau reo ā-iwi'']] ***** ''[[reo Mapun]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bajau Sabah-ki-te-tai-uru]]'' ****** ''[[Kota Belud reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Tuaran reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Kudat reo ā-iwi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bajau Initonīhia]]'' ****** ''[[Gorontalo Torosiaje reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Popayato reo ā-iwi]]'' ****** ''[[Pohuwato reo ā-iwi]]'' ** [[Waenganui Marēhia-Poronīhia]] (Central Malayo-Polynesian) *** ''[[reo Bima]]'' *** [[Sumba–Flores]] **** [[Sumba–Hawu]] ***** [[Savu]] ****** [[reo Hawu]] ****** [[reo Dhao]] ***** [[Sumba]] ****** ''[[reo Kambera]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mamboru]]'' ****** ''[[reo Anakalangu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wanukaka]]'' ****** ''[[reo Pondok]]'' ****** ''[[reo Baliledo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wejewa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lamboya]]'' ****** ''[[Reo Kodi|reo Kodi (Gaura)]]'' **** Western Flores ***** ''[[reo Komodo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Manggarai]]'' ***** ''[[reo Riung]]'' ***** ''[[reo Rembong]]'' ***** ''[[reo Rajong]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kepoʼ]]'' ***** ''[[reo Wae Rana]]'' ***** ''[[reo Palu'e]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ende]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lio]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nagé-Kéo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ngadha]]'' ***** ''[[reo Rongga]]'' ***** ''[[reo Soʼa]]'' *** [[Flores–Lembata]] **** ''[[reo Sika]]'' **** ''[[reo Kedang]]'' **** Lamaholot ***** ''[[reo Lamaholot]]'' ***** ''[[reo Alorese]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lamatuka]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lewo Eleng]]'' ***** ''[[reo Levuka]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lembata-ki-te-tonga]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lamalera]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lewotobi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Adonara]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ile Ape]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mingar]]'' *** [[Selaru]] **** ''[[reo Selaru]]'' **** ''[[reo Seluwasan]]'' *** [[Kei–Tanimbar]] ? **** ''[[reo Kei]]'' **** ''[[reo Fordata]]'' **** ''[[reo Yamdena]]'' **** ''[[reo Onin]]'' **** ''[[reo Sekar]]'' **** ''[[reo Uruangnirin]]'' *** [[Aru]] **** ''[[reo Barakai]]'' **** ''[[reo Batuley]]'' **** ''[[reo Dobel]]'' **** ''[[reo Karey]]'' **** ''[[reo Koba]]'' **** ''[[reo Kola]]'' **** ''[[reo Lola]]'' **** ''[[reo Lorang]]'' **** ''[[reo Manombai]]'' **** ''[[reo Mariri]]'' **** ''[[reo Tarangan]]'' **** ''[[reo Ujir]]'' *** [[Timoric]] **** ''[[reo Helong]]'' **** ''[[reo Tetum]]'' **** ''[[reo Uab Meto]]'' **** ''[[reo Amarasi]]'' **** Central Timor ***** ''[[reo Kemak]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tukudede]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mambai]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bekais]]'' **** Wetar–Galoli ? ***** ''[[reo Wetar]]'' ***** ''[[reo Galoli]]'' **** [[Kawaimina]] ***** [[reo Kairui]] ***** [[reo Waimoa]] ***** [[reo Midiki]] ***** [[reo Naueti]] ? ***** [[reo Habun]] ? **** Luangic–Kisaric ? ***** ''[[reo Romang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kisar]]'' ***** ''[[reo Leti]]'' ***** ''[[reo Luang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Makuva]]'' **** Rote–Meto ***** ''[[reo Bilba]]'' ***** ''[[reo Dengka]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lole]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ringgou]]'' ***** ''[[reo Dela-Oenale]]'' ***** ''[[reo Termanu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tii]]'' **** [[Babar]] ***** ''[[reo Idalaka]]'' ***** ''[[reo Damar-ki-te-uru]]'' ***** ''[[reo Dawera-Daweloor]]'' ***** ''[[reo Babar-ki-te-raki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Dai]]'' ***** ''[[reo Masela]]'' ***** ''[[reo Serili]]'' ***** ''[[reo Babar-ki-te-tonga-mā-rāwhiti]]'' ***** ''[[reo Emplawas]]'' ***** ''[[reo Imroing]]'' ***** ''[[reo Telaʼa]]'' **** Southwest Maluku ***** ''[[reo East Damar]]'' ***** ''[[reo Teun]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nila]]'' ***** ''[[reo Serua]]'' *** ''[[reo Kowiai]]'' ? *** [[Central Maluku]] **** ''[[reo Teor-Kur]]'' **** Uru ***** ''[[reo Ambelau]]'' ***** ''[[reo Buru]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lisela]]'' ***** ''[[reo Hukumina]] †'' ***** ''[[reo Moksela]] †'' ***** ''[[reo Sula]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mangole]]'' ***** ''[[reo Taliabo]]'' **** Rāwhiti ***** ''[[reo Banda]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bati]]'' ***** ''[[reo Geser]]'' ***** ''[[reo Watubela]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bobot]]'' ***** ''[[reo Masiwang]]'' ***** ''[[reo Hoti]] †'' ***** ''[[reo Benggoi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Salas]]'' ***** ''[[reo Liana]]'' ***** [[Nunusaku]] ****** ''[[reo Kayeli]] †'' ****** ''[[reo Nuaulu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Huaulu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Manusela]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wemale]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yalahatan]]'' ****** [[Piru Bay]] ? ******* ''[[reo Asilulu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Luhu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Manipa]]'' ******* ''[[reo Wakasihu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Boano]]'' ******* ''[[reo Sepa-Teluti]]'' ******* ''[[reo Paulohi]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kaibobo]]'' ******* ''[[reo Hitu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Tulehu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Laha]]'' ******* ''[[reo Seit-Kaitetu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kamarian]] †'' ******* ''[[reo Haruku]]'' ******* ''[[reo Amahai]]'' ******* ''[[reo Nusa Laut]]'' ******* ''[[reo Saparua]]'' ******* ''[[reo Latu]]'' ** [[Halmahera-ki-te-ronga-Nūkini-ki-te-uru]] (South Halmahera–West New Guinea) *** [[Moana Halmahera]] **** [[Halmahera-ki-te-tonga]] ***** Makian-ki-te-rāwhiti – Gane ****** [[Reo Gane|''reo Gane'']] (Gimán; reo-ā-iwi: Saketa) ****** [[Reo Taba|''reo Taba'']] (Makian-ki-te-rāwhiti, Makian Dalam; reo-ā-iwi: Kayoa, Southeast Makian-ki-te-tonga-mā-rāwhiti) ***** Buli ****** ''[[reo Buli]]'' (reo ā-iwi: Wayamli) ****** ''[[reo Maba]]'' (Bicoli) ****** ''[[reo Patani]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sawai]]'' (Weda) ***** ''[[reo Gebe]]'' (reo ā-iwi: Minyaifuin) **** Ambel–Biga: ***** ''[[reo Waigeo]] (Ambel)'' ***** ''[[reo Biga]]'' **** ''[[reo As]]'' **** ''[[reo Maden]]'' **** Maya–Matbat: ***** ''[[reo Matbat]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ma'ya]]'' (Salawati, Laganyan (Legenyem), Wauyai, Kawe, Batanta; perhaps distinct languages) *** [[Kokoru Cenderawasih]] **** Biakic ***** ''[[reo Biak]] (Numfor)'' ***** ''[[reo Dusner]]'' ***** ''[[reo Meoswar]]'' ***** ''[[reo Roon]]'' **** Yapen ***** Rāwhiti ****** ''[[reo Kurudu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wabo]]'' ***** Waenganui–Uru: ****** ''[[reo Ambai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ansus]]'' ****** ''[[reo Busami]]'' ****** ''[[reo Munggui]]'' ****** ''[[reo Marau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Pom]]'' ****** ''[[reo Papuma]]'' ****** ''[[reo Serui-Laut]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wandamen]]'' ****** ''[[reo Woi]]'' **** Tonga-mā-uru ***** ''[[reo Yaur–Iresim]]'' ***** ''[[reo Yeretuar]]'' *** Irarutu–Nabi **** ''[[reo Irarutu]]'' **** ''[[reo Nabi]]'' *** Bedoanas–Erokwanas ("Bomberai") **** Kei–Fordata ***** ''[[reo Kei]]'' ***** ''[[reo Fordata]]'' **** Yamdena–North Bomberai ***** ''[[reo Yamdena]]'' ***** Bomberai-ki-te-raki ****** ''[[reo Onin]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sekar]]'' ****** ''[[reo Uruangnirin]]'' Poa ēnei reo atu (Grimes & Edwards) **** [[Teor-Kur]] ***** ''[[reo Teor]] (Tio’or)'' ***** ''[[reo Kur]]'' **** Irarutu–Nabi ***** ''[[reo Irarutu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kuri]] (Nabi)'' **** Bedoanas–Erokwanas ***** ''[[reo Arguni]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bedoanas]]'' ***** ''[[reo Erokwanas]]'' *** ''[[reo Mor]]'' *** ''[[reo Tandia]]'' *** ''[[reo Waropen]]'' *** Lower Mamberamo ? (Poa i te reo-whanau Papua) **** ''[[reo Warembori]]'' **** ''[[reo Yoke]]'' * [[Marēhia-Poronīhia-ki-te-moana]] ** Admiralties me Yapese *** ''[[reo Yap]] ?'' *** Motu Admiralty **** ''[[reo Yap]] ?'' **** ''Motu Admiralty-ki-te-rāwhiti'' ***** [[Manus]] ****** Manus-ki-te-uru: ******* ''[[reo Nyindrou]]'' ******* ''[[reo Sori-Harengan]]'' ******* ''[[reo Hermit]] (†)'' ******* ''[[reo Bipi]]'' ******** ''[[reo Mondropolon]]'' ******** ''[[reo Tulu-Bohuai]]'' ******** ''[[reo Khehek]] (Drehet, Levei)'' ******** ''[[reo Likum]]'' ****** Intermediate ******* Loniu–Mokerang ******** [[Reo Loniu|''reo Loniu'']] ******** ''[[reo Mokerang]]'' ******* ''[[Pak-Tong]]'' ****** Manus-ki-te-rāwhiti: ******* ''[[reo Andra-Hus]]'' ******* ''[[reo Elu]]'' ******* ''[[reo Leipon]]'' ******* ''[[reo Papitalai]]'' ******* ''[[reo Ponam]]'' ******* Ere–Kele–Kurti ******** ''[[reo Ere]]'' ******** ''[[reo Kele]]'' ******** ''[[reo Kurti]]'' ******* Koro–Lele–Nali–Titan ******** ''[[reo Koro]]'' ******** ''[[reo Lele]]'' ******** ''[[reo Nali]]'' ******** ''[[reo Titan]]'' ***** Tonga-mā-rāwhiti ****** ''[[reo Baluan-Pam]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lenkau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lou]]'' ****** ''[[reo Nauna]]'' ****** ''[[reo Penchal]]'' **** ''Motu Admiralty-ki-te-uru'' ***** ''[[reo Kaniet-ki-te-raki]] (†)'' ***** ''[[reo Kaniet-ki-te-tonga]] (†)'' ***** ''[[reo Wuvulu-Aua]]'' ***** ''[[reo Seimat]]'' ***** ''[[reo Yap]] ?'' ***** ''[[reo Nguluwan]] ?'' ** St Matthias *** ''[[reo Mussau-Emira]]'' *** ''[[reo Tenis]]'' ** [[Moana-ki-te-uru]] *** [[Nūkini-ki-te-raki linkage]] **** ? Sarmi–Jayapura whanau ***** ''[[reo Anus]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bonggo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kayupulau]]'' ***** ''[[reo Liki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Masimasi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ormu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Podena]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kaptiau]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sobei]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tarpia]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tobati]]'' ***** ''[[reo Wakde]]'' ***** ''[[reo Yamna]]'' **** Schouten linkage ***** Siau ****** ''[[reo Arop-Sissano]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sera]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sissano]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ulau-Suain]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tumleo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yakamul]]'' ***** Kairiru ****** ''[[reo Kaiep]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kairiru]]'' ****** ''[[reo Terebu]]'' ***** Manam ****** ''[[reo Biem]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kis]]'' ****** ''[[reo Manam]]'' ****** ''[[reo Medebur]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sepa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wogeo]]'' **** [[Huon Gulf Whanau]] ***** [[Huon Gulf-ki-te-raki]] ****** ''[[reo Bukawa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kela]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yabem]]'' ***** [[Markham]] ****** ''[[reo Aribwatsa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Aribwaung]]'' ****** ''[[reo Adzera]]'' ****** ''[[reo Dangal]]'' ****** ''[[reo Duwet]]'' ****** ''[[reo Labu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Maralango]]'' ****** ''[[reo Hop (Mari)]]'' ****** ''[[reo Musom]]'' ****** ''[[reo Nafi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Silisili]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wampar]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wampur]]'' ***** [[Huon Gulf-ki-te-tonga]] ****** ''[[reo Hote]]'' ****** ''[[reo Iwal]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kapin]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kumalu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mangga Buang]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mapos Buang]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mumeng]]'' ****** ''[[reo Piu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Vehes]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yamap]]'' ***** Ētahi Atu ****** [[Reo Numbami|''reo Numbami'']] **** [[Ngero–Vitiaz linkage]] ***** Ngero ****** ''[[reo Bariai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gitua]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kove]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lusi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Malalamai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mutu]]'' ***** Bel ****** ''[[reo Awad Bing]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bilibil]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gedaged]]'' ****** ''[[reo Marik]]'' ****** ''[[reo Matukar]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mindiri]]'' ****** ''[[Reo Takiareo Wab|reo Takia]]'' ****** ''[[Reo Takiareo Wab|reo Wab]]'' ***** Bibling ****** ''[[reo Lamogai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mouk-Aria]]'' ***** Pasismanua ****** ''[[reo Aigon]]'' ****** ''[[reo Karore]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kaulong]]'' ****** ''[[reo Miu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sengseng]]'' ***** Arawe ****** ''[[reo Aiklep]]'' ****** ''[[reo Akolet]]'' ****** ''[[reo Apalik]]'' ****** ''[[reo Avau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bebeli]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gimi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lesing-Gelimi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mangseng]]'' ****** ''[[reo Solong]]'' ***** Mengen ****** ''[[reo Lote]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mamusi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mengen]]'' ***** Korap ****** ''[[reo Arop-Lukep]]'' ****** ''[[reo Karnai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Malasanga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mur Pano]]'' ***** Roinji–Nenaya ****** ''[[reo Mato]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ronji]]'' ***** Ētahi Atu ****** ''[[reo Amara]]'' ****** ''[[reo Maleu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mbula]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sio]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tami]]'' *** Meso-Melanesian linkage **** Willaumez ***** ''[[reo Bola]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bulu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Meramera]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nakanai]]'' **** Bali-Vitu ***** ''[[reo Uneapa]]'' ***** ''[[reo Vitu]]'' **** Niu Airangi–Solomonic-ki-te-raki-mā-uru ***** ''[[reo Tomoip]]'' ***** Tungag–Nalik ****** ''[[reo Kara]]'' ****** ''[[reo Laxudumau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Nalik]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tiang]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tigak]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tungag]]'' ***** Tabar ****** ''[[reo Lihir]]'' ****** ''[[reo Madara]]'' ****** ''[[reo Notsi]]'' ***** Madak ****** ''[[reo Barok]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lavatbura–Lamusong]]'' ****** ''[[reo Madak]]'' ***** St. George ****** ''[[reo Bilur]]'' ****** ''[[reo Fanamaket]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kandas]]'' ****** ''[[reo Konomala]]'' ****** ''[[reo Label]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lungalunga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Niwer Mil]]'' ****** ''[[reo Patpatar]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ramoaaina]]'' ****** ''[[reo Siar]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sursurunga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tolai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Warwar Feni]]'' ***** [[Solomonic-ki-te-raki-mā-uru]] ****** ''[[reo Hahon]]'' ****** ''[[reo Hakö]]'' ****** ''[[reo Halia]]'' ****** ''[[reo Nehan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Papapana]]'' ****** ''[[reo Petats]]'' ****** ''[[reo Saposa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Solos]]'' ****** ''[[reo Teop]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tinputz]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bannoni]]'' ****** ''[[reo Piva]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mono-Alu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Torau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Uruava]]'' ****** ''[[reo Babatana]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ririo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Varisi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Vaghua]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ghanongga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Hoava]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kusaghe]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lungga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Marovo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Nduke]]'' ****** ''[[reo Roviana]]'' ****** ''[[reo Simbo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ughele]]'' ****** ''[[reo Vangunu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Blablanga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Cheke Holo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gao]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kokota]]'' ****** ''[[reo Laghu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Zabana]]'' ****** ''[[reo Zazao]]'' *** [[Papua Tip linkage]] **** Waenganui Papua Tip linkage ***** Suauic linkage: ****** ''[[reo Buhutu]]'' ****** ''[[reo 'Auhelawa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Oya'oya]]'' ****** ''[[reo Unubahe]]'' ****** ''[[reo Saliba]]'' ****** ''[[reo Suau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Bwanabwana]]'' ****** ''[[reo Wagawaga]]'' ***** Bwaidoga ****** ''[[reo Bwaidoka]]'' ****** ''[[reo Diodio]]'' ****** ''[[reo Iamalele]]'' ****** ''[[reo Iduna]]'' ****** ''[[reo Koluwawa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Maiadomu]]'' ***** Dobu–Duau ****** ''[[reo Bunama]]'' ****** ''[[reo Boselewa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Dobu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Duau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Galeya]]'' ****** ''[[reo Molima]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mwatebu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sewa Bay]]'' ***** Kakabai ****** ''[[reo Dawawa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kakabai]]'' ***** Are ****** ''[[reo Are]]'' ****** ''[[reo Arifama-Miniafia]]'' ****** ''[[reo Doga]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gapapaiwa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ghayavi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kaninuwa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ubir]]'' ***** Taupota ****** ''[[reo Gweda]]'' ****** ''[[reo Haigwai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Maiwala]]'' ****** ''[[reo Minaveha]]'' ****** ''[[reo Taupota]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tawala]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yakaikeke]]'' ***** Ētahi Atu ****** ''[[reo Anuki]]'' ****** ''[[reo Gumawana]]'' **** Central Papuan Tip ***** Oumic ****** ''[[reo Bina]]'' ****** ''[[reo Magori]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ouma]]'' ****** ''[[reo Yoba]]'' ***** Sinagoro–Keapara ****** ''[[reo Keapara]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sinaugoro]]'' ***** Waenganui-ki-te-uru ****** ''[[reo Abadi]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kuni]]'' ****** ''[[reo Lala]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mekeo]]'' ****** ''[[reo Motu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Toura]]'' ****** ''[[reo Waima]]'' **** Ētahi Atu Papua Tip ***** Kilivila–Misima ****** ''[[reo Budibud]]'' ****** ''[[reo Kilivila]]'' ****** ''[[reo Misima]]'' ****** ''[[reo Muyuw]]'' ***** Nimoa–Sudest ****** ''[[reo Nimoa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sudest]]'' ** Temotu *** ''[[reo Amba]]'' *** ''[[reo Asubuo]]'' *** ''[[reo Äiwoo]]'' *** ''[[reo Lovono]]'' *** ''[[reo Nanggu]]'' *** ''[[reo Natügu]]'' *** ''[[reo Tanema]]'' *** ''[[reo Tanimbili]]'' *** ''[[reo Teanu]]'' ** Solomons-ki-te-tonga-mā-rāwhiti *** ''[[reo 'Are'are]]'' *** ''[[reo Arosi]]'' *** ''[[reo Baeggu]]'' *** ''[[reo Baelelea]]'' *** ''[[reo Bauro]]'' *** ''[[reo Birao]]'' *** ''[[reo Bughotu]]'' *** ''[[reo Dori'o]]'' *** ''[[reo Fagani]]'' *** ''[[reo Fataleka]]'' *** ''[[reo Gela]]'' *** ''[[reo Ghari]]'' *** ''[[reo Gula'alaa]]'' *** ''[[reo Kahua]]'' *** ''[[reo Kwaio]]'' *** ''[[reo Kwara'ae]]'' *** ''[[reo Lau]]'' *** ''[[reo Lengo]]'' *** ''[[reo Longgu]]'' *** ''[[reo Malango]]'' *** ''[[reo Oroha]]'' *** ''[[reo Owa]]'' *** ''[[reo Sa'a]]'' *** ''[[reo Talise]]'' *** ''[[reo To’abaita]]'' *** ''[[reo Wala]]'' ** [[Moana-ki-te-tonga]] *** [[Whenuatū-ki-te-raki]] **** [[Torres–Banks]] ***** ''[[reo Hiw]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lo-Toga]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lehali]]'' ***** ''[[reo Löyöp]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mwotlap]]'' ***** ''[[reo Volow]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lemerig]]'' ***** ''[[reo Vera’a]]'' ***** ''[[reo Vurës]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mwesen]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mota]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nume]]'' ***** ''[[reo Dorig]]'' ***** ''[[reo Koro]]'' ***** ''[[reo Olrat]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lakon]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mwerlap]]'' **** Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost-ki-te-raki ***** ''[[reo Sun̄wadia]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sun̄wadaga]]'' ***** ''[[reo Baetora]]'' ***** ''[[reo Duidui]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ambae-ki-te-raki-mā-rāwhiti]]'' ***** ''[[reo Raga]]'' **** Pentecost-ki-te-tonga ***** ''[[reo Ske]]'' ***** ''[[reo Apma]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sa]]'' **** [[Espiritu Santo]] ***** ''[[reo Valpei]] ([[reo Nokuku]])'' ***** ''[[reo Tolomako]]'' ***** ''[[reo Wusi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Akei]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tasiriki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tangoa]]'' ***** ''[[reo Araki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tiale]]'' ***** ''[[reo Merei]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kiai]]'' ***** ''[[reo M̈av̈ea]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tutuba]]'' ***** ''[[reo Aore]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tamambo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mores]]'' ***** ''[[reo Shark Bay]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sakao]]'' *** [[Waenganui-ki-te-tonga Moana]] (Nuclear Southern Oceanic) **** [[Waenganui Whenuatū]] ***** ''[[reo Malakula-ki-te-raki-mā-rāwhiti]]'' ***** ''[[reo Vao]]'' ***** ''[[reo Vovo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mpotovoro]]'' ***** ''[[reo Dirak]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kokoru Malua]]'' ***** ''[[reo V’ënen Taut]]'' ***** ''[[reo Tape]]'' ***** ''[[reo Larevat]]'' ***** ''[[reo Neve’ei]]'' ***** ''[[reo Naman]]'' ***** ''[[reo Navava]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nevwervwer]]'' ***** ''[[reo Unua]]'' ***** ''[[reo Pangkumu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Banam Bay]]'' ***** ''[[reo Aulua]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lendamboi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nasarian]]'' ***** ''[[reo Axamb]]'' ***** ''[[reo Avok]]'' ***** ''[[reo Maskelynes]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sandwich Wāpu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sinesip]]'' ***** ''[[reo Naha’ai]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ninde]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ambrym-ki-te-raki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ambrym-ki-te-uru]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ambrym-ki-te-tonga]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lewo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Lamen]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bierebo]]'' ***** ''[[reo Baki]]'' ***** ''[[reo Mkir]]'' ***** ''[[reo Bieria]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nakanamanga]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nguna]]'' ***** ''[[reo Namakir]]'' ***** ''[[reo Efate-ki-te-tonga]]'' **** Whenuatū-ki-te-tonga ***** ''[[reo Aneityum]]'' ***** Erromango ****** ''[[Reo Erromangan|reo Sie / reo Erromangan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Sorung]] †'' ****** ''[[reo Ifo]] (Utaha) †'' ****** ''[[reo Ura]]'' ***** Tanna ****** [[Reo Kwamera|''reo Kwamera (Tanna-ki-te-tonga)'']] ****** [[Reo Tanna-ki-te-tonga-mā-uru|''reo Tanna-ki-te-tonga-mā-uru'']] ****** ''[[Reo Lenakel|reo Lenakel (Tanna-ki-te-uru)]]'' ****** ''[[reo Whitesands (Tanna-ki-te-rāwhiti)]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tanna-ki-te-raki]]'' **** Loyalties–Niu Karetōnia ***** Motu Loyalty ****** ''[[reo Drehu]]'' ****** ''[[reo Iaai]]'' ****** ''[[reo Nengone]]'' ***** Niu Karetōnia ****** Niu Karetōnia-ki-te-tonga ******* ''[[reo Ndrumbea]]'' ******* ''[[reo Numèè]]'' ******* ''[[reo Xârâcùù]]'' ******* ''[[reo Xârâgurè]]'' ******* ''[[reo Tîrî]]'' ******* ''[[reo Zire]] †'' ******* ''[[reo Ajië]]'' ******* ''[[reo Arhö]]'' ******* ''[[reo Arhâ]]'' ******* ''[[reo Neku]]'' ******* ''[[reo Orowe]]'' ****** Niu Karetōnia-ki-te-raki ******* ''[[reo Vamale]]'' ******* ''[[reo Haveke]]'' ******* ''[[reo Haeke]]'' ******* ''[[reo Cèmuhî]]'' ******* ''[[reo Paicî]]'' ******* ''[[reo Pwaamei]]'' ******* ''[[reo Pwapwa]]'' ******* ''[[reo Bwatoo]]'' ******* ''[[reo Hmwaveke]]'' ******* ''[[reo Waamwang]]'' ******* ''[[reo Fwâi]]'' ******* ''[[reo Jawe]]'' ******* ''[[reo Nemi]]'' ******* ''[[reo Pije]]'' ******* ''[[reo Caac]]'' ******* ''[[reo Kumak]]'' ******* ''[[reo Yuanga]]'' ******* ''[[reo Nyâlayu]]'' ** [[Ngā reo Maikoronihia|Maikoronihia]] *** [[Reo Nauru|''reo Nauru'']] *** Waenganui Maikoronihia **** ''[[reo Kosraean]]'' **** ''[[reo Kiribati]]'' **** ''[[reo Māhara]]'' **** [[Chuukic–Pohnpeic]] ***** [[Chuukic]] ****** ''[[reo Sonsorol]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tobian]]'' ****** ''[[reo Chuukese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Woleaian]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ulithian]]'' ****** ''[[reo Puluwatese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Namonuito]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tanapag]]'' ****** ''[[reo Carolinian]]'' ****** ''[[reo Satawalese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mortlockese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Pááfang]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mapia]] †'' ***** [[Pohnpeic]] ****** ''[[reo Mokilese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Pingelapese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Pohnpeian]]'' ****** ''[[reo Ngatikese]]'' ** [[Waenganui reo-a-Kiwa]] ** Uru *** ''[[reo Rotuman]]'' *** ''[[reo Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua]]'' *** [[reo Waia|''reo Waia'']] ''(Wayan)'' ** Rāwhiti *** [[reo Whītī]] *** [[reo Gone Dau]] *** [[reo Lauan]] *** [[reo Lomaiviti]] *** Ngā [[reo Poronīhia]] **** [[Waenganui Poronīhia]] ***** ''[[reo Tuvalua]]'' ***** ''[[reo Sikaiana]]'' ***** ''[[reo Ontong Java]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nukumanu]]'' ***** ''[[reo Takū]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nuguria]]'' ***** ''[[reo Kapingamarangi]]'' ***** ''[[reo Nukuoro]]'' ***** ''[[reo Pukapukan]]'' ***** Hāmoa ****** [[reo Hāmoa|''reo Hāmoa'']] ****** ''[[reo Tokerau]]'' ****** ''[[reo Niuatoputapu]] †'' ***** Rāwhiti ****** ''[[reo Hawaii]]'' ****** ''[[reo Marquesan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mangarevan]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tahiti]]'' ****** ''[[reo Austral]]'' ****** ''[[reo Rapa]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tuamotu]]'' ****** [[reo Māori Kuki Airani|''reo Māori Kuki Airani'']] ****** ''[[reo Rakahanga-Manihiki]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tongareva]]'' ****** ''[[reo Māori]]'' ******* ''[[reo Moriori]] †'' ****** ''[[reo Rapa Nui]]'' ***** Futunic ****** ''[[reo Wallis]] (Uvean-ki-te-rāwhiti)'' ****** [[Reo Uvean-ki-te-uru|''reo Uvean-ki-te-uru'']] ****** ''[[reo Futuna]] (East Futuna-ki-te-rāwhiti)'' ****** ''[[reo Futuna-Aniwa]] (Futuna-ki-te-uru)'' ****** ''[[reo Pukapuka]]'' ****** ''[[reo Anuta]]'' ****** ''[[reo Rennellese]]'' ****** ''[[reo Tikopia]]'' ****** ''[[reo Mele-Fila]]'' ****** ''[[reo Emae]]'' **** Tongic ***** [[reo Tonga]] ***** [[reo Niuafoʻou]] (on Niuafoʻou Island, Tonga) ***** [[reo Niuē]] == Tohutoro == <references/> [[Category:Reo]] qfj80uuqexgrvznpfdbzjmtctitgjhw Apia 0 13074 167450 164195 2026-04-26T05:48:29Z TautauKarepe 22930 tohutō 167450 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Samoa Tourism Office, Apia, 2009.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Te whare o te Tari tūruhi ki Apia]] Ko '''Apia''' te [[tāone matua]] o [[Hāmoa]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paclii.org/ws/legis/consol_act/tca1963317/ |work=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute |title=Samoa Territorial Constituencies Act 1963 |accessdate=6 Hānuere, 2009 |archivedate=2011-06-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605081449/http://www.paclii.org/ws/legis/consol_act/tca1963317/ }}</ref> ki te tai tokerau o te moutere [[Upolu]]. He 37,708 (2006) ngā tāngata e noho i roto o te tāone katoa.<ref name=pop>{{cite web |url=http://www.sbs.gov.ws/Portals/138/PDF/census%20survey/Table%202.%20Population%20byregion,%20faipule%20district%202006.pdf |work=Samoa Bureau of Statistics |title=Population and Housing Census Report 2006 |date=July 2008 |accessdate=6 Hānuere, 2009 |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721230100/http://www.sbs.gov.ws/Portals/138/PDF/census%20survey/Table%202.%20Population%20byregion%2C%20faipule%20district%202006.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tohutoro == <references/> {{Maramara}} {{Commonscat|Samoa}} [[Category:Hāmoa]] [[Category:Porinīhia]] 4lejvzn7stf4ye886t58g3vdun193mg Minoru Shibuya 0 17347 167448 153015 2026-04-26T04:11:38Z TautauKarepe 22930 tohutō 167448 wikitext text/x-wiki Ko Minoru Shibuya (Shibuya Minoru, 2 Hānuere 1907 – 20 Tīhema 1980) he kaiwhakahaere kiriata Hapanihi. 9rpurej12r4tjtjeong728kbn1zzngy