ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯢꯗ

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[[Bromide]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Iodide]]
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[[File:Chloride ion.svg|thumb|right|250px|ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯢꯗ ion ꯁꯛꯇꯝ]]
'''ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯢꯗ''' ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯄꯨꯕ [[ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯣꯟ|ꯑꯥꯢꯌꯟ]] ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ [[ꯄꯤꯀꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ]] ꯱꯶꯷ ꯇꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯅ ꯎꯕꯗꯤ ꯉꯝꯗꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Wells|first=John C.|year=2008|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|edition=3rd|publisher=Longman|page=143|isbn=9781405881180}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:ꯃꯆꯪ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯐꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯋꯣꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ</title>
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      <text bytes="14371" sha1="kd23ad2kykxhdowqos3mza7v9s9vz6g" xml:space="preserve">{{Distinguish|ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯐꯕꯤ ꯁꯛꯍꯦꯟꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ}}
'''&quot;ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯐꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯋꯣꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ&quot;''' ({{lang-en|Goldilocks and the Three Bears}}) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ '''&quot;ꯁꯥꯋꯣꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ&quot;''' ({{lang-en|The Story of the Three Bears}}) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯹ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯳ ꯊꯣꯛꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯁꯦꯝꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ: The Three Bears - Project Gutenberg eText 17034.jpg|thumb]]
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯔꯐꯤꯛ ꯕꯦꯆꯦꯂꯔ ꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯎꯃꯪꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯆꯪꯂꯛꯄ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯈꯔ ꯆꯥꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯧꯀ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯐꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯐꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯇꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯧꯒꯠꯂꯛꯏ, ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯣꯡꯊꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯦꯆꯦꯂꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯣ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ, ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯆꯨꯁꯤꯟꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ &quot;ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯗ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯁ&quot; ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯐꯦꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯧꯀ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ, ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ, ꯐꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯧꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯐꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯇꯥꯡꯀꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ &quot;ꯆꯨꯝꯅ&quot; ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ, ꯆꯧꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯐꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯪꯅ-ꯊꯪꯅꯅ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯏꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯐꯔ ꯕꯨꯀꯔꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ &quot;ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗ &quot;ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ, ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯗ, ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ&quot;꯫ ꯕꯨꯀꯔꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ: &quot;ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯤꯕꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯂꯤꯕꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ&quot;꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯗꯤꯕꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟ꯭ꯇ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯛꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ &quot;ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯗ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯗꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯏꯪꯗꯕ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄꯗ ꯀꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯍ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ &quot;ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁ ꯖꯣꯟ&quot;ꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯐꯦꯟ ꯍꯣꯀꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ, &quot;ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯍꯟꯕꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯍꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯤꯡ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ &quot;ꯆꯨꯝꯅ&quot; ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
== ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ==
ꯕꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯃꯪꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯗ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯦꯜ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ, ꯐꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯑꯌꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯃꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯅ ꯑꯌꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯛꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯅꯕ ꯈꯟꯕꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯏ꯫ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯪꯊꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯎꯃꯪꯗ ꯈꯣꯡꯅ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯪꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯌꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯅ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯦꯜ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯎ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯐꯥꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯕ, ꯃꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯏꯪꯕ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯆꯥꯏꯜꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯥꯏꯜꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯏ꯫
ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯅ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯄꯨ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ, ꯐꯥꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯀꯟꯕ, ꯃꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯐꯖꯕ, ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯏꯜꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯥꯏꯜꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯐꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏ꯫
ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ, ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯅ ꯀꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯐꯥꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯀꯟꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯏꯜꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯔꯦ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯏꯜ꯭ꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯗ ꯀꯣꯛꯄꯤ꯫
ꯕꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯏ꯫
ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯏꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ, ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ-ꯇꯥꯛꯍꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯅ ꯆꯥꯏꯜꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯖ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫
ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯕꯗ ꯑꯀꯤꯕ ꯄꯣꯛꯂꯗꯨꯅ, ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯅ ꯍꯧꯒꯠꯂꯛꯏ, ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯣꯡꯊꯔꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯥꯏꯊꯣꯛꯏ꯫
ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯃꯝꯅꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ, ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯔ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯇꯝꯂꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

==ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ==
* [[ꯏꯃꯥ ꯍꯜꯗꯥ]]

==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ==
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* {{Cite web|title=MGM: Goldilocks and the Three Bears|access-date=12 November 2010|url=http://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/3138-Goldilocks_And_The_Three_Bears.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117210452/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/3138-Goldilocks_And_The_Three_Bears.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2013|accessdate=8 February 2024|archivedate=17 January 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20130117210452/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/3138-Goldilocks_And_The_Three_Bears.html}}
* {{Cite book |author=Ober, Warren U. |year=1981 |title=The Story of the Three Bears |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofthreebear0000unse_l0t2 |publisher=Scholars Facsimiles &amp; Reprints |isbn=0-8201-1362-X}}
* {{Cite book |author=Opie, Iona |author-link=Iona Opie |author2=Opie, Peter |author-link2=Peter Opie |year=1992 |orig-year=1974 |title=The Classic Fairy Tales |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0-19-211559-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/classicfairytale00opie_0 }}
* {{Cite web |title=Roald Dahl's Goldilocks (1997) |access-date=3 January 2009 |url = http://www.boosey.com/pages/opera/moreDetails.asp?musicID=5058 }}
* {{Cite book |author=Schultz, William Todd |year=2005 |title=Handbook of Psychobiography |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-516827-5 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qd0VgVIPuCcC&amp;pg=PA93 }}
* {{Cite book |author=Seal, Graham |year=2001 |title=Encyclopedia of Folk Heroes |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=1-57607-216-9 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qfTcKDzzqvIC&amp;pg=PA92 }}
* {{Cite book |author=Tatar, Maria |author-link=Maria Tatar |year=2002 |title=The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales |publisher=[[W.W. Norton &amp; Company]] |isbn=0-393-05163-3 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ehzvhjL5_W8C&amp;q=goldilocks }}
{{Refend}}


{{Commons category|The Three Bears}}
* [https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-37131062568829D&amp;R=DC-37131062568829D &quot;The Story of the Three Bears&quot;, manuscript by Eleanor Mure, 1831] - first recorded version
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180511215709/http://courses.wcupa.edu/johnson/locked/southey-three.htm &quot;The Story of the Three Bears&quot; by Robert Southey, 1837] – first published version
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=yZUNAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PR1 &quot;The Story of the Three Bears&quot;, versified by George Nicol, 2nd edition, 1839] ([https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Three_Bears_(1839) text])
* [http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/68/fairy-tales-and-other-traditional-stories/5105/the-three-bears/ &quot;The Three Bears&quot; by Robert Southey] – later version with &quot;Silver-hair&quot;, a &quot;little girl&quot;
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/49001/49001-h/49001-h.htm#Page_207 &quot;Goldilocks and the Three Bears&quot;, by Katharine Pyle, 1918] – later version with father, mother and baby bear


{{Authority control}}

[[Category:ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯅ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="23956" sha1="3tqptoa7ze3ooh1tkkml89vcbxihn36" xml:space="preserve">[[ꯂꯣꯟꯃꯤꯠ(linguistics)]] ꯇꯥ, '''ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ''' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯒꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯔ(Grammar) ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ,ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯱ ꯒꯤ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ, ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯆꯕꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯄꯣꯟꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯡ,ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯄꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯉꯥꯛ ꯁꯦꯟꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯊꯥꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯝꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯐꯣꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯃꯣꯔꯐꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯟꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯐꯣꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ, ꯁꯦꯃꯦꯟꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫

ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯔꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ[ꯄ] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯔꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ – ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ – ꯀꯟꯁꯆꯤꯌꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯏꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ; ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯀꯣꯒꯅꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯅꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;Traditionally, the mental information used to produce and process linguistic utterances is referred to as &quot;rules&quot;. However, other frameworks employ different terminology, with theoretical implications. [[Optimality theory]], for example, talks in terms of &quot;constraints&quot;, while [[construction grammar]], [[cognitive grammar]], and other &quot;usage-based&quot; theories make reference to patterns, constructions, and &quot;schemata&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 | last = O'Grady
 | first = William
 | last2 = Dobrovolsky
 | first2 = Michael
 | last3 = Katamba
 | first3 = Francis
 | title = Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction
 | publisher = Longman
 | year = 1996
 | location = Harlow, Essex
 | pages = 4–7; 464–539
 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=djhsAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=Contemporary+Linguistics
 | isbn = 9780582246911}}&lt;/ref&gt;
The term &quot;grammar&quot; can also be used to describe the rules that govern the linguistic behaviour of a group of speakers. The term &quot;English grammar&quot;, therefore, may have several meanings. It may refer to the whole of English grammar, that is, to the grammars of all the speakers of the language, in which case, the term encompasses a great deal of variation.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite book
 | last = Holmes
 | first = Janet
 | title = An Introduction to Sociolinguistics
 | publisher = Longman
 | year = 2001
 | location = Harlow, Essex
 | edition = second
 | pages = 73–94
 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=qjdqxecifHcC&amp;dq=Introduction+to+Sociolinguistics+Holmes
 | isbn = 978-0582328617}}; for more discussion of sets of grammars as populations, see: {{Cite book
 | last = Croft
 | first = William
 | authorlink = William Croft (linguist)
 | title = Explaining Language Change: An Evolutionary Approach
 | publisher = Longman
 | year = 2000
 | location = Harlow, Essex
 | pages = 13–20
 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=5_Ka7zLl9HQC&amp;dq=Explaining+Language+Change+Croft
 | isbn = 978-0582356771}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alternatively, it may refer only to what is common to the grammars of all, or of the vast majority of English speakers (such as [[subject–verb–object]] word order in [[Simple sentence|simple declarative sentences]]). Or it may refer to the rules of a particular, relatively well-defined variety of English (such as [[standard English]] for a particular region).

A specific description, study or analysis of such rules may also be referred to as a grammar. A [[reference book]] describing the grammar of a language is called a &quot;reference grammar&quot; or simply &quot;a grammar&quot; (see [[History of English grammars]]). A fully explicit grammar that exhaustively describes the [[grammaticality|grammatical]] constructions of a language is called a descriptive grammar. This kind of [[linguistic description]] contrasts with [[linguistic prescription]], an attempt to discourage or suppress some grammatical constructions, while promoting others. For example, [[preposition stranding]] occurs widely in [[Germanic languages]] and has a long history in English. [[John Dryden]], however, objected to it (without explanation),&lt;ref&gt;Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum, 2002, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press, p. 627f.&lt;/ref&gt; leading other English speakers to avoid the construction and discourage its use.&lt;ref name=&quot;CB1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| last=Lundin| first=Leigh |title=The Power of Prepositions |url=http://criminalbrief.com/?p=216 |work=On Writing |publisher=Criminal Brief |location=Cairo |date=23 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Outside linguistics, the term ''grammar'' is often used in a rather different sense. In some respects, it may be used more broadly, including rules of [[orthography|spelling and punctuation]], which linguists would not typically consider to form part of grammar, but rather as a part of [[orthography]], the set of conventions used for writing a language. In other respects, it may be used more narrowly, to refer to [[prescriptive grammar]] only and excluding those aspects of a language's grammar that are not subject to variation or debate. Jeremy Butterfield&lt;!-- Not the physics professor. Do NOT link. --&gt; claimed that, for non-linguists, &quot;Grammar is often a generic way of referring to any aspect of English that people object to.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Jeremy Butterfield, (2008). ''Damp Squid: The English Language Laid Bare'', Oxford University Press, Oxford. {{ISBN|978-0199574094}}. p. 142.&lt;/ref&gt;

==ꯋꯥꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯊꯤꯂꯦꯜ==
ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ''ꯒꯔꯥꯃꯃꯥꯔ(grammar) '' ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯄꯅꯤ &quot;γραμματικὴ τέχνη &quot;(''grammatikē technē''), ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯗꯤ &quot;ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯕ&quot;, '''γράμμα''' (''gramma''), ꯗꯒꯤ ꯬꯬꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯔꯨ(ꯃꯔꯥ)ꯁꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤ [[graphics]], [[grapheme]], and photograph ꯗꯥ ꯫

==ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ&lt;!--'History of grammar' redirects here--&gt;==

[[ꯕꯦꯕꯤꯂꯣꯟ]] ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Linguistics: An Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/linguisticsintro02edmcgr|last=McGregor|first=William B.|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|year=2015|isbn=978-0567583529|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/linguisticsintro02edmcgr/page/15 15]–16}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯑꯗꯨꯕ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯅꯥꯏꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯧꯕꯁꯤ  [[ꯁꯥꯟꯁꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ]], ꯍꯣꯔꯛꯐꯝꯅꯥ [[ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯌꯣꯠꯀꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ]]ꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ [[ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯥ]] (꯶ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯆꯥ ꯖꯤꯁꯨꯁ ꯄꯣꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ), [[ꯄꯥꯅꯤꯅꯤ]] (꯶-꯵ ꯁꯎꯕ ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯆꯥ ꯖꯤꯁꯨꯁ ꯄꯣꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ)&lt;ref name=britpanini&gt; cite book |url= https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ashtadhyayi|title= Ashtadhyayi, Work by Panini |author=The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica |year= 2013 | publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=23 October 2017, Quote: &quot;Ashtadhyayi, Sanskrit Aṣṭādhyāyī (“Eight Chapters”), Sanskrit treatise on grammar written in the 6th to 5th century BCE by the Indian grammarian Panini.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏ [[ꯄꯤꯟꯒꯥꯂꯥ]] (c.꯲꯰꯰ ꯕꯤ ꯁꯤ), [[Katyayana]], and [[Patanjali]] (2nd century BC). [[Tolkāppiyam]], the earliest [[Tamil language|Tamil]] grammar, is mostly dated to before the 5th century AD.

In the West, grammar emerged as a discipline in [[Hellenistic period|Hellenism]] from the 3rd century BC forward with authors like [[Rhyanus]] and [[Aristarchus of Samothrace]], the oldest extant work being the ''[[Art of Grammar]]'' (Τέχνη Γραμματική), attributed to [[Dionysius Thrax]] (c. 100 BC). [[Latin grammar]] developed by following Greek models from the 1st century BC, due to the work of authors such as [[Orbilius Pupillus]], [[Remmius Palaemon]], [[Marcus Valerius Probus]], [[Verrius Flaccus]], and [[Aemilius Asper]].

A grammar of [[Old Irish|Irish]] originated in the 7th century with the [[Auraicept na n-Éces]].
[[Arabic grammar]] emerged with [[Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali]] in the 7th century.
The first treatises on [[Hebrew grammar]] appeared in the [[High Middle Ages]], in the context of [[Mishnah]] (exegesis of the [[Hebrew Bible]]). The [[Karaite Judaism|Karaite]] tradition originated in [[Abbasid]] [[Baghdad]]. The ''[[Diqduq]]'' (10th century) is one of the earliest grammatical commentaries on the Hebrew Bible.&lt;ref&gt;G. Khan, J. B. Noah, ''The Early Karaite Tradition of Hebrew Grammatical Thought'' (2000)&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ibn Barun]] in the 12th century compares the Hebrew language with [[Arabic language|Arabic]] in the [[Islamic grammatical tradition]].&lt;ref&gt;Pinchas Wechter, Ibn Barūn's Arabic Works on Hebrew Grammar and Lexicography (1964)&lt;/ref&gt;

Belonging to the ''[[trivium]]'' of the seven [[liberal arts]], grammar was taught as a core discipline throughout the [[Middle Ages]], following the influence of authors from [[Late Antiquity]], such as [[Priscian]]. Treatment of vernaculars began gradually during the [[High Middle Ages]], with isolated works such as the [[First Grammatical Treatise]], but became influential only in the [[Renaissance]] and [[Baroque]] periods. In 1486, [[Antonio de Nebrija]] published ''Las introduciones Latinas contrapuesto el romance al Latin'', and the first [[Spanish grammar]], ''[[Gramática de la lengua castellana]]'', in 1492. During the 16th-century [[Italian Renaissance]], the ''Questione della lingua'' was the discussion on the status and ideal form of the [[Italian language]], initiated by [[Dante]]'s ''[[de vulgari eloquentia]]'' ([[Pietro Bembo]], ''Prose della volgar lingua'' Venice 1525). The first grammar of [[Slovene language]] was written in 1583 by [[Adam Bohorič]].

Grammars of non-European languages began to be compiled for the purposes of [[evangelization]] and [[Bible translation]] from the 16th century onward, such as ''Grammatica o Arte de la Lengua General de los Indios de los Reynos del Perú'' (1560), and a [[Quechua languages|Quechua]] grammar by [[Fray Domingo de Santo Tomás]].

From the latter part of the 18th century, grammar came to be understood as a subfield of the emerging discipline of modern [[linguistics]]. The ''Deutsche Grammatik'' of the [[Jacob Grimm]] was first published in the 1810s. The ''Comparative Grammar'' of [[Franz Bopp]], the starting point of modern [[comparative linguistics]], came out in 1833.

=={{Anchor|Frameworks}} Theoretical frameworks==
{{Further|Syntax#Theories}}
[[File:Parse_tree_1.jpg|thumb|Simple constituency grammar [[parse tree]], whereby the sentence is divided into a [[noun phrase]] and a [[verb phrase]].]]
Frameworks of grammar, which attempt to give a precise scientific theory of the [[syntax]] rules of grammar and their function, have been developed in [[theoretical linguistics]]. Most mainstream frameworks are based on the conception of an innate &quot;[[universal grammar]]&quot;, an idea developed by [[Noam Chomsky]]. The most prominent theories are:
{{Expand list|date=March 2018}}
*[[Generative grammar]]: algorithmic constituency aka &quot;[[phrase structure grammar|phrase structure]]&quot; relation (Noam Chomsky 1950)
**[[Transformational grammar]] (1960s)
**[[Generalised phrase structure grammar]] (late 1970s)
***[[Head-driven phrase structure grammar]] (1985)
***[[Principles and parameters]] grammar ([[Government and binding theory]]) (1980s)
**[[Lexical functional grammar]]
**[[Categorial grammar]] ([[lambda calculus]])
***[[Montague grammar]]
**[[Minimalist program]]-based grammar (1993)
*[[Dependency grammar]]: dependency relation ([[Lucien Tesnière]] 1959)
**[[Link grammar]]
*[[Cognitive grammar]] / [[Cognitive linguistics]]
**[[Construction grammar]]
***[[Fluid Construction Grammar]]
**[[Word grammar]]
*[[Stochastic grammar]]: probabilistic
**[[Operator Grammar]]
*[[Functional theories of grammar|Functional grammar]]: usage-oriented (behaviorist)
**[[Danish Functionalism]]
**[[Systemic functional grammar]]
**[[Role and reference grammar]]

[[Parse tree]]s are commonly (but not always) used by such frameworks to depict their rules. There are various additional notation schemes for some grammars:
*[[Constraint grammar]]
*[[Tree-adjoining grammar]]
*[[Affix grammar over a finite lattice]]
*[[Lambda calculus]]
*[[X-bar theory]]
*[[Backus–Naur form]]

==ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ==

Grammars evolve through usage and also due to separations of the human population. With the advent of written [[Knowledge representation|representations]], formal rules about language usage tend to appear also. [[Formal grammar]]s are [[codification (linguistics)|codifications]] of usage that are developed by repeated documentation over time, and by [[observation]] as well. As the rules become established and developed, the prescriptive concept of [[grammatical correctness]] can arise. This often creates a discrepancy between contemporary usage and that which has been accepted, over time, as being correct. Linguists tend to view prescriptive grammars as having little justification beyond their authors' aesthetic tastes, although style guides may give useful advice about ''standard language employment'', based on descriptions of usage in contemporary writings of the same language. Linguistic prescriptions also form part of the explanation for variation in speech, particularly variation in the speech of an individual speaker (an explanation, for example, for why some people say &quot;I didn't do nothing&quot;, some say &quot;I didn't do anything&quot;, and some say one or the other depending on social context).

The formal study of grammar is an important part of education for children from a young age through advanced [[learning]], though the rules taught in schools are not a &quot;grammar&quot; in the sense most [[linguistics|linguists]] use the term, particularly as they are often [[prescriptive]] rather than [[descriptive]].

[[Constructed language]]s (also called ''planned languages'' or ''conlangs'') are more common in the modern day than they used to be, although still extremely uncommon compared to natural languages. Many have been designed to aid human communication (for example, naturalistic [[Interlingua]], schematic [[Esperanto]], and the highly logic-compatible [[artificial language]] [[Lojban]]). Each of these languages has its own grammar.

Syntax refers to the linguistic structure above the word level (e.g. how sentences are formed)—though without taking into account [[Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]], which is the domain of phonology. Morphology, by contrast, refers to structure at and below the word level (e.g. how compound words are formed), but above the level of individual sounds, which, like intonation, are in the domain of phonology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 | last1 = Gussenhoven
 | first1 = Carlos
 | last2 = Jacobs
 | first2 = Haike
 | title = Understanding Phonology
 | publisher = Hodder Arnold
 | year = 2005
 | location = London
 | edition = second
 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=gHp_QgAACAAJ&amp;dq=Understanding+Phonology
 | isbn = 978-0340807354
}}&lt;/ref&gt; No clear line can be drawn, however, between syntax and morphology. [[Analytic languages]] use [[syntax]] to convey information that is encoded via [[inflection]] in [[synthetic language]]s. In other words, word order is not significant and [[morphology (linguistics)|morphology]] is highly significant in a purely synthetic language, whereas morphology is not significant and syntax is highly significant in an analytic language. Chinese and [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]], for example, are highly analytic, and meaning is therefore very context-dependent. (Both do have some inflections, and have had more in the past; thus, they are becoming even less synthetic and more &quot;purely&quot; analytic over time.) [[Latin]], which is highly [[synthetic language|synthetic]], uses [[affix]]es and [[inflection]]s to convey the same information that Chinese does with [[syntax]]. Because Latin words are quite (though not completely) self-contained, an intelligible Latin [[Sentence (linguistics)|sentence]] can be made from elements that are placed in a largely arbitrary order. Latin has a complex affixation and simple syntax, while Chinese has the opposite.

==ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯟ==
ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯧꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯤ ꯇꯝꯕꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯎꯖꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯫

ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ, ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯇꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯗ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯂꯣꯟ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯖꯤꯛ ꯈꯔꯥꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯕ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯝꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯆꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯔꯛ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯛ ꯏ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥꯒ ꯑꯃꯥꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯁꯨ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛ ꯏ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯧꯇꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯗꯕꯒꯤꯅꯤ 

ꯏꯀꯨꯏꯀꯨꯏꯗꯔꯤꯕꯗ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯂꯦ ꯃꯇꯝꯁꯤꯒ ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ [[ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯟ ꯗ ꯂꯣꯟꯃꯤꯠ]] ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯗꯔꯕ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

The pre-eminence of [[Parisian French]] has reigned largely unchallenged throughout the history of modern French literature. Standard Italian is not based on the speech of the capital, Rome, but on the speech of [[Florence]] because of the influence Florentines had on early [[Italian literature]]. Similarly, standard Spanish is not based on the speech of [[Madrid]], but on that of educated speakers from more northerly areas like [[Castile and León]] (e.g. see ''[[Gramática de la lengua castellana]]''). In [[Argentina]] and [[Uruguay]] the Spanish standard is based on the local dialects of [[Buenos Aires]] and [[Montevideo]] ([[Rioplatense Spanish]]). [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] has, for now, two official standards, respectively [[Brazilian Portuguese]] and [[European Portuguese]].

The [[Serbian language]] is divided in a similar way; [[Serbia]] and the [[Republika Srpska]] use their own separate standards. The existence of a third standard is a matter of controversy, some consider [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] as a separate language, and some think it is merely another variety of Serbian.

[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] has two standards, ''[[Bokmål]]'' and ''[[Nynorsk]]'', the choice between which is subject to [[Norwegian language struggle|controversy]]: Each Norwegian municipality can declare one of the two its official language, or it can remain &quot;language neutral&quot;. Nynorsk is endorsed by a minority of 27 percent of the municipalities. The main language used in primary schools normally follows the official language of its municipality and is decided by referendum within the local school district. [[Standard German]] emerged from the standardized chancellery use of [[Early New High German language|High German]] in the 16th and 17th centuries. Until about 1800, it was almost entirely a written language, but now it is so widely spoken that most of the former [[German dialect]]s are nearly extinct.

[[Standard Chinese]] has official status as the standard spoken form of the Chinese language in the People's Republic of China (PRC), the [[Republic of China]] (ROC) and the [[Singapore|Republic of Singapore]]. Pronunciation of Standard Chinese is based on the local accent of [[Mandarin Chinese]] from Luanping, Chengde in Hebei Province near Beijing, while grammar and syntax are based on modern [[vernacular written Chinese]].
[[literary Arabic|Modern Standard Arabic]] is directly based on [[Classical Arabic]], the language of the [[Qur'an]]. The [[Hindustani language]] has two standards, [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]].

In the United States, the Society for the Promotion of Good Grammar designated 4 March as [[National Grammar Day]] in 2008.&lt;ref&gt;Cite web|url=http://nationalgrammarday.com/|title=National Grammar Day: Brought to you by Grammar Girl and the Society for the Promotion of Good Grammar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ꯁꯤꯖꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ==
* [[:Category:Grammars of specific languages]]
* [[Ambiguous grammar]]
* [[Government and binding]]
* [[Grammeme]]
* [[Harmonic Grammar]]
* [[Higher order grammar]]
* [[Linguistic typology]]
* [[List of linguists]]
* [[Paragrammatism]]
* [[Usage]]


==ꯇꯦꯟꯇꯛꯅ ꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ==

==ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ==
{{reflist}}
* ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ
* American Academic Press, The (ed.). [[William Strunk, Jr.]], et al. ''The Classics of Style: The Fundamentals of Language Style From Our American Craftsmen''. Cleveland: The American Academic Press, 2006. {{ISBN|0978728203}}.
* Rundle, Bede. ''Grammar in Philosophy''. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. {{ISBN|0198246129}}.
{{Refend}}

==ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ==
* Cite EB1911 |last=Sayce |first=Archibald Henry |wstitle=Grammar|short=x}}
* [http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/ Grammar from the Oxford English Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908180225/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/ |date=2016-09-08 }}


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'''ꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥ (Nemean lion)''' ({{IPAc-en|n|ɪ|ˈ|m|iː|ə|n}}; (ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ: Νεμέος λέων)&lt;ref&gt;Wagner, Richard Anton (ed.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=2BALAwAAQBAJ&amp;dq= ''Mythographi Graeci'', Vol. I]: &quot;Index nominum et rerum memorabilium&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ''Neméos léōn''; (ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ:Leo Nemeaeus) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕ ꯍꯤꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯔꯀꯨꯂꯤꯁꯅ ꯀꯣꯟꯅ ꯍꯥꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕ ꯁꯤꯕ ꯅꯥꯢꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯅ ꯍꯥꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯨ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯆꯪꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯊꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯆꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯀꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯏ ꯫ [[Bibliotheca (Photius)|Bibliotheca]], [[Photius]]ꯗ ꯄꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ ꯂꯦꯗꯟꯅ ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯛ ꯁꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ ꯂꯦꯗꯟꯂꯦꯗꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ ꯃꯅꯥꯎꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;[http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/erudits/photius/ptolemee.htm Photius, Bibliotheca excerpts, 190.38]&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯉꯁꯤꯗꯤ, ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ [[List of mammals of Greece|Greek fauna]]ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ [[Herodotus]]ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ, ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ ꯇ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯢ꯫ George Schaller ꯅ ꯱꯰꯰ ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯋꯥꯢꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯢ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯑꯅꯤꯡꯕ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Schaller |first=George B. |author-link=George Schaller|year=1972 |title= The Serengeti lion: A study of predator–prey relations|url=https://archive.org/details/serengetilionstu0000scha |publisher= University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago |isbn=0226736393}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ==

==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ==
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| current_status       = Active
| programming_language = {{Ubl|class=nowrap|[[Java (programming language)|Java]]|[[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]|[[Scala (programming language)|Scala]]|[[JavaScript]]}}
| footnotes            = &lt;ref name=Dorsey2006/&gt;&lt;ref name=10K2017&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1418091/000156459018003046/twtr-10k_20171231.htm|title=US SEC: Form 10-K Twitter, Inc.|publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]|accessdate=June 27, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/twitter.com|title=Twitter.com Site Info|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]|access-date=December 4, 2017|accessdate=October 17, 2018|archivedate=April 22, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422054633/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/twitter.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://about.twitter.com/company|title=About Twitter, Inc.|accessdate=2018-10-17|archivedate=2015-10-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028165550/https://about.twitter.com/company}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=April|first=Reuters|url=http://fortune.com/2017/04/28/twitter-ceo-dorsey-million-company-stock/|title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey Recently Bought $9.5 million in Company Stock|publisher=Fortune|date=April 28, 2017|accessdate=February 14, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.mopub.com/legal/tos/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infoq-jvm&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Twitter coding&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infoq-jvm&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infoq-jvm&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infoq-jvm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|first=Charles|last=Humble|title=Twitter Shifting More Code to JVM, Citing Performance and Encapsulation As Primary Drivers|date=July 4, 2011|work=InfoQ|access-date=January 15, 2013|url=http://www.infoq.com/articles/twitter-java-use}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Twitter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/10/26/twitter-overcounted-active-users-since-2014-shares-surge/801968001/|title=Twitter overcounted active users since 2014, shares surge on profit hopes|publisher=USA Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=launch/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Shaban |first1=Hamza |title=Twitter's stock plunges 19% after it reports a decline in users |url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-twitter-users-fake-accounts-stock-20180727-story.html |website=www.LATimes.com |publisher=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=July 27, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''ꯇꯨꯏꯇꯔ (ꯇ꯭ꯋꯤꯠꯇꯔ)''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|w|ɪ|t|ər}}) ꯁꯤ [[ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ]] ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ [[ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎ|ꯄꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡ]] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ [[ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯛꯀꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ|ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯛꯀꯤꯡ]] ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯅꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯁ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ &quot;ꯇ꯭ꯋꯤꯠꯁ&quot; ꯇꯧꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯫ ꯇ꯭ꯋꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯱꯴꯰ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯷, ꯲꯰꯱꯷ ꯇꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯇꯩꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯔꯅꯤ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯗꯔꯦ ꯫

==ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ==
{{Further information|Timeline of Twitter}}

===ꯁꯦꯝꯁꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯈꯤꯕ===
[[File:Twttr sketch-Dorsey-2006.jpg|thumb|ꯑꯌꯦꯛꯄ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ, c. 2006, by [[Jack Dorsey|ꯖꯦꯛ ꯗꯣꯔꯁꯦ]], envisioning an [[SMS]]-based [[social network]].]]

===ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄ===
ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯰꯷ꯇ ꯇ꯭ꯋꯤꯠ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯴꯰꯰꯰꯰꯰ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯰꯸ ꯌꯧꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯇ꯭ꯋꯤꯠ ꯱꯰꯰꯰꯰꯰꯰ ꯌꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤ ꯫
==ꯎꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ==
===ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛ===
[[File:Twitter logo.svg|thumb|July 15, 2006 – September 14, 2010]]

==ꯈꯨꯅꯥꯏ==
[[File:Twitter Town Hall-Dorsey Obama.png|thumb|alt=Man in his twenties smiling at left, man in his forties using computer at center, large crystal chandelier, several people in audience|Dorsey (left) said after a [[Barack Obama on social media|Twitter Town Hall with Barack Obama]] held in July 2011, that Twitter received over 110,000 #Ask[[Barack Obama|Obama]] tweets.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media|people=Jack Dorsey|title=Impressions on the White House Twitter Townhall|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/photos-and-video/video/2011/07/08/impressions-white-house-twitter-townhall|date=July 8, 2011|publisher=The White House|access-date=July 10, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

==ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯚꯤꯓꯟ==
ꯇꯨꯏꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯚꯤ|ꯇꯤꯚꯤ]] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯦ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvgenius.net/blog/2011/03/31/shows-viewers-tweeting-operators/ |title=What Shows Are Viewers Tweeting About and What Does this Mean for Operators? |publisher=Tvgenius.net |date=March 31, 2011 |access-date=May 22, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411012358/http://www.tvgenius.net/blog/2011/03/31/shows-viewers-tweeting-operators/ |archivedate=April 11, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ [[꯲ꯁꯨꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯔꯤꯟ]] ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hayat|first=Tsahi|last2=Samuel-Azran|first2=Tal|date=|year=2017|title=“You too, Second Screeners?” Second Screeners’ Echo Chambers During the 2016 U.S. Elections Primaries|url=|journal=Journal of Broadcasting &amp; Electronic Media|volume=61|issue=2|pages=291-308|doi=10.1080/08838151.2017.1309417|isbn=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;virtual watercooler&quot; or [[social television]]—the practice has been called &quot;chatterboxing&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.sky.com/home/technology/article/16189017 &quot;Social Web Makes TV Viewers 'Chatterboxers'&quot;], Sky News, March 15, 2012 {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317215524/http://news.sky.com/home/technology/article/16189017 |date=March 17, 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯇꯨꯏꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯦ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯕꯨ ꯇꯤꯚꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯕꯗ [[ꯑꯣꯁꯀꯥꯔ]], [[ꯁꯨꯄꯔ ꯕꯥꯎꯜ]] ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯅꯕ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯄ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯫

==Statistics==
=== ꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯡ===
{{Main|List of most-followed Twitter accounts}}
ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯸, ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯲꯲ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ, ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟ ꯱꯰ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Find out who's not following you back on Twitter, Tumblr, &amp; Pinterest. |url=https://friendorfollow.com/twitter/most-followers/ |website=Friend or Follow |accessdate=1 October 2018 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Rank
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Change &lt;br/&gt; (monthly)
! Account name
! Owner
! Followers &lt;br/&gt; (millions)
! Activity
! Country

|-
| align=center | 1.
| align=center | {{unchanged}}
| @katyperry
| [[Katy Perry]]
| align=center | 107
| Musician
| {{Flag|USA}}
|-
| align=center | 2.
| align=center | {{unchanged}}
| @justinbieber
| [[Justin Bieber]]
| align=center | 104
| Musician
| {{Flag|CAN}}
|-
| align=center | 3.
| align=center | {{unchanged}}
| [[Barack Obama on social media|@BarackObama]]
| [[Barack Obama]]
| align=center | 102
| Former [[U.S. President]]
| {{Flag|USA}}
|-
| align=center | 4.
| align=center | {{unchanged}}
| @rihanna
| [[Rihanna]]
| align=center | 88
| Musician
| {{Flag|BAR}}
|-
| align=center | 5.
| align=center | {{unchanged}}
| @taylorswift13
| [[Taylor Swift]]
| align=center | 83
| Musician
| {{Flag|USA}}

|-
| align=center | 6.
| align=center | {{unchanged}}
| @ladygaga
| [[Lady Gaga]]
| align=center | 77
| Musician
| {{Flag|USA}}
|-
| align=center | 7.
| align=center | {{unchanged}}
| @TheEllenShow
| [[Ellen DeGeneres]]
| align=center | 76
| Comedian
| {{Flag|USA}}
|-
| align=center | 8.
| align=center | {{unchanged}}
| @Cristiano
| [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]
| align=center | 75
| [[Association football|Footballer]]
| {{Flag|POR}}
|-
| align=center | 9.
| align=center | {{unchanged}}
| @YouTube
| [[YouTube]]
| align=center | 71
| [[Online video platform]]
| {{Flag|USA}}
|-
| align=center | 10.
| align=center | {{unchanged}}
| @jtimberlake
| [[Justin Timberlake]]
| align=center | 64
| Musician and actor
| {{Flag|USA}}
|}

===ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯡ===
ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯱꯴ ꯅꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯧꯈꯤꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯔꯆ ꯲꯱, ꯲꯰꯰꯶ ꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯇꯨꯏꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯃꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯅꯤ,  '''@jack''' ([[Jack Dorsey|Jack Dorsey]]), '''@biz''' ([[Biz Stone]]), and '''@noah''' ([[Noah Glass (Twitter)|Noah Glass]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://followerwonk.com/bio/?s=r |title=Search by Twitter bio, name, URL, location, more |publisher=Followerwonk |access-date=May 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;Twitter_500&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/07/30/analyst-twitter-passed-500m-users-in-june-2012-140m-of-them-in-us-jakarta-biggest-tweeting-city/|title=Twitter Passed 500M Users In June 2012, 140M Of Them In US; Jakarta 'Biggest Tweeting' City|work=[[TechCrunch]]|date=July 30, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

==ꯃꯈꯥꯇꯥꯅ ꯄꯥꯊꯕ==
* {{Cite book|last=Fitton|first=Laura|title=Twitter for Dummies|url=https://archive.org/details/twitterfordummie00fitt|year=2009|publisher=Wiley Publishing|location=Hoboken, NJ|isbn=9780470479919|author2=Gruen, Michael E.|author3=Poston, Leslie|author4=foreword by Jack Dorsey}}
*[https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300215120/twitter-and-tear-gas Tufekci, Zeynep. 2017. ''Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest''. Yale University Press.]

==ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ==
{{Sister project links|wikt=Twitter|commons=Twitter|b=no|n=Twitter|q=no|s=no|v=no|species=no|display=Twitter|voy=no|d=P2002}}
{{Scholia|topic}}
* {{Official website|https://twitter.com/|mobile=https://mobile.twitter.com/}}
* {{Finance links
| name = Twitter, Inc.
| symbol = TWTR
| sec_cik = 1418091
| yahoo = TWTR
| google = TWTR
| bloomberg = TWTR:US
}}

{{Twitter navbox|state=expanded}}
{{Navboxes
|list=
{{Microblogging}}
{{Online social networking}}
{{Censorship and websites}}
{{Major Internet companies}}
{{Andreessen Horowitz}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Good article}}

[[ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯇ꯭ꯋꯤꯠꯇꯔ| ]]
[[ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯲꯰꯰꯰ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ]]</text>
      <sha1>1w1lq7nworz52n6y7xnkcg9d5f1qlr5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ꯈꯨꯕꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2485</id>
    <revision>
      <id>62139</id>
      <parentid>53060</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T16:13:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>372</id>
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      <comment>Add 5 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10098" sha1="27ccoawnsmy5xdtzzx8yqnjrxsstb6u" xml:space="preserve">'''&quot;ꯈꯨꯕꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ&quot;''' (ꯗꯦꯅꯤꯁ: '''&quot;Tommelise&quot;''', {{lang-en|&quot;Thumbelina&quot;}}) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯗꯦꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯍꯦꯟ꯭ꯁ ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯔꯁꯟꯅ ꯏꯕ ꯑꯁꯦꯝꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Calineczka VP ubt.jpeg|thumb]]
== ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ==
ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯥꯝꯖꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯝꯕꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯍꯪꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯆꯠꯇꯨꯅ ꯊꯥꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯕꯥꯔꯂꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯔꯛꯏ (ꯃꯦꯔꯤ ꯍꯣꯋꯤꯠꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯴꯷ꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯗ, ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤꯗ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯕꯥꯔꯂꯤꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯏ)꯫ ꯕꯥꯔꯂꯤꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯊꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥ (ꯇꯣꯝꯃꯦꯂꯤꯁ) ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯔꯛꯏ꯫
ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯜꯅꯠ-ꯁꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯜꯗ ꯇꯨꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯊꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯅ꯭ꯌ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯇꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ-ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯉꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡꯅ ꯊꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥꯅ ꯇꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯛꯆꯥꯐꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯐꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯤꯂꯤ ꯄꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯏ꯫
ꯊꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯝ ꯊꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯃꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯆꯪꯖꯐꯝ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯄ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯊꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥꯅ ꯂꯧꯕꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯎꯁꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯪꯂꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯜꯂꯣ ꯑꯃ ꯎꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯜꯂꯣ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯎꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯍꯤꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯌꯥꯏꯗ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯃꯥꯎꯁ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯜꯂꯣ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯉꯣꯟꯗ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯅꯤꯡꯊꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯝꯊꯥꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯥꯕꯗ ꯇꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯜꯂꯣ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ, ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯋꯥꯁꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯨꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥꯗ ꯕꯤꯗꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯥꯏꯊꯣꯛꯏ꯫
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯝꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ, ꯃꯥꯎꯁꯅ ꯊꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥꯕꯨ ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯊꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥꯅ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯖꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕ ꯐꯥꯎꯋꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯎꯗꯦ꯫ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯃꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥꯕꯨ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯗ ꯇꯛꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯇꯛꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯊꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥꯅ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯗꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕ ꯈꯔ ꯎꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯎꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯥꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ꯫
ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯀꯨꯞꯇ, ꯊꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯜꯂꯣꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯦꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯏ꯫ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯂꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯊꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯄꯥꯝꯖꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯂꯩ-ꯐꯦꯔꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯎꯅꯩ; ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯂꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯕ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯖꯨꯔꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯌꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ, ꯊꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥꯅ ꯂꯩ-ꯐꯦꯔꯤ ꯔꯥꯖꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯜꯂꯣ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯃꯣꯏ ꯀꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯌꯧꯔꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯄꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯊꯝꯕꯦꯂꯤꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯔꯁꯟ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯤꯔꯤ꯫

==ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ==
* [[ꯉꯥꯂꯩꯃ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄꯤ]]

==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ==
{{Commons category|Thumbelina}}
*[http://www.andersen.sdu.dk/vaerk/hersholt/Thumbelina_e.html ''Thumbelina''] English translation by [[Jean Hersholt]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110210163019/http://thumbelinathemusical.com/ ''Thumbelina: The Musical''] Musical of ''Thumbelina'' by Chris Seed and Maxine Gallagher

{{Wikisource|Thumbelina}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Andersen |first1=Hans Christian |author-link=Hans Christian Andersen |year=1983 |orig-year=1974 |title=The Complete Fairy Tales and Stories |url=https://archive.org/details/completefairytal0000ande_z8q3 |translator-last1=Haugaard |translator-first1=Erik Christian |location=New York, NY |publisher=Anchor Books |isbn=0-385-18951-6}}
*{{cite book |last=Andersen |first= Hans Christian |year= 2000 |orig-year=1871 |title=The Fairy Tale of My Life |url=https://archive.org/details/fairytaleofmylif0000ande_q4n5 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Cooper Square Press |isbn=0-8154-1105-7}}
* {{cite book | last = Andersen | first = Hans Christian | title = The Annotated Hans Christian Andersen | url = https://archive.org/details/annotatedhanschr0000ande | publisher = W.W. Norton | location = New York | year = 2008 | isbn = 9780393060812 |editor1-last=Tatar |editor1-first=Maria |editor1-link=Maria Tatar}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Classe |editor-first=O.  |year=2000 |title=Encyclopedia of Literary Translation into English; v.2 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofli0000unse_w8x0 |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers |isbn=1-884964-36-2}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Eastman |editor-first=Mary Huse  |title=Index to Fairy Tales, Myths and Legends |publisher=BiblioLife, LLC}}
* {{cite book |last1=Frank |first1=Diane Crone |last2=Frank |first2=Jeffrey |year=2005 |title=The Stories of Hans Christian Andersen |location=Durham, NC and London, UK |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=0-8223-3693-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/storiesofhanschr0000ande }}
* {{cite book |last1=Opie |first1=Iona |author-link=Iona Opie |last2=Opie |first2=Peter |author2-link=Peter Opie |year=1974 |title=The Classic Fairy Tales |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-211559-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/classicfairytale00opie_0 }}
* {{cite book |last=Sale |first=Roger |year=1978 |title=Fairy Tales and After: From Snow White to E.B. White |location=New Haven, CT |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=0-674-29157-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/fairytalesafter00roge_9tt }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Siegel |editor-first=Elaine V.  |year=1992 |title=Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Women |url=https://archive.org/details/psychoanalyticpe0000unse_x9n4 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Brunner/Mazel, Inc. |isbn=0-87630-655-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Wullschlager |first=Jackie |year=2002 |title=Hans Christian Andersen: The Life of a Storyteller |url=https://archive.org/details/hanschristianand0000wull |url-access=registration |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-91747-9}}
{{Refend}}
[[Category:ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯅ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ꯎꯟ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯤ</title>
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      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="21526" sha1="9bbsnzrncn9ptlrvd8etvtt6qrt8vje" xml:space="preserve">'''&quot;ꯎꯟ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯤ&quot;''' (ꯖꯔꯃꯟ: '''&quot;Schneewittchen&quot;''', {{lang-en|&quot;Snow White&quot;}}) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯗ ꯂꯤꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯱꯹ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯒꯤ ꯖꯔꯃꯟꯒꯤ ꯐꯨꯡꯒꯥꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
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== ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ==
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯄꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯝꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯎꯟ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯐꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯐꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯦꯠꯇꯨꯅ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯅꯧꯅ ꯇꯥꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯉꯧꯕ ꯎꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯩ, &quot;ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯎꯟꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯉꯧꯕ, ꯆꯤꯟꯕꯥꯟ ꯏꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯕꯣꯅꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?&quot; ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ (ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯱꯲ꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯗꯦ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤꯅ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯵꯴ꯒꯤ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥ, ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯐꯖꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯐꯠꯇꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯠꯇꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯐꯠꯇꯕ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯁꯥꯖꯠ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ꯫ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯌꯨꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯪꯏ, &quot;ꯐꯛꯂꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ, ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯖꯕ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯣ?&quot; ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯄꯦꯟꯈꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯅ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯦꯠ ꯁꯨꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯄꯣꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯦꯜꯗ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯍꯪꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯉꯣꯟꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯁꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯀꯨꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯃꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯑꯣꯟꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯥꯗꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯄꯨ ꯎꯃꯪꯗ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯥꯠꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯤꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯃꯣꯏꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯗꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯄꯨ ꯎꯃꯪꯗ ꯄꯨꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯥꯡꯒꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯡꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯗꯕ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯄꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯥꯗꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯥꯡꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯩ, &quot;ꯑꯩꯉꯣꯟꯗ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯕꯨ ꯅꯣꯛꯅꯤꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄꯤꯌꯨ! ꯑꯩ ꯎꯃꯪꯗ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯅꯨ!&quot; ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯠꯇ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯃꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯁꯥꯗꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯥꯝꯗꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯄꯨ ꯀꯟꯕꯤꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯝꯑꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯃꯣꯏ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯏ꯫
ꯄꯨꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯎꯃꯪꯗ ꯀꯣꯏꯆꯠ ꯆꯠꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯅ ꯗ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯐ ꯇꯔꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯆꯥꯛꯂꯦꯟ ꯈꯔ ꯆꯥꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯏꯟ ꯈꯔ ꯊꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯐꯃꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ, ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯐꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯇꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯗ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯐꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯈꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯍꯧꯒꯠꯂꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯐꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯪꯅꯕ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯆꯪꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯋꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯕ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯖꯔꯕ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯛꯁꯤꯗ, ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯦꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯍꯪꯏ: &quot;ꯐꯛꯂꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ, ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯖꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯣ?&quot; ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯉꯣꯟꯗ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯁꯨ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯖꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯗ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯐꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯠꯇꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯎꯋꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯄꯦꯗꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯗꯨꯅ, ꯗ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯐꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯖꯇ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯇ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯁꯪꯂꯕ, ꯃꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯕꯣꯗꯤꯁ ꯑꯃ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯑꯁꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯦꯠꯅ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯉꯤ; ꯗ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯐꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯄꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ꯫ ꯃꯊꯪꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯣꯝꯕꯤ ꯌꯣꯟꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯤꯖꯣꯜ ꯁꯦꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯄꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯖꯔꯕ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯧꯅꯕ ꯊꯥꯖꯍꯜꯂꯤ; ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯕ ꯁꯝꯐꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯝꯐꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯄꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯐꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯗ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯐꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯧꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯇ ꯍꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯕ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯕꯗ ꯅꯤꯡꯉꯝꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯏꯗ ꯀꯛꯏ, ꯑꯉꯧꯕ (ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ) ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯍꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯇ ꯄꯤ; ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯋꯥꯏ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯆꯤꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯀꯣꯃꯥꯗ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤꯅ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯜꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯟꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ, ꯗ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯐꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯄꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤꯅ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯔꯒ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯀꯦꯁꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇ, ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯥꯗꯥꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯐꯤꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯁꯤꯔꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯣꯡꯊꯩ꯫ ꯁꯦꯕꯦꯟ ꯗ꯭ꯋꯥꯔ꯭ꯐꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯄꯣꯊꯥꯐꯝꯗ ꯄꯨꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯈꯡꯍꯧꯗꯅ, ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯄꯨ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ-ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ, ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯕꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯅꯥꯎꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯕ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯠꯍꯟꯈꯤ꯫ (ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯱꯲ꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ, ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯇ ꯑꯁꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯐꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯅ, ꯁꯥꯎꯔꯗꯨꯅ, ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯄꯨ ꯀꯣꯐꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯩꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯅꯥꯎꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯈꯤ)꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯉꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯍꯔꯥꯎꯋꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯎꯅꯕꯗ ꯑꯉꯛꯄ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯗꯨꯅ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯅ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯇꯕꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯗ ꯀꯧꯋꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ, ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯄꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯨꯅ, ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯖꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯍꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯅ꯭ꯌ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯉꯣꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤꯅ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯠꯇꯨꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯌꯧꯔꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯅ꯭ꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯤꯕ ꯄꯣꯛꯏ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯎꯔꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤꯅ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯍꯥꯠꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯅ꯭ꯌꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯇ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯉꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ-ꯑꯁꯥꯕ ꯌꯣꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯖꯨꯔꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯖꯒꯣꯏ ꯁꯥꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯐꯠꯇꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯤꯈꯤꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ, ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣ ꯋꯥꯏꯠꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯈꯤ꯫

==ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ==
* [[ꯂꯝꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯉꯥꯁꯤꯡ (ꯐꯨꯡꯒꯥꯋꯥꯔꯤ)]]

==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ==
{{Reflist}}
*{{Wikisource-inline}}
*{{commons category-inline}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/jacob-grimm_wilhelm-grimm/household-tales/margaret-hunt|Display Name=The complete set of Grimms' Fairy Tales, including ''{{PAGENAMEBASE}}''|noitalics=true}}
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/5314/old/grimm10a.txt Text of &quot;Little Snow-white&quot; from &quot;Household Tales by Brothers Grimm&quot; on Project Gutenberg]

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Grimm, Jacob |author2=Grimm, Wilhelm |editor=Applebaum, Stanley |translator=Applebaum |title= Selected Folktales/Ausgewählte Märchen: A Dual-Language Book|url=https://archive.org/details/selectedfolktale0000unse_f7c1 |publisher= Dover Publications, Inc.|location= Mineola, New York|isbn= 0-486-42474-X|date= 2003-01-01}}
* {{cite book|author=Jones, Steven Swann|title= The New Comparative Method: Structural and Symbolic Analysis of the allomotifs of 'Snow White'|location= Helsinki|date= 1990|publisher= FFC., N 247.}}
* {{cite book |title=Walt Disney's Snow White and the seven dwarfs: an art in its making featuring the collection of Stephen H. Ison |url=https://archive.org/details/waltdisneyssnoww0000krau |date=28 October 1994 |publisher=Indianapolis Museum of Art |isbn=0-7868-6144-4 |edition=1st}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Bäcker |first1=Jörg |title=Zhaos Mergen und Zhanglîhuâ Katô. Weibliche Initiation, Schamanismus und Bärenkult in einer daghuro-mongolischen Schneewittchen-Vorform |trans-title=Zhaos Mergen and Zhanglîhuâ Katô. Female initiation, shamanism and bear cult in a Daghuro-Mongolian Snow White precursor |language=de |journal=Fabula |date=1 December 2008 |volume=49 |issue=3–4 |pages=288–324 |doi=10.1515/FABL.2008.022 |s2cid=161591972 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=da Silva |first1=Francisco Vaz |title=Red as Blood, White as Snow, Black as Crow: Chromatic Symbolism of Womanhood in Fairy Tales |journal=Marvels &amp; Tales |date=2007 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=240–252 |doi=10.1353/mat.2007.a241688 |jstor=41388837 |hdl=10071/19149 |s2cid=201791348 |hdl-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Hemming |first1=Jessica |title=Red, White, and Black in Symbolic Thought: The Tricolour Folk Motif, Colour Naming, and Trichromatic Vision |journal=Folklore |date=2012 |volume=123 |issue=3 |pages=310–329 |doi=10.1080/0015587X.2012.716599 |jstor=41721562 |s2cid=161420857 }}
* Hui, J. Y., Ellis, C., McIntosh, J., &amp; Olley, K. &quot;[[Ála flekks saga]]: A Snow White Variant from Late Medieval Iceland&quot;. In: ''Leeds Studies in English'', 49 (2018): 45-64. http://digital.library.leeds.ac.uk/id/eprint/26324
* {{cite journal |last1=Joisten |first1=Charles |title=Une version savoyarde du conte de Blanche-Neige |trans-title=A Savoyard version of the tale of Snow White |language=fr |journal=Le Monde alpin et rhodanien. Revue régionale d'ethnologie |date=1978 |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=171–174 |doi=10.3406/mar.1978.1063 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Kawan |first1=Christine Shojaei |title=Innovation, persistence and self-correction: the case of snow white |journal=Estudos de Literatura Oral |date=2005 |issue=11–12 |pages=237–251 |hdl=10400.1/1671 |hdl-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Kawan |first1=Christine Shojaei |title=A Brief Literary History of Snow White |journal=Fabula |date=December 2008 |volume=49 |issue=3–4 |pages=325–342 |doi=10.1515/FABL.2008.023 |s2cid=161939712 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Kropej |first1=Monika |title=Snow White in West and South Slavic Tradition |journal=Fabula |date=December 2008 |volume=49 |issue=3–4 |pages=218–243 |doi=10.1515/FABL.2008.018 |s2cid=161178832 }}
* Kurysheva, Lyubov A. &quot;On Pushkin's Synopsis of the Russian Version of Snow White&quot;. In: ''Studia Litterarum'', 2018, vol. 3, no 4, pp.&amp;nbsp;140–151. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.22455/2500-4247-2018-3-4-140-151
* {{cite journal |last1=Oriol |first1=Carme |title=The Innkeeper's Beautiful Daughter. A Study of Sixteen Romance Language Versions of ATU 709 |journal=Fabula |date=December 2008 |volume=49 |issue=3–4 |pages=244–258 |doi=10.1515/FABL.2008.019 |s2cid=162252358 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Raufman |first1=Ravit |title=Red as a Pomegranate. Jewish North African versions of Snow White |journal=Fabula |date=10 January 2017 |volume=58 |issue=3–4 |doi=10.1515/fabula-2017-0027 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=Sigrid |title=Snow White in Africa |journal=Fabula |date=1 December 2008 |volume=49 |issue=3–4 |pages=268–287 |doi=10.1515/FABL.2008.021 |s2cid=161823801 }}
{{refend}}
[[ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯅ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ]]</text>
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    <title>ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ</title>
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      <text bytes="10482" sha1="pftgayzp6sy3e7q39qwnb4z1h9tq5jc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
| name = ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ
| nativename = {{lang|hy|հայերէն/հայերեն}} ''hayeren''
| pronunciation = {{IPA-hy|hɑjɛˈɾɛn|}}
| states = [[ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥ|ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥ]] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ [[Nagorno-Karabakh|Nagorno-Karabakh]]. 
| speakers = 6.7 million
| date = 
| dateprefix = c.&amp;nbsp;
| ref = e18
| familycolor = Indo-European
| ancestor2 = [[Classical Armenian|Classical Armenian]]
| ancestor3 = [[Middle Armenian|Middle Armenian]]
| stand1 = [[Eastern Armenian|Eastern Armenian]]
| stand2 = [[Western Armenian|Western Armenian]]
| script = {{plainlist|
*[[Armenian alphabet|Armenian alphabet]]
*[[Armenian Braille|Armenian Braille]]}}
| nation = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|Armenia}}
*{{flag|Artsakh}}}}
| minority = '''Official ''(de jure)'' status:'''
*{{flag|Cyprus}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Cyprus.htm |title=Implementation of the Charter in Cyprus |work=Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages |publisher=Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research |accessdate=16 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024143749/http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Cyprus.htm |archivedate=24 October 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
*{{flag|Hungary}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Hungary.htm |title=Implementation of the Charter in Hungary |work=Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages |publisher=Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research |accessdate=16 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227004902/http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Hungary.htm |archivedate=27 February 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flag|Iraq}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Iraqi Constitution: Article 4|url=http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf|publisher=The Republic of Iraq Ministry of Interior General Directorate for Nationality|accessdate=16 June 2014|quote=The right of Iraqis to educate their children in their mother tongue, such as Turkmen, Syriac, and Armenian shall be guaranteed in  government educational institutions in accordance with educational guidelines, or in any other language in private educational institutions.|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128152712/http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf|archivedate=28 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
*{{flag|Kurdistan Region}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://news.am/eng/news/244068.html | title=Armenian recognized official language in Iraqi Kurdistan}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flag|Poland}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Territorial languages in the Republic of Poland|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/minlang/report/PeriodicalReports/PolandPR1_en.pdf|publisher=[[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages|European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]|accessdate=16 June 2014|location=Strasbourg|page=9|date=30 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flag|Romania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Romania.htm |title=Implementation of the Charter in Romania |work=Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages |publisher=Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research |accessdate=16 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222161215/http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Romania.htm |archivedate=22 February 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flag|Ukraine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/5029-17| title=Law of Ukraine &quot;On Principles of State Language Policy&quot; (Current version – Revision from 01.02.2014) |publisher=rada.gov.ua|work=Document 5029-17, Article 7: Regional or minority languages Ukraine, Paragraph 2|date=1 February 2014|accessdate=30 April 2014|language =uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Semi-official or unofficial ''(de facto)'' status:'''
*{{flag|Georgia}}&lt;br /&gt;([[Samtskhe-Javakheti|Samtskhe-Javakheti]]){{efn|Armenian has no legal status in Samtske-Javakheti, but it is widely spoken by its Armenian population, which is concentrated in Ninotsminda and Akhalkalaki districts (over 90% of the total population in these two districts).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Hille|first=Charlotte|title=State Building and Conflict Resolution in the Caucasus|url=https://archive.org/details/statebuildingcon0000hill|year=2010|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill Publishers]]|location=Leiden, Netherlands|isbn=9789004179011|page=[https://archive.org/details/statebuildingcon0000hill/page/241 241]}}&lt;/ref&gt; There were 144 state-funded schools in the region as of 2010 where Armenian is the main language of instruction.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Javakhk Armenians Looks Ahead to Local Elections|url=http://asbarez.com/78867/georgias-armenian-minority-looks-ahead-toward-local-elections/|accessdate=26 May 2014|newspaper=[[Asbarez|Asbarez]]|date=31 March 2010|quote=Javakheti for use in the region's 144 Armenian schools&amp;nbsp;...|archivedate=25 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141439/http://asbarez.com/78867/georgias-armenian-minority-looks-ahead-toward-local-elections/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mezhdoyan|first=Slava|title=Challenges and problems of the Armenian community of Georgia|url=http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/MinorityIssues/Session5/statements/ItemV/3.%20EuropeanArmenianFederationJustice%20andDemocracy.pdf|publisher=European Armenian Federation for Justice and Democracy|accessdate=26 May 2014|location=Tbilisi|date=28 November 2012|quote=Armenian schools in Georgia are fully funded by the government&amp;nbsp;...}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} 
*{{flag|Lebanon}}{{efn|The Lebanese government recognizes Armenian as a minority language,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=About Lebanon|url=http://www.cas.gov.lb/index.php/about-lebanon-en|publisher=Central Administration of Statistics of the Republic of Lebanon|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526152210/http://www.cas.gov.lb/index.php/about-lebanon-en|archivedate=26 May 2014|quote=Other Languages: French, English and Armenian}}&lt;/ref&gt; particularly for educational purposes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 44 of the Convention. Third periodic reports of states parties due in 2003: Lebanon|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/45377eb00.pdf|publisher=[[Committee on the Rights of the Child|Committee on the Rights of the Child]]|accessdate=26 May 2014|page=108|date=25 October 2005|quote=Right of minorities to learn their language. The Lebanese curriculum allows Armenian schools to teach the Armenian language as a basic language.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Sanjian|first=Ara|title=Armenians and the 2000 Parliamentary Elections in Lebanon|url=http://www.groong.org/ro/ro-20000907.html|work=Armenian News Network / Groong|publisher=[[University of Southern California|University of Southern California]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526153117/http://www.groong.org/ro/ro-20000907.html|archivedate=26 May 2014|quote=Moreover, the Lebanese government approved a plan whereby the Armenian language was to be considered from now on as one of the few 'second foreign languages' that students can take as part of the official Lebanese secondary school certificate (Baccalaureate) exams.}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
*{{flag|Turkey}}{{efn|In education, according to the [[Treaty of Lausanne (1923)|Treaty of Lausanne]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Jilali|last=Saib|contribution=Languages in Turkey|editor1-last=Extra|editor1-first=Guus|editor2-last=Gorter|editor2-first=Durk|title=The Other Languages of Europe: Demographic, Sociolinguistic and Educational Perspectives|url=https://archive.org/details/otherlanguagesof0000unse_r1e4|year=2001|publisher=Multilingual Matters|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781853595097|page=[https://archive.org/details/otherlanguagesof0000unse_r1e4/page/423 423]|quote=No other language can be taught as a mother language other than Armenian, Greek and Hebrew, as agreed in the Lausanne Treaty&amp;nbsp;...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Okçabol|first1=Rıfat|contribution=Secondary Education in Turkey|editor1-last=Nohl|editor1-first=Arnd-Michael|editor2-last=Akkoyunlu-Wigley|editor2-first=Arzu|editor3-last=Wigley|editor3-first=Simon|title=Education in Turkey|year=2008|publisher=Waxmann Verlag|location=Berlin|isbn=9783830970699|page=65|quote=Private Minority Schools are the school established by Greek, Armenian and Hebrew minorities during the era of the Ottoman Empire and covered by Lausanne Treaty.}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
*{{flag|Iran}}
| agency = Institute of Language ([[Armenian National Academy of Sciences|Armenian National Academy of Sciences]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=H. Acharian Institute of Language|url=http://www.sci.am/resorgs.php?oid=34&amp;langid=1|website=sci.am|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005040613/http://www.sci.am/resorgs.php?oid=34&amp;langid=1|archivedate=5 October 2014|quote=Main Fields of Activity: investigation of the structure and functioning, history and comparative grammar of the Armenian language, exploration of the literary Eastern and Western Armenian Language, dialectology, regulation of literary language, development of terminology}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| iso1 = hy
| iso2b = arm
| iso2t = hye
| lc1 = hye
| ld1 = Eastern Armenian
| lc2 = hyw
| ld2 = Western Armenian
| lc3 = xcl
| ld3 = [[Classical Armenian|Classical Armenian]]
| lc4 = axm
| ld4 = [[Middle Armenian|Middle Armenian]]
| lingua = 57-AAA-a
| map = Map-of-speakers-of-armenian.png
| mapcaption = {{Legend|#023858|Official language spoken by the majority}}
  {{Legend|#0570b0|Recognized minority language}}
  {{Legend|#74a9cf|Significant number of speakers}}
| notice = IPA
| protoname = [[Proto-Armenian|Proto-Armenian]]
| glotto = arme1241
| glottorefname = Armenic
}}

'''ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ''' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯃꯁꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯫ [[ꯑꯔꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥ]] ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ [[ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯜꯐꯥꯕꯦꯠ]]ꯅ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯂꯤꯆꯥ ꯶꯷ ꯃꯨꯛꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯏ ꯫

==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ==
{{Reflist}}
[[ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ]]
[[Category:ꯂꯣꯟ]]</text>
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    <title>ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ</title>
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      <text bytes="3639" sha1="5u3cjkpqxehg5cfhi7z0gz2c5f59f0b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
| name = ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ
| nativename = {{Lang|el|ελληνικά}}
| pronunciation = {{IPA-el|eliniˈka|}}
|ethnicity=[[ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ|ꯒꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ]]
| region = [[ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ|ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ]], [[Eastern Mediterranean|Eastern Mediterranean]]
| speakers = ꯱꯳.꯴ million
| date = 2012
| ref = e18
| refname = Greek&lt;!--name as shown at Ethnologue reference--&gt;
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Hellenic languages|Hellenic]]
| ancestor =[[Proto-Greek|Proto-Greek]]
| dia1 = [[Ancient Greek dialects|Ancient dialects]]
| dia2 = [[Varieties of Modern Greek|Modern dialects]]
| stand1 =
| script = {{Ublist|class=nowrap |[[Greek alphabet|Greek alphabet]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Greek Braille|Greek Braille]]}}
| iso1 = el
| iso2b = gre
| iso2t = ell
| lc1 = ell
| ld1 = [[Modern Greek|Modern Greek]]&lt;!-- main ISO 639-3 code, list first --&gt;
| lc2 = grc
| ld2 = [[Ancient Greek|Ancient Greek]]
| lc3 = cpg
| ld3 = {{Nowrap|[[Cappadocian Greek|Cappadocian Greek]]}}
| lc4 = gmy
| ld4 = [[Mycenaean Greek|Mycenaean Greek]]
| lc5 = pnt
| ld5 = [[Pontic Greek|Pontic]]
| lc6 = tsd
| ld6 = [[Tsakonian language|Tsakonian]]
| lc7 = yej
| ld7 = [[Yevanic|Yevanic]]
| glotto = gree1276
| glottorefname = Greek&lt;!--name as shown at Glottolog reference--&gt;
| lingua = {{Ublist|class=nowrap |56-AAA-a |56-AAA-aa {{Small|to}} -am {{Small|(varieties)}} }}
| map =
| mapcaption =
| notice = IPA
}}

'''ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ''' ([[Modern Greek|ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ]]: {{Lang|el|ελληνικά}} ''elliniká'') ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ [[ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ|ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥꯟ]] ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ [[ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ|ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ]], 
[[Cyprus|Cyprus]] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ [[Eastern Mediterranean|Eastern Mediterranean]]ꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ [[Black Sea|Black Sea]]ꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯂꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯕ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯩꯍꯤ ꯳꯰꯰꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯌꯤꯕ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯊꯝꯍꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ  ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯗ ꯐꯪꯕꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Greek language|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica|Encyclopædia Britannica]]|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]]|accessdate=29 April 2014|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/244595/Greek-language}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯕꯗ [[Greek alphabet|ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯜꯐꯥꯕꯦꯠ]] ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A history of the Greek language : from its origins to the present|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofgreekla0000adra|last=1922-|first=Adrados, Francisco Rodríguez|date=2005|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-12835-4|location=Leiden|oclc=59712402}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician script]]ꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯄꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯃꯅꯥꯎ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ [[ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ|ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ]], [[ꯁꯥꯏꯔꯤꯂꯤꯛ|ꯁꯥꯏꯔꯤꯂꯤꯛ]], [[ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ|ꯑꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ]], [[ꯀꯣꯞꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯌꯦꯛC|ꯀꯣꯞꯇꯤꯞ]], [[ꯒꯣꯊꯤꯛ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ|ꯒꯣꯊꯤꯛ]] ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯑꯇꯩ ꯏꯕꯤ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯫

==ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ==


==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ==
{{Reflist}}
[[ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯢꯕꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ]]
[[Category:ꯂꯣꯟ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8163" sha1="rpc1ks80nxfa7me56nexgnwys2ardcj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = ꯄꯨꯟꯖꯥꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ
| native_name = {{Lang|pa|{{Nastaliq|پنجابی}}}}&lt;br&gt;ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
| native_name_lang =  
| population = {{Circa|'''120 million'''|lk=yes}}&lt;ref name=&quot;e21|pnb&quot;&gt;{{e21|pnb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|title=2011 Indian census|format=PDF|website=Censusindia.gov.in|accessdate=29 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| regions = {{flag|Pakistan}}{{nbsp|6}} 91,454,609&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127013956/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html |date=2020-11-27 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/pakistan-population/|title=Pakistan Population (2019) |website=Worldometers.info|accessdate=29 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;{{flag|India}} {{nbsp|6}} 33,124,726&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|date=29 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region3 = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| pop3 = 700,000&lt;ref name=&quot;HC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm061205/halltext/61205h0001.htm|title=Punjabi Community|first=John|last=McDonnell|work=House of Commons|date=5 December 2006|accessdate=3 August 2016|quote=We now estimate the Punjabi community at about 700,000, with Punjabi established as the second language certainly in London and possibly within the United Kingdom.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region4 = {{flag|Canada}}
| pop4 = 668,240&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census, Canada|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=PR&amp;Code1=01&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=01&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=Canada&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=Language&amp;TABID=1|website=Government of Canada, Statistics Canada|accessdate=4 March 2019|date=8 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region5 = {{flag|United States}}
| pop5 = 253,740&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/library/data/tables/2008/demo/language-use/2009-2013-acs-lang-tables-nation.xls|title=US Census Bureau ''American Community Survey (2009-2013)'' See Row #62|website=2.census.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region6 = {{flag|Australia}}
| pop6 = 132,496&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709233002/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20|url-status=dead|title=Top ten languages spoken at home in Australia|archivedate=9 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region7 = {{flag|Malaysia}}
| pop7 = 56,400&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MY|title=Malaysia|website=Ethnologue.com|accessdate=28 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region8 = {{flag|Libya}}
| pop8 = 54,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/LY|title=Libya|website=Ethnologue.com|accessdate=28 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region9 = {{flag|New Zealand}}
| pop9 = 34,227&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/2018-Census-totals-by-topic/Download-data/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights.xlsx |title=New Zealand|website=Stats New Zealand |accessdate=24 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region10 = {{flag|Norway}}
| pop10 = 24,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27JOMobauYAC|title=Encyclopedia of Linguistics|first=Philipp|last=Strazny|date=1 February 2013|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books|isbn=9781135455224}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region11 = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| pop11 = 23,700&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD|title=Bangladesh|website=Ethnologue.com|accessdate=28 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region12 = {{flag|Nepal}}
| pop12 = 10,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf|format=PDF|title=National Population and Housing Census 2011 |website=Unstats.unorg|accessdate=29 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region13 = Others
| pop13 = See [[Punjabi diaspora|Punjabi diaspora]]
| langs = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| religions = [[Pakistan|Pakistan]]: [[Punjab, Pakistan|West Punjab]] – [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam|Islam]] (97%), [[File:Christian cross.svg|12px]] [[Christianity|Christianity]] (2.31), with less Sikh and Hindu populations  &lt;br&gt; [[India|India]]: [[Punjab, India|East Punjab]] –  [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]] [[Sikhism|Sikhism]] (57.7%), [[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism|Hinduism]] (38.5%), [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam|Islam]] (1.9%), [[File:Christian cross.svg|12px]] [[Christianity|Christianity]] (1.26)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS|format=XLS|title=C -1 POPULATION BY RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY - 2011|website=Web.archive.org|accessdate=29 July 2019|archivedate=23 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230423/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Harrison2007p132&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author1=Wade Davis|author2=K. David Harrison|author3=Catherine Herbert Howell|title=Book of Peoples of the World: A Guide to Cultures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkG8f2lyeUMC&amp;pg=PA132|year=2007|publisher=National Geographic|isbn=978-1-4262-0238-4|pages=132–133}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| related_groups = [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan peoples]]
}}
'''ꯄꯨꯟꯖꯥꯕꯤ''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: {{Lang|pnb|{{Nastaliq|پنجابی}}}}, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) or '''ꯄꯟꯖꯥꯕꯤ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ''' ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ [[ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ]]ꯒꯤ ꯄꯟꯖꯥꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&amp;pg=PA522|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-087775-4|pages=522–523}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯄꯟꯖꯥꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇꯤ ''ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯵ꯒꯤ ꯂꯝ'' ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Gandhi 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, [[Illinois|Illinois]]|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ [[Turko-Persian|ꯇꯔꯀꯣ-ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ]]ꯅ ꯊꯣꯟꯂꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Canfield|first=Robert L.|title=Persia in Historical Perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/turkopersiainhis0000unse|year=1991|page=[https://archive.org/details/turkopersiainhis0000unse/page/1 1] (&quot;Origins&quot;)|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=[[Cambridge|Cambridge]], United Kingdom&lt;!--|isbn=0-521-39094-X--&gt;|isbn=978-0-521-52291-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/01/30/india-election-punjab-idINDEE80S02520120130 | work=Reuters | title=Punjab, bread basket of India, hungers for change | date=30 January 2012 | accessdate=26 February 2021 | archivedate=26 June 2015 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626145944/http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/01/30/india-election-punjab-idINDEE80S02520120130 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://water.columbia.edu/2012/03/07/columbia-water-center-released-new-whitepaper-restoring-groundwater-in-punjab-indias-breadbasket/ |title=Columbia Water Center Released New Whitepaper: &quot;Restoring Groundwater in Punjab, India's Breadbasket&quot; – Columbia Water Center |website=Water.columbia.edu |date=7 March 2012 |accessdate=12 July 2013 |archivedate=22 December 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222211004/http://water.columbia.edu/2012/03/07/columbia-water-center-released-new-whitepaper-restoring-groundwater-in-punjab-indias-breadbasket/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ]]</text>
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    <title>ꯁꯥꯗꯥꯝ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟ</title>
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      <text bytes="17854" sha1="j25xelm7sp0oaqxuz43nuyo9i1d3d78" xml:space="preserve">'''ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯝ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟ ꯑꯥꯕ꯭ꯗ ꯑꯜ-ꯃꯖꯤꯗ ꯑꯜ-ꯇꯤꯛꯔꯤꯇꯤ''' ( /h ʊ ˈ s eɪ n / ; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dictionary.com/browse/hussein &quot;Hussein&quot;]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; Arabic    ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ  ; [lower-alpha 1] ꯲꯸ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯤꯜ ꯱꯹꯳꯷ [lower-alpha 2]&amp;nbsp;– ꯳꯰ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯲꯰꯰꯶) ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯏꯔꯥꯛ|ꯏꯔꯥꯀꯀꯤ]] ꯔꯥꯖꯅꯤꯇꯤꯋꯥꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯱꯹꯷꯹ꯒꯤ ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯱꯶ꯇꯒꯤ ꯲꯰꯰꯳ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯤꯜ ꯹ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯏꯔꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯄꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/baghdad_04-09-03.html|title=Online NewsHour Update: Coalition Says Iraqi Regime Has Lost Control of Baghdad&amp;nbsp;— 9 April 2003|publisher=PBS|date=9 April 2003|accessdate=18 October 2022|archivedate=1 December 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201163438/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/baghdad_04-09-03.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯔꯤꯚꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯔꯤ ꯑꯔꯕ ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯕꯥ’ꯊ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯕꯥꯒꯗꯥꯗꯇꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕꯥ’ꯊ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ, ꯏꯔꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯥ’ꯊ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤ —ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯕ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯂꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯕ ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯖꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯕꯥ’ꯊꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯫ —꯱꯹꯶꯸ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯅꯐꯃꯗꯥ (ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯱꯷ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯈꯤ ) ꯏꯔꯥꯀꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯍꯃꯗ ꯍꯥꯁꯥꯟ ꯑꯜ-ꯕꯀꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯛꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯔꯝ ꯐꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯁꯣꯛꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯱꯹꯷꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯆꯜꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯅꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯛ ꯄꯦꯠꯔꯣꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯡꯛꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯀꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;economist2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/2792407?story_id=2792407|title=Banking in Iraq&amp;nbsp;– A tricky operation|date=24 June 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯱꯹꯷꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯂꯍꯅꯈꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯅꯐꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯃꯤꯠꯂꯣꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯟꯅꯤ ꯑꯔꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯅꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Saddam Hussein: A Political Biography}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯀꯀꯤ ''ꯗꯦ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯣ'' ꯍꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯱꯹꯷꯹ꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯪꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯕꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯔꯗꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯪ ꯀꯌꯥꯕꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯈꯤ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/58276.pdf|title=U.S. Relations With Anti-Saddam Groups|publisher=Congressional Research Service}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯔꯥꯟ–ꯏꯔꯥꯛ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯜꯐ ꯋꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯈꯤ,  ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯇꯦꯂꯤꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ, [lower-alpha 3] ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;Sassoon 2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sassoon|first=Joseph|date=February 2017|title=Aaron M. Faust, ''The Ba'thification of Iraq: Saddam Hussein's Totalitarianism'' [Book Review]|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/aaron-m-faust-the-bathification-of-iraq-saddam-husseins-totalitarianism-austin-tex-university-of-texas-press-2015-pp-296-5500-cloth-isbn-9781477305577/3E2A3E4D523556848C0E24AC9318B019|journal=[[International Journal of Middle East Studies]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|volume=49|issue=1|pages=205–206|doi=10.1017/S0020743816001392|quote=First, Faust totally ignores the economy in his analysis. This oversight is remarkable given his attempt to trace how the regime became totalitarian, which, by definition, encompasses all facets of life.&amp;nbsp;... Second, the comparison with Stalin or Hitler is weak when one takes into consideration how many Iraqis were allowed to leave the country. Although citizens needed to undergo a convoluted and bureaucratic procedure to obtain the necessary papers to leave the country, the fact remains that more than one million Iraqis migrated from Iraq from the end of the Iran–Iraq War in 1988 until the US-led invasion in 2003. Third, religion under Stalin did not function in the same manner as it did in Iraq, and while Faust details how the Shia were not allowed to engage in some of their ceremonies, the average Iraqi was allowed to pray at home and in a mosque.&amp;nbsp;... it is correct that the security services kept a watch on religious establishments and mosques, but the Iraqi approach is somewhat different from that pursued by Stalin's totalitarianism.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯥꯥꯥꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯲꯵꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯔꯣꯝ ꯁꯤꯈꯤꯕꯥ &lt;ref name=&quot;250k&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2004/01/25/war-iraq-not-humanitarian-intervention|title=War in Iraq: Not a Humanitarian Intervention|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯔꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯋꯦꯠꯇꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/26/weekinreview/the-world-how-many-people-has-hussein-killed.html|title=How Many People Has Hussein Killed?}}&lt;/ref&gt;

꯲꯰꯰꯳ꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯕꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯀꯇꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯌꯨ ꯑꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯄꯇꯤ ꯖꯔꯖ ꯗꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯎ ꯕꯨꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯙꯥꯟ ꯃꯟꯠꯔꯤ ꯇꯣꯅꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔꯅꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯜ ꯀꯥꯏꯗꯥꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯕꯥ’ꯊ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤ ꯃꯨꯠꯊꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯃꯣꯛꯔꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯤꯈꯜ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯲꯰꯰꯳ꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯳ꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯐꯥꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯝ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯆꯠꯊꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯔꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯤꯝ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯲꯰꯰꯶ꯀꯤ ꯅꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯵ꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯕꯨ ꯏꯔꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯱꯹꯸꯲ꯗꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯱꯴꯸ ꯁꯤꯈꯤꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯲꯰꯰꯶ꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯳꯰ꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;BBCexecution&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6218485.stm|work=BBC News|title=Saddam Hussein executed in Iraq|date=30 December 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯉꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ==
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Saddam Hussein in 1956.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8.jpg/170px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8.jpg|left|thumb| ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯉ꯭ꯒꯪꯗꯥ, ꯇꯤꯛꯔꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯇꯥ, ꯱꯹꯵꯶]]
ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯁꯨꯚꯥ ꯇꯨꯂꯐꯥꯍ ꯑꯜ-ꯃꯨꯁꯜꯂꯥꯠꯄꯨ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯱꯹꯳꯷ ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯤꯜ ꯲꯸ ꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯛꯔꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯉ꯭ꯒꯪ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯖꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯁꯨꯚꯥꯅꯥ “ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏ” ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯝꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;ref5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Was a Tyrant Prefigured by Baby Saddam?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/15/books/was-a-tyrant-prefigured-by-baby-saddam.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯕꯤ ꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯤꯝ ꯑꯜ-ꯍꯥꯁꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯝꯕꯨ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥꯈꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Saddam's Roots an Abusive Childhood|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/01/25/saddams-roots-an-abusive-childhood/2c5af56e-6413-410b-a1cf-5c215f1f64c2/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;beat1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Saddam is Iraq: Iraq is Saddam|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a424787.pdf|publisher=Maxwell Airforce Base}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯰ ꯁꯨꯔꯛꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯃꯄꯥ ꯈꯥꯏꯔꯥꯜꯂꯥꯍ ꯇꯥꯂꯐꯥꯍꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯒꯗꯥꯗꯇꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;Karsh 13–15&quot; /&gt; ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯐꯥꯍ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯏ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯨꯟꯅꯤ ꯃꯨꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯴꯱ꯗꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ [[ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯢꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯤꯡꯗꯝ|ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯏꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯤꯡꯗꯃꯒꯤ]] ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯣ-ꯏꯔꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯇꯔꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯃꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;Eric Davis, ''Memories of State: Politics, History, and Collective Identity in Modern Iraq'', [[University of California Press]], 2005.&lt;/ref&gt; ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯐꯥꯍꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯕꯥꯒꯗꯥꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯆꯠ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯖꯥ-ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯕꯨ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯁꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;Karsh 13–15&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Saddam Hussein: A Political Biography|year=2002|url=https://archive.org/details/saddamhusseinpol0000kars|publisher=[[Grove Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯣꯛ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯤꯛꯔꯤꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ-ꯃꯇꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯏꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯔ ꯈꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯒꯗꯥꯗꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯃꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯅꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯂꯣ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯇꯃꯈꯤ, ꯱꯹꯵꯷ꯇꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯲꯰ ꯁꯨꯔꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯚꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯔꯤ ꯄꯥꯟ-ꯑꯔꯕ ꯕꯥꯊ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯧꯒꯠꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Old Social Classes &amp; The Revolutionary Movement in Iraq}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯕꯥꯑꯥꯊꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥ|ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ]] ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯕꯥꯑꯥꯊ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯂꯣꯋꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯱꯹꯵꯵ꯗꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯀꯇꯥ ꯕꯥꯑꯥꯊ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠ ꯳꯰꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯃꯗ ꯍꯥꯁꯥꯟ ꯑꯜ-ꯕꯀꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯑꯊꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;Karsh 13–15&quot;/&gt;
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:SaddamCairo.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/SaddamCairo.jpg/220px-SaddamCairo.jpg|thumb| ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥꯝ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥ’ꯊ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯔꯣꯏ ꯁꯦꯜ, [[ꯀꯥꯏꯔꯣ|ꯀꯥꯌꯔꯣ]], ꯱꯹꯵꯹–꯱꯹꯶꯳ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯫]]

==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ==
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="24806" sha1="cyu8b7ladeijixe1e88e4oc1t85oe6s" xml:space="preserve">'''ꯊꯕꯥꯇꯣꯟ''', ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯥ '''ꯊꯕꯥ''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Moirangthem Kirti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ|title=Folk Culture of Manipur|date=1993|publisher=Manas Publications|others=[[University of Michigan]]|isbn=978-81-7049-063-0|pages=14|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Regunathan|first=Sudhamahi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfDNm96yCPIC&amp;q=thabaton+lovingly+thaba&amp;pg=PA49|title=Folk Tales of the North-East|date=2005|publisher=[[Children's Book Trust]]|isbn=978-81-7011-967-8|pages=49|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ]] (ꯑꯔꯤꯕ [[ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ]])ꯒꯤ [[ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ]] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ [[ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯆꯠ]]ꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯕꯨꯡ ꯷ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ-ꯃꯅꯥꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯀꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ [[ꯀꯩꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯑꯣꯢꯕ]]ꯅ ꯐꯥꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯨꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯅꯕꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯦꯖꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=PhD|first=Patricia Monaghan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cj5OAwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=thabaton&amp;pg=PA127|title=Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines|date=2014-04-01|publisher=[[New World Library]]|isbn=978-1-60868-218-8|pages=127|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''ꯊꯥꯕꯥꯇꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ [[ꯀꯩꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯑꯣꯢꯕ|ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯒꯤ]]'' ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ [[ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯆꯠ|ꯃꯦꯏꯇꯦꯏ ꯐꯣꯛ ꯂꯤꯖꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ]] ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhUHEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=thabaton&amp;pg=PA342|title=The Cultural Heritage of Manipur|date=2020-11-25|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2020|isbn=978-1-000-29629-7|pages=342|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯀꯣꯗ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ==
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯅꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯄꯤꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ [[ꯀꯩꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯑꯣꯢꯕ|ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯅꯥ]] ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:
 
ꯀꯣꯗ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:
 

== ꯐꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ==
ꯂꯦꯗꯤ ꯊꯥꯕꯥꯇꯅꯕꯨ [[ꯀꯩꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯑꯣꯢꯕ|ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯅꯥ]] ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯔꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯥꯇꯣꯅꯕꯨ ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯣꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯉ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;:Bhattacharyya&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bhattacharyya|first=Rituparna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DEZ1EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=thabaton&amp;pg=PT190|title=Northeast India Through the Ages: A Transdisciplinary Perspective on Prehistory, History, and Oral History|date=2022-07-29|publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-62390-1|pages=190|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯚꯔꯖꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯣꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯇꯣꯅꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯣꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯉꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯉ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯣꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯣꯉꯅꯥꯑꯣꯗꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯈꯤ, ꯊꯣꯉꯅꯥꯑꯣ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯅꯕꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;:Beck&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Folktales of India|url=https://archive.org/details/folktalesofindia0000unse_l4i0|date=1999-04-15|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|year=1999|isbn=978-0-226-04083-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/folktalesofindia0000unse_l4i0/page/101 101]–106|language=en|chapter=Thabaton (Manipur)}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:Adhikary&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Feminist Folktales from India|date=2003|publisher=|year=2003|isbn=978-0-9714127-3-6|pages=48–52|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯂꯤꯆꯠ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯅꯩꯅꯕ ==
ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯣꯅꯕꯨ ''&quot;ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ, ꯐꯖꯕꯥ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ&quot; ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ'' ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmKu3t-sYi4C&amp;dq=thabaton&amp;pg=PA104|title=Folktales of India|date=1999-04-15|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|year=1999|isbn=978-0-226-04083-7|pages=104|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ [[ꯀꯩꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯑꯣꯢꯕ|ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯅꯥ]] ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;:Beck&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Beck|first=Brenda E. F.|title=Folktales of India|url=https://archive.org/details/folktalesofindia0000unse_l4i0|date=1999-04-15|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=978-0-226-04083-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/folktalesofindia0000unse_l4i0/page/101 101]–106|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBeckClausGoswamiHandoo1999&quot;&gt;Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999-04-15). [https://books.google.com/books?id=jmKu3t-sYi4C&amp;q=Thabaton&amp;pg=PA105 &quot;Thabaton (Manipur)&quot;]. ''Folktales of India''. [[ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯆꯤꯀꯥꯒꯣ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯫|University of Chicago Press]]. pp.&amp;nbsp;101–106. [[ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.(ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔ)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ:ꯕꯨꯀꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡ/꯹꯷꯸-꯰-꯲꯲꯶-꯰꯴꯰꯸꯳-꯷|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-226-04083-7&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Cite book|cite book]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: CS1 maint: date and year ([[ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ:ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯱ ꯃꯦꯟꯇ: ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ꯫|link]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 maint: date and year]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:Adhikary&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Adhikary|first=Qiron|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LajbAtQW9D8C&amp;q=Thabaton&amp;pg=PA50|title=Feminist Folktales from India|date=2003|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9714127-3-6|pages=48–52|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAdhikary2003&quot;&gt;Adhikary, Qiron (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=LajbAtQW9D8C&amp;q=Thabaton&amp;pg=PA50 ''Feminist Folktales from India'']. pp.&amp;nbsp;48–52. [[ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.(ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔ)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ:ꯕꯨꯀꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡ/꯹꯷꯸-꯰-꯹꯷꯱꯴꯱꯲꯷-꯳-꯶|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-9714127-3-6&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Cite book|cite book]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: CS1 maint: date and year ([[ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ:ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯱ ꯃꯦꯟꯇ: ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ꯫|link]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 maint: date and year]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:Patricia&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Monaghan|first=Patricia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zHxlL8my-YC&amp;dq=thabaton&amp;pg=PA209|title=Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines [2 volumes]|date=2009-12-18|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=978-0-313-34990-4|pages=209|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯚꯔꯖꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯗꯤ ꯊꯥꯕꯥꯇꯣꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯋꯥꯌ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯄꯥꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯣꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯂꯣ ꯕꯦꯝꯕꯣꯛ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ (ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯦꯝꯕꯣꯛ ꯄꯣꯜ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯗꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯥꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯝꯕꯣꯛ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯛ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯀꯆꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯉꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯩꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯕꯥꯇꯣꯟ ꯃꯩ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯈꯤ꯫ [lower-alpha 2] &lt;ref name=&quot;:Beck&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:Adhikary&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:Patricia&quot; /&gt;

ꯄꯦꯠꯔꯣꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯃꯣꯅꯥꯘꯥꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ &quot;ꯑꯦꯅꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯣꯄꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯒꯣꯗꯦꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯍꯤꯔꯣꯏꯅꯁ&quot; ꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯥꯇꯅꯕꯨ [[ꯀꯩꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯑꯣꯢꯕ|ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥꯒꯤ]] ꯁꯦꯛꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;:Patricia&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Monaghan|first=Patricia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zHxlL8my-YC&amp;dq=thabaton&amp;pg=PA209|title=Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines [2 volumes]|date=2009-12-18|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-313-34990-4|pages=209|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMonaghan2009&quot;&gt;[[ꯄꯦꯠꯔꯣꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯃꯣꯅꯥꯘꯥꯟ꯫|Monaghan, Patricia]] (2009-12-18). [https://books.google.com/books?id=8zHxlL8my-YC&amp;dq=thabaton&amp;pg=PA209 ''Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines &amp;#x5B;2 volumes&amp;#x5D;'']. [[ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ.-ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯣ|ABC-CLIO]]. p.&amp;nbsp;209. [[ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.(ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔ)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ:ꯕꯨꯀꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡ/꯹꯷꯸-꯰-꯳꯱꯳-꯳꯴꯹꯹꯰-꯴|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-313-34990-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Cite book|cite book]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: CS1 maint: date and year ([[ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ:ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯱ ꯃꯦꯟꯇ: ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ꯫|link]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 maint: date and year]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ ꯂꯥꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ==
ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ''&quot;ꯁ꯭ꯃꯥꯔꯠ ꯄꯔꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏ&quot; ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ'' ꯃꯣꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J33YAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=thabaton|title=The Storyteller's Sourcebook: A Subject, Title, and Motif Index to Folklore Collections for Children, 1983-1999|date=2001|publisher=[[Gale Group]]|others=[[Indiana University]]|year=2001|isbn=978-0-8103-5485-2|pages=225|language=en|quote=Smart person won't open door to stranger. Seven brothers leave sister (271.5.1). Thabaton, with warning not to open door until they return. With help of neigh- bor woman, who doesn't want to be eaten, tiger demon tricks Thabaton into opening door, carries her into ...}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ==
{{Infobox character|color=#FBEC5D &lt;!-- headers background color; the foreground color is automatically computed --&gt;|name=Thabaton|series=[[Keibu Keioiba (Tiger Head)]] &lt;!-- or |franchise=; use without the italic on the outside --&gt;|image=The appearance of the animated film character Thabaton in the film &quot;Keibu Keioiba (Tiger Head)&quot;.jpeg|alt=|caption=The appearance of the animated film character Thabaton in the 2009 [[Meitei language]] animation film &quot;[[Keibu Keioiba (Tiger Head)]]&quot;|first_major=film &lt;!-- per [[MOS:MAJORWORK]] - major works include TV series, films, books, albums and games --&gt;|first_minor=&lt;!-- or |first_issue=; Per [[MOS:MINORWORK]] - minor works include TV episodes, chapters, songs and game missions --&gt;|first_date=2009|first=&lt;!-- Use instead of first_major= etc. when custom or complex formatting is needed. --&gt;|last_major=|last_minor=&lt;!-- or |last_issue= --&gt;|last_date=|last=&lt;!-- Use instead of last_major= etc. when custom or complex formatting is needed. --&gt;|creator=Bhumenjoy Konsam &lt;!-- only the credited creators; use adapted_by= for adaptations --&gt;|based_on={{based on|Thabaton}} &lt;!-- if not an original creation, use {{based on|character|author}} --&gt;|adapted_by=&lt;!-- for character adaption articles --&gt;|designer=Bhumenjoy Konsam&lt;ref name=&quot;:part-ii&quot; /&gt;|portrayer=Bhumenjoy Konsam&lt;ref name=&quot;:part-ii&quot; /&gt;|voice=Kalpana&lt;ref name=&quot;:part-ii&quot; /&gt;|motion_actor=|full_name=Thabaton|nickname=Thaba &lt;!-- or |nicknames= --&gt;|alias=&lt;!-- or |aliases= --&gt;|species=human being &lt;!-- or |race=; for non-humans only --&gt;|gender=female &lt;!-- if not obvious --&gt;|title=''&quot;Mabung Taretki Thabaton&quot;'' ({{langnf|2=Meitei|3=Thabaton of the seven brothers}})|occupation=sister of 7 brothers, housekeeping &lt;!-- or |position= or |class= --&gt;|affiliation=&lt;!-- or |alignment= --&gt;|fighting_style=|weapon=|family=7 siblings|spouse=[[Keibu Keioiba]] &lt;!-- or |spouses= --&gt;|significant_other=talking crow&lt;ref name=&quot;:part-ii&quot; /&gt; &lt;!-- or |significant_others= --&gt;|children=|relatives=seven brothers|religion=[[Meitei religion]]|origin=[[Kangleipak]] ({{langnf|2=Manipuri|3=[[Manipur]]}}) &lt;!-- or |home= --&gt;|nationality=}}
꯲꯰꯰꯹ꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ (ꯇꯥꯏꯒꯥꯔ ꯍꯦꯗ), ꯊꯥꯕꯥꯇꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯃꯦꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯃꯦꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯶ꯇꯒꯤ ꯲꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯀꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯳꯰ꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯂꯨꯛ-ꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯷ꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯱꯴ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯅꯤ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;:part-ii&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Naorem Nishikanta|title=Bhumenjoy Konsam on the Chemistry of Making Keibu-Kei-Oiba – Part II {{!}} Manipur Times|url=https://manipurtimes.com/bhumenjoy-konsam-on-the-chemistry-of-making-keibu-kei-oiba-part-ii/|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯪꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯚꯨꯃꯦꯅꯖꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯠ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯚꯨꯃꯦꯅꯖꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯌꯥꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯜ, ꯃꯤꯠ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯄꯣꯠꯆꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯗꯤ ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯖꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;:part-ii&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bhumenjoy Konsam on the Chemistry of Making Keibu-Kei-Oiba – Part II {{!}} Manipur Times|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSingh&quot;&gt;Singh, Naorem Nishikanta. [https://manipurtimes.com/bhumenjoy-konsam-on-the-chemistry-of-making-keibu-kei-oiba-part-ii/ &quot;Bhumenjoy Konsam on the Chemistry of Making Keibu-Kei-Oiba – Part II | Manipur Times&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2023-02-19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕ ꯐꯝꯄꯥꯛꯇ ꯎꯠꯄ ==

* ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯏꯔꯥꯝ ꯕꯥꯕꯨ ꯁꯤꯡꯍꯅꯥ ꯱꯹꯸꯰ꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗꯥ [[ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ|ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ]] ꯀꯦꯏꯅꯧ ꯈꯨꯉ꯭ꯒꯪꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤ ꯗꯦꯕꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯕꯥ &quot;ꯊꯥꯕꯇꯣꯟ&quot;ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯚꯔꯖꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯥꯛꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯡꯍꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmKu3t-sYi4C&amp;dq=thabaton&amp;pg=PA303|title=Folktales of India|date=1999-04-15|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|year=1999|isbn=978-0-226-04083-7|pages=303|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ꯲꯰꯰꯹ꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯤꯆꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯀꯦꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯏꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ (ꯇꯥꯏꯒꯔ ꯍꯦꯗ) ( Meitei 

== ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡ ==

* [[ꯀꯨꯁꯤꯅꯗꯍꯤꯃꯦ|ꯀꯨꯁꯤꯅꯥꯗꯥ]] ꯌꯥꯃꯇꯥ ꯅꯣ ꯑꯣꯔꯣꯆꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯕꯤꯔꯀꯄꯥ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-02-16|title=Heisnam Tomba's Play: Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba|url=https://stagebuzz.in/2020/02/16/heisnam-tombas-play-yamata-amasung-keibu-keioiba/|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ꯕꯦꯜꯂꯦ (ꯕꯤꯎꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯅꯥ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WOwJAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=thabaton|title=Seagull Theatre Quarterly|date=1996|publisher=Seagull Foundation for the Arts|others=[[Indiana University]]|pages=29|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ꯑꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯗꯥ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯕꯤꯕꯥ꯫
* [[ꯁꯤꯇꯥ|ꯁꯤꯇꯥꯕꯨ]] [[ꯔꯥꯕꯣꯟ|ꯔꯥꯕꯅꯅꯥ]] ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Beck|first=Brenda E. F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmKu3t-sYi4C&amp;dq=thabaton&amp;pg=PA103|title=Folktales of India|date=1999-04-15|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=978-0-226-04083-7|pages=103|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ ==

* ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯏ꯫
* [[ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯁꯥꯌꯣꯟ (ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ)|ꯐꯧꯏꯕꯤ ꯁꯥꯌꯣꯟ꯫]]
* [[ꯐꯧ-ꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯗ ꯔꯥꯢꯁ ꯒꯣꯗꯦꯁ|ꯐꯧ-ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯤ, ꯆꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ꯫]]

== ꯈꯪꯁꯤꯟꯒꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ==
{{Notelist}}

== ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯋꯦꯕꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ==

* e-pao.net ꯗ [http://e-pao.net/epSearchResults.asp?cx=partner-pub-3342616103029311%3A3788634109&amp;cof=FORID%3A10&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;q=Thabaton&amp;sa.x=0&amp;sa.y=0 ꯊꯕꯥꯇꯟ꯫]

[[ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯥꯢ ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ]]</text>
      <sha1>cyu8b7ladeijixe1e88e4oc1t85oe6s</sha1>
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    <title>ꯑꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀꯤꯑꯦꯚ</title>
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      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="25080" sha1="fo24ysz9kpmvnrvqd08g86fa5ulgwxi" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Senlis (60), ancienne abbaye Saint-Vincent, statue d'Anne de Kiev, à gauche du portail.jpg|thumb|upright|ꯀꯤꯑꯦꯚꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ]]

[[File:Statue Anne de Russie Reine de France (Senlis).jpg|thumb|upright|ꯀꯤꯑꯦꯚꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ]]

'''ꯀꯤꯑꯦꯚꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ''' ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ '''ꯑꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯚꯅꯥ''' (ꯁꯤ. ꯱꯰꯳꯰ – ꯱꯰꯷꯵) ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ]] ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯵꯱ꯗ [[ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ]]ꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤꯕ ꯀꯤꯚꯥꯟ ꯔꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯶꯰ꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤꯅ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒ ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯏꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯠ ꯔꯥꯜꯐ ꯃꯔꯤꯁꯨꯕꯒ ꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯂꯤꯁꯇ ꯑꯦꯕꯦ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯦꯟꯠ ꯚꯤꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ꯫&lt;ref&gt;Delorme, Philippe (2015). Anne de Kiev : épouse de Henri Ier. Paris: Pygmalion.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gregorovich, Andrew (2011). Anna Yaroslavna, Queen of France &amp; Princess of Ukraine: Anne De Kiev. Toronto: Forum.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;G. Duby, France in the Middle Ages, 987–1460, trans. J. Vale (Oxford, 1991), p. 117&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lobanov-Rostovskiĭ (1825). Recueil de Pièces Historiques sur la reine Anne ou Agnès, épouse de Henri Ier, Roi De France, et Fille de Iarosslaf Ier, Grand Duc de Russie. Paris: De Firmin Didot.&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯑꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯚ ꯗ ꯋꯥꯏꯖ, ꯀꯤꯑꯦꯚꯀꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯚꯒꯣꯔꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯤꯗꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯒꯦꯒꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯑꯣꯂꯣꯐꯁꯗꯣꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯄꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯉꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ; ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ ꯗꯦꯂꯣꯔꯃꯦꯅ ꯱꯰꯲꯷ꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯎ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯣꯔꯣꯚꯤꯆꯅ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯚꯇ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯤꯚꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯊꯥꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯱꯰꯳꯲ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ-ꯃꯅꯥꯎ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯪ-ꯃꯅꯥꯎꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯟꯕꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯔ ꯈꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯏꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯍꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯂꯤꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯶꯱ꯒꯤ ꯆꯦ-ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯗꯦꯂꯣꯔꯃꯦꯅ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯚꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯪ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯑꯦꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯣꯔꯣꯚꯤꯆꯅ ꯑꯦꯟꯅ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯇꯝꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ꯫&lt;ref&gt;Delorme, Philippe (2015). Anne de Kiev : épouse de Henri Ier. Paris: Pygmalion.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gregorovich, Andrew (2011). Anna Yaroslavna, Queen of France &amp; Princess of Ukraine: Anne De Kiev. Toronto: Forum.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;G. Duby, France in the Middle Ages, 987–1460, trans. J. Vale (Oxford, 1991), p. 117&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lobanov-Rostovskiĭ (1825). Recueil de Pièces Historiques sur la reine Anne ou Agnès, épouse de Henri Ier, Roi De France, et Fille de Iarosslaf Ier, Grand Duc de Russie. Paris: De Firmin Didot.&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯑꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯸ ꯁꯨꯔꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯴꯰ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯦꯡꯕꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯜꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯅ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯛ ꯐꯪꯍꯧꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯔ꯭ꯆꯅ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯗꯕ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯗꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯗꯕ ꯀꯩꯅꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯀꯤꯚꯥꯟ ꯔꯁ' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯅ ꯈꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯚꯅ ꯕꯥꯏꯖꯦꯟꯇꯥꯏꯟ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯕꯨ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞꯂꯣꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫&lt;ref&gt;Delorme, Philippe (2015). Anne de Kiev : épouse de Henri Ier. Paris: Pygmalion.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gregorovich, Andrew (2011). Anna Yaroslavna, Queen of France &amp; Princess of Ukraine: Anne De Kiev. Toronto: Forum.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;G. Duby, France in the Middle Ages, 987–1460, trans. J. Vale (Oxford, 1991), p. 117&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lobanov-Rostovskiĭ (1825). Recueil de Pièces Historiques sur la reine Anne ou Agnès, épouse de Henri Ier, Roi De France, et Fille de Iarosslaf Ier, Grand Duc de Russie. Paris: De Firmin Didot.&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯴꯹ꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯝ ꯊꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯱꯰꯵꯰ꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯅꯤꯡꯊꯥꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯕꯤꯁꯣꯞ ꯒꯧꯊꯤꯌꯔ, ꯆꯧꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯒꯣꯁꯦꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯚꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯗ ꯊꯥꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯔꯨꯁꯇ ꯗꯤꯄ꯭ꯂꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯔꯣꯖꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯆꯦꯂꯣꯟꯁꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟꯅ ꯀꯤꯑꯦꯚꯇ &quot;ꯏꯅꯥꯛ ꯈꯨꯜꯂꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯜꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ&quot; ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯎꯟꯄꯣꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯆꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯍꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤꯒ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯵꯱ꯒꯤ ꯃꯦ ꯱꯹ꯗ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯦꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯠꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯛꯂꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯨꯟ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯵꯱ꯒꯤ ꯃꯦ ꯱꯹ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯠꯕꯔ꯭ꯠꯄꯨ ꯀꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯁꯣꯞ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯕꯨ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯛ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯨꯍꯨꯞ ꯎꯞꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯔꯦꯝꯁ ꯀꯦꯊꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯜꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯐꯝꯕꯥꯜ ꯇꯣꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯈꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯃꯥꯄꯟ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ: ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ, ꯔꯣꯕꯔ꯭ꯠ (ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯕ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯨꯒ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟꯕꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯤꯡ &quot;ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ&quot; ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯄ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥꯗ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ; ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ꯭ꯟ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯵꯵ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯏꯃꯥ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ; ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯁꯤꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯉꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯤꯑꯦꯚꯀꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯒꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯑꯦꯟꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯝꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯥꯆꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯵꯸ꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯟ꯭ꯇ-ꯃꯧꯔ-ꯗꯦꯁ-ꯐꯣꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯣꯅꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯈꯨꯡꯒꯪ ꯈꯔꯗ &quot;ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ, ꯔꯣꯕꯔ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯨꯒꯀꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅ&quot; ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯎꯔꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯝꯗꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯃꯥꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯵꯹ꯗ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤꯅ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯌꯟ ꯔꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯔꯆꯀ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ, ꯄꯣꯞ ꯅꯤꯀꯣꯂꯁ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯁꯨꯕꯅ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯑꯦꯟꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯕꯨ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ-ꯃꯤꯅꯩ ꯆꯠꯊꯕ ꯍꯤꯡꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯈꯨꯠꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯤꯊꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯥꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯋꯥꯀꯠꯅꯕ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯗꯦꯂꯣꯔꯃꯦꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ, ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯅꯩꯅꯔꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅ ꯄꯣꯞꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯄ ꯆꯤꯊꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯅ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ꯭ꯟ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟ ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯂꯤꯖꯝꯗ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯤꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯶꯰ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯒꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯴ꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤꯅ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯐꯝꯕꯥꯜ ꯀꯥꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯦꯂꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏꯕ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯟꯗꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯠ ꯕꯥꯜꯗꯋꯤꯟ ꯵ꯕꯨ ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞꯀꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯇ ꯏꯆꯪꯊꯧꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ; ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯶꯰ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯥꯜꯗꯋꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯖꯥꯁꯨ ꯅꯦꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯠꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯤ; ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯔꯤꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯠ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯄꯤꯟ ꯂꯦ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯗ ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯕꯣꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯣꯏꯁꯟꯁꯇ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ ꯆꯦ-ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯏꯕ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯠꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯊꯝꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ, ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯂꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇꯤ &quot;ꯑꯦꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯏꯅꯥ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ &quot;ꯀ꯭ꯋꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯟ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯇ ꯑꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ-ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯶꯱ꯗ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯏꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯠ ꯔꯥꯜꯐ ꯃꯔꯤꯁꯨꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯩ-ꯃꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ (ꯔꯥꯜꯐ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ-ꯃꯅꯥꯎ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯔꯥꯜꯐꯅ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤ ꯍꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯅꯦꯖꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯔꯥꯜꯐꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯇꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯔꯥꯜꯐꯀꯤ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯔꯥꯜꯐꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯶꯰ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯦꯡꯕꯗ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯄꯟꯕ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯷꯴ꯗ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯑꯦꯟꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯂꯨꯈ꯭ꯔꯥꯕꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯈꯤ꯫
ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯶꯲ꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ ꯁꯥꯔꯥꯒꯣꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯠ ꯚꯤꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯇ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯂꯤꯁꯇ ꯀꯥꯏꯊꯔꯛꯂꯕ ꯆꯦꯄꯦꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯉꯝꯅꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯣꯅꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯆꯤꯊꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯆꯤꯊꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯝꯊꯥꯛ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, &quot;ꯃꯦꯔꯤ, ꯏꯁ꯭ꯋꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ &quot;ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯌꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯝꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯂꯔ ꯈꯔꯅ ꯑꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯤꯊꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅ ꯏꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟꯅ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯉꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ꯫ ꯗꯦꯂꯣꯔꯃꯦꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯵ꯗ-ꯁꯦꯟꯂꯤꯁꯇ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ—ꯏꯪ ꯱꯰꯷꯵ꯗ (ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯨꯠꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯤꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ)ꯗ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯱꯰꯸꯰ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ꯫ ꯇꯔꯃꯤꯅꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯱꯰꯸꯹ꯒꯤ ꯆꯦ-ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫
ꯏꯪ ꯱꯶꯸꯲ꯗ ꯖꯦꯁꯨꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯎꯗ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯀꯣꯏꯁ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯔꯅ ꯚꯤꯂꯤꯌꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯁꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯦꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯡꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯚꯤꯂꯤꯌꯔ꯭ꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯍꯨꯝꯗꯣꯏꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯝꯍꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟꯗ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ-ꯇꯥꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ꯫
꯱꯸ꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯃꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯅ ꯑꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯠꯂꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯌꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯦꯟꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯲꯰ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯗ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯂꯤꯖꯝꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯝꯗꯅ, ꯁꯣꯚꯤꯌꯦꯠ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟꯗ &quot;ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯚꯅꯥ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ&quot; (꯱꯹꯷꯸) ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗ &quot;ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯂꯤꯖꯝ&quot;ꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯟ ꯔꯨꯗꯅꯤꯠꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯅ ꯏꯕ &quot;ꯑꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯚꯅꯥ&quot; ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯶꯹ꯗ ꯀꯥꯔꯅꯦꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯜꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯸ꯗ ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯝꯞ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯰꯵ꯗ ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯂꯤꯁꯇ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯑꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯖꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯥꯕꯗ ꯇꯦꯡꯕꯥꯡꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯲ꯗ ꯔꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯄꯇꯤ ꯚꯤꯛꯇꯣꯔ ꯌꯨꯁꯆꯦꯟꯀꯣꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫&lt;ref&gt;Delorme, Philippe (2015). Anne de Kiev : épouse de Henri Ier. Paris: Pygmalion.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gregorovich, Andrew (2011). Anna Yaroslavna, Queen of France &amp; Princess of Ukraine: Anne De Kiev. Toronto: Forum.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;G. Duby, France in the Middle Ages, 987–1460, trans. J. Vale (Oxford, 1991), p. 117&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lobanov-Rostovskiĭ (1825). Recueil de Pièces Historiques sur la reine Anne ou Agnès, épouse de Henri Ier, Roi De France, et Fille de Iarosslaf Ier, Grand Duc de Russie. Paris: De Firmin Didot.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ ==
* [[ꯂꯦꯁꯌꯥ ꯎꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯟꯀꯥ]]
== ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ==
* {{cite Q|Q115751576|editor1=Henry Gardiner Adams}}&lt;!-- [[s:A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Anne of Russia]] --&gt;
* Bauthier, Robert-Henri. 'Anne de Kiev reine de France et la politique royale au Xe siècle', ''Revue des Etudes Slaves'', vol.57 (1985), pp.&amp;nbsp;543–45
* Bogomoletz, Wladimir V. ''Anna of Kiev. An enigmatic Capetian Queen of the eleventh century. A reassessment of biographical sources''. In: ''French History''. Jg. 19, Nr. 3, 2005,
* Bouyer, Christian: ''Dictionnaire des Reines de France''. Perrin, Paris 1992, {{ISBN|2-262-00789-6|}}, S.&amp;nbsp;135–137.
*Dauxois, Jacqueline. ''Anne de Kiev. Reine de France.'' Paris: Presse de la Renaissance, 2003. {{ISBN|2-85616-887-6|}}.
* de Caix de Saint-Aymour, Amédée. ''Anne de Russie, reine de France et comtesse de Valois au XIe siècle''. Paris: Honoré Champion, 1896.
* {{Cite book|title=Anne De Kiev : Épouse de Henri Ier|last=Delorme|first=Philippe|author-link = Philippe Delorme|publisher=Pygmalion|year=2015|isbn=978-2756414898|location=Paris}}
* Hallu, Roger. ''Anne de Kiev, reine de France''. Rome: Editiones Universitatis catholicae Ucrainorum, 1973.
*{{cite book|last=Horne|first=Alistair|author-link=Alistair Horne|title=La belle France: A Short History|url=https://archive.org/details/labellefrancesho00horn|url-access=registration|year=2005|location=New York|publisher=Knopf|isbn=9781400041404}}
*{{cite book|title=Women and Art in Early Modern Europe: Patrons, Collectors, and Connoisseurs|editor-first=Cynthia|editor-last=Lawrence|publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press|year=1997}}
*Lobanov-Rostovskii, Aleksandr Iakovlevich (1825). ''Recueil de Pièces Historiques sur la reine Anne ou Agnès, épouse de Henri Ier, Roi De France, et Fille de Iarosslaf Ier, Grand Duc de Russie''. Paris: Typ. De Firmin Didot, 1825.
*[http://www.history.illinois.edu/people/megmclau Megan McLaughlin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504173426/http://www.history.illinois.edu/people/megmclau |date=2017-05-04 }}, ''Sex, Gender, and Episcopal Authority in an Age of Reform, 1000–1122.'' Cambridge University Press, 2010.
*{{cite book|last=Raffensperger|first=Christian|title=Reimagining Europe: Kievan Rus' in the Medieval World|url=https://archive.org/details/reimaginingeurop0000raff|year=2012|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0674065468}}
*{{cite book|last=Raffensperger|first=Christian|author-link=Christian Raffensperger|title=Ties of Kinship: Genealogy and Dynastic Marriage in Kyivan Rus'|year=2016|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-1932650136}}
* Sokol, Edward D.: ''Anna of Rus, Queen of France''. In ''The New Review. A Journal of East European History''. Nr. 13, 1973, S.&amp;nbsp;3–13.
* Treffer, Gerd: ''Die französischen Königinnen. Von Bertrada bis Marie Antoinette (8.–18.&amp;nbsp;Jahrhundert).'' Pustet, Regensburg 1996, {{ISBN|3-7917-1530-5|}}, S. 81–83.
* Ward, Emily Joan. &quot;Anne of Kiev (c.1024-c.1075) and a reassessment of maternal power in the minority kingship of Philip I of France,&quot; published on 8 March 2016, Institute of Historical Research, London University.
* Woll, Carsten. ''Die Königinnen des hochmittelalterlichen Frankreich 987-1237/38 (= ''Historische Forschungen''. Band 24).'' Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2002, {{ISBN|3-515-08113-5|}}, S.&amp;nbsp;109–116.

[[ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡ]]</text>
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    <title>ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:খুবী লৈমা</title>
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'''&quot;খুবী লৈম&quot;''' (দেনীস: '''&quot;Tommelise&quot;''', {{lang-en|&quot;Thumbelina&quot;}}) হাইবসী দেনীসা লোন্দা হেন্্সা খ্রীস্তীয়ান্ এন্দরসন্না ইবা অসেম্ৱারী অমনী ।
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Calineczka VP ubt.jpeg|thumb]]
== ৱারী ==
অঙাং অমা পাম্জবা নুপী অমনা লম্বোইবী অমদা পাওতাক্ পীনবা হংই, অমসুং মহাক্পু ময়ুম্দা চৎতুনা থানবা হাইরীবা বারলী অমা পীরক্ই (মেরী হোৱীৎনা ইং ১৮৪৭কী অহান্বা ইংলীসা হন্দোক্পদা, ৱারী অসী লৌমী অমগী লোইনবীদা চীনজাক্কী মহুৎতা বারলীকোর্ন্ অমা পীবগা লোইননা হৌদোক্ই)। বারলীকোর্ন্ অদু থারবা মতুংদা অমসুং হৌরক্লবা মতুংদা, থম্বেলীনা (তোম্মেলীস) কৌবা অপীক্পা নুপীমচা অমা মসীগী লৈদগী থোরক্ই।
নুমীদাং অমদা, মহাক্কী ৱাল্নৎ-সেল্ ক্রেদল্দা তুম্দুনা লৈরীবা থম্বেলীনাবু মহাক্কী মচানুপাগীদমক্ কন্য অমা ওইনা পাম্লীবা তোদা অমনা পুদুনা চৎলী। মরুপ্-মপাংগী ঙা অমসুং কুরাক্ অমগী মতেংনা থম্বেলীনানা তোদা অমসুং মহাক্কী মচানুপা অদুদগী নান্থোক্ই, অমসুং কোক্চাফরা অমনা ফাদ্রীফাওবা লীলী পেদা অমদা চেন্থৈ, মদুগী মতুংদা মহাক্কী মরুপ্সীংনা মহাক্কী কম্পেনী অদু য়াদবা মতম্দা মহাক্পু থাদোক্ই।
থম্বেলীনানা মসাবু মচাক্সীংদগী ঙাক্থোক্নবা হোৎনৈ। নীংথম্ থা লাক্লবা মতম্দা, মহাক্ য়াম্না সাথীনা অৱাবা ফীভম্দা লৈ। মহাক্পু অরোইবদা অরীবা ফীল্দা মাওসা অমনা চংজফম্ পী অমসুং মহাক্কী লৈফম্ অদু থাগৎপা ফোংদোক্তুনা য়েংসীল্লী। থম্বেলীনানা লৌবুক্কী মাওসকী য়ুম্লোন্নরীবা মোল্ অমদা চৎলীঙৈদা অসোক্ অপন্ নংলবা স্বাল্লো অমা উই। মহাক্না নুমীদাং অমদা স্বাল্লো অদুগা উনৈ অমসুং মহাক্পু করী থোক্খীবগে হাইবদু খংদোক্ই। মহাক্না অহীং নোংয়াইদা ফীল্দা মাওসা হাইদনা স্বাল্লো অদুদা চৎলী অমসুং মহাক্পু পাংগল্ হেনগৎহন্বদা মতেং পাংনবা হোৎনৈ অমসুং মহাক্না মহাক্কা লোইননা ইসৈ সক্পা অমসুং মঙোন্দা ৱারীসীং হাইবা অমসুং য়েনীংথা লাক্ত্রীফাওবা নীংথম্থাদা মহাক্কী ৱারীসীং তাবদা তোইনা মতম্ লেল্লী। স্বাল্লো অদুনা, হক্চাং ফরবা মতুংদা, মহাক্ মফম্ অদুদা অমুক্ হন্না লাক্কনী হাইনা ৱাসক্ই অমসুং থুম্বেলীনাদা বীদাই হাইদুনা পাইথোক্ই।
নীংথম্থাগী অরোইবদা, মাওসনা থম্বেলীনাবু তীল্ অদুগা লুহোংনবা হাইরী, অদুবু থম্বেলীনানা অসীগুম্বা জীবা অমগা লুহোংবগী ৱাখল্লোন্ অদু য়াম্না নুংঙাইতবা ফাওৱী মরম্দী মহাক্না মহাক্কী নুমীৎ পুম্নমক্ লৈনুংদা লেল্লী অমসুং মহাক্না অরীবা পুৱারী অমসুং অতোপ্পা হীরম্ কয়াগী মতাংদা মহাক্কী লৌসীং অদুনা পুক্নীং চীংসীন্নীংঙাই ওইরবসু নুমীৎ নৎত্রগা অতীয়া কৈদৌনুংদা উদে। ফীল্দা মাওসা অদুনা থম্বেলীনাবু লুহোংবদা তক্সীল্লী, তীল্ অদু মহাক্কীদমক্তা অফবা লম্বা অমনী হাইনা তক্সীল্লী। অরোইবদা থম্বেলীনানা য়ানীংদবা নৎতনা অপাম্বা খরা উদে, অদুবু তীল্ অদুনা মহাক্পু লৈনুংদা থম্মী অমসুং নুমীৎ কৈদৌনুংদা উখীদে হাইবগী ৱাখল্লোন্ অদু খাংবা ঙম্দে।
অরোইবা মীকুপ্তা, থম্বেলীনানা স্বাল্লোগা লোইননা অরাপ্পা লম্ অমদা চেন্দুনা ফীভম্ অদুদগী নান্থোক্ই। নুংসা সাবা লৈসীংগী লম্ অমদা, থম্বেলীনানা মহাক্কী চাওবগী চাং অমসুং মহাক্না পাম্জবা মতুং ইন্না অপীক্পা লৈ-ফেরী প্রীন্সা অমগা উনৈ; মখোইনা অরোইবদা লুহোংখী। মহাক্না মহাক্কী মপুরোইবগা লোইননা লৈদগী লৈ ফাওবগী খোংচৎসীংদা মহাক্কা লোইননবা মসা জুরা অমা ফংই, অমসুং অনৌবা মমীং অমা ওইরীবা মাইয়া ফংই। অরোইবদা, থম্বেলীনানা লৈ-ফেরী রাজকুমারা অদুগা লুহোংলবা মতুংদা স্বাল্লো অদু থমোই কাই, অমসুং অরোইবদা অপীক্পা য়ুম্ অমদা য়ৌরক্লবা মতুংদা পাই। মফম্ অদুদা মহাক্না থম্বেলীনাগী ৱারী অদু এন্দরসন্ মসামক্নী হাইনা লৌনরীবা মীওই অমদা হাইরী, মহাক্না ৱারী অদু লাইরীক্ অমদা লীরী।

==সীসু য়েংঙু==
* [[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:ঙালৈমা অপীক্পী|ঙালৈমা অপীক্পী]]

==মতেং লৌরক্ফম্==
{{Commons category|Thumbelina}}
*[http://www.andersen.sdu.dk/vaerk/hersholt/Thumbelina_e.html ''Thumbelina''] English translation by [[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:Jean Hersholt|Jean Hersholt]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110210163019/http://thumbelinathemusical.com/ ''Thumbelina: The Musical''] Musical of ''Thumbelina'' by Chris Seed and Maxine Gallagher

{{Wikisource|Thumbelina}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Andersen |first1=Hans Christian |author-link=Hans Christian Andersen |year=1983 |orig-year=1974 |title=The Complete Fairy Tales and Stories |url=https://archive.org/details/completefairytal0000ande_z8q3 |translator-last1=Haugaard |translator-first1=Erik Christian |location=New York, NY |publisher=Anchor Books |isbn=0-385-18951-6}}
*{{cite book |last=Andersen |first= Hans Christian |year= 2000 |orig-year=1871 |title=The Fairy Tale of My Life |url=https://archive.org/details/fairytaleofmylif0000ande_q4n5 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Cooper Square Press |isbn=0-8154-1105-7}}
* {{cite book | last = Andersen | first = Hans Christian | title = The Annotated Hans Christian Andersen | url = https://archive.org/details/annotatedhanschr0000ande | publisher = W.W. Norton | location = New York | year = 2008 | isbn = 9780393060812 |editor1-last=Tatar |editor1-first=Maria |editor1-link=Maria Tatar}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Classe |editor-first=O.  |year=2000 |title=Encyclopedia of Literary Translation into English; v.2 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofli0000unse_w8x0 |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers |isbn=1-884964-36-2}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Eastman |editor-first=Mary Huse  |title=Index to Fairy Tales, Myths and Legends |publisher=BiblioLife, LLC}}
* {{cite book |last1=Frank |first1=Diane Crone |last2=Frank |first2=Jeffrey |year=2005 |title=The Stories of Hans Christian Andersen |location=Durham, NC and London, UK |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=0-8223-3693-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/storiesofhanschr0000ande }}
* {{cite book |last1=Opie |first1=Iona |author-link=Iona Opie |last2=Opie |first2=Peter |author2-link=Peter Opie |year=1974 |title=The Classic Fairy Tales |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-211559-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/classicfairytale00opie_0 }}
* {{cite book |last=Sale |first=Roger |year=1978 |title=Fairy Tales and After: From Snow White to E.B. White |location=New Haven, CT |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=0-674-29157-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/fairytalesafter00roge_9tt }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Siegel |editor-first=Elaine V.  |year=1992 |title=Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Women |url=https://archive.org/details/psychoanalyticpe0000unse_x9n4 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Brunner/Mazel, Inc. |isbn=0-87630-655-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Wullschlager |first=Jackie |year=2002 |title=Hans Christian Andersen: The Life of a Storyteller |url=https://archive.org/details/hanschristianand0000wull |url-access=registration |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-91747-9}}
{{Refend}}
[[Category:ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯅ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ|ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯅ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:উন্ অঙৌবী</title>
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      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="24295" sha1="sdvlu6div8by32s9r2u6pcqby4mbr5l" xml:space="preserve">{{Transliterated|ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:উন্ অঙৌবী|ꯎꯟ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯤ|article=ꯎꯟ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯤ|oldid=53087|reviewed=}}

'''&quot;ওন্ অঙৌবী&quot;''' (জরমন্: '''&quot;Schneewittchen&quot;''', {{lang-en|&quot;Snow White&quot;}}) অসী ঙসী নোংচুপ্কী মালেম্দা লীনরীবা ১৯সুবা চহীচাগী জরমনগী ফুংগাৱারী অমনী।
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Schneewittchen2.jpg|thumb]]
== ৱারী ==
ৱারী অসীগী হৌরক্পদা, মহারানী অমনা নীংথম্থাগী উন্ তাবা মতম্দা অহাংবা থোংনাও অমদা ফম্দুনা ফম্মী, মদুদা মহাক্না মহাক্কী খুৎসা অদু মহাক্কী য়েৎতুনা সোক্হল্লী, মসীনা অমুবা থোংনাও অদুদা নৌনা তাখীবা অঙৌবা উন্ অদুদা অঙাংবা ইগী মরী অহুম্ চেন্থহল্লী। মদুগী মতুংদা মহাক্না মসামক্পু হাইজৈ, &quot;ঐহাক্না উনগুম্বা অঙৌবা, চীন্বান্ ইগুম্বা অঙাংবা অমসুং সম্ অদু ইবোনীগুম্বা অমুবা মচুগী মচানুপী অমা লৈরম্বা য়াই হাইবসী করম্না ওইগনী?&quot; মতম্ খরগী মতুংদা, রানী অদুনা স্নো ৱাইৎ হাইনা মীংথোন্বা মচানুপী অঙাং অমা পোক্পদগী লৈখীদে। (অদুম্ ওইনমক্, ৱারী অসীগী ইং ১৮১২গী মওং অসীদা, মহারানী অদু সীদে অদুবু মতুংদা ৱারী অসীগী মতুং তারক্পা ৱারীসীংদা মমা অতোম্বীনা তৌরীবা মওংগা মান্নৈ, মদুগী মনুংদা ইং ১৮৫৪গী হনজীন্বা য়াওরী। চহী অমগী মতুংদা, স্নো ৱাইৎকী মপা, নীংথৌনা অমুক্ হন্না লুহোংই। মহাক্কী অনৌবা লোইনবী অসী য়াম্না ফজৈ, অদুবু ফৎতবা অমসুং ফৎতবা নুপী অমনী, মহাক্ ফৎতবা লাই সাজৎ তৌৱী। অনৌবা মহারানী অদুনা মীত্রংগী মীংসেল্ অমা লৈ, মদু মহাক্না অয়ুক্ খুদীংগী হংই, &quot;ফক্লাংদা মীররা মীররা, পুম্নমক্কী মনুংদা খ্বাইদগী ফজবা মীংসেল্ অসী কনানো?&quot; মীংসেল্ অদুনা মতম্ পুম্নমক্তা মহারানীদা মহাক্ খ্বাইদগী অচুম্বনী হাইনা হাই।
মহারানী অদুনা মতম্ পুম্নমক্তা পাওখুম্ অদুদা পেনখী মরম্দী মীত্রংগী মীংসেল্ অদুনা কৈদৌনুংদা অরান্বা হাইখীদে। অদুবু স্নো ৱাইৎনা চহী তরেৎ সুরক্পা মতম্দা, মহাক্কী অচুম্বা অদু মহাক্কী মমা অপোক্পদগী হেল্লী। মহারানী অদুনা মহাক্কী মীংসেল্দা চপ্ মান্নবা ৱাহং অদু অমুক্ হন্না হংবা মতম্দা, মসীনা মঙোন্দা স্নো ৱাইৎ অসী খ্বাইদগী অচুম্বনী হাইনা হাই।
মসীনা মহারানীবু অচৌবা অৱাবা অমা পীরী। মহাক্ ইসা ফাওরক্ই, অমসুং মীকুপ্ অদুদগী হৌনা, মহাক্কী থমোই অদু মতম্গা লোইননা মহারানী অদুনা হেন্না নুংসীবা হেনগৎলক্লীবা স্নো ৱাইৎকী মায়োক্তা ওন্সীল্লী। অরোইবদা, মহাক্না সাদান্বা মীওই অমদা স্নো ৱাইৎপু উমংদা পুদুনা হাৎনবা য়াথং পী। স্নো ৱাইৎ সীখ্রে হাইবগী প্রমান্ ওইনা, মহারানীনা মহাক্পু মহাক্কী থমোইগা লোইননা হল্লক্পা পাম্মী, মদু মহাক্না মতম্ নাইদবা ওইনবগীদমক্ চাগনী। সাদান্বা মীওই অদুনা স্নো ৱাইৎপু উমংদা পুই, অদুবু মহাক্কী থাংগোল্ অদু থাংগৎলবা মতুংদা মহাক্না মসামক্পু মহাক্পু হাৎপা ঙম্দবা থেংনৈ। স্নো ৱাইৎনা মহাক্কী মমা অপোক্পগী ফৎতবা থৌরাং অদুগী মতাংদা খংলবা মতম্দা মহাক্না সাদান্বা মীওই অদুদা মমীৎ তাংনা হাইজৈ, &quot;ঐঙোন্দা অচুম্বা ৱায়েল্বু নোক্নীংবা অসী থাদোক্পীয়ু! ঐ উমংদা চেল্লগনী অমসুং কৈদৌনুংদা অমুক্ হন্না য়ুম্দা লাক্কনু!&quot; নীংথৌ মচানুপী অদুগী মমীৎতা তাবা মপী অদু উরবা মতুংদা, সাদান্বা মীওই অদুনা পাম্দনা স্নো ৱাইৎপু কন্বীনবা য়াই অমসুং মদুগী মহুৎতা মহারানীবু লম্ওক্কী থমোই অমা পুরক্ই।
পুং কয়া উমংদা কোইচৎ চৎলবা মতুংদা স্নো ৱাইৎনা দ্বারফা তরেৎকী কাংলুপ্ অমগী মনুং চন্বা অপীক্পা কোতেজা অমা ফংঙী। য়ুম্দা কনাগুম্বা অমৎতা লৈতবনা মরম্ ওইদুনা মহাক্না অপীক্পা চাক্লেন্ খরা চাই, মখোইগী ৱাইন্ খরা থক্ই, অমসুং মদুগী মতুংদা ফমুং পুম্নমক্ চাংয়েং তৌই। অরোইবদা, অরোইবা ফমুং অদু মহাক্কীদমক্ নুংঙাইবা ওই, অমসুং মহাক্ তুম্মী। দ্বারফসীং অদুনা ময়ুম্দা হল্লক্পা মতম্দা, মখোইগী য়ুম্দা হুরান্বা অমা থোক্খ্রে হাইবসী মখোইনা খুদক্তা খংলক্ই, মরম্দী মখোইগী য়ুম্গী পুম্নমক্ মরাং কাইনা লৈরী। খোইরাংনদুনা মখোইনা মথক্তা চৎলী অমসুং তুম্লীবা স্নো ৱাইৎ অদু ফংঙী।
মহাক্না হৌগৎলক্ই অমসুং মহাক্কী মমা অতোম্বীনা মহাক্পু হাৎনবা হোৎনখীবা অদুগী মতাংদা মখোইদা সন্দোক্না তাক্ই, অমসুং দ্বারফসীংনা মহাক্পু নুংসীজৈ অমসুং মহাক্পু য়ুম্দা থবক্ তৌবা মী ওইনা থবক্ অমা ফংনবা মখোইগা লোইননা লৈহনখী। মখোইনা মহাক্পু য়ুম্দা মথন্তা লৈবা মতম্দা চেক্সীন্নবা অমসুং চীংসীংদা থবক্ তৌরীঙৈদা কনাগুম্বা অমৎতা চংহন্দনবা চেক্সীনৱা পীরী।
স্নো ৱাইৎ অসী তসেংনা নুংসীজবা, অচুম্বা অমসুং ফজরবা নহা ওইরীবা নুপী অমা ওইনা চাওখৎলক্ই। মরক্সীদা, চহী তরাগী খুজীং অমগী মমাংদা মহাক্না স্নো ৱাইৎতগী নান্থোক্খ্রে হাইনা থাজবা লৈমা অদুনা মহাক্কী মীংসেল্দা অমুক্ হন্না হংই: &quot;ফক্লাংদা মীররা মীররা, হৌজীক্ খ্বাইদগী ফজবা মীওই অদু কনানো?&quot; মীংসেল্ অদুনা মঙোন্দা হাই মদুদী স্নো ৱাইৎ অসী হৌজীক্সু লম্ অসীদা খ্বাইদগী ফজবা ওইবতা নৎতনা মহাক্ হৌজীক্ দ্বারফসীংগা লোৎতুনা লৈরী। মহারানী অদুনা য়াম্না সাওৱী অমসুং নুপীমচা অদু মসামক্পু হাৎনবা ৱারেপ্ লৌৱী। অহান্বদা, মহাক্ অরীবা পেদলরা অমগী সক্তম্ লাংদুনা, দ্বারফসীংগী কোতেজতা থোক্লক্ই, অমসুং স্নো ৱাইৎতা মচু সংলবা, মুগা মচু য়াওবা বোদীসা অমা খুদোল্ ওইনা পী। মহারানী অদুনা মহাক্পু অসুক্কী মতীক্ চেৎনা ফাজীল্লী মদুনা স্নো ৱাইৎ অদু তাংঙী; দ্বারফসীংনা লেসসীং অদু থুগাইদুনা স্নো ৱাইৎপু অমুক্ হন্না হীংগৎহন্নবা মতম্ খক্তদা হল্লক্ই। মথংদা, মহারানী অদুনা কোম্বী য়োন্বা অমা ওইনা ফীজোল্ সেৎলী অমসুং স্নো ৱাইৎপু খুদোল্ অমা ওইনা ফজরবা সরু অমা লৌনবা থাজহল্লী; মহাক্না স্নো ৱাইৎকী সম্ অদু হু চেন্বা সম্ফু অদুনা সোক্হল্লী। নুপীমচা অদু সম্ফু অদুদগী হু অদুনা মাইথীবা পী, অদুবু মখোইনা মহাক্কী সম্দগী সম্ফু অদু লৌথোক্পা মতম্দা দ্বারফসীংনা অমুক্ হন্না হীংগৎহল্লী। অরোইবদা, মহারানী অদুনা লৌমী অমগী লোইনবী ওইনা মসাবু সক্তাক্ই অমসুং স্নো ৱাইৎতা হু চেন্বা সেম্ অমা পী। স্নো ৱাইৎনা মসী য়াবদা নীংঙম্দে, মরম্ অদুনা মহারানীনা সেম্ অদু তংখাইদা কক্ই, অঙৌবা (অসোক্-অপন্ য়াওদব) তংখাই অদু চাই অমসুং অঙাংবা হু য়াওবা তংখাই অদু স্নো ৱাইৎতা পী; নুপীমচা অদুনা য়াম্না থৱাই য়াওনা চীক্ই অমসুং মদুগী মতুংদা কোমাদা তাই, মসীনা মরম্ ওইদুনা মহারানীনা অরোইবদা মাইপাক্লে হাইনা খল্হল্লী। হন্দক্কী মতম্ অসীদা, দ্বারফসীংনা স্নো ৱাইৎপু অমুক্ হন্না হীংগৎহন্বা ঙম্খীদে, অমসুং মহারানীনা অরোইবদা মহাক্পু হাৎখ্রে হাইনা লৌরগা, মখোইনা মহাক্পু মহাক্কীদমক্ পোৎলোইবগী থৌরম্ অমা ওইনা গ্লাসা কেসকেৎ অমদা থম্মী।
মথংগী নুমীৎতা, নীংথৌমচা অমনা সাদান্বগী খোংচৎ অমগী মনুংদা মহাক্কী গ্লাসকী কোফীন্দা লৈরম্বা সীরবা স্নো ৱাইৎ অমদা চোংথৈ। সেবেন্ দ্বার্ফসতগী মহাক্কী ৱারী তারবা মতুংদা, নীংথৌমচা অদুনা স্নো ৱাইৎপু মহাক্কী মপাগী কোনুংদা লৈবা মহাক্কী মতীক্ চাবা পোথাফম্দা পুবা য়াহল্লী। খংহৌদনা, স্নো ৱাইৎপু পুথোক্-পুসীন্ তৌরীঙৈদা, নীংথৌমচা অদুগী সেবরীসীংগী মরক্তা অমনা চৎলী অমসুং মহাক্কী বেলেন্সা মাংই। মসীনা স্নো ৱাইৎকী খনাওদগী হু চেন্বা সেম্ অদুগী মচেৎ অদু লৌথোক্খী, মসীনা মহাক্পু মীত্রংগী মওংদা অমুক্ হন্না হীংগৎহনখী। (ইং ১৮১২গী মওংদা, নীংথৌমচা অদুনা স্নো ৱাইৎতা অসুক্কী মতীক্ পুক্নীং চংসীল্লী মদুদী মহাক্না চৎলীবা মফম্ অমহেক্তদা মহাক্কী কোফীন্ অদু পুদুনা চৎলী, মহাক্কী মীনাই অমনা, সাওরদুনা, স্নো ৱাইৎপু কোফীন্ অদুদগী লৌথোক্তুনা মহাক্কী মনীংদা য়ৈখী, মদুনা মরম্ ওইরগা সেম্গী মচেৎ অদু মহাক্কী খনাওদগী থোক্লক্খী)। নীংথৌমচা অদুনা অঙক্পা অসীনা য়াম্না হরাওৱী, অমসুং মহাক্না হৌজীক্ হীংলীবা অমসুং ফজনা লৈরীবা স্নো ৱাইৎকীদমক্ মহাক্কী নুংসীবা অদু লাওথোক্ই, মহাক্না মহাক্পু মায়োক্নদুনা উনবদা অঙক্পা ফাওরদুনা, মহাক্কী লুহোংবগী ৱাফম্ অদু ইকাই খুম্ননা য়াই।
নীংথৌমচা অদুনা স্নো ৱাইৎকী মমা পোক্তবী নৎতনা লৈবাক্ অদুগী মীপুম্ খুদীংমক্পু মখোইগী লুহোংবদা কৌৱী।
মহারানী অদুনা, অরোইবদা মসামক্পু স্নো ৱাইৎতগী নান্থোক্কনী হাইনা থাজদুনা, লৈবাক্ অসীদা খ্বাইদগী ফজবা মীওই ওইরীবা মহাক্কী মীত্রংগী মীংসেল্ অদু অমুক্ হন্না হংই। মীংসেল্ অদুনা নীংথৌমচা অমগী কন্য অমা লৈ হাইনা হাইরী, মহাক্ হৌজীক্ ফাওবা মঙোন্দগী হেন্না ফজৈ। মহারানীনা লুহোংবগী থৌরম্ অদুদা চৎতুনা থীজীন্নবা ৱারেপ্ লৌৱী। মহাক্না য়ৌরক্লবা মতুংদা, নীংথৌমচা অদুগী কন্য অসী মহাক্কী মচানুপী স্নো ৱাইৎ মসামক্নী হাইবা খংলবা মতম্দা মহারানী অদুনা সাওবা অমসুং অকীবা পোক্ই। য়াম্না সাওরবা মহারানীনা চরাংনবা থোক্হন্নবা হোৎনৈ অমসুং মহাক্পু অমুক্ হন্না হাৎনবা হোৎনৈ, অদুবু নীংথৌমচা অদুনা মহাক্কী কন্যদগী অচুম্বা অদু খংলবা মতম্দা মহাক্পু স্নো ৱাইৎতা চৈথেং অমা ওইনা সক্খংঙী। স্নো ৱাইৎপু হাৎনবা হোৎনখীবা অদুগী চৈরাক্ ওইনা নীংথৌমচা অদুনা মহারানীবু অঙাংব-অসাবা য়োৎকী খোংওপ্ জুরা অমা সেৎনবা অমসুং মহাক্না সীদ্রীফাওবা মদুদা জগোই সানবা য়াথং পী। ফৎতবা মহারানী অদুবু অরোইবদা মাইথীবা পীদুনা সীখীবগা লোইননা, স্নো ৱাইৎনা নীংথৌমচা অদুগা লুহোংবা অদু সান্তী লৈনা মখা চৎথখী।

==মসীসু য়েংঙু==
* [[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:লম্গী কাংঙাসীং (ফুংগাৱারী)|লম্গী কাংঙাসীং (ফুংগাৱারী)]]

==মতেং লৌরক্ফম্==
{{Reflist}}
*{{Wikisource-inline}}
*{{commons category-inline}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/jacob-grimm_wilhelm-grimm/household-tales/margaret-hunt|Display Name=The complete set of Grimms' Fairy Tales, including ''{{PAGENAMEBASE}}''|noitalics=true}}
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/5314/old/grimm10a.txt Text of &quot;Little Snow-white&quot; from &quot;Household Tales by Brothers Grimm&quot; on Project Gutenberg]

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Grimm, Jacob |author2=Grimm, Wilhelm |editor=Applebaum, Stanley |translator=Applebaum |title= Selected Folktales/Ausgewählte Märchen: A Dual-Language Book|url=https://archive.org/details/selectedfolktale0000unse_f7c1 |publisher= Dover Publications, Inc.|location= Mineola, New York|isbn= 0-486-42474-X|date= 2003-01-01}}
* {{cite book|author=Jones, Steven Swann|title= The New Comparative Method: Structural and Symbolic Analysis of the allomotifs of 'Snow White'|location= Helsinki|date= 1990|publisher= FFC., N 247.}}
* {{cite book |title=Walt Disney's Snow White and the seven dwarfs: an art in its making featuring the collection of Stephen H. Ison |url=https://archive.org/details/waltdisneyssnoww0000krau |date=28 October 1994 |publisher=Indianapolis Museum of Art |isbn=0-7868-6144-4 |edition=1st}}
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* {{cite journal |last1=da Silva |first1=Francisco Vaz |title=Red as Blood, White as Snow, Black as Crow: Chromatic Symbolism of Womanhood in Fairy Tales |journal=Marvels &amp; Tales |date=2007 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=240–252 |doi=10.1353/mat.2007.a241688 |jstor=41388837 |hdl=10071/19149 |s2cid=201791348 |hdl-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Hemming |first1=Jessica |title=Red, White, and Black in Symbolic Thought: The Tricolour Folk Motif, Colour Naming, and Trichromatic Vision |journal=Folklore |date=2012 |volume=123 |issue=3 |pages=310–329 |doi=10.1080/0015587X.2012.716599 |jstor=41721562 |s2cid=161420857 }}
* Hui, J. Y., Ellis, C., McIntosh, J., &amp; Olley, K. &quot;[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:Ála flekks saga|Ála flekks saga]]: A Snow White Variant from Late Medieval Iceland&quot;. In: ''Leeds Studies in English'', 49 (2018): 45-64. http://digital.library.leeds.ac.uk/id/eprint/26324
* {{cite journal |last1=Joisten |first1=Charles |title=Une version savoyarde du conte de Blanche-Neige |trans-title=A Savoyard version of the tale of Snow White |language=fr |journal=Le Monde alpin et rhodanien. Revue régionale d'ethnologie |date=1978 |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=171–174 |doi=10.3406/mar.1978.1063 }}
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* {{cite journal |last1=Kropej |first1=Monika |title=Snow White in West and South Slavic Tradition |journal=Fabula |date=December 2008 |volume=49 |issue=3–4 |pages=218–243 |doi=10.1515/FABL.2008.018 |s2cid=161178832 }}
* Kurysheva, Lyubov A. &quot;On Pushkin's Synopsis of the Russian Version of Snow White&quot;. In: ''Studia Litterarum'', 2018, vol. 3, no 4, pp.&amp;nbsp;140–151. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.22455/2500-4247-2018-3-4-140-151
* {{cite journal |last1=Oriol |first1=Carme |title=The Innkeeper's Beautiful Daughter. A Study of Sixteen Romance Language Versions of ATU 709 |journal=Fabula |date=December 2008 |volume=49 |issue=3–4 |pages=244–258 |doi=10.1515/FABL.2008.019 |s2cid=162252358 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Raufman |first1=Ravit |title=Red as a Pomegranate. Jewish North African versions of Snow White |journal=Fabula |date=10 January 2017 |volume=58 |issue=3–4 |doi=10.1515/fabula-2017-0027 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=Sigrid |title=Snow White in Africa |journal=Fabula |date=1 December 2008 |volume=49 |issue=3–4 |pages=268–287 |doi=10.1515/FABL.2008.021 |s2cid=161823801 }}
{{refend}}
[[ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯅ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ|ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯅ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ]]</text>
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      <comment>Add 6 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯗꯕ, ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛ꯭ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛ꯭ꯁꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ: ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;horodecki2007&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal|last=Horodecki|first=Ryszard|last2=Horodecki|first2=Pawel|last3=Horodecki|first3=Michal|last4=Horodecki|first4=Karol|year=2009|title=Quantum entanglement|journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=81|issue=2|pages=865–942|arxiv=quant-ph/0702225|bibcode=2009RvMP...81..865H|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.81.865}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ, ꯃꯣꯃꯦꯟꯇꯝ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ, ꯀꯦꯁ ꯈꯔꯗ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀꯣꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯄꯠꯂꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯖꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯡꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯠꯂꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯛꯋꯥꯏꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯟꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯄꯠꯂꯤꯀꯜꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯅ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯛꯑꯣꯏꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯛꯋꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ: ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯗꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯐꯪꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ, ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯆꯥꯡ-ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯵ ꯗ [[ꯑꯜꯕꯔ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯥꯢꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯢꯟ|ꯑꯜꯕꯔꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯟ]], ꯕꯣꯔꯤꯁ ꯄꯣꯗꯣꯜꯁ꯭ꯀꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯊꯥꯟ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯏꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯏꯔꯕꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯤꯡꯒꯔꯅ ꯏꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯏ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯡꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯟꯅ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ (ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ &quot;ꯂꯥꯞꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯗ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯥꯔꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯌꯦꯠꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯝꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯄꯠꯂꯤꯀꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ, ꯕꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯟꯅ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯈꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯇꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯒꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Griffiths&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoqu0000grif|edition=3rd|year=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-18963-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯣꯞ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯛꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯗ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯂꯃꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ-ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

== ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ==
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:NYT_May_4,_1935.jpg|right|thumb|268x268px|''ꯗꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯇꯥꯏꯝꯁ'' ꯏꯪ  ꯱꯹꯳꯵ ꯀꯤ ꯃꯦ ꯴ ꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯨꯗ, ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯟ-ꯄꯣꯗꯣꯜꯁꯀꯤ-ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ (ꯏ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ′ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯄꯦꯄꯔ) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯍꯦꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ]]
ꯑꯦꯜꯕꯔꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯜꯁ ꯕꯣꯔꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯕꯣꯔ-ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯨꯏꯅ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ, ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟꯅ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯕꯣꯛ꯭ꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯈꯡꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯕꯣꯛꯁꯇ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯄꯥꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯱ ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯉꯟꯅ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗ, ꯍꯔꯃꯟ ꯋꯦꯜ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯄꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯒꯦꯁꯇꯥꯜꯠ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ &quot;ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ&quot; ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯲ ꯗ ꯑꯦꯔꯋꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯤꯡꯒꯔꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯏꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯵ ꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯍꯔꯃꯟꯅ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯏꯇꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯟ, ꯕꯣꯔꯤꯁ ꯄꯣꯗꯣꯜꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯊꯥꯟ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯈꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯟ-ꯄꯣꯗꯣꯜꯁꯀꯤ-ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ (ꯏ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ′ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯗꯣꯛꯁ) ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ &quot;ꯋꯦꯕ ꯐꯡꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ-ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗꯦ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯅ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ ꯫

ꯆꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ [[ꯏꯔꯋꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯤꯟꯒꯔ|ꯏꯔꯋꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯤꯡꯒꯔ]] ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯟꯗ [[ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ|ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤ]] ꯆꯤꯊꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯋꯔꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯀꯨꯡ (ꯏ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ  ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯤꯟꯒꯔꯅ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ''ꯑꯃ'' ꯈꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯈꯤ, &quot;ꯑꯩ [ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ] ꯑꯃ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯗꯦ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯅꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯧꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯊꯣꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫&quot; ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ꯁ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯤꯟꯒꯔꯅ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕ ꯐꯥꯎꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯟꯅ ꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ &quot;ꯁ꯭ꯄꯨꯈꯥꯐꯇꯦ ꯐꯔꯟꯋꯤꯔꯀꯨꯡ&quot; ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ &quot;ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯨꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;MerminMoon-1985&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mermin|first=N. David|author-link=N. David Mermin|date=1985|title=Is the Moon There When Nobody Looks? Reality and the Quantum Theory|url=https://archive.org/details/mermin_moon|journal=Physics Today|volume=38|pages=38–47|bibcode=1985PhT....38d..38M|doi=10.1063/1.880968}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯴꯶ꯇ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯕꯥꯜꯗ ꯋꯤꯂꯔ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ-ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯍꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯒꯃꯥ-ꯔꯦ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯖꯨꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯤꯌꯟ-ꯁꯤꯌꯨꯡ ꯋꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯁꯛꯅꯣꯚꯅ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯴꯹ ꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯏ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯅ ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯀꯤ ꯖꯨꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite journal|last=Duarte|first=F. J.|year=2012|title=The origin of quantum entanglement experiments based on polarization measurements|journal=[[European Physical Journal H]]|volume=37|issue=2|pages=311–318|bibcode=2012EPJH...37..311D|doi=10.1140/epjh/e2012-20047-y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯁ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯤꯡꯒꯔꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯦ ꯐꯣꯡꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯔꯁꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯶꯴ꯗ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯕꯦꯜ ꯕꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯎꯕ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯃ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯅ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯜꯍꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯅꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mermin|first=N. David|date=1981|title=Quantum Mysteries for Anyone|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2026482|journal=The Journal of Philosophy|volume=78|issue=7|pages=397–408|doi=10.2307/2026482|issn=0022-362X|jstor=2026482}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯷꯲ ꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯌꯔꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯲ꯗ ꯑꯦꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯄꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Aspect|first=Alain|date=16 December 2015|title=Closing the Door on Einstein and Bohr's Quantum Debate|journal=[[Physics (magazine)|Physics]]|volume=8|pages=123|bibcode=2015PhyOJ...8..123A|doi=10.1103/Physics.8.123|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯕꯦꯜꯅ ꯃꯍꯩꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯨꯝꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯅꯛꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯀꯟꯅ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯐꯣꯔ꯭ꯗꯇ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯨꯔ ꯑꯦꯀꯔ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯃꯍꯩꯔꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯕꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ ꯫  ꯑꯦꯀꯔꯠꯅ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯕꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯏ꯹꯱ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;horodecki2007&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal|last=Horodecki|first=Ryszard|last2=Horodecki|first2=Pawel|last3=Horodecki|first3=Michal|last4=Horodecki|first4=Karol|year=2009|title=Quantum entanglement|journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=81|issue=2|pages=865–942|arxiv=quant-ph/0702225|bibcode=2009RvMP...81..865H|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.81.865}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHorodeckiHorodeckiHorodeckiHorodecki2009&quot;&gt;Horodecki, Ryszard; Horodecki, Pawel; Horodecki, Michal; Horodecki, Karol (2009). &quot;Quantum entanglement&quot;. ''Reviews of Modern Physics''. '''81''' (2): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;865–&lt;/span&gt;942. [[ArXiv (identifier)|arXiv]]:&lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-free&quot; title=&quot;Freely accessible&quot;&gt;[[arxiv:quant-ph/0702225|quant-ph/0702225]]&lt;/span&gt;. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009RvMP...81..865H 2009RvMP...81..865H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.81.865|10.1103/RevModPhys.81.865]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&amp;nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:59577352 59577352].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯲ ꯗ, ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯁꯟ, ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯷ ꯗ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Rome1998&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal|last=Boschi|first=D.|last2=Branca|first2=S.|last3=De Martini|first3=F.|last4=Hardy|first4=L.|last5=Popescu|first5=S.|date=9 February 1998|title=Experimental Realization of Teleporting an Unknown Pure Quantum State via Dual Classical and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Channels|journal=[[Physical Review Letters]]|volume=80|issue=6|pages=1121–1125|arxiv=quant-ph/9710013|bibcode=1998PhRvL..80.1121B|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1121}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯆꯜꯂꯛꯄꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯣꯟ ꯖꯦꯏꯂꯤꯡꯒꯔꯅ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯗꯥꯎꯟ-ꯀꯟꯚꯔꯁꯟ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯄꯤꯡ  ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞꯇꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ ꯎꯠꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Del Santo|first=F|last2=Schwarzhans|first2=E.|year=2022|title=&quot;Philosophysics&quot; at the University of Vienna: The (Pre-) History of Foundations of Quantum Physics in the Viennese Cultural Context|journal=Physics in Perspective|volume=24|pages=125–153|arxiv=2011.11969|bibcode=2022PhP....24..125D|doi=10.1007/s00016-022-00290-y|pmc=9678993|pmid=36437910}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯲꯲ ꯗ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯁꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦꯏꯂꯤꯡꯒꯔꯗ &quot;ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯕꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯟꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯜꯍꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ&quot; ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫

== ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ==

=== ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ===
ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Nielsen-2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Quantum Computation and Quantum Information|url=https://archive.org/details/quantumcomputati0000niel|publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-521-63503-5|edition=10th anniversary|location=Cambridge}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟꯒꯤ  ꯑꯡꯀꯥ-ꯑꯡꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯖꯨꯔꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯖꯨꯔꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯈꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯦꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯦꯆꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯀꯟꯅ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯥꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ &quot;ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ&quot; ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ, ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Fuchs2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Coming of Age with Quantum Information|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-19926-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯥꯕꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Holevo2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Statistical Structure of Quantum Theory|url=https://archive.org/details/statisticalstruc0000khol|publisher=Springer|year=2001|isbn=3-540-42082-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥꯗꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯄꯠꯂꯤꯀꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯖꯨꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯄ ꯁꯕꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯄꯠꯂꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯤꯠꯊꯔꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯀꯟꯖꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯗꯣꯇꯔ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯖꯥꯔꯃꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯐꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯗꯣꯇꯔ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯖꯥꯔꯃꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯐꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯃꯣꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯦꯡꯒꯨꯂꯔ ꯃꯣꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯒꯅꯤ) ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ-ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ-꯱/꯲ꯗ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯔꯕꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯑꯦꯡꯒ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯃꯣꯃꯦꯟꯇꯝ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯡꯒৰꯜ ꯃꯣꯃꯦꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ (ꯑꯦꯡꯒꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯃꯦꯟꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯖꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟꯅ) ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯀꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯑꯞ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯀꯣꯔꯔꯤꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯋꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖ꯭ꯋꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ-ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ &quot;ꯍꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ&quot; ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯨꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯃꯅ &quot;ꯑꯞ&quot; ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯅ &quot;ꯗꯥꯎꯟ&quot; ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯀꯇ꯭ꯌ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯃꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯕꯗꯒꯤ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯥꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯕꯦꯜꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯄ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕ, ꯕꯔꯇꯜꯃꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ &quot;ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗ ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯈꯪꯗꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯕꯦꯜꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ &quot;ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯁꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯁꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯒꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯞ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯈꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯃꯦꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Zwiebach2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Barton|last=Zwiebach|title=Mastering Quantum Mechanics: Essentials, Theory, and Applications|publisher=MIT Press|year=2022|isbn=978-0-262-04613-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯗ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯅ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯛꯊꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜꯗ, ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒ ꯆꯨꯡꯅꯔꯛꯄ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯄꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯆꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schlosshauer|first=Max|date=25 October 2019|title=Quantum decoherence|journal=Physics Reports|volume=831|pages=1–57|arxiv=1911.06282|bibcode=2019PhR...831....1S|doi=10.1016/j.physrep.2019.10.001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯑꯡꯒꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ, ꯀꯣꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ-ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃ (p ′′) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯟꯅꯗꯅ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Mermin2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=N. David|last=Mermin|title=Quantum Computer Science: An Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/quantumcomputers0000merm|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-521-87658-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;: ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ-ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯏꯕ ꯉꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Rieffel2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rieffel|first=Eleanor|title=Quantum Computing: A Gentle Introduction|year=2014|url=https://archive.org/details/quantumcomputing0000rief|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-01506-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ===
ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯄꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯗꯣꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯗꯦꯋꯤꯗ ꯕꯣꯝꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ, ꯁꯣꯔ꯭ꯁ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯥꯔꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯇꯨꯝꯃ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯕꯨꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟꯗ, ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯃꯦꯖꯥꯔꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯅ ꯇꯨꯝꯃ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯐꯡꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯐꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ (ꯃꯦꯖꯥꯔꯃꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ) ꯫ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯆꯥꯗ ꯵꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯃꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯨꯝ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯃꯦꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ &quot;ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯈꯟꯕ&quot; ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Zwiebach2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Barton|last=Zwiebach|title=Mastering Quantum Mechanics: Essentials, Theory, and Applications|publisher=MIT Press|year=2022|isbn=978-0-262-04613-8}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFZwiebach2022&quot;&gt;[[Barton Zwiebach|Zwiebach, Barton]] (2022). ''Mastering Quantum Mechanics: Essentials, Theory, and Applications''. MIT Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-262-04613-8|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-262-04613-8&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Griffiths&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=David J.|last=Griffiths|title=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoqu0000grif|year=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-18963-8}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFGriffithsSchroeter2018&quot;&gt;[[David J. Griffiths|Griffiths, David J.]]; Schroeter, Darrell F. (2018). [[Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (book)|''Introduction to Quantum Mechanics'']] (3rd&amp;nbsp;ed.). Cambridge University Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-107-18963-8|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-107-18963-8&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯝꯒꯨꯝꯅ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ, ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅ ꯃꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯌꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ, ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ x1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ x2 ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ x1 ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ x2 ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯏꯟꯔꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ, ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ: ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Peres|first=Asher|author-link=Asher Peres|date=2000-01-18|title=Classical interventions in quantum systems. II. Relativistic invariance|journal=Physical Review A|volume=61|issue=2|pages=022117|arxiv=quant-ph/9906034|bibcode=2000PhRvA..61b2117P|doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.61.022117}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯍꯤꯗꯦꯟ-ꯚꯦꯔꯦꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ===
ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯗꯣꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕ &quot;ꯍꯤꯗꯦꯟ ꯚꯦꯌꯦꯕ꯭ꯌꯦꯜꯁ&quot; ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯍꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯈꯔ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯃꯦꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯀꯇ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ) ꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ (ꯔꯥꯟꯗꯦꯝ ꯃꯦꯖꯥꯔꯃꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯛ꯭ꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯄꯠꯂꯤꯀꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯍꯤꯗꯦꯟ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯕꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕ ꯖꯨꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ (ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯖꯨꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗ) ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯂꯣꯞꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯐꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯕꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯟꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯗ ꯕꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ, ꯀꯣꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯄꯠꯂꯤꯀꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯟꯒꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯇꯤꯚꯤꯁꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ (ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯁꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯝꯗ) ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Gilder2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gilder|first=Louisa|title=The age of entanglement: when quantum physics was reborn|date=2009|publisher=Vintage Books|isbn=978-1-4000-9526-1|edition=1. Vintage Book|location=New York, NY}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFGilder2009&quot;&gt;Gilder, Louisa (2009). ''The age of entanglement: when quantum physics was reborn'' (1. Vintage Book&amp;nbsp;ed.). New York, NY: Vintage Books. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-9526-1|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4000-9526-1&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯣꯟꯕꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯃꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ-ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ 'ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯔꯅꯤꯇꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯆꯞ-ꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯆꯞ-ꯆꯥꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯞ-ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯊꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯃꯦꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯕꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯟꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ-ꯚꯤꯑꯣꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯂꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

== ꯃꯐꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ==
ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯄꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ, ꯕꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯡꯒꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯱꯹꯶꯴ ꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯗ ꯄꯟꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯋꯔꯅꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯖꯨꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯔꯅꯦꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯈꯟꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ, ꯋꯔꯅꯦꯔꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯋꯔꯅꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯖꯨꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯨꯞꯄ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯕꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯕ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯖꯨꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Augusiak2015&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal|last=Augusiak|first=R.|last2=Demianowicz|first2=M.|last3=Tura|first3=J.|last4=Acín|first4=A.|year=2015|title=Entanglement and nonlocality are inequivalent for any number of parties|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=115|issue=3|pages=030404|arxiv=1407.3114|bibcode=2015PhRvL.115c0404A|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.030404|pmid=26230773}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯕꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯅꯣꯟꯂꯣꯀꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ''ꯃꯐꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯕ'' ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅ ꯕꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ, ꯃꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯨꯞꯄ-ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯁꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯅꯣꯟꯂꯣꯀꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯛꯄ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯂꯦ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Scarani&quot; /&gt;

''ꯃꯐꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯕ'' ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯨꯞꯄ-ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ-ꯆꯥꯡꯅ ꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯂꯝꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯅ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛ-ꯍꯣꯡꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯟꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯫

== ꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ==
ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯕꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ-ꯀꯦꯠ ꯅꯣꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯊꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯝꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫

=== ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁ ===
ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯍꯤꯜꯕꯔꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯕꯤ. ꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯑꯔꯕꯤꯇꯔꯔꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯈꯟꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯫ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯜꯕꯔꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯣꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯠꯅꯤ ꯫ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛ

: &lt;math&gt; H_A \otimes H_B.&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;|\psi\rangle_A \otimes |\phi\rangle_B.&lt;/math&gt;

=== ꯃꯤꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ===

== ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ==
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    <title>ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ</title>
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|name=ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ
|native_name=কলকাতা&lt;br&gt;Kōlkātā ([[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ|ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ]])
|native_name_lang=iso 15919
|other_name=Calcutta|nicknames=[[City of Joy]], [[Castle|City of Castles]], [[East India|Gateway of Eastern India]], [[Cultural capital|Cultural Capital of India]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolkata_Culture&quot; /&gt;|settlement_type=[[Megacity]]|image_skyline={{multiple image
| border                  = infobox
| total_width             = 300
| image_style             =
| perrow                  = 1/2/3/2/2/1
| image3                 = EM Bypass Kolkata.jpg
| caption3                = High rises across [[Eastern metropolitan bypass|EM Bypass]]
| image2                  = বাগবাজার সার্বজনীন দুর্গোৎসব ২০১৮.jpg
| caption2                = ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ [[ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯂꯥꯠꯄ]]
| image1                  = Kolkata maidan.jpg
| caption1                = ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯪꯕꯗ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯗꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯠꯊꯪꯕꯗ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯗꯥꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯏꯂꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃ
| image4                  = Kolkata Tram.jpg
| caption4                = ꯚꯤꯟꯇꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ
| image5                  = Science City Kolkata 4643.JPG
| caption5                = ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ
| image6                  = Jorasanko Thakurbari.jpg
| caption6                = ꯖꯣꯗꯥꯁꯥꯪꯀꯣ ꯊꯥꯀꯨꯔ꯭ ꯕꯥꯗꯤ
| image7                  = Birla Planetarium Kolkata (24455076008).jpg
| caption7                = [[Birla Planetarium, Kolkata|Birla Planetarium]]&lt;br /&gt; and [[The 42]]
| image8                  = ইডেন গার্ডেনে বাংলাদেশ ও পাকিস্তানের খেলা ৫.jpg
| caption8                = [[Eden Gardens]] during a match
| image9                  = Howrah bridge at night.jpg
| caption9                = [[Howrah Bridge]]
| image10                  = 
| caption10                = 
}}|image_flag=|image_seal=|pushpin_map=India West Bengal#India#Asia#Earth|pushpin_map_caption=Location in West Bengal##Location in India##Location in Asia##Location in Earth|pushpin_mapsize=300|coordinates={{Wikidatacoord|Q1348|region:IN-WB_type:city|display=inline,title}}|subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|India}}|subdivision_type1=[[States and union territories of India|State]]|subdivision_name1={{flagicon image|}} [[West Bengal]]|subdivision_type2=[[Administrative divisions of West Bengal|Division]]|subdivision_name2=[[Presidency division|Presidency]]|subdivision_type3=[[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]|subdivision_name3=[[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]|named_for=|government_type=[[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]|governing_body=[[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]|leader_title=[[Mayor of Kolkata|Mayor]]|leader_name=[[Firhad Hakim]]|leader_title1=[[Mayor of Kolkata|Deputy Mayor]]|leader_name1=[[Atin Ghosh]]|leader_title2=[[Sheriff of Kolkata|Sheriff]]|leader_name2=[[Mani Shankar Mukherjee]]|leader_title3=[[Police Commissioner of Kolkata|Police commissioner]]|leader_name3=Manoj Kumar Verma|area_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Basic Statistics of Kolkata |url=https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/KolkataStatistics.jsp |website=Kolkata Municipal Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402172553/https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/KolkataStatistics.jsp |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=3 January 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|area_total_km2=206.08|area_total_sq_mi=79.151|area_metro_km2=1886.67|area_metro_sq_mi=728.45|elevation_m=9|elevation_ft=30|population_total='''&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;011 census''': &lt;br /&gt;{{decrease}} 4,496,694 &lt;br /&gt; '''&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;025 estimate''': &lt;br /&gt;{{increase}} 6,577,000|population_as_of=|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook – Kolkata |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1916_PART_B_DCHB_KOLKATA.pdf |website=Census of India |publisher=The Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner |access-date=13 May 2016 |page=43 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018013413/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1916_PART_B_DCHB_KOLKATA.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KOL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=375980 |publisher=Census of India |title=Kolkata Municipal Corporation Demographics |access-date=3 June 2016 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417152833/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=375980 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/215-kolkata.html |title=Kolkata City Population 2024 &amp;#124; Literacy and Hindu Muslim Population |access-date=10 December 2023 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218095342/https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/215-kolkata.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|population_density_km2=30000|population_metro='''&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;011 census''': &lt;br /&gt;{{increase}} 14,112,536 (metro)&lt;br /&gt;{{increase}} 14,617,882 (Extended UA) &lt;br /&gt; '''&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;025 estimate''': &lt;br /&gt;{{increase}} 20,534,000 (metro)|population_metro_footnotes=&lt;ref name=kolkatauapop2011 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;extended UA 2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=INDIA STATS: Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011 |url=http://pibmumbai.gov.in/scripts/detail.asp?releaseId=E2011IS3 |website=Press Information Bureau, Mumbai |publisher=National Informatics Centre |access-date=20 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630112755/http://pibmumbai.gov.in/scripts/detail.asp?releaseId=E2011IS3 |archive-date=30 June 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21211/calcutta/population |title=Calcutta, India Metro Area Population 1950-2024 &amp;#124; MacroTrends |access-date=10 December 2023 |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210061834/https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21211/calcutta/population |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|population_blank1_title=City rank|population_blank1=[[List of cities in India by population|7th in India]]|population_blank2_title=Metro rank|population_blank2=[[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|3rd in India]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Bengal#Urban Areas|2nd in Bengal region]]&lt;br /&gt;[[List of metropolitan areas in Asia|13th in Asia]]&lt;br /&gt;[[List of largest cities|16th in the world]]|demographics_type1=[[Languages of India|Languages]]|demographics1_title1=Official|demographics1_info1=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]{{*}}English&lt;ref name=nclmanurep2010&gt;—{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 47th report (July 2008 to June 2010) |pages=122–126 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=16 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513161847/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2012}}&lt;br /&gt;—{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Shiv Sahay |title=Official language status for Urdu in some West Bengal areas |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/official-language-status-for-urdu-in-some-west-bengal-areas/article3274293.ece |access-date=3 June 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=3 April 2012 |language=en-IN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603103658/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/official-language-status-for-urdu-in-some-west-bengal-areas/article3274293.ece |archive-date=3 June 2019 |url-status=live}}&lt;br /&gt;—{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1121211/jsp/bengal/story_16301872.jsp |title=Multi-lingual Bengal |date=11 December 2012 |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=25 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232340/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1121211/jsp/bengal/story_16301872.jsp |archive-date=25 March 2018}}&lt;br /&gt;—{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/west-bengal-mamata-banerjee-recognizes-six-non-bengali-languages-134507-2011-05-27 |title=West Bengal to have six more languages for official use |last=Roy |first=Anirban |date=27 May 2011 |publisher=[[India Today (TV channel)|India Today]] |access-date=14 December 2020 |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408130051/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/west-bengal-mamata-banerjee-recognizes-six-non-bengali-languages-134507-2011-05-27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|timezone1=[[Indian Standard Time|IST]]|utc_offset1=+05:30|postal_code_type=[[Postal Index Number|PIN]]|postal_code=700 xxx|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in India|Telephone code]]|area_code=+91 33|registration_plate=[[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB—West Bengal|WB-01]] to [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB—West Bengal|WB-10]]|blank_name_sec1=[[UN/LOCODE]]|blank_info_sec1=IN CCU|blank1_name_sec1={{nowrap|[[Gross metropolitan product|Metro GDP (PPP)]]}} &lt;!-- GDP consensus approach, per [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Indian Economy#City economy size and rank claims – a consensual approach|WikiProject Indian Economy talk]] --&gt;|blank1_info_sec1={{IncreasePositive}} $220 billion (2024)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=List of Metropolitan Cities In India 2024 |url=https://www.homebazaar.com/knowledge/list-of-metropolitan-cities-in-india/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |date=2023-03-31 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925195624/https://www.homebazaar.com/knowledge/list-of-metropolitan-cities-in-india/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|blank2_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]]|blank2_info_sec1={{Increase}} 0.906&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ghosh |first=Tanusree |date=11 April 2023 |title=Gender Ineqality in Education as Determinant Of Regional Disparity: A District Level Analysis of the State of West Bengal, India |url=https://www.ijhssi.org/papers/vol12(4)/D12041727.pdf |journal=International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=26 |via=www.ijhssi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
{{color|green|Very High}}|blank3_name_sec1=[[International airport]]s|blank3_info_sec1=[[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport]] ([[International Air Transport Association airport code|CCU]])|blank4_name_sec1=[[Transit system|Transit]]|blank4_info_sec1='''[[Rapid Transit]]''': [[Kolkata Metro]]&lt;br /&gt;'''[[Commuter rail]]''': [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] &lt;br /&gt;'''Other(s)''':&lt;br /&gt; [[Trams in Kolkata|Kolkata Tram]]|blank5_name_sec1=Metropolitan region authority|blank5_info_sec1=[[Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority]]|website={{URL|https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/KMCPortalHome1.jsp|kmcgov.in}}|footnotes={{designation list
| embed                   = yes
| designation1            = WHS
| designation1_offname    = [[Durga Puja in Kolkata]]
| designation1_date       = 2021&lt;ref name=&quot;finds&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=16 December 2021 |title=Kolkata's Durga Puja gets World heritage tag |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkata-durga-puja-finds-place-on-unesco-intangible-cultural-heritage-list/articleshow/88308601.cms |access-date=5 March 2023 |archive-date=5 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305195831/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkata-durga-puja-finds-place-on-unesco-intangible-cultural-heritage-list/articleshow/88308601.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; (16th [[Intangible cultural heritage|Committee]] of UNESCO for safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage)
| designation1_type       = Cultural
| designation1_criteria   =
| designation1_number     = [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/durga-puja-in-kolkata-00703]
| designation1_free1name  = Region
| designation1_free1value = [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|Southern Asia]]
| designation1_free3name  = Notability
| designation1_free3value = First in Asia under &quot;Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity&quot; category
| designation2            = Ramsar Wetland
| designation2_offname    = [[East Kolkata Wetlands]] 
|designation2_date = 19 August 2002
| designation2_type       = Wetlands of International Importance
}}}}
&lt;references /&gt;
ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ, ꯀꯦꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ (꯲꯰꯰꯱ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ), ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯋꯦꯁꯠ ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯜꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯍꯔꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯨꯒꯂꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ, {{cvt|80|km}} [[ꯕꯥꯡꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁ|ꯕꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁꯀꯥ]] ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯗꯃꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ [[ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ|ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ]] ꯒꯦꯠꯋꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫  ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯷ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯍꯔꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯴.꯵ꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫&amp;nbsp;ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ (꯰.꯴꯵&amp;nbsp;ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯔ) ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯥꯟ ꯔꯤꯖꯟ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯥꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯥꯟ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣ ꯄꯣꯄꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯱꯵ (ꯀꯣꯇꯤ ꯱.꯵) ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫  ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Calcutta: a cultural and literary history|publisher=[[Signal Books]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UKfoHi5412UC&amp;q=yet+another+book+on+calcutta&amp;pg=PP16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯉ꯭ꯒꯪ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ [[ꯃꯨꯘꯜ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ|ꯃꯨꯒꯂꯒꯤ]] ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯅꯋꯥꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯋꯥꯕꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯶꯹꯰ ꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|date=April 2008|title=Calcutta: a cultural history|url=https://archive.org/details/calcuttacultural0000dutt|publisher=Interlink Books|location=Northampton, Massachusetts, US|pages=[https://archive.org/details/calcuttacultural0000dutt/page/9 9]–10|isbn=978-1-56656-721-3}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDuttaDesai2008&quot;&gt;Dutta, K.; Desai, A. (April 2008). ''Calcutta: a cultural history''. Northampton, Massachusetts, US: Interlink Books. pp.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;9–&lt;/span&gt;10. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-56656-721-3|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-56656-721-3&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯠ ꯋꯤꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯅꯋꯥꯕ ꯁꯤꯔꯥꯖ ꯎꯗ-ꯗꯧꯂꯥꯅꯥ ꯱꯷꯵꯶ꯇꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯃꯤꯔ ꯖꯥꯐꯔꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯱꯷꯵꯷ꯇꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯦꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯅꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯋꯥꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫  ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯟ ꯔꯨꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯱꯹꯱꯱ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯗꯦ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯣ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯏꯝꯄꯥꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯍꯔꯅꯤ, ꯂꯟꯗꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S2EXN8JTwAEC&amp;dq=calcutta+second+largest+city+british+empire&amp;pg=PA227|title=The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire|date=2 August 2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯛꯔꯦꯁꯤ, ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯤꯛꯁ, ꯂꯣ, ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ, ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯤ ꯔꯤꯅꯦꯁꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯒꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯨꯕꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯨꯕꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯍꯣꯠꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ . 

꯱꯹꯴꯷ꯇꯥ ꯕꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯜ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯱꯹꯴꯷ꯇꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ, ꯀꯂꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖꯅꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯔꯥꯖꯅꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫  ꯂꯥ ꯲꯰ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯱꯹꯷꯱ꯗꯥ ꯕꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯋꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯕꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔ-ꯏꯟ-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯥꯏꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫  ꯱꯹꯴꯷ꯇꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ (ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁ)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯐꯤꯎꯖꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯆꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯥꯖꯅꯤꯇꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯀꯈꯤ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Talbot|first=Ian|title=The Partition of India|url=https://www.cambridge.org/in/academic/subjects/history/twentieth-century-regional-history/partition-india?format=PB&amp;isbn=9780521672566|pages=115–117|year=2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311131126/https://www.cambridge.org/in/academic/subjects/history/twentieth-century-regional-history/partition-india?format=PB&amp;isbn=9780521672566|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-67256-6|access-date=15 April 2023|archive-date=11 March 2023|last2=Singh|first2=Gurharpal}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation cs2&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFTalbotSingh2009&quot;&gt;Talbot, Ian; Singh, Gurharpal (2009), [https://www.cambridge.org/in/academic/subjects/history/twentieth-century-regional-history/partition-india?format=PB&amp;isbn=9780521672566 ''The Partition of India''], Cambridge University Press, pp.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;115–&lt;/span&gt;117, [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-521-67256-6|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-521-67256-6&lt;/bdi&gt;]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311131126/https://www.cambridge.org/in/academic/subjects/history/twentieth-century-regional-history/partition-india?format=PB&amp;isbn=9780521672566 archived] from the original on 11 March 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;, retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 April&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Tan|first=Tai Yong|title=The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O5zEtBxk72wC|pages=172–175|year=2002|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn=978-0-203-45060-4|last2=Kudaisya|first2=Gyanesh}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation cs2&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFTanKudaisya2002&quot;&gt;Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2002) [2000], [https://books.google.com/books?id=O5zEtBxk72wC ''The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia''], Taylor &amp; Francis, pp.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;172–&lt;/span&gt;175, [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-203-45060-4|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-203-45060-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]]&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ [[ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ]] (ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯝꯕꯦ)ꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯈꯤ꯫

ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯆꯥꯡ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯜꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ, ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯥꯔꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯜ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ (ꯑꯥꯗ꯭ꯗꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯚꯤꯛꯇꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ, ꯍꯥꯑꯣꯔꯥ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯗ ꯍꯣꯇꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯤꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯟꯗꯃꯥꯔꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯇꯥꯎꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯌꯔꯤ, ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯣ-ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯦꯝꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯗ꯭ꯔꯂꯣꯛ ꯀꯂꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ, ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯨꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯕꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯖꯃꯤꯟꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ꯫

ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯦꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯁ, ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ, ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯈꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯂꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯂꯤꯎꯗ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯚꯦ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ, ꯕꯣꯇꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯚꯦ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ, ꯀꯂꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ, ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯀꯪꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ, ꯖꯨꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯚꯦ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ, ꯍꯣꯔꯇꯤꯀꯂꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ, ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯁ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯁꯟ, ꯑꯦꯟꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯚꯦ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯄꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ ꯍꯦꯜꯊ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫  ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯚꯦꯟꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯆꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯨꯇꯕꯣꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯅꯥ ꯁꯀꯈꯉꯂꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ [[ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯂꯥꯠꯄ|ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯖꯥꯒꯤ]] ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫  ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ''&lt;nowiki&gt;''ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯖꯌ''&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;indiatimes&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/explore-india/kolkata-city-of-joy-47448/|title=Kolkata city of joy}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ==
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    <title>হাফসা বিন্ত উমর</title>
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      <comment>Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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| name               = হাফসা বিন্ত উমর
| image              = تخطيط كلمة حفصة بنت عمر.png
| image_size         = 250px
| caption            = হাফসা বিন্ত উমরগী মিংগী ইস্লামিক কেলিগ্রাফী
| native_name        = {{lang|ar|حفصة بنت عمر}}
| birth_date         = চাউরাক্না ৬০৫ খৃষ্টাব্দ
| birth_place        = মক্কা, হেজাজ, অরব
| death_date         = শাবান ৪৫ হিজরী (ওক্তোবর/নভেম্বর ৬৬৫ খৃষ্টাব্দ)
| death_place        = মদিনা, হেজাজ, উমাইয়াদ খিলাফত
| resting_place      = [[জন্নত অল-বকী]], মদিনা
| nationality        = অরব
| religion           = [[ইস্লাম]]
| known_for          = ইস্লামগী পাওমি মুহম্মদকী লোইনবী, [[উম্মুল মোমিনীন]], কোরানগী অহানবা পান্দুলিপিগী ঙাকশেল্লী
| spouse             = {{bulleted list|খুনৈস ইবন হুজৈফা (লুহোংবা. ?–৬২৪; লৈখিদবা)|[[মুহম্মদ]] (লুহোংবা. ৬২৫–৬৩২; লৈখিদবা)}}
| parents            = [[উমর|উমর ইবন অল-খত্তাব]] (মপা)&lt;br&gt;জৈনব বিন্ত মজউন (মমা)
}}

'''হাফসা বিন্ত উমর''' ({{lang-ar|حفصة بنت عمر}}; চাউরাক্না ৬০৫–৬৬৫ খৃষ্টাব্দ) অসি [[ইস্লামগী পাওমি]] [[মুহম্মদ|মুহম্মদকী]] লোইনবী অমসুং অনিশুবা [[খিলাফত|খলিফা]] [[উমর|উমর ইবন অল-খত্তাবকী]] মচানুপীনি। ইস্লামগী চৎনবীদা মহাকপু [[উম্মুল মোমিনীন]] (&quot;থাজবশিংগী মমা&quot;) হায়বা মিংথোল অসি পী।

== অহানবা পুন্সি ==
হাফসা অসি উমর ইবন অল-খত্তাব অমসুং জৈনব বিন্ত মজউনগী খ্বাইদগী হনবা মচানি। মহাক্কী পোকপা অসি চাউরাক্না ৬০৫ খৃষ্টাব্দদা ওখি। পুৱারী ওইরবা ইস্লামিক সোর্সশিংগী মতুং ইন্না, মক্কাগী কুরৈশ কাংলুপনা [[কাবা]] অমুক হন্না শেমগৎপা মতমদা মহাক পোকখি। মতম অসি পাওমি মুহম্মদনা অহানবা ওইনা ইশ্বরগী পাউজেল ফংদ্রিঙৈগী চহি মঙাগী মমাংনি হায়না লৌনৈ।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ibn Saad |first=Muhammad |translator-last=Bewley |translator-first=Aisha |year=1995 |title=The Women of Madina (Tabaqat vol. 8) |url=https://archive.org/details/womenofmadina0000ibns |publisher=Ta-Ha Publishers |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/womenofmadina0000ibns/page/56 56] |isbn=978-1897940242}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== লুহোংবা ==
হাফসাগী অহানবা লুহোংবা অসি [[সাহাবা|সাহাবী]] খুনৈস ইবন হুজৈফা অস-সহমীগা ওখি। ওগস্ত ৬২৪ খৃষ্টাব্দদা বদরগী লালগী মতুংদা খুনৈস লৈখিদ্রে, মসিগী মতুংদা মহাক লুখ্রাবী ওইখি।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ibn Saad |first=Muhammad |translator-last=Bewley |translator-first=Aisha |year=2013 |title=The Companions of Badr (Tabaqat vol. 3) |publisher=Ta-Ha Publishers |location=London |page=307 |isbn=978-1842001332}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ইদ্দত (অৱাবা ফোংদোকপা অমসুং ঙাইবা মতম) লোইশিনবগী মতুংদা, মহাক্কী মপা উমরনা মহাক্কী লুহোংবগী ৱাফম অদু [[উসমান বিন অফ্ফান|উসমান ইবন অফ্ফান]] অমসুং মসিগী মতুংদা [[অবু বক্র]] গী মমাংদা থমখি, অদুবু অনীমক্না ৱাফম অদু য়ানাখিদে। উমরনা পাওমি মুহম্মদতা ৱাফম অসিগী মতাংদা হায়বা মতমদা, মুহম্মদনা পাউখুম পীখি: &quot;হাফসাগী লুহোংবা অসি উসমানদগী হেনবা মীওই অমগা ওইগনি অমসুং উসমানগী লুহোংবনা হাফসাদগী হেনবা নুপী অমগা ওইগনি।&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ibn Saad |first=Muhammad |translator-last=Bewley |translator-first=Aisha |year=1995 |title=The Women of Madina (Tabaqat vol. 8) |url=https://archive.org/details/womenofmadina0000ibns |publisher=Ta-Ha Publishers |location=London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/womenofmadina0000ibns/page/56 56]-58 |isbn=978-1897940242}}&lt;/ref&gt;

পাওমি মুহম্মদনা শাবান ৩ হিজরী (জানুয়ারীগী অরোইবা নত্ত্রগা ফেব্রুয়ারী ৬২৫ খৃষ্টাব্দগী হৌরকপা) দা হাফসাগা লুহোংখি।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Margoliouth |first=D. S. |year=1905 |title=Mohammed and the Rise of Islam |publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |location=New York &amp; London |page=307 |url=https://archive.org/details/mohammedandrise03marggoog |access-date=2026-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; লুহোংবা অসিনা পাওমি মুহম্মদ অমসুং মহাক্কী মরুওইবা মরুপ উমর ইবন অল-খত্তাবকী মরক্তা লৈনরিবা মরী অদু ইমুং-মনুংগী ওইনসু চেৎশিনহনখি।

== কোরান খোমজিমবদা থৌদাং ==
ইস্লামগী পুৱারীদা হাফসাগী মরুওইবা থৌদাং অমা [[কোরান]] য়োকখত-ঙাকশেনবদা লৈ। অহানবা খলিফা অবু বক্রগী মতমদা কোরানবু অহানবা ওইনা লাইরিক (মুসহফ) অমগী মওংদা খোমজিমবা মতমদা, অরিবা পান্দুলিপি অদু উমর ইবন অল-খত্তাবকী মখাদা থমখি। উমরনা লৈখিদবগী মতুংদা পান্দুলিপি অসি হাফসাগী য়েংশিন মখাদা লৈখি। তুংদা, অহুমশুবা খলিফা উসমান ইবন অফ্ফাননা কোরানগী ৱাহৈশিং স্তেন্দর্দাইজ (standardize) তৌবা মতমদা, মহাক্না হাফসাগী মখাদা শাফনা লৈরিবা অরিবা পান্দুলিপি অদু শিজিন্নখি।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sahih al-Bukhari 4986: Virtues of the Qur'an |url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4986 |publisher=Sunnah.com |access-date=2026-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:6691|title=Sahih al-Bukhari 6691 - Oaths and Vows - كتاب الأيمان والنذور - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)|website=sunnah.com|access-date=2026-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:2468|title=Sahih al-Bukhari 2468 - Oppressions - كتاب المظالم - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)|website=sunnah.com|access-date=2026-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== হাদিস অমসুং পুৱারীগী ৱাখল্লোন ==
হাফসানা ইস্লামগী চৎনবীশিং মাংলোমদা পুখৎপদা থৌদাং লৌখি। মহাক্তগী হাদিস ৬০ রোম ফংলি।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Siddiqi |first=M. Z. |year=2006 |title=Hadith Literature: Its Origin, Development, Special Features and Criticism |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=Kuala Lumpur |page=25 |isbn=978-9839154160}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

সহীহ অল-বুখারীগুম্বা হাদিস খোমজিমবশিংদা হাফসাগী পুন্সিগা মরী লৈনবা থৌদোকশিং, মহাক্কী ৱাশকশিং অমসুং খুন্নাইগী অচুম্বা ৱায়েলগী ৱাফমশিং য়াওরি।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sahih al-Bukhari 6691 - Oaths and Vows |url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:6691 |publisher=Sunnah.com |access-date=2026-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sahih al-Bukhari 2468 - Oppressions |url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:2468 |publisher=Sunnah.com |access-date=2026-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; মসিগী মথক্তা, কোরানগী সূরা অল-তহরীম অমসুং সূরা অল-অহজাবকী আয়ত খরগী তাখিবগী (শান-এ-নুজুল) পুৱারীগী ফিভমদসু মহাক্কী মমিং য়াওরি।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.abuaminaelias.com/hafsa-maria-surat-at-tahreem/|title=Story of Hafsa and Maria in Surat al-Tahrim|last=Elias|first=Abu Amina|date=2016-03-26|website=www.abuaminaelias.com|language=en-US|access-date=2026-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://quran.com/al-ahzab/6|title=Surah Al-Ahzab - 6|website=Quran.com|language=en|access-date=2026-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; অদুম ওইনমক, ইস্লামগী পুৱারীগী থৌদোক খরদা মহাক অমসুং আয়শাগী মতাংদা সুন্নী অমসুং শিয়া চৎনবীশিংগী ৱাখল্লোনশিংদা খেন্নবা উবা ফংই।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://al-islam.org/spurious-arguments-about-shia-abu-talib-tabrizi/sixteenth-spurious-argument-shia-opinon-about-hafsa|title=The Sixteenth Spurious Argument: Shia Opinon about Hafsa and Aisha|date=2014-02-20|website=al-islam.org|language=en|access-date=2026-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== লৈখিদবা ==
হাফসানা শাবান ৪৫ হিজরী (ওক্তোবর নত্ত্রগা নভেম্বর ৬৬৫ খৃষ্টাব্দ) দা লৈখিদ্রে। মহাকপু মদিনাগী [[জন্নত অল-বকী]] মংখোলদা ফুমখি।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ibn Saad |first=Muhammad |translator-last=Bewley |translator-first=Aisha |year=1995 |title=The Women of Madina (Tabaqat vol. 8) |url=https://archive.org/details/womenofmadina0000ibns |publisher=Ta-Ha Publishers |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/womenofmadina0000ibns/page/60 60] |isbn=978-1897940242}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/KitabAlQiratOfAhmadB.MuhammadAlSayyari|title=Kitab Al Qir'at Of Ahmad B. Muhammad Al Sayyari|last=احمد بن محمد السياري|language=Arabic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== রিফরেন্স ==
{{reflist}}

== মখা তানা য়েংবীয়ু ==
* [[মুহম্মদ]]
* [[মুহম্মদকী খোঙচৎশিংগী পরিং]]
* [[উম্মুল মোমিনীন]]

[[Category:৬০৫ দা পোকপশিং]]
[[Category:৬৬৫ দা লৈখিদবশিং]]
[[Category:ইস্লাম]]
[[Category:মুহম্মদ]]
[[Category:সাহাবিয়া]]</text>
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'''[[ꯓꯥꯔꯈꯟ꯭ꯗ|ꯓꯥꯔꯈꯟꯗ]] ꯕꯤꯖꯂꯤ ꯕꯤꯇ ꯭ꯔꯟ ꯅꯤꯒꯥꯝ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ (ꯖꯦ. ꯕꯤ. ꯚꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯜ.) ''' (ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ '''ꯓꯥꯔꯈꯟꯗ ꯁ ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ (ꯖꯦ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯕꯤ.) ''' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯓꯥꯔꯈꯟꯗ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ꯌꯗ ꯃꯩ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯣꯛ-ꯄꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯓꯥꯔꯈꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ ꯱꯰꯰꯰ (ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯗꯣꯂꯔ 200mn) ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯥꯡꯉꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/other-states/article2062878.ece|title=Koda's bail plea rejected - The Hindu|date=30 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯖꯦ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯕꯤꯍꯥꯔ]] ꯑꯅꯤ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ (ꯁꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, ꯱꯹꯴꯸ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯰꯱ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯔꯆ ꯱꯰ ꯗ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯗ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ ꯸꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯱ ꯗ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯨꯈ ꯭ ꯌ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯃꯙꯨ ꯀꯣꯗꯥ, ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯰꯸ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯖꯥ-ꯊꯨꯝꯖꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯅ ꯀꯩꯁꯨꯝꯁꯪꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ, ꯁꯦꯟꯖꯥ-ꯉꯥꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯁꯨ ꯀꯩꯁꯨꯝꯁꯪꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ, ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕ ꯃꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯕꯤꯅꯣꯗ ꯁꯤꯟꯍꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ ꯱꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯖꯦ. ꯕꯤ. ꯚꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯰꯱꯳ ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ 23ꯗ ꯏꯟꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯲꯰꯱꯴ ꯒꯤ ꯖꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯶ ꯇ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯫

== ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡ ==

* ꯄꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯇꯨ ꯊꯔꯃꯥꯜ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯋꯥꯠ 840 ꯂꯩ ꯫ &amp;nbsp;ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯟꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦꯐ. 10% ꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯟꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ ꯫
* ꯁꯨꯕꯔꯅꯔꯦꯈꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯁꯟ, ꯁꯤꯀꯤꯗꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯋꯥꯠ 130 (2x65 ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯋꯥ ꯭ ꯠ) ꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯄꯋꯔ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯟꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

== ꯔꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3207" sha1="0uxwxs139954fumwymekvnhcx3dk6k6" xml:space="preserve">'''[[ꯓꯥꯔꯈꯟ꯭ꯗ|ꯓꯥꯔꯈꯟꯗ]]''' ꯕꯤꯖꯂꯤ ꯕꯤꯇ ꯭ꯔꯟ ꯅꯤꯒꯥꯝ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ (ꯖꯦ. ꯕꯤ. ꯚꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯜ.) ''' (ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ '''ꯓꯥꯔꯈꯟꯗ ꯁ ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ (ꯖꯦ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯕꯤ.) ''' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯓꯥꯔꯈꯟꯗ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ꯌꯗ ꯃꯩ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯣꯛ-ꯄꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯓꯥꯔꯈꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯥꯍꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ ꯱꯰꯰꯰ (ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯲꯰꯰mn) ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯥꯡꯉꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/other-states/article2062878.ece|title=Koda's bail plea rejected - The Hindu|date=30 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯖꯦ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯕꯤꯍꯥꯔ]] ꯑꯅꯤ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ (ꯁꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, ꯱꯹꯴꯸ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯰꯱ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯔꯆ ꯱꯰ ꯗ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯗ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ ꯸꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯱ ꯗ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯨꯈꯌ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯃꯙꯨ ꯀꯣꯗꯥ, ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯰꯸ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯖꯥ-ꯊꯨꯝꯖꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯅ ꯀꯩꯁꯨꯝꯁꯪꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ, ꯁꯦꯟꯖꯥ-ꯉꯥꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯁꯨ ꯀꯩꯁꯨꯝꯁꯪꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ, ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕ ꯃꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯕꯤꯅꯣꯗ ꯁꯤꯟꯍꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ ꯱꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯖꯦ. ꯕꯤ. ꯚꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯰꯱꯳ ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯲꯳ꯗ ꯏꯟꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯲꯰꯱꯴ ꯒꯤ ꯖꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯶ ꯇ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯫

== ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡ ==
* ꯄꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯇꯨ ꯊꯔꯃꯥꯜ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯋꯥꯠ ꯸꯴꯰ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯟꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯱꯰% ꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯟꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ ꯫
* ꯁꯨꯕꯔꯅꯔꯦꯈꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯁꯟ, ꯁꯤꯀꯤꯗꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯋꯥꯠ ꯱꯳꯰ (2x65 ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯋꯥ ꯭ ꯠ) ꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯄꯋꯔ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯟꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

== ꯔꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ==</text>
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