ဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်၊ တၞံ

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      <text bytes="15830" sha1="87f2he9g0qncraymebvtch483mxc6tf" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = ဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်
| image = Portulaca oleracea MHNT.jpg
| regnum = Plantae
| unranked_divisio =Tracheophytes
| unranked_classis = Angiosperms
| unranked_ordo = Eudicots
| ordo = Caryophyllales
| familia = Portulacaceae
| genus = ''Portulaca''
| species = oleracea
| authority = Carl Linnaeus
| synonyms = 
}}
'''တၞံဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်''' နကုယၟု ရုက္ခဗေဒ ကော် Portulaca oleracea  (ဗွဲဓမ္မတာ ဘာသာအင်္ဂလိက် ကော် '''purslane''',&lt;ref name=&quot;GRIN&quot;&gt;&quot;Portulaca oleracea&quot;. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 16 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; လဆောဝ် ကော် '''verdolaga''', '''red root''', ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး '''pursley''') ဝွံ ဒှ် တၞံ မနွံ အာယုက်မွဲသၞာံတုဲ လုပ်လၟိဟ် ပ္ဍဲ ဂကောံဗဳဇ Portulacaceae၊ တၞံဍေဟ်သၠုင် စဵုကဵု ၜိုတ် ၄၀ ဇြေန်ဒဳမဳတာ (၁၆ ၝောအ်တဲ)ရ။ 

== ဂမ္စာဲ ==
တၞံဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဝွံ တိုန်ဒၟံင် ပ္ဍဲ ဒေသဗွဲမဂၠိုင် နူ အာဖရိက သၟဝ်ကျာ စဵုစိုပ် ရးယူရောပ်၊ လဒေါဝ်ဗမံက်၊ တုဲပၠန် နူဆာပ်တိုက် အိန္ဒိယ စဵုစိုပ် မလေရှာ ကေုာံ အဝ်သတြေလဳယာ သီုကဵု ဍုင်မန်ဗၟာရ။ ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် စှ်ေစိုတ် တၞံဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဏအ်ဂှ် စၟတ်သမ္တီလဝ် တ္ၚဲချောဲရ။ 

== လက်သန် ==
[[File:Illustration Portulaca oleracea0.jpg|thumb|left|Vihannesportulakka kuvattuna Otto Wilhelm Thomén teoksessa Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (1885).]]
[[ဝှာင်:Portulaca_(23559906595).jpg|thumb|ဗီုရုပ် ပ္ကဴ တၞံဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်]]
တၞံဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဝွံ တၞံဍေဟ် ကလိတ်၊ ဗကေတ်ဒၟံင်ညိည ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်မ္ဂး တၞံဍေဟ်ဂှ် လဝါလာံတိတ်အာ သဝ်ဝ်ရ။ တၞးဍေဟ်ဂှ် ပကာန်တိုန်ဒၟံင် ၜါၜါ နူ တၞံဍေဟ်&lt;ref&gt;{{Illinois Wildflowers|weeds/plants/purslane|Common Purslane (Portulaca oleracea|access-date=2018-02-05}} &lt;/ref&gt; ပ္ကဴအသာ်မိတ်ဂှ် နွံ မသုန်ခတှ်ေရေင်င်တုဲ ဇမၞော်ဍောင်ပ္ကဴဍေဟ်ဂှ် စဵု ၆ မဳလဳမဳတာ (0.24 ၝောအ်တဲ) နွံမာန်ရ။ ဇမၞော်ဍောင်ပကဴဂှ် တန်တဴဒၟံင် ဂလိုင်လဵု ဍေဟ် မဂွံဍာ်ဗြဲရ။ တုဲပၠန် ကဴဒၟံင် ကၠိုဟ်မွဲသၞာံရ။ ကဴဍေဟ်ဂှ် ရာင်တိတ်ကၠုင် ပ္ဍဲ ကၞောတ်အကြာ တၞးဍေဟ် အခိင်ပွိုင် မွဲၜါ နာဍဳ ပ္ဍဲ အခိင်နူဂယး အခိင်ဗြဲကျာတၟးရ။  မဍေဟ် ဍောတ်တ်သောဲသောဲ&lt;ref&gt; Kilpatrick, Judy. &quot;Germinating Portulaca Seeds.&quot; Home Guides | SF Gate, http://homeguides.sfgate.com/germinating-portulaca-seeds-39371.html. Accessed 13 November 2019. &lt;/ref&gt; ဂှ် နွံ ဗီုပြင် ဒကောင်၊ ကာလဍေဟ် ကြံင်ဍုဟ်မ္ဂး ထကးတိတ်အာ။ တၞံဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဝွံ နွံ ကုရိုဟ်ကၞက်တုဲ ရိုဟ်ကျာသောဲသောဲလေဝ် နွံကီုတုဲ ဍာ်ကှ် တိကြံင်လေဝ် ဍေဟ်တန်တဴဂျိုင်မာန်ကီုရ။ {{Citation needed|date=November 2018}}

== Metabolism ==
P. oleracea is one of very few plants able to utilize both [[Crassulacean acid metabolism|CAM]] and [[C4 carbon fixation|C4]] [[photosynthesis]] pathways, for a long time believed to be incompatible with each other despite biochemical similarities. P. oleracea will switch from C4 to CAM pathways during times of drought and there is transcription regulation and physiological evidence for C4-CAM hybrid photosynthesis during mild drought.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ferrari |first=Renata C. |last2=Bittencourt |first2=Priscila P. |last3=Rodrigues |first3=Maria A. |last4=Moreno‐Villena |first4=Jose J. |last5=Alves |first5=Frederico R. R. |last6=Gastaldi |first6=Vinícius D. |last7=Boxall |first7=Susanna F. |last8=Dever |first8=Louisa V. |last9=Demarco |first9=Diego |last10=Andrade |first10=Sónia C.S. |last11=Edwards |first11=Erika J. |last12=Hartwell |first12=James |last13=Freschi |first13=Luciano |date=2020-02 |title=C 4 and crassulacean acid metabolism within a single leaf: deciphering key components behind a rare photosynthetic adaptation |url=https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.16265 |journal=New Phytologist |language=en |volume=225 |issue=4 |pages=1699–1714 |doi=10.1111/nph.16265 |issn=0028-646X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==လွပ်==

===စ===
[[File:Glistrida Greek salad.JPG|thumb|ကဝေက် ဂရိတ် မစုတ်လဝ် ဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်]]
{{nutritional value
| name=ဗၠံင်ဗၠေင်၊ ထၞေက် &lt;br&gt;Purslane, raw
| water=92.86 g
| kJ=84
| protein=2.03 g
| fat=0.36 g
| carbs=3.39 g
| calcium_mg=65
| iron_mg=1.99
| magnesium_mg=68
| phosphorus_mg=44
| potassium_mg=494
| zinc_mg=0.17
| manganese_mg=0.303
| vitC_mg=21
| vitE_mg=12.2
| thiamin_mg=0.047
| riboflavin_mg=0.112
| niacin_mg=0.48
| vitB6_mg=0.073
| folate_ug=12
| vitA_iu=1320
| source_usda=1
| note=[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=11427&amp;format=Full Link to USDA Database entry]
| right=1}}

ဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဝွံ နဒဒှ်သၞေဝ်မွဲ စဂွံရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Wright, Clifford A. |year=2012 |chapter=Purslane|title=Mediterranean Vegetables: A Cook's Compendium of All the Vegetables from the World's Healthiest Cuisine, with More Than 200 Recipes |url=https://archive.org/details/mediterraneanveg0000wrig_j5u7 |location=Boston, Massachusetts|publisher=Harvard Common Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mediterraneanveg0000wrig_j5u7/page/276 276]–277|isbn=978-1-55832-775-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; ဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဝွံ စဂျိုင်ဂျိုင် အတိုင်ဂှ်လေဝ်ဂွံရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Cobbett|first=William|authorlink=William Cobbett|title=The English Gardener|url=https://archive.org/details/englishgardener0000cobb|year=1980|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0192812920|page=[https://archive.org/details/englishgardener0000cobb/page/126 126]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ရှ်ဍေဟ်ဂှ် ဖျးဒၟံင်ညိညတုဲ ပ္ဍုင်ဒၟံင်ညိညတုဲ ပ္ဍဲဍုင်ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် ပ္ဍဲယူရောပ်၊ လဒေါဝ်ဗမံက်၊ အာရှ ကေုာံ မက်သဳကဝ်တအ် စဒၟံင်အိုတ်ရ။&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9902E3DB1230F936A35754C0A9609C8B63|title=Something Tasty? Just Look Down|work=The New York Times|author=Marlena Spieler|date=July 5, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pests in Landscapes and Gardens: Common Purslane. ''Pest Notes University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 7461''. October 2003 |url=http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7461.html |accessdate=2019-12-01 |archivedate=2016-02-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209095400/http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7461.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; တၞံဍေဟ်ကီု၊ တၞးဍေဟ်ကီု၊ ကဴဍေဟ်ကီု စဂွံ သီုဖအိုတ်ရ။ တၞံဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဂှ် စဂျိုင်င် နဒဒှ်ကဝေက်/သလေတ်လေဝ်ဂွံ၊ ခၞာစလေဝ်ဂွံ၊ ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး ဍုန်တုဲ စလေဝ်ဂွံရ။ ဟိုတ်နူ ခၜိုတ်ဍေဟ် နွံဒၟံင်တုဲ ဍုန်စ ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး ဍုန်သွသောတ်စဂှ် ကိတ်ညဳဂၠိုင်ရ။ ရှ်ဖျးဍေဟ်ဂှ် ဟိုတ်နူကဵု ဓါတ်ဗစး အံက်သာလိစ် (oxalic) ကဵု ဓါတ်ဗစးမလိစ် (malic acid) မဒှ်ဓါတ် မကတဵုဒှ်ကၠုင် နူကဵု [[crassulacean acid metabolism]] (CAM) မဒှ်ဓါတ် မဂွံဆဵုကေတ် ပ္ဍဲတၞံမဂျိုင်မာန် ပ္ဍဲကဵု ဒၞာဲဍာ်ကှ်ကှ်တအ်ရ။ ယဝ်ရၜှ်ဍေဟ် ပ္ဍဲအခိင် နူဂယးမ္ဂး ကလိဂွံဓါတ်ဂှ် ကလိဂွံမာန်ဂၠိုင်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;Harold McGee. ''On Food and Cooking''. Scribner. 2004 edition. {{ISBN|978-0684800011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ဂကူရးတၞံအဝ်သတြေလျာ အဗဝ်ရဳဂျေန်တအ် ကေတ်မဍေဟ်တုဲ ကၠောန်ကွာင် (seedcakes)။ ဂကူဂရိတ်တအ် ကော်စ တၞံဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဏအ် &quot;andrákla&quot; ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး &quot;glistrída&quot; ညးတအ် ကေတ်တၞး ကေုာံ တၞံဍေဟ်တုဲ ညးစုတ် feta cheese၊ ခဍေင်ဗစး၊ လသိုန်ဗကေတ်၊ လသိုန်ဗတာင်၊ oregano ကေုာံ ကၠေင်အဝ်လဳဝါ (olive oil)တုဲ ညးတအ်စရ။ ပ္ဍဲကဵု သလေတ်/ကဝေက်လေဝ် ညးတအ်စုတ်၊ ညးတအ်ၜိုဟ်တုဲ စ၊ သာ်ဂှ်ဟွံသေင် ညးတအ် စုတ်ပ္ဍဲသွစာင် နကဵုအခိုက်ညးတအ် မကော်ဂး (casseroled chicken)ရ။ ပ္ဍဲတူရကဳ ညးတအ် စုတ်ပ္ဍဲသလေတ်၊ ပ္ဍဲကဵုပရာင်မွဲမွဲ ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး ဍုန်စ နဒဒှ်သၞေဝ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.nefisyemektarifleri.com/semizotlu-kuru-cacik/|title=Semizotlu Cacık – Hilal'in Mutfağı |date=2016-05-28|work=Nefis Yemek Tarifleri|access-date=2017-08-07|language=tr-TR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===မတဵု ကရောမ် တၞံတၞဟ်===
တၞံဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဂှ် ဟိုတ်နူမနွံကဵု ဍာ်ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်တုဲ မတဵုတၞံဍေဟ် ကရောမ်တၞံတၞဟ်မ္ဂး တၞံတၞဟ်တအ် ဂွံဓါတ်ဂံက်တုဲ ပကဵု ညံင်ဂွံထိင်ကဵုတိ ဂွံဍုက်ဍေက်ရ။
ရိုဟ်ကၞက်ဍေဟ် ဇမျိုဟ်ဂှ် ကေတ်တံင်နင် ဓါတ်ဍာ် ကေုာံ ဝါဲ နူသၟဝ်တုဲ ဓါတ်ဍာ် ကေုာံဝါဲတအ်ဂှ် တၞံမနွံဗဒါဲဍေဟ်လေဝ် ကလိဂွံကီုရ။{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}}

==အဟာရ==
ဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ် ထၞေက်ဂှ် နွံကဵု ၉၃% ဍာ်၊ ၃% ဓါတ်ကာရ်ဗောန်ဟာ်ဒရိက် (carbohydrate)၊  ၂% ဓါတ်ပရဝ်တိန် (protein) တုဲ ဓါတ်ကၠေင်ဟီုဂှ် ကြပ်ဟွံမဲရ။ ဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ် ထၞေက် ၁၀၀ ဂရာမ်ဂှ် နွံကဵု ၂၀ ကာလောရ် (calorie)၊ ဓါတ်ဝဳတမေန်တၞဟ် ၜိုတ်မဒးစထေက် ပွိုင်မွဲတ္ၚဲ မကော်ဂး (Daily Value, DV)ဂှ် ဝဳတမေန် အဳ (vitamin E) (၈၁% DV)၊ ဝဳတမေန် သဳ (vitamin C) (၂၅% DV)၊ ဓါတ်မိနေရလ်အဟာရဂမၠိုင် နွံ(၁၁-၁၉% DV)ရ။ (ရံင်သ္ၚိအင်)

ပါဲနူဝဳတမေန်ဂမၠိုင်တုဲ ပ္ဍဲ ဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဂှ် နွံကဵု ကၠေင်ဗ္စး သြမေဂါ-၃ (Omega-3 fatty acid) ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်ဂၠေင်ရ။ ကၠေင်ဗ္စးသြမေဂါ-၃ ဂှ် သွက်အဟာရ ကောန်မၞိဟ်ကီု သီုကဵုတိရစ္ဆာန်ဂှ် ဒှ်အရာကိစ္စဇၞော် မကိတ်ညဳ ကုပရေင်ထတ်ယုက်ရ။ ဓါတ်သြမေဂါ-၃ ဂှ် ကလိဂွံ နူကဵု ကဂမၠိုင်ရ။ ဟိုတ်ဂှ်ရ ကုညးမဝေင်ပါဲဖျုန်တအ်မ္ဂး နူကဵု ဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဂှ် ကလိဂွံ ဓါတ်သြမေဂါ-၃ ညံင်ညးမစက (ကၠေင်က)ကီုရ။ သြမေဂါ-၃ဂှ် ဍေဟ်ဖအးကဵု ကၠေင် မနွံ ပ္ဍဲခန္ဓကာယပိုယ်ရ။ ကၠေင်ပ္ဍဲခန္ဓပိုယ်ဂှ် ဗဒှ်ကဵုယဲ ဆီၜေတ်၊ ယဲဂြိုဟ် (ဂြိုဟ်ဒေါအ် ဟိုတ်နူကၠေင်ဂြောပ်ဂွံ)၊ ယဲကျာတအ်မာန်ဂှ်ရ ပွမစ ဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဂှ် ဒှ်အရာမစဵုဒၞာ ညံင်ဟွံဂွံဒှ်ယဲတအ်ဏအ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://survivalgardener.com/2015/08/purslane-a-nutrient-dense-weed-with-high-omega-3/|title= Purslane - A nutrient dense weed with high Omega 3|last= |first= |date= Aug 1, 2015|website= |publisher= |access-date= 02.12.2019|quote= |accessdate= December 2, 2019|archivedate= September 14, 2019|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190914210608/http://survivalgardener.com/2015/08/purslane-a-nutrient-dense-weed-with-high-omega-3/}}&lt;/ref&gt;တုဲပၠန် ဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဂှ် ဟိုတ်နူ နွံကဵုဓါတ် antioxidants တုဲ စဵုဒၞာကဵု ဓါတ်oxidants မဒှ်ဓါတ် မပကဵု ညံင်ဂွံဒှ် ယဲကေန်သာဂမၠိုင်ရ။ ဟိုတ်ဂှ်ရ ဗၠံင်ဗၠေတ်ဂှ် သီုစဵုဒၞာကဵု ညံင်ဟွံဂွံဒှ် ယဲကေန်သာဂမၠိုင်ကီုရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1354675|title=Common purslane: a source of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants |last=Norman HA, Gillaspy JE, Duke JA.|first= |date=11.08.1992 |website= |publisher= |access-date=02.12.2019 |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==နိဿဲ==

[[Category:ရုက္ခဗေဒ]]
[[Category:BEHM]]
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'''ကပ်''' ({{Lang-en|pandemic}}) ဟီုမ္ဂးဂှ် ဒှ်ယဲ မကၠောအ် ကၞာန် ပ္ဍဲဒေသဗွဲမဇၞော် ဥပမာ ကၠောအ်ကၞာန် ပြးၜက် မွဲတိုက်ကဵုမွဲတိုက် ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး အလုံလိုက်မွဲရ။ 

ယဲအလုံမွဲဍုင် မကော်ဂး ဗီုအင်္ဂလိက် (endemic disease) ဂှ် ၜိုန်ရ လၟိဟ်မၞိဟ် မကတဵုဒှ် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်ကီုလေဝ် ယဝ်ရ ကတဵုဒှ် ပ္ဍဲကဵု ဒၞာဲမကောံဒၟံင် မွဲဒၞာဲဓဝ် ဟွံပြးတတ်ၜက်အာ တိုက်တၞဟ်မ္ဂး နကဵု သၞောတ်ဂၠးတိမ္ဂး ညးဟွံကော်စ ကပ် (pandemic) ဏီရ။ ပ္ဍဲမွဲဒမြေပ်ဝင်ဂှ် ကပ်ယဲ မကေင် ကတဵုဒှ်ကၠုင်လဝ် နွံတၟာဂလိုင်ရ။ မပ္တံကဵု ယဲဗြန် (smallpox) ကေုာံ ယဲတဳဗဳ (တူဗါကူလဝ် tuberculosis)တအ် ဒှ်တမ်ရ။ ကပ်ယဲ ၜိုတ်မကတဵုဒှ်ကၠုင်လဝ်တအ်ဂှ် ယဲပလုက်၊ ကာလမၞိဟ် မချိုတ် ကုယဲဏအ် ဟိုတ်နူဖျုန်စၞာံလမ္စံက်တုဲ ယဲဂမ္စိုတ်လမ္စံက် (Black Death) လေဝ်ကော်စကီုရ။ နကဵုကပ်ယဲပလုက်ဏအ် ပ္ဍဲကဵု ၁၄ ဗွဝ်ကၠံတေအ် မၞိဟ်ဒးချိုတ်အာ ၜိုတ် ၇၅-၂၀၀ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်ဒှ်ရ။ ယဲကပ် မကတဵုဒှ်ဒၟံင်လၟုဟ်ဂှ် ယဲအေအာင်ဒဳအေတ် ကေုာံ ယဲကဝ်ရဝ်နာဝဳရုသ် ၂၀၁၉ (ကဝ်ဝိဒ်-၁၉) တအ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-51839944|title=Coronavirus confirmed as pandemic|website=BBC News|language=en|date=2020-03-11|access-date=2020-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/mar/11/coronavirus-update-live-news-uk-health-minister-italy-lockdown-australia-us-china-stock-markets-outbreak-latest-updates?page=with:block-5e6911e18f08c2df6d2779a5#block-5e6911e18f08c2df6d2779a5|title=Coronavirus live updates: WHO says Covid-19 is pandemic. Covid-19 is expected to kill 100 million people
|website=The Guardian|language=en|date=2020-03-11|access-date=2020-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; ပၞောဝ်ကဵုယဲကပ် မကတဵုဒှ်လဝ် ပ္ဍဲအတိက် မကြီုအိုတ်ဂမၠိုင်ဂှ် ယဲကပ်ဇွဟ် ၁၉၁၈ မကော်ဂး ယဲဇွဟ်သပိန် (Spanish flu) ကေုာံ ယဲဇွဟ် ၂၀၀၉ (H1N1)တအ်ရ။

== ပွံက် ကေုာံ ကဆံင်ဂမၠိုင် ==
[[File:WHO pandemic phases.png|thumb|[[World Health Organization]] influenza pandemic alert phases, The WHO does not use the old system of 6 phases]]
ကပ် ဂှ် ဒှ်ယဲ မကတဵုဒှ် နကဵုကဆံင် မကၠောအ်ကၞာန် မတတ်ၜက်ပယျဵုဍုင်နာနာ ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်မ္ဂး လၟိဟ်မကတဵုဒှ်ယဲ ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်ဂၠေင်ရ။&lt;ref name=Porta2008&gt;{{cite book|author=Miquel Porta|editor=Miquel Porta|title=Dictionary of Epidemiology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Dr8dyuzvTkC&amp;pg=PA179|accessdate=14 September 2012|year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-531449-6|page=179}}&lt;/ref&gt; ကပ် ကတဵုဒှ် ပ္ဍဲကဵု ခန္ဓမတဵုလွဳဂမၠိုင် မဒှ်အရာ ကိစ္စဇၞော် ပ္ဍဲကဵု ဇွောအ်မသတ်တအ် မပ္တံကဵု ကုတၞံသြောအ်ဂမၠိုင်၊ က၊ ဖျုန် ကေုာံ တၞံဆုဂမၠိုင်တုဲ မဗဒှ်ကဵု ကပ်ကၞောဝ် ကုကောန်မၞိဟ်တအ်ရ။ ယဲ ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး အကာဲအရာမွဲမွဲ ဟိုတ်မဖန်ကဵု ညံင်မၞိဟ် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် မဒးစုတိကီုလေဝ် ညးဟွံစၟတ်သမ္တီ ကပ်ဖအိုတ်ရ။ ဥပမာ ယဲကေန်သာဂှ် ၜိုန်ရ ဂစိုတ်ဒၟံင် မၞိဟ် လၟိဟ်ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်ကီုလေဝ် ဟွံစၟတ်သမ္တီ ယဲကပ်မွဲဂကူရ။ မုဟိုတ်ရောမ္ဂး ကေန်သာဂှ် ဒှ်ယဲ မကၠောအ်ကၞာန်လေပ် ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး မလေပ်ကၠောအ် ဗွဲမလောဲသွာ ဟွံသေင်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=A. M.|first1=Dumar|title=Swine Flu: What You Need to Know|url=https://archive.org/details/swinefluwhatyoun0000amdu|date=2009|publisher=Wildside Press LLC|isbn=9781434458322|page=[https://archive.org/details/swinefluwhatyoun0000amdu/page/7 7]|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

နကဵု ဂကောံထတ်ယုက် ဂၠးကဝ် (World Health Organization -(WHO)) စၟတ်သမ္တီလဝ် နူယဲဓမ္မတာ မဂွံစၟတ်သမ္တီ ယဲကပ်ဂှ် ပိုင်ခြာလဝ် တြဴ-ကဆံင်ရ။ တင်တအ်ဂှ် စနူ ဝဳရုသ် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် မကၠောအ်ကၞာန် အကြာတိရစ္ဆာန်၊ နူတိရစ္ဆာန်ဂှ် ကၠောအ် ကဵုမၞိဟ်၊ နူဂှ် မွဲကဆံင် ဝဳရုသ်ဂှ် ကၠောအ်ကၞာန် အကြာမၞိဟ်ကဵုမၞိဟ်၊ အကြာမၞိဟ်ကဵုမၞိဟ်ဂှ် ယဝ်ရ ကၠောအ်ကၞာန် ပြးအာ အလုံဂၠးတိမ္ဂး ညးကော်စ ယဲကပ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-china-health-who-idUKKCN20I0PD|title=WHO says it no longer uses 'pandemic' category, but virus still emergency|date=24 February 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=29 February 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ကပ် မကတဵုဒှ်ဒၟံင်ဂမၠိုင် ==

=== ယဲအေအာင်ဒဳအေတ် HIV/AIDS  ===
 [[File:HIV Epidem 2.png|thumb|upright=1.6|Estimated HIV/AIDS prevalence among young adults (15-49) by country as of 2008]]
စၟယဲ HIV ဂှ် နူတမ် ကၠုင်နူ အာဖရိက နူဂှ် ပြးစိုပ် အမေရိကာန် မွဲကဆံင် ဍုင်ဟာဲဒဳ ပ္ဍဲအကြာသၞာံ ၁၉၆၆ ကဵု ၁၉၇၂ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2007/oct/30/science/sci-aids30 | title=Analysis clarifies route of AIDS |work=Los Angeles Times |date=30 October 2007 |last=Chong |first=Jia-Rui |accessdate=6 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;နကဵုစၟယဲHIV ဂှ် ကတဵုဗဒှ်ကဵု ယဲအေအာင်ဒဳအေတ် (AIDS) (ဝါ) ယဲအိဒ်သ် ရ။ ယဲအိဒ်သ်ဂှ် ညးစၟတ်သမ္တီလဝ် ယဲကပ် မွဲ မကတဵုဒှ်ဒၟံင်ဖိုဟ်ရ။ နကဵု ယဲအိဒ်သ်ဝွံ မၞိဟ် ၂၅% ပ္ဍဲကဵု တိုက်အာဖရိက ကရေက်သၠုင်ကျာ ကေုာံ ဗမံက် မဒးဒုင်ကၠောအ်လဝ်ရ။ ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၂၀၀၆ ဂှ် မၞိဟ်ဗြဴ မတန်ဂဝ်ဂၞဴ ၂၉% ပ္ဍဲဍုင်အာဖရိကသၠုင်ကျာ ဂှ် နွံကဵု ယဲအိဒ်သ်အိုတ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.avert.org/safricastats.htm |title=The South African Department of Health Study |publisher=Avert.org |date=2006 |accessdate=26 August 2010 |archivedate=4 August 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804025024/http://www.avert.org/safricastats.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; နကဵု မကဵုပညာ ညံင်ဂွံဆက်ဆောံလိင် နကဵုနဲသက္ကုဘဲ ကေုာံ ဝေင်ပါဲ မစုက်လုက် နကဵုဆီ (အကြာ သရ ကဵု သရ) တအ်တုဲ ဖအောန်ကဵု ပရေင်ကၠောအ်ကၞာန် ယဲဝွံမာန်ကၠုင်ရ။

=== ယဲကဝ်ရဝ်နာဝဳရုသ် ၂၀၁၉ (COVID-19) ===
[[File:Citizens of Wuhan lining up outside of a drug store to buy masks during the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.jpg|thumb|People queueing outside a [[Wuhan]] pharmacy to buy face masks and medical supplies]]
ကဝ်ရဝ်နာဝဳရုသ်တၟိဝွံ ဂွံဆဵုကေတ်ကၠာအိုတ် နူကဵု ဍုင်ဝူဟာန်၊ ဟူဗေ၊ ဍုင်ကြုက် ပ္ဍဲကဵု ကၞောတ် ဒဳဇြေန်ပါ သၞာံ ၂၀၁၉၊&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/china/news/detail/09-01-2020-who-statement-regarding-cluster-of-pneumonia-cases-in-wuhan-china |title=WHO Statement Regarding Cluster of Pneumonia Cases in Wuhan, China |publisher=WHO |date=31 December 2019 |accessdate=12 March 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;ဂှ် ဗဒှ်ကဵု ယဲဂၠံင်ကျာယဓီု မသကာတ်မြဟ် မကော်ဂး ယဲကဝ်ဝိဒ်-၁၉) ရ။ ယဲကဝ်ရဝ်နာဝဳရုသ်ဏအ်ဂှ် ဍုင် ၁၁၆ ဍုင်ပြင်င် ဒးဒုင်ကၠောအ်ကၞာန်တုဲ မၞိဟ်ကတဵုဒှ်ဂၠိုင်အိုတ်ဂှ် ပ္ဍဲဍုင်ကြုက်လဒေါဝ်၊ ဍုင်အဳတလဳ၊ ဍုင်ကဝ်ရဳယျာသၠုင်ကျာ ကေုာံ ဍုင်အဳရာန်ရ။&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6|title=Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by Johns Hopkins CSSE|last=|first=|date=|website=gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; ပ္ဍဲ ဂိတုမာတ် ၁၁၊ ၂၀၂၀ ဂှ် နကဵု ဂကောံထတ်ယုက်ဂၠးတိ စၟတ်သမ္တီ ကဝ်ဝိဒ်-၁၈ နဒဒှ် ကပ်ယဲ မွဲရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 |title=WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020 |publisher=WHO |date=11 March 2020 |accessdate=12 March 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-51839944|title=Coronavirus confirmed as pandemic|date=2020-03-11|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-03-11|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ကပ်ယဲ မကတဵုဒှ်လဝ်ဂမၠိုင် ==
ပ္ဍဲမွဲဒမြေပ်ဝင် ကောန်မၞိဟ်တအ်ဂှ် ကပ်ယဲ ကေုာံ ယဲမကတဵုဒှ်အလုံဍုင် ကေင်ကတဵုဒှ်ကၠုင်ဒၟံင် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်ရ။ စၟယဲ မကၠောအ်နူ တိရစ္ဆာန် မပ္တံ ယဲဇွဟ် (ဖလူ) (influenza) ကေုာံ ယဲစၟဂြိုဟ်တဳဗဳ (tuberculosis)တအ်ရ။ ပၞောဝ်ယဲဂမၠိုင်ဂှ် ယဲပလုက်၊ ယဲဗြန်တအ်ဂှ် ကတဵုဒှ်လဝ် မဂၠိုင်ကဵုအလန်တုဲ ကိုပ်ကၠာ ဟွံဂွံဆဵုဂဥုဲတေအ်မ္ဂး ကတဵုဒှ်ကၠုင်မ္ဂး မၞိဟ် မဂၠိုင်ကဵု ပြကောဋိကိုဋ် မဒးစုတိ နကဵုယဲတအ်ရ။ ယဲကပ် မစၟတ်သမ္တီလဝ် ပ္ဍဲဂမၠိုင်လ္ၚဵုတအ်ဂှ် ဗၟံက်ထ္ၜးကဵု ဗွဲသၟဝ်ဝွံရ။

* ယဲပလုတ် အေတေန် (Plague of Athens) နူ ဘဳသဳ ၄၃၀ စဵုကဵု ၄၂၆။ ပ္ဍဲအခိင်ပၞာန် (Peloponnesian War) ဂှ် ယဲၚာင်ဂမ္တဴ (typhoid fever) ဂှ် ဂစိုတ်ထောအ် ကောန်ပၞာန်အေတေန် မွဲအစိတ် ကေုာံ ညးဍုင်ကွာန် မွဲအစိတ် ပ္ဍဲကဵု ပွိုင် ပန်သၞာံဂှ်ရ။ ပ္ဍဲအခိင်ဂှ် မၞိဟ်တအ် ဟွံဂွံတီကေတ် ပရူယဲပလုက်ဏီတုဲ ကောန်ပၞာန်တအ် မဒးချိုတ်ဂှ် နကဵုယဲမုညးတအ် ဟွံတီကေတ်လဝ်ရ။ ဒဒှ်ရ ကောန်ပၞာန်အေတေန် မဒးချိုတ်လဝ် နကဵု ယဲပလုက်ဂှ် သၞာံ ၂၀၀၆ နူကဵုတက္ကသိုလ်အေတေန် ၜံက်ခါဲပတိတ် ဇုတ် နူအခိင်တေအ်တုဲ စမ်ၜတ်ရံင်ဂှ် ဂွံတီကေတ်ရ။ &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000BF619-9B78-13D6-9B7883414B7F0135&amp;ref=sciam&amp;chanID=sa003 &quot;Ancient Athenian Plague Proves to Be Typhoid&quot;]. ''Scientific American.'' 25 January 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Chevalier Roze à la Tourette - 1720.PNG|thumb|right|Contemporary engraving of Marseille during the [[Great Plague of Marseille]] in 1720–1721]]

* ယဲပလုက် အာန်တဝ်နဳနာ (Antonine Plague) နူ အေဒဳ ၁၆၅ စဵုကဵုစိုပ် ၁၈၀။ ဟိုတ်ယဲဗြန်ဏအ် ဂွံကတဵုဒှ် ပ္ဍဲအဳတလဳဂှ် ညးတအ် စှ်ေစိုတ် ပါကၠုင် ကရောမ် ကောန်ပၞာန် မစဴကၠုင် နူ နေဝ်အိတ် (Near East) ရ။ မၞိဟ်ကမၠောအ် သီုဖအိုတ် မွဲအစိတ်ဂှ် ဒးချိုတ်တုဲ သီုဖအိုတ် ဒှ်အာမၞိဟ် မသုန် ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4381924.stm Past pandemics that ravaged Europe]. ''BBC News'', 7 November. 2005&lt;/ref&gt; နကဵုယဲဂှ်ပၠန် ကလေင်ကၞာန်တိတ် အလန်ဒုတိယ မကော်ဂး ယဲပလုတ် သာဲပရိယျေန် (Plague of Cyprian) (၂၅၁-၂၆၆) ဂှ် အတိုင်စၟတ်သမ္တီမ္ဂး မွဲမွဲတ္ၚဲ မၞိဟ်စုတိလဝ် ၅,၀၀၀ ပ္ဍဲဍုင်ရဝ်မ ရ။ 
* ယဲပလုက် ဂျာတ်သတိန်နဳယျေန် (Plague of Justinian) နူ ၅၄၁ စဵုကဵု ၇၅၀ ဂှ် ဒှ်ယဲပလုတ်ဗူဗဝ်နဳစ် (bubonic plague) မစၟတ်သမ္တီလဝ် ကိုပ်ကၠာအိုတ်ရ။ ယဲဏအ် စကတဵုဒှ် နူအဳဂျေပ်၊ နူဂှ် ကၞာန်စိုပ် Constantinople ဂှ် အတိုင်လိက်ဝင် the Byzantine chronicler Procopius မ္ဂး ပ္ဍဲအခိင် အသိင်ယဲသၠုင်အိုတ်ဂှ် မွဲမွဲတ္ၚဲ မၞိဟ်ချိုတ် ၁၀,၀၀၀ တုဲ ကောန်ဍုင် ၄၀% ဂှ် ဒးအိုတ်အာရ ဒှ်မာန်ရ။ နကဵုယဲပလုက်ဂှ် ကောန်မၞိဟ် နူမွဲအစိတ် စဵုကဵု ကပါ် (ကဝက်) ဂှ် ဒးချိုတ်လဝ် ပ္ဍဲအခိင်ဂှ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cambridge.org/us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521846390&amp;ss=fro |title=Cambridge Catalogue page &quot;Plague and the End of Antiquity&quot; |publisher=Cambridge.org |date= |accessdate=26 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.speakeasy-forum.com/lofiversion/index.php/t18579.html Quotes from book &quot;Plague and the End of Antiquity&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716114235/http://www.speakeasy-forum.com/lofiversion/index.php/t18579.html |date=16 July 2011}} Lester K. Little, ed., ''Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541–750'', Cambridge, 2006. {{ISBN|0-521-84639-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; အတိုင်စရင်မ္ဂး လၟိဟ်မၞိဟ် ပ္ဍဲယူရောပ် ၅၀% အကြာ အေဒဳ ၅၅၀ ကဵု ၇၀၀ ဂှ် ဒးချိုတ်လဝ် နကဵု ယဲပလုက်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |url=http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-diseases/plague-article.html |title=Plague, Plague Information, Black Death Facts, News, Photos |magazine=National Geographic |accessdate=3 November 2008 |archive-date=28 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128194106/http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-diseases/plague-article.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ဂမ္စိုတ်လမ္စံက် (Black Death) နူကဵု ၁၃၃၁ စဵုကဵု ၁၃၅၃။ လၟိဟ်မၞိဟ် အလုံလိုက်မွဲ ဒးချိုတ်အာ ၜိုတ် ၇၅ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk/English/News/Archive/News08/blackdeathcemetery.htm New MOL Archaeology monograph: Black Death cemetery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090928095658/http://www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk/English/News/Archive/News08/blackdeathcemetery.htm |date=28 September 2009}}. ''Archaeology at the Museum of London.''&lt;/ref&gt; ယဲပလုက်ဏအ်ဂှ် ကြဴနူ မကၠေအ်ဒၟံင် ပွိုင် ဒစာံကၠံသၞာံတုဲ မကလေင်ဒှ် ပ္ဍဲယူရောပ်ရ။ နူတမ် စကတဵုဒှ် နူအာရှ၊ နူဂှ် မွဲကဆံင် ယဲဂှ် ကၠောအ်စိုပ် လဒေါဝ်ဗမံက်၊ ယူရောပ်ပလိုတ် ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၃၄၈။ ပွိုင် တြဴသၞာံဂှ် ယဲဂှ် ဂစိုတ်ထောအ်မၞိဟ် ပ္ဍဲယူရောပ် ၜိုတ် ၂၀ ကဵု ၃၀ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်၊&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.medhunters.com/articles/deathOnAGrandScale.html Death on a Grand Scale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903051705/http://www.medhunters.com/articles/deathOnAGrandScale.html |date=2009-09-03 }}. ''MedHunters.''&lt;/ref&gt; မဒှ်လၟိဟ်မၞိဟ် သီုဖအိုတ် ပိဂအုံ၊&lt;ref&gt;Stéphane Barry and Norbert Gualde, in ''[[L'Histoire]]'' n° 310, June 2006, pp. 45–46, say &quot;between one-third and two-thirds&quot;; Robert Gottfried (1983). &quot;Black Death&quot; in ''[[Dictionary of the Middle Ages]]'', volume 2, pp. 257–267, says &quot;between 25 and 45&amp;nbsp;percent&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  ပ္ဍဲဒၞာဲဒေသ မကတဵုဒှ်ဂၠိုင်ဂှ် မၞိဟ်စဵုကဵုကဝက်ရ။ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Plague |volume=21 |pages=693–705}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was the first of a cycle of European [[Second plague pandemic|plague epidemics]] that continued until the 18th century.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://urbanrim.org.uk/plague%20list.htm |title=A List of National Epidemics of Plague in England 1348–1665 |publisher=Urbanrim.org.uk |date=4 August 2010 |accessdate=26 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508010316/http://urbanrim.org.uk/plague%20list.htm |archive-date=8 May 2009 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ပ္ဍဲအခိင်ကာလဂှ် ယဲပလုက် ၁၀၀ အလန်ပြင်င် ကတဵုဒှ်လဝ် ပ္ဍဲယူရောပ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/may/16/health.books |title=Black Death blamed on man, not rats  |newspaper=The Observer |author=Jo Revill |date= 16 May 2004|accessdate=3 November 2008 | location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; ယဲပလုက်ဂှ် ပ္ဍဲအေန်ဂလာန် ဇၟာပ်ဇၟာပ် ၜါသၞာံ ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး မသုန်သၞာံ မွဲအလန် ကတဵုဒှ်လဝ် ပ္ဍဲကဵု အကြာသၞာံ ၁၃၆၁ ကဵု ၁၄၈၀ ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/preparedness/bt_public_history_plague.shtm |title=Texas Department of State Health Services, History of Plague |publisher=Dshs.state.tx.us |date= |accessdate=3 November 2008 |archivedate=11 April 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411041422/http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/preparedness/bt_public_history_plague.shtm }}&lt;/ref&gt; ပ္ဍဲကဵု သၞာံ ၁၃၇၀တအ်ဂှ် လၟိဟ်မၞိဟ် အေန်ဂလာန် ၅၀% ဂှ် ယအ်စှ်ေအာရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Igeji, Mike|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/black_09.shtml |title=Black Death |publisher=BBC |date= |accessdate=3 November 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; ယဲမဟာပလုက် အေန်ဂလာန် (The Great Plague of London) ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၆၆၅ - ၆၆ ဂှ် ကတဵုဒှ် ဗွဲမသကာတ်မြဟ်ရ။ နကဵုယဲဏအ် ဂစိုတ်ထောအ် ကောန်ဍုင်အေန်ဂလာန် ၜိုတ် ၁၀၀၀,၀၀၀ မဒှ်လၟိဟ်မၞိဟ် ၂၀% ပ္ဍဲအေန်ဂလာန်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;[http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/contagion/plague.html The Great Plague of London, 1665]. ''The Harvard University Library, Open Collections Program: Contagion.''&lt;/ref&gt;

* ကပ်ယဲ ပလုက် တတိယ စကတဵုဒှ် နူဍုင်ကြုက် ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၈၅၅ တုဲ ပြးစိုပ် အိန္ဒိယ၊ ပ္ဍဲအိန္ဒိယ မၞိဟ်ဒးချိုတ်အာ ၁၀ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/zoonotic/en/index4.html |title=Zoonotic Infections: Plague |publisher=World Health Organization |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420003315/http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/zoonotic/en/index4.html |archivedate=20 April 2009 |accessdate=5 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; အခိင်ကာလ ကပ်ယဲဏအ်ဂှ် ယဲဏအ် စိုပ်ကၟိန်ဍုင်အမေရိကာန်ကၠာအိုတ် ပ္ဍဲကဵု သင်ဖြာန်သဳသကဝ် ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၉၀၀ - ၁၉၀၄ ရ။&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm00bu.html Bubonic plague hits San Francisco 1900–1909]. ''A Science Odyssey. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS).''&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ယဲဇွဟ်သပိန် (Spanish flu) နူသၞာံ ၁၉၁၈ စဵုကဵု ၁၉၂၀။ နကဵုယဲဏအ် မၞိဟ်ကမၠောအ်သီုဖအိုတ် အလုံဂၠးတိ ၅၀၀ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်&lt;ref name=&quot;Taubenberger&quot;/&gt; သီုကဵု မၞိဟ် မပဒတဴ ပ္ဍဲတကအ်ပသဳဖိစ် (Pacific islands) ကေုာံ ပ္ဍဲ အာတိစ် (Arctic) တအ်လေဝ် ကတဵုဒှ်ကီုရ။ နကဵုယဲဏအ် မၞိဟ်ဒးချိုတ်အာ အကြာ ၅၀ ကဵု ၁၀၀ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်ရ။&lt;ref name=&quot;Taubenberger&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title=Historical Estimates of World Population| url=https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_history.php| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709092946/https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_history.php| url-status=dead| archive-date=9 July 2012| access-date=29 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ယဲဇွဟ် ကၠောအ်ကၞာတ် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်ဂှ် ကောန်ၚာ် ကဵု မၞိဟ်ဗယုတအ်ရ ဒးချိုတ်ဂၠိုင်ရ။ ဆဂး ယဲဇွဟ်သပိန်ဂှ် ဟွံရုဲ မၞိဟ်ဇၞော် မၞိဟ်ဍောတ် မၞိဟ်အဃောအဝဲဂမၠိုင်လေဝ် ဒးချိုတ်လဝ်ကီုရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Age-Specific Mortality During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Unravelling the Mystery of High Young Adult Mortality |journal=PLOS One |pmc=3734171 |pmid=23940526 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0069586 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...869586G |doi-access=free |volume=8 |issue=8 |year=2013 |page=e69586 |vauthors=Gagnon A, Miller MS, Hallman SA, Bourbeau R, Herring DA, Earn DJ, Madrenas J}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

===ကဝ်လာ Cholera ===
နူစတမ်နူ ယဲကဝ်လာ စပြးကၠုင် ပ္ဍဲ ၁၉ ဗွဝ်ကၠံဂှ် မၞိဟ်ဒးချိုတ်အာ ဂၠိုင်ကဵုစှော်ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;Kelley Lee (2003) ''Health impacts of globalization: towards global governance''. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 131. {{ISBN|0-333-80254-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ကပ်ယဲ ကဝ်လာ ၁၈၁၇-၁၈၂၄။ ယဲကဝ်လာဝွံ ဗွဲကိုပ်ကၠာ ကတဵုဒှ် ပ္ဍဲ ဆာပ်တိုက် အိန္ဒိယ (Indian subcontinent) မကတဵုဒှ် နူကဵု ဗေင်္ဂါ (Bengal)၊ နူဂှ် ပြးကၞာန်အာ အလုံအိန္ဒိယ ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၈၂၀။ ကောန်ပၞာန်ဗြိတိန် ဒးချိုတ် နကဵုယဲဏအ် ၜိုတ် ၁၀,၀၀၀ တုဲ ကောန်ဍုင်အိန္ဒိယလေဝ် ဒးချိုတ်အာ ရိုဟ်လၟိဟ်ဟွံမာန်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=John Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/intro/bio_cholera.htm |title=Cholera- Biological Weapons |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |date= |accessdate=26 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; နူဂှ် ပြးဇး စိုပ်အာ ဍုင်ကြုက်၊ အေန်ဒဝ်နဳရှာ၊ ကေုာံ ဒေသၜဳCaspian Seaတအ်ရ။ အကြာသၞာံ ၁၈၁၇ ကဵု ၁၈၆၀ ဂှ် မၞိဟ်မဒးချိုတ် နကဵုယဲဏအ် ပ္ဍဲဆာပ်တိုက် အိန္ဒိယသၟးဂှ် ၜိုတ် ၁၅ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်၊ အကြာ သၞာံ ၁၈၆၅ ကဵု ၁၉၁၇ ဂှ် မၞိဟ်ဒးချိုတ်အာ ၂၃ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်ရ။  ပ္ဍဲအခိင်ဂှ် ပ္ဍဲရုရှာ မၞိဟ်ချိုတ် ၜိုတ် ၂ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်။ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=G. William Beardslee |url=http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/2000_fall/1832_cholera_part1.html |title=The 1832 Cholera Epidemic in New York State |publisher=Earlyamerica.com |date= |accessdate=26 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ကပ်ယဲ ကဝ်လာ ၁၈၂၆–၁၈၃၇။ စိုပ် ရုရှာ၊ ဟင်ဂေရဳ (ချိုတ် ၜိုတ် ၁၀၀,၀၀၀) တုဲပၠန် စိုပ်ဂျာမနဳ ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၈၃၁၊ စိုပ် လာန်ဒါန် ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၈၃၂ (ကၟိန်ဍုင်ဨကရာဇ်/အေန်ဂလာန် မၞိဟ်ချိုတ် ဂၠိုင်နူ ၅၅,၀၀၀)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ph.ucla.edu/EPI/snow/pandemic1826-37.html |title=Asiatic Cholera Pandemic of 1826–37 |publisher=Ph.ucla.edu |date= |accessdate=26 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; ပ္ဍဲသၞာံဂှ်ကီု သီုပြးစိုပ် ပြင်သေတ်၊ ကနေဒါ (Ontario) ကေုာံ ကၟိန်ဍုင်အမေရိကာန် (New York City) &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tngenweb.org/darkside/cholera.html |title=The Cholera Epidemic Years in the United States |publisher=Tngenweb.org |date= |accessdate=26 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; သၞာံ ၁၈၃၄ ဂှ် စိုပ် ပြင်ၜဳဖသဳဖိစ် အမေရိကသၟဝ်ကျာ။ ပတှ်ေကေတ်မ္ဂး ကောန်ဍုင်အမေရိကာန် ဒးချိုတ်အာ နကဵုယဲကဝ်လာဏအ် ဂၠိုင်နူ ၁၅၀,၀၀၀ အကြာသၞာံ ၁၈၃၂ ကဵု ၁၈၄၉။&lt;ref name=Cholera&gt;[http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/2000_fall/1832_cholera_part2.html The 1832 Cholera Epidemic in New York State. p. 2]. By G. William Beardslee&lt;/ref&gt;
* ယဲကပ် ကဝ်လာ ၁၈၄၆-၁၈၆၀။ ကတဵုဒှ် ပ္ဍဲရုရှာ ဗွဲမသကာတ်မြဟ် မၞိဟ်ဒးချိုတ်အာ မွဲပြကောဋိကိုဋ် ပြင်င်။ ယဲဂှ် ပြးကၞာန် ပွိုင်ၜါသၞာံ ပ္ဍဲအေန်ဂလာန် ကေုာံ ဝေလ ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၈၄၈ ဂှ် ဒးချိုတ်အာ မၞိဟ် ၅၂,၀၀၀။ &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cbc.ca/health/story/2008/05/09/f-cholera-outbreaks.html Cholera's seven pandemics], cbc.ca, 2 December 2008&lt;/ref&gt; ပ္ဍဲကဵု သပိန်ဂှ် ယဲကဝ်လာ ဂစိုတ်ထောအ် မၞိဟ် ဂၠိုင်နူ ၂၃၆,၀၀၀ ပ္ဍဲ အကြာသၞာံ ၁၈၅၄-၅၅။&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 | first = George C.
 | last = Kohn
 | title = Encyclopedia of plague and pestilence: from ancient times to the present
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tzRwRmb09rgC&amp;pg=PA369&amp;dq#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false
 | publisher = Infobase Publishing
 | year = 2008
 | page = 369
 | isbn = 978-0-8160-6935-4}}
&lt;/ref&gt; It claimed 200,000 lives in Mexico.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 | first = Joseph Patrick
 | last = Byrne
 | title = Encyclopedia of Pestilence, Pandemics, and Plagues: A–M
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5Pvi-ksuKFIC&amp;pg=PA101&amp;dq#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false
 | publisher = ABC-CLIO
 | year = 2008
 | page = 101
 | isbn = 978-0-313-34102-1
 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ကပ်ယဲ ကဝ်လာ ၁၈၆၃-၇၅။ ယဲဏအ် ကၞာန်ကၠောအ် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် ပ္ဍဲဥရဝ်ပ ကေုာံ အာဖရိက။ အောန်အိုတ် မၞိဟ်ဒးချိုတ်အာ ၃၀,၀၀၀ ဒးဒုင်ဘဲ နကဵုယဲဏအ် ၉၀,၀၀၀ ရ။ ပ္ဍဲရုရှာ မၞိဟ်ဒးချိုတ်အာ နကဵု ယဲကဝ်လာဏအ် ၉၀,၀၀၀ ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၈၆၆။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/Myadel/pandemics.htm |title=Eastern European Plagues and Epidemics 1300–1918 |publisher=kehilalinks.jewishgen.org |date= |accessdate=26 August 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၈၆၆ ယဲဏအ် ကတဵုဒှ် ပ္ဍဲကဵု အမေရိကသၟဝ်ကျာ။ ယဲဏအ် ဂစိုတ်ထောအ် ကောန်ဍုင်အမေရိကာန် ၅၀,၀၀၀။&lt;ref name=Cholera/&gt;
* ယဲကပ် ကဝ်လာ ၁၈၈၁-၉၆။ ယဲဏအ် ပ္ဍဲအကြာ သၞာံ ၁၈၈၃-၁၈၈၇ ဂှ် မၞိဟ်ချိုတ် ၂၅၀,၀၀၀ ပ္ဍဲဥရဝ်ပ တုဲပၠန် ပ္ဍဲအမေရိကဂှ် အောန်အိုတ် ဒးချိုတ်အာ ၅၀,၀၀၀ ရ။ နကဵုယဲဏအ် ပ္ဍဲရုရှာ မၞိဟ်ဒးချိုတ်အာ ၂၆၇,၈၉၀ ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၈၉၂၊ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Cholera |volume=6 |pages=262–267}}&lt;/ref&gt; ၁၂၀,၀၀၀ ပ္ဍဲသပိန်၊ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E05EED7123BE533A25753C2A9609C94619ED7CF |title=The cholera in Spain | work=New York Times |date=20 June 1890 |accessdate=8 December 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;၉၀,၀၀၀ ပ္ဍဲဂျပေန် ကေုာံ ၆၀,၀၀၀ ပ္ဍဲအဳရာန်။
* ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၈၉၂၊ ကဝ်လာ ကၠောအ်ဂွံ နူဍာ်မပလံင် ပ္ဍဲဍုင်ဟာမ်ဗဝ် (ဂျာမနဳ)တုဲ မၞိဟ် ၈,၆၀၆ ဒးချိုတ်အာရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Barry|first=John M.|authorlink=John M. Barry|title=The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Greatest Plague in History|publisher=Viking Penguin|year=2004|isbn=978-0-670-89473-4|series=|url=https://archive.org/details/greatinfluenzaep00john}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ကပ်ယဲ ကဝ်လာ ၁၈၉၉ - ၁၉၂၃။ ပ္ဍဲဥရဝ်ပ ဟိုတ်နူ ဌာနထတ်ယုက်အလဵုအသဳ ကဵုသတိ စဵုဒၞာတုဲ မၞိဟ်ကတဵုဒှ် ဆညိညဓဝ်ကီုလေဝ် ပ္ဍဲရုရှာ မၞိဟ်ဒးချိုတ်အာ ဂၠိုင်နူ ၅၀၀,၀၀၀။ &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/114078/cholera/253250/Seven-pandemics cholera :: Seven pandemics], Britannica Online Encyclopedia&lt;/ref&gt; The sixth pandemic killed more than 800,000 in India. The 1902–1904 cholera epidemic claimed over 200,000 lives in the [[Philippines]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www3.wooster.edu/History/jgates/book-ch3.html John M. Gates, Ch. 3, &quot;The U.S. Army and Irregular Warfare&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629045949/http://www3.wooster.edu/History/jgates/book-ch3.html |date=29 June 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ကပ်ယဲ ကဝ်လာ ၁၉၆၁-၇၅။ စကတဵုဒှ် ပ္ဍဲ အေန်ဒဝ်နဳရှာ ကော်စ အဳလ်တောရ် (El Tor) နူဂှ် ပြးစပ် ဗေင်္ဂလာဒေသ် ပ္ဍဲ ၁၉၆၃၊ သၞာံ ၁၉၆၄ ဂှ် စိုပ် အိန္ဒိယ၊ သၞာံ ၁၉၆၆ ဂှ် စိုပ် ကၟိန်ဍုင်သဵုဗိယေတ်။ နူဂှ် ပြးစိုပ် အာဖရိက ကေုာံ လဒေါဝ်အမေရိက။ 

=== အေန်ဖလူအေန်သာ (ဇွဟ်) Influenza ===
 [[File:Pandemie.jpg|thumb|Advice (in French and English) for travellers on risks of epidemics abroad. Posters from the Charles De Gaulle airport, Paris.]]
* တၠပညာ ရူပဗေဒ ဂကူဂရိတ် ဟိပ္ပေါကရတေသ် (Hippocrates) ညးမဂွံဒုင် စၟတ်သမ္တီ  &quot;မအံက် ဂဥုဲ (Father of Medicine)&quot; ဂှ် ချူဗၟံက်ထ္ၜး ပရူ အေန်ဖလူအေန်သာ ကၠာအိုတ် ပ္ဍဲကဵု ဘဳသဳ ၄၁၂။ &lt;ref&gt;[http://who.int/inf-pr-1999/en/pr99-11.html 50 Years of Influenza Surveillance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501165850/http://www.who.int/inf-pr-1999/en/pr99-11.html |date=1 May 2009 }}. ''World Health Organization''.&lt;/ref&gt; အေန်ဖလူအေန်သာ ဂှ် ဟီုဗွဲခမၞန် ဖလူ (flu) ရ။
* အေန်ဖလူအေန်သာ နဒဒှ် ကပ်ယဲဂှ် စၟတ်သမ္တီလဝ် ကိုပ်ကၠာအိုတ် ကတဵုဒှ်လဝ် ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၅၈၀၊ စနူအခိင်ဂှ်တုဲ ကပ်ယဲ အေန်ဖလူအေန်သာ ကတဵုဒှ်ကၠုင်ဒၟံင် ဇၟာပ်ပ် ၁၀ ကဵု ၃၀ သၞာံ မွဲအလန်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gov.im/dhss/about/Public_Health/hp/pandemicflu/ &quot;Pandemic Flu&quot;]. Department of Health and Social Security.  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107000431/http://www.gov.im/dhss/about/Public_Health/hp/pandemicflu/ |date=7 January 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beveridge, W.I.B. (1977) ''Influenza: The Last Great Plague: An Unfinished Story of Discovery'', New York: Prodist. {{ISBN|0-88202-118-4}}.{{page?|date=February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal
 |last       = Potter
 |first      = C.W.
 |authorlink = C.W. Potter
 |title      = A History of Influenza
 |url       = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-applied-microbiology_2001-10_91_4/page/572
 |journal    = Journal of Applied Microbiology
 |volume     = 91
 |issue      = 4
 |pages      = 572–579
 |date       = October 2001
 |doi        = 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01492.x
 |pmid       = 11576290
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ကပ်ယဲ ဖလူ ၁၈၈၉-၁၈၉၀၊ သီုမကော်စ ဖလူရုရှာ (ဇွဟ်ရုရှာ) ဂှ် စၟတ်သမ္တီ စကတဵုဒှ် ပ္ဍဲ ဂိတုမေ ၁၈၈၉ ပ္ဍဲ ဗုခရ (Bukhara)၊ ဥဇဗေကိသတာန် (Uzbekistan)။ ၜိုတ် ဂိတုအံက်တဝ်ပါဂှ် ယဲဂှ် စိုပ်အာ တောမ်သ်က် (Tomsk) ကေုာံ ကောကသုသ် (Caucasus)။ ယဲဂှ် ကၠောအ်ကၞာန် စိုပ် အမေရိကသၟဝ်ကျာ မဂၠိုင်ကဵုအလန် ပ္ဍဲ ဒဳဇြေန်ပါ ၁၈၈၉၊ ပ္ဍဲအမေရိကသၠုင်ကျာ ဖေဖဝ်ဝါရဳ-ဨပြဳ ၁၈၉၀၊ အိန္ဒိယ ပ္ဍဲ ဖေဖဝ်ဝါရဳ-မာတ် ၁၈၉၀၊ သြသတေလျာ မာတ်-ဨပြဳ ၁၈၉၀။ ဝဳရုသ် H3N8 ကေုာံ H2N2 မဒှ် ဆာပ်ဂကူ အေန်ဖလူအေန်သာ အေ ဝဳရုသ် ဂှ် ဒှ်ဝဳရုသ် ဟိုတ်ကပ်ယဲဏအ် ဂွံကတဵုဒှ်ရ။ ဝဳရုသ်ဏအ် ကၠောအ်ကၞာန်ဂွံ မၞိဟ်ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်တုဲ သီုဖအိုတ် မၞိဟ်ၜိုတ် မွဲပြကောဋိကိုဋ် ဒးချိုတ်လဝ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/panflu/biofacts/index.html CIDRAP] article ''Pandemic Influenza'' Last updated 16 June 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
* ဖလူ သပိန် (ယဲဇွဟ်သပိန်)၊ The &quot;Spanish flu&quot; ၁၉၁၈-၁၉၁၉။ မဂွံတီကေတ် ကိုပ်ကၠာအိုတ်ဂှ် ပ္ဍဲကဵု ဂိတုမာတ် ၁၉၁၈ နူကောန်ပၞာန်အမေရိကာန် မနွံ ပ္ဍဲ Camp Funston၊ Kansas။ ၜိုတ် အံက်တဝ်ပါ ၁၉၁၈ ဂှ် ယဲဂှ် ပြးဇး အလုံလိုက်တုဲ ဒှ်အာ ကပ်ယဲတုဲ ကောန်မၞိဟ် ပ္ဍဲဂၠးတိ ပိဂအုံ မွဲဂအုံဂှ် မဒးဒုင်ကၠောအ် (ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး ≈ မၞိဟ် 500 ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်)။&lt;ref name=&quot;Taubenberger&quot;/&gt; ယဲဏအ် ကလေင်သ္ၚဲအာ ဗွဲမပြး အပ္ဍဲပွိုင် ၁၈ ဂိတု။ ပ္ဍဲပွိုင် တြဴဂိတုဂှ် မၞိဟ် ၅၀ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ် မဒးချိုတ်အာ နကဵု ကပ်ယဲဏအ်ရ။&lt;ref name=&quot;Taubenberger&quot;&gt;{{cite journal
 |vauthors=Taubenberger JK, Morens DM
 |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases
 |date=January 2006
 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol12no01/05-0979.htm
 |title=1918 Influenza: the mother of all pandemics
 |volume=12
 |issue=1
 |doi=10.3201/eid1201.050979
 |pmid=16494711
 |pages=15–22
 |pmc=3291398
 |ref=harv
 |access-date=7 September 2017
 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kCUlGdKu?url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no01/05-0979.htm
 |archive-date=1 October 2009
 |url-status=dead
 }}&lt;/ref&gt; လ္ၚဵုဂှ် တော်ကေတ်မ္ဂး မၞိဟ်အလုံလိုက်ဂှ် မဒးချိုတ်အာ နကဵု ကပ်ယဲဏအ် ဂၠိုင်နူဂှ် ၜါဆ ဒှ်မာန်ရ။ &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/s/spanish_flu.htm Spanish flu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325113108/http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/s/spanish_flu.htm |date=25 March 2015 }}, ScienceDaily&lt;/ref&gt; ၜိုတ် ၁၇ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်ဂှ် ချိုတ် ပ္ဍဲ အိန္ဒိယ၊ ၆၇၅,၀၀၀ ဂှ် ပ္ဍဲ ကၟိန်ဍုင်အမေရိကာန်&lt;ref&gt;[http://1918.pandemicflu.gov/the_pandemic/index.htm The Great Pandemic: The United States in 1918–1919] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126082941/http://1918.pandemicflu.gov/the_pandemic/index.htm |date=26 November 2011 }}, U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services.&lt;/ref&gt; တုဲ ပ္ဍဲကၟိန်ဍုင်ဨကရာဇ်/အေန်ဂလာန်ဂှ် ၂၀၀,၀၀၀ ရ။ ယဲဇွဟ်သပိန်ဏအ်ဂှ် ဟိုတ်ကောန်ၚာ် မဒးဒုင်ကၠောအ်လောဲသွာတုဲ သီုစၟတ်သမ္တီ ယဲကပ် ကောန်ၚာ်ကီုရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| author1=JA Vilensky| author2=P Foley| author3=S Gilman| title=Children and encephalitis lethargica: a historical review| url=http://www.pedneur.com/article/S0887-8994(07)00194-4/abstract| journal=Pediatric Neurology| volume=37| issue=2| pages=79–84| date=August 2007| pmid=17675021| doi=10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.04.012| ref=harv}}&lt;/ref&gt; ဝဳရုသ်ဏအ်ဂှ် နကဵုအစာသိပ္ပံတအ် ကလေင်ခၞံဗဒှ်ပတိုန်ဂွံ ပ္ဍဲကဵု ဌာနဗဟဵု ထိင်ဒဝ်ယဲကၠောအ်ကၞာန် ကေုာံ စဵုဒၞာ (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -CDC) တုဲ ထိင်ဒဝ် မင်မဲလဝ် ပ္ဍဲကဵု ဒေသဂံက်အာလသကာ (Alaskan permafrost) ရ။ ဝဳရုသ်H1N1 ဂှ် ဒှ်ဝဳရုသ်ဍောတ်၊ ဆဂး ဗီုပြင်လဒက်ပတန်ဍေဟ်ဂှ် တုပ်ဒၟံင် ကုဖလူသပိန်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/h1n1-shares-key-similar-structures-to-1918-flu-providing-research-avenues-for-better-vaccines/|title=H1N1 shares key similar structures to 1918 flu, providing research avenues for better vaccines|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* အာရှဖလူ ၁၉၅၇-၅၈။ ဝဳရုသ် H2N2 ဂွံဆဵုကေတ်ကၠာအိုတ် ပ္ဍဲဍုင်ကြုက် ပ္ဍဲကၞောတ်ဖေဖဝ်ဝါရဳ ၁၉၅၇၊ အလုံလိုက်မွဲ မၞိဟ်ဒးချိုတ်အာ နကဵုဝဳရုသ်ဏအ် ၜိုတ် ၂ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်။ &lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8017585.stm Q&amp;A: Swine flu]. ''BBC News.'' 27 April 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;. The Asian flu spread to the United States by June 1957 and caused about 70,000 deaths in the US. 
* ဟံင်ကံင်ဖလူ ၁၉၆၈-၆၉။ ဝဳရုသ်H3N2 ဂွံဆဵုကေတ်ကၠာအိုတ် ပ္ဍဲဟံင်ကံင် တမ်သၞာံ ၁၉၆၈၊ နူဂှ် ပ္ဍဲကၞောတ်သၞာံဂှ် ကၠောအ်စိုပ် ကၟိန်ဍုင်အမေရိကာန်။ ကပ်ယဲဏအ် အလုံလိုက် ဂစိုတ်ထောအ်မၞိဟ် ၜိုတ် မွဲပြကောဋိကိုဋ်။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=A. M.|first1=Dumar|title=Swine Flu: What You Need to Know|url=https://archive.org/details/swinefluwhatyoun0000amdu|date=2009|publisher=Wildside Press LLC|isbn=9781434458322|page=[https://archive.org/details/swinefluwhatyoun0000amdu/page/20 20]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It caused about 34,000 deaths in the United States.
* ဝဳရုသ် အေန်ဖလူအေန်သာ အေ (H3N2) ဂှ် စဵုကဵု အခိင်လၟုဟ် နွံဒၟံင် ဏီဖိုဟ်ရ။

=== တိပ်ဖါသ် Typhus ===
တိပ်ဖါသ် (Typhus) ဂှ် လဆောဝ်ကော်စ &quot;ယဲၚာင်ဂမ္တဴ ဗဒိုပ် camp fever&quot; &quot;ယဲၚာင်ဂမ္တဴထံင် gaol fever&quot; ကေုာံ &quot;ယဲၚာင်ဂမ္တဴက္ၜင် ship fever&quot; ဟိုတ်နူကဵု မလေပ်ပြးကၞာန် ပ္ဍဲဒၞာဲမၞိဟ်မံင်ကောံကောံ ဗီုကဵု ဗဒိုပ်၊ ထံင် ကေုာံ က္ၜင်တအ်ရ။ ယဲဏအ် ဂွံဆဵုကေတ် ပ္ဍဲသပိန် ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၄၈၉။ အပ္ဍဲအခိင် မဒှ်ဒၟံင် ပေါဲဗတိုက် အကြာ သပိန်ခရေတ်ယာန် ကဵု မူသလေန် ပ္ဍဲဂြာနဒ  (Granada)၊ သပိန် ဒးဆောံလေင်အာ ကောန်ပၞာန် ဟိုတ်နူပၞာန်ဂှ် ၃,၀၀၀ တုဲ ဟိုတ်နူ တိပ်ဖါသ်ဂှ် ၂၀,၀၀၀။ ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၅၂၈ ပြင်သေတ် ဒးဆောံလေင်အာ ကောန်ပၞာန် ၁၈,၀၀၀ ပ္ဍဲအဳတလဳ၊ တုဲ ဒးလေင်အာ အဝဵုသြဇာ ပ္ဍဲအဳတလဳ ကုသပိန်ရ။ ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၅၄၂ ကောန်ပၞာန် ၃၀,၀၀၀ ဒးချိုတ်အာ ဟိုတ်နူကဵု တိပ်ဖါသ် အဃောမဗတိုက်ဒၟံင် ကုသြတ္တောမာန် ပ္ဍဲဗလ်ကာန် (Balkans)ရ။

ပ္ဍဲအခိင် ပၞာန်၃၀သၞာံ (Thirty Years' War) (၁၆၁၈–၁၆၄၈) ဂှ် ဂကူဂျာမာန် ဒးချိုတ်အာ ၈ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ် နကဵု ယဲပလုက်ဗုဗဝ်နိစ် (bubonic plague) ကေုာံ တိပ်ဖါသ် ရ။&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,794989,00.html War and Pestilence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921004137/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,794989,00.html |date=2009-09-21 }}. ''Time.'' 29 April 1940&lt;/ref&gt; ယဲဂှ် ဒှ်အရာအဓိက သွက်ဂွံပလီုထောအ် ဒပ်ပၞာန် နပဝ်လဳယာန် (Napoleon's ''Grande Armée'' ပ္ဍဲရုရှာ ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၈၁၂ ဂှ်ရ။ ပ္ဍဲအခိင် မနုက်ပၞာန် နူမဝ်သကဝ်ဂှ် ကောန်ပၞာန်ပြင်သေတ် ဒးချိုတ်အာ နကဵုယဲတိပ်ဖါသ်ဂှ် ဂၠိုင်နူကဵု မဒးဒုင်ချိုတ် ဟိုတ်နူပၞာန်ရုရှာဏီရ။&lt;ref&gt;[http://entomology.montana.edu/historybug/TYPHUS-Conlon.pdf The Historical Impact of Epidemic Typhus] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611213940/http://entomology.montana.edu/historybug/TYPHUS-Conlon.pdf |date=11 June 2010 }}. Joseph M. Conlon.&lt;/ref&gt; ပၞောဝ်ကဵု ကောန်ပၞာန် ၄၅၀,၀၀၀ မတတ်ကြုင်နေမေန် (Neman River) ပ္ဍဲ ၂၅ ဂျူလာင် ၁၈၁၂ ဂှ် ဆကောန်ပၞာန် အောန်နူ ၄၀,၀၀၀ ဂွံကလေင်စဴရ။ ကောန်ပၞာန် မဒးဒုင် ချိုတ် နကဵုယဲတိပ်ဖါသ် အကြာသၞာံ ၁၅၀၀-၁၉၁၄ ဂၠိုင်နူကဵု ပြဟ်လလုဲအာ ပ္ဍဲပေါဲဗတိုက်ဏီရ။&lt;ref name=&quot;TIME Magazine 1940&quot;&gt;[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,794989,00.html War and Pestilence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921004137/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,794989,00.html |date=2009-09-21 }}. ''Time''.&lt;/ref&gt; ပ္ဍဲ သၞာံ ၁၈၁၃ လပါ်စ၊ နပဝ်လဳယာန် ဇက်အာပၞာန် မွဲအလန်ပၠန် နကဵု ဒြဟတ်ကောန်ပၞာန် ၅၀၀,၀၀၀ သွက်ကလေင် ကလိဂွံ ဒၞာဲဇကု မကျဗြမ်လဝ် ကဵုရုရှာရ။ ပ္ဍဲကဵု ပေါဲပၞာန် ပ္ဍဲသၞာံဂှ် ကောန်ပၞာန် နပဝ်လဳယာန် ဒးချိုတ်အာ နကဵုတိပ်ဖါသ် ၂၁၉,၀၀၀ ပြင်င်ရ။&lt;ref name=Typhus/&gt;  ပ္ဍဲကဵု ဓိကဵုအာလူအာဲရေတ် (Irish Potato Famine) ဂှ်လေဝ် တိပ်ဖါသ် ပါလုပ်လဝ် ဗွဲမဇၞော်ကဵုဒြဟတ်ကီုရ။ ပ္ဍဲအခိင်ကာလ ပၞာန်ဂၠးတိအလန်ပထမဂှ် တိပ်ဖါသ် ဂစိုတ်ထောအ်မၞိဟ် ၁၅၀,၀၀၀ ပြင်င် ပ္ဍဲကဵု သာပဳယျာ။ ပ္ဍဲရုရှာ အကြာသၞာံ ၁၉၁၈ ကဵု ၁၉၂၂ ဂှ် မၞိဟ်မဒးဒုင်ကၠောအ်ယဲ တိပ်ဖါသ် ၂၅ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်တုဲ မၞိဟ် ၃ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ် ဒးချိုတ်အာ နကဵု တိပ်ဖါပ်ရ။&lt;ref name=Typhus&gt;{{cite web |url=http://entomology.montana.edu/historybug/TYPHUS-Conlon.pdf |title=The historical impact of epidemic typhus |author=Joseph M. Conlon |accessdate=21 April 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611213940/http://entomology.montana.edu/historybug/TYPHUS-Conlon.pdf |archivedate=11 June 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; တိပ်ဖါသ် သီုဂစိုတ် လၟိဟ် ကောန်ထံင် ပ္ဍဲ ဗဒိုပ်ထိင်ဒဝ်နာဇြဳ (Nazi concentration camp) ကေုာံ ပ္ဍဲထံင်ဂၠုဲပၞာန် ဍုင်သဵုဗိယေတ် ပ္ဍဲအခိင်ကာလ ပၞာန်ဂၠးတိဒုတိယဂှ်ရ။ ကောန်ပၞာန်သဵုဗိယေတ် ပ္ဍဲထံင် သဵုဗိယေတ် ဒးချိုတ်အာ နကဵုယဲဏအ် ၅.၇ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.historynet.com/soviet-prisoners-of-war-forgotten-nazi-victims-of-world-war-ii.htm Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II] By Jonathan Nor, TheHistoryNet&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ယဲဗြန် (Smallpox) ===
[[File:Child with Smallpox Wellcome L0032953.jpg|thumb|ဗီုကောန်ၚာ် မကတဵုဒှ် ယဲဗြန် ၜိုတ် ၁၉၀၈]]
ယဲဗြန်ဂှ် ကတဵုဒှ် ဟိုတ်နူကဵု ဝဳရုသ် နာနာသာ်ရ။ ပ္ဍဲကဵုသၞာံ ကြပ် ၁၈ ဗွဝ်ကၠံတေအ် ယဲဏအ် ဂစိုတ်ထောအ် ကောန်ဍုင်ဥရဝ်ပ ၜိုတ် ၄၀၀,၀၀၀ ရိုဟ်ဒဒှ်သၞာံရ။&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=vacc.chapter.3 Smallpox and Vaccinia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601172056/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=vacc.chapter.3 |date=1 June 2009 }}. ''National Center for Biotechnology Information.''&lt;/ref&gt; ပ္ဍဲအခိင် ၂၀ ဗွဝ်ကၠံဂှ် မၞိဟ်မဒးဒုင်ချိုတ် နကဵု ယဲဗြန် နွံၜိုတ် အကြာ ၃၀၀ - ၅၀၀ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ucdavismagazine.ucdavis.edu/issues/su06/feature_1b.html |title=UC Davis Magazine, Summer 2006: Epidemics on the Horizon |accessdate=3 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211181455/http://ucdavismagazine.ucdavis.edu/issues/su06/feature_1b.html |archivedate=11 December 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080131122956.htm How Poxviruses Such As Smallpox Evade The Immune System], ScienceDaily, 1 February 2008&lt;/ref&gt; ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၉၅၀တအ် လပါ်စဂှ် မၞိဟ်ၜိုတ် ၅၀ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ် ကတဵုဒှ်လဝ် ယဲဗြန် ပ္ဍဲဂၠးတိဏအ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/smallpox/en/ &quot;Smallpox&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921235036/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/smallpox/en/ |date=21 September 2007 }}. ''WHO Factsheet.'' Retrieved on 22 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; ကြဴနူ ကလိဂွံ ဂဥုဲစဵုဒၞာတုဲ ပ္ဍဲအခိင် အကြာ ၁၉ ကဵု ၂၀ ဗွဝ်ကၠံဂှ် ဗက်ဆဝ်မ္ၚုဟ် ညံင်ဂွံထပက်စဵုဒၞာ ယဲဗြန်တုဲ ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၁၉၇၉ ဂိတုဒဳဇြေန်ပါဂှ် နကဵု ဂကောံထတ်ယုက်ဂၠးကဝ် ဂွံဖျေဟ်စိုတ် လတူယဲဗြန်ရ။ အခိင်လၟုဟ်မ္ဂး ယဲဗြန်ဝွံ စဵုဒၞာမာန်ကၠုင်ပေင်င်ရ။ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | author = De Cock KM | title = (Book Review) The Eradication of Smallpox: Edward Jenner and The First and Only Eradication of a Human Infectious Disease | url = http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v7/n1/full/nm0101_15b.html| journal = Nature Medicine | year = 2001 | volume = 7 | pages = 15–16 | doi = 10.1038/83283 | issue=1 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== ကဝ်ရဝ်နာဝဳရုသ်ဂမၠိုင် (Coronaviruses) ===
ကဝ်ရဝ်နာဝဳရုသ်ဂမၠိုင် (CoV) ဂှ် ဒှ်ဂကောံဝဳရုသ် မနွံ ဂၠိုင်ကဵု ဂကူတုဲ ဂကူလ္ၚဵုဂှ် ပကဵု ညံင်ဂွံဒှ် ဆယဲဓမ္မတာတုဲ ဂကူလ္ၚဵုဂှ် မပ္တံကဵု (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome -MERS-CoV) ကေုာံ (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - SARS-CoV) တအ်ဂှ် ကဵုဘဲအန္တရာယ်လမျီု ကုမၞိဟ်တအ်ရ။ နဝ်ဝေလ် ကဝ်ရဝ်နာဝဳရုသ် (SARS-CoV-2) မဂွံဆဵုကေတ်တၟိဂှ် နကဵုမၞိဟ် စဵုဒၞာဟွံမာန်ဏီရ။ 

ကဝ်ရဝ်နာဝဳရုသ် လ္ၚဵုတအ်ဂှ် ဒှ်ဝဳရုသ် ဇြူနဝ်တိစ် (zoonotic) မဂွံအဓိပ္ပါယ် နူတိရစ္ဆာန် မလေပ်ကၠောအ် ကဵုမာန်ရ။ ၜိုတ်မဂွံတီမ္ဂး SARS-CoV ဂှ် နူ ခၜဵု (civet cat)  ကၠောအ်စိုပ် မၞိဟ်၊ MERS-CoV ဂှ် နူ အုတ်ဂလာ (camel) ကၠောအ်စိုပ် မၞိဟ်ရ။ ကဝ်ရဝ်နာဝဳရုသ် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် ဂေတ်လန်ဒၟံင် ပ္ဍဲတိရစ္ဆာန်တုဲ ဟွံ ကၠောအ်လုပ် မၞိဟ်ဏီရ။ ကဝ်ရဝ်နာဝဳရုသ်ဂှ် ကၠောအ်ဂွံ ပ္ဍဲမၞိဟ်မ္ဂး သၞောတ်အဳမျုန်မၞိဟ် တဝ်စၞေဟ် ကုကဝ်ရဝ်နာဝဳရုသ်ဂှ်တုဲ မၞိဟ်ဂှ် ဇကုကတဴ (fever)၊ တုဲမ္ဂး မၞိဟ်ခ္ဍက်၊ ယီုဂၠေအ် တုဲမ္ဂး ယီုဝါတ် ကတဵုဒှ်ရ။ ယဝ်ရ သၞောတ်အဳမျုန်ဇကု တဝ်စၞေဟ် ဟွံမာန်မ္ဂး (kidney) လီုတုဲ စဵုဒးစုတိရ။ သွက်ဂွံစဵုဒၞာဲ ဝဳရုသ်တအ် နဲခိုဟ်အိုတ်ဂှ် ဒှ်နဲကြာတ်တဲရ။ ကုညး မနွံကဵု ဝဳရုသ်တအ် ညံင်ဝဳရုသ် ဟွံဂွံကၠောအ် ကုညးသအာင်တုဲ ကာလဇကု ခဍက် ခအှ်မ္ဂး ကၟာတ်လဝ်ပါင် နကဵုယာတ်ရ။ မုဟိုတ်ရောမ္ဂး ဝဳရုသ်တအ်ဂှ် ဍောတ်သောဲလောန်တုဲ နူကဵု ဍာ်ပါင် ဍာ်မုဟ်ဇကု မပြးတိတ်သောဲသောဲတအ်ဂှ် ဝဳရုသ်တအ် ပြးစိုပ်ညးတၞဟ်မာန်ရ။ ယဝ်ရ ဇကု ခဍက် ခအှ်စုတ်လဝ် ပ္ဍဲဂတာတဲဇကုတုဲ ဇကုအာရပ် မွဲမွဲဒၞာဲ ဗီုကဵု ဒရဲ ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး ဓလဲတအ်မ္ဂး ညးတၞဟ်ကၠုင်ရပ်ဒး ဒၞာဲဂှ်မ္ဂး ဝဳရုသ်ဂှ် စိုပ်အာ ပ္ဍဲတဲ ညးတၞဟ်ရ။ နူဂှ် မၞိဟ်ဂှ် အာဇွိတ်ဒး မုဟ်၊ ပါင်မ္ဂး ဝဳရုသ်ဂှ် စိုပ်အာ ပ္ဍဲခန္ဓမၞိဟ်ဂှ်တုဲ မၞိဟ်ဂှ် ဒးဒုင်ကၠောအ်အာရ။ 

အတိုင်ဌာနသုတေသန အမေရိကာန်မဆဵုကေတ်မ္ဂး ကဝ်ရဝ်နာဝဳရုသ်ဂှ် ကြဴနူမတိတ်အာ နူမၞိဟ် နကဵုခဍက် ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး ခအှ်တုဲ ပ္ဍဲလတူကျာဂှ် ပွိုင် ပိ နာဍဳဂျိုင်မာန်ရ။ လတူပသဲ ဟွံမဲကဵုနှိင် ဗီုကဵု တဝ်တြင် ကေုာံ လတူပလာသတေတ်တအ်ဂှ် စဵုကဵု ပိတ္ၚဲဍေဟ်တအ်ဂျိုင်မာန်၊ လတူစက္ခဴတအ်ဂှ် ပွိုင် ၂၄ နာဍဳ၊ လတူဗရိုတ်တအ်ဂှ် ပွိုင် ၄ နာဍဳ ဍေဟ်ဂျိုင်မာန်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Corona-virus kan overleve på dørhåndtaget i op til tre dage: ’Håndvask og god hygiejne er vigtigt’|url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/viden/kroppen/corona-virus-kan-overleve-paa-doerhaandtaget-i-op-til-tre-dage-haandvask-og?cid=soc_facebook_drnyheder_post_rd89t0d1&amp;fbclid=IwAR1hwE44g71OBeQol4KdyRMReQzjxJeW7ccnq4mbIoIEiPtkH8-fV__q4wI|work=Danish Radio |date=13 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== နိဿဲ ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:BEHM]]
[[Category:ပရေင်ထတ်ယုက်]]
[[Category:ဇဳဝဗေဒ]]
[[Category:]]
&lt;references /&gt;
[[ကဏ္ဍ:ယဲကပ်]]</text>
      <sha1>8jlnhu053wid17k7lb1afac29knod8g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>List of countries by age of consent</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2256</id>
    <revision>
      <id>57298</id>
      <parentid>56530</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-15T00:09:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>1698</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>57298</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="252428" sha1="fsegemiyzal094yhtxjfxbkkhq59hry" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Age of consent by jurisdiction}}
The [[age of consent]] is the age at which a person is considered to be [[legally competent]] to [[Sexual consent|consent]] to [[Human sexual activity|sexual acts]] and is thus the minimum age of a person with whom another person is legally permitted to engage in sexual activity. The distinguishing aspect of the age of consent laws is that the person below the minimum age is regarded as the victim, and his or her sex partner is regarded as the offender, unless both are underage. So leave them hoes don’t suck them toes.

== Maps ==
{|cellpadding=5 style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center&quot;
!
! colspan=2|Unlimited age of consent by country
|-
!
!Male
!Female
|-
!Heterosexual
|&lt;section begin=Map heterosexual males /&gt;{{Graph:Map|scale = 38|CN=#33a02c|JP=#1f78b4|DE=#33a02c|GB=#33a02c|FR=#33a02c|IN=#33a02c|IT=#33a02c|BR=#ff7f00|CA=#33a02c|KR=#cab2d6|RU=#33a02c|ES=#33a02c|ID=#33a02c|NL=#33a02c|TR=#33a02c|CH=#33a02c|SA=#33a02c|SE=#33a02c|NG=#33a02c|PL=#33a02c|AR=#33a02c|BE=#33a02c|VE=#e31a1c|NO=#33a02c|AT=#33a02c|IR=#33a02c|TH=#33a02c|AE=#33a02c|CO=#ff7f00|ZA=#e31a1c|DK=#33a02c|MY=#e31a1c|SG=#e31a1c|IL=#e31a1c|PH=#33a02c|EG=#33a02c|HK=#a6cee3|FI=#33a02c|CL=#33a02c|PK=#33a02c|IE=#fb9a99|GR=#33a02c|PT=#33a02c|IQ=#33a02c|KZ=#e31a1c|DZ=#e31a1c|QA=#33a02c|CZ=#33a02c|PE=#33a02c|RO=#33a02c|NZ=#e31a1c|VN=#e31a1c|BD=#ff7f00|KW=#fb9a99|AO=#e31a1c|HU=#33a02c|UA=#33a02c|MA=#33a02c|PR=#e31a1c|EC=#33a02c|SK=#33a02c|CU=#e31a1c|SD=#cab2d6|OM=#33a02c|BY=#e31a1c|AZ=#e31a1c|LK=#e31a1c|MM=#ff7f00|LU=#33a02c|DO=#33a02c|UZ=#e31a1c|KE=#33a02c|GT=#33a02c|UY=#33a02c|HR=#33a02c|BG=#33a02c|MO=#ff7f00|ET=#33a02c|LB=#33a02c|CR=#33a02c|SI=#33a02c|PA=#33a02c|LT=#33a02c|TZ=#33a02c|TM=#e31a1c|TN=#33a02c|RS=#33a02c|LY=#33a02c|GH=#e31a1c|YE=#6F6F6F|CD=#33a02c|JO=#e31a1c|CI=#33a02c|BH=#a6cee3|BO=#33a02c|CM=#a6cee3|LV=#33a02c|PY=#ff7f00|TT=#33a02c|UG=#33a02c|ZM=#e31a1c|EE=#33a02c|SV=#33a02c|CY=#33a02c|AF=#33a02c|HN=#ff7f00|NP=#e31a1c|BA=#33a02c|GA=#33a02c|KP=#fdbf6f|BN=#e31a1c|MZ=#e31a1c|IS=#33a02c|KH=#fdbf6f|GQ=#33a02c|PG=#e31a1c|GE=#33a02c|BW=#33a02c|SN=#e31a1c|ZW=#e31a1c|CG=#33a02c|JM=#e31a1c|NA=#6F6F6F|AL=#33a02c|TD=#e31a1c|BF=#33a02c|MU=#e31a1c|MN=#e31a1c|ML=#fdbf6f|NI=#33a02c|LA=#fdbf6f|MK=#33a02c|SS=#33a02c|AM=#e31a1c|MG=#ff7f00|MT=#33a02c|BJ=#e31a1c|TJ=#e31a1c|HT=#33a02c|BS=#e31a1c|NE=#a6cee3|MD=#33a02c|RW=#33a02c|KG=#e31a1c|KOSOVO=#e31a1c|MC=#33a02c|GN=#fdbf6f|LI=#33a02c|MW=#e31a1c|BM=#e31a1c|SR=#e31a1c|MR=#33a02c|TL=#ff7f00|SL=#33a02c|ME=#33a02c|TG=#fdbf6f|FJ=#e31a1c|SZ=#33a02c|BB=#e31a1c|ER=#33a02c|AD=#33a02c|CW=#fdbf6f|GY=#e31a1c|MV=#33a02c|BI=#33a02c|AW=#fdbf6f|LR=#33a02c|LS=#ff7f00|BT=#33a02c|CV=#e31a1c|SM=#33a02c|CF=#33a02c|BZ=#e31a1c|DJ=#33a02c|SC=#fdbf6f|LC=#e31a1c|SO=#33a02c|AG=#e31a1c|GW=#e31a1c|GM=#33a02c|WS=#e31a1c|VU=#33a02c|KM=#fdbf6f|DM=#e31a1c|ST=#e31a1c|KI=#fdbf6f|TV=#33a02c|SY=#fdbf6f|TW=#e31a1c|VA=#e31a1c }}&lt;section begin=Map heterosexual males /&gt;
|&lt;section begin=Map heterosexual females /&gt;{{Graph:Map|scale = 38|CN=#33a02c|JP=#1f78b4|DE=#33a02c|GB=#33a02c|FR=#33a02c|IN=#33a02c|IT=#33a02c|BR=#ff7f00|CA=#33a02c|KR=#cab2d6|RU=#33a02c|ES=#33a02c|ID=#33a02c|NL=#33a02c|TR=#33a02c|CH=#33a02c|SA=#fdbf6f|SE=#33a02c|NG=#33a02c|PL=#33a02c|AR=#33a02c|BE=#33a02c|VE=#e31a1c|NO=#33a02c|AT=#33a02c|IR=#fdbf6f|TH=#33a02c|AE=#33a02c|CO=#ff7f00|ZA=#e31a1c|DK=#33a02c|MY=#e31a1c|SG=#e31a1c|IL=#e31a1c|PH=#33a02c|EG=#33a02c|HK=#a6cee3|FI=#33a02c|CL=#33a02c|PK=#e31a1c|IE=#fb9a99|GR=#33a02c|PT=#33a02c|IQ=#33a02c|KZ=#e31a1c|DZ=#e31a1c|QA=#e31a1c|CZ=#33a02c|PE=#33a02c|RO=#33a02c|NZ=#e31a1c|VN=#e31a1c|BD=#ff7f00|KW=#fdbf6f|AO=#e31a1c|HU=#33a02c|UA=#33a02c|MA=#33a02c|PR=#e31a1c|EC=#ff7f00|SK=#33a02c|CU=#e31a1c|SD=#6a3d9a|OM=#33a02c|BY=#e31a1c|AZ=#e31a1c|LK=#e31a1c|MM=#ff7f00|LU=#33a02c|DO=#33a02c|UZ=#e31a1c|KE=#33a02c|GT=#33a02c|UY=#33a02c|HR=#33a02c|BG=#33a02c|MO=#ff7f00|ET=#33a02c|LB=#33a02c|CR=#33a02c|SI=#33a02c|PA=#33a02c|LT=#33a02c|TZ=#33a02c|TM=#e31a1c|TN=#33a02c|RS=#33a02c|LY=#e31a1c|GH=#e31a1c|YE=#FEEBE2|CD=#33a02c|JO=#e31a1c|CI=#33a02c|BH=#a6cee3|BO=#33a02c|CM=#a6cee3|LV=#33a02c|PY=#ff7f00|TT=#33a02c|UG=#33a02c|ZM=#e31a1c|EE=#33a02c|SV=#33a02c|CY=#33a02c|AF=#e31a1c|HN=#ff7f00|NP=#e31a1c|BA=#33a02c|GA=#33a02c|KP=#fdbf6f|BN=#e31a1c|MZ=#e31a1c|IS=#33a02c|KH=#fdbf6f|GQ=#33a02c|PG=#fb9a99|GE=#33a02c|BW=#33a02c|SN=#e31a1c|ZW=#e31a1c|CG=#33a02c|JM=#e31a1c|NA=#e31a1c|AL=#33a02c|TD=#e31a1c|BF=#33a02c|MU=#e31a1c|MN=#e31a1c|ML=#fdbf6f|NI=#33a02c|LA=#fdbf6f|MK=#33a02c|SS=#33a02c|AM=#e31a1c|MG=#ff7f00|MT=#33a02c|BJ=#e31a1c|TJ=#e31a1c|HT=#33a02c|BS=#e31a1c|NE=#a6cee3|MD=#33a02c|RW=#33a02c|KG=#e31a1c|KOSOVO=#e31a1c|MC=#33a02c|GN=#fdbf6f|LI=#33a02c|MW=#e31a1c|BM=#e31a1c|SR=#e31a1c|MR=#33a02c|TL=#ff7f00|SL=#33a02c|ME=#33a02c|TG=#fdbf6f|FJ=#e31a1c|SZ=#33a02c|BB=#e31a1c|ER=#33a02c|AD=#33a02c|CW=#fdbf6f|GY=#e31a1c|MV=#FEEBE2|BI=#33a02c|AW=#fdbf6f|LR=#33a02c|LS=#ff7f00|BT=#33a02c|CV=#e31a1c|SM=#33a02c|CF=#33a02c|BZ=#e31a1c|DJ=#33a02c|SC=#fdbf6f|LC=#e31a1c|SO=#33a02c|AG=#e31a1c|GW=#e31a1c|GM=#33a02c|WS=#e31a1c|VU=#33a02c|KM=#fdbf6f|DM=#e31a1c|ST=#e31a1c|KI=#33a02c|TV=#33a02c|SY=#fdbf6f|TW=#e31a1c|VA=#ff7f00 }}&lt;section end=Map heterosexual females /&gt;
|-
!Homosexual
|&lt;section begin=Map homosexual males /&gt;{{Graph:Map|scale = 38|CN=#33a02c|JP=#33a02c|DE=#33a02c|GB=#33a02c|FR=#33a02c|IN=#33a02c|IT=#33a02c|BR=#ff7f00|CA=#33a02c|KR=#cab2d6|RU=#33a02c|ES=#33a02c|ID=#33a02c|NL=#33a02c|TR=#33a02c|CH=#33a02c|SA=#2F2F2F|SE=#33a02c|NG=#2F2F2F|PL=#33a02c|AR=#33a02c|BE=#33a02c|VE=#e31a1c|NO=#33a02c|AT=#33a02c|IR=#2F2F2F|TH=#33a02c|AE=#2F2F2F|CO=#ff7f00|ZA=#e31a1c|DK=#33a02c|MY=#2F2F2F|SG=#e31a1c|IL=#e31a1c|PH=#33a02c|EG=#2F2F2F|HK=#2F2F2F|FI=#33a02c|CL=#33a02c|PK=#2F2F2F|IE=#fb9a99|GR=#33a02c|PT=#33a02c|IQ=#2F2F2F|KZ=#e31a1c|DZ=#2F2F2F|QA=#2F2F2F|CZ=#33a02c|PE=#33a02c|RO=#33a02c|NZ=#e31a1c|VN=#e31a1c|BD=#ff7f00|KW=#2F2F2F|AO=#e31a1c|HU=#33a02c|UA=#33a02c|MA=#2F2F2F|PR=#e31a1c|EC=#33a02c|SK=#33a02c|CU=#e31a1c|SD=#2F2F2F|OM=#2F2F2F|BY=#e31a1c|AZ=#e31a1c|LK=#e31a1c|MM=#ff7f00|LU=#33a02c|DO=#33a02c|UZ=#2F2F2F|KE=#2F2F2F|GT=#33a02c|UY=#33a02c|HR=#33a02c|BG=#33a02c|MO=#ff7f00|ET=#2F2F2F|LB=#33a02c|CR=#33a02c|SI=#33a02c|PA=#33a02c|LT=#33a02c|TZ=#2F2F2F|TM=#e31a1c|TN=#2F2F2F|RS=#33a02c|LY=#2F2F2F|GH=#e31a1c|YE=#2F2F2F|CD=#33a02c|JO=#e31a1c|CI=#2F2F2F|BH=#2F2F2F|BO=#33a02c|CM=#2F2F2F|LV=#33a02c|PY=#e31a1c|TT=#33a02c|UG=#33a02c|ZM=#e31a1c|EE=#33a02c|SV=#33a02c|CY=#33a02c|AF=#2F2F2F|HN=#ff7f00|NP=#e31a1c|BA=#33a02c|GA=#a6cee3|KP=#fdbf6f|BN=#e31a1c|MZ=#e31a1c|IS=#33a02c|KH=#fdbf6f|GQ=#2F2F2F|PG=#2F2F2F|GE=#33a02c|BW=#2F2F2F|SN=#2F2F2F|ZW=#2F2F2F|CG=#2F2F2F|JM=#e31a1c|NA=#2F2F2F|AL=#33a02c|TD=#e31a1c|BF=#2F2F2F|MU=#e31a1c|MN=#e31a1c|ML=#fdbf6f|NI=#33a02c|LA=#fdbf6f|MK=#33a02c|SS=#33a02c|AM=#e31a1c|MG=#a6cee3|MT=#33a02c|BJ=#a6cee3|TJ=#e31a1c|HT=#33a02c|BS=#33a02c|NE=#2F2F2F|MD=#33a02c|RW=#33a02c|KG=#e31a1c|KOSOVO=#e31a1c|MC=#33a02c|GN=#fdbf6f|LI=#33a02c|MW=#e31a1c|BM=#e31a1c|SR=#e31a1c|MR=#33a02c|TL=#ff7f00|SL=#33a02c|ME=#33a02c|TG=#fdbf6f|FJ=#e31a1c|SZ=#2F2F2F|BB=#e31a1c|ER=#33a02c|AD=#33a02c|CW=#fdbf6f|GY=#e31a1c|MV=#2F2F2F|BI=#2F2F2F|AW=#fdbf6f|LR=#2F2F2F|LS=#ff7f00|BT=#33a02c|CV=#e31a1c|SM=#33a02c|CF=#33a02c|BZ=#e31a1c|DJ=#2F2F2F|SC=#2F2F2F|LC=#e31a1c|SO=#2F2F2F|AG=#e31a1c|GW=#e31a1c|GM=#33a02c|WS=#e31a1c|VU=#33a02c|KM=#2F2F2F|DM=#e31a1c|ST=#e31a1c|KI=#2F2F2F|TV=#33a02c|SY=#fdbf6f|TW=#e31a1c|VA=#2F2F2F }}&lt;section end=Map homosexual males /&gt;
|&lt;section begin=Map homosexual females /&gt;{{Graph:Map|scale = 38|CN=#33a02c|JP=#33a02c|DE=#33a02c|GB=#33a02c|FR=#33a02c|IN=#33a02c|IT=#33a02c|BR=#ff7f00|CA=#33a02c|KR=#cab2d6|RU=#33a02c|ES=#33a02c|ID=#33a02c|NL=#33a02c|TR=#33a02c|CH=#33a02c|SA=#2F2F2F|SE=#33a02c|NG=#2F2F2F|PL=#33a02c|AR=#33a02c|BE=#33a02c|VE=#e31a1c|NO=#33a02c|AT=#33a02c|IR=#2F2F2F|TH=#33a02c|AE=#2F2F2F|CO=#ff7f00|ZA=#e31a1c|DK=#33a02c|MY=#2F2F2F|SG=#e31a1c|IL=#e31a1c|PH=#33a02c|EG=#2F2F2F|HK=#2F2F2F|FI=#33a02c|CL=#33a02c|PK=#2F2F2F|IE=#fb9a99|GR=#33a02c|PT=#33a02c|IQ=#2F2F2F|KZ=#e31a1c|DZ=#2F2F2F|QA=#2F2F2F|CZ=#33a02c|PE=#33a02c|RO=#33a02c|NZ=#e31a1c|VN=#e31a1c|BD=#ff7f00|KW=#2F2F2F|AO=#e31a1c|HU=#33a02c|UA=#33a02c|MA=#2F2F2F|PR=#e31a1c|EC=#ff7f00|SK=#33a02c|CU=#e31a1c|SD=#2F2F2F|OM=#2F2F2F|BY=#e31a1c|AZ=#e31a1c|LK=#e31a1c|MM=#ff7f00|LU=#33a02c|DO=#33a02c|UZ=#e31a1c|KE=#2F2F2F|GT=#33a02c|UY=#33a02c|HR=#33a02c|BG=#33a02c|MO=#ff7f00|ET=#2F2F2F|LB=#33a02c|CR=#33a02c|SI=#33a02c|PA=#33a02c|LT=#33a02c|TZ=#2F2F2F|TM=#e31a1c|TN=#2F2F2F|RS=#33a02c|LY=#2F2F2F|GH=#e31a1c|YE=#2F2F2F|CD=#33a02c|JO=#e31a1c|CI=#2F2F2F|BH=#2F2F2F|BO=#33a02c|CM=#2F2F2F|LV=#33a02c|PY=#e31a1c|TT=#33a02c|UG=#33a02c|ZM=#e31a1c|EE=#33a02c|SV=#33a02c|CY=#33a02c|AF=#2F2F2F|HN=#ff7f00|NP=#e31a1c|BA=#33a02c|GA=#a6cee3|KP=#fdbf6f|BN=#e31a1c|MZ=#e31a1c|IS=#33a02c|KH=#fdbf6f|GQ=#2F2F2F|PG=#2F2F2F|GE=#33a02c|BW=#2F2F2F|SN=#2F2F2F|ZW=#2F2F2F|CG=#2F2F2F|JM=#e31a1c|NA=#e31a1c|AL=#33a02c|TD=#e31a1c|BF=#2F2F2F|MU=#e31a1c|MN=#e31a1c|ML=#fdbf6f|NI=#33a02c|LA=#fdbf6f|MK=#33a02c|SS=#33a02c|AM=#e31a1c|MG=#a6cee3|MT=#33a02c|BJ=#a6cee3|TJ=#e31a1c|HT=#33a02c|BS=#33a02c|NE=#2F2F2F|MD=#33a02c|RW=#33a02c|KG=#e31a1c|KOSOVO=#e31a1c|MC=#33a02c|GN=#fdbf6f|LI=#33a02c|MW=#e31a1c|BM=#e31a1c|SR=#e31a1c|MR=#33a02c|TL=#ff7f00|SL=#33a02c|ME=#33a02c|TG=#fdbf6f|FJ=#e31a1c|SZ=#2F2F2F|BB=#e31a1c|ER=#33a02c|AD=#33a02c|CW=#fdbf6f|GY=#e31a1c|MV=#2F2F2F|BI=#2F2F2F|AW=#fdbf6f|LR=#2F2F2F|LS=#ff7f00|BT=#33a02c|CV=#e31a1c|SM=#33a02c|CF=#33a02c|BZ=#e31a1c|DJ=#2F2F2F|SC=#2F2F2F|LC=#e31a1c|SO=#2F2F2F|AG=#e31a1c|GW=#e31a1c|GM=#33a02c|WS=#e31a1c|VU=#33a02c|KM=#2F2F2F|DM=#e31a1c|ST=#e31a1c|KI=#2F2F2F|TV=#33a02c|SY=#fdbf6f|TW=#e31a1c|VA=#2F2F2F }}&lt;section end=Map homosexual females /&gt;
|-
|
|colspan=2|&lt;section begin=maps key /&gt;{{Legend0|#FEEBE2|9}} {{Legend0|#b15928|10}} {{Legend0|#ffff99|11}} {{Legend0|#6a3d9a|12}} {{Legend0|#cab2d6|13}} {{Legend0|#ff7f00|14}} {{Legend0|#fdbf6f|15}} {{Legend0|#e31a1c|16}} {{Legend0|#fb9a99|17}} {{Legend0|#33a02c|18}} {{Legend0|#b2df8a|19}} {{Legend0|#1f78b4|20}} {{Legend0|#a6cee3|21}}&lt;br&gt;{{Legend0|#2F2F2F|Forbidden at any age}} {{Legend0|#6F6F6F|Unknown}} {{Legend0|#C0C0C0|Varies by state}}&lt;section end=maps key /&gt;
|}

== Table ==
&lt;section begin=Definitions /&gt;

=== Definitions ===
{{Main|Age of consent#Defenses and exceptions}}
*'''Limited by age''': younger partner is deemed able to consent to having sex with an older one as long as their age difference doesn't exceed a specified amount.
*'''Limited by relationship''': younger partner is deemed able to consent to having sex with an older one as long as the latter is not in a position of trust or authority, or is not recognised to be abusing the inexperience of the younger one.
*'''Unlimited''': age from which one is deemed able to consent to having sex with anyone else or [[marriageable age]] if they must be married

Different jurisdictions express these definitions differently. Some, like most Australian states, may say the age of consent is 16 except if the older partner is in a position of authority over the younger one. So, effectively, the unrestricted age of consent there is 18. Others, like Argentina, may say the age of consent is 18, but an exception is made down to 13 years of age, if the older partner is not in a position of authority over the younger one. The data below reflects what each jurisdiction's legislation actually means, rather than what it states on the surface.
&lt;section end=Definitions /&gt;
{|class=&quot;nowrap sortable mw-datatable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;table-layout:fixed;margin:auto;text-align:right&quot;

|- valign=bottom
! rowspan=3 style=width:17em|Countries and States
! rowspan=3 style=width:6em|Region
! rowspan=3 style=width:3em|Must be&lt;br&gt;married
! colspan=4|{{abbr|Limited by age|Younger partner is deemed able to consent to having sex with an older one as long as their age difference doesn't exceed a specified amount.}}
! colspan=4|{{abbr|Limited by relationship|Younger partner is deemed able to consent to having sex with an older one as long as the latter is not in a position of trust or authority, or is recognised to be abusing the inexperience of the younger one.}}
! colspan=4|{{abbr|Unlimited|Age from which one is deemed able to consent to having sex with anyone else or marriageable age if they must be married}}
! rowspan=3 style=width:10em|Sources
|-
! colspan=2|{{abbr|Hetero|Heterosexual}}
! colspan=2|{{abbr|Homo|Homosexual}}
! colspan=2|{{abbr|Hetero|Heterosexual}}
! colspan=2|{{abbr|Homo|Homosexual}}
! colspan=2|{{abbr|Hetero|Heterosexual}}
! colspan=2|{{abbr|Homo|Homosexual}}
|-
!data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:1em&quot;|{{abbr|M|Male}}
!data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:1em&quot;|{{abbr|F|Female}}
!data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:1em&quot;|{{abbr|M|Male}}
!data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:1em&quot;|{{abbr|F|Female}}
!data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:1em&quot;|{{abbr|M|Male}}
!data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:1em&quot;|{{abbr|F|Female}}
!data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:1em&quot;|{{abbr|M|Male}}
!data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:1em&quot;|{{abbr|F|Female}}
!data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:1em&quot;|{{abbr|M|Male}}
!data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:1em&quot;|{{abbr|F|Female}}
!data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:1em&quot;|{{abbr|M|Male}}
!data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;width:1em&quot;|{{abbr|F|Female}}
&lt;section end=table header/&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0px&quot; colspan=17|
{|class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;table-layout:inherit; width:81em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: right&quot;
|align=left style=&quot;width:18em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Australia|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Australia}}
|align=center style=&quot;width:7em;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center style=&quot;width:5em&quot;|No
|align=left colspan=13 style=&quot;width:37em&quot;|''Varies by state''
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Australian Capital Territory|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Australian Capital Territory}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|style=&quot;width:5em&quot; align=center|No
|10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Legislation AU|ACT|act|ca190082|Crimes Act 1900|55}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|New South Wales|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#New South Wales and Norfolk Island}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Legislation AU|NSW|act|ca190082|Crimes Act 1900|66C}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Legislation AU|NSW|act|ca190082|Crimes Act 1900|66D}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Queensland|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Queensland}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Legislation AU|Qld|act|cc189994|Criminal Code Act 1899|215}} Carnal knowledge with or of children under 16.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Victoria|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Victoria}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Legislation AU|Vic|act|swa1994129|Sex Work Act 1994|11}} &amp; s 11A.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Legislation AU|Vic|act|ca195882|Crimes Act 1958|45}}(1).&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|South Australia|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#South Australia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|ma196185|Marriage Act|12}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Legislation AU|Vic|act|ca195882|Crimes Act 1958|48}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Legislation AU|SA|act|clca1935262|Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935|49}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Northern Territory|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Northern Territory}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;Crim Code NT&quot;&gt;''Criminal Code Act 2014'' {{cite Legislation AU|NT|act|cca115/sch1.html|Schedule 1 Criminal Code}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Tasmania|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Tasmania}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;Tas Crim Code&quot;&gt;{{cite Legislation AU|Tas|act|cca1924115/sch1.html|Criminal Code Act 1924 Schedule 1}} s 124 Sexual intercourse with young person.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lawstuff.org.au/tas_law/topics/sex|title=Sex: When can I have sex? What are the ages of consent in Tasmania? Who cannot have sex with me?|website=lawstuff.org.au|publisher=National Children's and Youth Law Centre|accessdate=8 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Western Australia|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Western Australia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{cite Legislation AU|WA|act|ccaca1913252|Criminal Code Act Compilation 1913|320}} &amp; s 321.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0px&quot; colspan=17|
{|class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;table-layout:inherit; width:81em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: right&quot;
|align=left style=&quot;width:18em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Mexico|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Mexico}}
|align=center style=&quot;width:7em;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center style=&quot;width:5em&quot;|No
|align=left colspan=13 style=&quot;width:37em&quot;|''Varies by state''
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Aguascalientes|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|[http://www.poderjudicialags.gob.mx/Resources/Marco/Estatal/codigos/Codigo%20Penal%20para%20el%20Estado%20de%20Aguascalientes.pdf 120] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213115/http://www.poderjudicialags.gob.mx/Resources/Marco/Estatal/codigos/Codigo%20Penal%20para%20el%20Estado%20de%20Aguascalientes.pdf |date=2021-06-02 }} [http://www.poderjudicialags.gob.mx/Resources/Marco/Estatal/codigos/Codigo%20Penal%20para%20el%20Estado%20de%20Aguascalientes.pdf 118] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213115/http://www.poderjudicialags.gob.mx/Resources/Marco/Estatal/codigos/Codigo%20Penal%20para%20el%20Estado%20de%20Aguascalientes.pdf |date=2021-06-02 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Baja California|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Documentos/Estatal/Baja%20California/wo80296.pdf 177] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403053517/http://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Documentos/Estatal/Baja%20California/wo80296.pdf |date=2020-04-03 }} [http://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Documentos/Estatal/Baja%20California/wo80296.pdf 182] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403053517/http://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Documentos/Estatal/Baja%20California/wo80296.pdf |date=2020-04-03 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Baja California Sur|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://contraloria.bcs.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/C%C3%B3digo-Penal-para-el-Estado-de-Baja-California-Sur.pdf 286] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/http://contraloria.bcs.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/C%C3%B3digo-Penal-para-el-Estado-de-Baja-California-Sur.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }} [http://contraloria.bcs.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/C%C3%B3digo-Penal-para-el-Estado-de-Baja-California-Sur.pdf 290] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/http://contraloria.bcs.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/C%C3%B3digo-Penal-para-el-Estado-de-Baja-California-Sur.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Campeche|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://www.pgj.campeche.gob.mx/transparencia/comunes/i/Codigo_Penal_del_Estado_de_Campeche.pdf 162] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/http://www.pgj.campeche.gob.mx/transparencia/comunes/i/Codigo_Penal_del_Estado_de_Campeche.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }} [http://www.pgj.campeche.gob.mx/transparencia/comunes/i/Codigo_Penal_del_Estado_de_Campeche.pdf 164] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/http://www.pgj.campeche.gob.mx/transparencia/comunes/i/Codigo_Penal_del_Estado_de_Campeche.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Chiapas|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://www.poderjudicialchiapas.gob.mx/forms/archivos/45d9codigo-penal-para-el-estado-de-chiapas%281%29.pdf 235] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/http://www.poderjudicialchiapas.gob.mx/forms/archivos/45d9codigo-penal-para-el-estado-de-chiapas%281%29.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }} [http://www.poderjudicialchiapas.gob.mx/forms/archivos/45d9codigo-penal-para-el-estado-de-chiapas%281%29.pdf 239] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/http://www.poderjudicialchiapas.gob.mx/forms/archivos/45d9codigo-penal-para-el-estado-de-chiapas%281%29.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Chihuahua|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://www.congresochihuahua2.gob.mx/biblioteca/codigos/archivosCodigos/64.pdf 172] [http://www.congresochihuahua2.gob.mx/biblioteca/codigos/archivosCodigos/64.pdf 177]
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Coahuila|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|[http://congresocoahuila.gob.mx/transparencia/03/Leyes_Coahuila/coa08_Nuevo_Codigo.pdf 229] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630142142/http://congresocoahuila.gob.mx/transparencia/03/Leyes_Coahuila/coa08_Nuevo_Codigo.pdf |date=2020-06-30 }} [http://congresocoahuila.gob.mx/transparencia/03/Leyes_Coahuila/coa08_Nuevo_Codigo.pdf 235] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630142142/http://congresocoahuila.gob.mx/transparencia/03/Leyes_Coahuila/coa08_Nuevo_Codigo.pdf |date=2020-06-30 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Colima|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://congresocol.gob.mx/web/Sistema/uploads/LegislacionEstatal/Codigos/codigo_penal_11jun2016.pdf 146] [http://congresocol.gob.mx/web/Sistema/uploads/LegislacionEstatal/Codigos/codigo_penal_11jun2016.pdf 148]
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Mexican Federal District|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://www.aldf.gob.mx/archivo-d261f65641c3fc71b354aaf862b9953a.pdf 181 bis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/http://www.aldf.gob.mx/archivo-d261f65641c3fc71b354aaf862b9953a.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }} [http://www.aldf.gob.mx/archivo-d261f65641c3fc71b354aaf862b9953a.pdf 180] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/http://www.aldf.gob.mx/archivo-d261f65641c3fc71b354aaf862b9953a.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Durango|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://congresodurango.gob.mx/Archivos/legislacion/CODIGO%20PENAL%20(NUEVO).pdf 177] [http://congresodurango.gob.mx/Archivos/legislacion/CODIGO%20PENAL%20(NUEVO).pdf 181]
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Guanajuato|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|[https://portal.pgjguanajuato.gob.mx/PortalWebEstatal/Archivo/normateca/2.pdf 181] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203332/https://portal.pgjguanajuato.gob.mx/PortalWebEstatal/Archivo/normateca/2.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }} [https://portal.pgjguanajuato.gob.mx/PortalWebEstatal/Archivo/normateca/2.pdf 185] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203332/https://portal.pgjguanajuato.gob.mx/PortalWebEstatal/Archivo/normateca/2.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Guerrero|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://tsj-guerrero.gob.mx/transparencia/instituto_mejoramiento_judicial/2017/Abril/LeyesMarcoNormativo/6.-CODIGOSDELESTADODEGUERRERO/3.-CODIGOPENALPARAELESTADOLIBREY.pdf 179] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214164032/http://tsj-guerrero.gob.mx/transparencia/instituto_mejoramiento_judicial/2017/Abril/LeyesMarcoNormativo/6.-CODIGOSDELESTADODEGUERRERO/3.-CODIGOPENALPARAELESTADOLIBREY.pdf |date=2018-12-14 }} [http://tsj-guerrero.gob.mx/transparencia/instituto_mejoramiento_judicial/2017/Abril/LeyesMarcoNormativo/6.-CODIGOSDELESTADODEGUERRERO/3.-CODIGOPENALPARAELESTADOLIBREY.pdf 187] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214164032/http://tsj-guerrero.gob.mx/transparencia/instituto_mejoramiento_judicial/2017/Abril/LeyesMarcoNormativo/6.-CODIGOSDELESTADODEGUERRERO/3.-CODIGOPENALPARAELESTADOLIBREY.pdf |date=2018-12-14 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Hidalgo|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://www.congreso-hidalgo.gob.mx/biblioteca_legislativa/Leyes/09Codigo%20Penal%20para%20el%20Estado%20de%20Hidalgo.pdf 180] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110131413/http://www.congreso-hidalgo.gob.mx/biblioteca_legislativa/Leyes/09Codigo%20Penal%20para%20el%20Estado%20de%20Hidalgo.pdf |date=2020-01-10 }} [http://www.congreso-hidalgo.gob.mx/biblioteca_legislativa/Leyes/09Codigo%20Penal%20para%20el%20Estado%20de%20Hidalgo.pdf 185] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110131413/http://www.congreso-hidalgo.gob.mx/biblioteca_legislativa/Leyes/09Codigo%20Penal%20para%20el%20Estado%20de%20Hidalgo.pdf |date=2020-01-10 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Jalisco|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[https://www.jalisco.gob.mx/sites/default/files/C%25C3%25B3digo%2520Penal%2520para%2520el%2520Estado%2520Libre%2520y%2520Soberano%2520de%2520Jalisco%2520%252826OCTU12%2529.pdf 142-L, 142-M] [https://www.jalisco.gob.mx/sites/default/files/C%25C3%25B3digo%2520Penal%2520para%2520el%2520Estado%2520Libre%2520y%2520Soberano%2520de%2520Jalisco%2520%252826OCTU12%2529.pdf 142-L, 142-M]
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|México (state)|México|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Documentos/Estatal/Estado%20de%20Mexico/wo29386.pdf 273] [http://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Documentos/Estatal/Estado%20de%20Mexico/wo29386.pdf 271]
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Michoacán|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|[http://leyes.michoacan.gob.mx/destino/O10020fue.pdf 240] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203339/http://leyes.michoacan.gob.mx/destino/O10020fue.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }} [http://leyes.michoacan.gob.mx/destino/O10020fue.pdf 170] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203339/http://leyes.michoacan.gob.mx/destino/O10020fue.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Morelos|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://marcojuridico.morelos.gob.mx/archivos/codigos/pdf/CPENALEM.pdf 154] [http://marcojuridico.morelos.gob.mx/archivos/codigos/pdf/CPENALEM.pdf 159]
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Nayarit|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|13 || 12 || 13 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[https://transparencia.nayarit.gob.mx/resources/uploads/cofonay/pdfs/16.-%20Codigo%20Penal%20para%20el%20Estado%20de%20Nayarit.pdf 289] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/https://transparencia.nayarit.gob.mx/resources/uploads/cofonay/pdfs/16.-%20Codigo%20Penal%20para%20el%20Estado%20de%20Nayarit.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }} [https://transparencia.nayarit.gob.mx/resources/uploads/cofonay/pdfs/16.-%20Codigo%20Penal%20para%20el%20Estado%20de%20Nayarit.pdf 291] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/https://transparencia.nayarit.gob.mx/resources/uploads/cofonay/pdfs/16.-%20Codigo%20Penal%20para%20el%20Estado%20de%20Nayarit.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Nuevo León|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[https://www.pjenl.gob.mx/CJ/Transparencia/01MJ/CPENL.pdf 267] [https://www.pjenl.gob.mx/CJ/Transparencia/01MJ/CPENL.pdf 262]
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Oaxaca|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[https://sspo.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/C%C3%93DIGO-PENAL-PARA-EL-ESTADO-LIBRE-Y-SOBERANO-DE-OAXACA.pdf 247] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/https://sspo.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/C%C3%93DIGO-PENAL-PARA-EL-ESTADO-LIBRE-Y-SOBERANO-DE-OAXACA.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }} [https://sspo.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/C%C3%93DIGO-PENAL-PARA-EL-ESTADO-LIBRE-Y-SOBERANO-DE-OAXACA.pdf 243] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/https://sspo.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/C%C3%93DIGO-PENAL-PARA-EL-ESTADO-LIBRE-Y-SOBERANO-DE-OAXACA.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Puebla|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://www.auditoriapuebla.gob.mx/images/codigos/2017/06Codigo_Penal_puebla20sep16.pdf 272] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203329/http://www.auditoriapuebla.gob.mx/images/codigos/2017/06Codigo_Penal_puebla20sep16.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }} [http://www.auditoriapuebla.gob.mx/images/codigos/2017/06Codigo_Penal_puebla20sep16.pdf 264, 265] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203329/http://www.auditoriapuebla.gob.mx/images/codigos/2017/06Codigo_Penal_puebla20sep16.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Querétaro|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://legislaturaqueretaro.gob.mx/app/uploads/2016/01/COD004_59_18.pdf 161] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214212740/http://legislaturaqueretaro.gob.mx/app/uploads/2016/01/COD004_59_18.pdf |date=2019-02-14 }} [http://legislaturaqueretaro.gob.mx/app/uploads/2016/01/COD004_59_18.pdf 167] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214212740/http://legislaturaqueretaro.gob.mx/app/uploads/2016/01/COD004_59_18.pdf |date=2019-02-14 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Quintana Roo|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://documentos.congresoqroo.gob.mx/codigos/C6-XV-20171227-132.pdf 127] [http://documentos.congresoqroo.gob.mx/codigos/C6-XV-20171227-132.pdf 130]
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|San Luis Potosí|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|[http://www.pgjeslp.gob.mx/images/legislacion_slp/Codigo_Penal_del_Estado_de_San_Luis_Potosi_20_Feb_2018.pdf 173] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/http://www.pgjeslp.gob.mx/images/legislacion_slp/Codigo_Penal_del_Estado_de_San_Luis_Potosi_20_Feb_2018.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }} [http://www.pgjeslp.gob.mx/images/legislacion_slp/Codigo_Penal_del_Estado_de_San_Luis_Potosi_20_Feb_2018.pdf 179] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/http://www.pgjeslp.gob.mx/images/legislacion_slp/Codigo_Penal_del_Estado_de_San_Luis_Potosi_20_Feb_2018.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Sinaloa|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://www.congresosinaloa.gob.mx/images/congreso/leyes/zip/codigo_penal_28-dic-2016.pdf 180] [http://www.congresosinaloa.gob.mx/images/congreso/leyes/zip/codigo_penal_28-dic-2016.pdf 184]
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Sonora|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://www.stjsonora.gob.mx/acceso_informacion/marco_normativo/CodigoPenalSonora.pdf 219] [http://www.stjsonora.gob.mx/acceso_informacion/marco_normativo/CodigoPenalSonora.pdf 215]
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Tabasco|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17
|align=left|[https://tabasco.gob.mx/leyes/descargar/0/481 150] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615080846/https://tabasco.gob.mx/leyes/descargar/0/481 |date=2024-06-15 }} [https://tabasco.gob.mx/leyes/descargar/0/481 153] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615080846/https://tabasco.gob.mx/leyes/descargar/0/481 |date=2024-06-15 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Tamaulipas|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[https://www.tamaulipas.gob.mx/procuraduria/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2017/02/13-codigo-penal-para-el-estado-de-tamaulipas-211216.pdf 275] [https://www.tamaulipas.gob.mx/procuraduria/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2017/02/13-codigo-penal-para-el-estado-de-tamaulipas-211216.pdf 270]
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Tlaxcala|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://tsjtlaxcala.gob.mx/transparencia/Fracciones_a63/I/codigos/codigopenaltlaxcala.pdf 289] [http://tsjtlaxcala.gob.mx/transparencia/Fracciones_a63/I/codigos/codigopenaltlaxcala.pdf 291]
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Veracruz|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|[http://www.legisver.gob.mx/leyes/LeyesPDF/PENAL200217.pdf 190 Quater] [http://www.legisver.gob.mx/leyes/LeyesPDF/PENAL200217.pdf 189]
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Yucatán|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|[https://www.poderjudicialyucatan.gob.mx/digestum/marcoLegal/03/2012/DIGESTUM03002.pdf 315] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311183309/https://www.poderjudicialyucatan.gob.mx/digestum/marcoLegal/03/2012/DIGESTUM03002.pdf |date=2020-03-11 }} [https://www.poderjudicialyucatan.gob.mx/digestum/marcoLegal/03/2012/DIGESTUM03002.pdf 311] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311183309/https://www.poderjudicialyucatan.gob.mx/digestum/marcoLegal/03/2012/DIGESTUM03002.pdf |date=2020-03-11 }}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Zacatecas|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Local laws}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|[http://www.congresozac.gob.mx/f/todojuridico&amp;cual=103 237.1] [http://www.congresozac.gob.mx/f/todojuridico&amp;cual=103 237.4]
|}
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0px&quot; colspan=17|
{|class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;table-layout:inherit; width:81em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: right&quot;
|align=left style=&quot;width:18em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|United States|plink=Ages of consent in North America#United States}}
|align=center style=&quot;width:7em;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center style=&quot;width:5em&quot;|No
|align=left colspan=13 style=&quot;width:37em&quot;|''Varies by state''
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspw|District of Columbia|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#District of Columbia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dccode.org/simple/Title-22/Chapter-30/|title=Chapter 30. Sexual Abuse|accessdate=4 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Alabama|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Alabama}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/alison/codeofalabama/1975/coatoc.htm|title=Code Of Alabama|website=alisondb.legislature.state.al.us|access-date=2019-10-09|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2024-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123221654/http://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/alison/CodeOfAlabama/1975/Coatoc.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Alaska|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Alaska}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.touchngo.com/lglcntr/akstats/Statutes/Title11/Chapter41/Section436.htm|title=Sec. 11.41.436. Sexual abuse of a minor in the second degree. – The Alaska Legal Resource Center|website=www.touchngo.com|access-date=2019-10-09|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2024-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229135937/http://www.touchngo.com/lglcntr/akstats/Statutes/Title11/Chapter41/Section436.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.touchngo.com/lglcntr/akstats/Statutes/Title11/Chapter41/Section438.htm|title=Sec. 11.41.438. Sexual abuse of a minor in the third degree. – The Alaska Legal Resource Center|website=www.touchngo.com|access-date=2019-10-09|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2024-11-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130185206/http://www.touchngo.com/lglcntr/akstats/Statutes/Title11/Chapter41/Section438.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Arizona|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Arizona}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=https://www.azleg.gov/ars/13/01405.htm|title=13-1405. Sexual conduct with a minor; classification|website=www.azleg.gov|access-date=2019-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=https://www.azleg.gov/ars/13/01407.htm|title=13-1407. Defenses|website=www.azleg.gov|access-date=2019-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=https://www.azleg.gov/ars/13/01401.htm|title=13-1401. Definitions; factors|website=www.azleg.gov|access-date=2019-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Arkansas|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Arkansas}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/2010/title-5/subtitle-2/chapter-14/subchapter-1/5-14-103/|title=2010 Arkansas Code : : Title 5 - Criminal Offenses : : Subtitle 2 - Offenses Against The Person : : Chapter 14 - Sexual Offenses : : Subchapter 1 - General Provisions : : § 5-14-103 - Rape.|website=Justia Law|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|California|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#California}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&amp;sectionNum=261.5.|title=CHAPTER 1. Rape, Abduction, Carnal Abuse of Children, and Seduction [261 - 269]|website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov|access-date=2019-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&amp;sectionNum=286.|title=CHAPTER 5. Bigamy, Incest, and the Crime Against Nature [286]|website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov|access-date=2019-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&amp;sectionNum=288.|title=CHAPTER 5. Bigamy, Incest, and the Crime Against Nature [288]|website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov|access-date=2019-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Colorado|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Colorado}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17
|
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Connecticut|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Connecticut}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/2005/title46b/sec46b-120.html|title=2005 Connecticut Code - Sec. 46b-120. (Formerly Sec. 51-301). Definitions.|website=Justia Law|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/2005/title46b/sec46b-127.html|title=2005 Connecticut Code - Sec. 46b-127. (Formerly Sec. 51-308). Transfer of child charged with a felony to the regular criminal docket.|website=Justia Law|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/2005/title46b/sec46b-133d.html|title=2005 Connecticut Code - Sec. 46b-133d. Serious sexual offender prosecution. Sentencing.|website=Justia Law|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/2005/title53a/sec53a-70.html|title=2005 Connecticut Code - Sec. 53a-70. Sexual assault in the first degree: Class B or A felony.|website=Justia Law|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/2005/title53a/sec53a-71.html|title=2005 Connecticut Code - Sec. 53a-71. Sexual assault in the second degree: Class C or B felony.|website=Justia Law|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Delaware|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Delaware}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://delcode.delaware.gov/title11/c005/sc02/index.shtml|title=TITLE 11 - CHAPTER 5. Specific Offenses - Subchapter II. Offenses Against the Person|website=delcode.delaware.gov|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Florida|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Florida}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;HHSpage&quot;&gt;&quot;[http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/08/sr/statelaws/statelaws.shtml Statutory Rape: A Guide to State Laws and Reporting Requirements] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703174841/http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/08/sr/statelaws/statelaws.shtml |date=2015-07-03 }}.&quot; [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]]. Retrieved on November 4, 2014. &quot;Florida[ ... ]A child under 16 years of age cannot consent to sexual activity, regardless of the age of the defendant.[189] A child who is at least 16 years of age and less than 18 years of age cannot consent to sexual activity if the defendant is 24 years of age or older.&quot; and &quot;Pennsylvania[ ... ]Sexual intercourse with someone less than 13 years of age is illegal regardless of the age of the defendant.[641] Sexual intercourse with someone at least 13 years of age and less than 16 years of age is illegal unless the defendant is less than four years older than the victim or is the victim's spouse.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.flsenate.gov/statutes/index.cfm?mode=View%20Statutes&amp;SubMenu=1&amp;App_mode=Display_Statute&amp;Search_String=794.05&amp;URL=0700-0799/0794/Sections/0794.05.html|title=Flsenate Archive: Statutes &amp; Constitution &gt; View Statutes|website=archive.flsenate.gov|access-date=2019-10-10|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2019-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826213720/http://archive.flsenate.gov/statutes/index.cfm?mode=View%20Statutes&amp;SubMenu=1&amp;App_mode=Display_Statute&amp;Search_String=794.05&amp;URL=0700-0799/0794/Sections/0794.05.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&amp;Search_String=&amp;URL=0900-0999/0943/Sections/0943.04354.html Fla. Stat. 943.04354].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Georgia (U.S. state)|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Georgia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/2010/title-16/chapter-6/16-6-3/|title=§&amp;nbsp;16-6-3 – Statutory rape: : 2010 Georgia Code|last=|first=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=18 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/2010/title-16/chapter-6/16-6-2/|title=§&amp;nbsp;16-6-2 – Sodomy; aggravated sodomy; medical expenses: : 2010 Georgia Code|last=|first=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=18 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Hawaii|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Hawaii}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol14_Ch0701-0853/HRS0707/HRS_0707-0730.htm|title=House Bill|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://ag.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/rpt_age_of_consent_tf.pdf REPORT OF THE AGE OF CONSENT TASK FORCE]&quot; (). State of Hawaii Department of the Attorney General. Retrieved on November 4, 2014. p. i (PDF p. 6/79). Submitted to The Twenty-Second State Legislature Regular Session of 2003 Pursuant to Act 1, Second Special Session, SLH 2001.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Idaho|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Idaho}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://legislature.idaho.gov/idstat/Title18/T18CH61SECT18-6101.htm|title=Idaho Statutes – 18-6101|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730160147/http://legislature.idaho.gov/idstat/Title18/T18CH61SECT18-6101.htm|archivedate=30 July 2010|accessdate=28 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://legislature.idaho.gov/idstat/Title18/T18CH15SECT18-1508.htm|title=Idaho Statutes – 18-1508|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731053852/http://legislature.idaho.gov/idstat/Title18/T18CH15SECT18-1508.htm|archivedate=31 July 2010|accessdate=28 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://legislature.idaho.gov/idstat/Title18/T18CH15SECT18-1508A.htm|title=Idaho Statutes – 18-1508A|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731053904/http://legislature.idaho.gov/idstat/Title18/T18CH15SECT18-1508A.htm|archivedate=31 July 2010|accessdate=28 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://legislature.idaho.gov/idstat/Title18/T18CH15SECT18-1506.htm|title=Idaho Statutes – 18-1506|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731053825/http://legislature.idaho.gov/idstat/Title18/T18CH15SECT18-1506.htm|archivedate=31 July 2010|accessdate=28 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Illinois|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Illinois}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{ILCS|720|5|11-1.20|title=Criminal Sexual Assault}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{ILCS|720|5|11-1.50|title=Criminal sexual abuse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{ILCS|720|5|11-1.30|title=Aggravated Criminal Sexual Assault}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{ILCS|720|5|11-1.40|title=Predatory criminal sexual assault of a child}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{ILCS|720|5|11-1.60|title=Aggravated criminal sexual abuse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{ILCS|750|5|203}} and {{ILCS|750|5|208}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Indiana|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Indiana}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iga.in.gov/legislative/laws/2014/ic/titles/035/|title=Indiana Code 35-42-4|last=|first=|date=|publisher=|page=438|accessdate=9 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Indiana Code 35-42-4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/2010/title35/ar42/ch4.html|title=Indiana Code 35-42-4|date=|publisher=In.gov|accessdate=10 August 2012|archivedate=29 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329201144/http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/2010/title35/ar42/ch4.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Iowa|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Iowa}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Kansas|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Kansas}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2013_14/statute/021_000_0000_chapter/021_055_0000_article/|title=Kansas Statutes 21-5503, 21-5504, 21-5506 and 21-5507|year=2012|accessdate=September 10, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Kentucky|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Kentucky}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://kentuckytoday.com/stories/age-of-consent-change-considered-for-some-circumstances,11289|title=Age of consent change considered for some circumstances|last=Latek|first=Tom|date=January 19, 2018|accessdate=2018-12-06|periodical=Kentucky Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Louisiana|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Louisiana}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://law.justia.com/codes/louisiana/2012/rs/title14/rs14-80|title=2012 Louisiana Laws, Revised Statutes, TITLE 14 — Criminal law, RS 14: 80 — Felony carnal knowledge of a juvenile|date=|publisher=Law.justia.com|accessdate=11 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Maine|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Maine}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Maryland|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Maryland}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;so3&quot;&gt;[http://law.justia.com/codes/maryland/2010/criminal-law/title-3/subtitle-3/3-307/ Sexual offense in the third degree]. Maryland Code, Criminal Law §&amp;nbsp;3-307.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;so2&quot;&gt;[http://law.justia.com/codes/maryland/2010/criminal-law/title-3/subtitle-3/3-306/ Sexual offense in the second degree]. Maryland Code, Criminal Law §&amp;nbsp;3-306.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rape2&quot;&gt;[http://law.justia.com/codes/maryland/2010/criminal-law/title-3/subtitle-3/3-304/ Rape in the second degree]. Maryland Code, Criminal Law §&amp;nbsp;3-304.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://law.justia.com/codes/maryland/2010/criminal-law/title-3/subtitle-3/3-324/ Sexual solicitation of minor]. Maryland Code, Criminal Law §&amp;nbsp;3-324.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Massachusetts|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Massachusetts}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIV/TitleI/Chapter272/Section35A|title=General Laws|work=malegislature.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Michigan|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Michigan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(lr1oeuc5b02dxe0a3cj3xzxl))/mileg.aspx?page=GetObject&amp;objectname=mcl-750-520d|title=Michigan Legislature - Section 750.520d|website=www.legislature.mi.gov|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gordonc&quot;&gt;Gordon, Claire. &quot;[http://jobs.aol.com/articles/2012/03/27/lawmakers-move-to-bar-teachers-from-having-sex-with-students/ Lawmakers Move To Bar Teachers From Having Sex With Students]&quot;. ''[[AOL News]]''. March 27, 2013. Retrieved on August 8, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Murray, Dave. &quot;[http://www.mlive.com/education/index.ssf/2012/03/teachers_prohibited_from_havin.html Teachers prohibited from having sex with students of any age under bill approved by Michigan Senate]&quot;. ''[[MLive]]''. March 20, 2012. Retrieved on August 8, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Minnesota|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Minnesota}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/609.341|title=Sec. 609.341 MN Statutes|website=www.revisor.mn.gov|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/609.342|title=Sec. 609.342 MN Statutes|website=www.revisor.mn.gov|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/609.343|title=Sec. 609.343 MN Statutes|website=www.revisor.mn.gov|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/609.344|title=Sec. 609.344 MN Statutes|website=www.revisor.mn.gov|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/609.345|title=Sec. 609.345 MN Statutes|website=www.revisor.mn.gov|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/609.3451|title=Sec. 609.3451 MN Statutes|website=www.revisor.mn.gov|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Mississippi|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Mississippi}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://michie.lexisnexis.com/mississippi/lpext.dll?f=templates&amp;fn=main-h.htm&amp;cp=|title=§&amp;nbsp;97-3-65. Statutory rape; enhanced penalty for forcible sexual intercourse or statutory rape by administering certain substances.|publisher=LexisNexis.com|accessdate=18 February 2008|archivedate=19 May 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080519155603/http://michie.lexisnexis.com/mississippi/lpext.dll?f=templates&amp;fn=main-h.htm&amp;cp=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Missouri|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Missouri}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17
|
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Montana|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Montana}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.age-of-consent.info/states/Montana|title=What is the Montana Legal Age of Consent for 2012?|author=|date=|publisher=Age-of-consent.info|accessdate=10 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425202410/http://www.age-of-consent.info/states/Montana|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=dead|archivedate=25 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425202410/http://www.age-of-consent.info/states/Montana}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Nebraska|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Nebraska}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=28-319.01|title=Nebraska Legislature|work=nebraskalegislature.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NewHHS&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://aspe.hhs.gov/report/statutory-rape-guide-state-laws-and-reporting-requirements-summary-current-state-laws Statutory Rape: A Guide to State Laws and Reporting Requirements. Summary of Current State Laws.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623201900/https://aspe.hhs.gov/report/statutory-rape-guide-state-laws-and-reporting-requirements-summary-current-state-laws |date=2016-06-23 }}&quot;. [[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]], December 15, 2014. Retrieved on May 15, 2016. &quot;A common misperception about statutory rape is that state codes define a single age at which an individual can legally consent to sex. Only 12 states have a single age of consent, below which an individual cannot consent to sexual intercourse under any circumstances, and above which it is legal to engage in sexual intercourse with another person above the age of consent. For example, in Massachusetts, the age of consent is 16. In the remaining 39 states, other factors come into play: age differentials, minimum age of the victim, and minimum age of the defendant. Each is described below.&quot; - The mathematics does not add up in this section as there are 50 states, unless DC is counted as #51.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=28-805 Chapter 28 Section 805]&quot;. Nebraska Legislature. Retrieved on May 15, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Nevada|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Nevada}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|New Hampshire|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#New Hampshire}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/LXII/632-A/632-A-3.htm|title=Section 632-A: 3 Felonious Sexual Assault.|website=www.gencourt.state.nh.us|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/LXII/632-A/632-A-2.htm|title=Section 632-A: 2 Aggravated Felonious Sexual Assault.|website=www.gencourt.state.nh.us|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/LXII/632-A/632-A-4.htm|title=Section 632-A: 4 Sexual Assault.|website=www.gencourt.state.nh.us|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|New Jersey|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#New Jersey}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|{{Cite NJSA|title=2C|chapter=14|section=2|subsection=b}}
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|New Mexico|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#New Mexico}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://law.justia.com/codes/new-mexico/2006/nmrc/jd_30-9-11-c28b.html|title=2006 New Mexico Statutes - Section 30-9-11 — Criminal sexual penetration.|website=Justia Law|language=en|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://law.justia.com/newmexico/codes/nmrc/jd_30-9-11-c28b.html|title=2006 New Mexico Statutes – Section 30-9-11 — Criminal sexual penetration.|date=|publisher=Law.justia.com|accessdate=11 August 2016|archivedate=4 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104073951/http://law.justia.com/newmexico/codes/nmrc/jd_30-9-11-c28b.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|New York|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#New York}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ny/penal-law/|title=New York Consolidated Laws, Penal Law - PEN|website=Findlaw|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|North Carolina|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#North Carolina}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncleg.gov/Laws/GeneralStatutesTOC?Chapter=0014|title=General Statute Chapters - North Carolina General Assembly|website=www.ncleg.gov|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|North Dakota|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#North Dakota}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Ohio|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Ohio}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://oaesv.org/Uploads/Documents/Ohio-Age-of-Consent-Fact-Sheet.pdf OHIO AGE OF CONSENT/STATUTORY RAPE FACT SHEET]{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&quot;. Ohio Alliance to End Sexual Violence. Retrieved on August 29, 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/2907.04|title=Lawriter - ORC - 2907.04 Unlawful sexual conduct with minor.|website=codes.ohio.gov|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/2907.03|title=Lawriter - ORC - 2907.03 Sexual battery.|website=codes.ohio.gov|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Oklahoma|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Oklahoma}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/os/os%5F21%2D1111.rtf|title=Oklahoma Statutes §&amp;nbsp;21-1111. Rape defined|date=|accessdate=10 August 2012|archivedate=26 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126120114/http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/os/os_21-1111.rtf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.oklahomalegalgroup.com/ageofconsent|title=Age of Consent in Oklahoma – Oklahoma Legal Group|work=oklahomalegalgroup.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/os/os%5F21%2D1111.rtf|title=Oklahoma Statutes §&amp;nbsp;21-1112. Age limitation on conviction for rape|date=|accessdate=10 August 2012|archivedate=26 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126120114/http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/os/os%5F21%2D1111.rtf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kuruvilla, Carol. &quot;[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/english-teacher-avoids-jail-cops-nab-hotel-student-article-1.1739058 English teacher avoids jail after cops nab her in hotel room with 17-year-old student]&quot; (). ''[[New York Daily News]]''. Sunday March 29, 2014. Retrieved on October 5, 2014. &quot;The age of consent in Oklahoma is 16. But because Queen was the teenager's teacher, different rules apply. According to state laws, a sexual act is considered rape if the victim is a student between 16 and 18 years of age and the suspect is an employee of the student's school system.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Oregon|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Oregon}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Pennsylvania|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Pennsylvania}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;Boyerclearcut&quot;&gt;Boyer, Barbara. &quot;[http://articles.philly.com/2005-04-09/news/25427039_1_sexual-assault-marc-neff-defense-lawyers-question Chester sex case points up questions A high school administrator has been charged with two misdemeanors. Experts say the issues are not clear-cut.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126120114/http://articles.philly.com/2005-04-09/news/25427039_1_sexual-assault-marc-neff-defense-lawyers-question |date=2016-01-26 }}&quot; (). ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]''. April 9, 2005. Retrieved on August 4, 2015. &quot;Wilson's arrest highlights confusing questions about sexual relations between youths who are of the age of legal consent at 16 and adults. Sex with a minor younger than 16 is considered statutory rape.&quot; and &quot;In Pennsylvania, prosecutors turn to broader laws, such as corrupting the morals of a minor, that are not as clearly defined.&quot; and &quot;JoAnne Epps, dean of academic affairs at Temple University's Beasley School of Law, said that even though a teenager can legally consent to sex[ ... ]&quot;[ ... ]but that's irrelevant in determining whether a person is guilty of corrupting the morals of a minor.&quot;&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Smerconishabuse&quot;&gt;Smerconish, Michael. &quot;[http://articles.philly.com/2011-08-05/news/29854754_1_sexual-exploitation-crimes-victims The Pulse: Coming forward on abuse helps the community] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018022718/http://articles.philly.com/2011-08-05/news/29854754_1_sexual-exploitation-crimes-victims |date=2015-10-18 }}&quot; (). ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]''. August 5, 2011. &quot;There are no statutory-rape charges pending as the age of consent in the commonwealth is 16.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Anastasia, George. &quot;[http://articles.philly.com/2002-06-18/news/25348434_1_tape-raid-preliminary-hearing D.A. to fight ruling on Rinick sex tape A judge said reporters were entitled to view it. Prosecutors said four women's privacy rights must be protected.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913032248/http://articles.philly.com/2002-06-18/news/25348434_1_tape-raid-preliminary-hearing |date=2015-09-13 }}&quot; (). ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]''. August 5, 2011. Retrieved on August 6, 2015. &quot;Rinick's lawyer in that case, Nino Tinari, said yesterday that the charges were downgraded to corrupting the morals of minors after Rinick produced videotapes that indicated the girls took part in consensual sex. (The age of consent in Pennsylvania for sex is 16.)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Finley, Ben. &quot;[http://articles.philly.com/2014-06-20/news/50714068_1_maximum-sentence-james-civello-six-to-12-years Corbett signs law targeting predatory youth coaches] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915020340/http://articles.philly.com/2014-06-20/news/50714068_1_maximum-sentence-james-civello-six-to-12-years |date=2015-09-15 }}&quot; (). ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]''. June 20, 2014. Retrieved on September 15, 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://articles.philly.com/2011-01-05/news/27010908_1_student-teacher-school-issued|title=Lower Merion High teacher suspended in student-romance allegation|last=Martin|first=John P.|date=January 5, 2011|work=[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919090301/http://articles.philly.com/2011-01-05/news/27010908_1_student-teacher-school-issued|archive-date=September 19, 2015|accessdate=June 24, 2018|quote=Pennsylvania law sets the age of consent for sex at 16, although prosecutors in some counties have brought child endangerment and corruption-of-minors charges against teachers who have had relationships with 16- and 17-year-old students.|archivedate=March 4, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093259/http://articles.philly.com/2011-01-05/news/27010908_1_student-teacher-school-issued}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Rhode Island|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Rhode Island}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://statelaws.findlaw.com/rhode-island-law/rhode-island-rape-and-sexual-assault-laws.html|title=Rhode Island Rape and Sexual Assault Laws – FindLaw.com|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/statutes/TITLE11/11-37/11-37-6.HTM|title=11-37-6|date=|publisher=Rilin.state.ri.us|accessdate=10 August 2012|archivedate=5 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905071652/http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/statutes/TITLE11/11-37/11-37-6.HTM}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/statutes/title11/11-37/11-37-8.1.htm|title=11-37-8.1|date=|publisher=Rilin.state.ri.us|accessdate=10 August 2012|archivedate=31 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110731195849/http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/Statutes/TITLE11/11-37/11-37-8.1.HTM}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|South Carolina|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#South Carolina}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|South Dakota|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#South Dakota}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Tennessee|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Tennessee}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/tncode/|title=LexisNexis® Custom Solution: Tennessee Code Research Tool|work=lexisnexis.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Texas|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Texas}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.versustexas.com/criminal/age-of-consent-in-texas/|title=Age of Consent in Texas|publisher=Varghese Summersett PLLC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Appellant's Brief, Texas Department of Public Safety v. Garcia, 2010 WL 1366961, at 8 (Tex. Ct. App. filed Feb. 1, 2010)&quot;. &quot;Under Texas law, a person commits the offense of Sexual Performance by a Child [...] Like the *8 Oregon statute, this Texas statute identifies the age of consent as 18.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190414232357/https://www.leagle.com/decision/intxco20150813435 Ex parte Fujisaka, 472 S.W.3d 792, 800, 801 (Tex. Ct. App. 2015)]. &quot;Appellant contends that because it is legal for an adult to have consensual sexual relations with a seventeen-year-old child without violating the Texas Penal Code,[...]&quot; and &quot;Because seventeen years is the age of consent to sexual relations in Texas,[...]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/texas-statutory-rape-laws.htm#|title=Texas Statutory Rape Laws &amp; Criminal Penalties – Criminal Law|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Utah|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Utah}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;utah&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter5/76-5-S401.2.html|title=Utah State Legislature|work=utah.gov|quote=&quot;76-5-401.2 Unlawful sexual conduct with a 16- or 17-year-old&quot;|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2025-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116065052/https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter5/76-5-S401.2.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Vermont|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Vermont}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.leg.state.vt.us/statutes/fullsection.cfm?Title=13&amp;Chapter=072&amp;Section=03252|title=The Vermont Statutes Online|date=26 May 2006|publisher=Leg.state.vt.us|accessdate=16 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Virginia|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Virginia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;ageoldculturaldivide2&quot;&gt;Schulte, Brigide. &quot;An Age-Old Cultural Divide&quot;. ''[[Washington Post]]''. Sunday March 20, 2005. Page LZ21. Online p. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A41011-2005Mar16.html 1](). &quot;In Virginia, the age of consent is 18.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ageoldculturaldivide2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SheppardVirginia&quot;&gt;Sheppard, Kate. &quot;[https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2013/04/more-cuccinellis-defense-virginias-anti-sodomy-law More on Cuccinelli's Defense of Virginia's Anti-Sodomy Law]&quot; (). ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]''. Thursday April 4, 2013. Retrieved on September 17, 2015. &quot;While that might be seen as creepy, in Virginia, the age of consent is 15 years old.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lawsonsexabuse&quot;&gt;Chandler, Michael Alison. &quot;[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/24/AR2010072400242.html Laws on child sex abuse in schools]&quot;. ''[[Washington Post]]''. July 24, 2010. Retrieved on September 17, 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Washington|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Washington}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 21 || 21 || 21 || 21
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9A.44.096|title=RCW 9A.44.096: Sexual misconduct with a minor in the second degree.|website=apps.leg.wa.gov|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Clark-Flory&quot;&gt;Clark-Flory, Tracy. &quot;[http://www.salon.com/2010/11/20/student_teacher/ Student-teacher sex: When is it OK?]&quot;. ''[[Salon (magazine)|Salon]]''. November 20, 2010. Retrieved on December 25, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9A.44.010|title=RCW 9A.44.010: Definitions.|website=apps.leg.wa.gov|access-date=2019-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|West Virginia|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#West Virginia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.state.wv.us/wvcode/Code.cfm?chap=61&amp;art=8B|title=West Virginia Code|author=|date=|publisher=Legis.state.wv.us|accessdate=10 August 2012|archivedate=14 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914083314/http://www.legis.state.wv.us/WVCODE/Code.cfm?chap=61&amp;art=8B}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Wisconsin|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Wisconsin}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/944/III/_1|title=Wisconsin Legislature: Subch. III of ch. 944 Title|date=|publisher=Docs.legis.wisconsin.gov|accessdate=10 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/948/02|title=Wisconsin Legislature: 948.02|date=1 August 2012|publisher=Docs.legis.wisconsin.gov|accessdate=10 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/948/02|title=Wisconsin Legislature: 948.02|date=1 August 2012|publisher=Docs.legis.wisconsin.gov|accessdate=10 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Wyoming|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Wyoming}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17
|
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Northern Mariana Islands|plink=Ages of consent in the United States#Northern Mariana Islands}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|Puerto Rico|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Puerto Rico}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;: 1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|U.S. Virgin Islands|plink=Ages of consent in North America#United States Virgin Islands}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/michie/|title=LexisNexis® Legal Resources|website=www.lexisnexis.com|access-date=2019-10-10|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2012-05-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519094528/http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/michie/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left style=&quot;width:16em; padding-left: 2em&quot;|{{flagg|pspew|American Samoa|plink=Ages of consent in North America#American Samoa}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|style=&quot;width:5em; text-align: center&quot;|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.asbar.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;id=750&amp;Itemid=172|title=Chapter 36 - Sexual Offenses|publisher=American Samoa Bar Association|access-date=2019-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428120329/http://asbar.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;id=750&amp;Itemid=172|archive-date=2016-04-28|url-status=dead|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2016-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428120329/http://asbar.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;id=750&amp;Itemid=172}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|China|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#China}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;Zhang, Laney (Foreign Law Specialist). &quot;[http://loc.gov/law/help/child-rights/china.php Children's Rights: China]&quot; ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150416042905/http://www.loc.gov/law/help/child-rights/china.php Archive]). [[Library of Congress]]. August 2007. Last updated March 16, 2015. Retrieved on April 25, 2015. &quot;Having sexual intercourse with a girl under fourteen years of age is statutory rape, with a sentence of heavier punishment within the range of punishments for rape.&quot; and &quot;Having sex with girls under the age of fourteen who are acting as prostitutes may result in a fixed-term imprisonment of five years and fine.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-08/29/c_134568431.htm|title=New law repeals crime of sex with underage prostitutes - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|last1=Shaohui|first1=Tian|date=29 August 2015|work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|accessdate=17 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.spp.gov.cn/zdgz/201310/t20131025_63797.shtml|title=四部门关于依法惩治性侵害未成年人犯罪的意见 {{!}}|last1=最高人民法院 最高人民检察院 公安部 司法部|date=25 October 2013|work=[[中华人民共和国最高人民检察院]]|accessdate=25 October 2013|archivedate=4 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904103603/http://www.spp.gov.cn/zdgz/201310/t20131025_63797.shtml}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Japan|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Japan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;japanesepenalcode&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/hourei/data/PC.pdf|title=Penal Code of Japan (Japanese-English)|date=|publisher=[[Ministry of Justice (Japan)|Japanese Ministry of Justice]]|accessdate=2014-07-15|quote=Article 176. (Forcible Indecency) - 'A person who, through assault or intimidation, forcibly commits an indecent act upon a male or female of not less than thirteen years of age shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not less than 6 months but not more than 10 years. The same shall apply to a person who commits an indecent act upon a male or female under thirteen years of age.' Article 177 (Rape) - 'A person who, through assault or intimidation, forcibly commits sexual intercourse with a female of not less than thirteen years of age commits the crime of rape and shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a definite term of not less than 3 years. The same shall apply to a person who commits sexual intercourse with a female under thirteen years of age.'}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22HO164.html#1000000000002000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000|title=児童福祉法　第八節　雑則　第三十四条|trans-title=Child Welfare Law (Act No. 164, December 12, 1947)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221064534/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22HO164.html#1000000000002000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 December 2016|accessdate=28 May 2020|archivedate=21 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221064534/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22HO164.html#1000000000002000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://legal.3yen.com/2005-07-27/is-the-age-of-consent-in-japan-really-13/|title=Japan Legal FAQ – Is the age of consent in Japan really 13?|date=2005-07-27|publisher=Legal.3yen.com|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051025213840/http://legal.3yen.com/2005-07-27/is-the-age-of-consent-in-japan-really-13/|archivedate=25 October 2005|accessdate=2014-06-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www8.cao.go.jp/youth/kenkyu/jourei/pdf_index.html|date=2008-12-01|publisher=[[Cabinet Office (Japan)]]|language=Japanese|script-title=ja: 都道府県青少年保護育成条例集 (平成20年12月1日現在)|trans-title=State Seishonen hogo ikusei jorei Collection (December 1, 2008)|accessdate=2014-07-15|title=Archive copy|archivedate=2020-11-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104030254/https://www8.cao.go.jp/youth/kenkyu/jourei/pdf_index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Germany|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Germany}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_stgb/englisch_stgb.html#StGB_000P182|title=German Criminal Code|date=|publisher=Gesetze-im-internet.de|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dejure.org/gesetze/StGB/176.html|title=§ 176 StGB Sexueller Mißbrauch von Kindern - dejure.org|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/201/signatures Signatory] to the [[Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse]], which criminalises &quot;engaging in sexual activities with a child where… abuse is made of a recognised position of trust, authority or influence over the child&quot; (Ch Vi, Art 18), where &quot;child&quot; is defined as &quot;any person under the age of 18 years&quot; (Ch I, Art 3).[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/rms/0900001680084822]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|United Kingdom|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#United Kingdom and Crown dependencies}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/advice/factfile_az/age_of_consent|title=Age of Consent according to BBC|date=|publisher=www.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=21 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2003/ukpga_20030042_en_2#pt1-pb5-l1g9|title=Sexual Offences Act 2003 s. 9|date=|publisher=Opsi.gov.uk|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|France|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#France}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;frenchpenal22725&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCodeArticle.do;jsessionid=B2410A60B956150F3AA2051DEC9E931D.tpdila22v_1?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006418101&amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070719&amp;dateTexte=20160306|title=French Penal Code, Article 227-25|date=|publisher=legifrance.gouv.fr|accessdate=5 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|India|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#India}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;2013 rape law&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-anti-rape-law-comes-into-force/articleshow/19359543.cms?referral=PM|title=New anti-rape law comes into force|date=3 April 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=23 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;confusion&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/age-of-consent-sex-parliament-debate/1/259007.html|title=Age of Confusion|date=1 April 2013|newspaper=[[India Today]]|accessdate=23 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;govt relents&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/govt-relents-keeps-age-of-consent-for-sex-at-18_836107.html|title=Govt relents, keeps age of consent for sex at 18|date=19 March 2013|newspaper=[[Zee News]]|accessdate=23 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/132013.pdf|title=The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219085123/http://indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/132013.pdf|archivedate=19 December 2016|accessdate=2013-12-25|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Italy|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Italy}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.diritto.it/codici/titolo/75-codice-penale-dei-delitti-contro-la-persona|title=Codice penale : : DEI DELITTI CONTRO LA PERSONA : : Diritto &amp; Diritti|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Brazil|plink=Ages of consent in South America#Brazil}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:YellowGreen&quot;|[[Ages of consent in South America|South America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;Estadão&quot;&gt;[http://estadao.br.msn.com/ultimas-noticias/artigo.aspx?cp-documentid=26333837 Brazilian justice system frees man, 18, arrested for publicly kissing young teenager, 13 — 'Últimas Notícias' (Last News) - MSN Estadão] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426000846/http://estadao.br.msn.com/ultimas-noticias/artigo.aspx?cp-documentid=26333837 |date=2012-04-26 }}. Online version of [[Estadão]] newspaper. {{in lang|pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|pt}} [http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Decreto-Lei/Del2848compilado.htm Brazilian Penal Code - official text] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313000246/http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto-lei/Del2848compilado.htm|date=2016-03-13}} (see Article 217-A)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Canada|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Canada}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2008/05/01/crime-bill.html|title=Canada's age of consent raised by 2 years|date=1 May 2008|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502083604/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2008/05/01/crime-bill.html|archivedate=2 May 2008|publisher=CBC News|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sacc.to/sya/crime/law.htm|title=Sexual Assault Care Centre: Since You Asked: The Law - SACC provides emergency nurse, medical care, information thoughts feelings collect physical evidence help legal|author=SACC Website Team|date=|publisher=Sacc.to|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414194126/http://www.sacc.to/sya/crime/law.htm|archivedate=14 April 2011|accessdate=16 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|South Korea|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#South Korea}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=40950&amp;lang=ENG|title=Statutes of the Republic of Korea|website=elaw.klri.re.kr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=28627&amp;lang=ENG|title=Statutes of the Republic of Korea|website=elaw.klri.re.kr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Russia|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Russia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
| 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.consultant.ru/popular/ukrf/|title=&quot;Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации&quot; от 13.06.1996 N 63-ФЗ (ред. от 06.07.2016) / КонсультантПлюс|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.consultant.ru/popular/ukrf/10_26.html|title=ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ ПРОТИВ ПОЛОВОЙ НЕПРИКОСНОВЕННОСТИ И ПОЛОВОЙ СВОБОДЫ ЛИЧНОСТИ - Уголовный кодекс РФ (УК РФ) от 13.06.1996 N 63-ФЗ \ Консультант Плюс|date=|publisher=Consultant.ru|accessdate=2014-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Spain|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Spain}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2015/03/31/pdfs/BOE-A-2015-3439.pdf|title=JEFATURA DEL ESTADO|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730054950/http://boe.es/boe/dias/2015/03/31/pdfs/BOE-A-2015-3439.pdf|archivedate=30 July 2016|accessdate=2015-08-25|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;radiointereconomia.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://radiointereconomia.com/2015/07/01/las-20-claves-del-nuevo-codigo-penal/|title=Las 20 claves del nuevo Código Penal|date=1 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025235807/http://radiointereconomia.com/2015/07/01/las-20-claves-del-nuevo-codigo-penal/|archive-date=25 October 2016|access-date=25 October 2016|df=dmy-all|accessdate=28 May 2020|archivedate=25 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025235807/http://radiointereconomia.com/2015/07/01/las-20-claves-del-nuevo-codigo-penal/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Indonesia|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Indonesia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana|last=Kejaksaan Negeri|publisher=Kejaksaan Negeri|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Netherlands|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Netherlands}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://wetten.overheid.nl/cgi-bin/deeplink/law1/title=WETBOEK%20VAN%20STRAFRECHT/article=245/|title=wetten.nl - Wet- en regelgeving - Wetboek van Strafrecht - BWBR0001854|date=|publisher=Wetten.overheid.nl|language=nl|accessdate=2014-05-17}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://wetten.overheid.nl/cgi-bin/deeplink/law1/title=WETBOEK%20VAN%20STRAFRECHT/article=247/|title=wetten.nl - Wet- en regelgeving - Wetboek van Strafrecht - BWBR0001854|date=|publisher=Wetten.overheid.nl|language=nl|accessdate=2014-05-17}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Turkey|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Turkey}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;turkishpenal&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.5237.pdf|title=Turkish Penal Code|publisher=Mevzuat.gov.tr.|language=Turkish|accessdate=3 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Switzerland|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Switzerland}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/311_0/a187.html|title=RS 311.0 Code pénal suisse du 21 décembre 1937|date=|publisher=Admin.ch|accessdate=2014-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/311_0/a187.html|title=SR 311.0 Schweizerisches Strafgesetzbuch vom 21. Dezember 1937|date=|publisher=Admin.ch|accessdate=2014-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/311_0/a187.html|title=RS 311.0 Codice penale svizzero del 21 dicembre 1937|date=|publisher=Admin.ch|accessdate=2014-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Saudi Arabia|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Saudi Arabia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/12/16/New-Saudi-law-to-set-marital-age-of-consent-at-18.html|title=New Saudi law to set marital age of consent at 18|publisher=Al Arabiya|language=en|access-date=2017-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/no-minimum-age-for-marriage-of-girls-grand-mufti-576044.html|title=No minimum age for marriage of girls Grand Mufti|work=ArabianBusiness.com|access-date=2017-11-10|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SaudiGazeette&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&amp;contentID=2008102720339|title=Move to ban underage marriages|author=Muhammad Odhaib|date=1 January 2009|work=Saudi Gazette|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920123300/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&amp;contentID=2008102720339|archivedate=20 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Sweden|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Sweden}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.government.se/contentassets/5315d27076c942019828d6c36521696e/swedish-penal-code.pdf Swedish penal code] sweden.gov.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://lagen.nu/1962: 700#K2P2S4|title=Brottsbalk (1962: 700) (BrB)|date=|publisher=Lagen.nu|accessdate=2014-05-17}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://lagen.nu/1962: 700#K6P6S1|title=Brottsbalk (1962: 700) (BrB)|date=|publisher=Lagen.nu|accessdate=2014-05-17}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Nigeria|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Nigeria}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/185851-fact-check-nigerias-sexual-offences-bill-stipulates-18-years-not-11-years-as-age-of-consent.html|title=FACT CHECK: Nigeria's Sexual Offences Bill stipulates 18 years, not 11 years, as age of consent|author=Ezeamalu, Ben|date=30 June 2015|work=[[Premium Times]]|accessdate=12 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Poland|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Poland}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.era.int/domains/corpus-juris/public_pdf/polish_penal_code2.pdf|title=Part 2 of the unofficial English translation of the Polish Criminal Code|work=Academy of European Law|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413010314/http://www.era.int/domains/corpus-juris/public_pdf/polish_penal_code2.pdf|archivedate=13 April 2007|accessdate=17 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://isip.sejm.gov.pl/servlet/Search?todo=file&amp;id=WDU19970880553&amp;type=3&amp;name=D19970553Lj.pdf|title=Polish Criminal Code|publisher=Isip.sejm.gov.pl|language=Polish|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524012944/http://isip.sejm.gov.pl/servlet/Search?todo=file&amp;id=WDU19970880553&amp;type=3&amp;name=D19970553Lj.pdf|archivedate=24 May 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Argentina|plink=Ages of consent in South America#Argentina}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:YellowGreen&quot;|[[Ages of consent in South America|South America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/15000-19999/16546/texact.htm|title=CODIGO PENAL DE LA NACION ARGENTINA|website=servicios.infoleg.gob.ar|access-date=2019-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Belgium|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Belgium}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/loi_a1.pl?DETAIL=1867060801/F&amp;caller=list&amp;row_id=1&amp;numero=2&amp;rech=4&amp;cn=1867060801&amp;table_name=LOI&amp;nm=1867060850&amp;la=F&amp;dt=CODE+PENAL&amp;language=fr&amp;fr=f&amp;choix1=ET&amp;choix2=ET&amp;fromtab=loi_all&amp;trier=promulgation&amp;chercher=t&amp;sql=dt+contains++%27CODE%27&amp;+%27PENAL%27and+actif+=+%27Y%27&amp;tri=dd+AS+RANK+&amp;imgcn.x=41&amp;imgcn.y=12#LNK0094|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203060924/http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/loi_a1.pl?DETAIL=1867060801%2FF&amp;caller=list&amp;row_id=1&amp;numero=2&amp;rech=4&amp;cn=1867060801&amp;table_name=LOI&amp;nm=1867060850&amp;la=F&amp;dt=CODE%20PENAL&amp;language=fr&amp;fr=f&amp;choix1=ET&amp;choix2=ET&amp;fromtab=loi_all&amp;trier=promulgation&amp;chercher=t&amp;sql=dt%20contains%20%20%27CODE%27&amp;%20%27PENAL%27and%20actif%20=%20%27Y%27&amp;tri=dd%20AS%20RANK%20&amp;imgcn.x=41&amp;imgcn.y=12|url-status=dead|title=LOI - WET|archivedate=December 3, 2016|website=www.ejustice.just.fgov.be}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/change_lg.pl?language=nl&amp;la=N&amp;cn=1867060801&amp;table_name=wet|title=LOI - WET|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Venezuela|plink=Ages of consent in South America#Venezuela}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:YellowGreen&quot;|[[Ages of consent in South America|South America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mp.gob.ve/LEYES/codigo%20penal/codigo%20penal.html|title=Venezuelan Penal Code|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119060537/http://www.mp.gob.ve/LEYES/codigo%20penal/codigo%20penal.html|archive-date=19 January 2017|url-status=dead|accessdate=28 May 2020|archivedate=19 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119060537/http://www.mp.gob.ve/LEYES/codigo%20penal/codigo%20penal.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Norway|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Norway}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://lovdata.no/dokument/NLE/lov/2005-05-20-28|title=The Penal Code - Lovdata|website=lovdata.no|accessdate=15 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Austria|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Austria}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Bundesnormen/NOR40023134/NOR40023134.html|title=RIS Dokument|date=2013-07-31|publisher=Ris.bka.gv.at|accessdate=2014-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Bundesnormen/NOR40093644/NOR40093644.html|title=RIS Dokument|date=2009-08-31|publisher=Ris.bka.gv.at|accessdate=2014-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Bundesnormen/NOR40033821/NOR40033821.html|title=RIS Dokument|date=|publisher=Ris.bka.gv.at|accessdate=2014-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Iran|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Iran}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/iran-gender|title=Premarital sex on rise as Iranians delay marriage, survey finds|last1=Tait|first1=Robert|date=2008-12-29|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=21 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/news/223079-iran-marriage-dating-website/|title=Iran to launch official marriage website to combat 'immoral' dating, premarital sex|accessdate=21 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/irancountrystudy00curt_2/page/114|title=Iran: a country study|last1=Curtis|first1=Glen E.|last2=Hooglund|first2=Eric|date=2008|publisher=Library of Congress, Federal Research Division|isbn=978-0-8444-1187-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/irancountrystudy00curt_2/page/114 114]|accessdate=2014-10-15|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Abrahamian, History of Modern Iran, (2008), p. 190&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/26/iran-lawmakers-men-wed-adopted-daughters|title=The Guardian, 26 September 2013|author=The Guardian|date=26 September 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|publisher=theguardian.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/9500484/Alarm-as-hundreds-of-children-under-age-of-10-married-in-Iran.html|title=The Telegraph, 26 Aug 2012|author=The Telegraph|date=26 Aug 2012|publisher=Telegraph.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Thailand|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Thailand}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/read.php?newsid=30029866|title=Popular rocker given suspended jail term for having sex with underage girl|date=30 March 2007|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612143232/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/read.php?newsid=30029866|archivedate=12 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/05/20/national/national_30004480.php|title=DNA test clears 'Dag'|date=20 May 2006|accessdate=28 May 2020|archivedate=26 January 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070126142435/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/05/20/national/national_30004480.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|United Arab Emirates|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#United Arab Emirates}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/briton-faces-jail-for-sex-on-dubai-beach-863918.html|title=Briton faces jail for sex on Dubai beach|last1=Judd|first1=Terri|date=10 July 2008|work=The Independent|last2=Sajn|first2=Nikolina|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dubaifaqs.com/education-dubai.php|title=Education in Dubai|author=Dubai FAQs|publisher=Dubaifaqs.com|accessdate=11 April 2012|archivedate=12 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142640/http://www.dubaifaqs.com/education-dubai.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Colombia|plink=Ages of consent in South America#Colombia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:YellowGreen&quot;|[[Ages of consent in South America|South America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley_1236_2008.html|title=Leyes desde 1992 - Vigencia expresa y control de constitucionalidad [LEY_1236_2008]|website=www.secretariasenado.gov.co|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2019-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811022934/http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley_1236_2008.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://perso.unifr.ch/derechopenal/assets/files/legislacion/l_20130808_01.pdf|title=Código Penal Colombiano (ley 599 de 2000)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|South Africa|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#South Africa}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;sa-amendment-act2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.za/sites/www.gov.za/files/38977_7-7_Act5of2015CriminalLaw_a.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706220207/http://www.gov.za/sites/www.gov.za/files/38977_7-7_Act5of2015CriminalLaw_a.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act Amendment Act, No. 5 of 2015|archivedate=July 6, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.org.za/depts/ci/pubs/pdf/resources/general/2011/ages_guide_april_2011.pdf|title=Legal guide to age thresholds for children and young people|last1=Mahery|first1=Prinslean|last2=Proudlock|first2=Paula|date=April 2011|publisher=Children's Institute, University of Cape Town|pages=20–22|accessdate=8 October 2011|edition=5|archivedate=24 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224212712/http://www.ci.uct.ac.za/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Denmark|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Denmark}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/r0710.aspx?id=181992#idfb7ca177-33f0-4332-902c-cad2d4cb86c2|title=Bekendtgørelse af straffeloven|last=|first=|date=2016-07-04|website=www.retsinformation.dk|publisher=|access-date=2016-08-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Malaysia|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Malaysia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pdfdownload.org/pdf2html/pdf2html.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpol.int%2FPublic%2FChildren%2FSexualAbuse%2FNationalLaws%2FcsaMalaysia.pdf&amp;images=yes|title=Sexual Offences Laws – Malaysia – Interpol|publisher=Pdfdownload.org|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324172851/http://www.pdfdownload.org/pdf2html/pdf2html.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpol.int%2FPublic%2FChildren%2FSexualAbuse%2FNationalLaws%2FcsaMalaysia.pdf&amp;images=yes|archivedate=24 March 2012|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/sites/violenceagainstchildren.un.org/files/documents/other_documents/sexual_offences_against_children_bill_eng.pdf |accessdate=2020-05-28 |archivedate=2021-05-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506233231/https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/sites/violenceagainstchildren.un.org/files/documents/other_documents/sexual_offences_against_children_bill_eng.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Singapore|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Singapore}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || 16 || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;[http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/html/homepage.html Singapore Statutes OnLine] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222092935/http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/html/homepage.html|date=22 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Israel|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Israel}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Philippines|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Philippines}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;state.gov&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2013/eap/220224.htm|title=Philippines|accessdate=2015-06-08|df=dmy}} on 2013-02-27)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2013/eap/220224.htm|title=Sexual Exploitation of Children|quote=The minimum age for consensual sex is 12 years. The statutory rape law criminalizes sex with minors under age 12 and sex with a child under age 18 involving force, threat, or intimidation. The maximum penalty for child rape is 40 years in prison plus a lifetime bar from political office. As of August the PNP reported 2,750 cases of child rape. The production, possession, and distribution of child pornography are illegal, and penalties range from one month to life in prison plus fines from 50,000 to five million pesos ($1,140 to $114,000), depending on the gravity of the offense.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/PHL_revised_penal_code.pdf|title=The Revised Penal Code of the Philippines}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.unescap.org/esid/psis/population/database/poplaws/law_phi/phi_018.htm|title=Republic Act No. 7610 (Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act), Republic of the Philippines|date=22 July 1991|publisher=Unescap.org|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040223233428/http://www.unescap.org/esid/psis/population/database/poplaws/law_phi/phi_018.htm|archivedate=23 February 2004|accessdate=11 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.chanrobles.com/cralaw/2013junedecisions.php?id=483|title=G.R. No. 198732, June 10, 2013 - CHRISTIAN CABALLO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent. : JUNE 2013 - PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT JURISPRUDENCE - CHANROBLES VIRTUAL LAW LIBRARY|website=www.chanrobles.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Egypt|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Egypt}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3f827fc44.pdf|title=Law No 58 01 The Year 1937}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;interpol-sexoffences&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/|title=Legislation of INTERPOL member states on sexual offences against children|publisher=INTERPOL|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091003113552/http%3A//www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/|archive-date=2009-10-03|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2009-10-03|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091003113552/http%3A//www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Hong Kong|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Hong Kong}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hklii.org/eng/hk/legis/ord/200/s118D.html|title=Crimes Ordinance (Cap. 200) s.118D|publisher=HKLII|accessdate=6 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/en/ord/200/s124.html|title=Crimes Ordinance (Cap. 200) s.124|publisher=HKLII|accessdate=2 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/en/ord/200/s123.html|title=Crimes Ordinance (Cap. 200) s.123|publisher=HKLII|accessdate=2 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/en/ord/200/s118c.html|title=Crimes Ordinance (Cap. 200) s.118C|publisher=HKLII|accessdate=2 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lo, Clifford and Lana Lam. &quot;[http://www.scmp.com/news/article/1851614/test-case-hong-kongs-underage-sex-law-after-boys-11-and-13-arrested-alleged Test case for Hong Kong's underage sex law after boys of 11 and 13 arrested for alleged intercourse with minor girl] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129132247/http://www.scmp.com/news/article/1851614/test-case-hong-kongs-underage-sex-law-after-boys-11-and-13-arrested-alleged|date=29 November 2016}}.&quot; ''[[South China Morning Post]]''. Saturday 22 August 2015. Retrieved on 22 August 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Finland|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Finland}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039|title=Finnish Criminal Code|date=29 May 2009|publisher=Finlex.fi|accessdate=11 April 2012|archivedate=9 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709032250/http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1889/en18890039}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Chile|plink=Ages of consent in South America#Chile}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:YellowGreen&quot;|[[Ages of consent in South America|South America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bcn.cl/publicadores/pub_leyes_mas_soli/admin/ver_archivo_codigos.php?id_codigo=4&amp;file=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206091709/http://www.bcn.cl/publicadores/pub_leyes_mas_soli/admin/ver_archivo_codigos.php?id_codigo=4&amp;file=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-12-06|title=Wayback Machine|date=2006-12-06|access-date=2019-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Pakistan|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Pakistan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3699814.stm|title=What is a 'right' age of consent?|last=Smith-Spark|first=Laura|date=1 October 2004|work=[[BBC Online]]|accessdate=10 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pakistan.unfpa.org/en/topics/child-marriage-4|title=UNFPA Pakistan {{!}} Child marriage|last=|first=|date=|website=[[United Nations Population Fund]]|access-date=September 29, 2018|accessdate=May 28, 2020|archivedate=June 2, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602114451/https://pakistan.unfpa.org/en/topics/child-marriage-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Ireland|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Ireland}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;irlcitiz&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/criminal_law/criminal_offences/law_on_sex_offences_in_ireland.html|title=The law on sexual offences in Ireland|work=Citizens Information|publisher=Citizens Information Board|location=Dublin, Ireland|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628040525/http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/criminal_law/criminal_offences/law_on_sex_offences_in_ireland.html|archivedate=28 June 2013|accessdate=12 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;irlact2006&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2006/en/act/pub/0015/print.html|title=Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 2006|date=2 June 2006|work=[[Irish Statute Book]]|accessdate=12 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ODwyer2&quot;&gt;O'Dwyer, Peter. [http://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/features/the-age-of-consent-debate-where-does-ireland-stand-264694.html &quot;The age of consent debate: Where does Ireland stand?&quot;] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160115215040/http://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/features/the-age-of-consent-debate-where-does-ireland-stand-264694.html Archive]). ''[[Irish Examiner]]''. April 9, 2014. Retrieved on January 14, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2017/act/2/enacted/en/html|title=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB)|last=(eISB)|first=electronic Irish Statute Book|website=www.irishstatutebook.ie|accessdate=15 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2017/act/2/section/17/enacted/en/html#sec17|title=Sexual act with child under 17 years of age|last=(eISB)|first=electronic Irish Statute Book|website=www.irishstatutebook.ie|accessdate=15 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Greece|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Greece}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.freelaw.gr/pk|title=Ποινικός Κώδικας - www.freelaw.gr|publisher=|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303164750/http://www.freelaw.gr/pk|archive-date=3 March 2018|access-date=3 March 2018|accessdate=28 May 2020|archivedate=3 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303164750/http://www.freelaw.gr/pk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Portugal|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Portugal}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;[https://cfaematosinhos.eu/IC_F9.pdf Código Penal Português] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203330/https://cfaematosinhos.eu/IC_F9.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }}, Art 171-173&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Iraq|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Iraq}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://law.case.edu/saddamtrial/documents/Iraqi_Penal_Code_1969.pdf|title=The Penal Code with Amendments|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021100954/http://law.case.edu/saddamtrial/documents/Iraqi_Penal_Code_1969.pdf|archivedate=21 October 2012|accessdate=2012-10-21|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/14/jafari-law-iraqi-violation-women-rights-marital-rape|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808113535/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/14/jafari-law-iraqi-violation-women-rights-marital-rape|url-status=dead|title=Ja'fari law takes the Iraqi government's violation of women's rights to a new level &amp;#124; Haifa Zangana|first=Haifa|last=Zangana|date=March 14, 2014|archivedate=August 8, 2016|via=www.theguardian.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/04/09/iraq-wants-to-legalize-child-marriage.html The Daily Beast] {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20160426131506/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/04/09/iraq-wants-to-legalize-child-marriage.html|date=26 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Kazakhstan|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Kazakhstan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1681/file/ca1cfb8a67f8a1c2ffe8de6554a3.htm/preview|title=ca1cfb8a67f8a1c2ffe8de6554a3.htm|publisher=Legislationline.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613061051/http://legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1681/file/ca1cfb8a67f8a1c2ffe8de6554a3.htm/preview|archive-date=2010-06-13|accessdate=2014-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Algeria|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Algeria}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://sexualrightsdatabase.org/static/country-452.html#Age+of+sexual+consent+-+different+sex|title=Algeria|website=sexualrightsdatabase.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture edited by David A. Gerstner page 648&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Qatar|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Qatar}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://dohanews.co/cohabitation-laws-cause-confusion-for-hotel-guests/|title=Cohabitation laws in Qatar cause confusion for hotel guests|date=2013-11-04|work=Doha News|access-date=2018-05-29|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Czech Republic|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Czech Republic}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;117/1852 Ř.z., Zákon trestní o zločinech, přečinech a přestupcích: § 128 Zprznění&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://trestni.juristic.cz/489540/oddil/trzo|title=§ 241 - § 246|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517051618/http://trestni.juristic.cz/489540/oddil/trzo|archivedate=17 May 2011|accessdate=2007-04-10|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Peru|plink=Ages of consent in South America#Peru}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:YellowGreen&quot;|[[Ages of consent in South America|South America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www2.congreso.gob.pe/Sicr/Prensa/heraldo.nsf/CNnoticiasanteriores/fc34916372aa85c9052573070053ab5a?OpenDocument|title=Pleno Reconsidero Exoneracion de Sedunda Votacion a Proyecto Sobre Libertad Sexual|date=2007-06-27|publisher=El Heraldo|language=Spanish|trans-title=House Reconsidered and Excluded Second Vote for Project on Sexual Freedom|accessdate=2010-09-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/06/22/world/main2970190.shtml|title=Peru Lowers Age Of Consent To 14|author=Lindsay Goldwert|date=2007-06-22|publisher=CBS NEWS|accessdate=2009-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tc.gob.pe/jurisprudencia/2013/00008-2012-AI.pdf|title=Demanda de inconstitucionalidad interpuesta por diez mil seiscientos nueve ciudadanos contra el artículo 1° de la Ley N° 28704 que modifica el artículo 173°, inciso 3° del Código Penal, sobre delito de violación sexual contra víctima entre 14 y 18 años de edad|date=2013-01-07|language=Spanish}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/cendocbib/con5_uibd.nsf/001CD7E618605745052583280052F800/$FILE/COD-PENAL_actualizado_16-09-2018.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Romania|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Romania}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;avocatura.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.avocatura.com/ll491-noul-cod-penal.html|title=Noul Cod Penal (2014)|date=|publisher=Avocatura.com|language=ro|accessdate=2014-05-17|archivedate=2015-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517054948/http://www.avocatura.com/ll491-noul-cod-penal.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;avocatura.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|New Zealand|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#New Zealand}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1961/0043/latest/DLM329212.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607173223/http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1961/0043/latest/DLM329212.html |url-status=live |title=Crimes Act 1961 No 43 (as at 01 July 2019), Public Act 134 Sexual conduct with young person under 16 |archivedate=2019-06-07 |website=New Zealand Legislation |publisher=[[Parliamentary Counsel Office (New Zealand)]] |accessdate=2020-01-06 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/consol_act/naa2007146.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002092306/http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/consol_act/naa2007146.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Niue Amendment Act 2007|archivedate=October 2, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Vietnam|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Vietnam}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/18/AR2005111800680.html|title=Shamed rocker Glitter on the run|date=17 November 2005|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=3 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4559658.stm|title=Glitter police 'drop rape charge'|date=2005-12-26|accessdate=3 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Bangladesh|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Bangladesh}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/print_sections_all.php?id=11|title=Penal Conde of Bangladesh|publisher=Government of Bangladesh|accessdate=7 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Kuwait|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Kuwait}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 17 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;unhchr.ch&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/2f5665ae20b956cb8025675a0033cafb?Opendocument|title=United Nations Human Rights Website – Treaty Bodies Database – Document – Summary Record – Kuwait|publisher=Unhchr.ch|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031125832/http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/2f5665ae20b956cb8025675a0033cafb?Opendocument|archivedate=2015-10-31|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kuwait&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/2f5665ae20b956cb8025675a0033cafb?Opendocument|title=Summary record of the 488th meeting : Kuwait|publisher=Committee on the Rights of the Child|accessdate=2009-09-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Angola|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Angola}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/pt/ao/ao026pt.pdf|title=ANTEPROJECTO DE CÓDIGO PENAL}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Hungary|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Hungary}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=A1200100.TV|title=2012. évi C. törvény - a Büntető Törvénykönyvről|author=Complex Kiadó Kft.|date=|publisher=Net.jogtar.hu|accessdate=2014-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Ukraine|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Ukraine}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ukrainepravo.com/ukrainian_law/legal-news-in-ukraine-amendments-to-the-criminal-code-judges-qualification-assessment-model-decision/|title=LEGAL NEWS IN UKRAINE: AMENDMENTS TO THE CRIMINAL CODE, JUDGES' QUALIFICATION ASSESSMENT, MODEL DECISION OF THE SUPREME COURT, NEW PROCEDURE OF THE LAWYER'S EXAMINATION, RECALCULATION OF PENSIONS FOR STATE EMPLOYEES|date=2018-04-21|website=ukraine-pravo.com|publisher=|access-date=2019-03-28|quote=|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2022-04-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413151234/https://ukrainepravo.com/ukrainian_law/legal-news-in-ukraine-amendments-to-the-criminal-code-judges-qualification-assessment-model-decision/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ukranews.com/en/news/558311-poroshenko-signs-law-defining-defines-16-years-as-legal-age-of-consent|title=Poroshenko Signs Law Defining Defines 16 Years As Legal Age Of Consent|date=2018-04-16|website=[[Ukrainian News Agency]]|publisher=|access-date=2019-03-28|quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ukrainepravo.com/ukrainian_law/legal-news-in-ukraine-amendments-to-the-criminal-code-judges-qualification-assessment-model-decision/|title=Legal news in Ukraine: amendments to the Criminal Code, judges' qualification assessment, model decision of the Supreme Court, new procedure of the lawyer's examination, recalculation of pensions for state employees|date=April 20, 2018|website=Українське право - інформаційно-правовий портал|accessdate=May 28, 2020|archivedate=April 13, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413151234/https://ukrainepravo.com/ukrainian_law/legal-news-in-ukraine-amendments-to-the-criminal-code-judges-qualification-assessment-model-decision/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Morocco|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Morocco}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ageofconsent.com/morocco.htm|title=Penalties relating to sex offences and crime against children in the country|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413093810/http://www.ageofconsent.com/morocco.htm|archive-date=2017-04-13|access-date=2017-03-02|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2017-04-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413093810/http://www.ageofconsent.com/morocco.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://chartsbin.com/view/hxj|title=Minimum Legal Age of Consent - Female|last=ChartsBin|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/SERIAL/69975/69182/F1186528577/MAR-69975.pdf|title=Code Penal du Maroc 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Puerto Rico|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Puerto Rico}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;: 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www2.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/Justicia/146-2012/146-2012.pdf|title=Código Penal de Puerto Rico (2012-146)|date=30 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207012022/http://www2.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/Justicia/146-2012/146-2012.pdf|archive-date=7 February 2017|accessdate=20 May 2017|archivedate=7 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207012022/http://www2.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/Justicia/146-2012/146-2012.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Ecuador|plink=Ages of consent in South America#Ecuador}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:YellowGreen&quot;|[[Ages of consent in South America|South America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 14 || 18 || 14
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;asambleanacional.gob.ec&quot;&gt;http://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/system/files/document.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Slovakia|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Slovakia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/CsaSlovakia.pdf|title=Internet / Home - INTERPOL|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229152458/http%3A//www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/CsaSlovakia.pdf|archive-date=2008-02-29|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2008-02-29|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229152458/http%3A//www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/CsaSlovakia.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Cuba|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Cuba}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gacetaoficial.cu/html/codigo_penal.html#A16|title=Official Gazette of the Republic of Cuba|date=March 1999|publisher=gacetaoficial.cu|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402064841/http://www.gacetaoficial.cu/html/codigo_penal.html#A16|archivedate=2 April 2016|accessdate=23 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Sudan|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Sudan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 13 || 12 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ageofconsent.net/world/sudan|title=Sudan Age of Consent &amp; Statutory Rape Laws|website=www.ageofconsent.net|language=en|accessdate=16 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Oman|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Oman}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.com/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaOman.pdf|title=Interpol|publisher=Interpol|url-status=dead|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516065620/http://www.interpol.com/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaOman.pdf|archivedate=16 May 2016|accessdate=11 April 2012|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Belarus|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Belarus}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.legislationline.org/legislations.php?jid=7&amp;ltid=15|title=Belarus Criminal Code|year=2005|work=National register of legal acts of Byelorussia|publisher=legislationline.org|at=paragraph № 74, 2/1112|language=Russian|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927182826/http://www.legislationline.org/legislations.php?jid=7&amp;ltid=15|archive-date=2007-09-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Azerbaijan|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Azerbaijan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaAzerbaijan.pdf|title=Internet / Home - INTERPOL|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229152337/http%3A//www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaAzerbaijan.pdf|archive-date=2008-02-29|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2008-02-29|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229152337/http%3A//www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaAzerbaijan.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Sri Lanka|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Sri Lanka}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lawnet.lk/sec_process.php?chapterid=2001Y1V19C&amp;sectionno=363&amp;title=PENAL%20CODE&amp;path=5|title=LawNet : : Government of Sri Lanka|publisher=Lawnet.lk|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311072013/http://www.lawnet.lk/sec_process.php?chapterid=2001Y1V19C&amp;sectionno=363&amp;title=PENAL%20CODE&amp;path=5|archivedate=11 March 2012|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lawnet.lk/sec_process.php?chapterid=2001Y1V19C&amp;sectionno=365B&amp;title=PENAL%20CODE&amp;path=5|title=LawNet : : Government of Sri Lanka|publisher=Lawnet.lk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311072037/http://www.lawnet.lk/sec_process.php?chapterid=2001Y1V19C&amp;sectionno=365B&amp;title=PENAL%20CODE&amp;path=5|archive-date=11 March 2012|accessdate=11 April 2012|df=dmy-all|archivedate=11 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311072037/http://www.lawnet.lk/sec_process.php?chapterid=2001Y1V19C&amp;sectionno=365B&amp;title=PENAL%20CODE&amp;path=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Myanmar|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Myanmar}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/yangon/26356-proposed-amendments-raise-statutory-rape-age-to-15.html|title=Proposed amendments raise statutory rape age to 15|date=2017-06-13|website=The Myanmar Times|language=en|access-date=2019-10-05|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2019-05-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509030953/https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/yangon/26356-proposed-amendments-raise-statutory-rape-age-to-15.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.myanmar-law-library.org/spip.php?page=pdfjs&amp;id_document=775|title=Myanmar Law Library|website=www.myanmar-law-library.org|access-date=2019-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Luxembourg|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Luxembourg}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/textescoordonnes/codes/index.html#code_penal|title=Liste des codes|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221084603/http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/textescoordonnes/codes/index.html#code_penal|archivedate=21 December 2016|accessdate=2006-04-17|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Dominican Republic|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Dominican Republic}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/wha/136110.htm|title=2009 Human Rights Report: Dominican Republic|date=11 March 2010|publisher=State.gov|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228145630/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/wha/136110.htm|archivedate=28 February 2011|accessdate=16 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Uzbekistan|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Uzbekistan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ageofconsent.net/world/uzbekistan|title=Uzbekistan Age of Consent &amp; Statutory Rape Laws|website=www.ageofconsent.net|language=en|accessdate=16 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ILGA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012.pdf|title=State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults|last1=Itaborah|first1=Lucas Paoli|publisher=ILGA, The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association|accessdate=22 October 2019|archivedate=11 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611181908/http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.vertic.org/media/National%20Legislation/Uzbekistan/UZ_Criminal_Code.pdf|title=Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan On Enactment of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan|publisher=The Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan|accessdate=16 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Kenya|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Kenya}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://theequalityeffect.org/pdfs/ConsentPaperKenya.pdf|title=LEGAL TREATMENT OF CONSENT IN SEXUAL OFFENCES IN KENYA|date=February 2013|work=[[University of Nairobi]]|page=18|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2024-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625192852/https://theequalityeffect.org/pdfs/ConsentPaperKenya.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Guatemala|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Guatemala}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/wha/136114.htm|title=2009 Human Rights Reports: Guatemala|date=11 March 2010|publisher=State.gov|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212084956/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/wha/136114.htm|archivedate=12 February 2011|accessdate=16 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Uruguay|plink=Ages of consent in South America#Uruguay}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:YellowGreen&quot;|[[Ages of consent in South America|South America]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;Uruguayan Penal Code Articles [https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/codigo-penal/9155-1933/272 272] and [https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/codigo-penal/9155-1933/267 267]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Croatia|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Croatia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.zakon.hr/z/98/Kazneni-zakon|title=Croatian Criminal Code (in Croatian)|date=|publisher=Zakon.hr|accessdate=19 February 2013|archivedate=30 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430224955/https://www.zakon.hr/z/98/Kazneni-zakon}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Bulgaria|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Bulgaria}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;legislationline.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes|title=Criminal codes|date=|publisher=Legislationline.org|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Macau|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Macau}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/95/46/codpenpt/codpen0101.asp|title=Redirect page|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328050908/http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/95/46/codpenpt/codpen0101.asp|archivedate=28 March 2016|accessdate=2015-09-01|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Ethiopia|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Ethiopia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/et/et011en.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.girlup.org/assets/pdfs/factsheet1-about-child-marriage.pdf|title=FACTSHEET: Child Marriage|work=Girl Up|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909152040/http://www.girlup.org/assets/pdfs/factsheet1-about-child-marriage.pdf|archivedate=2013-09-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Lebanon|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Lebanon}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://jurisdiarium.blogspot.com/2007/11/code-pnal-libanais.html|title=Juris diarium: Code pénal libanais|date=30 November 2007|publisher=Jurisdiarium.blogspot.com|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Costa Rica|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Costa Rica}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://presidencia.go.cr/comunicados/2017/01/costa-rica-fortalece-medidas-para-proteger-a-las-personas-menores-de-edad-mediante-la-ley-de-relaciones-impropias/|title=Costa Rica fortalece medidas para proteger a las personas menores de edad mediante la Ley de Relaciones Impropias|date=2017-01-19|website=Presidencia de la República de Costa Rica|language=es|access-date=2019-04-08|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2020-08-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804014549/https://www.presidencia.go.cr/comunicados/2017/01/costa-rica-fortalece-medidas-para-proteger-a-las-personas-menores-de-edad-mediante-la-ley-de-relaciones-impropias/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Slovenia|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Slovenia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20010927175825/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaSlovenia.asp Interpol - National Laws - Slovenia] interpol.int&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Panama|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Panama}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ministeriopublico.gob.pa/minpub/Portals/0/Pdfs/Prensa/CODIGO%20PENAL%20-%20AJUSTADO.pdf|title=Texto Único del Código Penal de la República de Panamá|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509065526/http://www.ministeriopublico.gob.pa/minpub/Portals/0/Pdfs/Prensa/CODIGO%20PENAL%20-%20AJUSTADO.pdf|archivedate=9 May 2016|accessdate=22 March 2016|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Lithuania|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Lithuania}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;: 0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter3/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=377767&amp;p_tr2=2|title=Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas - Dokumento tekstas|website=www3.lrs.lt|access-date=2016-08-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://infolex.lt/portal/start_ta.asp?act=doc&amp;fr=pop&amp;doc=66150|title=LR baudžiamasis kodeksas (BK)|date=|publisher=Infolex.Lt|accessdate=2014-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Tanzania|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Tanzania}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;https://www.icmec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ICMEC-Tanzania-National-Legislation.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Turkmenistan|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Turkmenistan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.com/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaTurkmenistan.pdf|title=Interpol|publisher=Interpol|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927104232/http://www.interpol.com/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaTurkmenistan.pdf|archive-date=27 September 2011|accessdate=11 April 2012|df=dmy-all|archivedate=27 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927104232/http://www.interpol.com/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaTurkmenistan.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Tunisia|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Tunisia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theglobalobservatory.org/2017/08/tunisia-violence-against-women-law/|title=Tunisia's New Protections for Women: A Legislative Revolution and Missed Opportunity|last=Mahmoud|first=Youssef|date=2017-08-09|website=IPI Global Observatory|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://majles.marsad.tn/2014/lois/57a1d468cf44126c17c5e19d/texte|title=مشروع قانون أساسي عدد 2016/60 يتعلق بالقضاء على العنف ضد المرأة {{!}} مرصد مجلس|website=Marsad Majles|language=en|access-date=2019-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Serbia|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Serbia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/901/file/576c23dc41967e427086bf4c2b45.pdf|title=Serbian Criminal Code in English (translated by the OSCE mission to Serbia in February 2006)|publisher=Legislationline.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613061222/http://legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/901/file/576c23dc41967e427086bf4c2b45.pdf|archive-date=2010-06-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Libya|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Libya}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session9/LY/ARCI_ARCInternational.pdf|title=Submission in the UPR review of Libya|work=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2014-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022174536/http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session9/LY/ARCI_ARCInternational.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Ghana|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Ghana}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/gh/gh010en.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Yemen|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Yemen}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 9 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;Power2009&quot;&gt;{{Citation|last=Power|first=Carla|title=Nujood Ali &amp; Shada Nasser win &quot;Women of the Year Fund 2008 Glamour Award&quot;|date=12 August 2009|url=http://www.yementimes.com/DefaultDET.aspx?i=1207&amp;p=report&amp;a=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405190616/http://www.yementimes.com/DefaultDET.aspx?i=1207&amp;p=report&amp;a=1|publisher=Yemen Times|accessdate=16 February 2010|archivedate=5 April 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HRWYemenReport2001&quot;&gt;{{Citation|author=Human Rights Watch|title=World Report 2001|chapter-url=https://www.hrw.org/wr2k1/mideast/yemen.html|year=2001|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615214816/http://www.hrw.org/wr2k1/mideast/yemen.html|chapter=Yemen: Human Rights Developments|publisher=Human Rights Watch|accessdate=8 April 2010|archivedate=15 June 2010|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Daragahi2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2008/jun/11/world/fg-childbride11|title=Yemeni bride, 10, says I won't|last=Daragahi|first=Borzou|date=11 June 2008|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=16 February 2010|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218062844/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jun/11/world/fg-childbride11|archivedate=18 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Assamiee&amp;Al-Sakkaf2010&quot;&gt;{{Citation|author1=Mahmoud Assamiee|title=Relative breakthrough in Yemen's early marriage dilemma|date=25 March 2010|url=http://www.yementimes.com/defaultdet.aspx?SUB_ID=33771|work=Yemen Times|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608055754/http://www.yementimes.com/defaultdet.aspx?SUB_ID=33771|accessdate=8 April 2010|archivedate=8 June 2011|author2=Nadia Al-Sakkaf|authorlink2=Nadia Al-Sakkaf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/child-bride-dies-wedding-night-yemen-article-1.1450874|title=Girl, 8, dies from internal injuries after wedding night in Yemen|last=Hastings|first=Deborah|work=NY Daily News|accessdate=10 September 2013|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/10/us-yemen-childbride-idUSBRE98910N20130910|title=Child bride in Yemen dies of internal bleeding on wedding night: activist|date=10 September 2013|work=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Democratic Republic of the Congo|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://sexualrightsdatabase.org/countries/473/Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo|title=Sexual Rights Database|website=sexualrightsdatabase.org|access-date=2019-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Jordan|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Jordan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;Schmitt, Arno &amp; Sofer, Jehoeda, 1992, ''Sexuality and Eroticism Among Males in Moslem Societies'', Binghamton: Harrington Park Press, 1992, {{ISBN|0-918393-91-4}}, pages 137-138/&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Ivory Coast|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Côte d'Ivoire}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|15 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/text/492169|title=WIPOLex|website=wipolex.wipo.int|access-date=2019-10-05|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2019-05-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507052117/https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/text/492169}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Bahrain|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Bahrain}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 21 || 21 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.unodc.org/res/cld/document/bhr/1976/bahrain_penal_code_html/Bahrain_Penal_Code_1976.pdf|title=Penal Cone of Bahrain|publisher=Government of Bahrain|accessdate=7 March 2013|archivedate=21 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921155851/http://www.unodc.org/res/cld/document/bhr/1976/bahrain_penal_code_html/Bahrain_Penal_Code_1976.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ODwyer&quot;&gt;O'Dwyer, Peter. &quot;[http://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/features/the-age-of-consent-debate-where-does-ireland-stand-264694.html The age of consent debate: Where does Ireland stand?]&quot; ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160115215040/http://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/features/the-age-of-consent-debate-where-does-ireland-stand-264694.html Archive]). ''[[Irish Examiner]]''. April 9, 2014. Retrieved on January 14, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Bolivia|plink=Ages of consent in South America#Bolivia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:YellowGreen&quot;|[[Ages of consent in South America|South America]]
|align=center|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ley N° 2033: Ley de Protección a las Víctimas de Delitos Contra la Libertad Sexual (Artículos 308º Bis, 309º, 318º) |url=http://www.silep.gob.bo/norma/3936/ley_actualizada |website=SILEP{{emdash}}Sistema de Información Legal del Estado Plurinacional |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811212424/http://www.silep.gob.bo/silep/masterley/118011 |url-status=live |archive-date=2019-08-11| |accessdate=2020-03-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{cbignore|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/59479/68751/S99BOL02.htm|title=Bolivia. Ley (No. 2033 ) de Protección a las Víctimas de Delitos Contra la Libertad Sexual, 1999|website=www.ilo.org|access-date=2019-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cepal.org/oig/noticias/paginas/9/46289/Bol2013Ley348Leyintegralibredeviolencia.pdf|title=Ley Integral Para Garantizar a las Mujeres una Vida Libre de Violencia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310042700/http://www.cepal.org/oig/noticias/paginas/9/46289/Bol2013Ley348Leyintegralibredeviolencia.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-10|access-date=2020-03-10|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042310/http://www.cepal.org/oig/noticias/paginas/9/46289/Bol2013Ley348Leyintegralibredeviolencia.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://oig.cepal.org/es|title=Observatorio de Igualdad de Género|website=Observatorio de Igualdad de Género|language=es|access-date=2019-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://att.gob.bo/sites/default/files/archivosvarios/Codigo%20de%20familia.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115221118/https://att.gob.bo/sites/default/files/archivosvarios/Codigo%20de%20familia.pdf |date=2019-11-15 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Cameroon|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Cameroon}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 21 || 21 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dibussi.com/2016/07/cameroon-penal-code.html|title=An Overview and Full Text (English) of the New Cameroon Penal Code|website=Dibussi Tande: Scribbles from the Den|access-date=2019-10-05|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2019-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619043050/https://www.dibussi.com/2016/07/cameroon-penal-code.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Latvia|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Latvia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=88966|title=Krimināllikums|website=likumi.lv|access-date=2019-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122153504/http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=88966|archive-date=2016-11-22|url-status=dead}} (Latvian original text)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1683/file/4b5d86c3826746957aa400893abc.htm/preview] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613060304/http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1683/file/4b5d86c3826746957aa400893abc.htm/preview|date=13 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Paraguay|plink=Ages of consent in South America#Paraguay}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:YellowGreen&quot;|[[Ages of consent in South America|South America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.glin.gov/view.action?searchDetails.queryType=ALL&amp;newSubjectTerm=&amp;searchDetails.subjectTerms=&amp;searchDetails.queryString=C%C3%B3digo+Penal+de+Paraguay&amp;searchDetails.showSummary=true&amp;searchDetails.publicationJurisdiction=&amp;__checkbox_searchDetails.showSummary=true&amp;searchDetails.issuanceDateToday=01&amp;searchDetails.publicationDateTo=&amp;searchDetails.publicationDateToday=01&amp;searchDetails.sortOrder=rank&amp;searchDetails.issuanceDateFromday=01&amp;searchDetails.issuanceDateFrom=&amp;searchDetails.issuanceDateFromyear=&amp;month=01&amp;month=01&amp;month=01&amp;month=01&amp;search=Buscar&amp;searchDetails.andSubjectTerms=true&amp;searchDetails.publicationDateFromday=01&amp;searchDetails.publicationDateFrom=&amp;request_locale=es&amp;searchDetails.publicationLanguage=&amp;fieldName=&amp;searchDetails.publicationDateToyear=&amp;searchDetails.publicationJurisdictionExclude=false&amp;searchDetails.includeAllFields=true&amp;popupSearch=false&amp;searchDetails.issuanceDateToyear=&amp;searchDetails.summaryLanguage=%27%27&amp;searchDetails.searchAll=true&amp;searchDetails.publicationDateFromyear=&amp;searchDetails.issuanceDateTo=&amp;searchDetails.activeDrills=&amp;searchDetails.hitsPerPage=10&amp;glinID=209226&amp;summaryLang=es&amp;fromSearch=true|title=GLIN.gov – Changes introduced by Law 3440/2008|language=es}} (click on PDF file in “texto completo”)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Trinidad and Tobago|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Trinidad and Tobago}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ttparliament.org/legislations/a2012-12.pdf|title=Act No. 12 of 2012|work=ttparliament.org|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204033453/http://www.ttparliament.org/legislations/a2012-12.pdf|archivedate=4 February 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.trinidadexpress.com/20150913/news/age-of-sexual-consent-raised-to-18|title=Age of sexual consent raised to 18|last1=Bruzual|first1=Alexander|date=13 September 2015|work=Trinidad Express|accessdate=15 September 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917054341/https://www.trinidadexpress.com/20150913/news/age-of-sexual-consent-raised-to-18|archive-date=17 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Uganda|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Uganda}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200803170444.html|title=Uganda: Time to Lower Country's Age of Consent|website=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ulii.org/ug/legislation/bill/2003/2003/bill_2003_2003.pdf|title=Domestic Relations Bill, 2003|website=Uganda Legal Information Institute|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415063705/https://www.ulii.org/ug/legislation/bill/2003/2003/bill_2003_2003.pdf|archive-date=2018-04-15|access-date=2017-05-22|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2018-04-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415063705/https://www.ulii.org/ug/legislation/bill/2003/2003/bill_2003_2003.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Zambia|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Zambia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.saflii.org/zm/cases/ZMSC/2008/24.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308034615/http://www.saflii.org/zm/cases/ZMSC/2008/24.html|date=March 8, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Estonia|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Estonia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes|title=Criminal codes - Legislationline|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|El Salvador|plink=Ages of consent in North America#El Salvador}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.asamblea.gob.sv/eparlamento/indice-legislativo/buscador-de-documentos-legislativos/codigo-penal|title=Microsoft Word - El Salvador.doc|date=|format=PDF|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193004/http://www.asamblea.gob.sv/eparlamento/indice-legislativo/buscador-de-documentos-legislativos/codigo-penal|archive-date=4 March 2016|accessdate=10 December 2015|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193004/http://www.asamblea.gob.sv/eparlamento/indice-legislativo/buscador-de-documentos-legislativos/codigo-penal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;csj.gob.sv&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.csj.gob.sv/leyes.nsf/ed400a03431a688906256a84005aec75/29961fcd8682863406256d02005a3cd4|title=El Salvador Penal Code|url-status=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111053310/http://www.csj.gob.sv/leyes.nsf/ed400a03431a688906256a84005aec75/29961fcd8682863406256d02005a3cd4|archivedate=11 January 2012|accessdate=10 February 2010|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Cyprus|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Cyprus}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Gays Ruling 'Too Little, Too Late'|author=George Psyllides|date=6 July 2002|work=Cyprus Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cylaw.org/nomoi/enop/non-ind/0_154/index.html|title=Ο περί Ποινικού Κώδικα Νόμος - ΚΕΦ.154|date=|publisher=Cylaw.org|accessdate=2014-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Afghanistan|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Afghanistan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.aidsportal.org/news_details.aspx?ID=4236|title=Home|publisher=AIDSPortal|url-status=dead|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20081026065259/http://www.aidsportal.org/news_details.aspx?ID=4236|archivedate=26 October 2008|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1142.html|title=Iran|publisher=Travel.state.gov|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801084310/http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1142.html|archivedate=1 August 2013|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Honduras|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Honduras}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;&quot;{{cite web|url=http://www.poderjudicial.gob.hn/CEDIJ/Leyes/Documents/C%C3%B3digo%20Penal%20%28Actualizado%20a%C3%B1o%202014%29.pdf|title=CÓDIGO PENAL|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711055950/http://www.poderjudicial.gob.hn/CEDIJ/Leyes/Documents/C%C3%B3digo%20Penal%20%28Actualizado%20a%C3%B1o%202014%29.pdf|archivedate=11 July 2015|accessdate=7 March 2016|df=dmy}}.&quot; [[Can judiciary of Honduras Republic]] RAPE, statutory rape, indecent assault, kidnapping Article 140. It is an offense of rape: sexual intercourse with a person of either sex through violence or threat of causing the taxpayer's spouse or domestic partner he or one of his relatives within the fourth (4th) degree of consanguinity or second (2nd) affinity serious and imminent harm. For purposes of this article shall mean sexual intercourse, which have vaginal, anal or oral route. It will be punishable with ten (10) to fifteen (15) years of imprisonment. They are special cases of rape sexual intercourse with a person of either sex when without any violence or threats, meet any of the following circumstances. Such cases shall be punishable by fifteen (15) to twenty (20) years of imprisonment and are as follows: 1) When the victim is under fourteen (14) years of age; 2) When the victim is found deprived of reason or will or when for any reason can not resist; 3) When the active to commit the crime of rape intentionally diminishes or abolishes the will of the victim using this narcotic or psychotropic substances, including alcohol or committed the violation finding the taxpayer in the previous situation subject;. Article 141. commit acts of lust, who taking advantage of the conditions or using the means indicated in the preceding article makes victim to another or others in acts of lust other than sexual intercourse shall be punished with imprisonment of five (5) to eight (8) years. When the victim is under fourteen (14) years even if you have consented to the act or being older the taxable person suffers from a mental illness or incomplete mental development or retardation or private has reason or will or when by any cause can not resist the previous sentence is increased by half (1/2). When acts of lust consisting in the insertion of objects or instruments of any nature in the sexual organs or other natural orifices or artificial simulating the sexual organs of the taxpayer body, the offender shall be punished with imprisonment of ten (10) fifteen (15) years.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Nepal|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Nepal}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ageofconsent.net/world/nepal|title=Nepal Age of Consent &amp; Statutory Rape Laws|website=www.ageofconsent.net|language=en|accessdate=16 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Bosnia and Herzegovina|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1661/file/5863a4917995d1a282d020fb2715.htm/preview|title=5863a4917995d1a282d020fb2715.htm|date=|publisher=Legislationline.org|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Gabon|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Gabon}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|15 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 21 || 21
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/text/493430|title=WIPOLex|website=wipolex.wipo.int|access-date=2019-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|North Korea|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#North Korea}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/eap/135995.htm|title=2009 Human Rights Report: Democratic People's Republic of Korea|date=11 March 2010|publisher=State.gov|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324230107/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/eap/135995.htm|archive-date=24 March 2010|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Brunei|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Brunei}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;Brunei_01&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/CsaBrunei.pdf|title=Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children – Brunei|year=2006|publisher=Interpol|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229151338/http%3A//www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/CsaBrunei.pdf|archive-date=2008-02-29|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2008-02-29|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229151338/http%3A//www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/CsaBrunei.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Mozambique|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Mozambique}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/rwinslow/africa/mozambique.html|title=Comparative Criminology &amp;#124; Africa - Mozambique|date=1975-06-25|publisher=Rohan.sdsu.edu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830030221/http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/rwinslow/africa/mozambique.html|archive-date=2013-08-30|accessdate=2014-02-19|archivedate=2013-08-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830030221/http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/rwinslow/africa/mozambique.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Iceland|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Iceland}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://visindavefur.hi.is/svar.php?id=3683|title=''Hver er samræðisaldur á Íslandi?''|language=Icelandic|trans-title=What is the age of consent in Iceland?}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''(Icelandic)'' [http://www.althingi.is/lagas/135a/1940019.html The Icelandic Penal Code] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317171939/http://www.althingi.is/lagas/135a/1940019.html|date=17 March 2016}}
: 202. gr. Hver sem hefur samræði eða önnur kynferðismök við barn, yngra en 15[fimmtán] ára, skal sæta fangelsi ekki skemur en 1[eitt] ár og allt að 16[sextán] árum.
: : Section 202 Anyone who has carnal intercourse or other sexual intimacy with a child younger than 15 years shall be subject to imprisonment for at least 1 year and up to 16 years.
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Cambodia|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Cambodia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.sfgate.com/2006-10-31/bay-area/17318180_1_san-francisco-police-phnom-penh-ramirez-s-death|title=SAN FRANCISCO / Questions linger over officer's death in Asia / Colleagues in S.F. recall he often traveled to region|date=31 October 2006|work=The San Francisco Chronicle|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2012-07-09|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120709232812/http://articles.sfgate.com/2006-10-31/bay-area/17318180_1_san-francisco-police-phnom-penh-ramirez-s-death}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ki-media.blogspot.com/2006/12/frenchman-2-cambodians-cleared-of.html|title=KI Media: Frenchman, 2 Cambodians Cleared of Debauchery|author=socheata|date=2 December 2006|publisher=Ki-media.blogspot.com|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.preda.org/main/archives/research/csa/r07031201.html|title=Preda Foundation, Inc. NEWS/ARTICLES: &quot;Germans, Americans and Cambodians sentenced in Global drive against child abuse&quot;|publisher=Preda.org|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118071842/http://www.preda.org/main/archives/research/csa/r07031201.html|archivedate=18 January 2011|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.irrawaddymedia.com/article.php?art_id=9333|title=Russian Businessman Accused of Abuse in Cambodia's Biggest Pedophilia Case|date=16 November 2007|publisher=Irrawaddymedia.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229232127/http://www.irrawaddymedia.com/article.php?art_id=9333|archive-date=29 February 2012|accessdate=11 April 2012|df=dmy-all|archivedate=29 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229232127/http://www.irrawaddymedia.com/article.php?art_id=9333}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.cdpcambodia.org/trafficking_law.asp {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903024138/http://www.cdpcambodia.org/trafficking_law.asp|date=3 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Equatorial Guinea|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Equatorial Guinea}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/af/135951.htm|title=2009 Human Rights Report|date=2010-03-11|publisher=State.gov|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323034724/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/af/135951.htm|archive-date=2010-03-23|accessdate=2014-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Papua New Guinea|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Papua New Guinea}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|12 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 17 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;sections 213 and 216 of the [http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/cc197494/ Criminal Code (1974)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050715053744/http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/cc197494/|date=15 July 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Georgia|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Georgia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.humanrights.ge/files/crcreport.pdf|title=Rights of the Child in Georgia|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307204223/http://www.humanrights.ge/files/crcreport.pdf|archivedate=7 March 2012|accessdate=2010-07-30|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Botswana|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Botswana}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sapst.org/botswana-raises-age-of-consent-to-18-years/|title=Botswana Raises Age Of Consent To 18 Years|date=|publisher=Sapst.org|accessdate=2019-04-16|archivedate=2019-04-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416142447/http://www.sapst.org/botswana-raises-age-of-consent-to-18-years/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Senegal|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Senegal}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.justice.gouv.sn/droitp/CODE%20PENAL.PDF|title=Sommaire|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102035104/http://www.justice.gouv.sn/droitp/CODE%20PENAL.PDF|archivedate=2013-11-02|accessdate=2014-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Zimbabwe|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Zimbabwe}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-33203462|title=Zimbabwe row over age of consent after Tomana's comments|date=19 June 2015|accessdate=26 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Republic of the Congo|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Republic of the Congo}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2011/af/186185.htm|title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices|date=|publisher=State.gov|accessdate=2014-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Jamaica|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Jamaica}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaJamaica.pdf|title=Microsoft Word - JAMAICA TEMPLATE START.doc|date=|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229152204/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaJamaica.pdf|archive-date=29 February 2008|accessdate=16 February 2011|archivedate=29 February 2008|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229152204/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaJamaica.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Namibia|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Namibia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || {{N/A}} || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaNamibia.pdf|title=Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children - Namibia|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229150736/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaNamibia.pdf|archive-date=2008-02-29|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2008-02-29|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229150736/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaNamibia.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Albania|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Albania}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1565/file/d46a10bcf55b80aae189eb6840b4.htm/preview|title=CRIMINAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613054559/http://legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1565/file/d46a10bcf55b80aae189eb6840b4.htm/preview|archivedate=2010-06-13|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Chad|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Chad}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://data.over-blog-kiwi.com/1/20/85/70/20170923/ob_d3b926_code-penal-2e-partie.pdf|title=Chad penal code}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Burkina Faso|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Burkina Faso}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|15 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://lesechosdufaso.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Code-p%C3%A9nal-nouveau.rtf|title=Penal Code of Burkina Faso (French)|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2021-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203153600/https://lesechosdufaso.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Code-p%C3%A9nal-nouveau.rtf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Mauritius|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Mauritius}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;[http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229152518/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaMauritius.pdf]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Mongolia|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Mongolia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaMongolia.pdf|title=Microsoft Word – MONGOLIA TEMPLATE START.doc|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229151944/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaMongolia.pdf|archive-date=2008-02-29|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2008-02-29|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229151944/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaMongolia.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Mali|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Mali}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.droit-afrique.com/upload/doc/mali/Mali-Code-2001-penal.pdf|title=Mali Penal Code (French text)|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2016-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526180846/http://www.droit-afrique.com/upload/doc/mali/Mali-Code-2001-penal.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Nicaragua|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Nicaragua}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/CRC.C.OPSC.NIC.1.doc|title=1040903|work=googleusercontent.com|url-status=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402081146/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/CRC.C.OPSC.NIC.1.doc|archivedate=2 April 2012|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Laos|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Laos}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;Joe Cummings, Andrew Burke. ''Lonely Planet Guide to Laos'', p. 256&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaLaos.pdf|title=Interpol: Laos|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229152549/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaLaos.pdf|archive-date=2008-02-29|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2008-02-29|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229152549/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaLaos.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|North Macedonia|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#North Macedonia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;https://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/8145/file/fYROM_CC_2009_am2018_en.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|South Sudan|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#South Sudan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://mirayafm.net/index.php/southsudan/7278-state-assembly-urged-to-decide-on-minimum-age-of-marriage|title=MP calls for legal minimum age of marriage|last=Machrine|first=Birungi|date=22 November 2011|newspaper=Radio Miraya|accessdate=21 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130222233819/http://mirayafm.net/index.php/southsudan/7278-state-assembly-urged-to-decide-on-minimum-age-of-marriage|archive-date=22 February 2013|quote=While the age of consent in South Sudan is 18,...|archivedate=22 February 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130222233819/http://mirayafm.net/index.php/southsudan/7278-state-assembly-urged-to-decide-on-minimum-age-of-marriage}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/Teachers-dismissed-over-schoolgirl,40897|title=Teachers dismissed over schoolgirl pregnancies in Rumbek|date=4 December 2011|newspaper=Sudan Tribune|accessdate=21 September 2012|quote=The legal age of consent in South Sudan in [sic] 18...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goss-online.org/magnoliaPublic/en/Laws--Legislation--Policies/mainColumnParagraphs/0/content_files/file12/15.pdf|title=The Penal Code Act, 2008|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://swap.stanford.edu/20130912135220/http://www.goss-online.org/magnoliaPublic/en/Laws--Legislation--Policies/mainColumnParagraphs/0/content_files/file12/15.pdf|archivedate=September 12, 2013|accessdate=August 22, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Armenia|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Armenia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;legislationline.org&quot;/&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Madagascar|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Madagascar}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 21 || 21
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/Legislation%20Per%20Country/madagascar/madagascar_penal_1972_fr.pdf|title=Droit francophone: Code Pénal du 17 juin 1972 mis à jour au 30 juin 1998}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Malta|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Malta}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;malta&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.justiceservices.gov.mt/DownloadDocument.aspx?app=lp&amp;itemid=29057&amp;l=1|title=Gender-Based Violence and Domestic Violence Act, 2018&quot;|publisher=Docs.justice.gov.mt|format=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;maltachapter9&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.justiceservices.gov.mt/DownloadDocument.aspx?app=lom&amp;itemid=8574|title=Criminal Code Chapter 9, 10 June 1854 - last amended III of 2004|publisher=Ministry for Justice, Culture and Local Government|format=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;attard&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.law.leiden.edu/general/img/Malta%20-%20Summary%20of%20legislation%202006_tcm19-55172.pdf|title=Summary of legislation implementing &quot;Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation&quot; with respect to sexual orientation in Malta|last=Attard|first=Christian|year=2005|publisher=Law.leiden.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://docs.justice.gov.mt/lom/legislation/english/leg/vol_2/chapt16.pdf|title=CHAPTER 16 CIVIL CODE|publisher=Docs.justice.gov.mt|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2009-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521011500/http://docs.justice.gov.mt/lom/legislation/english/leg/vol_2/chapt16.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Benin|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Benin}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 21 || 21
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://sexualrightsdatabase.org/countries/482/Benin|title=Sexual Rights Database|website=sexualrightsdatabase.org|access-date=2019-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Tajikistan|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Tajikistan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1707/file/207b8150765af2c85ad6f5bb8a44.htm/preview|title=Tajikistan Criminal Code|publisher=Legislationline.org|accessdate=11 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Haiti|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Haiti}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/wha/136116.htm|title=2009 Human Rights Report: Haiti|date=11 March 2010|publisher=State.gov|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217115746/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/wha/136116.htm|archivedate=17 February 2011|accessdate=16 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Bahamas|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Bahamas}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://laws.bahamas.gov.bs/Statutes/statute_CHAPTER_99.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011230829/http://laws.bahamas.gov.bs/Statutes/statute_CHAPTER_99.html|url-status=dead|title=Art. 16|archivedate=October 11, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Niger|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Niger}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|13 || 13 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 21 || 21 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ageofconsent.net/world/niger|title=Niger Age of Consent &amp; Statutory Rape Laws|website=www.ageofconsent.net|language=en|accessdate=14 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Moldova|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Moldova}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;legislationline.org&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Rwanda|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Rwanda}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;interpol-sexoffences&quot;/&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Kyrgyzstan|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Kyrgyzstan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ageofconsent.net/world/kyrgyzstan|title=Kyrgyzstan Age of Consent &amp; Statutory Rape Laws|website=www.ageofconsent.net|language=en|accessdate=16 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Kosovo|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Kosovo}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly-kosova.org/common/docs/ligjet/Criminal%20Code.pdf|title=Criminal Code Of The Republic Of Kosovo|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115712/http://www.assembly-kosova.org/common/docs/ligjet/Criminal%20Code.pdf|archivedate=4 March 2016|accessdate=2015-08-18|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Monaco|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Monaco}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaMonaco.pdf|title=Internet / Home - INTERPOL|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229151443/http%3A//www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaMonaco.pdf|archive-date=2008-02-29|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2008-02-29|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229151443/http%3A//www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaMonaco.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Guinea|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Guinea}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44a3eb9a4.pdf|title=Guinea penal code (French text)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Liechtenstein|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Liechtenstein}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/CRC/docs/study/responses/Liechtenstein.pdf|title=Microsoft Word - Liechtenstein.doc|date=|accessdate=2014-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Malawi|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Malawi}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2014/may/21/malawi-women-marriage-child-pregnancy|title=Parents before they are grown-up: child marriage in Malawi|accessdate=20 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Bermuda|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Bermuda}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://caribbean.unwomen.org/en/caribbean-gbv-law-portal/country-resources/british-virgin-islands|title=Caribbean GBV Law Portal: Country Resources: British Virgin Islands - UN Women – Multi-Country Office – Caribbean|work=Field Office Caribbean|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311012926/http://caribbean.unwomen.org/en/caribbean-gbv-law-portal/country-resources/british-virgin-islands|archivedate=11 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Suriname|plink=Ages of consent in South America#Suriname}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:YellowGreen&quot;|[[Ages of consent in South America|South America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/wha/154520.htm|title=Suriname|website=U.S. Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Mauritania|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Mauritania}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;https://www.africanchildinfo.net/clr/Harmonisation%20of%20Laws%20in%20Africa/other-documents-harmonisation_7_en.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Timor-Leste|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Timor-Leste}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id%3D243617|title=WIPO Intellectual Property Laws and Treaties Database (WIPO Lex)|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065054/http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=243617|archivedate=4 March 2016|accessdate=2015-05-20|df=dmy}} ([[WIPO Lex]])&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Sierra Leone|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Sierra Leone}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm#wrapper|title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012|date=|publisher=State.gov|accessdate=2014-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Montenegro|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Montenegro}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/4168/preview|title=Legislationline|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Togo|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Togo}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://sexualrightsdatabase.org/countries/472/Togo|title=Sexual Rights Database|website=sexualrightsdatabase.org|access-date=2019-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Fiji|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Fiji}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Eswatini|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Swaziland}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://genderlinks.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/GBV_Eswatini_SexualOffencesandDomesticViolenceAct_2018.pdf |accessdate=2020-05-28 |archivedate=2021-06-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212234/http://genderlinks.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/GBV_Eswatini_SexualOffencesandDomesticViolenceAct_2018.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;/&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Barbados|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Barbados}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/CsaBarbados.pdf|title=Microsoft Word - Barbados template start.doc|date=|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229151939/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/CsaBarbados.pdf|archive-date=29 February 2008|accessdate=16 February 2011|archivedate=29 February 2008|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229151939/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/CsaBarbados.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Eritrea|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Eritrea}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/101051/121587/F567697075/ERI101051%20Eng.pdf|title=2015 penal code English translation}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Andorra|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Andorra}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;https://sherloc.unodc.org/res/cld/document/codi_penal_andorra_as_of_2014_html/Andorra_codi_penal_as_of_2014.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203330/https://sherloc.unodc.org/res/cld/document/codi_penal_andorra_as_of_2014_html/Andorra_codi_penal_as_of_2014.pdf |date=2019-12-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Curaçao|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Curaçao}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;decentrale.regelgeving.overheid.nl&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://decentrale.regelgeving.overheid.nl/cvdr/XHTMLoutput/Historie/Nederlandse%20Antillen/2364/2364_1.html|title=Wetboek van de Nederlandse Antillen|publisher=[[Cabinet of the Netherlands|Government of the Netherlands]]|language=Dutch|accessdate=24 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Guyana|plink=Ages of consent in South America#Guyana}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:YellowGreen&quot;|[[Ages of consent in South America|South America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,FREEHOU,,GUY,,4738691564,0.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://wiig.wordpress.com/2005/10/28/national-assembly-fixes-age-of-consent-at-16/|title=National Assembly fixes age of consent at 16|date=October 28, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/acdi-cida/acdi-cida.nsf/eng/EMA-218121448-P6L {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811072509/http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/acdi-cida/acdi-cida.nsf/eng/EMA-218121448-P6L |date=2014-08-11 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://typo3.lsvd.de/fileadmin/pics/Dokumente/Homosexualitaet/With_the_government_in_our_bedrooms_-_November_2006.pdf|title=November 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821024746/http://typo3.lsvd.de/fileadmin/pics/Dokumente/Homosexualitaet/With_the_government_in_our_bedrooms_-_November_2006.pdf|archive-date=2010-08-21|access-date=2007-09-27|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2010-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821024746/http://typo3.lsvd.de/fileadmin/pics/Dokumente/Homosexualitaet/With_the_government_in_our_bedrooms_-_November_2006.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Maldives|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Maldives}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 9 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Burundi|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Burundi}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;avert1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.avert.org/age-of-consent.htm|title=Age of Sexual Consent|date=|publisher=AVERT|accessdate=2014-02-19|archivedate=2015-10-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015200317/http://www.avert.org/age-of-consent.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com.au/news?hl=en&amp;q=Burundi%20homosexuality&amp;um=1&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;sa=N&amp;tab=wn|title=Burundi homosexuality|date=|accessdate=2014-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Aruba|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Aruba}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.overheid.aw/document.php?m=25&amp;fileid=16304&amp;f=67909eb151040dd6cf5b0f634d5cdde6&amp;attachment=0&amp;c=22925|title=Wetboek van Strafrecht van Aruba
|publisher=[[Government of Aruba]]|language=Dutch|accessdate=25 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Liberia|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Liberia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;http://www.icla.up.ac.za/images/un/use-of-force/africa/Liberia/Penal%20Code%20Liberia%201978.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216173449/http://www.icla.up.ac.za/images/un/use-of-force/africa/Liberia/Penal%20Code%20Liberia%201978.pdf |date=2019-12-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/article.cfm?id=3463&amp;cat=special-report|title=Shattered Lives: Liberia|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730092246/http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/article.cfm?id=3463&amp;cat=special-report|archivedate=July 30, 2010|accessdate=September 11, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt3/sayi13kadinsayisipdf/lieblingkalifani_helen.pdf|title=Women War Survivors of Sexual Violence in Liberia|publisher=Sosyalarastirmalar.com|accessdate=2014-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Lesotho|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Lesotho}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/ls/ls022en.pdf|title=Lesotho Penal Code 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Bhutan|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Bhutan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.judiciary.gov.bt/html/act/PENAL%20CODE.pdf|title=Penal Conde of Bhutan|publisher=Government of Bhutan|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706163637/http://www.judiciary.gov.bt/html/act/PENAL%20CODE.pdf|archivedate=6 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Cape Verde|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Cape Verde}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/text/206287|title=WIPOLex|website=wipolex.wipo.int|access-date=2019-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|San Marino|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#San Marino}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/898586b1dc7b4043c1256a450044f331/1bdcfbc31d86f66bc1256da600366876/$FILE/G0340784.pdf|title=unhchr.ch - unhchr Resources and Information.|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRC/Documents/Written%20Replies/wr-sanmarino-1.pdf|title=WRITTEN REPLIES BY THE GOVERNMENT OF SAN MARINO CONCERNING THE LIST OF ISSUES (CRC/C/Q/SMR/1) RECEIVED BY THE COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD RELATING TO THE CONSIDERATION OF THE INITIAL REPORT OF SAN MARINO (CRC/C/8/Add.46)|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064835/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRC/Documents/Written%20Replies/wr-sanmarino-1.pdf|archivedate=4 March 2016|accessdate=2010-09-16|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Central African Republic|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Central African Republic}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://acjr.org.za/resource-centre/penal-code-of-the-central-african-republic-2010/view|title=Penal Code of the Central African Republic (2010) — Africa Criminal Justice Reform (ACJR)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Belize|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Belize}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;belize2013&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://d02044893.brinkster.net/belizecan/PDF/BILL101/Criminal_Code_(Amendment)_(No._2)_Bill,_2013.pdf|title=Criminal Code (Amendment) (No. 2) Bill, 2013|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920141137/http://d02044893.brinkster.net/belizecan/PDF/BILL101/Criminal_Code_(Amendment)_(No._2)_Bill,_2013.pdf|archivedate=20 September 2016|accessdate=20 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;autogeneratedcc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.oas.org/juridico/MLA/en/blz/en_blz-int-text-cc.pdf|title=CAP 101 CRIMINAL CODE ACT|date=|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516160203/http://www.oas.org/JURIDICO/MLA/en/blz/en_blz-int-text-cc.pdf|archivedate=16 May 2011|accessdate=16 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Djibouti|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Djibouti}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|15 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/51cc2bfa4.html|title=Djibouti: Forced marriage|date=4 March 2013|work=Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Seychelles|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Seychelles}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://greybook.seylii.org/w/se/CAP158#!fragment/zoupio-_Toc384202773/BQCwhgziBcwMYgK4DsDWszIQewE4BUBTADwBdoAvbRABwEtsBaAfX2zgGYAOAFgCYADHwDswjgEoANMmylCEAIqJCuAJ7QA5BskQ4ubABsDAYSRpoAQmQ7CYXAiUr1Wm3YQBlPKQBC6gEoAogAyAQBqAIIAcsYBkqRgAEbQpOzi4kA|title=SeyLII &amp;#124; Penal Code|website=greybook.seylii.org|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2020-11-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127110715/https://greybook.seylii.org/w/se/CAP158#!fragment/zoupio-_Toc384202773/BQCwhgziBcwMYgK4DsDWszIQewE4BUBTADwBdoAvbRABwEtsBaAfX2zgGYAOAFgCYADHwDswjgEoANMmylCEAIqJCuAJ7QA5BskQ4ubABsDAYSRpoAQmQ7CYXAiUr1Wm3YQBlPKQBC6gEoAogAyAQBqAIIAcsYBkqRgAEbQpOzi4kA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Saint Lucia|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Saint Lucia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/wha/136125.htm|title=2009 Human Rights Report: Saint Lucia|date=11 March 2010|publisher=State.gov|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228145645/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/wha/136125.htm|archivedate=28 February 2011|accessdate=16 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Somalia|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Somalia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;Frspc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf|title=The Federal Republic of Somalia - Provisional Constitution|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf|archivedate=24 January 2013|accessdate=13 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Iaoc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.endangeredchildren.org/PDF/Age-of-Consent.pdf|title=Age of Consent|publisher=IACAC|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320065818/http://www.endangeredchildren.org/PDF/Age-of-Consent.pdf|archivedate=20 March 2014|accessdate=23 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Antigua and Barbuda|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Antigua and Barbuda}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;Murdoch2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.stlucianewsonline.com/caribbean-magistrate-says-do-not-tolerate-pre-consent-aged-teens-having-sex/|title=CARIBBEAN: Magistrate says do not tolerate pre-consent aged teens having sex|last=Murdoch|first=Kieron|date=March 13, 2017|work=St. Lucia News Online|access-date=2018-08-22|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2019-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401100855/https://www.stlucianewsonline.com/caribbean-magistrate-says-do-not-tolerate-pre-consent-aged-teens-having-sex/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Guinea-Bissau|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Guinea-Bissau}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/af/135958.htm|title=2009 Human Rights Report: Guinea-Bissau|date=2010-03-11|publisher=State.gov|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324230021/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/af/135958.htm|archive-date=2010-03-24|accessdate=2014-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Gambia|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Gambia}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://sexualrightsdatabase.org/static/country-447.html#Age%20of%20sexual%20consent%20-%20different%20sex|title=Gambia|website=sexualrightsdatabase.org|access-date=2019-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Samoa|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Samoa}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left|&lt;ref name=&quot;palemene.ws&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/93579/124323/F-1523655815/WSM93579%202015.pdf|title= Samoa Crimes Act 2013|website = International Labour Organization}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Vanuatu|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Vanuatu}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://vanuatucorrectionalservices.gov.vu/legislation.html|title=Legislation|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135705/http://vanuatucorrectionalservices.gov.vu/legislation.html|archivedate=4 March 2016|accessdate=2015-11-11|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ilga.org/statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2009.pdf|title=State-sponsored Homophobia|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029181019/http://www.ilga.org/statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2009.pdf|archivedate=29 October 2009|accessdate=2009-05-19|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Comoros|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Comoros}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.icla.up.ac.za/images/un/use-of-force/africa/Comoros/Penal%20Code%20Comoros%201981.pdf|title=Comoros Penal code (PDF)|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2019-12-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203330/http://www.icla.up.ac.za/images/un/use-of-force/africa/Comoros/Penal%20Code%20Comoros%201981.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Dominica|plink=Ages of consent in North America#Dominica}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightPink&quot;|[[Ages of consent in North America|North America]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaDominica.pdf|title=Internet / Home - INTERPOL|work=interpol.int|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229152223/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaDominica.pdf|archive-date=29 February 2008|accessdate=28 May 2020|archivedate=29 February 2008|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080229152223/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaDominica.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|São Tomé and Príncipe|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 14 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.telanon.info/suplemento/opiniao/2013/05/16/13197/as-novidades-do-novo-codigo-penal/|title=AS NOVIDADES DO NOVO CODIGO PENAL|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009081538/http://www.telanon.info/suplemento/opiniao/2013/05/16/13197/as-novidades-do-novo-codigo-penal/|archivedate=2016-10-09|accessdate=2015-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Kiribati|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Kiribati}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 18 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.paclii.org/ki/legis/consol_act/pc66/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428161327/http://www.paclii.org/ki/legis/consol_act/pc66/|url-status=dead|title=Penal Code|archivedate=April 28, 2016|website=www.paclii.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Tuvalu|plink=Ages of consent in Oceania#Tuvalu}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:DarkSalmon&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Oceania|Oceania]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 18 || 18 || 18 || 18
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/legis/consol_act/pc66/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173229/http://www.paclii.org/tv/legis/consol_act/pc66/|url-status=dead|title=Penal Code|archivedate=March 3, 2016|website=www.paclii.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Syria|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Syria}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.moj.gov.sy/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=11: 2013-10-01-20-45-36|title=قانون العقوبات السوري|website=www.moj.gov.sy|access-date=2019-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Taiwan|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Taiwan}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || 16 || 16
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;ROC Criminal Law, Article 227, 227–1 229–1&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Vatican City|plink=Ages of consent in Europe#Vatican City}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:LightBlue&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Europe|Europe]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 14 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{CCC|2353}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/dam/vaticanstate/documenti/leggi-e-decreti/Normative-Penali-e-Amministrative/Law%20N.%20VIII%20-%20Supplementary%20Norms%20on%20Criminal%20Law.pdf LAW N. VIII: SUPPLEMENTARY NORMS ON CRIMINAL LAW MATTERS] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805202456/http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/dam/vaticanstate/documenti/leggi-e-decreti/Normative-Penali-e-Amministrative/Law%20N.%20VIII%20-%20Supplementary%20Norms%20on%20Criminal%20Law.pdf|date=5 August 2016}} vaticanstate.va&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3Y.HTM|title=Code of Canon Law - IntraText|date=|publisher=Vatican.va|accessdate=2019-06-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Gaza Strip|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Palestinian Territories}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|Yes
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 15 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://corpus.learningpartnership.org/jordanian-penal-code-no-16-of-1960-selected-provisions-relating-to-women-2-title-vii-offences-against-public-ethics-and-morality-chapter-i-offences-against-honour|title=Jordanian Penal Code No.16 of 1960 (selected provisions relating to women) – 2: Title VII – Offences against Public Ethics and Morality – Chapter I – Offences against Honour|website=Corpus of Laws|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110225449/http://corpus.learningpartnership.org/jordanian-penal-code-no-16-of-1960-selected-provisions-relating-to-women-2-title-vii-offences-against-public-ethics-and-morality-chapter-i-offences-against-honour|archive-date=10 November 2017|accessdate=11 November 2017|df=dmy-all|archivedate=10 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110225449/http://corpus.learningpartnership.org/jordanian-penal-code-no-16-of-1960-selected-provisions-relating-to-women-2-title-vii-offences-against-public-ethics-and-morality-chapter-i-offences-against-honour}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|West Bank|plink=Ages of consent in Asia#Palestinian Territories}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Asia|Asia]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 16 || 16 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/265701032/Jordan-Penal-Code-1960|title=Jordan Penal Code (1960)|website=Scribd|publisher=Social Media Exchange Association|accessdate=10 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=left|{{flagg|pspew|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|plink=Ages of consent in Africa#Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}
|align=center style=&quot;background:Tan&quot;|[[Ages of consent in Africa|Africa]]
|align=center|No
|{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|align=left style=&quot;width:12em&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001318282/the-ages-of-sexual-consent-in-different-countries|title=The ages of sexual consent in different countries|first=Standard|last=Reporter|website=The Standard}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Human sexuality|Law|LGBT}}
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Age of consent]]
**[[Ages of consent in Africa]]
**[[Ages of consent in Asia]]
**[[Ages of consent in Europe]]
**[[Ages of consent in North America]]
***[[Ages of consent in the United States]]
**[[Ages of consent in Oceania]]
**[[Ages of consent in South America]]
***[[Age of consent in Brazil]]
*[[Age of consent reform]]
**[[Age of consent reform in Canada]]
**[[Age of consent reform in the United Kingdom]]
**[[Age of Consent Act, 1891]]
** [[French petition against age of consent laws]]
* [[Youth]]
** [[Youth suffrage]]
** [[Youth rights]]
* [[Legal age]]
** [[Age of majority]]
** [[Age of reason (canon law)]]
** [[Age of accountability]]
** [[Mature minor doctrine]]
** [[Emancipation of minors]]
** [[Fitness to plead]], ''law of England and Wales''
** [[Minors and abortion]]
** [[Convention on the Rights of the Child]]
* ''[[Sexual Morality and the Law]]''
** [[Child sexual abuse]]
** [[Sex-positive movement]]
** [[Age disparity in sexual relationships]]
** [[Comprehensive sex education]]
** [[Adult film industry regulations]]
** [[Sodomy law]]
** ''[[The Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon]]''
{{Div col end}}

== References ==
&lt;!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --&gt;
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Sex laws]]
[[Category:Sexuality]]
[[Category:Adolescence by country]]</text>
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    <title>ပလံင် (ဂကူ)</title>
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      <text bytes="9171" sha1="akf1mqcvkj58wb00ya17l92nh7ohrs3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
|group      = ပလံင်&lt;br /&gt;တအင်
|image      = Palaung Woman Kalaw Shan Myanmar.jpg
|flag       = [[File:Flag of the Palaung people.svg|90px]]
|caption    = A Ta'ang tribal woman near Kalaw, [[Shan State]], [[Burma]]
|population = 557,000 (est.)
|popplace   = [[Burma]], smaller populations in [[Yunnan, China]] and Thailand
|langs      = [[Palaung language|Ta'ang]]
|rels       = [[Theravada Buddhism]]
|related    = 
}}
[[File:Palaung depiction, 1900s.jpg|thumb|A Burmese depiction of the Palaung in the early 1900s.]]
ဂကူ '''ပလံင်''' ({{lang-en|Palaung}}, {{lang-my|ပလောင် လူမျိုး}} {{IPA-my|pəlàʊɰ̃ lùmjó|}}; Thai: ปะหล่อง လဆောဝ် ချူ ဗတ်အင်္ဂလိက် '''Benglong''' '''Palong''') ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး  '''တအင်''' ဂှ် ဒှ် ဂကူ မလုပ်လၟိဟ် ပ္ဍဲဂကောံဂကောံသြသတြောအေရှတေစ် ပဒတဴဒၟံင် ပ္ဍဲ သဟရးဗၟာ မ္ဂး တွဵုရးသေံဇၞော်၊ ပ္ဍဲရးစိန် (ကြုက်) မ္ဂး ရးယူနာန်၊ ရးမရာဇ်သေံ မ္ဂး သကုတ်သၟဝ်ကျာ။ ပ္ဍဲ ရးစိန် မ္ဂး ကော်စ '''De'ang''' ({{zh|c=[[wiktionary:德|德]][[wiktionary:昂|昂]][[wiktionary:族|族]]|p=Déángzú}} လဆောဝ် ချူ '''Deang''') ရ။

ဒၞာဲဒတန် ဂကူပလံင် (ဝါ) ဂကူတအင် မပဒတဴဂၠိုင်အိုတ်ဂှ် ပ္ဍဲဒေသပကင်ရင်အပိုင်ပလံင် ဍုင်ဇၞော် ဏာမ်သာန်၊ မနွံ ပ္ဍဲတွဵုရးသေံဇၞော် ရ။

ဒပ်ပၞာန်ဂကူပလံင် ဗတိုက်ဒၟံင် အလဵုအသဳဗၟာ သွက် ဂကူပလံင် ဂွံဗၠးၜး နူ သၞာံ ၁၉၆၃ တေအ်ရ။ စိုပ် သၞာံ ၁၉၉၁ ဂှ် ဒပ်လွပ်လွဟ်ဂကူပလံင် ဒေါအ်ပန်ပှ်ော ကုအလဵုအသဳဗၟာ၊ တုဲ ဒပ်တၟိ မကော်ဂး [[ဒပ်ပၞာန် ဗၠးၜး ဂကူတအင်]] ဂှ် လုပ်ဒၟံင် ပေါဲဗတိုက် ကုအလဵုအသဳဗၟာရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 August 2013 |title=Ta'ang army suspends talks with govt as clashes continue |url=https://www.dvb.no/news/taang-army-suspends-talks-with-govt-as-clashes-continue/31933 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803074157/http://dvb.no/news/taang-army-suspends-talks-with-govt-as-clashes-continue/31933 |archive-date=2014-08-03 |access-date=2014-03-23 |website=DVB |accessdate=2024-09-02 |archivedate=2014-08-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803074157/http://dvb.no/news/taang-army-suspends-talks-with-govt-as-clashes-continue/31933 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ပ္ဍဲဒေသ ဂကူပလံင်ဂှ် နကုအလဵုအသဳဗၟာကီု သီု ကုဂကောံလွပ်လွဟ်လ္ၚဵုတအ်ဂှ် ကၠောန်ပ္တိတ်ဒၟံင် ဘိင်တုဲ ပြသၞာ ညးဍုင်ကွာန် ဂကူပလံင် မစောဲ ဂဥုဲၜူမာဲဂှ် ဒးဆဵုဂဗဒၟံင် ဇၞော်ကုဒြဟတ်ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 December 2015 |title=Turning a new leaf? Ethnic rebels along Myanmar's rugged frontier help eradicate poppy fields |work=[[Fox News]] |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/03/20/turning-new-leaf-ethnic-rebels-along-myanmar-rugged-frontier-help-eradicate/ |url-status=live |access-date=2014-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421120101/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/03/20/turning-new-leaf-ethnic-rebels-along-myanmar-rugged-frontier-help-eradicate/ |archive-date=2015-04-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ဂကောံဂကူ==
[[File:Palaung woman.jpg|thumb|Palaung woman in British Burma.]]
ဂကူပလံင်ဂှ် နွံ ကုဂကူလစှ်ေ ပိ မကော်ဂး ဂကူပလေ (Palé)၊ ဂကူယှိုယ် (Shwe) ကောံ ကုဂကူရူမာဲ (Rumai)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Indigenous Palaung People |url=https://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Palaung |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=The Peoples of the World Foundation |accessdate=2024-09-02 |archivedate=2022-07-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706202959/https://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Palaung }}&lt;/ref&gt; ဂကူလစှ်ေပိဂှ် ပံင်ပ္ကောံတုဲ နကုအလဵုအသဳစိန် (ကြုက်) ကော်စ ဂကူဒေအင် (De'ang)၊ တုဲ နကုယၟုဏအ်ရ စၞးမကော် ဂကူပလံင်ဂှ် ညးတအ် ကော်စ ဂကူညးတအ် တအင်။ ဂကူဒနဝ် (Danau/Danaw) လေဝ် ပါလုပ် ပ္ဍဲဂကောံဂကူပလံင်ကီုရ။ 

==အရေဝ်==
ဂကူပလံင် (ဝါ) ဂကူတအင်ဂှ် ဟီုအရေဝ် သြသတြောအေရှတေစ်တုဲ သီုဖအိုတ် ဂကောံဂကူပလံင် နွံ ပိဂကူ ပလေ (ရူဆင်)၊ ရူမာဲ၊ ယှိုယ်။ 

== ဂမ္စာဲ==
ပ္ဍဲ ရးစိန် ဂကူတအင်တအ် ပဒတဴဒၟံင် ပ္ဍဲ ကွာန်ဂမၠိုင် မနွံ ပ္ဍဲပွိုင်ဍုင် ဇြေန်ကင် (Zhenkang County) ကု ပွိုင်ဍုင်ဂျေန်မာ (Gengma County)။&lt;ref name=&quot;Deang2009&quot;&gt;中国少数民族社会历史调查资料丛刊》修订编辑委员会. 2009. 德昂族社会历史调查, p. 94. Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe.&lt;/ref&gt; ဂကူတအင်ဂှ် လ္ၚဵုကော်စ လဴပုလဴ ''Laopulao'' (牢普劳) ပ္ဍဲ ရးဗၟာမ္ဂး နွံတြဴဂကူ။&lt;ref name=&quot;Deang2009&quot; /&gt;

*Dazhai Township (大寨乡), Muchang District (木厂区), Zhenkang County: Bangwa (邦娃) Dazhai (大寨), Xiazhai (下寨), Huoshishan (火石山), Laobandeng (老班登), Mahuangqing (蚂蟥箐) of Chaikao (柴考)
*Nansan Township (南伞乡), Pengmushan District (彭木山区), Zhenkang County: Xiaochanggou (销长沟), Beiyan (北岩)
*Hongmulin (红木林) and Manxing (曼兴) of Hewai District (河外区), Gengma County: Junnong (君弄), Mamao (马冒), Jinmo (金莫), Muyin (木因), Xungang (巡岗)

==စ္ၜောဲစ္ၜော်==
ဂကူတအင် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်ဂှ် ဒှ် ညးမရှ်ေသှ်ေ ထေရဝါဒဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာတုဲ ဇၟာပ်ဇၟာပ်ကွာန်တအင်ဂှ် နွံ ကုဘာလကျာ်ရ။ ကောန်င္ၚာ်ပေင်အာယုက် စှ်သၞာံမ္ဂး ပလံင်ဏာ ကဵုပထပိုယ် သွက်ဂွံ ကတ်လိက်၊ ပထပိုယ် ပယျင်တုဲ ရာံတိတ် မံင်ဘဝခရှ်ဂၠိုင်ရ။ 

ဂကူရိင် (Riang) မွဲဂကူရ ဟွံလုပ် ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာတုဲ၊ ဂကူဏအ် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်ဂှ် ဒှ် ညးမရှ်ေသှ်ေ ကလော် (Animism)အိုတ်ရ။


==ဆက်လ္ၚတ်==
*Palaung Women's Organisation. (2006). ''Poisoned Flowers: The Impacts of Spiralling Drug Addiction on Palaung Women in Burma''. Tak, Maesot, Thailand: Palaung Women's Organisation.
*Ashley, S. (2006). ''Exorcising with Buddha Palaung Buddhism in Northern Thailand''. Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. {{ISBN|0-494-03309-6}}
*Howard, M. C., &amp; Wattana Wattanapun. (2001). ''The Palaung in Northern Thailand''. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books. {{ISBN|974-88325-1-1}}
*Cameron, A. A. (1912). ''Notes on the Palaung of the Kodaung Hill Tracts of Mong Mit State''. Rangoon: Govt. Printer.
*[[Mrs. Leslie Milne|Milne, Mrs. Leslie]]. (1924). ''The Home of an Eastern Clan: A Study of the Palaungs of the Shan State.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.

==ဗီုရုပ်ဂမၠိုင်==
{{Gallery
 |title= Palaung village near [[Kyaukme, Shan State]], Burma
 |width= 200 | height= 125
 |align=center
 |footer=
 |File:Palaung_village_near_Kyaukme,_Myanmar_(2017).jpg
 |alt1=

| |File:Palaung_village_house_interior_near_Kyaukme,_Myanmar_(2017).jpg
 |alt2=

| |File:Palaung_village_children_near_Kyaukme,_Myanmar_2_(2017).jpg
 |alt3=

| |File:Palaung_village_children_near_Kyaukme,_Myanmar_1_(2017).jpg
 |alt4=

| |File:Palaung_village_near_Kyaukme,_Myanmar_1_(2017).jpg
 |alt5=

|}}

==နိဿဲ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <text bytes="7329" sha1="kx5sq99xvhgad1zx31u2wex6aqbm5xe" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox organization
| name = ဂကောံမင်မွဲအာဲကၟာဲလိက်ပတ်မန်
| native_name = The Mon Language Preservation Organization (MLPO)
| type = [[ဂကောံဟွံပတုပ်ဖိုလ်]] (Non-profit organization 501(c)(3))
| purpose = မင်မွဲ ကေုာံ ဇၞော်မောဝ် လိက်ပတ်မန်
| formation = ၂၀၀၅ (နဒဒှ် MLRC-USA), ၂၀၁၅ (နဒဒှ် MLPO)
| headquarters = Fort Wayne, Indiana, ကၟိန်ဍုင်အမေရိကာန်
| leader_title = ညးစၞောန်ပရဝ်ဂျေတ်
| leader_name = နာဲသက်လောန် (Nai Sac Lun)
| website = [https://www.mlpo.org/ www.mlpo.org]
}}

'''ဂကောံမင်မွဲအာဲကၟာဲလိက်ပတ်မန်''' (အင်္ဂလိက်: ''The Mon Language Preservation Organization'', ဗွဲခမၞန် '''MLPO''') ဟီုမ္ဂးဂှ် ဒှ်ဂကောံဟွံပတုပ်ဖိုလ် (Non-profit organization) မတန်တဴ ပ္ဍဲကၟိန်ဍုင်အမေရိကာန်တုဲ၊ တင်ရန်တၟအ်အဓိကဂှ် သွက်ဂွံမင်မွဲ၊ သုတေသန ကေုာံ ဇၞော်မောဝ်ပတိုန် အာဲကၟာဲလိက်ပတ်မန် ကေုာံ အရေဝ်ဘာသာမန်ရ။ မုက်ဝက်ဘ်သာ် '''mlpo.org''' ဝွံ ဒှ်ဗဟဵုတင်ဂၞင် အဓိက သွက်ဂွံတြးပတိတ် လိက်ပတ်မန်တြေံ၊ လိက်ကၠာဲဘာသာ ကေုာံ အဘိဓာန်ဂမၠိုင် သွက်ကောန်ဂကူမန် အလုံဂၠးကဝ်ရ။

== ဝင် ကေုာံ ပရေင်ဇၞော်မောဝ် ==
ဂကောံ MLPO ဝွံ စတင်ခၞံဗဒှ်လဝ် နူကဵု ဂကောံသုတေသနလိက်ပတ်မန် (Mon Literature Research Center - MLRC-USA) မစပတန်လဝ် ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၂၀၀၅ နကဵု နာဲသက်လောန် (Nai Sac Lun) ကေုာံ ကောန်ဂကူမန် ပ္ဍဲအမေရိကာန်ဂမၠိုင်ရ။ 

လက္ကရဴဏအ် ပ္ဍဲစၟတ်တ္ၚဲ ဇာန်နဝါရဳ ၆၊ သၞာံ ၂၀၁၅ ဂှ်၊ အလဵုအသဳအမေရိကာန် (IRS) ပစၟတ်သမ္တီကဵု နဒဒှ် ဂကောံဟွံပတုပ်ဖိုလ် ကဆံင် 501(c)(3) တုဲ ပြံင်လှာဲယၟု နဒဒှ် '''The Mon Language Preservation Organization (MLPO)''' ရ။

== တင်ရန်တၟအ် ကေုာံ ကမၠောန်အဓိကဂမၠိုင် ==
အလိုက်အစဳအဇန် ဂကောံ MLPO မ္ဂး ညးတအ် ရန်တၟအ်လဝ် ကမၠောန်သုတေသန ကေုာံ ပရေင်ပညာ ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်ရ -
* ပွမသုတေသန ကေုာံ တက်ပတိတ် လိက်ပတ်မန်တြေံ (ဥပမာ - ဇာတ် ၅၅၀) ညံင်ဟွံဂွံကၠေအ်ကၠက်။
* ပွမချူ ကေုာံ ပကောံပကေဝ် အဘိဓာန်မန်-ဗၟာ ကေုာံ လိက်သဒ္ဒါမန်ဂမၠိုင်။
* ပွမကၠာဲစၠောအ် လိက်ပရေင်ထတ်ယုက် နူဘာသာအင်္ဂလိက် ဇရေင် ဘာသာမန် ညံင်ဂကူမန်တအ် ဂွံလ္ၚတ်မာန်။
* ဖန်ဗဒှ် လိက်ဗ္တောန် သွက်ကွးဘာမန်ဂမၠိုင်။

== ကဏ္ဍအဓိက ပ္ဍဲဝက်ဘ်သာ် (mlpo.org) ==
ပ္ဍဲကဵု မုက်ဝက်ဘ်သာ်ဏအ် ပါ်ခြာလဝ် ကဏ္ဍလ္ၚတ်ပညာ အဓိကဂမၠိုင် အတိုင်ဗွဲသၟဝ်ဏအ်ရ -

=== ၁. လ္ၚတ်လိက်ပတ်မန် (Classical Mon Literature) ===
ဒှ်ကဏ္ဍမပကောံလဝ် လိက်ပတ်မန်တြေံဂမၠိုင် ဗွဲတၟေင် '''ဇာတ် ၅၅၀''' (ဥပမာ - သကုနဂ္ဃိဇာတ်၊ သေရိဝဝါဏိဇဇာတ်) မဒှ်မူလိက် ကျာ်ဇၞော်အစာတၠအစွောအ်ရ။ တၠပညာတအ် ကလေင်ရိုက်စုတ် နကဵုကောမ်ပျူတာ ညံင်ညးလ္ၚတ်တအ် ဂွံဗှ်လောဲသွာရ။

=== ၂. ကဏ္ဍကၠာဲဘာသာ ကေုာံ ပရေင်ထတ်ယုက် (Translation &amp; Health) ===
MLPO ဝွံ ဂွံအခေါင် နူကဵု ဂကောံ Hesperian Foundation တုဲ ကၠာဲစၠောအ်လဝ် လိက်ကၞပ်ပရေင်ထတ်ယုက် မကိစ္စဇၞော် ညံင်ရဴ '''&quot;Where Women Have No Doctor&quot;''' (မၞိဟ်ဗြဴဗြဴပ္ဍဲဌာန်ဟွံမွဲကဵုအစာသဝ်) နကဵုဘာသာမန်ရ။ ဍေဟ်ဝွံ ဒှ်အရီုအဗင် ဗွဲမဇၞော် သွက်ပရေင်ထတ်ယုက် ညးဗြဴမန် ပ္ဍဲဒေသရးဂမၠိုင်ရ။

=== ၃. အဘိဓာန် ကေုာံ သဒ္ဒါ (Dictionaries and Grammar) ===
ပ္ဍဲမုက်လိက်ဏအ် လိက်အဘိဓာန် ကိစ္စဇၞော် ညံင်ရဴ '''အဘိဓာန်မန်ဗၟာ''' ဂှ် စုတ်လဝ် နကဵု PDF သွက်ညးလ္ၚတ်တအ် ဂွံလုပ်ဗှ် ကေုာံ သုင်စောဲရ။ တုဲပၠန် သီုနွံကဵု လိက်သဒ္ဒါအင်္ဂလိက် မကလးလဝ် နကဵုဘာသာမန်ရ။

=== ၄. လိက်ပရေင်ဂမၠိုင် (Articles) ===
ဒှ်ကဏ္ဍမပကောံလဝ် လိက်ပရေင် သုတေသန ကေုာံ ပရေင်ဂကူမန် မချူလဝ် နကဵု တၠပညာမန် ညံင်ရဴ '''နာဲတိုင်ထဝ်''' ကေုာံ '''နာဲသက်လောန်''' တအ်ရ။

== နိဿဲ ==
* The Mon Language Preservation Organization. (n.d.). ''The Formation of MLPO''. [https://www.mlpo.org/home/english-language-section/the-formation-of-mlpo/ mlpo.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260420123111/https://www.mlpo.org/home/english-language-section/the-formation-of-mlpo/ |date=2026-04-20 }}
* မုက်ဝက်ဘ်သာ် MLPO အဓိက [https://www.mlpo.org mlpo.org]

[[Category:ဂကောံမန်ဂမၠိုင်]]
[[Category:လိက်ပတ်မန်]]
[[Category:ဝက်ဘ်သာ်]]
[[Category:သုတေသန]]</text>
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|image = N Ipoa D1600.JPG
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref =&lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 19 November 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=Gupta, A.K. |author2=Sayer, C. |date=2018 |title=''Ipomoea aquatica'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T168908A120145878 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T168908A120145878.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|genus = Ipomoea
|species = aquatica
|authority = [[Peter Forsskål|Forssk.]]
}}

'''''ဝုန်''''', ( '''water spinach''') ဂှ် ဒှ် သၞေဝ် ဂကူတၞံဍာ် ပ္ဍဲ ဒေသဂမ္တဴရ။ တမ်မူလ တၞံဝုန်ဂှ် ပတှ်ေကေတ် စတိုန် ပ္ဍဲ အာသျှအဂၞဲ၊ တုဲ ပ္ဍဲ အာသျှအဂၞဲ၊ အာသျှဗမံက်ကီု သီု အာသျှသၠုင်ကျာဂှ် တဵုလွဳဒၟံင် ဗွဲမဇၞော် ကုဒြဟတ်ရ။ တၞံဝုန်ဂှ် တိုန် ဒၞာဲမကြပ်ညောန် ကုဍာ်တုဲ ဟွံမဲပၟိက် ပွမဒးလွဳလွတ်ရ။&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

==လက်သန်==
''ဝုန်'' တိုန် ပ္ဍဲဍာ် ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး တိထၞုက်။ တၞံဍေဟ် နွံ ဇမၠိင် ၜိုတ်{{convert|2|-|3|m|ft|sigfig=1}}၊ ရိုဟ် တိတ် ပ္ဍဲ တင်ဂမၠိုင်ရ။  The hollow cavity within the stem makes the plant buoyant. The leaves vary from typically sagittate (arrowhead-shaped) to [[lanceolate]], {{convert|5|-|15|cm|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|2|-|8|cm|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} broad. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, {{convert|3|-|5|cm|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} in diameter, and usually white in colour with a mauve centre. Propagation is either by planting cuttings of the stem shoots, which will root along nodes, or by planting the seeds from flowers that produce seed pods.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.curiousgardener.com/2011/09/15/the-new-kangkong-experiment/|title=Growing kangkong in water |work=curiousgardener.com|date=15 September 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.kangkungking.com/2009/01/how-to-harvest-kang-kung-kong-seeds.html |title=Kangkungking.com |publisher=Kangkungking.com |access-date=13 January 2014 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120210321/http://www.kangkungking.com/2009/01/how-to-harvest-kang-kung-kong-seeds.html |archive-date=20 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Uses ==
=== Culinary ===
The vegetable is a common ingredient in East, South and Southeast Asian dishes, such as in [[stir-fried water spinach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Water spinach and coconut stir-fry (kankun mallung) |date=23 July 2013 |publisher=[[SBS Food]] |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/food/recipes/water-spinach-and-coconut-stir-fry-kankun-mallung}}&lt;/ref&gt; In [[Singapore]], [[Indonesia]], and [[Malaysia]], the tender shoots along with the leaves are usually [[stir frying|stir-fried]] with [[chili pepper]], [[garlic]], [[ginger]], dried [[shrimp paste]] (''[[belacan]]''/''[[terasi]]'') and other [[spice]]s. In [[Penang]] and [[Ipoh]], it is cooked with [[cuttlefish]] and a sweet and spicy sauce. Also known as {{Lang|nan-latn|eng chhai}} in the Hokkien dialect, it can also be boiled with preserved cuttlefish, then rinsed and mixed with spicy {{Lang|nan-latn|rojak}} paste to become {{Lang|nan-latn|jiu hu eng chhai}}. Boiled {{Lang|nan-latn|eng chhai}} also can be served with fermented krill noodles – {{Lang|nan-latn|belacan bihun}} – and prawn mi.&lt;ref name=&quot;seasiafood&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.seasiafood.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/prawn-noodle-300x224.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617134709/http://www.seasiafood.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/prawn-noodle-300x224.jpg |archive-date=17 June 2015 |accessdate=11 August 2026 |archivedate=17 June 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617134709/http://www.seasiafood.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/prawn-noodle-300x224.jpg }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In [[Burmese cuisine]], water spinach is the primary ingredient in a [[Burmese salads|Burmese salad]] called {{Lang|my-latn|gazun ywet thoke}} ({{lang|my|ကန်စွန်းရွက်သုပ်}}), made with blanched water spinach, lime juice, fried garlic and garlic oil, roasted [[rice flour]] and dried shrimp.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-01-29 |title=အာလူး၊ငါးကက်သလိတ်ကြော်နှင့် ကန်စွန်းရွက်သုပ် |url=https://myanmar.mmtimes.com/timeout/tea-break/8855-2014-01-29-06-39-14.html |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=The Myanmar Times |archive-date=22 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722163317/https://myanmar.mmtimes.com/timeout/tea-break/8855-2014-01-29-06-39-14.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In [[Indonesian cuisine]] it is called {{Lang|id|kangkung}}; boiled or blanched together with other vegetables it forms the ingredient of ''[[gado-gado]]'' or ''[[pecel]]'' salads in [[peanut sauce]]. Some recipes that use ''{{Lang|id|kangkung}}'' include ''[[plecing kangkung]]'' from Lombok, ''[[mie kangkung]]'' (kangkong noodles) from Jakarta, and ''petis kangkung'' from Semarang.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Maharani |first1=Ainda Seprita |title=Petis Kangkung Kuliner Khas Legendaris di Semarang, Catat 5 Rekomendasi Lokasi yang Bisa Dikunjungi |url=https://www.suaramerdeka.com/gaya-hidup/0412378981/petis-kangkung-kuliner-khas-legendaris-di-semarang-catat-5-rekomendasi-lokasi-yang-bisa-dikunjungi|website=suaramerdeka.com |access-date=31 October 2024 |language=Indonesian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In [[Cuisine of Thailand|Thailand]], where it is called {{Lang|th-latn|phak bung}} ({{langx|th|ผักบุ้ง|links=no}}), it is eaten raw, often along with [[som tam|green papaya salad]] or ''[[nam phrik]]'', in stir-fries and in curries such as ''[[kaeng som]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ifrpd.ku.ac.th/pr/research/Thai_foods_Payom.pdf |title=Nutritional composition of traditional Thai foods used local vegetables |access-date=4 April 2017 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212013623/http://www.ifrpd.ku.ac.th/pr/research/Thai_foods_Payom.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In the [[Philippines]], where it is called {{Lang|fil|kangkóng}}, the tender shoots are cut into segments and cooked, together with the leaves, in fish and meat stews, such as ''[[sinigang]]''. The vegetable is also commonly eaten alone. In ''[[Philippine adobo|adobong kangkóng]]'' (also called {{Lang|fil|apan-apan}}), it is sautéed in cooking oil, [[onion]]s, garlic, [[vinegar]], and [[soy sauce]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Piccio |first1=Belle |title=Apan-apan: The Dish Reflective of the Tradition of Ilonggo Farmers |url=https://www.choosephilippines.com/eat/recipes/4396/apan-apan-all-time-filipino-favorite |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420155425/http://www.choosephilippines.com/eat/recipes/4396/apan-apan-all-time-filipino-favorite |url-status=usurped |archive-date=20 April 2017 |website=Choose Philippines |access-date=11 January 2019 |accessdate=11 August 2026 |archivedate=20 April 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420155425/http://www.choosephilippines.com/eat/recipes/4396/apan-apan-all-time-filipino-favorite }}&lt;/ref&gt; In {{Lang|fil|ensaladang kangkóng}} (or {{Lang|fil|kinilaw na kangkóng}}), it is blanched and served in vinegar or [[calamansi]] juice and fresh [[tomato]]es and [[onion]]s with salt and pepper to taste.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ensaladang Kangkong |url=https://www.melykitchen.com/2015/01/ensaladang-kangkong.html |website=Mely's Kitchen |access-date=11 January 2019 |archive-date=11 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111175656/https://www.melykitchen.com/2015/01/ensaladang-kangkong.html |accessdate=11 August 2026 |archivedate=11 January 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111175656/https://www.melykitchen.com/2015/01/ensaladang-kangkong.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ensaladang Kangkong |url=https://www.overseaspinoycooking.net/2011/10/ensaladang-kangkong.html |website=Overseas Pinoy Cooking |access-date=11 January 2019 |accessdate=11 August 2026 |archivedate=20 July 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720170905/https://www.overseaspinoycooking.net/2011/10/ensaladang-kangkong.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; In {{Lang|fil|binagoongang kangkóng}} (or {{Lang|fil|ginisang kangkóng}}), it is sautéed with garlic and topped with ''[[bagoong alamang]]'' (shrimp paste) or ''[[bagoong isda]]'' (fermented fish) and sliced fresh tomatoes and onions, commonly also with cubed crispy {{Lang|fil|liempo}} ([[pork belly]]) or [[Philippine adobo|pork ''adobo'']]. It can also be spiced with ''[[siling haba]]'' or ''[[siling labuyo]]'' peppers, soy sauce, black pepper, and sugar. It differs from {{Lang|fil|adobong kangkóng}} in that it does not use vinegar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Binagoongang Kangkong |url=http://www.pinoyhapagkainan.com/binagoongang-kangkong/ |website=Pinoy Hapagkainan |access-date=11 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Spicy Stir-Fry Kangkong with Bagoong |url=http://www.pinoykitchenette.com/2011/06/spicy-stir-fry-kangkong-with-bagoong.html |website=Pinoy Kitchenette |access-date=11 January 2019 |accessdate=11 August 2026 |archivedate=12 March 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312065354/http://www.pinoykitchenette.com/2011/06/spicy-stir-fry-kangkong-with-bagoong.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kangkong with Bagoong |url=http://filipinostylerecipe.com/2013/04/kangkong-with-bagoong/ |website=Filipino Style Recipe |date=28 April 2013 |access-date=11 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kangkong with Bagoong Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/2012/05/29/kangkong-with-bagoong-recipe/ |website=Panlasang Pinoy |date=30 May 2012 |access-date=11 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A local appetiser called [[crispy kangkong|crispy ''kangkóng'']] has the leaves coated in a flour-based batter and fried until crisp, similar to [[Cuisine of Japan|Japanese]] vegetable [[tempura]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.pinoyrecipe.net/crispy-kangkong-recipe-river-spinach/ |title=Crispy Kangkong Recipe (River Spinach) - Filipino Recipes Portal |date=8 May 2012 |publisher=Pinoyrecipe.net |access-date=13 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Crispy Spinach Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/2010/06/08/crispy-spinach-recipe/ |website=Panlasang Pinoy |date=9 June 2010 |access-date=11 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In [[Chinese cuisine]], ''Ipomoea aquatica'' is a popular leafy vegetable commonly stir-fried with garlic, fermented tofu, or chili, depending on regional preferences. It is particularly associated with [[southern China]], including [[Guangdong]] and [[Fujian]], where it is often prepared as a quick, flavorful dish. In [[Sichuan]] cuisine, it may be stir-fried with pickled chili for a spicy twist. In [[Taiwan]], it is cooked similar to Southeast Asia, with soy sauce and dried shrimp for added umami.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=chou |first=cindy |date=2020-09-26 |title=stir-fried morning glory 蒜炒空心菜 |url=https://thesoundofcooking.com/stir-fried-morning-glory/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=The Sound of Cooking |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;90px&quot;&gt;
File:Adobong kangkong (Philippines).jpg|[[Philippine cuisine|Filipino]] ''[[Philippine adobo|adobong kangkóng]]''
File:Ensaladang kangkong.jpg|Filipino ''[[Kinilaw|ensaladang kangkóng]]''
File:Pelecing kangkung.JPG| Indonesian ''[[plecing kangkung]]'' from Lombok
File:Mie Kangkung.JPG|Indonesian ''[[mie kangkung]]'' (with noodles)
File:Gendar Petis Kangkung.jpg|Indonesian ''petis kangkung'' (with ''gendar'' rice cake) from Semarang
File:Kangkungblacan.jpg|[[Malaysia]]n-style ''[[kangkung belacan]]''
File:Pak boong fai daeng.jpg|[[Thailand|Thai]] ''phak bung fai daeng''
File:Canhchua2.jpg|[[Vietnam]]ese ''canh chua''
File:HK 上環市政大廈 Sheung Wan Municipal Building Cooked food centre 棟記 Tung Kee Restaurant dinner food August 2019 SSG 10.jpg|[[Hongkong]]-style ''kōngxīncài''
File:Food 炒牛肝, 小吳現炒牛肉, 天母, 台北 (15256971207).jpg|[[Taiwan|Taiwanese]]-style ''kōngxīncài''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Phytoremediation===
Using aquatic macrophytes to remove nutrients from wastewater and to control freshwater [[eutrophication]] has been reported to be a feasible way of [[phytoremediation]]. Various plants, including ''I. aquatica'', have been tested for this use. Owing to its being edible and thus marketable, it could be an attractive option for this use.&lt;ref&gt;Li, M., Wu, Y. J., Yu, Z. L., Sheng, G. P., &amp; Yu, H. Q. (2007). Nitrogen removal from eutrophic water by floating-bed-grown water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) with ion implantation. ''Water research'', ''41''(14), 3152-3158.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Animal feed===
Water spinach is fed to livestock as green fodder with high nutritive value—especially the leaves, for they are a good source of carotene. It is fed to cattle, pigs, fish, ducks, and chicken.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pandey, A.K. Aquatic Vegetables 2011&quot;&gt;Pandey, A.K. Aquatic Vegetables. Udaipur: Agrotech Academy, 2011. Print.&lt;/ref&gt; In limited quantities, ''I. aquatica'' can have a somewhat laxative effect.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Medicinal ===
{{medref|1=section|date=February 2025}}
''I. aquatica'' is used in the traditional medicine of southeast Asia and in the traditional medicine of some countries in Africa.{{cn|date=February 2025}} In southeast Asian medicine it is used against [[piles]], and [[nosebleeds]], as an [[anthelmintic]], and to treat [[high blood pressure]].{{medcn|date=February 2025}} In Ayurveda, leaf extracts are used against jaundice and nervous debility.&lt;ref name=&quot;International Journal of Botany&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nagendra Prasad |first1=K. |last2=Shivamurthy |first2=G.R. |last3=Aradhya |first3=S.M. |title=Ipomoea aquatica, An Underutilized Green Leafy Vegetable: A Review |journal=International Journal of Botany |date=2008 |volume=1 |issue=4 |page=127}}&lt;/ref&gt; In indigenous medicine in Sri Lanka, water spinach is supposed to have insulin-like properties.{{medcn|date=February 2025}}

Christophe Wiart cites several promising studies showing improvements in blood glucose levels in humans and rats and concludes that clinical trials are warranted.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Wiart |first1=Christophe |title=Medicinal plants in Asia for metabolic syndrome: natural products and molecular basis |date=2018 |publisher=CRC Press |location=Boca Raton |isbn=978-1-315-17775-5 |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Antioxidant bioactive compounds and anti-microbial substances can be detected in water spinach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Anbu Jothi |first1=B. |last2=Geetha |first2=B. |title=GC-MS and FT-IR analysis of bioactive compounds on methanol extract of Ipomoea aquatica |journal=International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research |date=May 2017 |volume=2 |issue=3 |page=15}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{npsn|date=February 2025}} Furthermore, plant extracts of water spinach inhibit cancer cell growth of Vero, Hep-2, and A-549 cells, though they have moderate anti-cancer properties.&lt;ref name=&quot;International Journal of Botany&quot;/&gt;{{npsn|date=February 2025}}

&lt;!--- uncited over a year==Cultural references==
[[File:Ipomoea aquatica (Marsh Glory) flower W2 IMG 0405.jpg|thumb|upright|A close-up of the flower]]
There is a belief in traditional [[Chinese culture]] that discourages extensive consumption of ''Ipomoea aquatica''{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} with the explanation that the hollow stem makes the person weak and hollow like the plant{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}, although this belief does not advocate refraining from eating the plant entirely{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}. The elderly however are especially discouraged from consuming it{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}. There is also a belief in Chinese culture that extensive consumption may result in muscle cramps.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} Despite this, it is a common vegetable in Asian cuisine.---&gt;

==Cultivation==
[[File:09985jfKangkong harvesting in the Philippinesfvf 35.jpg|thumb|Wild ''I. aquatica'' being harvested from rafts in the [[Angat River]], [[Philippines]]]]
[[File:0002jfVegetable plantations Taal Pulilan Bulacanfvf 11.jpg|thumb|Cultivated ''I. aquatica'' in [[Bulacan]], Philippines]]
''Ipomoea aquatica'' is most commonly grown in east, south, and southeast Asia. It flourishes naturally in waterways, and requires little if any care. It is used extensively in Indonesian, Burmese, Thai, Lao, Cambodian, Malay, Vietnamese, Filipino, and Chinese cuisine, especially in rural or ''[[kampung]]'' (village) areas. The vegetable is also extremely popular in [[Taiwan]], where it grows well. During the [[Japanese occupation of Singapore]] in World War II, the vegetable grew remarkably easily in many areas, and became a popular wartime crop.

Water spinach has been found to be cultivated in the following countries:&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pinker, I. 2006&quot;&gt;Pinker, I., U. Bubner, and M. Böhme. &quot;Selection of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.)-genotypes for protected cultivation in temperate regions.&quot; I International Conference on Indigenous Vegetables and Legumes. Prospectus for Fighting Poverty, Hunger and Malnutrition 752. 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
*[[Australia]]
*[[Bangladesh]]
*[[Myanmar|Burma]]
*[[Cambodia]]
*[[China]]
*[[Fiji]]
*[[India]]
*[[Maldives]]
*[[Indonesia]]
*[[Japan]]
*[[Malaysia]]
*[[Nepal]]
*[[New Guinea]]
*[[Philippines]]
*[[Lanka|Sri Lanka]]
*[[Taiwan]]
*[[Thailand]]
*[[Vietnam]]
{{div col end}}

In the United States, it is cultivated in California, Florida, Hawaii, Texas, Arizona, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.&lt;ref&gt;Chilton, Earl W. &quot;Risk Assessment for Water Spinach (Ipomoea Aquatica) in Texas.&quot; Journal Of Aquatic Plant Management 55 (2017): 96-102. Web.&lt;/ref&gt; It is also found in Africa and in its wild form; it is collected and used by the [[Shambaa people|Sambaa]] people in [[Tanzania]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Austin, Daniel F. F. &quot;Water Spinach (Ipomoea Aquatica, Convolvulaceae) a Food Gone Wild.&quot; Ethnobotany Research and Applications 5 (2007): 123-46. Web.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vainio-Mattila, Katariina. &quot;Wild vegetables used by the Sambaa in the Usambara Mountains, NE Tanzania.&quot; Annales Botanici Fennici. Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board, 2000.&lt;/ref&gt;

Water spinach is also potentially suitable for cultivation in [[greenhouse]]s in more [[Temperate climate|temperate]] regions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pinker, I. 2006&quot;/&gt;

In non-tropical areas, it is easily grown in containers given enough water in a bright sunny location. It readily roots from cuttings.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}

===Requirements for climate and soil===
[[File:Kanko cultivation in Dili drainage ditch.jpg|thumb|''I. aquatica'' being cultivated in a drainage ditch in [[Dili]], [[Timor-Leste]]]]
Water spinach is ideal for [[Subtropics|sub]]-tropical and [[Tropics|tropical]] climate, as it does not grow well below {{convert|23.9|C}} and is sensitive to frost. High soil moisture is beneficial for growth. Clay soils and [[marsh]]y soils rich in organic matter are suitable for water spinach. The ideal pH range for the growth is from 5 to 7. The provision of shade has been shown to have a positive influence on the yield of water spinach.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pandey, A.K. Aquatic Vegetables 2011&quot;/&gt;

===Traditional cultivation methods===
[[File:Starr-170627-0206-Ipomoea aquatica-young starts with Kim and Thai Worker Hin-Hydroponics Greenhouse Sand Island-Midway Atoll (36319965171).jpg|thumb|''I. aquatica'' being grown in a [[hydroponics]] greenhouse in Sand Island, [[Midway Atoll]]]]
Water spinach is cultivated in a variety of systems. In [[Hong Kong]], two methods are traditionally used: the dryland method and the wetland method.

In '''the dryland method''', water spinach is grown on raised beds which are separated by irrigation ditches. The seeds can be sown directly onto the beds. Alternatively, a nursery may be used and the seedlings are transplanted when they reach a sufficient size. In either case, the distance between the plants should be about {{convert|12|cm}} by the time they are {{convert|15|cm}} tall. Regular irrigation is crucial in the dryland system and so is sufficient fertilization. Water spinach cultivated with the dryland method is ready for harvest 50 to 60 days after sowing. Harvesting is done by pulling up the whole plant.&lt;ref name=&quot;Edie, Harry 1969&quot;&gt;Edie, Harry, and H. Ho. &quot;Ipomoea Aquatica as a Vegetable Crop in Hong Kong.&quot; Economic Botany 23.1 (1969): 32-36. Web.&lt;/ref&gt;

The '''wetland method''' is the traditionally more common and important method for cultivation in Hong Kong: In the wetland method, water spinach is cultivated on flat fields surrounded by raised banks, which have oftentimes been used as [[Paddy field|rice paddies]] in the past. These former rice paddies have a heavy clay soil with an iron-pan. This helps to retain water for the water spinach. The seedlings to be used in this method are usually grown in a nursery on a dry field, as germination under water is quite poor. Six weeks after sowing, cuttings can be taken from the seedlings for transplantation. One cutting is an approximately {{convert|30|cm}} long cut from the stem containing seven or eight nodes. This is then planted in the field with a spacing of about {{convert|40|cm}}. The field is prepared beforehand by flooding it to a depth of {{convert|3|to|5|cm}}. The soil itself is tramped into a liquid mud so that the cuttings can root easily. Once the plants are established, the depth of the flooding is increased to {{convert|15|to|20|cm}}. The first harvest in the wetland method can usually be done at around 30 days after transplantation. Also, the harvesting differs from the dryland system: In the wetland, the upper part of the main shoot is cut at about water level. This stimulates lateral growth and produces horizontal shoots carrying vertical branches. After the first harvests, every seven to ten days throughout the summer, these vertical branches can be harvested. After the planting period, the fields are drained and once the fruit of the water spinach is ripe, it is harvested, dried, then trodden to release the seeds which are to be used for the following season.&lt;ref name=&quot;Edie, Harry 1969&quot;/&gt;

===Use of fertilizer===
How much fertilizer is used for the cultivation strongly depends on the region. Most research is from the 1980s and 1990s. Generally, it has been shown that a dose of {{convert|60|kg}} [[Nitrogen|N]]/ha is sufficient and that the application of [[Potassium|K]] can be beneficial on the yield. Also, the application of plant growth regulators, for example [[Adenine]] and Zetanine,{{clarify|What's zetanine?|date=May 2022}} has been found to be an effective means to promote water spinach growth. One study has determined, that the highest yields are produced with the application of 60&amp;nbsp;kg/ha of N, 90&amp;nbsp;kg/ha of [[Phosphorus pentoxide|P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;]] and 50&amp;nbsp;kg/ha of [[Potassium oxide|K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O]] for the first harvest. For the second harvest the optimal fertilization was determined as 120&amp;nbsp;kg/ha of N, 45&amp;nbsp;kg/ha of P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; and 100&amp;nbsp;kg/ha of K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pandey, A.K. Aquatic Vegetables 2011&quot;/&gt;

'''Taiwan''': In Taiwan, the usual fertilization includes the basic application of about 10 t/ha of cow manure followed by 50&amp;nbsp;kg/ha of [[ammonium sulfate]] after each harvest.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pandey, A.K. Aquatic Vegetables 2011&quot;/&gt;

'''Bangkok''': In Bangkok, it is common to apply about 300&amp;nbsp;kg/ha of NPK fertilizer twice a month.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pandey, A.K. Aquatic Vegetables 2011&quot;/&gt;

'''Indonesia''': In Indonesia, usually 150&amp;nbsp;kg to 300&amp;nbsp;kg of NPK are applied per hectare.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pandey, A.K. Aquatic Vegetables 2011&quot;/&gt;

===Pathogens and pests===
[[File:Tortoise beetle hess.jpg|thumb|A [[tortoise beetle]] on an ''I. aquatica'' leaf]]
There are several pathogens and pests reported, affecting ''I. aquatica''. Pathogens include ''[[Pythium]]'', causing problems like damping-off, ''[[Cercospora]]'' leaf spot and root nematodes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Also, [[aphid]]s may be problems in fields. Additionally, there are several [[List of feeding behaviours|polyphagous]] insects feeding on ''I. aquatica''. [[Lepidoptera]] species include ''Diacrisia strigatula'' Walker and ''Spodoptera litura''. The &quot;woolly-bear&quot; caterpillars (''D. virginica'' [Fabricius]) of the eastern United States and ''D. strigatula'' (Chinese tiger moth) are other species with wide food preferences.&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eS7lX_rC3GEC |first=Daniel F. |last=Austin |title=Florida Ethnobotany |publisher=CRC Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8493-2332-4 |page=365}}&lt;/ref&gt; A specialist pathogen on ''I. aquatica'' is the [[oomycete]] ''Albugo ipomoeae-aquaticae'', though its range is restricted to southern and southeast Asia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

===Invasiveness===
''Ipomoea aquatica'' is listed by the [[USDA]] as a noxious weed,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://plants.usda.gov/java/noxious?rptType=Federal |title=Federal Noxious Weed List |publisher=USDA |access-date=2019-08-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; especially in the states of [[Florida]], [[California]], and [[Hawaii]], where it can be observed growing in the wild.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. swamp morning-glory |url=http://plants.usda.gov/plant-profile?symbol=IPAQ |website=plants.usda.gov |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service |access-date=10 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the US, water spinach has mainly become a problem in Florida. It is unclear why it is a problem there; however, although the fast growth rate has been cited as a threat to native plants in certain areas of Florida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Water Spinach|url=http://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/habitat/invasive-plants/weed-alerts/water-spinach/|website=Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission|language=en|access-date=2020-05-11|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809092941/https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/habitat/invasive-plants/weed-alerts/water-spinach/|accessdate=2026-08-11|archivedate=2020-08-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809092941/https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/habitat/invasive-plants/weed-alerts/water-spinach/}}&lt;/ref&gt; It could be owing to the time since introduction, or owing to climatic factors.&lt;ref name=&quot;Edie, Harry 1969&quot;/&gt; ''I. aquatica'' has been extensively cultivated in [[Texas]] for over 30 years, having been originally brought there by Asian immigrants. Because no evidence indicates the plant has escaped into the wild, Texas lifted its ban on cultivation for personal use with no restrictions or requirements, noting its importance as a vegetable in many cultures, and also began permitting cultivation for commercial sales with the requirement of an exotic species permit.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.texasinvasives.org/plant_database/detail.php?symbol=IPAQ |title=Texas Invasives |work=texasinvasives.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Possession of ''I. aquatica'' has been prohibited in Florida since 1973, but it is still being grown and sold illegally. Some of the infestations in Florida public lakes have been eradicated, or at least attempts have been made.&lt;ref&gt;Langeland, K.A. &amp; K.C. Burks. 1998. Editors of ''Identification &amp; Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas''. University of Florida, Gainesville&lt;/ref&gt; In [[Sri Lanka]] it invades wetlands, where its long, floating stems form dense mats which can block the flow of water and prevent the passage of boats.&lt;ref&gt;Gunasekera Lalith. ''Invasive Plants, A Guide to the Identification of the Most Invasive Plants in Sri Lanka'', Colombo 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Gallery==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;150&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot;&gt;
File:04657jfDampol Rueda Plaridel Pungo Calumpit Bulacan Riverbanks Kangkung Viaductfvf 26.jpg|''I. aquatica'' along the [[Angat River]], [[Philippines]]
File:Starr-121029-0421-Ipomoea aquatica-habit in wetland-Ukumehame-Maui (24827090269).jpg|''Ipomoea aquatica'' in Ukumehame, [[Maui]], [[Hawaii]]
File:Immature seeds of Ipomoea aquatica 2.jpg|Immature fruits of ''Ipomoea aquatica''
File:Ipomoea aquatica Nksw 4.jpg|''Ipomoea aquatica'' at Nakhonsawan school, Nakhon Sawan, [[Thailand]]
File:Ipomoea aquatica bd-3.jpg|Fruits of ''Ipomoea aquatica ''
File:Ipomoea aquatica (Marsh Glory) flower W IMG 0403.jpg|Close-up of ''I. aquatica'' flower in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]]
File:9916Wawa Poblacion Balagtas 13.jpg|Freshly-harvested ''I. aquatica'' bundles being unloaded from rafts in the Philippines
File:甕菜 Ipomoea aquatica -香港西貢獅子會自然教育中心 Saikung, Hong Kong- (9240155912).jpg|''I. aquatica'' with white flowers in [[Sai Kung Town|Sai Kung]], [[Hong Kong]]
File:Bubulcus ibis in the Philippines 22.jpg|[[Cattle egret]]s among ''I. aquatica'' in [[Norzagaray]], Philippines
File:HK WCD 灣仔 Wan Chai 春園街 Spring Garden Lane shop Kai Bo Food Supermarket vegetable July 2021 SS2.jpg|''I. aquatica'' being sold in a market in [[Hong Kong]]
File:Ipomoea aquatica.jpg|''I. aquatica'' bundles sold in a market in [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]]
File:03899jfPasig City Boundary Buting Bridge School Creek Monument Makati Cityfvf 19.jpg|Bundles of ''I. aquatica'' being sold by a roadside vendor in [[Makati City]], Philippines
&lt;/gallery&gt;


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