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{{Distinguiti artikle}}
{{rute al pagine|[[Lingues]]|[[Konstrukteti lingues]]}}
{{Infoboxe lingue|
| nome = Occidental
[[Image:Unde yelb.svg|100px|center]]
| propri = Interlingue
| area =
| ofisial =
| nombre =
| range = non in 100 maxim grandi
| familie = [[Konstrukteti lingues|konstrukteti lingue]]
| grupe = [[international auxiliari lingue]]
| alfabete = [[Latin alfabete|latini]]
| akademie = Interlingue-Union
| iso1 = ie
| iso2 = ile
| iso3 = ile
| sil =
|
}}
'''Occidental''', plu tardim '''Interlingue''', es [[konstrukteti lingue]] kreat da estoniani naval ofisiere e instruktere [[Edgar de Wahl]] e publisat ye [[1922]].
Multe del formes de vordes derivat de Interlingue reflekte tes komun a kelki lingues de vesti Europa, chefim li lingues romanikal, along kun kelki vordaro germani. Mult de lun vordes es format usant li regle de de Wahl, un grupe de regles per konversione regulari de omni ma six infinitives verbal inklusent from li verbes de dupli radika latin (per exemple ''vider'' "vida" e lun derivate ''vision''). Li resulte es un lingue naturalisti e regulari kel es fasile tu komprenda a unesmi vidindu por persones konosant kelki lingues del vest de Europa. Lektebleso e gramatike simplifikat, along kun li aparo regulari del jurnale ''Cosmoglotta'', fat Occidental populari in Europa durante li yares ante li duesmi monde-guere malgre li penos del nazis tu suprese lingues auxiliari internationali.
Li Occidental transvivad li guere, ma li komuneso perdit li kontakte kun li kreere del lingue after 1939, quo non volid tu abandona Estonia, even kand lon hause esed destruktet in li bombardos de 1943, forsant le tu refuja in un hospitale psikiatri. Li nome del lingue esed chanjeat in 1949 pro du resones:
# por montrar al Soviet Unione li neutraleso del lingue,
# li idee de un posibli unione o kunlaboratione kun Interlingua, un konkuranti naturalisti projekte sub developo.
Mult useres esed perdit after li aparitione del ultim in 1951, komensant un periode de deklina til li venio de interete.
== Historie ed aktiveso ==
[[File:First issue of Cosmoglotta, 1922.jpg|alt=|thumb|Li unesmi nombre de ''Kosmoglott'' (plu tardi ''Cosmoglotta''), publikat in hasto after li anuntiatione ke li Lige de Nationes esed studiant li probleme de international lingue.]]
=== Komenso ===
Edgar de Wahl did anunsia li kreatione de Interlingue in 1922 kun li unesmi nombre del magasine ''Cosmoglotta'', publikat in [[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]], sub li nome ''Kosmoglott''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1922, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=1&size=45|archive-date=2021-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626092436/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=1&size=45}}</ref>. Occidental esed produkte de yares de experimentation personal sub li nome ''Auli'' (''auxiliary language''), kel lo usad ek 1906 til 1921 e kel plu tard ganad li surnome ''proto-Occidental''. De Wahl, originalim volapukiste e tand esperantiste, komensad li kreatione de Occidental after li faliat voto tu reforma Esperanto in 1894<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 18|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=19&size=45|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203629/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=19&size=45}}</ref>.
De Wahl skriptad kon altri kreatores de lingues, inter les, li italian matematikiste [[Guiseppe Peano]] (kreatore de [[Latino sine Flexione]]), e [[Waldemar Rosenberger]], li kreatore de [[Idiom Neutral]]<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 18|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=18&size=45|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415023325/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=18&size=45|archive-date=2021-04-15}}</ref>
[[File:Occidental-Union, Wien 1928.jpg|thumb|right|Parteprendantes de un renkontro de Occidental in Wien, 1928: Engelbert Pigal, Karl Janotta, A. Deminger, Hanns Hörbiger, Eugen Moess, Franz Houdek, Johann Robert Hörbiger]]
[[File:Occidentalists in Vienna, 1927.jpg|thumb|right|Renkontro de usatores del lingue Occidental (Interlingue) in Wien in li yare 1927.]]
Kande lu esed anuntiat in 1922, Occidental esed preske kompleti<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=40&size=45|title=Kosmoglott, 1925, p.40|quote=Translation: "I found the most precise sense of "-atu" for example no earlier than 1924 ... maybe with time I will also find the precise sense of "-il, -esc, -itudo", etc."|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415015947/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=40&size=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&page=15&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1947, p. 15|website=anno.onb.ac.at|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021222/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&page=15&size=45}}</ref>. De Wahl non had intentet tu anunsia li lingue durant kelki yares, ma desised tu akselera lun publikatione after audi ke li Lige de Nationes esed studiant li probleme de international lingue<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=27|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 27|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021220/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=4&size=45|title=Kosmoglott 001, 1922, p. 4|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022050/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=4&size=45}}</ref>. Li unesmi publikatione in Occidental, un librete titlelisat ''Transcendent Algebra'', da Jacob Linzbach, aparid poki ante li debuto de ''Kosmoglott''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://keyboardfire.com/s/transalg/|title= Transcendental Algebra|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190822222146/http://keyboardfire.com/s/transalg/|archive-date= 2019-08-22}}</ref>.
Occidental komensad rekolta sekueres pro lun lektebleso, malgre li manko de gramatikes e vortaros<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&size=45&page=7|title=Kosmoglott, 1925, p.7|website=anno.onb.ac.at|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204017/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=7&size=45}}</ref>. Du yares plu tardi, in 1924, de Wahl skripted ke lo esed sendant poste kon 30 persones "in bon Occidental" malgre li manka de materiale por lerno<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1924, p. 14|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1924&size=45&teil=0101&page=14|quote=Translation: "He asserts that Occidental, despite being easily readable, is very difficult to write and that one could hardly find 10 people in the world able to write it without errors. Well, with me alone there is already three times that number corresponding in good Occidental."|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022346/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1924&size=45&teil=0101&page=14}}</ref>, e li useres de altri lingues komensad tu junkte Occidental<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jki.amu.edu.pl/files/JKI%20-%2014%20-%2009%20-%20Kuznecov[1].pdf|title="Kosmoglot" – la unua interlingvistika societo en Ruslando|archive-date=2020-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922171623/http://jki.amu.edu.pl/files/JKI%20-%2014%20-%2009%20-%20Kuznecov%5B1%5D.pdf}}</ref>. Li unesmi lexike, li ''Radicarium Directiv'', un kolektajo de radikes de Occidental e lusen equivalentis in ot lingues, esed publikat li yare sekuent<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wahl|first=E. de|title=Radicarium directiv del lingue international (Occidental) in 8 lingues.|date=1925|location=Tallinn|oclc=185538723}}</ref>.
''Kosmoglott'' esed un forume por altri lingues konstrukteti, durant ke lu esed skriptet primi in Occidental. Li nome esed kambiat a ''Cosmoglotta'' in 1927 , kande lu komensad tu promote Occidental ofisialim, ed in januare li editorie e lun opfisie esed movat a Mauer (Wien), nun parte de Liesing<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta, 1927, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=7&size=45|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204017/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=7&size=45}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1947, p. 17|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1947&size=45&page=17|archive-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214174909/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1947&size=45&page=17}}</ref>. Multi del frui suksese de Occidental in disi periode venid del situation centrali del ofisie, along kon li penos de Engelbert Pigal, anke fro Austria, kelen artikle ''Li Ovre de Edgar de Wahl'' dukted a intereso pri Occidental fro useres de Ido<ref name=":1" />. Li uso in Fransia komensad in 1928, e in li komenso del sekuenti dekade li komuneso de Occidental esed establit in Germania, Austria, Suedia, Chekoslovakia e Suisia<ref>{{Cite web|title=Helvetia, January 1930|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&datum=1930&page=9&size=45|quote="...Occ. esset unesimli propagat per Germanes, Austrianes, Svedes, Tchecoslovacos e solmen ante du annus ha penetrat in Francia."|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022218/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&datum=1930&page=9&size=45}}</ref>.
=== Periode de Wien e duesmi munde-guere ===
[[File:Postkarte Lingue international Occidental.jpg|thumb|right|Postekarte reklamal kun texte in Occidental kreat in Wien in li yare 1928.]]
Li periode de Wien esed markat per li estabileso finansial. Kun li helpo de du sekunderes, Hans Hörbiger, anke ex Wien, e G.A. Moore ex London, Cosmoglotta prosperad malgre li krise ekonomi. After li du morid in 1931, Cosmoglotta esed denove forsat tu dependa de revenu ex subskriptiones e ripublikationes<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1937, p.79|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1937&page=80&size=452019-03-13|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415030229/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1937&page=80&size=45}}</ref>.
Li kreskant movo komensad tu kampania plu pro Occidental in li frui dekade de 1930<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1933&size=45&page=22|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1933, p. 20.2019-04-11|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024026/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1933&size=45&page=22}}</ref>, profintant lun lektebleso per kontakta organisationes kun postum in Occidental ke esed komprendat e respondat<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=30|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1935, p. 302019-02-20|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415032533/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1931, p. 92|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1931&size=45&page=95|quote=Un commercial firma in Tchecoslovacia scri spontanmen al redaction: "Mi firma...opera in Italia solmen per li medium de Occidental, e to in omni romanic states. To es un miraculos fact. Vu posse scrir a omni romano in Occidental e il va comprender vor idées."2020-10-22|archive-date=2020-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027051833/http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1931&size=45&page=95}}</ref>. Registrationes de Occidental parlat sur registros de gramofone esed unesmi fat in dis periode<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1934&size=45&page=67|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1934, p. 52.2019-04-13|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014454/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1934&size=45&page=67}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=12|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1935, p. 122019-02-20|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022338/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=12}}</ref>.
Li yares fro 1935 til 1939 esed partikularim aktivi por Cosmoglotta e un duesmi editione del jurnales esed publikat. Originalim titlisat ''Cosmoglotta-Informationes''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B (Cosmoglotta-Informationes), 1935, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&page=1&size=452020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203535/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&page=1&size=45}}</ref>, lu esed rinomisat''Cosmoglotta B''. In li frui 1936, non kontante li 110 nombres de Cosmoglotta e altri jurnales, existed in totale 180 publikationes in e pri Occidental<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1936, p. 17|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&size=45&page=172019-02-23|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020219/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&size=45&page=17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1936, p. 38|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&size=45&page=382019-02-23|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020032/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&page=38&size=45}}</ref>.
Ma li yares ante li Duesmi Monde-Guere kread desfasiles por Occidental e altri lingues planat. Les esed interdiktet in Germania<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=5|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, pg. 5|quote=(Translation) Regrettably, public propagation of Occidental was not possible in Germany from 1935 (the year when artificial languages were banned in Germany) until the end of the war...2019-01-20|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203100042/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=5}}</ref>, Austria<ref>[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=12&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 12.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020632/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=12&size=45 |date=2021-04-15 }} Translation öf the last pre-war Occidental postcard from Austria sent to Switzerland in December 1938: "My sadness from not being able to continue my interlinguistic work continues and has made me almost melancholic. Please do not send me mail in Occidental."</ref>, e Chekoslovakia<ref>[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=109&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1944, p. 109.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021543/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=109&size=45 |date=2021-04-15 }} Translation: "The reality is that Occidental, like the other international languages, is prohibited in Germany, that the Occidental societies have been disbanded there (also in Czechoslovakia and Austria) even before the war, and that only regime change in those countries will make Occidental propagation a possibility again.</ref>, forsad tu desbanda, e mantenad sub vigilantie dal Gestapo<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=122|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 122|quote=English translation: The final exchange of telegrams between us was your telegram in March 1938 where you asked me if I would go to The Hague to participate in the IALA conference, and my quick negative response, not followed by a letter explaining why. You certainly had guessed the cause, but you cannot know what actually happened. Immediately after the coming of Hitler I had the "honour", as president of an international organisation, to be watched by the Gestapo, which interrogated me multiple times and searched through my house, confiscating a large part of my correspondence and my interlinguistic material."2019-02-02|archive-date=2021-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324052338/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=122}}</ref>, kel anke destrukted materiales instruktional<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 33.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&size=45&page=33|quote=Translation: "I myself lost my entire rich Occidental-Interlingue possessions in 1936 through home raids by the infamous Gestapo...How thankful you must be to your governments which have avoided such catastrophes that our land (Germany) has suffered, one after another, for 35 years now."2019-01-16|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024141/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&size=45&page=33}}</ref>. Li interdiktione de lingues auxiliari in Germania esed partikularim damajant pro ke dis esed vor li maxim occidentalistes vivad in dat tempe<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=32|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 322019-01-06|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024144/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=32}}</ref>. Li nonpovo tu asepta pago pro subskriptiones esed suflo finansial ke kontinuad after li guere<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p. 11|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=11&size=452020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203603/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=11&size=45}}</ref> along kun li divisiones de Germania in ares de influentie, non omni de keles permised pagos<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1947, p. 107|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=992020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204211/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=99}}</ref>.
De Wahl, in Tallinn, non povad tu komunika kun li Occidental-Union in Suisia fro 1939 til oktobre 1947, unesmi pro li guere e after li interseptione de poste inter Suisia e li Soviet Unione<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1947, p. 100|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=922019-01-02|website=anno.onb.ac.at|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415023923/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=92}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 100|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=101&size=452020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204221/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=101&size=45}}</ref>. Nonkonsiosi de to, de Wahl esed perplexi pro li manko de responda a sen kontinuat poste; even un grandi kolektaje de poesie traduktet a Occidental nulitem esed livrat. Li soli poste da lo reseptat in Suisia venid in 1947, demandant li Occidental-Union quirez lu non had respondat nuli poste<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 99|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=100&size=452020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203808/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=100&size=45}}</ref>.Durantu, li hause de de Wahl e lon libriere esed destruktet durant li bombardo de Tallinn. De Wahl mem esed prisonat pro un tempe pos refusa tu liva Estonia por Germania, e plu tard refujad in un hospitale psikiatri vor lo vivat li reste de lon vivo<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|quote="Post la okupo de Tallinn per sovetia armeo estis deportita kaj malaperinta la edzino de De Wahl, lia domo komplete forbruliĝis dum bombardado, detruiĝis lia riĉa biblioteko kaj manuskriptoj. Post la alveno de naziaj trupoj De Wahl rifuzis translokiĝon al Germanio kaj estis enkarcerigita. Por savi lin, liaj amikoj lasis proklami lin mense malsana. En la jaro 1944, 77-jaraĝa, li eniris sanatorion Seewald apud Tallinn kaj restis tie ankaŭ post la milito, ne havante propran loĝejon"2019-01-22|archive-date=2019-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 98|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=99&size=452020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203805/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=99&size=45}}</ref>.
Li komenso del guere in 1939 haltad li publikationes de ambi Cosmoglottas tra 1940, ma in 1941 Cosmoglotta B komensad tu publika denove e kontinuad til 1950<ref name=":3" />. Un editione de od Cosmoglotta A o B esed publikat chaskun mensu inter januare 1937 e septembre 1939, e tand (after li choko initial del guere) chaskun mensu from septembre 1941 til june 1951<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=73&size=45|title=Plan de aparition de KOSMOGLOTT 1922–1926 e COSMOGLOTTA 1927–1972 (Austrian National Library)2019-01-28|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025601/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=73&size=45}}</ref>. Durant li guere, soli tes in neutrali Suisia e Suedia povad devota se al lingue, fante aktivesos miofisialim<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1941, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1941&page=1&size=452021-07-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183239/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1941&page=1&size=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1943, p. 85|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=452021-07-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185453/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45}}</ref>.
Durant li guere, li occidentalistes remarkad ke li lingue often esed permiset in telegrames in e exter Suisia (spesialim a e fro Suedia)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p.8.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=8&size=452018-12-22|website=anno.onb.ac.at|quote=English translation: "At the assembly of the Swiss Association for Occidental in Bienne it was noted with satisfaction that despite the war the cooperation at least with the Swedish worldlanguage friends was always able to be maintained, in that the letters and telegrams written in Occidental passed by the censors without problem."|archive-date=2021-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207153229/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=8&size=45}}</ref> even sin rekonose ofisiali, kredant ke li senseres povad komprenda lu<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=6&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1943, p. 6 2018-12-10 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024228/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=6&size=45 }}</ref> e mey ha kredat ke les esed skriptat in spanum o romanchum<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=15&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 15 2018-12-10 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021903/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=15&size=45 }}</ref>. To permised kelki komunikatione inter li occidentalistes de Suisia e Suedia. Altri sentres de aktiveso occidentalist in Europa vadad tam bonim, kun li materiales in Wien e Tallinn destruktet in li bombardos<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=9&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p.9|website=anno.onb.ac.at2018-12-22|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020703/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=9&size=45}}</ref> e numerosi occidentalistes sendat a agres de konsentratione in Germania e Chekoslovakia<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 119.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=452018-12-22|website=anno.onb.ac.at|quote=English translation: "When I arrived in Prague after my escape from the concentration of Leitmeritz, I had literally nothing except a ragged prison uniform, the so-called "pyjama" of the prison camps...Soon after I arrived in Prague I published an ad to search friends of the international language..."|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203639/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 83.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=83&size=452018-12-22|website=anno.onb.ac.at|quote=English translation: "The letters from France are starting to arrive in Switzerland. Especially appreciated are those from Mr. Lerond, a teacher in Bréville tra Donville (Manche) and from Mr. René Chabaud, who happily returned safe and sound from a prison camp in Germany."|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022910/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=83&size=45}}</ref> .
Li kontaktos esed riestablit after li guere da tes qui restat, kun postes fro landes kom Fransia, Chekoslovakia, Finland e Unionati Rejio sendat a Cosmoglotta. Skripteres dikted ke les povad komensa aktivesos denove por li lingue<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p. 108|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=108&size=452021-08-01|archive-date=2021-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801150349/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=108&size=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946. p. 119-120|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=452020-12-17|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203639/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45}}</ref>. Cosmoglotta had subskripteres in 58 urbes in Suisia<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=24&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 24 2018-12-10 |archive-date=2021-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330075537/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=24&size=45 }}</ref> kelki mensus ante li fine del Duesmi Monde-Guere in Europa, e Cosmoglotta A komensad tu publika denove in 1946<ref name=":3" />.
=== Modelisatione del lingue ===
Durant li milite mult occidentalistes modelisad li lingue<ref name=":15" />. De Wahl kread Occidental kun nombre de nonkambiante tretes, ma lo kredad ke lu sekuent li "leges del vivo" donad lu un base sat fermi ke povud sekuer "naturali evolutione"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1922, p. 65|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=65&size=452020-12-16|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203337/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=65&size=45}}</ref> kun un flexiblese ke vud "permiser tempo e praktika tu sorga modifikationes ke vud prova es nesesari"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 95|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=103&size=452020-08-22|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020154/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&size=45&page=103}}</ref>.
Kom resulte, kelki vordes had plu kam un forme permiseble, kel no povad es resolu per dekrete, talim livant li desisiones finali al komuneso per inklusent ambi formes posibli in li unesmi lexikes de Occidental<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020331/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=3&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 3:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020331/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=3&size=45 |date=2021-04-15 }} Translation: "For some hundreds of international words there are two forms between which it is not easy to know which one is better. E. de Wahl wisely wrote both in the first dictionaries, with the intention to let practice make the decision."</ref>. Un exemple es li verbe ''scrir'' ("skripte") e altri forme posibli es ''scripter'', pro ke ambi formes krea derivationes rikonosabli internationalim: ''scritura'' e ''scritor'' from ''scrir'', o ''scriptura'' e ''scriptor'' fro ''scripter''<ref name=":16" />. De Wahl expresed un preferentis pro ''scrir'', trovant ''scripter'' tro pesosi, ma komentad ke li ultim esed permiseble e ke Occidental mey prenda un evolutione simili al lingues natural in quel ambi formes es usat: kun li plu long por situesos formal e li plu kurt por situesos nonformal (kom ''story'' e ''history'' in anglesi)<ref name=":16">{{Cite book|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=14&size=45|title=Kosmoglott, 1925, p. 14|date=May 19252020-12-16|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203618/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=14&size=45}}</ref>.
Li ortografia eses altri area in kel existad diversi posiblesos: un ortografia etimologi ('''''ad'''tractiv'', '''''ob'''pression''), histori ('''''att'''ractiv'', '''''opp'''ression'') o simplifikat ('''''at'''ractiv'', '''''op'''ression'')<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=66&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1944, p. 66 2018-12-07 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014651/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=66&size=45 }}</ref>. Li ortografia simplifikat devenid li standard in 1939<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schmidt|first=Dr. Thomas|title=GROSSES MODERNES WÖRTERBUCH INTERLINGUE (OCCIDENTAL) – DEUTSCH|year=2020|location=Berlin|pages=2|quote=Von seiner Entstehung bis zum Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkrieges 1939 wurde die Rechtschreibung der Sprache deutlich vereinfacht. Diese sogenannte „simplificat ortografie“ löste die alte „historic ortografie“ ab.}}</ref>. Kun dutos ankor restant pri li forme ofisial de kelki vordes e li manko de materiale por li publiko generali<ref name="Unnamed-20230316160208">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1938, p. 82|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1938&size=45&page=712019-03-23|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415015942/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1938&size=45&page=71}}</ref>, mult tempe del Duesmi Monde-Guere Mondal esed spendat in modelisa li lingue e krea kurses, e pro ke li guere ankor kontinuad, in auguste1943 li desisione esed fat tu krea un academie interime por ofisialisa disi prosese<ref name=":15">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024913/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1943, p. 85:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024913/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45 |date=2021-04-15 }} English translation: "Because the president and secretary of the Academy are located in countries in a state of war, the leading Occidentalists of the neutral countries, Switzerland and Sweden, believe it necessary to set up an INTERIM ACADEMY which will function until the other will be able to resume its work. The decisions of this interim academy will be '''conditional''', i.e.: must be validated by the regular Academy after the war, and due to that it will deliver to it all documents justifying its decisions, with detailed reasons."</ref>.
Dis prosese ha komensa non longe ante li guere , e li occidentalistes suisian, trovant se isolatat fro li reste del kontinente, optad tu konsentra sur materiales por aprende, por have les pronti ye li fine del guere <ref name="Unnamed-20230316160208"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1939, p. 1|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1939&page=1&size=452019-03-24|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415033016/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1939&page=1&size=45}}</ref>.
=== IALA, Interlingua e kambio de nome a Interlingue ===
Li [[Asosiatione del Lingue Auxiliari Internationale]] (IALA), fondat ye 1924 por studia e determina li maxim boni planat lingue por komunikatione internationali, esed vidad kun suspekto dal Occidental komuneso. Lun fundatere [[Alice Vanderbilt Morris]] esed esperantiste, kom mult de lun laboreres, e mult occidentalistes inklusent de Wahl se kredad ke lun gidereso sub li esperantiste William Edward Collinson signifikad ke lu had esed kreat sub un pretexto de es siential e neutral por rekomendatione final de esperanto. Li relationes plubonisat kand lu devenid limpid ke li IALA intented es tam neutral kam posibli per familiarisa se kun omni planat lingue. Ric Berger, important occidentalist quo plu tardi junkted Interlingua in li yares 1950, visitat personalim a Morris in 1935 e la e lan marito montrad kurioseso por Occidental e invitad le tu parla in li lingue. Dis plubonisad li opinione de Berger pri li organisatione.
In 1945, li IALA anunsiad ke lu planad tu krea lun propri lingue e montrat quar posibli versiones sub konsideratione, omni de les esent naturalisti<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 84|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=85&size=452019-01-31|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415031939/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=85&size=45}}</ref>. Li occidentalistes esed plesat ke li IALA had desise tu krea un lingue tam simili in nature a Occidental, vidant lu kom un asosiatione kredabli ke donad importantie a lesen argumente ke un lingue auxiliari vud veni ek li studia de lingues naturali kom un venko por li skola naturali<ref name=":8" /> e "preske li sam lingue" in 1948<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=35|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 342019-01-26|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025943/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=35}}</ref>. Berger ankore had reservationes, dutant ob projekte tam similari vud pova u "kasua ke li prejudikos [konter lingues planat] tu fali e krea uneso inter li partisanes de lingues international"<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&page=29&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 292019-01-26|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014645/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&page=29&size=45}}</ref>. Berger anke pavorad ke lu "poves disperse li partisanes del lingue natural kun nulu tu montra por lu" after Occidental ha krea "uneso in li skole naturalisti" por tam long"<ref name=":2" />.
Durant ke li du lingues havad 90% lexike identi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|quote=Alphonse Matejka konstatis, ke la publikigita vortprovizo de Interlingua en 90% kongruas kun tiu de Interlingue, se oni ne rigardas ortografion (historian kaj simpligitan) kaj uzon de finaj vokaloj.2019-01-22|archive-date=2019-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf}}</ref> sin egarda diferos ortografi (''filosofie'' e ''philosophia'' kom li sam vorde), strukturalim e derivationalim esed mult diferent. Li regle de Wahl in Occidental had finit kun li verbes latin de dupli radike, durante ke Interlingua simplim aseptad les kom part de un sisteme naturalisti<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gode|first1=Alexander|last2=Blair|first2=Hugh|title=A grammar of Interlingua|chapter= Appendix 1 (Double-Stem Verbs)|url=https://adoneilson.com/int/gi/append/double.html|publisher=International Auxiliary Language Association|year=19512020-10-21|archive-date=2020-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023125657/https://adoneilson.com/int/gi/append/double.html}}</ref>. Li lingues de kontrole usat in Interlingua por forma lun lexike postula ke un vorde elektabli es trovat in tri lingues fonte (li "regle de tri")<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le tres principios principal del standardization international in interlingua|url=https://www.interlingua.com/historia/publicationes/standardisation.htm2020-12-17|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204205/https://www.interlingua.com/historia/publicationes/standardisation.htm}}</ref>, kel vud konflikta kon li substakte germani de Occidental e diversi altri vordes kel vud es ye definitione nonelektabli in un unifikat lingue ke retenad li metologia de Interlingua. Interlingua anke permise konjugationes verbal nonregulari optional kom ''so'', ''son'' e ''sia'' kom li unesmi persone de singulare, triesmi persone de plurale e subjunktive de ''esser'', li verb 'es'<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interlingua-English Dictionary S |url=http://www.bowks.net/worldlang/aux/b_IED_s.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213083124/http://www.bowks.net/worldlang/aux/b_IED_s.html |archive-date=2007-12-13}}</ref>.
Occidental esed and rikovrant del guere. ''Cosmoglotta'' kontinuad tu reporta til 1946 pri quo had surviva li guere, quo inter les esed pronti tu partisipa denove e que esed nonkontaktat<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 120|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=452020-12-17|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203639/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p. 4|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=4&size=452020-12-17|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203615/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=4&size=45}}</ref>. Li revue esed finansialim tenset pro li kostos inflat post li guere e li nonpovo tu kolekta pagos ek serti landes<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&size=45&page=12|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 12|quote=Translation: "Unfortunately, in 1947 we were not able to publish more than two printed editions: the enormous increase of printing costs and the difficulties transferring the credits accumulated in certain countries were the reasons why we had to be prudent about expenses...even though printing costs have increased by 5 times compared to before the war, the subscription fees have remained the same. Regretfully we have been forced to increase the subscription price this year to 8 Swiss francs..."2019-01-26|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415023734/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&size=45&page=12}}</ref>, in kontrasto kon li bon-finansat IALA<ref name="harlow2000">Harlow, Don. ''The Esperanto Book'', Chapter 3: {{Cite web |url=http://donh.best.vwh.net/Esperanto/EBook/chap03.html |title=Archived copy 2008-09-09 |archive-date=2012-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204044938/http://donh.best.vwh.net/Esperanto/EBook/chap03.html }}.</ref>, kel esed in Novi York<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historia de Interlingua|url=https://www.interlingua.com/historia/2021-11-20|website=www.interlingua.com}}</ref>.
Li politike internationali esed altri peno por occidentalistes after li guere. Li komenso del Koldi Guere kread un nonkomfortabli situatione por li Occidental-Union<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 7|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&page=7&size=45|quote="Li recent evenimentes politic e li division del munde in du sectores de influentie (occidental e oriental) ha mettet nor propagatores de quelc landes in delicat situation. It ha devenit desfacil nu parlar pri un lingue de quel li nómine in cert landes evoca suspectiones in li circul politic. Pro to nor Centrale ha recivet ti-ci mensus, precipue de Tchecoslovacia, propositiones usar vice li nómine de Occidental ti de Interal (=INTER/national Auxiliari lingue)."2019-02-01|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025617/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&page=7&size=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|quote="La postmilita divido de Eŭropo en orientan kaj okcidentan sektoron sentigis la nomon “Occidental” propagando por kapitalisma okcidento, tial venis proponoj ŝanĝi la nomon."2019-01-22|archive-date=2019-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Pigal|first=Engelbert|title=Interlingue (Occidental), die Weltsprache|publisher=Gesellschaft Cosmoglotta|year=1950|location=Wien, Austria|pages=4|oclc=67940249|quote=Schließlich wurde aus Gründen der Neutralität mit 1. September 1949 der Name der Sprache in Interlingue geändert.}}</ref>, kelen nome nonfortunosim koinsidad kun to de un lega political antiruss; li occidentalistes suisian kredad ke to esed li kauso pro kel omni poste de de Wahl fro Tallinn esed kaptat<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 99|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=100&size=45|quote=Translation: "One should not forget that the name Occidental had been selected in 1922, when it had absolutely no political significance. And today, by strange chance the title of the Occidental-Union coincides with that of a political league opposed to the Russians. It is possible that in Tallinn they considered de Wahl a person requiring police surveillance. How to protest and explain the misunderstanding from so far away?"2019-02-01|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203808/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=100&size=45}}</ref>. De Wahl restat nonkonsiat del developos in li lingue e li propositione durante li reste de lon vive<ref>{{Cite web|title=Occidental A, 1948, p. 98|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=99&size=452020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203805/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=99&size=45}}</ref>. In li komenso de 1948 li occidentalistes ek Chekoslovakia ha komensa tu peti nov nome por li lingue tu kontinua lesen aktivesos lingual sin penos, proposint ''Interal'' ("International auxiliari lingue") a kel li unione responded ke Interlingue vud es plu apti e ke les esed liberi tu prisenta li lingue kom "Interlingue (Occidental)" o even ekarta li mentione de Occidental in parentese ob les voli<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&page=7&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 72019-02-01|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025617/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&page=7&size=45}}</ref>. Ric Berger komensad tu defense li chanjo de nome fro Occidental tu Interlingue in 1948<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biographias: Ric(hard) Berger|url=https://www.interlingua.com/historia/biographias/berger.htm|quote=Postea, de 1934 a 1950, ille esseva co-redactor del magazin del Occidental-Union, "Cosmoglotta", e esseva le interprenditor in 1948 quando occidental – presentate per le estoniano Edgar de Wahl – cambiava nomine a interlingue.2020-12-18|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204010/https://www.interlingua.com/historia/biographias/berger.htm}}</ref> kel lo anke esperad povud helpa in fusione inter li du lingues<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta, summer 2000|url=http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/Cg289/cg289.htm|quote=Proque yo esperat que noi vell posser un vez fusionar con Interlingua, ti-ci nov nómine devet facilisar li transition por nor membres, evitante talmen, coram li publica, un nov radical changeament de nómine. Yo dunc proposit, in februar 1948, in Cosmoglotta, remplazzar li nómine Occidental per Interlingue malgré li oposition del presidente del Academie.2018-12-13|archive-date=2018-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215222745/http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/Cg289/cg289.htm}}</ref>. Li ofisial voto pri li chanjo de nome eventad in 1949 e esed pasat kun 91% de suporto, fant li ofisial nome Interlingue, kun Interlingue (Occidental) anke permiset, komensant in septembre 1949<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/48608370/Cosmoglotta-October-1949|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1949, p. 112|quote=English translation: "91% of the voters have adopted the proposition of the Senate of the Occidental Union, i.e. the new name: INTERLINGUE. The usage of the name INTERLINGUE, or if one wishes INTERLINGUE (Occ.) is valid from 1.9.1949."2019-02-09|archive-date=2020-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724134429/https://www.scribd.com/doc/48608370/Cosmoglotta-October-1949}}</ref>.
Li debuto de Interlingua in 1951 feblisad Interlingue-Occidental, kel til tand ha es nonrekusat in li agre del lingues auxiliari planat naturalisti. Li perseptione del situatione da Vĕra Barandovská-Frank es to:
<blockquote>
In li agre de lingues planat naturalisti Occidental-Interlingue esed til tand nonrekusat (spesialim after li morio de Otto Jespersen, autore de Novial), depos omni novi projektes esed imitationes de lu. To aplikad anke tu Interlingua, ma lu portad kun lun un lexike de 27 000 vordes kread da linguistes profesional ke portad grand respekte, malgre in prinsipe nur konfirma li vie ke De Wahl had komensa. [...] In disi sirkumstanties li penos de Ric Berger de mova omni useres de Interlingue in mase tu Interlingua de IALA esed un choka. Lon heresia kausad duto e interruptiones in sirkles de Interlingue, spesialim after ke lo partisipad in li publikatione de "Revista de Interlingua". Li antei idee de un fusione natural de ambi lingues provad es nonrealisti, kun li du lingues devenint rivales<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|quote="...la simileco inter ambaŭ interlingvoj estas tiom granda, ke certe eblos iu racia sintezo inter ili, konkludis Matejka en 1951...La senato de Interlingue-Union kaj la Interlingue-Academie pritraktis la proponojn, ke (1) Interlingue Union iĝu kolektiva membro de IALA kaj (2) Interlingue-Union restu favora al estonta aktiveco de IALA kaj morale subtenu ĝin. La unua propono ne estis akceptita, sed jes la dua, do praktike kunlaboro kaj subteno de Interlingua."2019-01-22|archive-date=2019-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|page=182019-01-22|archive-date=2019-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf}}</ref>.
</blockquote>
Similarim, Don Harlow resuma li yare 1951 por Occidental:
<blockquote>
Interlingua havet un pronti-fat konstituentie. Preske 30 yares ha pasa depos li kreatione de Occidental, kelen forteso in li munde "naturalisti" had prevente altri "naturalisti" projekte developa lesen propri movos. Ma li stele de Occidental had diminu depos li guere . Nun venid dis done sendad dal siele: un nove lingue konstruktet even plu "naturalisti" kam Occidental. Malgre li probas da suporteres de Occidental tu evita lu nonevitabli - per exemple, per taktikes kom rinoma lesen lingue Interlingue- maxim restant occidentalistes fad li kurti pilgrimiro al kapele de Interlingua<ref name="harlow2000" />.
</blockquote>
=== Stagnatione e rivivatione ===
[[File:Cosmoglotta_325.jpg|thumb|Nombre 325 de ''Cosmoglotta'' por li periode januarie a desembre 2019.]]
Durante ke li migration de tam mult useres a [[Interlingua]] ha febli Interlingue, li sequenti fala in aktiveso esed gradual e eventad trans li dekades<ref>{{Cite book |last=Esterhill |first=Frank |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-pUYFcH2PwC|title=Interlingua Institute : A History |date=2000 |publisher=Interlingua Institute |isbn=0-917848-02-0}}</ref>. ''Cosmoglotta B'' sesad li publikatione after 1950, e li frequentese de Cosmoglotta A komensad tu fala: unfoy chaki duesmi mensu fro 1952, e tand unfoy chaki quatrime fro 1963<ref name=":3" />.
Altri revues in Interlingue kontinuad tu apari durante disi tempe kom ''Cive del Munde'' (Suisia), ''Voce de Praha'' (Chekoslovakia), ''Sved Interlinguist'' (Suedia), ''International Memorandum'' ([[Unionati Regia]]), ''Interlinguistic Novas'' (Fransia), ''Jurnale Scolari International'' (Fransia), ''Buletine Pedagogic International'' (Fransia), ''Super li Frontieras'' (Fransia), ''Interlingue-Postillon'' (1958, Germania), ''Novas de Oriente'' (1958, Japan), ''Amicitie european'' (1959, Suisia), ''Teorie e practica'' (Suisia-Chekoslovakia, 1967), e ''Novas in Interlingue'' (Chekoslovakia, 1971).<ref name=":4" />
Barandovská-Frank kredad ke li refluxe in intereso in Occidental-Interlingue eventad al sami tempe ke li oldesko del generatione ke esed atraktet unesmi ek altri lingues planat:
<blockquote>
Mult de tes interesat in Interlingue apartenad al generatione ke konoseskad volapük, esperando ed ido, plu tardim trovant li maxim esteti (esentialim naturali) solutione in Occidental-Interlingue. Mult sekuentim movad a Interlingua de IALA, kel tamen non pruvad es mult plu suksese malgre li impresione ke lun origine siential fad, e tes quo restad loyal a Occidental-Interlingue non suksedad in parta lesen entusiasme kun li novi generatione.<ref name=":4" />
</blockquote>
Li aktiveso in Interlingue '''reached'' lun maxim basi punktu in li yares 1980 e komenso de 1990, kand li publikatione de Cosmoglotta sesad kelk yares. Durante ke li nombre 269 esed publikat in 1972 after publika unfoy chaki sesone inter 1963<ref name=":3" />, li nombre 289 non aparid til somre 2000<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, Summer 2000|url=http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/Cg289/cg289.htm2018-12-13|archive-date=2021-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922200525/http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/Cg289/cg289.htm}}</ref> por un medivalore de min kam un nombre chaki yare. Segun Harlow, "in 1985 li lasti periodale, Cosmoglotta, sesad publikatione, e lun editere, Siniore Adrian Pilgrim, es sitat kom havent deskriptad Occidental kom 'morti lingue'"<ref name="harlow2000" />. Un dekade plu tard, un dokumentali filme in 1994 da Steve Hawley e Steyger pri lingues planat prisentad li parlere de Occidental Donald Gasper kom "un del lasti parleres del lingue Occidental"<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hawley|first=Steve|title=Language Lessons 1994|date=2010-06-01|url=https://vimeo.com/121976732019-01-30|archive-date=2019-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211190635/https://vimeo.com/12197673}}</ref>.
Kom eventad kun li altri lingues planat, li venio de Interete stimulad li rivivatione de Interlingue<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf2019-01-22|archive-date=2019-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf}}</ref>. In li yare 1999 li unesmi Yahoo! grupe in Occidental esed kreat, ''Cosmoglotta'' had komensat tu publika denove, e li lingue deveni teme de diskusione in literature pri lingues auxiliari<ref>{{Cite web|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/historie.html2019-01-30|website=www.ie-munde.com|archive-date=2019-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130162516/https://www.ie-munde.com/historie.html}}</ref>. Un exemple es ''The Esperanto Book'', publikat in 1995 da Harlow, quo skriptad ke Occidental haved un emfase intentional in formes european e ke kelk de lun principali sekueres haved un filosofia eurosentrali, kel poves had hindrat lun propagatione<ref name="harlow2000" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 33|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=39&size=452020-12-20|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203551/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=39&size=45}}</ref>. Tamen, li visione oposit<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 64|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=68&size=45|quote=Yo confesse que yo vide poc in li Europan cultura del ultim 1900 annus quel es tam remarcabilmen preciosi. To quo es max visibil es tyrannie, oppression, guerres e nigri superstition.2020-10-18|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014456/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=68&size=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1949, p.108|url=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131845221/Cosmoglotta%20A%20149%20%28oct%201949%29|quote=In ti témpor yo esset in Sydney, e pro que yo havet grand interesse por li indigenes e volet converter mi blanc fratres a un bon opinion pri ili, yo scrit in li presse pri ti heroic action e comparat li brutalitá del blanc rasse con li conciliantie e self-sacrificie del negros.2020-10-18|archive-date=2020-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724141051/http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131845221/Cosmoglotta%20A%20149%20%28oct%201949%29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1937|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1937&size=45&page=114|quote=JAPAN: Kokusaigo-Kenkyusho, Daita 11-784, Setagaya, TOKIO (Pch. Tokio 62 061)2019-01-29|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415015404/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1937&size=45&page=114}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1958, p. 66, 77|website=[[GitHub]]|url=https://github.com/occidental-lang/occidental-lang.github.io/blob/master/resources/Cosmoglotta_V_1958.pdf2020-12-22|archive-date=2021-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915114204/https://github.com/occidental-lang/occidental-lang.github.io/blob/master/resources/Cosmoglotta_V_1958.pdf}}</ref> esed anke komuni in li komuneso e Occidental ganad adheseres in mult nationes, inklusent nationes asian. Un Wikipedie in Interlingue esed apruvat in 2004. In yares resenti renkontros ofisial de parleres de Interlingue ha rikomensa: un in Ulm in 2013<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Litt incontra in Ulm.|journal=IE-MUNDE (Revúe in Interlingue-Occidental) Numeró 7 – Octobre 2013}}</ref>, un altri in Munich in 2014 kun tri partisiperes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/incontra-de-interlingue-7-im-de-april-2014-in-muenchen.html|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|website=www.ie-munde.com2019-01-30|archive-date=2019-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130162556/https://www.ie-munde.com/incontra-de-interlingue-7-im-de-april-2014-in-muenchen.html}}</ref>, e un triesmi in Ulm li yare sekuenti kun sink<ref>{{Cite journal|title=TRIESIM MINI-INCONTRA DE INTERLINGUE|journal=IE-MUNDE (Revúe in Interlingue-Occidental) Numeró 11 – Octobre 2015}}</ref>.
In yares resenti, nov libres ha esed publikat in Interlingue, kom ''[[Li Mikri Prinse]]'',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/textus-in-interlingue.html2022-01-23|website=www.ie-munde.com}}</ref> li [[Evangelie segun Mark]],<ref name=":0"/> [[wikibooks:Salute,_Jonathan!|Salute, Jonathan!]], e textes da [[Vicente Costalago]]: ''Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas'', ''Antologie hispan,'' and ''Fabules, racontas e mites''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas|oclc=}}</ref><ref name="fabules">{{Cite book|title=Fabules, racontas e mites|oclc=}}</ref>
== Gramatike ==
=== Alfabete e pronuntiatione ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Litere<ref name="pbgrammar">[http://interlingue.pbworks.com/w/page/4887780/Grammatica%20de%20Interlingue%20%28English%29#alfabet Grammatica de Interlingue in English] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102212130/http://interlingue.pbworks.com/w/page/4887780/Grammatica%20de%20Interlingue%20%28English%29#alfabet|date=2013-11-02}}, F. Haas 1956. Read 31 October 2013.</ref>
|A
|B
|C
|D
|E
|F
|G
|H
|I
|J
|K
|L
|M
|N
|O
|P
|Q
|R
|S
|T
|U
|V
|W
|X
|Y
|Z
|-
!AFI
|/a/
|/b/
|/k/, /ts/
|/d/
|/e/
|/f/
|/g/, /dʒ/
|/h/
|/i/
|/ʒ/
|/k/
|/l/
|/m/
|/n/
|/o/
|/p/
|/k/
|/r/
|/s/, /z/
|/t/, /ts/
|/u/
|/v/
|/w/
|/ks/
|/j/, /y/
|/z/
|}
* ''c'' es pronuntiat kom /ts/ avan ''e'', ''i'', ''y'', altrilok /k/
* ''cc'' es pronuntiat kom /kts/ avan ''e'', ''i'', ''y'', altrilok /k/
* ''g'' e ''gg'' es pronuntiat kom /dʒ/ avan ''e'', ''i'', ''y'', altrilok /g/
* ''gu'' es pronuntiat kom /gw/ avan vokales, altrilok /gu/
* ''ni'' es pronuntiat kom /ɲ/ avan vokales, altrilok /ni/
* ''s'' es pronuntiat kom /z/ in medie de du vokales, altrilok /s/
* ''t'' ed ''i'' plu un altri vokal es pronuntiat kom ''c'', altrilok /t/
=== Artikle ===
Interlingue have artikles definit e nondefinit. Li artikle definit es ''li'', e li nondefinit es ''un''.
Li plural es fat adint ''-s'' after li vokal, o ''-es'' after maxim konsonantes. Vordes finint in -c, -g, ed -m sol adi -s: un libre, du libre'''s''', li tric, li tric'''s''', li plug, li plug'''s''', li album, pluri album'''s'''.<ref name="pbgrammar" />
Li fine del artikle definit pove es modifikat a ''lo'' (maskulin), ''la'' (feminin), ''lu'' (neutri), ''lis'' (plural), ''los'' (maskuin plural), e ''las'' (feminin plural).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 96|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=104&size=452020-12-23|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203559/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=104&size=45}}</ref>
=== Pronomes personal ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |
!
!
!mas.
!fem.
!n.
!
!
!
!mas.
!fem.
|-
!Subjekte
|yo
|tu
|il
|ella
|it
|noi
|vu
|ili
|(illos)
|(ellas)
|-
!Objekte
|me
|te
|le
|la
|it
|nos
|vos
|les
|(los)
|(las)
|}
=== Posesivi ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Pronomes
|mi(s)
|tui(s)
|su(s)
|nor(es)
|vor(es)
|lor(es)
|-
!Adjektives
|mi
|tu
|su
|nor
|vor
|lor
|}
=== Korelatives ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!QU-
(interrogative/relative)
!T-
(demonstrative)
!ALQU-
(undefined)
!NEQU-
(negative)
!-CUNC
(indeterminate)
!'''Ø'''
(collective)
|-
| -I
(persons,
standard demonstrative)
|qui
(que)
|ti
(te)
|alqui
(kelke)
|nequi
(nule)
|quicunc
(whoever)
|omni
(omnes)
|-
| -O
(things)
|quo
(what)
|to
(that)
|alquo
(something)
|nequo
(nothing)
|quocunc
(whatever)
|omno
(all)
|-
| -EL
(both persons and things)
|quel
(which)
|tel
(such)
|alquel
(any)
|nequel
|quelcunc
(whichever)
|chascun
(each)
|-
| -AL
(quality)
|qual
(which, what a)
|tal
(that)
|alqual
(any kind)
|nequal
|qualcunc
|
|-
| -AM
(way, mode)
|quam
(as)
|tam
(so)
|alquam
(anyhow)
|nequam
|quamcunc
(however)
|
|-
| -ANT
(quantity)
|quant
(how many)
|tant
(so much)
|alquant
(somewhat)
|nequant
|quantcunc
|
|-
| -ANDE
(tempe)
|quande
(quand)
|tande
(tand )
|alquande
|nequande
(nulitem)
|quandecunc
|sempre
(omnitem)
|-
| -U
(place)
|u
(where)
|ci / ta
(here / there)
|alcu
(somewhere)
|necu
(nowhere)
|ucunc
(anywhere)
|partú
(everywhere)
|}
== Literature ==
Li chefe literatural textes in Interlingue aparid in Cosmoglotta. Lu have anke kelki textes, ambi originali e traduktet, publikat in Interlingue.
Kelki textes publikat in Interlingue es:
* Kajš, Jan Amos (1938) ''Krasina, raconta del subterrania del Moravian carst''.
* Podobský, Jaroslav (1935/1947) ''Li astres del Verne''.
* Costalago, Vicente (2021) ''Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas''<ref>[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/li-sercha-in-li-castelle-dewahl-e-altri-racontas/paperback/product-4gj9w8.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas]</ref>.
* Costalago, Vicente (2021) ''Antologie hispan''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antologie hispan |url=https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/antologie-hispan/paperback/product-pmknpz.html?page=1&pageSize=4 |accessdate=2022-05-23 |archive-date=2022-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409004527/https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/antologie-hispan/paperback/product-pmknpz.html?page=1&pageSize=4 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>.
* Costalago, Vicente (2021) ''Fabules, racontas e mites''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fabules, racontas e mites |url=https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/fabules-contes-e-mites/paperback/product-4g6ezk.html?page=1&pageSize=4 |accessdate=2022-05-23 |archive-date=2022-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409004527/https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/fabules-contes-e-mites/paperback/product-4g6ezk.html?page=1&pageSize=4 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>.
* Costalago, Vicente (2021) ''Li tresor de Fluvglant''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Li tresor de Fluvglant |url=https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/li-tresor-de-fluvglant/paperback/product-8grj8y.html?page=1&pageSize=4 |accessdate=2022-05-23 |archive-date=2022-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222181751/https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/li-tresor-de-fluvglant/paperback/product-8grj8y.html?page=1&pageSize=4 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>.
=== Autores ===
Li chefi autores que ha skripte originali literature in Interlingue es:
* [[Jan Amos Kajš]]
* [[Jaroslav Podobský]]
* [[Engelbert Pigal]]
* [[Abram Kofman]]
* [[A.E. Cortinas]]
* [[Ilmari Federn]]
* [[Thomas Schmidt]]
* [[Dorlota Burdon]]
* [[Vicente Costalago]]
== Referos ==
<div style="height: 200px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid gray; padding-right: 12px; background-color: #F8F8FF; "><small><references/></small></div>
== Extri linkes ==
=== Periodales ===
* [http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/ Cosmoglotta]
* [https://cosmoglotta.blogspot.com Cosmoglotta de 1922 a 1951]
* [http://www.ie-munde.com/ IE-Munde - Jurnal e information pri Interlingue con ligamentes extensiv]
=== Historie ===
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132205656/Cosmoglotta%20B%20008%20%28nov-dec%201936%29 Li developation de Occidental]
=== Gramatike ===
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130747986/Cosmoglotta%20B%20035%20%28jun%201942%29 Li fonetica de Occidental]
* [http://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Resume_de_gramatica_de_Interlingue_%28Occidental%29 Resume de gramatica de Interlingue (Occidental)]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130951971/Cosmoglotta%20B%20082%20%28jul%201946%29 Li usation del témpores in Occidental]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130961382/Cosmoglotta%20B%20084%20%28sep%201946%29 Passate composit]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130962387/Cosmoglotta%20B%20085%20%28nov%201946%29 Hay]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130944903/Cosmoglotta%20B%20081%20%28may%201946%29 Li preposition]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130954200/Cosmoglotta%20B%20083%20%28aug%201946%29 Sufixes de colection]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130974729/Cosmoglotta Li rol del privatives in Occidental]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130951971/Cosmoglotta%20B%20082%20%28jul%201946%29 Titulaturas in Occidental]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130993539/Cosmoglotta%20B%20089%20%28may%201947%29 Sufixes de persones]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131016867/Cosmoglotta%20B%20093%20%28oct%201947%29 Li usa del pronómines personal pos prepositiones]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131045520/Cosmoglotta%20B%20095%20%28dec%201947%29 Casu pos prepositiones]
* [http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130859790/Cosmoglotta%20B%20070%20%28may%201945%29 Standardisation de Occidental]
=== Altri ===
* [http://interlingue.narod.ru/vocabulariums.htm Dictionarium e vocabularium]
* [https://glosbe.com/ie/en Interlingue-anglesi] e [https://glosbe.com/ie/de interlingue-german] dictionariums con traduction-memories che Glosbe
* [http://interlingue.blogspot.com Leturas in Occidental]
* [http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/interlingue-occidental/ Li Yahoo-gruppe de Interlingue-Occidental]
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/403123056383240/ Li Facebook-gruppe de Interlingue-Occidental]
* [http://interlingue.pbworks.com/ interlingue.pbworks.com Interlingue Occidental]
* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gelftqO9zPPi0KUkqdjOjikax2O1GvBL/view Cursu in 10 letiones] (PDF, Anglesi, 0,6 MB)
* [[wikibooks:Salute,_Jonathan!|Salute, Jonathan!]] - un libre por aprender Occidental per li natur-metode che Wikibooks
* [https://occidental-lang.com/ Occidental, the International Auxiliary Language]
=== Literature ===
* [https://occidental-lang.com/LiLittPrince/ Li Litt Prince]
* [https://occidental-lang.com/photogen-e-nycteris/ Li Romance de Photogen e Nycteris]
=== Altri libres ===
* [https://www.academia.edu/31411097/Linzbach_Jacob_1921_Transcendent_algebra_Ideografie_matematical_experiment_de_un_lingue_filosofic_Reval_Estonia_Edition_de_Autor_Litografia_Lantzky_and_Co_Reval Linzbach, Jacob. 1921. Transcendent algebra: Ideografie matematical, experiment de un lingue filosofic]
* [https://occidental-lang.com/resources/Historie.pdf Historie], da Vicente Costalago
* [https://occidental-lang.com/resources/Cultura_classic.pdf Cultura classic], da Vicente Costalago
* [https://occidental-lang.com/resources/Geografie.pdf Geografie], da Vicente Costalago
* [https://occidental-lang.com/resources/Mathematica.pdf Mathematica], da Vicente Costalago
{{Lingue Interlingue}}{{Konstrukteti lingues}}
[[Category:Interlingue]]
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