Wikiphidiya nrwiki https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.4 first-letter Iinrhatjhi Khethekileko Asiqongelane Umsebenzisi Umsebenzisi asiqongelane Wikiphidiya Wikiphidiya asiqongelane Isimumathi Isimumathi asiqongelane MediaWiki MediaWiki asiqongelane Umhlahlandlelasakhiwo Umhlahlandlelasakhiwo asiqongelane Lisizo Lisizo asiqongelane Mkhakha Mkhakha asiqongelane TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 397 3153 3140 2025-06-12T20:46:12Z 46.106.19.151 3153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nd/Infobox disease | name = Ubulwelwe iLitjhimanisi obutholakala ngokulunywa yingongwana | image = Skin ulcer due to leishmaniasis, hand of Central American adult 3MG0037 lores.jpg | caption = Ubulwelwe iLitjhimanisi obutholakala ngokulunywa yingongwana esikhumbeni[[esandleni]]sesakhamuzi esihlala e-Amerikha | Field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | pronounce = Leishmaniasis {{IPAc-en|ˌ|l|iː|ʃ|m|ə|ˈ|n|aɪ|ə|s|ɪ|s}}<br>leishmaniosis {{IPAc-en|l|iː|ʃ|ˌ|m|eɪ|n|ɪ|ˈ|əʊ|s|ɪ|s}} or {{IPAc-en|l|iː|ʃ|ˌ|m|æ|n|ɪ|ˈ|əʊ|s|ɪ|s}}<ref>http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/leishmaniasis</ref> | ICD10 = {{Wp/nd/ICD10|B|55||b|50}} | ICD9 = {{Wp/nd/ICD9|085}} | DiseasesDB = 3266 | DiseasesDB_mult = {{DiseasesDB2|29171}}<!-- {{DiseasesDB2|3266}} {{DiseasesDB2|7070}} --> | MedlinePlus = 001386 | eMedicineSubj = emerg | eMedicineTopic = 296 | MeshID = D007896 }} ''' iLitjhimanisi '''ungayibiza uthi'''yilitjhimanisi''', bulwelwe [[obubangwa]] silwanyana esincani [[esibizwa ngokuthi]]yi-phrotozowa ephila ngokuhlala kezinye iinlwana/abantu bona iphile [[itheleleka]] ngokulunywa [[mhlobo othize wengogwana]].<ref name=WHO2014/> Ubulwelwe lobu bungavela ngeendlela ezintathu: [[Ubulwelwe iLitjhimanisi obutholakala ngokulunywa yingongwana esikhumbeni| ukulunywa yingogwana esikhunjeni]] ukutheleleka esikhumbeni nomzimba woke, nofana[[ubulwelwe iLitjhimanisi nasele busezingeni eliphezulu khulu ngemva ngokulunywa yingongwana esikhumbeni -i-viserali ]].<ref name=WHO2014>{{Wp/nd/cite web|title=Leishmaniasis Fact sheet N°375|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs375/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=17 February 2014|date=January 2014}}</ref> Ubulwelwe iLitjhimanisi obutholakala ngokulunywa yingongwana esikhumbeni benza umuntu avele isilonda sangaphakathi esikhunjeni, bese ukutheleleka esikhumbeni nomzimba woke kubonakala lokha sele itheleleka esikhumbeni yenze isilonda emlonyeni kanye nepumulweni, bese iLitjhimanisi nasele isezingeni eliphezulu khulu ngemva ngokulunywa yingongwana esikhumbeni ibonakala ngesilonda esingendeni esiphathisa ihloko nomgomani, ibangela namasotja womzimba abe bovu, kanye nokuvuvukisa isibindi. <ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=Barrett2012/> <!-- Cause and diagnosis --> Kunemihlobohlobo ema-20 yeengogwana "zeLitjhimaniya" ezibamba abantu abaphilako<ref name=WHO2014/> Unobangela wobulwelwe lobu nobungozi babo bufaka hlangana ubuchaka, ukungadli ukudla okunepilo, ukususwa nokutjhiswa kwamahlathi, kanye nokuthutha kwabantu bayokuhlala emadorobhei khulu.<ref name=WHO2014/> Yoke imihlobo emithathu yobulwelwe lobu bungabonwa ngesilwanyana nofana ingogwana ephila ngezinye iinlwana kwaphela ngokusetjenziswa komtjhini onerhalasi okhulisa izinto ezincani zibe zikulu.<ref name=WHO2014/> Ukungezelela kilokho, ubulwelwe iLitjhimanisi nasele busezingeni eliphezulu khulu ngemva ngokulunywa yingongwana esikhumbeni -i-viserali bungabonwa kwaphela ngokuhlolwa kweengazi zaloyo othelelekileko.<ref name=Barrett2012/> <!-- Prevention and treatment --> Ubulwelwe iLitjhimanisi bungavikelwa ngkuthi ulale ngaphakathi kwenedi yetende[[ ethelwe ngesihlahla sokuvikela iingogwan]].<ref name=WHO2014/> Ezinye zeendlela zokuvikela kufaka hlangana nokufufuzela isifufuzeli sokuvikela ukulunywa ziingogwana ukwazi ukuzibulala kanye nokulatjhwa kwabantu abangenwe bulwelwe lobu kusese nesikhathi bungakasabalali umzimba woke.<ref name=WHO2014/> Ukulatjhwa okutlhogekako kwenziwa nange kwaziwa bona ubulwelwe lobu buthalakele kiyiphi indawo, umhlobo "weLitjhiminiya" kanye nehlobo lengongwana engenileko.<ref name=WHO2014/> Ezinye zeenhlahla ezingalapha iLitjhimanisi nasele [https://www.pandaboyama.com.tr/ boyama] esezingeni eliphezulu khulu ngemva ngokulunywa yingongwana esikhumbeni [[ kufaka hlangana i-liposomal amphotericin B]],<ref name=Sun2013/> ihlanganiso le[[le-pentavalent antimonials]]kanye [[ne-}paromomycin]],<ref name=Sun2013>{{Wp/nd/cite journal|last=Sundar|first=S|author2=Chakravarty, J |title=Leishmaniasis: an update of current pharmacotherapy.|journal=Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy|date=Jan 2013|volume=14|issue=1|pages=53–63|pmid=23256501|doi=10.1517/14656566.2013.755515}}</ref> and [[miltefosine]].<ref name=Dor2012>{{Wp/nd/cite journal|last=Dorlo|first=TP|author2=Balasegaram, M |author3=Beijnen, JH |author4= de Vries, PJ |title=Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis.|journal=The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy|date=Nov 2012|volume=67|issue=11|pages=2576–97|pmid=22833634|doi=10.1093/jac/dks275}}</ref>iLitjhimanisi obutholakala ngokulunywa yingongwana esikhumbeni, yi-paramomycin[[, i-fluconazole]], nofana[[i-pentamidine]] nayo ingasebenza kuhle ukulapha.<ref name=Min2007>{{Wp/nd/cite journal|last=Minodier|first=P|author2=Parola, P |title=Cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.|journal=Travel medicine and infectious disease|date=May 2007|volume=5|issue=3|pages=150–8|pmid=17448941|doi=10.1016/j.tmaid.2006.09.004}}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology --> Abantu ababalelwa eegigidini ezili-12 baphethwe bulwelwe lobu njenganje<ref name=Mag>{{Wp/nd/cite web|title=Leishmaniasis Magnitude of the problem|url=http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/burden/magnitude/burden_magnitude/en/index.html|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=17 February 2014}}</ref> eenrheni ezingaba ma-98.<ref name=Barrett2012>{{Wp/nd/cite journal|last=Barrett|first=MP|author2=Croft, SL |title=Management of trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.|journal=British medical bulletin|year=2012|volume=104|pages=175–96|pmid=23137768|doi=10.1093/bmb/lds031|pmc=3530408}}</ref> Kubikwa amacala ukufikelela iingidigidi ezi-2<ref name=Barrett2012/> bese kuthi hlangana nama-20 weekulungwana kanye nama-50 weenkuungana zokubhubha kwabantu ngomnyaka.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=Loz2012>{{Wp/nd/cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> Ukubalelwa ematjhumini ama-200&nbsp; iingidigidi zabantu abahlala e-Asia,Afrika,iSewula neNgaphakathi le-Amerikha, isewula yeYurobhu bahlala eendaweni lapha ubulwelwe lobu bujayelekele khona.<ref name=Barrett2012/><ref>{{Wp/nd/cite journal|last=Ejazi|first=SA|author2=Ali, N |title=Developments in diagnosis and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis during the last decade and future prospects.|journal=Expert review of anti-infective therapy|date=Jan 2013|volume=11|issue=1|pages=79–98|pmid=23428104|doi=10.1586/eri.12.148}}</ref> I[[hlangano yeZepilo yePhasi Zombelele-WHO]]iphulelwe iintengo eziyibhadala ukuthenga iinhlahla zokulapha ubulwelwe lobu<ref name=Barrett2012/> Ubulwelwe lobu bungatheleleka nakezinye iinlwana ezimbalwa, ukufaka[[iLitjhimanisisi |yezinja]] kanye [[naborodo besiganga]].<ref name=WHO2014/> == isikhombiso esikulayela bona ilwazi elithileko ungalitholaphi == {{Wp/nr/Reflist|colwidth=25em}} [[Mkhakha:Wp/nd]] ceszp3e6ha6lnk4bmmm4mkbwv22c5tl 0 632 3152 2025-06-12T19:12:05Z Jetro mahlangu 588 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1277903833|Mbuyisa Makhubo]]" 3152 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hector_pieterson.jpg|thumb|Makhubu aphethe u Hector Pieterson odumuzwe mapholisa we Sewula Afrika (1976).]] '''U-Mbuyisa Makhubu''' (wabelethwa ngo-1957 nofana ngo-1958) mlweli weSewula Afrika olwa nebandlululo owanyamalala ngo-1979. Wakhula waduma ngemva kobana abonakale athwele u-Hector Pieterson esithombeni esithathwe ngu -Sam Nzima ngemva kobana u-Pieterson adumuzwe ngesikhathi se [[16 JUNE 1976|-Soweto Uprising]] ngo-1976. Nanyana isithombe sibekezele, kuncani okwaziwako ngoMakhubu. Ngemva kobana isithombe sisatjalazwe u Makhubu watlhoriswa bonogada,bekwamu katelela bonyana abaleke e [[Isewula Afrika|South Africa]]. Umma wakhe u Nombulelo Makhubu watjela i Truth and Reconciliation Commission bonyana uthole incwadi esuka kuye ase Nigeria ngomnyaka ka 1978 ,kodwana solo kwalokho khange azwe litho elibuya kuye..wahlongakala ngomnyaka ka 2004,ngaphandle kokwazi bonyana kwenzakalani ngendodanakhe.U Mbuyisa waye ngomunye wabatjhotjhozeli be South Africa abanikelwa indawo e Nigeria ngemva kwesehlakalo se Soweto . Waye angomunye kwabathathu abafakwa e boarding high school e South-Western Nigeria-Federal Government College,ngomnyaka ka 1976-1977,kodwana boke babhalelwa kufunda kwabakatelela bonyana bafuduswe kungakapheli umnyaka . Ngomnyaka ka-2013, kwavela iinsolo zokuthi indoda, u-Victor Vinnetou, ebegade ivalelwe ejele e-Canada iminyaka ebunane edlulileko ngamacala wokufuduka bekungu-Makhubu. Kwenziwa iimhloliso zezakhi zofuzo ukuthola bona bekanguMbuyisa Makhubo kwamambala na. Kwabikwa ngokukhamba kwesikhathi bona iimhloliso ze-DNA akhange ziqinisekise isimangalo sendoda le sokuthi nguMakhubu, okudanisako emndenini kaMakhubu, nanyana ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kwabikwa bona kwenziwa elungwini lomndeni elingenabudlelwano begazi nababelethi bobabili. Ukusukela ngomnyaka ka-2020, akwaziwa bona ukuphi. <ref name="disappeared" /> Ngomnyaka ofanako, idokhumentari eneziqephu ezine ebizwa nge- ''Through The Cracks'', eyakhutjhwa ngeminyaka ema-44 yokuvukela umbuso mhlana ali-16 kuMgwengweni wango-2020, yanikela ngemininingwana engakakhulunywa ngaphambilini ngepilo ka-Makhubu. Kwabikwa nokuthi iplakhi yamagugu ekhumbula uMakhubu izokufakwa mhlana ali-16 kuMgwengweni wee-2020, nayo. * U-Davie, u-Lucille. "U-Hector Pieterson Ufumana Isikhumbuzo Sakhe." [https://web.archive.org/web/20070519061318/http://www.joburg.org.za/october/hector.stm Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yedorobha le-Johannesburg] * U-Davie, u-Lucille. "Ilanga u-Hector Pieterson ahlongakala ngalo." SA Web Directory == Iinkomba == {{Reflist}}  raioddrtr234r68wti5jmp4b4gklr2v