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U-Zacharias Wagenaer
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2026-04-30T10:31:51Z
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Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348733527|Zacharias Wagenaer]]"
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'''U-Zacharias Wagenaer''' (owaziwa ngo ''-Wagener'', ''Wagenaar'' no ''-Wagner'' ) (10 Meyi 1614 – 12 Okthoba 1668) bekangumtloli womDatjhi owabelethelwa e-Germany, umdwebi weenthombe, umthengisi, ilunga leKhotho yoBulungiswa, umphathi we-Deshima kanye nomnqophisi weKoloni yamaDatjhi eseKapa. Eminyakeni ema-35 wakhamba iinarhakazi ezine.
== Umlando ==
=== Ipilwakhe Yekukhuleni Nebizelo ===
U-Zacharias bekayindodana yejaji yom-''Saxon'' nomdwebi. Ngo-1633 wasuka e-Dresden wadlula e-Hamburg waya e -Amsterdam . Lapho wasebenzela u-Willem Blaeu . Kungakapheli umnyaka watlolisa njengesotja emabuthweni we-<nowiki><i>Dutch West India Company</i></nowiki> ukuyokulwa e-''"New Holland"'' (i-''Dutch Brazil'') ngo-1634. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, waqatjhwa njengomtloli mbusi wekoloni leyo, u-Count John Maurice, iKosana ye-Nassau-Siegen . E-Recife bekaphethe idayari enemifanekiso eli-109 yemibala yamanzi yeemfesi ezikarisako, iinyoni ezingakajayeleki, iinlwana ezilisizo neziyingozi, iinthelo ezimnandi neenbungu ezimbi ezinetjhefu, nabantu abakhulu, abazotho nofana abanzima, nakangadangisako wababiza ngokuthi "Thier-Buch". Kuneenthombe zefesi ezinehloko yehamura, ifesi i-filefish, i-Serranidae, ne -Cirripedia. Mhla ali-1 kuMrhayili 1641, watjhiya i-Dutch Brazil, wafika e-Texel mhla ali-17 kuMgwengweni. Wabuyela emuva e-Dresden wafika mhlana ali-12 kuNobayeni. Ngemva kweenyanga ezine, watjhiya i-Dresden ukubuyela e-Netherlands wafika e-Amsterdam mhla ama-29 kuNtaka 1642,<ref name="chu32" /> begodu wathola isikhundla ekhamphanini i-<nowiki><i>Dutch East India Company</i></nowiki> ( NgesiDatjhi: ''Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie,'' evame ukurhunyezwa ngokuthi yi-VOC).
=== Ikhambo LamaDatjhi Lokuya ENdiya ===
[[Isimumathi:Meireki_fire.JPG|thumb|UmLilo omKhulu we-Meireki owathatha amalanga amathathu begodu kungenzeka ubangele ukufa kwabantu abayi-100,000. Imizamo yokwakha kabutjha yathatha iminyaka emibili, njengoba i-''shogunate'' yathatha ithuba lokuhlela kabutjha idorobha ngokuya ngezinto ezihlukahlukeneko eziphathekako.]]
Mhla amalanga ama-29 kuKhukhulamungu ngo-1642 wakhamba ngesikepe asendleleni etjhinga eNdiya njengomuntu oyokufunda umsebenzi (NgesiDatjhi: ''adelborst''). Wafika e-Batavia mhla ali-17 kuMrhayili 1643 ngesikepe i-Zwaan begodu msinyana ngemva kwalokho waqatjhwa Mbusi u-Antonie van Diemen njengomkopitjhi. Bekaqalwa njengomdwebi owakopa imifanekiso engaphezu kwama-50 phakathi kukaMgwengweni noNobayeni 1643 wayidweba encwadini esemthethweni yekhamba lika-Abel Tasman lango-1642-43 lapha u-Tasman waba mumuntu wokuthoma we-Yurobhu ukubona i-Tasmania, e-New Zealand kanye neenhlengele ezinengi ze-''Tongan Archipelago''. Ngo-1646 waba mthengisi ongaphasi kwabanye abathengisi begodu ngo-1651 waba mthengisi ozijameleko. Kathathu waba lilunga leKhotho yoBulungiswa e-Batavia. Ngo-1653 waya e-Canton ukuyokuvula ubudlelwano bokurhweba, okwaba yinto engasizi ngalitho, ngebanga lepi yombango ngemva kokuwa kwe-<nowiki><i>Ming Dynasty</i></nowiki>.
Ngo-1657 waphakama ngesikhundla waba yi-<nowiki><i>opperhoofd</i></nowiki> (isikhulu esiphezulu) se-VOC esihlengeleni esincani e- ''Nagasaki Bay'' esihlengeleni seJapani se-Kyushu, e-Dejima. Wakhamba waya enhlokodorobha ye-Edo ngomsebenzi wejima lamaDatjhi begodu waphunyuka edorobheni ebelitjha, okwathoma mhla ama-2 kuNtaka 1657. (Kunomdwebo wesandla sakhe eMnyuziyamu we-Edo-Tokyo .) Ngo-1659, njengomunye "we-''opperhoofden''" yokuthoma, wahlela isidlo sakusihlwa, ebesinokudla okuma-20 okuhlukahlukeneko. : U-Wagener wenza umtlamo we- <nowiki><i>porcelain</i></nowiki> yeJapani, ngokuya ngendlela yokuhlelwa kwesidlo ye-Europe ekhamba ibe nombala mhlophe nohlaza komkayi, nangamathuthumbo amanengi.
Ngo-1660 u-Wagner wabandakanyeka emikhulumiswaneni yokuthula nekosi ye-Makassar. Itheku belinabarhwebi bamaPutukezi abangaba ziin-2000 begodu iminyaka eminengi belithusela ukuqeda ukurhweba ngeenungo e-Moluccas. Ngomnyaka olandelako waba yihloko yezemiSebenzi yomPhakathi e-Batavia.
Ngo-1662 waya e -Cape of Good Hope nomndenakhe omncani, iinceku ezihlanu neenjomani ezimbili. Walandela u-Jan van Riebeeck njengombusi mhla asi-6 kuMrhayili womnyaka loyo. U-Riebeeck wasuka ngelanga elilandelako. NgoNobayeni 1663 wabawa i-Batavia bona imthumelele izinto zokubumba iimpoto ezivela e-Persia. <ref name="sch06" /> Wakhulumisana namaKhoikhoi ngeenkomo zeKhamphani. Ngokuzibamba kwakhe bona angasolo akhambakhamba u-Wagener wabeka umthethomgomo wokuthi angekhe angenele eempikiswaneni zeentjhaba zendabuko begodu angekhe athathe ihlangothi. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu yokufunda, umfundi weJarimani u-Georg Friedrich Wreede watlola isirhunyezo selimi lesiDatjhi nesi-Khoikhoi Ngu-Wagener wamkhetha bona enze njalo nabase-Mauritius.
U-Wagener bekangomunye wabantu abahlanu ababeka isisekelo se-<nowiki><i>Castle of Good Hope</i></nowiki>, eyathonywa ngoRhoboyi wango-1665. Wakha ibulungelo lamanzi, wanikela imikhumbi ngamanzi ahlanzekileko, wakha isibhedlela, isikolo nesonto. Ngo-1666 umkakhe u-Anna Auxbrebis, ebekatjhade naye ngo-1648, wahlongakala.
=== Ipilwakhe Yekuluphaleni ===
Mhla amalanga ama-27 kuKhukhulamungu 1666 u-Wagener watjhiya umsebenzi begodu wabuyela e-Batavia nendodakazi kamkakhe. Wathengisa iingqila zakhe ezivela e-Bengal. Wakhamba nezipho waya ukuyobona i- <nowiki><i>sushunan</i></nowiki> namkha umbusi we-Mataram, owala ukurhweba ne-VOC. Wathoma ikhambo leli anelwazi elincani lelimi lesiMalay nofana lesi-Javan, begodu umphumela womnqopho loyo khenge umsebenzele kuhle. Nanyana kunjalo, u-Wagener wavakatjhela i-Japara ngemva kwalokho. Ngemva komnyaka wabuyela emva e-Amsterdam njengesekela lomphathi omkhulu wezepi enarheni, kodwana bekagula. Wangcwatjwa mhlana ali-16 kuNobayeni 1668 eSontweni eliDala .
Omunye wemidwebo wedayari yakhe watjhugululwa ukusuka ku-<nowiki><i>High Dutch</i></nowiki> ukuya esiNgisini begodu wagadangiswa ngo-1704 nango-1732. Umtlolo wesandla onomdwebo wona loyo—kodwana ongesiJarimani—bewuyingcenye yeButhelelo lemiGadangiso neeNthombe (NgesiJamrimani ''Kupferstich-Kabinett'') we-<nowiki><i>Dresden State Art Collections</i></nowiki> kusukela ekuthomeni kwekhulu le-18. <ref name="michel87" />
=== Idlhego Lakhe Njenge-''Opperhoofd'' ===
U-Wagner wasebenza amathemu amabili njengo -<nowiki><i>opperhoofd</i></nowiki> ngokutjhuguluka no[[Joan Boucheljon|-Joan Boucheljon]] :
* U-Joan Bouchelion: 23 kuSewula1655 - 1 kuSinyikhaba 1656
* U-Zacharias Wagenaer [Wagener]: 1 kuSinyikhaba 1656 - 27 kuSewula 1657
* U-Joan Bouchelion: 27 kuSewula 1657 - 23 kuSewula 1658
* U-Zacharias Wagenaer [Wagener]: 22 kuSewula 1658 - 4 kuSinyikhaba 1659
* U-Joan Bouchelion: 4 kuSinyikhaba 1659 - 26 kuSewula 1660
== Ibuthelelo Leenthombe Zakhe ==
<gallery>
Isimumathi:Zacharias_Wagner_-_Insetos.jpg|alt=Insects, Kupferstich-Kabinett (Dresden)| Iinunwana, i-Kupferstich-Kabinett (Dresden)
Isimumathi:Zacharias_Wagner_-_Caranguejo.jpg|alt=Caranguejo (crab)| I-Caranguejo (ikala)
</gallery>
== Iinkomba ==
[[Mkhakha:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
mge09zadezd3q575zo87x0wmjf13zhu
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2026-04-30T10:37:03Z
Mosakaruka
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edited
6491
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''U-Zacharias Wagenaer''' (owaziwa ngo ''-Wagener'', ''Wagenaar'' no ''-Wagner'' ) (10 Meyi 1614 – 12 Okthoba 1668) bekangumtloli womDatjhi owabelethelwa e-Germany, umdwebi weenthombe, umthengisi, ilunga leKhotho yoBulungiswa, umphathi we-Deshima kanye nomnqophisi weKoloni yamaDatjhi eseKapa. Eminyakeni ema-35 wakhamba iinarhakazi ezine.
== Umlando ==
=== Ipilwakhe Yekukhuleni Nebizelo ===
U-Zacharias bekayindodana yejaji yom-''Saxon'' nomdwebi. Ngo-1633 wasuka e-Dresden wadlula e-Hamburg waya e -Amsterdam . Lapho wasebenzela u-Willem Blaeu . Kungakapheli umnyaka watlolisa njengesotja emabuthweni we-''Dutch West India Company'' ukuyokulwa e-''"New Holland"'' (i-''Dutch Brazil'') ngo-1634. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, waqatjhwa njengomtloli mbusi wekoloni leyo, u-Count John Maurice, iKosana ye-Nassau-Siegen . E-Recife bekaphethe idayari enemifanekiso eli-109 yemibala yamanzi yeemfesi ezikarisako, iinyoni ezingakajayeleki, iinlwana ezilisizo neziyingozi, iinthelo ezimnandi neenbungu ezimbi ezinetjhefu, nabantu abakhulu, abazotho nofana abanzima, nakangadangisako wababiza ngokuthi "''Thier-Buch''". Kuneenthombe zefesi ezinehloko yehamura, ifesi i-filefish, i-Serranidae, ne -Cirripedia. Mhla ali-1 kuMrhayili 1641, watjhiya i-Dutch Brazil, wafika e-Texel mhla ali-17 kuMgwengweni. Wabuyela emuva e-Dresden wafika mhlana ali-12 kuNobayeni. Ngemva kweenyanga ezine, watjhiya i-Dresden ukubuyela e-Netherlands wafika e-Amsterdam mhla ama-29 kuNtaka 1642,<ref name="chu32" /> begodu wathola isikhundla ekhamphanini i-''Dutch East India Company'' ( NgesiDatjhi: ''Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie,'' evame ukurhunyezwa ngokuthi yi-VOC).
=== Ikhambo LamaDatjhi Lokuya ENdiya ===
[[Isimumathi:Meireki_fire.JPG|thumb|UmLilo omKhulu we-Meireki owathatha amalanga amathathu begodu kungenzeka ubangele ukufa kwabantu abayi-100,000. Imizamo yokwakha kabutjha yathatha iminyaka emibili, njengoba i-''shogunate'' yathatha ithuba lokuhlela kabutjha idorobha ngokuya ngezinto ezihlukahlukeneko eziphathekako.]]
Mhla amalanga ama-29 kuKhukhulamungu ngo-1642 wakhamba ngesikepe asendleleni etjhinga eNdiya njengomuntu oyokufunda umsebenzi (NgesiDatjhi: ''adelborst''). Wafika e-Batavia mhla ali-17 kuMrhayili 1643 ngesikepe i-Zwaan begodu msinyana ngemva kwalokho waqatjhwa Mbusi u-Antonie van Diemen njengomkopitjhi. Bekaqalwa njengomdwebi owakopa imifanekiso engaphezu kwama-50 phakathi kukaMgwengweni noNobayeni 1643 wayidweba encwadini esemthethweni yekhamba lika-Abel Tasman lango-1642-43 lapha u-Tasman waba mumuntu wokuthoma we-Yurobhu ukubona i-Tasmania, e-New Zealand kanye neenhlengele ezinengi ze-''Tongan Archipelago''. Ngo-1646 waba mthengisi ongaphasi kwabanye abathengisi begodu ngo-1651 waba mthengisi ozijameleko. Kathathu waba lilunga leKhotho yoBulungiswa e-Batavia. Ngo-1653 waya e-Canton ukuyokuvula ubudlelwano bokurhweba, okwaba yinto engasizi ngalitho, ngebanga lepi yombango ngemva kokuwa kwe-<nowiki><i>Ming Dynasty</i></nowiki>.
Ngo-1657 waphakama ngesikhundla waba yi-<nowiki><i>opperhoofd</i></nowiki> (isikhulu esiphezulu) se-VOC esihlengeleni esincani e- ''Nagasaki Bay'' esihlengeleni seJapani se-Kyushu, e-Dejima. Wakhamba waya enhlokodorobha ye-Edo ngomsebenzi wejima lamaDatjhi begodu waphunyuka edorobheni ebelitjha, okwathoma mhla ama-2 kuNtaka 1657. (Kunomdwebo wesandla sakhe eMnyuziyamu we-Edo-Tokyo .) Ngo-1659, njengomunye "we-''opperhoofden''" yokuthoma, wahlela isidlo sakusihlwa, ebesinokudla okuma-20 okuhlukahlukeneko. : U-Wagener wenza umtlamo we- <nowiki><i>porcelain</i></nowiki> yeJapani, ngokuya ngendlela yokuhlelwa kwesidlo ye-Europe ekhamba ibe nombala mhlophe nohlaza komkayi, nangamathuthumbo amanengi.
Ngo-1660 u-Wagner wabandakanyeka emikhulumiswaneni yokuthula nekosi ye-Makassar. Itheku belinabarhwebi bamaPutukezi abangaba ziin-2000 begodu iminyaka eminengi belithusela ukuqeda ukurhweba ngeenungo e-Moluccas. Ngomnyaka olandelako waba yihloko yezemiSebenzi yomPhakathi e-Batavia.
Ngo-1662 waya e -Cape of Good Hope nomndenakhe omncani, iinceku ezihlanu neenjomani ezimbili. Walandela u-Jan van Riebeeck njengombusi mhla asi-6 kuMrhayili womnyaka loyo. U-Riebeeck wasuka ngelanga elilandelako. NgoNobayeni 1663 wabawa i-Batavia bona imthumelele izinto zokubumba iimpoto ezivela e-Persia. <ref name="sch06" /> Wakhulumisana namaKhoikhoi ngeenkomo zeKhamphani. Ngokuzibamba kwakhe bona angasolo akhambakhamba u-Wagener wabeka umthethomgomo wokuthi angekhe angenele eempikiswaneni zeentjhaba zendabuko begodu angekhe athathe ihlangothi. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu yokufunda, umfundi weJarimani u-Georg Friedrich Wreede watlola isirhunyezo selimi lesiDatjhi nesi-Khoikhoi Ngu-Wagener wamkhetha bona enze njalo nabase-Mauritius.
U-Wagener bekangomunye wabantu abahlanu ababeka isisekelo se-<nowiki><i>Castle of Good Hope</i></nowiki>, eyathonywa ngoRhoboyi wango-1665. Wakha ibulungelo lamanzi, wanikela imikhumbi ngamanzi ahlanzekileko, wakha isibhedlela, isikolo nesonto. Ngo-1666 umkakhe u-Anna Auxbrebis, ebekatjhade naye ngo-1648, wahlongakala.
=== Ipilwakhe Yekuluphaleni ===
Mhla amalanga ama-27 kuKhukhulamungu 1666 u-Wagener watjhiya umsebenzi begodu wabuyela e-Batavia nendodakazi kamkakhe. Wathengisa iingqila zakhe ezivela e-Bengal. Wakhamba nezipho waya ukuyobona i- <nowiki><i>sushunan</i></nowiki> namkha umbusi we-Mataram, owala ukurhweba ne-VOC. Wathoma ikhambo leli anelwazi elincani lelimi lesiMalay nofana lesi-Javan, begodu umphumela womnqopho loyo khenge umsebenzele kuhle. Nanyana kunjalo, u-Wagener wavakatjhela i-Japara ngemva kwalokho. Ngemva komnyaka wabuyela emva e-Amsterdam njengesekela lomphathi omkhulu wezepi enarheni, kodwana bekagula. Wangcwatjwa mhlana ali-16 kuNobayeni 1668 eSontweni eliDala .
Omunye wemidwebo wedayari yakhe watjhugululwa ukusuka ku-<nowiki><i>High Dutch</i></nowiki> ukuya esiNgisini begodu wagadangiswa ngo-1704 nango-1732. Umtlolo wesandla onomdwebo wona loyo—kodwana ongesiJarimani—bewuyingcenye yeButhelelo lemiGadangiso neeNthombe (NgesiJamrimani ''Kupferstich-Kabinett'') we-<nowiki><i>Dresden State Art Collections</i></nowiki> kusukela ekuthomeni kwekhulu le-18. <ref name="michel87" />
=== Idlhego Lakhe Njenge-''Opperhoofd'' ===
U-Wagner wasebenza amathemu amabili njengo -<nowiki><i>opperhoofd</i></nowiki> ngokutjhuguluka no[[Joan Boucheljon|-Joan Boucheljon]] :
* U-Joan Bouchelion: 23 kuSewula1655 - 1 kuSinyikhaba 1656
* U-Zacharias Wagenaer [Wagener]: 1 kuSinyikhaba 1656 - 27 kuSewula 1657
* U-Joan Bouchelion: 27 kuSewula 1657 - 23 kuSewula 1658
* U-Zacharias Wagenaer [Wagener]: 22 kuSewula 1658 - 4 kuSinyikhaba 1659
* U-Joan Bouchelion: 4 kuSinyikhaba 1659 - 26 kuSewula 1660
== Ibuthelelo Leenthombe Zakhe ==
<gallery>
Isimumathi:Zacharias_Wagner_-_Insetos.jpg|alt=Insects, Kupferstich-Kabinett (Dresden)| Iinunwana, i-Kupferstich-Kabinett (Dresden)
Isimumathi:Zacharias_Wagner_-_Caranguejo.jpg|alt=Caranguejo (crab)| I-Caranguejo (ikala)
</gallery>
== Iinkomba ==
[[Mkhakha:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
gmllraljs3e2bpyia5o4oufr7evevvg