Wikipedia omwiki https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuula_Dura MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 5241 45816 41649 2026-08-14T20:20:34Z InternetArchiveBot 8356 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 45816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Chagas disease | image = Trypanosoma cruzi crithidia.jpeg | Caption = Photomicrograph of [[Giemsa]]-stained ''Trypanosoma cruzi'' | field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | DiseasesDB = 13415 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|57||b|50}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|086}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 001372 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 327 | MeshID = D014355 }} '''Dhukkuba Chaagas''', YKN '''American trypanosomiasis''', kun [[dhukkuba naannoo mudhii lafaa|mudhii lafaa]] [[dhukkuba ilbiisotaan darbu]] kan uummamu [[protozo’a]] Maq. ''[[Trypanosomacruzi]]''.<ref name=WHO2013/> Yeroo baay’ee kan ittiin tamsa’u ilbiisa [[kissing bugs ]]jedhamtee beekamtuuni.<ref name=WHO2013/> Mallattoowwan erga dhukkubichi qaama keessa galee /faale/ kaasee jijjiirramaa deema. Sadarkaa jalqabaarratti, mallattoowwan hin mul’atan yookin dhukkubbi xiqqoo: kan akka hoo’ina qaamaa fi ita’uu [[mudaamuddii]], dhukkubbii mataa, YKN idoodhumtii ciniinname sun ita’utu mul’ata. <ref name=WHO2013/> Torban 8-12 booda,namootni gara sadarka dhukkubicha waliin yeroo dheeraa jiraachutti /Chronic/ itti waan ce’aniif dhibbanta 60-70% mallattoo dabalataa hin argisiisan. <ref name=Rassi2010>{{cite journal |author=Rassi A, Rassi A, Marin-Neto JA |title=Chagas disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-17-23-2010_375_9723/page/1388 |journal=Lancet |volume=375 |issue=9723 |pages=1388–402 |date=April 2010 |pmid=20399979 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60061-X}}</ref><ref name=Rassi2012>{{cite journal|last=RassiA|first=Jr|author2=Rassi, A|author3=Marcondes de Rezende, J|title=American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease).|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_infectious-disease-clinics-of-north-america_2012-06_26_2/page/275|journal=Infectious disease clinics of North America|date=June 2012|volume=26|issue=2|pages=275–91|pmid=22632639|doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.002}}</ref> Namootni kun dhibbantaa 30 hanga 40 erga faalamanii kaasee wagoota 10 fi 30 gidduutti mallattoowwan biraa argisiisuu malu. <ref name=Rassi2012/> Kunis guddachuu [[hidda onnee/ ventricles of the heart]] hanga dhibbanta 20-30 dabaluun gara [[dadhabuu onneetti/heart failure ]]geessa.<ref name=WHO2013/> kan [[megaesophagus|enlarged esophagus]] YKN [[megacolon|guddachuun qaama marumaanii]] namaoota dhibbantaa 10 ta’an irratti ni mul’ata.<ref name=WHO2013/> == Ka’uumsaa fi tooftaa ittin adda baasan== ''T. cruzi'' n yeroo baay’ee namaa fi bineeyyii hoosisanitti kan dadarbu ilbiisa [[hematophagy|dhiiga-xuuxxuu]] gosa "kissing bugs" jedhamtee beekamtuuni [[Triatominae]].<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|publisher=Centers for Disease Control (CDC) |url= http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/trypanosomiasisAmerican/ |title=DPDx&nbsp;– Trypanosomiasis, American. Fact Sheet |accessdate=12 May 2010}}</ref> Ilbiisonni kun iddoowwan adda addaatti maqaawwan adda addaatiin beekkamu, kunis: Arjentiinaa, Booliviya, Chiilii fi Paraguayi keessati ''vinchuca'', Braazil keessatti ''barbeiro'' (the [[barber surgeon|barber]]), Kolombiyaa keessatti ''pito'', giddu-gala Ameerikaa keessatti ''chinche'', akkasumas Venzuweelaa keessatti ''chipo'' jedhamuun beekkama. Dhukkubnni kun tarii [[dhiiga walii dabarsuudhan]], [[qaama nama tokkoo isa gara biraatiif dabarsanii dhaabudhaan]], nyaata dhukkubichaan faalame nyaachu, fi, [[daddarbii irraa gadee|haadharraa gara daa’imaatti ]]daddarbuu danda’a.<ref name=WHO2013/> Sadarkaa duraa/jalqabbii irratti maayikirooskooppii fayyadamuudhaan raammoo dhukkubicha fidu addaan baasun ni danda’ama. <ref name=Rassi2012/> Dhukkubichii yeroo dheera erga tureen booda [[aqaama ittiftuu /antibodies]]''T. cruzi'' dhiiga keessa ilaaludhaan addaan baasun ni danda’ama.<ref name=Rassi2012/> ==Ittisaa fi yaala == Dhukkubicha ittisuuf yeroo baay’ee ilbiisa “kissing bugs” jedhamtu kana balleessu fi cinniinnaa ishii dhabamsiisudha.<ref name=WHO2013/> Tarkaanfiin ittisaa gara biraa yeroo dhiiga walii dabarsan sirriitti sakatta’uudha.<ref name=WHO2013/> Akka lakkoofsa faranjootatti hanga 2013 itti talaallin hin uummamnne.<ref name=WHO2013/> Dhukkubichi yeroo jalqaba nama qabu yoo yaalaman qorichoota [[benznidazole]] YKN [[nifurtimox]]tiin fayyuun ni danda’ama.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ammuma dhukkubni “Chagas” namarra turu sadarkaan fayyuu gadi deema kan dhufu yoo ta’eyyu, jalqaba irratti dafanii yoo yaalaman amma gutummaa guututti dhiyaatun ni fayyu. <ref name=WHO2013/> Erga yeroo dheeraa namarra tureen booda yaalamuun mallattoowwan dhukkubbii dhumarra mul’atan akka turan yookin akka hin mul’anne ittisuuf gargaara. <ref name=WHO2013/> “Benznidazole” fi “Nifurtimox”n namoota dhibbantaa hanga 40 ga’an irratti yeroodhaaf dhiibbaa maddii <ref name=WHO2013/> kan akka dhukkubbii gogaa, summaa’uu sammu, fi gubaa qaama garaa irraatti mul’isuu danda’a. <ref name="Rassi2010"/><ref name=Bern>{{cite journal |author=Bern C, Montgomery SP, Herwaldt BL, et al.|title=Evaluation and treatment of chagas disease in the United States: a systematic review |journal=JAMA |volume=298 |issue=18 |pages=2171–81 |date=November 2007|pmid=18000201 |doi=10.1001/jama.298.18.2171}}</ref><ref name=Rassi2>{{cite journal|author=Rassi A, Dias JC, Marin-Neto JA, Rassi A |title=Challenges and opportunities for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of Chagas' disease |journal=Heart |volume=95|issue=7 |pages=524–34 |date=April 2009 |pmid=19131444 |doi=10.1136/hrt.2008.159624|url=http://heart.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19131444}}</ref> ==Tamsa’iina dhukkubicha == Namootni miiliyoona 7 hanga 8 itti tilmaamaman baay’een isaanii biyyoota akka [[Meeksiiko]], [[Giddu-gala Ameerikaa]] fi [[Kibba Ameerikaa]] jiraatan dhukkuba Chagaasin qabamanii argamu.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) Fact sheet N°340|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs340/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=23 February 2014|date=March 2013}}</ref> Akka ragaa bara 2006 tti waggaatti namoota 12,500 ajjeesa. <ref name=Rassi2010/> Namootni hedduun dhukkuba kana waliin jiraatan hiyeessota <ref name=Rassi2010/> fi namootni dhukkuba kanaan qabamanii jiran baay’een isaani faalamuu isaanillee hin beekan/hin hubatan. <ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Capinera|editor-first=John L.|title=Encyclopedia of entomology|year=2008|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=9781402062421|page=824|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=i9ITMiiohVQC&pg=PA824|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> Sosochiin uummataa hedduumminaan iddoodha gara iddootti taasifamuu bakki dhukkubnii Chagas itti argamu akka babal’atu kan taasise si’a ta’u kunis yeroo amma biyyoota Awuroopaa hedduu fi Ameerikaa dabalata. <ref name=WHO2013/> Naannowwan kun waggoota hanga 2014 keessatti olka’iinsa argisiisaniiru.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bonney|first=KM|title=Chagas disease in the 21st Century: a public health success or an emerging threat?|journal=Parasite |date=2014|volume=21|pages=11|pmid=24626257|doi=10.1051/parasite/2014012|pmc=3952655}} {{open access}}</ref> Dhukkubichi yeroo jalqabaatif kan argame bara 1909 nama [[Carlos Chagas]] jedhamuun si’a ta’u sana booda maqaa kanatti moggaafame.<ref name=WHO2013/> Dhukkubichi nama malees bineensoota 150 caalan kan miidhudha.<ref name=Rassi2010/> ==Madda odeeffannoo== <references /> dsygrf5lr7vnlys0wco9bdkekq18z7s 0 5257 45820 45806 2026-08-14T20:23:11Z InternetArchiveBot 8356 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 45820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Hepatitis A |image = Jaundice eye.jpg | Caption = A case of jaundice caused by hepatitis A | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|15||b|15}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|070.0}}, {{ICD9|070.1}} | DiseasesDB = 5757 | MedlinePlus = 000278 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 991 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|ped|977}} | MeshID = D006506 }} '''Hepatitis A''' (maqaan inni ittiin beekkamu '''infectious hepatitis''') jedhama [[Acute (medical)|acute]] [[dhukkuba faalaa/infectious disease]] kan [[ltiruu/liver]] ka’uumsi isaa vayirasii hepatitis A (HAV).<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | url = https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi0000unse_q1i3 | edition = 4th | pages = [https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi0000unse_q1i3/page/541 541]–4 | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> Baay’een isaa keessattuu dargaggoota irratti mallattoo dhukkuba xiqqoo mul’isa yookin mallattoo omatuu hin argisiisu.<ref name=AFP2012/> Yeroon wayita faallamaa fi mallattoon dhukkuba itti mul’atu gidduu jiru, torban lamaa anga torban ja’aa ta’a.<ref name="pmid16271543">{{cite journal| author=Connor BA| title=Hepatitis A vaccine in the last-minute traveler| journal=Am. J. Med.| volume=118 |issue=Suppl 10A| pages=58S–62S| year=2005| pmid=16271543| doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.07.018}}</ref> Wayita mallattoon dhukkubsachuu mul’atu keessattuu dhuma torban saddeetii booda: nyaata jibbisiisu, ol-debisiisu, gadi-teessisu , [[jaundice|gogaan keelloo ta’u/yellow skin]], hoo’ina qaamaa, fi dhukkubbi garaatu irratti mul’ata.<ref name=AFP2012/> Namoonni dhibbantaa 10–15 ta’an jalqaba faallamanii kaasee torban ja’a booda mallattoo dhukkubbii argisiisu.<ref name=AFP2012/> [[tiruun tajaajilaan ala ta’un/Acute liver failure]] tarbee darbee kan mul’atu yoo ta’u kunis harka caaluu namoota dullooman irratti mul’ata.<ref name=AFP2012/> ==Ka’uumsa== Yeroo baay’ee kan tamsa’u bishaan yookin nyaata boobbaa dhukkuba kana qabuun faallame dhuguu fi nyaachudhaani.<ref name=AFP2012>{{cite journal|last=Matheny|first=SC|last2=Kingery |first2=JE|title=Hepatitis A.|journal=Am Fam Physician |date=1 December 2012|volume=86|issue=11|pages= 1027–34; quiz 1010–2|pmid=23198670 |url= http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1201/p1027.html}}</ref> [[qurxummiin/ Shellfish]] yoo sirriitti bilchaachuu baate aga tokko dhukkuba kana dadabarsuu danda’a.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bellou | first1 = M. | last2 = Kokkinos | first2 = P. | last3 = Vantarakis | first3 = A. | title = Shellfish-borne viral outbreaks: a systematic review. | journal = Food Environ Virol | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–23 |date=March 2013 | doi = 10.1007/s12560-012-9097-6 | pmid = 23412719 }}</ref> Nama dhukkuba kanaan qabame waliin walitti dhiyenyaan jirachudhaanis namatti darbuu danda’a.<ref name=AFP2012/> Daa’imman faallaman mallattoo dhukkubbii yoo argisiisu baatan illee dhukkubichi isaan irraa namoota gara biraatti darbuu danda’a.<ref name=AFP2012/> Al tokko namni faallamee fayye sana booda umurii isaa guutuu deebi’ee hin qabamu.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Hepatitis and Other Liver Diseases|year=2006|publisher=Infobase |isbn=9780816069903|page=105|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=HfPU99jIfboC&pg=PA105}}</ref> Sababa mallattoon dhukkubbi dhibeewwan gara biraatin wal fakkaataniif dhukkubicha addaan baasanii baruuf qorannoon dhiigaa barbaachisaadha.<ref name=AFP2012/> Dhukkubni [[hepatitis]] viruses gosoota adda addaa shan: A, [[hepatitis B|B]], [[hepatitis C|C]], [[hepatitis D|D]], and [[hepatitis E|E]]tiin beekkama. == Ittisaa fi yaala == Gosni [[hepatitis A vaccine]] ittisaaf mijataadha.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=Irv2012>{{Cite journal | last1 = Irving | first1 = GJ. | last2 = Holden | first2 = J. | last3 = Yang | first3 = R. | last4 = Pope | first4 = D. | title = Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A. | journal = Cochrane Database Syst Rev | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = CD009051 | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009051.pub2 | pmid = 22786522 }}</ref> Biyyoonnii tokko tokko daa’immanii fi iddoo sodaa guddaan jirutti warra ijoollumaatti hin talaalamin talaalchisu.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=WHO2013/> Talaallin ummurii guutudhaaf ittisa.<ref name=AFP2012/> Tarkaanfiwwan ittisaa kuun [[harka dhiqachuu/hand washing]] fi nyaata sirriitti bilcheessudha.<ref name=AFP2012/> Yaalin addaa godhamu hin jiru,boqonnaa fudhachuu fi qoricha [[nausea]] yookin [[diarrhea]] fudhachuun akkuma barbaachisaa ta’etti ajajamuu fi danda’a.<ref name=AFP2012/> yeroo baay’ee faalamnii uummame guutumaa guututti dhukkuba tiruu itti fufiinsa qabuu malee ni fayya.<ref name=AFP2012/> Yaalii tiruu tajaajilaan ala t’ee ilaalchisee, wanti akkasii yoo muuddate [[tiruu bakka buusudhaan/liver transplantion]] dhaan yaallama.<ref name=AFP2012/> == Tamsa’ina == Sadarkaa addunyaatti dhukkuba kanan walqabatee gara namoota miiliyooma 1.5 ta’antu dhukkubsata <ref name=AFP2012/> walumaa galatti namoota faallaman miiliyoona 10 ta’an keessaa.<ref name=Was2006>{{cite journal|last=Wasley|first=A|author2=Fiore, A |author3=Bell, BP |title=Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination.|journal=Epidemiol Rev |year=2006|volume=28|pages=101–11|pmid=16775039 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxj012 |url=http://epirev.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/101.long}}</ref> Dhukkubichi kutaa addunyaa qulqullina gadi aanaa qabanii fi bishaan qulqulluu ga’uumsaan hin argannetti bali’aan mul’ata.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis A Fact sheet N°328|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs328/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=20 February 2014|date=July 2013}}</ref> Biyyoota guddachaa jiran [[developing world]] keessatti daa’imman dhibbantaa 90 ta’an yeroo umuriin isaanii waggaa 10 waan faallamaniif yeroo guddatan dhukkubichaan hin qabaman.<ref name=WHO2013/> Biyyoota guddatan keessatti ijoollen yeroo daa’imummaa waan hin saaxilamnee fi talaallin yoo kennamuu baate bifa weerraraatin mul’ata.<ref name=WHO2013/> Bara 2010 keessa, dhukkubni “acute hepatitis A” namoota 102,000 ajeese.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> [[Guyyaan Hepatitis Addunyaa/World Hepatitis Day]] adoolessa 28 ubannoo waayee [[viral hepatitis]]uumudhaaf kabajama.<ref name=WHO2013/> == Maddawwan == <references /> j2hbcv9rt3q9ykdre0xc4n74y9ohk3p 0 5265 45818 37403 2026-08-14T20:21:31Z InternetArchiveBot 8356 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 45818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease| Name = Echinococcosis | image=Echinococcus Life Cycle.svg | Caption = ''Echinococcus'' life cycle (click to enlarge) | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|67||b|65}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|122.4}}, {{ICD9|122}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | DiseasesDB = 4048 | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 629 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|med|1046}} | MeshID = D004443 | }} '''Echinococcosis''', akkasumas '''hydatid disease''', '''hydatidosis''', YKN '''echinococcal disease''', jedhamee kan beekkamu [[parasitic disease]] sababa [[tapeworm]] gosa ''[[Echinococcus]]'' kan dhufuudha.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Namoonnis gosa dhukkubba kanaa lamaan qabamu, “cystic echinococcosis” fi [[alveolar echinococcosis]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Gosoonni lama immoo kan baay’ee hin beekamnes “polycystic echinococcosis” fi “unicystic echinococcosis” ni jiru.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Dhukkubichi jalqaba irratti mallattoo tokko male kan nama qabu si’a ta’u bifuma kanaan waggaa tokko turuu mala.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Mallattoo fi dhukkubbiin mul’atu iddo itti dhiiton/iitoon uummamee fi ammanttaa isaa irratti hundaa’a. <!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Dhukkubni “Alveolar” yeroo baay’ee tiruu irraa yaa jalqabu malee gara qaama biraa kan akka sonbaa fi sammuu itti faca’a. <!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Yeroo tiruun miidhamu dhukkubsataan dhukkubsachuu qama garaa [[abdominal pain]], ulfni isaa hir’achuu, fi biftii jijjiirramu [[jaundice|yellow]] tu irratti mul’ata. <!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Dhukkubni sonbaa tarii dhukkubsachuu laphee fiduu, [[shortness of breath]] fi qofaasisuu fiduu danda’a.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Echinococcosis Fact sheet N°377|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs377/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=19 March 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref> == Cause == Dhukkubichi kan faca’u soorataa fi bishaan hanqaaquu raammoo dhukkubicha fiduun faallame fayyadamanii fi beeylada dhukkubsateen yoo wal tutuqqiin jiraatedha. <ref name=WHO2014/> Hanqaqun bobbaa /gadi teessuma/ beeylada foon nyaatan kan dhukkubichaan qabamanii keessatti argama. <ref name=CDC2013>{{cite web|title=Echinococcosis [Echinococcus granulosus] [Echinococcus multilocularis] [Echinococcus oligarthrus] [Echinococcus vogeli]|url=http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/echinococcosis/index.html|work=CDC|accessdate=20 March 2014|date=November 29, 2013}}</ref> Beeyladoonni dhukkubichaan qabamuun beekkaman: saroota, sardiidotaa fi yayii faa dabalatu.<ref name=CDC2013/> eeyladoonni kun dhukkubichaan qabamuuf qaama [[organs]]jechuun foon kan akka hoolaa fi illeentti dursanii dhukkubsatanii nyaachuu qabu. <ref name=CDC2013/> Gostii dhukkuba nama qabuu garuu gosa raammmmoo ''Echinococcus'' faallama fiduu irratti hundaa’a. <!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Qorannaan yaalii yeroo baay’ee [[ultrasound]] karaa [[computer tomography]] (CT) YKN [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI)tiin fayyadamuun geggeeffama. <!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Qorannoon dhiigaa [[antibodies]] qaamni ammam akka dhukkubicha ofirraa ittisuuf yaalii gochaa jiruu ilaalunis [[biopsy]] tarii fayyaduu danda’a. <ref name=WHO2014/> == Ittisaa fi yaalii == Dhukkuba kanaa beeyladooda dadabarsuu danda’anii kan akka sarootaa yaalu fi hoolota talaalchisuun too’achuun ni danda’ama. <!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Treatment is often difficult.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Dhukkubni kun yeroo qoricha fudhatan qaama gogaa jalatti bishaan godhachuu YKN dhiita’uu danda’a. <ref name=WHO2014/> Yeroo tokko tokko dhukkubni akkasii mul’achuu /argamuu/ danda’a. <ref name=CDCTx2013>{{cite web|title=Echinococcosis Treatment Information|url=http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/echinococcosis/tx.html|work=CDC|accessdate=20 March 2014|date=November 29, 2013}}</ref> Gosti dhukkubichaa kan “alveolar” qoricha fudhatametti aansudhaan baqaqsanii baasuu barbaachisa. <ref name=WHO2014/> Qorichii fudhatamu [[albendazole]] waggaadhaaf fudhatamuu barbaachisuu mala. <ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=CDCTx2013/> Dhukkubni gosa “alveolar” kun du’aatii geessisuu ni danda’a. <ref name=WHO2014/> == Faca’iinsa isaa == Dhukkubichii kutaa biyyoota addunyaa baay’etti kan mul’atu si’a ta’u yeroo ammaa kana namoota miiliyoona tokko ta’an miidhaa jira. <! -- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Naannowwan kibba Ameerikaa, Afriikaa fi Asiyaa keessatti uummanni dhibbantaa 10 ta’utu miidhamaa jira jedhameet tilmaamama. <ref name=WHO2014/> Bara 2010 keessa dhukkuba kanaan namoonni 1200 kan du’an si’a ta’u kunisa bara 1990 keessa du’aatii sababa dhukkuba kanatiin uummamee ture 2000n yoo wal bira qabamee ilaallmu gadii bu’uu argisiisa. <ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> Ubaatiin dhukkubichi diinagdee irratti geessisu waggaatti gara doolaara Ameerikaa biiliyoona 3 itti tilmaamama. <! -- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Dhukkubni kun beeyladoota kan akka booyyee, saawwanii fi fardeenis ni miidha. <ref name=WHO2014/> ==Maddawwan== <references /> 5ddj84s5hncpqcpfpxrkv9v5ftdm1jg 0 5269 45823 45621 2026-08-14T20:24:19Z InternetArchiveBot 8356 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 45823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Leishmaniasis | image = Skin ulcer due to leishmaniasis, hand of Central American adult 3MG0037 lores.jpg | Caption = Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the hand of a [[Central America]]n adult | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|55||b|50}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|085}} | DiseasesDB = 3266 | DiseasesDB_mult= {{DiseasesDB2|29171}} {{DiseasesDB2|3266}} {{DiseasesDB2|7070}} | MedlinePlus = 001386 | eMedicineSubj = emerg | eMedicineTopic = 296 | MeshID = D007896 | }} '''Leishmaniasis''' YKN '''leishmaniosis''' jechuun [[dhukkuba]] sababa [[prootozo’a]] [[paarasayitii]] sanyii ''[[Leishmania]]'' tiin dhufuu fi karaa hiddaa/ciniinnaa [[tisiisa ashawaa/sandflies]] daddarbuudha. <ref name=WHO2014/> Dhukkubichii karaa sadiin jechuu: “cutaneous”, “mucocutaneous”, gosa “leishmaniasis” qaama keessaatin mul’ata YKN uummama. <ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Leishmaniasis Fact sheet N°375|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs375/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=17 February 2014|date=January 2014}}</ref> Gosti inni “cutaneous” gogaa si’a orbobbeessu, gosti isa “mucocutaneous” gogaa dabalatee afani fi funyaan mammadeessa. Gosti inni qaama keessatti uummamuu immoo dura gogaa irraa eegalee booda hoo’ina qaamaa fida, seelii dhiiga diima gadii xiqqeessa, akkasumas rajiijji fi tiruun akka guddatu taasisa. <ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=Barrett2012/> == ka’uumsa isaa fi qorannoo isaa == Dhukkubni kunkan namatti dhufu karaa ''Leishmania'' gosa 20 ol ta’aninii. <ref name=WHO2014/> wantoonni balaa kana ammeessan: hiyyummaa, hanqina nyaataa, manca’iinsa bosonaa, fi babal’achuu magaalatii. <ref name=WHO2014/> Dhukkubni gosa sadaniyyuu paarasayitii maaykiroskooppi dhaan ilaaludhan baramu/addaan ba’u. <ref name=WHO2014/> Dabalataan, dukkuba isa qaama keessatti uumamu dhiiga qorachuudhaan bira qaqqabuun ni danda’ama. <ref name=Barrett2012/> == Ittisaa fi yalii == Dhukkubni “Leishmaniasis” amma tokko saaphana [[keemikaala farra bookee]] cuuphame jala rafuudhaan ittifamuu ni danda’a. <ref name=WHO2014/> Tarkaanfiwwan ittisaa kaawwan keemikaala farr bookee biifu fi namoota dhukkubsatan dursanii yaaludhaan akka hin tamsaane ittisuudha. <ref name=WHO2014/> Yaalin barbaaddamu dhukkubichii eessaa akka nama qabe, sanyii/gosa ''Leishmania'', fi gosa dhukkubichaa irratti hundaa’a. <ref name=WHO2014/> Qorichoonni dhukkuba isa qaama keessatiif oolan: [[liposomal amphotericin B]],<ref name=Sun2013/> walitti makaa [[pentavalentantimonials]] fi [[paromomycin]],<ref name=Sun2013>{{cite journal|last=Sundar|first=S|author2=Chakravarty, J |title=Leishmaniasis: an update of current pharmacotherapy.|journal=Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy|date=Jan 2013|volume=14|issue=1|pages=53–63|pmid=23256501|doi=10.1517/14656566.2013.755515}}</ref> fi [[miltefosine]] faa dabalata. <ref name=Dor2012>{{cite journal|last=Dorlo|first=TP|author2=Balasegaram, M |author3=Beijnen, JH |author4= de Vries, PJ |title=Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis.|journal=The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy|date=Nov 2012|volume=67|issue=11|pages=2576–97|pmid=22833634|doi=10.1093/jac/dks275}}</ref> Dhukkuba gosa “cutaneous” tiif, paromomycin, [[fluconazole]], yookin [[pentamidine]] fayyisuu danda’u. <ref name=Min2007>{{cite journal|last=Minodier|first=P|author2=Parola, P |title=Cutaneous leishmaniasistreatment.|journal=Travel medicine and infectious disease|date=May 2007|volume=5|issue=3|pages=150–8|pmid=17448941|doi=10.1016/j.tmaid.2006.09.004}}</ref> ==Tamsa’ina/facaatii Epidemiology == Namoonni gara miiliyoona 12 ta’an yeroo ammaa biyyoota 98 keessatti<ref name=Mag>{{cite web|title=Leishmaniasis Magnitude of the problem|url=http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/burden/magnitude/burden_magnitude/en/index.html|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=17 February 2014}}</ref> miidhamanii argamu.<ref name=Barrett2012>{{cite journal|last=Barrett|first=MP|author2=Croft, SL |title=Management of trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.|journal=British medical bulletin|year=2012|volume=104|pages=175–96|pmid=23137768|doi=10.1093/bmb/lds031|pmc=3530408}}</ref> gara miiliyoona 2 kna ta’an haraa wayita ta’an<ref name=Barrett2012/> waggaa waggaatti kuma 20 anga kuma 50 kan ta’an immoo lubbuu isaanii dhabu.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> Namoonnii miiliyoon 200&nbsp; ta’an Asiya, Afrikaa, kibbaa fi wadhakkeessa Ameerikaa, fi kibba [[Yuurooppi|Awurooppaa]] keessaiitti iddoo dhukkuba kanaaf saaxilame jiraatu.<ref name=Barrett2012/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ejazi|first=SA|author2=Ali, N |title=Developments in diagnosis and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis during the last decade and future prospects.|journal=Expert review of anti-infective therapy|date=Jan 2013|volume=11|issue=1|pages=79–98|pmid=23428104|doi=10.1586/eri.12.148}}</ref> [[WorldDhaabbanni Fayyaa Addunyaa]] yaalii dhukkuba kanaatif jecha qorichoonni tokko tokko gatiin isaanii akka gadii bu’u tasiiseera. <ref name=Barrett2012/> Dhukkubni kun beeyledoota edduu kan akka [[Canine leishmaniasis|saroota]] fi [[sanyiiwwan hantuuta]] faa qabuu danda’a.<ref name=WHO2014/> ==Maddawwan== <references /> 6ao36j5rvnlxggcof3y63fy9wygdier 0 5311 45819 31681 2026-08-14T20:22:24Z InternetArchiveBot 8356 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 45819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Trichoriyaasis | image=Trichuriasis_lifecycle.jpg | Caption = Sadarka guddinaa Trichuristrichiyura.| ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|79||b|65}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|127.3}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | DiseasesDB = 31146 | MedlinePlus = 001364 | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D014257 | }} '''Trichoriyaasis''', akkasumas kan '''dhukkuba raammoo geengoo''', jedhamee waamamu dhukkuba [[Raammoo Maxxantuu]] ''[[Trichuristrichiyura]]'' irra dhufudh (whipworm).<ref name=CDC2013>{{cite web|title=Parasites - Trichuriasis (also known as Whipworm Infection)|url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/whipworm/|work=CDC|accessdate=5 March 2014|date=January 10, 2013}}</ref> Dhukkubichi kan dhufe raammoo baayyinni isaanii xiqqaa ta’een kan dhufe ta’e, yeroo heedduu mallattoon dhukkubaa hinjiraatu.<ref name=WHO2013/> namoota raammoolee baayyetiin qabaman irratti,[[dhukkubbii garaa]], dadhabbi fi [[teessisaa]].<ref name=WHO2013/> bobbaatiin kan yeroo baayyee [[dhiiga]] qabu argisiisuu danda’a.<ref name=WHO2013/> Dhukkubbiin daa’imman irratti xiqqeenya guddina sammuu fi qaamaa fiduu danda’a.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Soil-transmitted helminth infections Fact sheet N°366|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs366/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=5 March 2014|date=June 2013}}</ref> Dhiiga dhabuun[[Hirrina dhiigaa|sadarkaa seelii dhiigaa diimaa]] qaqqabuu danda’a.<ref name=CDC2013/> == ka'uumsa isaa == Dhukkubichi kaninni yeroo baayyee faca’u yeroo namoonni nyaata ykn bishaan anqaaquun raammolee akkanaa kessaa jiru nyaatan ykn dhugani dha.<ref name=WHO2013/> Kunis kan mudatu yommuu fuduraalee/kuduraaleen rakkoo qaban guutummaan guutuutti hinqulqullaa’iin hafani dha.<ref name=WHO2013/> Raammoleen kun yeroo baauyyee anqaaquun raammolee akkanaa kan argaman biyyoo bakka namoonni [[dirree irratti|diida irratti bobba’ani]] fi bakka [[bobbaatiin namaa hinwallaanamiin]] akka [[xaa’ootti]] fayyadaman irratti argamu.<ref name=CDC2013/> Anqaaquwwan kun kan maddan bobbaatii namota dhukkubichaan qabanii irraati.<ref name="WHO2013" /> Daa’imman xixiqqoon kan biyyoo akkanaa irra xabatani fi harka isaanii gara afaan isaaniitti galchan salphaatti dhukkuba kanaan qabamuu danda’u.<ref name="WHO2013" /> Raammoleen sun [[boolla guddaa]] keessa kan jiraatani fi dheerinni isaanii seniti meetira afur gaha.name=CDC2013/> Raammoo Geengoon yommuu bobbaatiin namaa[[Maayikirooskoppii]]dhaan qoratamutti anqaaquuwwan sana arguudhaan beekama.<ref name=CDCDiag2013>{{cite web|title=Parasites - Trichuriasis (also known as Whipworm Infection) Diagnosis|url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/whipworm/diagnosis.html|work=CDC|accessdate=20 March 2014|date=January 10, 2013}}</ref> Anqaaquun suni barmeela fakkaatu.<ref>{{cite book|last=Duben-Engelkirk|first=Paul G. Engelkirk, Janet|title=Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases : essentials of diagnostic microbiology|year=2008|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Baltimore|isbn=9780781797016|page=604|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=l56-WMdyqzcC&pg=PA604}}</ref> == Ittisaa fi yaalii == Kan ofirraa ittisuun danda’amu nyaata haalaan bisheeffachu fi utuu nyaata hinbisheesin dura[[harka dhiqachuu]]dhaani.<ref name=CDCPre2013>{{cite web|title=Parasites - Trichuriasis (also known as Whipworm Infection) Prevention & Control|url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/whipworm/prevent.html|work=CDC|accessdate=20 March 2014|date=January 10, 2013}}</ref> Tarkaanfiwwan kanbiroon tajaajila [[ qulqullinaa]] kan akka mana fincanii faayidaa kennani fi [[manneen fincaanii]]<ref name=CDCPre2013/> qulqulluu tti fayyadamuu fi bishaan qulqulluu argachuu faa dabalata.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ziegelbauer|first=K|author2=Speich, B |author3=Mäusezahl, D |author4=Bos, R |author5=Keiser, J |author6= Utzinger, J |title=Effect of sanitation on soil-transmitted helminth infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=PLoSmedicine|date=Jan 2012|volume=9|issue=1|pages=e1001162|pmid=22291577|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001162 |pmc=3265535}}</ref> Iddoowwan addunyaa kanaa bakka dhukkuboonni itti barmaatilee ta’anitti yeroo baayyee gareen namootaa hundinuu altokkoon wallaanamuu fi idileedhan wallaanamuu nidanda’u..<ref name=Lancet2006>{{cite journal|last=Bethony|first=J|author2=Brooker, S |author3=Albonico, M |author4=Geiger, SM |author5=Loukas, A |author6=Diemert, D |author7= Hotez, PJ |title=Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_may-6-12-2006_367_9521/page/1521|journal=Lancet|date=May 6, 2006|volume=367|issue=9521|pages=1521–32|pmid=16679166|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68653-4}}</ref> Wallansi isaa guyyota sadiif qorichoota.: [[albendaazoolii]], [[mebendaazolii]] or [[ivermektinii]] fudhaachuudhaani.<ref name=CDCTx2013>{{cite web|title=Parasites - Trichuriasis (also known as Whipworm Infection): Resources for Health Professionals|url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/whipworm/health_professionals/index.html|work=CDC|accessdate=5 March 2014|date=January 10, 2013}}</ref> Namoonni erga yaalamaniin booda yeroo baayyee deebiyaanii dhukkuba kanaan qabamu.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jia|first=TW|author2=Melville, S |author3=Utzinger, J |author4=King, CH |author5= Zhou, XN |title=Soil-transmitted helminth reinfection after drug treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=PLoS neglected tropical diseases|year=2012|volume=6|issue=5|pages=e1621|pmid=22590656|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001621 |pmc=3348161}}</ref> == Tamsa'ina fi seena isaa == Dhukkubni raammoo geengoo sadarkaa addunyaatti namoota Miliyoona 600 hanga 800 ni miidha.<ref name=CDC2013/><ref name=Fen2012>{{cite journal|last=Fenwick|first=A|title=The global burden of neglected tropical diseases.|journal=Public health|date=Mar 2012|volume=126|issue=3|pages=233–6|pmid=22325616|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2011.11.015}}</ref> Innis barmaatileedhan kaninni mudatu [[biyyoota tiroopikaalii keessatti]]argamani dha.<ref name=Lancet2006/> Biyyoota boddeti hafoo keessati, namoonnii dhukkuba raammoo geengo kanaan qabaman yeroo heedduu dhukkuba [[alalunaa]] fi [[maagaa]] ni qabaatu.<ref name=Lancet2006/> Dhukkuboonni kun dinagdee biyyoota baayyee irratti dhiibbaa guddaa fidu.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jamison|first=Dean|title=Disease control priorities in developing countries|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=9780821361801|page=Chapter 24|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11748/|edition=2nd ed.|chapter=Helminth Infections: Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis}}</ref> Dhukkuboota kana irratti [[talaallii]] qopheessuuf hojiin hojjetamaa jira.<ref name=Lancet2006/> Dhukkubni raammoo geengoo kun akka [[dhukkuba tuffatamaa tiropikaalii]]tti fudhatama.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases|url=http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=28 November 2014|date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> ==Maddawwan== <references /> freppait2hu2otdqyrps1ekuxkta81y 0 5539 45821 38114 2026-08-14T20:23:37Z InternetArchiveBot 8356 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 45821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Shiistoomiyaasiisii | Image = Schistosomiasis in a child 2.jpg | Caption = muccaan umrii 11[[aasaayiitii|dhangalaa'aa garraa keessaa]]fi[[baay'ina dhigaa dadarbuu]]sababa shiistoomiiyaasiisii kan qabuu (Agusan del Sur, fiiliipiinnii) | Field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | pronounce ={{IPAc-en|ˌ|ʃ|i|s|t|ə|s|ə|ˈ|m|aɪ|ə|s|ᵻ|s|,_|-|t|oʊ|-|,_|-|s|oʊ|-}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/schistosomiasis |title=schistosomiasis - definition of schistosomiasis in English from the Oxford dictionary |publisher=[[OxfordDictionaries.com]] |access-date=2016-01-20 |archive-date=2015-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119184949/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/schistosomiasis |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | synonyms = bilihaarziiyyaa, guuba-qaamaa cilaaluu, guuba- qaamaa kaatayaammaa<ref name=NHS2011>{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) | url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx | work=NHS Choices | accessdate=15 March 2014 | date=17 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis | url=http://www.patient.info/doctor/schistosomiasis-pro | website=Patient.info | accessdate=11 June 2014 | date=12/2/2013}}</ref> | DiseasesDB =11875 |DiseasesDB_mult={{DiseasesDB2|11882}}{{DiseasesDB2|11856}} | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|65||b|65}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|120}} | OMIM = | MedlinePlus =001321 | eMedicineSubj=article | eMedicineTopic=228392 | MeshID = D012552 |Orphanet=1247 }} '''Shiistoomiyaasiisii''' akassumas '''guuba-qaamaa cilaaluu jedhamuun kan beekamu''' ta'ee [[heelmiintiyasiisii|dhiibee]] [[maxanuummaa|maxanttuu]] [[raamoo dirirraa]]kaan[[shiistoomoosomu|shiistoomoosomu jedhamuun kan dhuufuu.]]<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> [[ujuummoon fincaanii]]yookin[[mar'iimaan]]faalamuu danda'uu<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Mallatoonii muul'aachuu danda'aan [[dhuukuuba garraa,]],[[albaatii]],[[dhiga udaan kesa|udaan dhigaa qabuu]], yookkin [[heemmaattuuriiyyaa|dhiiga fincaan keesa]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Namootni dhuukuubichaan qabaman [[dhiibee jabbaa|yeroo baay'ee kan]]quunammuu danda'uu [[balaa tiruu]],[[ballaa kalee]],[[maseenummaa]],[[kansaari uffaa|kansaari dha]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Daa'iiman irrati , kan fidduu danda'uu [[rakkina dagaaginaa|rakkina guuddinnaa]]fi [[rakkiina barachuu|dadhaabina barachuu]] dha.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis Fact sheet N°115 | url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en | work=World Health Organization | accessdate=15 March 2014| date=3 February 2014}}</ref> <!-- Cause --> Dhuukuubichii kan waliitii darbuu walquunamtii [[bishaan haaraa]]maxaantuun faalammeni.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Maxantooni kuunni kan gadhisamani [[bishaan haarraa cilaaluun faalameeni]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Dhuukuubnii kuunni kan baramaa ta'ee daa'iman biiyoolee gudachaa jiran kessa jirraatanii fi bishaan faalamee birra taphatan irattii.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Balaa gudaan kan birraa kan jiraattuu qonaan bultoota,nammoota quurxuumii-qaban, fi namoota jirenya guyyaa isaanif bishaan qulquuluu kan hin fayadamaniidha. <ref name=WHO2014/>Gareen itti ramadamuu[[heelmintiiyaasiisi|dhuukuuba heelminizzii]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Chapter 3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel | url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis | website=cdc.gov | accessdate=30 November 2014 | date=1 August 2013}}</ref>Qooranaan kan addemsiifamuu hanqaaquu maxantuu fincaan yokkin udaan nama kesa yoo aagrameedha. <!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Qooranoodhaan kan mirkaneefammuu danda'uu [[qaamoolee dhuukibicha fidan]]kan falmatan dhiga kessa arguunnii.<ref name=WHO2014/> <!-- Prevention and Treatment --> Mallotnni ittissaa isaa kaneen aka akkattaa bishaan qulquuluun itti argammuu fooyesuufi lakkoofsa cilaluu hir'iisuun of kessaa qabuu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Naanoolee dhukkuubichi baay'inaan argamuu, wal'aansi [[paaraaziikuu'aantelii]]waggaati yerroo tokko garee hundaaf kenama.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Kuunis kan goodhammu namoota dhukkuubichaan qabamaniifi, iti anuun. tamsa'ina dhukuubicha hir'isuufidha.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Paaraaziikuu'aanteliin wal'ansaa [[Waldaan Buufaata Fayyaa aduunyaatin]]namoota dhuukubichaan qabamaniif kan goorsu dha.<ref name=WHO2014/> <!-- Epidemiology --> Wagaa 2012 irra jalqabee Shiistoomiyaasiisiin tilmaamaan gara nammoota miilliiyoona 210 addunyaa mara ira ajeeseera.<ref name=Fen2012>{{cite journal | last=Fenwick | first=A | title=The global burden of neglected tropical diseases.| journal=Public Health | date=Mar 2012 | volume=126 | issue=3 | pages=233–6 | pmid=22325616|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2011.11.015}}</ref> Tilmaaman namotnii 12,000<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal | last=Lozano | first=R. | title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095 | journal=Lancet | date=15 December 2012 | volume=380 | issue=9859 | pages=2095–128 | pmid=23245604 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 | last2=Naghavi | first2=M. | last3=Foreman | first3=K. | last4=Lim | first4=S. | last5=Shibuya | first5=K. | last6=Aboyans | first6=V. | last7=Abraham | first7=J. | last8=Adair | first8=T. | last9=Aggarwal | first9=R. | displayauthors=8}}</ref>hanga 200,000 bara baraan dhuukkubichan du'uu<ref name=The2013>{{cite journal | last=Thétiot-Laurent | first=S. A. | author2=Boissier, J. | author3=Robert, A. | author4= Meunier, B. | title=Schistosomiasis Chemotherapy | journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English | date=27 June 2013 | pmid=23813602 | volume=52 | issue=31 | pages=7936–56 | doi=10.1002/anie.201208390}}</ref> Dhuukkubichi baayinaan ardiilee Afriikaa, Eshiiyyaa akkasuumas Ameeriikaa kibaati argama.<ref name=WHO2014/> Naannoo namootnii miliiyoona 700, biyolee 70tamaan caala, nanoolee dhuukuubichii barammaa ta'ee kesa jiraattuu.<ref name=The2013/><ref>{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis A major public health problem | url=http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en | work=World Health Organization | accessdate=15 March 2014}}</ref> Biyyoolee gamoojii keesa, shiistoomiyaasiisiin [[dukkuba busaatiin durfamee]]dhukkuboota maxaantootan dhuufanifi dinaagdee ira dhibbaa ciimaa gessan kessa lamaffaa irrati argama.<ref name="SCP">{{Cite web | author=The Carter Center | title=Schistosomiasis Control Program | url=http://www.cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html | accessdate=17 July 2008}}</ref> Shiistoomiyaasiisiin dhuukuuboota [[gamoojii dagatamannii keesatii tareefama]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Neglected Tropical Diseases | url=http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html | website=cdc.gov | accessdate=28 November 2014 | date=6 June 2011}}</ref> ==Waabbii== <references /> e4hv21w5r1q8h465vz90nuq7kh2yinq 0 5540 45822 37151 2026-08-14T20:23:56Z InternetArchiveBot 8356 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 45822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Dhuukkuba Sarre Maraataa( Raabiisii) | image = Dog with rabies.jpg | caption = Sareen rabiisii qabuu sadarkkaa naafachaa irra | DiseasesDB = 11148 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|82||a|82}} | ID9 = {{ICD9|071}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 001334 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1374 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|eerg|493}} {{eMedicine2|ped|1974}} | MeshID = D011818 }} '''Raabiisii'''siin [[vaayiirasii|Vaayirasiin kandadaarbuufi]]dhukkuba [[ciimaa iinsseepaaliitikiisii fidduu|faalama sammuu]]ilmaan nammoota irraa fi [[bineensoota]]dhiga ho'aa qabaan irra kan gessuu<ref name=WHO2013/> Malattootnii jalqaba irrati argam ho'a qaamaa fi bakka itti quunameerati dhageeti hiddaa dha.<ref name=WHO2013/> Mallattootnii itti annunn dhagaa'aaman sochilee nama jeeqan, gamachuu to'aachuuf rakkisuu [[jiba bishaani|soddaa bishaani]],kutaalee qaamaa tokko tokko sochoosuu dadhabuu, bitaa galuu fi[[ off walaaluu]]dha.<ref name=WHO2013/> Malatootnii erga mul'atan booda, Raabiisiin yeroo maraa du'a fiida.<ref name=WHO2013/> Yerroon dhukkuubichaan qabamuu fi malatoolee ilaaluu giduu jirruu ji'aa tokkofi ji'a sadii gidduudha. Ta'ulee, yerron kuuni torbee tokkoo gaddi haama waggaa tokkoo caala garaagarumaa qabachuu danda'aa.<ref name=WHO2013/> Dheerinii yeroo kan hundaa'uu yeroo vaayiirasichii [[gidduu galaa sirna narvii gahuuf itti fuudhatuu irrati]].<ref name=Robbins>{{cite book |author=Cotran RS |title=Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease |edition=7th |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |year=2005 |page=1375 |isbn=0-7216-0187-1 |author2=Kumar V |author3=Fausto N }}</ref> == Sababaa fi Qooranaa== Raabiisiin bineensoota birraa irraa gara ilman namaaniti darba. Raabiisiin kan namati darbuu, bineensii faalamee yeroo nama nyaatuu yookin taraaruu dha.<ref name=WHO2013/> Gooroorii bineensa dhuukuubichaan qabamee yoo mukoos meembreenni binensa yookkin nama birraa wajjin wal quuname dhuukuubichii dadarbuu danda'a.<ref name=WHO2013/> Raabiisiin nammoota qabattu yaroo baay'ee saree irra dhuufa.<ref name=WHO2013/> Caalmaa 90% ira Raabiisiin biyyoolee sarooni Raabiisii qaban irrati umamuu saroota irraa dhuufa.<ref name=Tint2010>{{cite book |author=Tintinalli, Judith E. |title=Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli))|publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=2010 |pages=Chapter 152 |isbn=0-07-148480-9}}</ref> Biyoolee[[Ameerikkaa keesa]],[[hiddi simbira haalkani]]baay'inaan dhuukkuuba Raabiisii namattii fiduu, haami 5% gadi immoo saroota iraa dhufa. <ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Tint2010/> Bineensooni akka hantuutaa jirran yeroo bay'ee dhuukuubichaan hin qabamanii.<ref name=Tint2010/> [[Vaayirasiin Raabiisii]]gara samuuti kan bahuu [[sirnaa narvii Peeriifeeraalii|narvoota peerifeeraalii]]hoordoofuuni dha. Dhuukuubichi kan qooratammuu danda'uu erga malatootnii isaa jelqaban booda dha.<ref name=WHO2013/> == Ittiisaa fi Wal'aansa == To'anaa bineensootaa fi sagantaaleen talaali balaa Raabiisii sababa sareedhaan dhuffuu biyoolee adugnaa bay'ee irraa hir'iseera.<ref name=WHO2013/> Uumatoota balaa guddaa ira jiraaniif yammuu saaxiila hin bahiin talaalii kenuun ni goorfama. Namootnii balichaaf saaxiilamaan, namoota siimbira halkanii wajjin hoojatan fi namoota baka Raabiisiin baay'inaan argammuuti yeroo bay'ee dabarsanii dha.<ref name=WHO2013/> Namoota raabiisiiti saaxilaman kessaa,[[talaalin Raabiisii]]foo yeroo tokko tokko Raabiisii [[iimuunooguloobiinii]]yoo malatooleen dhuukuubichaa mul'aachuu otto hinjalqabiin kenamee dhuukuubicha ittisuuf gargaaruu.<ref name=WHO2013/> Baka maddaa daqiiqaa 15f saamunaa fi bishaaniin,[[ayoodiinii piirooviidonii]]yookiin saamuunaa dhangala'aa tiin dhiqquun vaayiirasii ajeesuu nidanda'a. Akasuumas tamsaa'iina dhuukuubicha hambisuu danda'a. <ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Rabies Fact Sheet N°99|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=28 February 2014|date=July 2013}}</ref> Erga malatootnii mul'atan booda namoota muurraasatuu dhuukkuubiicha irraa haafee. Kuuniis wal'aansa guddaa kan [[piirootookoolii Miilwaa'uukkee jedhamuun beekamuuni dha]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Hemachudha T, Ugolini G, Wacharapluesadee S, Sungkarat W, Shuangshoti S, Laothamatas J | title = Human rabies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. | journal = Lancet neurology | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 498–513 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23602163 | doi = 10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70038-3 }}</ref> ===Talaallii=== '''Talaaliin Raabiisii''' [[Talaalii]]ittiisa [[raabiisiif gargaaruu dha]].<ref name=WHO2010>{{cite journal|title=Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper|journal=Weekly epidemiological record|date=Aug 6, 2010|volume=32|issue=85|pages=309-320|url=http://www.who.int/wer/2010/wer8532.pdf?ua=1}}</ref> Kan buu'aa qabeesa ta'ee fi balaa kan hinqabnee muurasni jirruu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> Ergaa namnii vaayiirasii Raabiisiin sababoota akka ciniinaa saretiin yookiin siibmira haalkaniitin saaxiilamuu fi erga saaxilameen bodda dhuukuubicha ittisuuf gargaara.<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> Dandeettiin-dhibee- ittisuu kan hama-qooricha saddii boda argamuu ciimaa fi yerroo dheraa kan turu danda'uu dha.<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> Yeroo bay'ee kan kenammuu gogaa yookiin irree irati limo waraaniidha.<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> Erga saaxiilaamaan booda talaaliin yeroo- hunda kan fayadammuu[[immuunoogiloobbuuliinii Raabiisii wajjiinnii]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> Namootnii balaa saaxiilamuu guddaa irra jiraatani, yeroo saaxiilamuuf dandaa'aniin duura talaalamuun issanii ni gorfama.<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> Talaaliileen namoota fi bineensoota irrati nihoojettuu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> Daandeetii- sarootnii dhibiicha ittisan ijjaruun dhibee namoota irra ittisuf mala bu'aa qabesa dha.<ref name=WHO2010/> ==== Oof- eegannoo ==== Namootnii miiliiyoonoota addunyaa keeseti talaalamani jirruu, kuusin tilmaamaman namoota millioyoona 250,000 ta'an ittusin isa ni tilmaamama.<ref name=WHO2010/> offeganoon godhamuu dan'aan garee umrrrii hundumaaf ni jirruu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> namootnii % 35 fi %45 gidduu jiran bakka limoon warraanamee irati yeroo muraasaaf dimachuu mul'issuu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> Namootnii %5 fo %15 gidduu [[hoo'a qaamaa]],[[dhukkuuma sammuu|dhukkuuba sammuu]],[[dhuukuuba garraa qabaachuu ni danda'uu]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> Raabiisiin saaxilamuun boda balaan issan itti fayyadamuu wajjin walqabattee dhuffuu hin jirruu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> Talaaliileen baay'een [[tiimeeroosaa of kesaa hin qabanni]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> Talaalileen tishuulee naarvoota irraa hojeetaman biyyoole muraasa kessati ni fayadammuu, bay'inaan Eshiyyaa, Ameeriikaa kibaa kessati haata'uu malee, bu'aan issani xiqaa fi rakkoo caalaa qabuu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2010/> --> Isaaniitii fayadamuun [[Buufataa Fayyaa Adhunyaatiin hin goorfamuu]].<ref name=WHO2010/> Bara 2014 irraa jalqabee,gattin waligalaa Dollara Ameerikkaa 44 fi 78 gidduu baasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vaccine, Rabies|url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=RAB000X&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=&desc=Vaccine%2C%20Rabies&pack=new&frm=VIAL&rte=INJ&class_code2=19%2E3%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2819%2E3%2E%29Vaccines%3Cbr%3E|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=6 December 2015}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ameerikkaa Kaabbaa kesatti sangantaan talaalii Raabisii tokko Dollara Ameerikkaa 750 baasa.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shlim|first1=David|title=Perspectives: Intradermal Rabies Preexposure Immunization|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/perspectives-intradermal-rabies-preexposure-immunization|accessdate=6 December 2015|date=June 30, 2015}}</ref> ==Qoorannaa tamsaasa dhiibee== Raabiisiin bara tokkoo kesatti nammota 26,000 hanga 55,000 adduugnaa mara keesattii ajjeesa.<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal | author = Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R | title = Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095 | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2095–128 | date = Dec 15, 2012 | pmid = 23245604 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> Duunii 95%ira kan caaluu kan uumamuu [[Eshiyaa]]fi[[Afrikkaa keesa dha]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Raabiisiin biyoollee 150 ira caalan kessa ardii Antartiikaan alla arrdillee hunda keesatii argama.<ref name=WHO2013/> Umatootni milliyoona 3 irra caalan nanoolee Raabiisiin itti argamuu keesa jiraatuu.<ref name=WHO2013/> Awuuroopaa fi Awuustraliyyaa keesati, Raabiisiin haarka-caalaati siimbira haalkannii kesatii argama.<ref>{{cite web|title=Presence / absence of rabies in 2007|url=http://www.who.int/rabies/Absence_Presence_Rabies_07_large.jpg?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=1 March 2014|year=2007}}</ref> Nammootni odooloota xiixiiqoo irrati jirratan raabiisii goonkuumaa hin qabaannii.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rabies-Free Countries and Political Units|url=http://www.cdc.gov/animalimportation/rabies-free-countries.html|work=CDC|accessdate=1 March 2014}}</ref> ==Waabbii== <references /> bjmh8uza3yjdkyfyi4dctuihmfpaoj0 0 5542 45817 31679 2026-08-14T20:21:01Z InternetArchiveBot 8356 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 45817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | Name = Leeshimaasiisii | Image = Skin ulcer due to leishmaniasis, hand of Central American adult 3MG0037 lores.jpg | Caption = Kuutaaniiyassiin leeshimaasiisiin haarka[[ha'eesa nama gaaheesa Ameeriikaa Gidduugala kessaa]]. | Field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | pronounce = Leishmaniasis {{IPAc-en|ˌ|l|iː|ʃ|m|ə|ˈ|n|aɪ|ə|s|ɪ|s}}<br>leishmaniosis {{IPAc-en|l|iː|ʃ|ˌ|m|eɪ|n|ɪ|ˈ|əʊ|s|ɪ|s}} or {{IPAc-en|l|iː|ʃ|ˌ|m|æ|n|ɪ|ˈ|əʊ|s|ɪ|s}}<ref>http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/leishmaniasis</ref> | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|55||b|50}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|085}} | DiseasesDB = 3266 | DiseasesDB_mult = {{DiseasesDB2|29171}}<!-- {{DiseasesDB2|3266}} {{DiseasesDB2|7070}} --> | MedlinePlus = 001386 | eMedicineSubj = emerg | eMedicineTopic = 296 | MeshID = D007896 }} '''Leeshimaayisiisii''' akkasumas '''leeshiimaani'oosii jedhamee kan katabammuu''' [[dhuukuuba]] [[prootoozoowaa]][[maxanttuu]]kan sanyii"[[Leeshiimaaniiyaa]]" fii kan hiida tiitiisa ciirachaa biffa muuraasa[[titisa ciirachaa tiin dhuufu dha|tiin dhuufu dha]].<ref name=WHO2014/> Dhuukkuubichii haaloola guguudoo 3 :[[Kuutaaniiyasii Leeshiimaasiisii|Kuutaaniiyasii]],muukookuutaaniiyeesii, yookiin [[Leeshiimaasiisii viisseeraalii|Leeshiimaasiisii viisseeraalii tiin dhufa]].<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Leishmaniasis Fact sheet N°375|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs375/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=17 February 2014|date=January 2014}}</ref> Inii bifa kuutaaniiyasii alseerii googaa yeroo fidduu,muukookuutaaniiyeesii alseerrii googaa, affaanii, fi funyaani, fi inni viisseeraalii alseerii googaadhaan jalqabee, bodda irrati ho'aa qaammaa, hir'inaa seeloota dhigaa, guddina esspileenii fi tiiruu fiida.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=Barrett2012/> <!-- Cause and diagnosis --> Faalamnii, namootaa kan dhuufuu sanyii "Leeshiimaaniiyaa" goosa 20 tiin dha.<ref name=WHO2014/> Dhiibaan ballaa wantoota akka hiiyuumaa, hir'iina nyaattaa,ciirama dagalaa, fi guddina magaalootaa fidduu danda'a.<ref name=WHO2014/> Qoorannaan kana fakkatan hundinnuu maxantoota maaykiirooskoopii jala ilaaluun goodhamuu danda'a.<ref name=WHO2014/> Dabalataan, dhuukuubnii viiseeriyaali qoorannaa dhigaattiin goodhamuu danda'a.<ref name=Barrett2012/> <!-- Prevention and treatment --> Leeshiimaayisiisiin saaphanaa [[fara ilbisootaatiin waal'aanamee jala rafuun ittiifammuu dand'a|fara ilbisootaatiin waal'aanamee jala rafuun ittiifammuu danda'a]].<ref name=WHO2014/> Tarkaafiileen tamsaa dhuukuubicha itttisuuf barbachisan faraa ilboosotaan fayadammun tisiisota ciiraachaa ajjeesuufi namoota faalaman wal'aanuun dha.<ref name=WHO2014/> Waal'aansii wabbaadammuu kan muurteesamuu, bakka dhuukuubichi umammee fi gosa "Leeyishimiiniyaa" fi goosa faalamichaa irrati.<ref name=WHO2014/> Qoorichootaa dhuukuubicha furuuf fayadamuu danda'aan keesa [[Lipoosoomaalii Amroofooteeriisiiniin isa tokkodaha]],<ref name=Sun2013/> Makkaa [[peentaavaaleettii anttiimooniiyaaliisiin]]fi[[paaroomoomyiisiinii]],<ref name=Sun2013>{{cite journal|last=Sundar|first=S|author2=Chakravarty, J |title=Leishmaniasis: an update of current pharmacotherapy.|journal=Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy|date=Jan 2013|volume=14|issue=1|pages=53–63|pmid=23256501|doi=10.1517/14656566.2013.755515}}</ref>fii[[miilteefoosiinee]].<ref name=Dor2012>{{cite journal|last=Dorlo|first=TP|author2=Balasegaram, M |author3=Beijnen, JH |author4= de Vries, PJ |title=Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis.|journal=The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy|date=Nov 2012|volume=67|issue=11|pages=2576–97|pmid=22833634|doi=10.1093/jac/dks275}}</ref>Dhuukuuba kuutaaneeyeesii, paaroomaaysiinii,[[filuukoonaazoolii]], yookiin [[peentaamiidiinee]]yookiin buu'aa qabeesa.<ref name=Min2007>{{cite journal|last=Minodier|first=P|author2=Parola, P |title=Cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.|journal=Travel medicine and infectious disease|date=May 2007|volume=5|issue=3|pages=150–8|pmid=17448941|doi=10.1016/j.tmaid.2006.09.004}}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology --> Namootnnii gara miiliiyoona 12 ta'aan<ref name=Mag>{{cite web|title=Leishmaniasis Magnitude of the problem|url=http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/burden/magnitude/burden_magnitude/en/index.html|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=17 February 2014}}</ref>biyoolee 98 kessatii faalamanniiruu.<ref name=Barrett2012>{{cite journal|last=Barrett|first=MP|author2=Croft, SL |title=Management of trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.|journal=British medical bulletin|year=2012|volume=104|pages=175–96|pmid=23137768|doi=10.1093/bmb/lds031|pmc=3530408}}</ref> Dhiimoonii du'aa haarraa gara miiliiyoona 2<ref name=Barrett2012/> fi gidduu kuuma 20 fi 50 bara baraan muul'ata. <ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> Namootni hama milliyoona 200 ta'aan: Eshiiyyaa,Kiibbaa fi giidduu gala Ameerriikkaa, fi Awuurooppaa Kiibbaa naanoolee dhuukuubiichii barammaa ta'eetii jiraatan keesa jirraatuu.<ref name=Barrett2012/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ejazi|first=SA|author2=Ali, N |title=Developments in diagnosis and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis during the last decade and future prospects.|journal=Expert review of anti-infective therapy|date=Jan 2013|volume=11|issue=1|pages=79–98|pmid=23428104|doi=10.1586/eri.12.148}}</ref> [[Buufatnnii aduunyaa fayyaa|Buufatnnii fayyaa aduunyaa qoorichoolee]] tookkoo tookkoo irratti gatti gadii'aanaa argateera.<ref name=Barrett2012/> Dhuukuubichii binneensoota biiraa kan akka [[Kaaniinii leeshiimaasiisii|saroota]]fi [[binneensoota xiixiiqaa irrattii argamuu danda'uu|binneensoota xiixiiqaa irrattii argamuu danda'a]].<ref name=WHO2014/> ==Waabbii== <references /> on8r264vyvp0lhz9emrlagvnes1q7t5