Utilisader discussiun:Terfili

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      <comment>Nov chapitel /* Löschung von minimalen Orts- und Gemeindeartikeln */</comment>
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      <text bytes="42506" sha1="ejnw73xyyhc2zkdr9twk7i3hq1hj3an" xml:space="preserve">@Terfili
Salut
tu parles romanche non ? Je veux te parler!

== Maletg dell'emna ==
Sali Terfili, sag mal, kannst Du es einrichten, dass das Maletg dell'emna in seinem Kasten zentriert dargestellt wird? Am besten nur das Bild und nicht der Text darunter. --[[Utilisader:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Andreas|talk]]) 13:51, 28 avril 2013 (CEST)
:Du meinst auf der Pagina principala ? Da wäre ich dagegen; ich finde es in der jetzigen Grösse richtig. --[[Utilisader:Xenos|Xenos]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Xenos|talk]]) 17:51, 28 avril 2013 (CEST)
::Er soll es ja nicht grösser machen, sondern nur in die Mitte rücken. Auf breiteren Bildschirmen sieht es blöd aus, wenn es so am Rand klebt. --[[Utilisader:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Andreas|talk]]) 18:18, 28 avril 2013 (CEST)
:::Die Welt unserer Missverständnisse wächst weiter. Ich dachte, du wollest das Bild verkleinern. --[[Utilisader:Xenos|Xenos]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Xenos|talk]]) 14:35, 29 avril 2013 (CEST)
::::Das können wir uns wohl erst leisten, wenn wir ein zweites &quot;Content&quot;-Feld auf der Hauptseite haben (&quot;Schon gewusst&quot; oder &quot;Jahrestage&quot;), sonst wirkt es ein bisschen leer. Aber wenn ich mit der Thematik ''Chalenders'' weitermache, kommt vielleicht eine kleine Überraschung. --[[Utilisader:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Andreas|talk]]) 19:15, 29 avril 2013 (CEST)

== Die 1000 Artikel ==
Guten Morgen Terfili. Zu erst Mal vielen Dank für Dein kontinuierliches Engagement auch auf der romanischen Vichipedia. Doch zur Sache: Ich habe gesehen, dass Du auf der Hauptseite die Liste 1000 wichtigsten Artikel verlinkt und eine Seite dazu erstellt hast. Ich hoffe nur, Du bist nicht gerade dabei, die Liste zu übersetzen. Das hab ich nämlich [[Utilisader:Andreas/Glistas/1000|schon gemacht]] als ich das ganze Konzept mitsamt Vorlage erstellt habe. Nur war ich mit dem Ergebnis nie soweit zufrieden, dass ich sie aus dem BNR verschieben wollte. Du kannst Dich gern dort bedienen oder Seite einfach verschieben und bearbeiten. --[[Utilisader:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Andreas|talk]]) 09:16, 1 avrigl 2015 (CEST)
:Auf der Hauptseite verlinkt habe ich es nicht, das warst du :) Gut, dass du es sagst, sonst hätte ich wirklich bald mit übersetzen angefangen. Ich verschiebe deine Übersetzung mal, verbessern kann man ja noch immer. Was jetzt auch noch gut wäre, wäre eine Liste der wichtigsten Artikeln zur Rumantschia, etwa wie die alemannischen [[:als:Wikipedia:Regionale_Artikel|Regionali Artikel]].--[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 16:59, 1 avrigl 2015 (CEST)
::Stimmt, irgendwas hab ich da mal verlinkt. Du hast ja bemerkt, dass noch nicht alles stimmig ist. Ich sehe auch gerade, dass das nicht meine aktuellste Fassung ist. Werde das morgen oder spätestens zum Wochenende erledigen.
::Deinen Vorschlag zu Rumantschia-Liste finde ich gut. Habe den Gedanken auch schon länger und habe auch Xenos schonmal drauf angesprochen, aber bisher wurde nichts daraus. Ausserdem weiss ich nicht, ob eine Rumantschia- oder eine Graubünden-Liste besser ist. Mit genügend Ideen können es (später) auch mehrere Listen werden. Ich jedenfalls lese solche Listen auf anderen Wikis mit Interesse und stünde für sowas zur Verfügung. --[[Utilisader:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Andreas|talk]]) 19:30, 1 avrigl 2015 (CEST)
:::Man kann ja problemlos beides machen, wenn man Zeit und Lust hat. --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 13:55, 2 avrigl 2015 (CEST)
::::Antwort auf Deine Anfrage siehe bitte dort. Hättest eigentlich Vorschläge für die Liste regionaler Artikel? Mein Hauptproblem ist nämlich, dass ich nicht weiss, was genau drauf soll bzw. was nicht. Zum Beispiel &quot;meine&quot; [[Utilisader:Andreas/Glistas/Scripturs e poets|Schriftsteller]]. Wer ist nun wichtig genug? --[[Utilisader:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Andreas|talk]]) 19:02, 2 avrigl 2015 (CEST)
:::::Ich habe jetzt mal angefangen und einen Entwurf gemacht. Da müssen aber irgendwann die Romanen selber dran und entscheiden, wer und was wirklich wichtig ist. Von deinen Schriftstellern können sicher die meisten rein. Bei 1000 Artikeln sind das ja gar nicht so viele. --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 09:18, 3 avrigl 2015 (CEST)
::::::Naja, auf der Schriftsteller-Liste sind zumindest für das Engadin auch Kleinstautoren, die kaum einer kennt, dafür fehlen für die Surselva bestimmt noch wichtige Leute. Es gibt im ANR auch noch eine kleinere, [[Auturs rumantschs]], die im Dezember etwas überarbeitet habe.
::::::Super, dass Du jetzt eine Rumantschia-Liste angelegt hast. Ich bin einfach immer zu zögerlich ;) Allerdings würde ich die Ladinia- und Friaul-Themen weglassen, die gehören nicht wirklich zur Rumantschia. Auch hätte ich keine bestimmte Artikelzahl vorgegeben. Und Rumantschia schreibt mangross, ist ja ein Eiganname. Verschieben auf ''Artitgels davart la Rumantschia'' oder so? --[[Utilisader:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Andreas|talk]]) 13:10, 3 avrigl 2015 (CEST)
:::::::Hast recht, ich hab es gerade verschoben. Ich habe eben an 1000 Artikel in Anlehnung an die 1000 wichtigsten Artikel gedacht, dann hat man ein Ziel und auch eine Grenze. Am Anfang würde ich da eher inklusionistisch sein, wenn es dann mal fast 1000 sind, kann man ja immer noch welche rauswerfen :) --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 03:36, 6 avrigl 2015 (CEST)
==VE newsletter==
Hi there! I noticed [https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3ALa_pinta&amp;diff=144979&amp;oldid=144975 this edit of yours] and I'd like to learn more about it. Thanks for your understanding, --[[Utilisader:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Elitre (WMF)|talk]]) 19:01, 28 avrigl 2015 (CEST)
:I'm not Terfili, so I hope you don't mind me answering :) The entry was moved to the dedicated [[Wikipedia:Novitads da tecnica|tech news]] page. --[[Utilisader:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Andreas|talk]]) 23:47, 28 avrigl 2015 (CEST)
::Works for me ;) &lt;s&gt;I'll need to fix my Meta delivery list, then. Do you know how to do that for the other MassMessage delivery lists out there? If you don't change the target page on Meta, you'll always need to move such entries manually. --[[Utilisader:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Elitre (WMF)|talk]]) 12:25, 29 avrigl 2015 (CEST)&lt;/s&gt; Nevermind, looks like this was already done. Thank you. --[[Utilisader:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Elitre (WMF)|talk]]) 12:29, 29 avrigl 2015 (CEST)

== Community Wishlist Survey ==

Perchè non avanzare qualche proposta a favore di tutte le lingue poco parlate, ma con una ricca letteratura? La tua proposta fatta alla ''pinta'' di seguire l'esempio dell'alemanno anche nel romancio potrebbe avere un ''avallo'' a livello  plurilingue.[[Utilisader:Mizardellorsa|Mizardellorsa]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Mizardellorsa|talk]]) 05:49, 10 november 2015 (CET)


== Betreff der räteromanische Digimon Artikel ==
Ich schreibe das eben auf deutsch also ich habe da bei auch ein Übersetzer benutzt und wenn der nicht das rätero wort nicht da war
hatte ich das ita. Wort genommen habe. Habe ich schlecht übersetzt wenn ja wird das dann gelöscht ? [[Utilisader:seescedric|seescedric]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:seescedric|talk]]) 08:47, 29 november 2015 (CET)
:Hallo Seescedric,
:Du hast den deutschen Text eben Wort-für-Wort übersetzt, und Sprachen sind zu unterschiedlich, um so übersetzen zu können. Dein Text besteht darum aus lauter Wörtern, zum Teil rätoromanische, zum Teil wohl Italienisch, und dann noch deutsche Wörter dazwischen, aber grammatisch macht das alles keinen Sinn. 
:Zum Beispiel den ersten Satz &quot;Digimon ist der Titel einer Reihe von Merchandising-Produkten der Firma Bandai&quot; hast du so übersetzt &quot;Digimon ist la vaglia iner retscha davart da Merchandising-Products la interpresa Bandai,&quot; Korrekt müsste es wohl heissen: &quot;Digimon è il titel d'ina seria da products da merchandising da l'interpresa Bandai&quot;. Falls du so wenig Romanisch kannst, musst du deinen Text eben von jemandem korrigieren lassen. Hier auf der Romanischen Wikipedia sind aber leider so wenig Rätoromanen am Werk, dass keiner hier den Artikel korrigieren wird. Ich habe den Artikel jetzt in deinen Benutzernamensraum verschoben: [[Utilisader:Seescedric/Digimon]]. Dort wird er nicht gelöscht, und falls du den Text mal korrigieren kannst, kann man ihn wieder in den Artikelnamensraum verschieben. Viele Grüsse, --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 09:50, 29 november 2015 (CET)
:: ok und wo kann ich das richtig sehen mit der gramatik da mit ich auch mit sinn übersetze weil ich finde da zur gramatik nichts danke könnstest du so viel räteromanisch odr mir einen link zur gramatik geben --[[Utilisader:Seescedric|Seescedric]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Seescedric|talk]]) 10:37, 29 november 2015 (CET)
:::Da weiss ich auch nicht genau, wo du dir die Grammatik aneignen kannst. Ich kenne nur den [http://www.lesestoff.ch/detail/ISBN-2240028222802//Menzli-Curs-da-rumantsch-grischun-1-Lecziuns-1--18 Curs da rumantsch grischun]. [http://www.pledarigrond.ch/rumantschgrischun/assets/binary/grammatica.pdf Hier] ist noch eine Grammatik, aber eher für Romanischsprecher. Falls du von Grund auf Romanisch lernen willst um Artikel zu schreiben, wird das etwas komplizierter als nur in einer Grammatik nachschlagen. --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 14:15, 29 november 2015 (CET)

:::: ok aber irgentwie müsste ich das igentwo auch lernen können weil zu jeder Sprache giebt es was wie ich die spache erlernen kann ich habe einen Kauderwelch  zu  Romantsch aber da ist gramatik nicht erklert --[[Utilisader:Seescedric|Seescedric]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Seescedric|talk]]) 07:25, 30 november 2015 (CET)
:::::Oben habe ich ja schon auf den &quot;Curs da rumantsch grischun&quot; verlinkt. Der ist allerdings schon recht alt und scheinbar gibt es den auch gar nicht mehr zu kaufen. Auf der Webseite der Lia Rumantscha gibt es ein neueres Lehrmittel zu kaufen: &quot;En lingia directa&quot;. Da musst du dich aber zuerst noch entscheiden, welches Rätoromanisch du lernen willst. Den Kurs gibt es für die Idiome, also Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Puter und Vallader, aber scheinbar nicht für Rumantsch Grischun. Wenn du auf http://www.liarumantscha.ch/ rechts auf &quot;Shop&quot; klickst, findest du den Kurs unter &quot;Bücher&quot; und dann &quot;Lehrmittel&quot;. Der Kurs hat zwei Teile, 1 und 2 und jeder Teil hat ein Kursbuch, Aufgabenheft, Grammatikheft und eine CD. --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 14:00, 2 december 2015 (CET)

Kann ich das nicht auch  per Internet  lernen mit dem Satzbau ? Oderkannst du mir helfen mit der Übersetzung weil ich kann nicht schauen wie das Buch aussiehen(Probeseite ) und gibt hat das auch DE--&gt; RM ? 
Google Übersetzer-Community gibt es auch das mit mithelfen kann wenn man Räteromanisch kann --[[Utilisader:Seescedric|Seescedric]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Seescedric|talk]]) 16:26, 28 schaner 2016 (CET)
:Ich kenne sonst leider auch nichts, wo man online Romanisch lernen kann, tut mir leid. Und mein Romanisch ist selber nicht so super gut, dass ich dir da helfen könnte. --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 03:13, 29 favrer 2016 (CET)
::Kännst du welche die räteromanisch können--[[Utilisader:Seescedric|Seescedric]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Seescedric|talk]]) 13:38, 5 zercladur 2016 (CEST)

== Peintre [[Viktor Lyapkalo]] ==

Bien chér Terfili, bonjour et Bonne Année!

J'ai ouverte cette nouvelle page, et je te demande la gentilesse de 5 minutes pour la corriger, s'il te plaite. Je suis disponible pour t'aider en Italien ou Portugais! Merci beaucoup!!!

[[Utilisader:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Rei Momo|talk]]) 11:38, 11 schaner 2016 (CET)
:Désole, mais moi-même je ne parle pas assez bien le romanche pour passer du temps à corriger des articles. Tant mieux si tu arrives à convaincre un romanchophone de le corriger, mais autrement arrête s'il te plaît de spammer des ébauches non-pertinents au romanche qui resteront à tout jamais très courts et linguistiquement fautives. Ce Wikipédia-ci en a déjà assez et nous passons déjà assez de temps de l'en purger! --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 14:52, 12 schaner 2016 (CET)
: Merci pour ton reponse; comme tu peux voire l'article est engrandi par un romanchophone. merci encore pour ta reponse! [[Utilisader:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Rei Momo|talk]]) 00:43, 30 schaner 2016 (CET)

== Australian and Mexican states ==

Why are those stub articles a problem?&lt;br /&gt;[[Utilisader:Varlaam|Varlaam]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Varlaam|talk]]) 14:45, 5 favrer 2016 (CET)
:A significant portion of articles here consists of low-content stubs, created by non-Romansh speaking users writing 1-2 sentences using a dictionary or even just their imagination about what Romansh looks like. Usually even within these small stubs, you can find at least one spelling or grammar mistake. Over the years, the Romansh community has repeatedly tagged these articles and tried to stem their creation. But since so few Romansh speakers are active here, versus a constant rotation of people writing stubs in questionable Romansh, they have just kept growing in number, lowering the quality of content and language here and making it harder and harder to keep up with reviewing and correcting articles. I am now trying to weed out at least the most redundant and linguistically questionable articles. The habit of people who speak absolutely no Romansh coming here just to create a stub about their native province, town, favorite singer, actress, whatever, and then expecting the handful of Romansh speakers to correct their poor Romansh, simple needs to stop. --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 16:14, 5 favrer 2016 (CET)

::Ok.
::I had the same problem with a small project I was supervising.
::The same error was repeated 100s of times.
::Cheers, [[Utilisader:Varlaam|Varlaam]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Varlaam|talk]]) 22:35, 15 favrer 2016 (CET)

== [[Salamanca]] ==

Servus Terfili! Bitte den Artikel [[Salamanca]] nicht löschen. Ich lese mich gerade in das Thema ein und werde wohl was dazu schreiben. --[[Utilisader:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Andreas|talk]]) 20:42, 2 avrigl 2016 (CEST)
:Hallo Andreas,
:Kein Sorge, wenn schon würde ich sowieso erst die Stub-Vorlage ein paar Monate drin lassen. Gelöscht habe ich vorerst nur die Stumpen, die schon seit Jahren von ihren Verfassern verlassen worden sind. Viele Grüsse, --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 17:18, 7 avrigl 2016 (CEST)

== Thanks ==

Hi Terfili, thanks for tell me about the grammar mistakes, I will look the pages and maybe ... maybe if it will possible create a new page using the same text I will create but inicially I will only update population figures. [[Utilisader:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 21:14, 4 Settember 2016 (CEST)

== Help ==

:*Hi Terfili, I just created the article [[Zagreb]], using the text you corrected in the article [[Madrid]]. If you find this acceptable I'll use it to create more articles of European capitals. If you find that this bad ... I definitely stop. Best regards [[Utilisader:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 08:24, 11 Settember 2016 (CEST)
:::I don't have time to check each one right now, but it looks correct as far as I can tell (I'm not fluent in Romansh either). I see that someone has already gone through them and corrected your incorrect use of the articles in front of country names. I guess if you create stubs for each capital, no one will mind. If you plan to create more stubs than that, you might want to at least ask at the [[Wikipedia:La pinta]] what the Romansh community thinks about that. A few years back for example, someone created stubs for all Swiss municipalities, and I think a few users back then weren't too happy. The IP that has been correcting your capital city stubs seems slightly irritated as well, from what I can tell from the edit summaries... --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 02:57, 14 Settember 2016 (CEST)
::::Hi Terfili, many of the articles that the IP corrected had been edited by other editors [[Belize‎]][https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belize&amp;type=revision&amp;diff=150501&amp;oldid=143011], [[Barbados]] [https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbados&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=150502], [[Montevideo]] [https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montevideo&amp;curid=2173&amp;diff=150490&amp;oldid=134351]], [[Berlin]] [https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlin&amp;curid=2185&amp;diff=150478&amp;oldid=148968] ,including one by you, [[Bogotá]] [https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bogot%C3%A1&amp;curid=10364&amp;diff=150493&amp;oldid=148262]] and some were created by me. I am sysop on the Portuguese Wikipedia and we seek to encourage the editors there, guiding them to learn from their mistakes and become good editors. When I started on Wikipedia (pt) I made several errors, the Portuguese language is not my mother tongue, I learned and now I has articles created by me considered outstanding. We should encourage and not get irritated about new editors when they tried do their best. He corrected one word in articles created by me, well ... we can not expect that the articles come out perfect. ... Good luck on this Wikipedia. [[Utilisader:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 05:46, 14 Settember 2016 (CEST)
:::::Hi Dario,
:::::I think you’re overreacting a bit. Let me just explain the situation of the Romansh language a little bit. The speakers of Romansh number around 60,000. Slightly over half of that consider it to be the language they speak best. Probably even fewer of them can really write longer things in Romansh. Most Romansh can read their language, can write it too, but many of them just don’t use it in writing very often, because German is more dominant there (I once had a roommate who is from a village where 80% of the people speak Romansh, who grew up speaking Romansh, went to a Romansh school, and speaks Romansh with her entire family. But whenever she wrote text messages or e-mails to her family, she wrote in German, and when I visited her family's home one time, there were probably more things written in German there than in Romansh). The number of Romansh native-speakers who have ever been active here is probably below 100, and most of those who are sporadically active don’t seem very interested in correcting existing articles. This means that grammar errors will often remain uncorrected here for years. In fact, they will even spread sometimes. For example, a few years ago, a Spanish or Portuguese-speaking user created articles using the phrase “cunta cun”, which doesn’t exist in Romansh. Nobody was around to correct it. A few years later, you copied this sentence and started using it in other articles, because you assume that it is correct Romansh. The fact that the IP I mentioned has moved on from correcting your articles to older articles just shows how many old articles with poor grammar there are…

:::::When this Wikipedia was first started, there was a small but active group of Romansh speakers creating articles, and a few non-Romansh speakers creating hundreds of short articles full of grammar mistakes. Eventually, the Romansh users mostly became inactive without ever correcting all the errors. Who knows why, maybe they just got bored or became too busy. Or maybe they became frustrated with all the stubs being written in poor Romansh.

:::::Now let’s compare this to the Wikipedias in big languages like English, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese. Those languages have millions of speakers, and millions of people who use it in writing every day. On those Wikipedias, there are tons of users who do nothing except correcting spelling and grammar mistakes. If I write something on the English or French Wikipedia and make a mistake, someone is probably going to come along and correct it. Even if not, it probably isn’t such a big deal because there are still hundreds of thousands of other articles with good spelling and grammar.

:::::I hope you can understand now why I don’t think it is all that positive if non-Romansh-speaking users create articles or add language content. The areas where we who are not fluent in Romansh can help are updating content like you have (and which I think is great), maintaining things like categories or templates, etc. If you’re enthuasiastc about adding more content rather than just updating numbers, images, and the like, then if I were you I would just post a quick note on the “Pinta” I linked to, asking if any Romansh speakers would like to proofread your edits. --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 08:24, 15 Settember 2016 (CEST)
::::::Thank you for your long explanation. You were very kind. I'm editing in several other wikis mainly updating data and small corrections. I'll come here too. [[Utilisader:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 19:27, 15 Settember 2016 (CEST)
:::::::Hello, as I had made the corrections you have mentioned I would like to explain my commentaries: In fact it would have been enough for D. Severi to have consulted pages 72-73 in [https://lettres.unifr.ch/fileadmin/Documentation/Departements/Langues_et_litterature/Plurilinguisme_et_didactique_des_langues_etrangeres/Documents/RR_Documents/Grammatica_RR.pdf this grammar of Rumantsch Grischun] or page 2 in [http://www.pledarigrond.ch/rumantschgrischun/assets/binary/grammatica.pdf this one] (I presume he can at least read Romansh, as it would be really senseless to try to create articles in a language you cannot even read) before beginning to write; it would in fact have been recommendable for him to have read through the whole of the second, shorter one (27 pages). After that, any person knowing some other Romance langages well should have got some feeling for what might be grammatically correct Romansh and what definitely not. Doing it the other way round, first writing and then waiting for others to correct him, he in fact contributed to the situation described by Terfili, where there are still lots of articles containing the most evident errors, which are then serving as inpiration for other users who erroneously think they my learn some Romansh by reading stubs on Romansh WP. We are not talking just about stylistically doubtful cases here, but about articles containing forms that are just blatantly wrong and that no-one with active competence of the language would have used; I mostly corrected only errors of this kind, and the fact that some of them had been about for the whole of 10 years even came as a surprise to myself. The articles corrected by me should not be considered written in good Romansh in their present state, they are just a bit less evidently wrong. The same is true for many other stubs that had been provisionally corrected by Terfili or Andreas in the past, often only correcting some errors and overlooking others. For example, in the Madrid article Terfili corrected the &quot;cunta cun&quot; but overlooked (I guess just accidentally) the wrong form of the article, and then D. Severi erroneously asumed that that article could be used as a blueprint for wrinting new articles and so began to spread the apostrophized form of the article before a noun beginning with a consonant, that had been about in the Madrid article since its ceation by a Spanish speaking user with little competence in Romansh in 2012, to a dozen or so of other articles, although by reading through one of the grammar books I cited he could have easily understood that the Madrid article just contained an error that no-one had noticed or bothered to correct until then. -- [[Spezial:Contributions/141.20.6.66|141.20.6.66]] 23:35, 15 Settember 2016 (CEST)
::::::::Hi, I initially edited this wikipedia updating population data, something I'm doing in dozens of other Wikipedias, but I noticed that in this Wiki there were not several articles on the main European capitals, so I decided to change my usual editing and create stubs, but I really was wrong to assume that the existing text in some of the articles could be used as a blueprint for wrinting new one. Thanks for your explanations. [[Utilisader:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 04:36, 16 Settember 2016 (CEST)

== Pressespiegel ==

Sali Terfili, chasch do mol uf [[Wikipedia:Pressa|däre Syte]] luege, eb dr Titel vu dr Syte stimmt, un villicht au di erscht Zyylede ibersetze? Merci vylmol, --[[Utilisader:Holder|Holder]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Holder|talk]]) 09:11, 17 favrer 2017 (CET)
:Ok hanni gmacht. Luut em Pledari Grond isch &quot;Pressespiegel&quot; ùff Rumantsch Grischun &quot;Revista da pressa&quot;, drùm hanni die Syte verschoobe ùff [[Wikipedia:Revista da pressa]]. Merci für die Zämmestellig, miesst mer de no neume verlinke, wänn die Hilfe- ùn Gmeinschaftssyte emool organisiert werde...--[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 15:26, 17 favrer 2017 (CET)

== à propos de [[Sarah Thonig]] ==

Bonjour cher Terfili,
Je vous écris pour dire bonjour et savoir comment vous êtes. Je suis assez bien, en alternant le travail agricole et les traductions Wikipedia. Quant à l'article, hier, j'étais enclin à vous écrire pour voir si vous étiez prêt à améliorer ou de le traduire, puis les engagements dans le domaine social, où je suis occupé, et je suis parti en attente. Ma faute, de ma faute, ici je me demande si vous pourriez aider à résoudre le nécessaire et si vous voulez travailler avec moi avec les échanges réciproques dans les traductions. Je peux vous aider en italien et en Sicilien, et vuos dans les langues que vous savez. eh bien, je dis que je vous remercie de l'avertissement, l'estimation et la patience que vous avez eu et vous avec moi. salutations de Calabre--[[Utilisader:Luigi Salvatore Vadacchino|Luigi Salvatore Vadacchino]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Luigi Salvatore Vadacchino|talk]]) 14:19, 11 mars 2017 (CET)
:Bonjour Luigi ,
:Moi même je ne parle pas assez bien le romanche pour vraiment corriger des articles. Je le connais assez bien pour voir s'il y a des fautes et même pour écrire quelques phrases, mais je ne peux pas garantir que des fautes ne m’échappent pas. Et si je voudrais vraiment prendre du temps pour vérifier et corriger des choses, je pense que je le faisais pour des articles un petit plus centrales pour le romanche, et non pas pour des ébauches sur des thèmes qui n'ont rien à voir avec les romanchophones. Mais tu est le bienvenue d'essayer avec des autres utilisateurs qui ont le romanche comme langue maternelle: [[:Categoria:Utilisaders rm-N]]. Bonnes salutations, --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 11:01, 13 mars 2017 (CET)

== Deletion request ==

Hi Terfili, please delete this pages, that is no more used:
* [[Utilisader:Alex_brollo/text/Disputatiun]]

Is there a template to ask for deletion? 

Now, the &quot;magic prefix&quot; to get itwikisource html of almost any page (I tested by now ns0, Index, Wikisource, Autore namespaces) is &lt;code&gt;Itwikisource:&lt;/code&gt;; so, given that needed script has been uploaded, you can browse a large list of Romansh text from this page: [//rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itwikisource:Wikisource:Testi_in_romancio Itwikisource:Wikisource:Testi in romancio].

Any blue link into transcluded pages goes to a new self-transcluding page; on the contrary, red links open original itwikisource page. --[[Utilisader:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Alex brollo|talk]]) 23:32, 4 avust 2017 (CEST)
:Hi, [[Utilisader:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]], the deletion template here is [[Model:Stizzar]]. --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 17:11, 5 avust 2017 (CEST)

== Notice for interproject transclusion ==

Our &quot;interproject transclusion&quot; is really similar to &quot;tranclusion&quot; of shared File: pages, that can be viewed locally  even if they are hosted into another project, Commons. In those pages there's the notice coming from [[MediaWiki:Sharedupload-desc-here]], yours:

{{MediaWiki:Sharedupload-desc-here}}

(please fix if you can the &quot;red link&quot; to Commons, it's disturbing!)

I think that notice for interproject trasclusion could be extremely similar, just replacing what needs to be replaced. Similarity of the two notices will suggest (appropriately) to users the similarity of how pages work. --[[Utilisader:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Alex brollo|talk]]) 23:29, 12 avust 2017 (CEST)
:Yeah, that actually makes your idea of transclusion a lot easier to grasp. Hopefully after the summer, more users will comment on the discussion in the Pinta. --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 08:47, 14 avust 2017 (CEST)
:: Well, I just ended a big transcription work at it.wikisource ([[Itwikisource:Decameron]]), so it's time to convert the test script into something better. First goal will be to extend the stuff to mulwikisource (using a Mulwikisource: pseudonamespace); second one will be ''centralization'' of the script, and, if possible, something like a ''generalization'' of it, so allowing interproject transclusion from ''many'' wikisource project into ''many'' different projects. --[[Utilisader:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Alex brollo|talk]]) 22:50, 19 avust 2017 (CEST)
::: All has been rewritten, now the script is centralized at [//it.wikisource.org//Utente:Alex_brollo/ipt.js it.wikisource] and it has been a little bit scaled, so that it can import from itwikisource, mulwikisource, enwikisource and frwikisource (here you are more interested about the former two for romanish texts, I guess). Presently project specific css isn't imported, it needs a little more work but I hope to get a good result into days. 
::: Just as before you can test the script adding to your common.js simply &lt;code&gt;importScript(&quot;Utilisader:Alex brollo/common.js&quot;);&lt;/code&gt;. --[[Utilisader:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Alex brollo|talk]]) 23:23, 21 avust 2017 (CEST)

Thanks for thanking me about my recent edit but I dispute your charge of what you call my &quot;unnecessarily charged edit summary&quot;.  That is your opinion and, likewise, I also reserve the right to express my opinion on a subject of which I admittedly have very strong feelings and with very good reason too.

I have simply exercised my right to express my passionate hatred for an openly genocidal project whose sole aim is to eliminate Europe's indigenous population via the Coudenhove-Kalergi Plan! Those vermin in Brussels make no bones about the fact that that is what they are doing. Meanwhile, you have the temerity to pull me up on the fact that I made a simple comment in my edit summary expressing my delight that my beloved country is now free from this genocidal communist tyranny?!

I didn't use any profanity.  I simply spoke my mind and if you disagree with me speaking my mind then you are as much a tyrant as those globalist vermin in Brussels and Strasbourg! Give yourself a round of applause and a good pat on the back as well for being such a good little slave to that pond life and serving their evil agenda so perfectly!!!
:Hi [[Utilisader:Mike22r|Mike22r]]. Cool, have a nice day and watch your wording in edit summaries in the future. Cheers, --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 23:22, 11 avrigl 2020 (CEST)

== Saut à ski ==

Bonjour,

Je suis contributeur sur la wikipedia en français notamment sur le saut à ski. Avec un contributeur anglophone, on cherche à établir la liste des records du monde et on a trouvé cet [https://www.e-newspaperarchives.ch/?a=d&amp;d=FGL19300221-01.2.1&amp;srpos=32&amp;e=------193-fr-20--21-byDA-img-txIN-badrutt-------0----- article]. Pouvez-vous m'aider à comprendre ce qui est écrit. Merci ! --[[Utilisader:Shev123|Shev123]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Shev123|talk]]) 23:11, 28 november 2020 (CET)
:Bonjour {{Ping|Shev123}},
:Malheureusement, l’article dans ton lien est écrit dans le romanche de l’Engadine (probablement en [[:fr:Vallader]], mais je ne suis pas sûr) et je ne comprends pas assez bien cette idiome pour te donner une résumée. Les utilisateurs qui parlent le Vallader ou le Puter sont rares ici, mais tu pourrais essayer de contacter [[Utilisader:Stichflamme]] ou [[Utilisader:Xenos]].
:Bonnes salutations, --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 00:02, 6 december 2020 (CET)
::Merci beaucoup pour ton message. Entre-temps, [[Utilisader:Andreas]] a traduit le texte en anglais ce qui nous a permis d'améliorer un article. Merci à vous deux ! --[[Utilisader:Shev123|Shev123]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Shev123|talk]]) 13:32, 6 december 2020 (CET)

== Re: repassada dils artechels ==

Allegra! Per la plipart èn pleds che hai chattà sin la Vichipedia o [https://my.pledari.ch/index.php qua]. Ho domandà a Andreas de repassar ils artechels meus dapi che stun emprendond :) Jau vegn a scriver cur che vegn a esser pli bon. --[[Utilisader:Sciking|Sciking]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Sciking|talk]]) 19:56, 25 schaner 2021 (CET)
:Car [[Utilisader:Sciking|Sciking]],
:Il problem ei ch'el dat er'en biars artechels sbagls da lungatg pervia da persunas che scrivan artechels senza tschontschar bien il romontsch. Copiar d'auters artechels u d'in pledari basta buc sche ti enconuschas buc la structura dil lungatg. En il text survart has ti per exempel duvrau plaids ch'existan buc en romontsch (per exempel: meus), che han in'auter senz (per exempel &quot;dapi&quot; en liug da &quot;perquai che&quot;), e ti has emblidau da mettar ils pronoms (per exempel: &quot;hai chattà&quot; en liug da &quot;jau hai chattà&quot;), etc. Ti has schizun duvrau la tiarza persuna dil verb &quot;avair&quot; (ho) en Putèr en liug dalla emprima persuna en Rumantsch Grischun (&quot;hai&quot;)! Jeu vuless buc decuraschar tei d'emprender quei lungatg, mo il fuss meglier d'emprender primarmein e da far repassar tut ils artechels en tiu userspace avon da publicar. 
:Cars salids, --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 00:23, 1 favrer 2021 (CET)

== How we will see unregistered users ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=content/&gt;
Hi!

You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki.

When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed.

Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help.

If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]].

We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January.

Thank you. 
/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;section end=content/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:19, 4 schaner 2022 (CET)
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== Translation request ==
Hi. Sorry to bother you but I would like to ask you whether you could please translate this to Alemannisch?

&lt;poem&gt;
Lingua Franca Nova (“Elefen”) is a language designed to be particularly simple, consistent, and easy to learn for international communications. It has a number of positive qualities:
1. It has a limited number of phonemes. It sounds similar to Italian or Spanish.
2. It is phonetically spelled. No child should have to spend years learning irregularities.
3. It has a completely regular grammar, similar to the world’s creoles.
4. It has a limited and completely regular set of productive affixes for routine word derivation.
5. It has well-defined rules for word order, in keeping with many major languages.
6. Its vocabulary is strongly rooted in modern Romance languages. These languages are themselves widespread and influential, plus they have contributed the major part of English vocabulary
7. It is designed to be naturally accepting of Latin and Greek technical neologisms, the de facto “world standard”.
8. It is designed to seem relatively “natural” to those who are familiar with Romance languages, without being any more difficult for others to learn.
We hope you like Elefen!
&lt;/poem&gt;
Thanks for your help. --[[Utilisader:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 08:46, 30 matg 2023 (CEST)

== Tirana ==

@[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] Hi Terfili! Please can you add the page for Tirana: [[Tirana|https://rm.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirana]] I created, to its corresponding Wikidata page. Thanks [[Utilisader:Jonipiri|Jonipiri]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Jonipiri|talk]]) 12:49, 21. mars 2024 (CET)
:Hi [[Utilisader:Jonipiri|Jonipiri]]. I have corrected the language mistakes you made in that article as a kind gesture. Now please don't write any more articles in Romansh and let native or fluent speakers add the content. No idea why you think it's useful to write a tiny article in a language you clearly can't speak or write in. --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 10:00, 28. mars 2024 (CET)

== Durrës ==

@[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] Hi Terfili! I have also created an article for Durrës, the second largest city in Albania, and I wrote it correctly in Romansh, but I made a mistake at the infobox, when I copied the infobox from another article of a city, which was: &quot;Template: lieu spagnol&quot; but I changed it to &quot;Template: citad&quot;. I want from you to delete the article and recreate it again with the samr corrected content. Then add it to Wikidata. I just wanted to create these two articles for these two major cities of Albania, since I am from Albania. I am a little fluent in Romansh, since it is a Latin language, like Italian and Spanish, which I understand these languages. Thanks [[Utilisader:Jonipiri|Jonipiri]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Jonipiri|talk]]) 10:10, 30. mars 2024 (CET)

== Lana Del Rey ==

@[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] Hi Terfili! I have seen that you have deleted a page for Lana Del Rey on Rumantsch Wiki due to machine translation. Can you create this page again yourself on this Wiki to be correct? I would thank you so much if you will create it. Thanks [[Utilisader:GeveNika|GeveNika]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:GeveNika|talk]]) 18:21, 1. matg 2025 (CEST)

== Question ==

@[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] Hi Terfili!

I saw you deleted the page for Lana Del Rey that I created on Rumantsch Wiki. You deleted it due to machine translation. Can you create this page yourself since you understand this language.

Thanks [[Utilisader:FlavioGusy|FlavioGusy]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:FlavioGusy|talk]]) 22:55, 25. matg 2025 (CEST)

:Hi. I myself don't speak Romansh fluently, I have only studied it enough to write simple things and to evaluate whether something appears to be authentic Romansh or not. And just to explain one things: Romansh is a minority language, spoken by a few ten thousand people, which is under great pressure from German, especially in media and writing. Any content here only has value if it is authentic and correct. Nobody needs articles about random topics written in half-correct, unidiomatic, or machine-translated Romansh. No offensive intended, since you probably mean well with your article. But that is the language reality for Romansh speakers. Cheers, [[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 22:09, 10. zercl 2025 (CEST)

== Wanted Pages ==
→ [[Spezial:Gewünschte Seiten|Artitgels giavischads]]

--[[Utilisader:Albinfo|Albinfo]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Albinfo|talk]]) 17:40, 21. favr 2026 (CET)

== Löschung von minimalen Orts- und Gemeindeartikeln  ==

Lieber @[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]]: 
seit Disentis befasse ich mich mit der Rm-Wikipedia und versuche einen Mindeststandart der Orts- und Gemeindeartikel der Schweiz zu etablieren. Ein Diskussion fand bisher [https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:La_pinta#Was_machen? hier] statt. Ausgehend von meiner Arbeitsliste [[Utilisader:Horgner/Arbeitstisch2]] scheinen mir etwa 730 Artikel, also diejenigen vor und inklusive 
&quot;Montsevelier	5594	0	426	20130308160151	Q68496&quot;, nur minimal und liegen seit vielen Jahren brach. Ich habe in der Liste die Gemeinden und Orte im Bündnerland bewusst ausgeschlossen, weil sie ja im rm-Wikipedia Einzugsbereich liegen. Man könnte die fraglichen Artikel 1:1 löschen ohne dass es einen Schaden gäbe. Kannst du uns auf der Disk [https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:La_pinta#Was_machen? hier] deine Meinung dazu schreiben? Herzlichen Dank --[[Utilisader:Horgner|Horgner]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Horgner|talk]]) 13:15, 14. avr 2026 (CEST)</text>
      <sha1>ejnw73xyyhc2zkdr9twk7i3hq1hj3an</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Novitads da tecnica</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>12569</id>
    <revision>
      <id>170885</id>
      <parentid>170380</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-14T11:40:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>151</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Remplazzà Logo_for_the_beta_feature_FileExporter.svg cun [[c:File:Logo_for_FileExporter.svg|Logo_for_FileExporter.svg]] (ordinà da [[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]]: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Has</comment>
      <origin>170885</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="544425" sha1="0fhiucbr21oq9ea9jkg8x9ul2e4azwc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative; width:25%; float:right; padding:5px; text-align: left; text-indent: 5; border: 1px solid #0000C0; background-color: #EEEEFF; margin: 2em; &quot;&gt;
'''&amp;nbsp;Archivs'''&lt;br&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:Novitads da tecnica/Archiv/2014-16|''archiv dal 2014-16'']]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Review of initial updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''

The Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. For 15 years, Wikimedians have worked together to build the largest free knowledge resource in human history. During this time, we've grown from a small group of editors to a diverse network of editors, developers, affiliates, readers, donors, and partners. Today, we are more than a group of websites. We are a movement rooted in values and a powerful vision: all knowledge for all people. As a movement, we have an opportunity to decide where we go from here. 

This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. We hope to design an inclusive process that makes space for everyone: editors, community leaders, affiliates, developers, readers, donors, technology platforms, institutional partners, and people we have yet to reach. There will be multiple ways to participate including on-wiki, in private spaces, and in-person meetings. You are warmly invited to join and make your voice heard.

The immediate goal is to have a strategic direction by Wikimania 2017 to help frame a discussion on how we work together toward that strategic direction.

Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Beginning with this message, monthly reviews of these updates will be sent to this page as well. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page.

Here is a review of the updates that have been sent so far:

* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/15 December 2016 - Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (15 December 2016)
** Introduction to process and information about budget spending resolution to support it
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/23 December 2016 - Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (23 December 2016)
** Start of search for Lead Architect for movement strategy process
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/8 January 2017 - Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (8 January 2017)
** Plans for strategy sessions at upcoming Wikimedia Conference 2017
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/11 January 2017 - Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (11 January 2017)
** Introduction of williamsworks 
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 February 2017 - Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 February 2017)
** The core movement strategy team, team tracks being developed, introduction of the Community Process Steering Committee, discussions at WikiIndaba conference 2017 and the Wikimedia movement affiliates executive directors gathering in Switzerland
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/10 February 2017 - Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (10 February 2017)
** Tracks A &amp; B process prototypes and providing feedback, updates on development of all four Tracks

More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]].

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 21:32, 15 favrer 2017 (CET) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Overview #2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''

As we mentioned last month, the Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve.

Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Each month, we are sending overviews of these updates to this page as well. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page.

Here is a overview of the updates that have been sent since our message last month:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/16 February 2017 - Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (16 February 2017)
** Development of documentation for Tracks A &amp; B
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/24 February 2017 - Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (24 February 2017)
** Introduction of Track Leads for all four audience tracks
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 March 2017 - Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 March 2017)
** Seeking feedback on documents being used to help facilitate upcoming community discussions

More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]].

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 20:43, 9 mars 2017 (CET) • [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''
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== We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15) ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
: ''This message, &quot;[[mailarchive:wikimediaannounce-l/2017-March/001383.html|We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15)]]&quot;, was sent through multiple channels by  [[m:User:GVarnum-WMF|Gregory Varnum]] on 15 and 16 of March 2017 to village pumps, affiliate talk pages, movement mailing lists, and MassMessage groups. A similar message was sent by [[m:User:Nicole_Ebber_(WMDE)|Nicole Ebber]] to organized groups and their mailing lists on 15 of March 2017. This version of the message is available for translation and documentation purposes'' 

Dear Wikimedians/Wikipedians:

Today we are starting a broad discussion to define Wikimedia's future role in the world and develop a collaborative strategy to fulfill that role. You are warmly invited to join the conversation.

There are many ways to participate, by joining an existing conversation or starting your own: 

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Track_A|Track A (organized groups)]]: Discussions with your affiliate, committee or other organized group (these are groups that support the Wikimedia movement). 

Track B (individual contributors): [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Cycle_1|On Meta]] or your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Participate|local language or project wiki]].

This is the first of three conversations, and it will run between now and April 15. The purpose of cycle 1 is to discuss the future of the movement and generate major themes around potential directions. What do we want to build or achieve together over the next 15 years?

We welcome you, as we create this conversation together, and look forward to broad and diverse participation from all parts of our movement.

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017|Find out more about the movement strategy process]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Toolkit/Discussion_Coordinator_Role|Learn more about volunteering to be a Discussion Coordinator]]

Sincerely,

Nicole Ebber (Track A Lead), Jaime Anstee (Track B Lead), &amp; the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/People|engagement support teams]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 06:09, 18 mars 2017 (CET)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Please accept our apologies for cross-posting this message. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''
[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|right|150px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017]]

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, I am pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2017/Board_of_Trustees/Call_for_candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Elections]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]] (Board) is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long-term sustainability of the Wikimedia Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. More information about this role can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Call for candidates|letter from the Board of Trustees calling for candidates]].

'''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last from April 7 (00:00 UTC) to April 20 (23:59 UTC).'''

'''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates from April 7 to April 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].'''

Once the questions submission period has ended on April 20, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to beginning on April 21.

The goal of this process is to fill the '''three community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. The election results will be used by the Board itself to select its new members.

The full schedule for the Board elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. 

* April 7 (00:00 UTC) – April 20 (23:59 UTC) – '''Board nominations''' 
* April 7 – April 20 – '''Board candidates questions submission period'''
* April 21 – April 30 – '''Board candidates answer questions'''
* May 1 – May 14 – '''Board voting period'''
* May 15–19 – '''Board vote checking'''
* May 20 – '''Board result announcement goal'''

In addition to the Board elections, we will also soon be holding elections for the following roles:

* '''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)'''
** There are five positions being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|on Meta-Wiki]].

* '''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson (Ombuds)'''
** One position is being filled.  More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|on Meta-Wiki]].

Please note that this year the Board of Trustees elections will be held before the FDC and Ombuds elections. Candidates who are not elected to the Board are explicitly permitted and encouraged to submit themselves as candidates to the FDC or Ombuds positions after the results of the Board elections are announced. 

More information on this year's elections can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|on Meta-Wiki]]. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|election talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, &lt;tt dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5&quot;&gt;board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org&lt;/tt&gt;.

On behalf of the Election Committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 05:36, 7 avrigl 2017 (CEST) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for 20 to 30 minutes on 19 April and 3 May ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2017|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data center in Dallas.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.  To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test.  This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 19 April 2017'''.
On '''Wednesday, 3 May 2017''', they will switch back to the primary data center.  

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for approximately 20 to 30 minutes on Wednesday, 19 April and Wednesday, 3 May. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170419T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 20 April and Thursday 4 May). 
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the weeks of 17 April 2017 and 1 May 2017.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2017 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' /&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:33, 11 avrigl 2017 (CEST)
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== Wikidata description editing in the Wikipedia Android app ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|Wikidata description editing]] is a new experiment being rolled out on the Wikipedia app for Android.  While this primarily impacts Wikidata, the changes are also addressing a concern about the mobile versions of Wikipedia, so that mobile users will be able to edit directly the descriptions shown under the title of the page and in the search results.

We began by rolling out this feature several weeks ago  to a pilot group of Wikipedias (Russian, Hebrew, and Catalan), and have seen very positive [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions/Research|results]] including numerous quality contributions in the form of new and updated descriptions, and a low rate of vandalism.

We are now ready for the next phase of rolling out this feature, which is to enable it in a few days for all Wikipedias except the top ten by usage within the app (i.e. except English, German, Italian, French, Spanish, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish, and Chinese). We will enable the feature for those languages instead at some point in the future, as we closely monitor user engagement with our expanded set of pilot communities.
As always, if have any concerns, please reach out to us on wiki at [[:mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|the talk page for this project]] or by email at reading@wikimedia.org. Thanks!

-[[:mw:User:DBrant (WMF)|DBrant (WMF)]] 10:41, 14 avrigl 2017 (CEST)
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== New Page previews feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
New Page previews feature

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:CKoerner (WMF)/Enable Hovercards/Phase 1|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

Hello,

The Reading web team at the Wikimedia Foundation has been working to enable [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards|Page previews]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|a beta feature]] known previously as Hovercards, as opt-in behavior for logged-in users and the default behavior for logged-out users across Wikipedia projects. Page previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. For this project, we are expecting to collect feedback over the following few weeks and tentatively enable the feature in early May, 2017.

A quick note on the implementation:

* For logged-in users who are not currently testing out the beta feature, Page previews will be off by default. Users may turn them on from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|their user preferences]] page.
* For logged-out users, the feature will be on by default. Users may disable it at any time by selecting the setting cog available in each preview.
* For users of the Navigation popups gadget, you will not be able to turn on the Page previews feature while using navigational popups. If you would like to try out the Page preview feature, make sure to first turn Navigation popups off prior to turning Page previews on. 

You can read more about [[mw:Beta_Features/Hovercards|the feature]] and [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards#Success Metrics and Feature Evaluation|the tests we used to evaluate performance]], try it out by enabling it from the beta features page, and leave feedback or questions [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]]. 

Thank you, [[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:52, 19 avrigl 2017 (CEST)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2017) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychiatric Association|American Psychiatric Association]]''' – Psychiatry books and journals
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Bloomsbury|Bloomsbury]]''' – ''Who's Who'', Drama Online, Berg Fashion Library, and ''Whitaker's''
* '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Gaudeamus|Gaudeamus]]''' – Finnish humanities and social sciences
* '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Ympäristö-lehti|Ympäristö-lehti]]''' – The Finnish Environment Institute's ''Ympäristö-lehti'' magazine

'''Expansions'''
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Gale|Gale]]''' – Biography In Context database added
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Adam Matthew|Adam Matthew]]''' – all 53 databases now available

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Taylor &amp; Francis|Taylor &amp; Francis]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. 

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 20:52, 2 matg 2017 (CEST)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:AVasanth_(WMF)|Aaron]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun in 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun]]''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2017 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''.

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 1 to 23:59 UTC May 14. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|2017 Board of Trustees election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]&lt;/div&gt; 21:14, 3 matg 2017 (CEST)''
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== Beta Feature Two Column Edit Conflict View ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From May 9, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two_Column_Edit_Conflict_View|Two Column Edit Conflict View]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis. The Two Column Edit Conflict View is a new interface for the edit conflict resolution page. It highlights differences between the editor's and the conflicting changes to make it easy to copy and paste pieces of the text and resolve the conflict. The feature fulfils a request for a more user-friendly edit conflict resolution from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well! &lt;/div&gt; [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 16:41, 8 matg 2017 (CEST)
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== Editing News #1—2017 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;   

Did you know that you can review your changes visually? 

[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - visual diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes to an article.  Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|245x245px]]When you are finished editing the page, type your edit summary and then choose &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-savedialog-label-review}}&quot;.  
In visual mode, you will see additions, removals, new links, and formatting highlighted.  Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side.


[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected.|center|frameless|220x220px]]


Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs.


[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - wikitext diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display.|center|frameless|245x245px]]


The wikitext diff is the same diff tool that is used in the wikitext editors and in the page history. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;


Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[:mediawikiwiki:2017_wikitext_editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]] which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and adding [[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|the new visual diff tool]]. Their workboard is available [[:phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the work finished each week at  [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].   Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[:mw:Beta Features|beta feature]], and improving the visual diff tool.   

=== Recent changes ===
*A '''new wikitext editing mode''' is available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices.  The [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools.  Go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures]] to enable the {{Int:Visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-label}}. 
* A new '''[[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' is available in VisualEditor's visual mode.  You can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs.  More features will be added to this later.  In the future, this tool may be integrated into other MediaWiki components. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143350]
* The team have added [[:mediawikiwiki:Editing/Projects/Columns_for_references|multi-column support for lists of footnotes]]. The &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; block can automatically display long lists of references in columns on wide screens.  This makes footnotes easier to read.  You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&amp;title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&amp;priority=10&amp;parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597]
* You can now use your web browser's function to switch typing direction in the new wikitext mode. This is particularly helpful for RTL language users like Urdu or Hebrew who have to write JavaScript or CSS. You can use Command+Shift+X or Control+Shift+X to trigger this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153356]
* The way to switch between the visual editing mode and the wikitext editing mode is now consistent. There is a drop-down menu that shows the two options. This is now the same in desktop and mobile web editing, and inside things that embed editing, such as Flow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116417]
* The {{Int:visualeditor-categories-tool}} item has been moved to the top of the {{Int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}} menu (from clicking on the &quot;hamburger&quot; icon) for quicker access. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T74399] There is also now a &quot;Templates used on this page&quot; feature there. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T149009]
* You can now create &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;chem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;  tags (sometimes used as &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ce&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) for chemical formulas inside the visual editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153365]
* Tables can be set as collapsed or un-collapsed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T157989]
* The {{Int:visualeditor-specialcharacter-button-tooltip}} menu now includes characters for Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics and angle quotation marks (‹› and ⟨⟩) .  The team thanks the volunteer developer, [[:S:en:User:Tpt|Tpt]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108626]
* A bug caused some section edit conflicts to blank the rest of the page.  This has been fixed.  The team are sorry for the disruption. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T154217]
* There is a new keyboard shortcut for citations:  &lt;code&gt;Control&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;Shift&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; on a PC, or &lt;code&gt;Command&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;Shift&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; on a Mac.  It is based on the keyboard shortcut for making links, which is &lt;code&gt;Control&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Command&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; respectively. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T99299]

=== Future changes ===
* The team is working on a syntax highlighting tool.  It will highlight matching pairs of &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags and other types of wikitext syntax.  You will be able to turn it on and off.  It will first become available in VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode, maybe late in 2017. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246]
* The kind of button used to {{Int:Showpreview}}, {{Int:showdiff}}, and finish an edit will change in all WMF-supported wikitext editors.  The new buttons will use [[Mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]].  The buttons will be larger, brighter, and easier to read.  The labels will remain the same.  You can test the new button by editing a page and adding &lt;code&gt;&amp;ooui=1&lt;/code&gt; to the end of the URL, like this:  https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=edit&amp;ooui=1  The old appearance will no longer be possible, even with local CSS changes.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T162849]
* The [[:mediawikiwiki:File:Edit_toolbar_-_2.png|outdated 2006 wikitext editor]] will be removed later this year.  It is used by approximately 0.03% of active editors.  See [[:mw:Editor|a list of editing tools on mediawiki.org]] if you are uncertain which one you use.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30856]
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 20:05, 12 matg 2017 (CEST)
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== Prototype for editing Wikidata infoboxes on Wikipedia ==

Hello,

I’m sorry for writing in English. It’d be great if someone could translate this message if necessary.

One of the most requested features for Wikidata is to enable editing of Wikidata’s data directly from Wikipedia, so the editors can continue their workflow without switching websites.

The Wikidata development team has been working on a tool to achieve this goal: '''fill and edit the Wikipedia infoboxes with information from Wikidata, directly on Wikipedia''', via the Visual Editor. 

We already [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|asked for feedback in 2015]], and collected some interesting ideas which we [[:File:Facilitating_the_use_of_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_projects_with_a_user-centered_design_approach.pdf|shared with you in this thesis]]. Now we would like to present to you our first prototype and collect your feedback, in order to improve and continue the development of this feature.

We present this work to you very early, so we can include your feedback before and all along the development. You are the core users of this feature, so we want to make sure that it fits your needs and editing processes.

You will find the prototype, description of the features, and a demo video, '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Client editing prototype|on this page]]'''. Feel free to add any comment or feedback on the talk page. The page is currently not translated in every languages, but you can add your contribution by helping to translate it.

Unfortunately, I won’t be able to follow all the discussions on Wikipedia, so if you want to be sure that your feedback is read, please add it on the Wikidata page, in your favorite language. Thanks for your understanding.

Thanks, [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]]
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== RevisionSlider ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a default feature for all users on all wikis from May 17. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page so that you can easily move between revisions. The slider view is collapsed by default, and will load by clicking on it. It can also be turned off entirely in the user preferences. RevisionSlider has been a default feature on German, Arabic and Hebrew Wikipedia for 6 months and a beta feature on all wikis for 8 months. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Thanks to everyone who tested RevisionSlider and gave valuable feedback to improve the feature! We hope that RevisionSlider will continue to serve you well in your work. &lt;/div&gt; [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 16:44, 16 matg 2017 (CEST)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|Join the next cycle of Wikimedia movement strategy discussions (underway until June 12)]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]]''
[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg||{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}||150px]]
The Wikimedia movement strategy core team and working groups have completed reviewing the more than 1800 thematic statements we received from the first discussion. They have identified [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|5 themes that were consistent across all the conversations]] - each with their own set of sub-themes. These are not the final themes, just an initial working draft of the core concepts.

You are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|join the online and offline discussions taking place]] on these 5 themes. This round of discussions will take place between now and June 12th. You can discuss as many as you like; we ask you to participate in the ones that are most (or least) important to you.

Here are the five themes, each has a page on Meta-Wiki with more information about the theme and how to participate in that theme's discussion:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Healthy, Inclusive Communities|Healthy, Inclusive Communities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Augmented Age|The Augmented Age]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/A Truly Global Movement|A Truly Global Movement]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Most Respected Source of Knowledge|The Most Respected Source of Knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem|Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem]]

On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|movement strategy portal on Meta-Wiki]], you can find more information about each of these themes, their discussions, and how to participate.

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt; 23:09, 16 matg 2017 (CEST)
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== New notification when a page is connected to Wikidata ==

Hello all,

''({{Int:Please-translate}})''

The Wikidata development team is about to deploy a new feature on all Wikipedias. It is a new type of notification (via Echo, the notification system you see at the top right of your wiki when you are logged in), that will inform the creator of a page, when this page is connected to a Wikidata item.

You may know that [[d:Wikidata:Main page|Wikidata]] provides a centralized system for all the interwikilinks. When a new page is created, it should be connected to the corresponding Wikidata item, by modifying this Wikidata item. With this new notification, editors creating pages will be informed when another editor connects this page to Wikidata.

[[File:Screenshot Echo Wikibase notification.png]]

This feature will be deployed on May 30th on all the Wikipedias, excepting English, French and German. This feature will be disable by default for existing editors, and enabled by default for new editors.

This is the first step of the deployments, the Wikipedias and other Wikimedia projects will follow in the next months.

If you have any question, suggestion, please let me know by pinging me. You can also follow and leave a comment [[phab:T142102|on the Phabricator ticket]].

Thanks go to [[d:user:Matěj Suchánek|Matěj Suchánek]] who developed this feature! 

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] ([[:d:User talk:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|talk]])
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]]
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translations of this message are available on Meta-Wiki]].''

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, we are pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson]] elections. Please read the letter from the Wikimedia Foundation calling for candidates at [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|on the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee''&lt;br /&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities.  There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|the FDC elections page]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson''&lt;br /&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees,  and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. 

'''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last until May 28 (23:59 UTC).'''

'''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates until May 28. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on May 28, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to.

The goal of this process is to fill the '''five community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee and the '''community-selected ombudsperson'''. The election results will be used by the Board itself to make the appointments.

The full schedule for the FDC elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last.

* May 15 (00:00 UTC) – May 28 (23:59 UTC) – '''Nominations'''
* May 15 – May 28 – '''Candidates questions submission period'''
* May 29 – June 2 – '''Candidates answer questions'''
* June 3 – June 11 – '''Voting period'''
* June 12–14 – '''Vote checking'''
* June 15 – '''Goal date for announcing election results'''

More information on this year's elections can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]].

Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, &lt;tt dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5&quot;&gt;board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org&lt;/tt&gt;.

On behalf of the Election Committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt; 23:05, 23 matg 2017 (CEST)
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== Wikidata changes now also appear in enhanced recent changes ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello, and sorry to write this message in English. You can [[mw:User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Wikidata_in_enhanced_recent_changes|help translating it]].

Starting from today, you will be able to display Wikidata changes in both modes of the recent changes and the watchlist.

'''[[mw:User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Wikidata_in_enhanced_recent_changes|Read and translate the full message]]'''

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 10:33, 29 zercladur 2017 (CEST)

&lt;small&gt;(wrong target page? you can [[m:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)/List Wikipedias|fix it here]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Accessible editing buttons ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;The MediaWiki developers have been slowly improving the accessibility of the user interface.  The next step in this transition will change the appearance of some buttons and may break some outdated (non-updated or unmaintained) user scripts and gadgets.

You can see and use the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&amp;ooui=0 old] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&amp;ooui=1 new] versions now.  Most editors will only notice that some buttons are slightly larger and have different colors.

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;nolines&quot; caption=&quot;Comparison of old and new styles&quot; heights=&quot;240&quot; widths=&quot;572&quot;&gt;
File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, before.png|Buttons before the change
File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, after.png|Buttons after the change
&lt;/gallery&gt;

However, this change also affects some user scripts and gadgets.  Unfortunately, some of them may not work well in the new system.  &lt;mark&gt;If you maintain any user scripts or gadgets that are used for editing, please see '''[[:mw:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]]''' for information on how to test and fix your scripts.  Outdated scripts can be tested and fixed now.&lt;/mark&gt;

This change will probably reach this wiki on '''Tuesday, 18 July 2017'''.  Please leave a note at [[:mw:Talk:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]] if you need help.&lt;/div&gt; [[:m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 00:23, 11 fanadur 2017 (CEST)
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== Page Previews (Hovercards) update ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello,

A quick update on the progress of enabling [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]] (previously named Hovercards) on this project. Page Previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. As mentioned in December we're preparing to remove the feature from Beta and make it the default behavior for logged-out users. We have recently made a large update to the code which fixes most outstanding bugs. 

Due to some issues with our instrumentation, we delayed our deployment by a few months.  We are finally ready to deploy the feature.  Page Previews will be off by default and available in the user preferences page for logged-in users the week of July 24th. The feature will be on by default for current beta users and logged-out users. If you would like to preview the feature, you can enable it as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]. For more information see [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]]. Questions can be left [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]] in your preferred language. 

Thank you again.
&lt;/div&gt;[[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 00:32, 21 fanadur 2017 (CEST)
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== Improved search in deleted pages archive ==

{{int:please-translate}}

During Wikimedia Hackathon 2016, the [[mw:Wikimedia_Discovery|Discovery]] team [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T109561 worked] on one of the items on the 2015 community wishlist, namely [[m:2015_Community_Wishlist_Survey/Search#Provide_a_means_of_searching_for_deleted_pages|enabling searching the archive of deleted pages]]. This feature is now ready for production deployment, and will be enabled on all wikis, except Wikidata. 

Right now, the feature is behind a feature flag - to use it on your wiki, please go to the &lt;code&gt;Special:Undelete&lt;/code&gt; page, and add &lt;code&gt;&amp;fuzzy=1&lt;/code&gt; to the URL, like this: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUndelete&amp;fuzzy=1. Then search for the pages you're interested in. There should be more results than before, due to using ElasticSearch indexing (via the CirrusSearch extension).

We plan to enable this improved search by default on all wikis soon (around August 1, 2017). If you have any objections to this - please raise them with the Discovery team via [http://mailto:discovery@lists.wikimedia.org email] or on this announcement's discussion page. Like most Mediawiki configuration parameters, the functionality can be configured per wiki. 
Once the improved search becomes the default, you can still access the old mode using &lt;code&gt;&amp;fuzzy=0&lt;/code&gt; in the URL, like this: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUndelete&amp;fuzzy=0

Please note that since Special:Undelete is an admin-only feature, this search capability is also only accessible to wiki admins. 

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}  [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:40, 25 fanadur 2017 (CEST)
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== Improvements coming soon to Recent Changes ==

&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Rc-beta-tour-welcome-ltr.gif|link=Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New_filters_for_edit_review|right|frameless]]
Hello

Sorry to use English. {{Int:please-translate}}! {{Int:thank-you}}

'''In short:''' starting on 26 September, New Filters for Edit Review ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|now in Beta]]) will become standard on Recent Changes. They provide an array of new tools and an improved interface. If you prefer the current page you will be able to opt out. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about the New Filters]].

&lt;big&gt;'''What is this feature again?'''&lt;/big&gt;

This feature improves [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:RecentChangesLinked]] (and soon, [[Special:Watchlist]] – see below). 

Based on a new design, it adds new features that ease vandalism tracking and support of newcomers:
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|Filtering]] - filter recent changes with easy-to-use and powerful filters combinations, including filtering by namespace or tagged edits.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Highlighting function|Highlighting]] - add a colored background to the different changes you are monitoring. It helps quick identification of changes that matter to you.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Bookmarking|Bookmarking]] to keep your favorite configurations of filters ready to be used.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quality and Intent Filters|Quality and Intent Filters]] - those filters use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES predictions]]. They identify real vandalism or good faith intent contributions that need help. They are not available on all wikis. 
You can know more about this project by visiting [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quick tour|the quick tour help page]].

&lt;big&gt;'''Concerning RecentChanges'''&lt;/big&gt;

Starting on 26 September, '''New Filters for Edit Review will become standard on Recent Changes'''. We have decided to do this release because of a long and successful Beta test phase, positive feedback from various users and positive user testing. 

Some features will remain as Beta features and will be added later. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about those different features]].

If your community has specific concerns about this deployment or internal discussion, it can request to have the deployment to their wikis delayed to October 1, if they have ''sensible, consistent with the project, actionable, realistic feedback to oppose'' (at the development team's appreciation). 

You will also be able to opt-out this change in your preferences. 

&lt;big&gt;'''Concerning Watchlists'''&lt;/big&gt;

Starting on '''September 19''', the Beta feature will have a new option. '''Watchlists will have all filters available now on the Beta Recent Changes improvements'''.

If you have already activated the Beta feature &quot;{{int:eri-rcfilters-beta-label}}&quot;, you have no action to take. If you haven't activated the Beta feature &quot;{{int:eri-rcfilters-beta-label}}&quot; and you want to try the filters on Watchlists, please go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|your Beta preferences]] on September 19.  

&lt;big&gt;'''How to be ready'''&lt;/big&gt;

Please share this announcement!

Do you use Gadgets that change things on your RecentChanges or Watchlist pages, or have you customized them with scripts or CSS? You may have to make some changes to your configuration. Despite the fact that we have tried to take most cases into consideration, some configurations may break. The Beta phase is a great opportunity to have a look at local scripts and gadgets: some of them may be replaced by native features from the Beta feature.

Please ping me if you have questions. 

On behalf of the [[mw:Global Collaboration|Global Collaboration team]], [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 17:27, 14 Settember 2017 (CEST)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== RfC regarding &quot;Interlinking of accounts involved with paid editing to decrease impersonation&quot; ==

There is currently a RfC open on Meta regarding &quot;[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation requiring those involved with paid editing on Wikipedia to link on their user page to all other active accounts through which they advertise paid Wikipedia editing business.]&quot; 

Note this is to apply to Wikipedia and not necessarily other sister projects, this is only to apply to websites where people are specifically advertising that they will edit Wikipedia for pay and not any other personal, professional, or social media accounts a person may have.

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation Please comment on meta]. Thanks. Send on behalf of [[User:Doc James]].

[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:07, 17 Settember 2017 (CEST)
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== Discussion on synced reading lists ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Discussion on synced reading lists'''

Hello,

[[File:Illustration of Reading List feature on Android Wikipedia App (not logged in).png|thumb]] The Reading Infrastructure team at the Wikimedia Foundation is developing a cross-platform reading list service for the mobile Wikipedia app. Reading lists are like bookmark folders in your web browser. They allow readers using the Wikipedia app to bookmark pages into folders to read later. This includes reading offline. Reading lists do not create or alter content in any way.  

To create Reading Lists, app users will register an account and marked pages will be tied to that account. Reading List account preferences sync between devices. You can read the same pages on different mobile platforms (tablets, phones).  This is the first time we are syncing preference data between devices in such a way. We want to hear and address concerns about privacy and data security. We also want to explain why the current watchlist system is not being adapted for this purpose. 
=== Background ===
In 2016 the Android team replaced the simple Saved Pages feature with Reading Lists. Reading Lists allow users to bookmark pages into folders and for reading offline. The intent of this feature was to allow &quot;syncing&quot; of these lists for users with many devices. Due to overlap with the Gather feature and related community concerns, this part was put on hold. 

The Android team has identified this lack of synching as a major area of complaint from users. They expect lists to sync. The iOS team has held off implementing Reading Lists, as syncing was seen as a &quot;must have&quot; for this feature. A recent [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164990 technical RfC] has allowed these user stories and needs to be unblocked. Initially for Android, then iOS, and with web to potentially follow.

Reading lists are private, stored as part of a user's account, not as a public wiki page. There is no sharing or publishing ability for reading lists. No planned work to make these public. The target audience are people that read Wikipedia and want to bookmark and organize that content in the app. There is a potential for the feature to be available on the web in the future.

=== Why not watchlists ===

Watchlists offer similar functionality to Reading Lists. The Reading Infrastructure team evaluated watchlist infrastructure before exploring other options. In general, the needs of watchlists differ from Reading Lists in a few key ways:
* Reading lists focus on Reading articles, not the monitoring of changes.
* Watchlists are focused on monitoring changes of pages/revisions. 
** The Watchlist infrastructure is key to our contributor community for monitoring content changes manually and through the use of automated tools (bots). Because of these needs, expanding the scope of Watchlists to reading purposes will only make the project harder to maintain and add more constraints.
* By keeping the projects separate it is easier to scale resources. We can serve these two different audiences and prioritize the work accordingly. Reading Lists are, by their nature, less critical to the health of Wikipedia/MediaWiki.
* Multi-project support. Reading Lists are by design cross-wiki/project. Watchlists are tied to specific wikis. While there have been many discussion for making them cross-wiki, resolution is not in the near term.
[[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|More information can be found on MediaWiki.org]] where feedback and ideas are welcome. 

Thank you
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:35, 20 Settember 2017 (CEST)
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== New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers'''

The Readers web team will be deploying a new feature this week to make it [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|easier to download PDF versions of articles on the mobile website]].

Providing better offline functionality was one of the highlighted areas from [[m:New_Readers/Offline|the research done by the New Readers team in Mexico, Nigeria, and India]]. The teams created a prototype for mobile PDFs which was evaluated by user research and community feedback.  The [[m:New_Readers/Offline#Concept_testing_for_mobile_web|prototype evaluation]] received positive feedback and results, so development continued.

For the initial deployment, the feature will be available to Google Chrome browsers on Android. Support for other mobile browsers to come in the future. For Chrome, the feature will use the native Android print functionality. Users can choose to download a webpage as a PDF. [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Print_Styles#Mobile_Printing|Mobile print styles]] will be used for these PDFs to ensure optimal readability for smaller screens.

The feature is available starting Wednesday, Nov 15. For more information, see [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|the project page on MediaWiki.org]]. 

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} 
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 23:07, 20 november 2017 (CET)
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== Call for Wikimania 2018 Scholarships ==

Hi all,

We wanted to inform you that scholarship applications for [[:wm2018:Wikimania 2018|Wikimania 2018]] which is being held in Cape Town, South Africa on July 18–22, 2018 are now being accepted. '''Applications are open until Monday, 22 January 2018 23:59 UTC.'''

Applicants will be able to apply for a partial or full scholarship. A full scholarship will cover the cost of an individual's round-trip travel, shared accommodation, and conference registration fees as arranged by the Wikimedia Foundation. A partial scholarship will cover conference registration fees and shared accommodation. Applicants will be rated using a pre-determined selection process and selection criteria established by the Scholarship Committee and the Wikimedia Foundation, who will determine which applications are successful. To learn more about Wikimania 2018 scholarships, please visit: [[:wm2018:Scholarships]].

To apply for a scholarship, fill out the multi-language application form on: '''https://scholarships.wikimedia.org/apply'''

It is highly recommended that applicants review all the material on the Scholarships page and [[:wm2018:Scholarships/FAQ|the associated FAQ]] before submitting an application. If you have any questions, please contact: wikimania-scholarships at wikimedia.org or leave a message at: [[:wm2018:Talk:Scholarships]]. Please help us spread the word and translate pages!

Best regards, [[:m:User:Slashme|David Richfield]] and [[:m:DerHexer|Martin Rulsch]] for the [[:wm2018:Scholarship Committee|Scholarship Committee]] 20:24, 20 december 2017 (CET)
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== User group for Military Historians ==

Greetings, 

&quot;Military history&quot; is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at [[:m:Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians|Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians]].

[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:46, 21 december 2017 (CET)
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== Global preferences available for testing ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

Greetings,

Global preferences, a [[m:2016_Community_Wishlist_Survey/Categories/Miscellaneous#Global_settings|highly request feature in the 2016 Community Wishlist]], is available for testing.

# [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|Read over the help page]], it is brief and has screenshots
# Login or register an account on [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:Login Beta English Wikipedia]
# Visit [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:GlobalPreferences Global Preferences] and try enabling and disabling some settings
# Visit some other language and project test wikis such as [https://en.wikivoyage.beta.wmflabs.org English Wikivoyage], the [https://he.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99 Hebrew Wikipedia] and test the settings
# [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|Report your findings, experience, bugs, and other observations]]

Once the team has feedback on design issues, bugs, and other things that might need worked out, the problems will be addressed and global preferences will be sent to the wikis.

Please let me know if you have any questions. Thanks! --[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:24, 27 favrer 2018 (CET)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Editing News #1—2018 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
'''Did you know?'''&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
Did you know that you can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]] on any page?

[[File:Wikitext diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display|center|frameless|250px]]

Sometimes, it is hard to see important changes in a wikitext diff.  This screenshot of a wikitext diff (click to enlarge) shows that the paragraphs have been rearranged, but it does not highlight the removal of a word or the addition of a new sentence.

If you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the Beta Feature]] for &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-preference-visualdiffpage-label}}&quot;, you will have a new option.  It will give you a new box at the top of every diff page.  This box will let you choose either diff system on any edit.

[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected|center|frameless|200px]]
Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs.

In the visual diff, additions, removals, new links, and formatting changes will be highlighted.  Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side.

[[File:Visual diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes to an article.  Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|250px]]

This screenshot shows the same edit as the wikitext diff.  The visual diff highlights the removal of one word and the addition of a new sentence.

You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|the last newsletter]], the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]], which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and improving [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the work finished each week at [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  Their [[mw:Editing team/Current priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor, and improving the visual diff tool.
===Recent changes===
*The '''[[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]]''' is [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|available as a Beta Feature]] on desktop devices.  It has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools.  The team have been comparing the performance of different editing environments.  They have studied how long it takes to open the page and start typing.  The study uses data for more than one million edits during December and January.  Some changes have been made to improve the speed of the 2017 wikitext editor and the visual editor.  Recently, the 2017 wikitext editor opened fastest for most edits, and the 2010 WikiEditor was fastest for some edits.  More information will be posted at [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Editing performance]].
*The '''[[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' was developed for the visual editor.  It is now available to all users of the visual editor and the 2017 wikitext editor.  When you review your changes, you can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs.  You can also [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the new Beta Feature]] for &quot;Visual diffs&quot;.  The Beta Feature lets you use the visual diff tool to view other people's edits on page histories and [[Special:RecentChanges]].  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T167508]
*[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|'''Wikitext syntax highlighting''']] is available as a Beta Feature for both [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor]] and the 2010 wikitext editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246]
*The [[mw:Citoid|citoid service]] automatically translates URLs, DOIs, ISBNs, and PubMed id numbers into wikitext citation templates.  It is very popular and useful to editors, although it can be a bit tricky to set up.  &lt;mark&gt;Your wiki can have this service.  Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|read the instructions]]. You can [[phab:T127354|ask the team to help you enable citoid at your wiki]]&lt;/mark&gt;.

===Let's work together===
*The team will talk about editing tools at an upcoming [[m:Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meetings|Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meeting]].
*Wikibooks, Wikiversity, and other communities may have the visual editor made available by default to contributors.  If your community wants this, then please contact [[mw:User talk:Deskana (WMF)|Dan Garry]].
*The &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; block can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Projects/Columns for references|automatically display long lists of references in columns]] on wide screens.  This makes footnotes easier to read.  You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&amp;title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&amp;priority=10&amp;parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597]
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} 

—[[mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 21:56, 2 mars 2018 (CET)
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== Notification from edit summary ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The ability to [[m:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary|notify other users in edit summaries]] will be available later this week, on 15 March 2018. Other users can be notified if a [[m:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary#How_it_works|link to their user page is provided in an edit summary]]. Some user-made gadgets and scripts that automatically put user names in edit summaries may need to be changed to put a colon in the link, such as &lt;nowiki&gt;[[:User:Example]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;. You can change how you receive these mention notifications in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|preferences]]. This feature was [[m:2017_Community_Wishlist_Survey|highly requested in the 2017 Community Wishlist survey]], and [[m:Talk:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary|feedback is welcome]].

Thanks, happy editing to you. -[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 22:09, 12 mars 2018 (CET)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== We need your feedback to improve Lua functions ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello,

(I’m sorry for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}})

If you’re regularly using Lua modules, creating and improving some of them, we need your feedback!

The Wikidata development team would like to provide more Lua functions, in order to improve the experience of people who write Lua scripts to reuse Wikidata's data on the Wikimedia projects. Our goals are to help harmonizing the existing modules across the Wikimedia projects, to make coding in Lua easier for the communities, and to improve the performance of the modules.

We would like to know more about your habits, your needs, and what could help you. We have a few questions for you [[d:Wikidata:New convenience functions for Lua|on this page]]. Note that if you don’t feel comfortable with writing in English, you can answer in your preferred language.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 10:55, 27 mars 2018 (CEST)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Time to bring embedded maps (‘mapframe’) to most Wikipedias ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Time to bring embedded maps (‘mapframe’) to most Wikipedias'''

{{int:please-translate}}

[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Mapframe]] is a feature that enables users to easily display interactive maps right on wiki pages. Currently, most Wikipedias don’t have mapframe. But [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Maps#Milestones_and_Updates|fifteen Wikipedias]], along with all the other Wikimedia projects, are using mapframe today to display maps on thousands of pages.

A little background: over the last few months, the Foundation’s [[mw:Collaboration|Collaboration team]] has been working to improve the stability and user experience of the maps service. In addition, a question about long-term support for the maps service was recently settled, and a small team has been assigned for routine maintenance. Given these developments, bringing the benefits of mapframe to Wikipedias that lack the feature seems both safe and supportable. [[phab:T191583|Nine Wikipedias]] that use a stricter version of Flagged Revisions will not get mapframe in this release.

Maps are a valuable form of visual data that can improve readers’ understanding across a wide range of topics. If you know of any reasons why mapframe shouldn’t be implemented on your Wikipedia, let us know [[mw:Talk:Map_improvements_2018|on the project talk page]]. Unless we hear from you, we plan to release mapframe to most Wikipedias in May, 2018. So, if you foresee an issue, please let us hear from you. Otherwise, happy mapping!
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 23:38, 24 avrigl 2018 (CEST)
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== Wikitext highlighting out of beta ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|Wikitext syntax highlighting]], also known as CodeMirror, has been moved out of Beta Features and is available in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017_wikitext_editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] on all wikis. Syntax highlighting helps you see problems in your wikitext before previewing or publishing text. Please try out the tool if you did not do so while it was being developed, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:CodeMirror|feedback is welcome]]. - [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;20:55, 4 matg 2018 (CEST)
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== AdvancedSearch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From May 8, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|AdvancedSearch]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The feature enhances the [[Special:Search|search page]] through an advanced parameters form and aims to make [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch/Functional_scope|existing search options]] more visible and accessible for everyone. AdvancedSearch is a project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work!  &lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 16:53, 7 matg 2018 (CEST)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2018) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to research and tools as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/69/ Rock's Backpages]''' – Music articles and interviews from the 1950s onwards - 50 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/68/ Invaluable]''' – Database of more than 50 million auctions and over 500,000 artists - 15 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/70/ Termsoup]''' – Translation tool

'''Expansions'''
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/43/ Fold3]''' – Available content has more than doubled, now including new military collections from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand.
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/52/ Oxford University Press]''' – The Scholarship collection now includes [http://www.e-enlightenment.com/ Electronic Enlightenment]
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/60/ Alexander Street Press]''' – [https://alexanderstreet.com/products/women-and-social-movements-library Women and Social Movements Library] now available
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/58/ Cambridge University Press]''' – [http://orlando.cambridge.org/ Orlando Collection] now available

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/41/ Loeb Classical Library], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 20:03, 30 matg 2018 (CEST)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Improvements coming soon on Watchlists ==

&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Rc-beta-tour-welcome-ltr.gif|link=Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New_filters_for_edit_review|right|frameless]]
Hello

Sorry to use English. {{Int:please-translate}}! {{Int:thank-you}}

'''In short:''' starting on June 18, New Filters for Edit Review ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|now in Beta]]) will become standard on Watchlists. They provide an array of new tools and an improved interface. If you prefer the current page you will be able to opt out. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about the New Filters]].

&lt;big&gt;'''What is this feature again?'''&lt;/big&gt;

This feature is used by default on [[Special:RecentChanges]], [[Special:RecentChangesLinked]] and as a Beta feature on [[Special:Watchlist]]. 

Based on a new design, that feature adds new functions to those pages, to ease vandalism tracking and support of newcomers:
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|Filtering]] - filter recent changes with easy-to-use and powerful filters combinations, including filtering by namespace or tagged edits.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Highlighting function|Highlighting]] - add a colored background to the different changes you are monitoring. It helps quick identification of changes that matter to you.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Bookmarking|Bookmarking]] to keep your favorite configurations of filters ready to be used.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quality and Intent Filters|Quality and Intent Filters]] - those filters use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES predictions]]. They identify real vandalism or good faith intent contributions that need help. They are not available on all wikis. 
You can know more about this project by visiting [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quick tour|the quick tour help page]].

&lt;big&gt;'''About the release on Watchlists'''&lt;/big&gt;

Over 70,000 people have activated the New Filters beta, which has been in testing on Watchlist for more than eight months. We feel confident that the features are stable and effective, but if you have thoughts about these tools or the beta graduation, [[mw:Talk:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|please let us know]] on the project talk page. In particular, tell us if you know of a special incompatibility or other issue that makes the New Filters problematic on your wiki. We’ll examine the blocker and may delay release on your wiki until the issue can be addressed.

The deployment will start on June 18 or on June 25, depending on the wiki ([[phab:T195993#4261642|check the list]]). After the deployment, you will also be able to opt-out this change directly from the Watchlist page and also in your preferences. 

&lt;big&gt;'''How to be ready?'''&lt;/big&gt;

Please share this announcement!

If you use local Gadgets that change things on your Watchlist pages, or have a customized scripts or CSS, be ready. You may have to make some changes to your configuration. Despite the fact that we have tried to take most cases into consideration, some configurations may break. The Beta phase is a great opportunity to have a look at local scripts and gadgets: some of them may be replaced by native features from the Beta feature.

Please share your questions and comments on the [[mw:Talk:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|feedback page]].

On behalf of the [[mw:Collaboration|Collaboration team]], [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:14, 7 zercladur 2018 (CEST)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Update on page issues on mobile web ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Update on page issues on mobile web'''

{{int:please-translate}}
Hi everyone. The [[mw:Reading/Web/Team|Readers web team]] has recently begun working on exposing issue templates on the mobile website. Currently, details about issues with page content are generally hidden on the mobile website. This leaves readers unaware of the reliability of the pages they are reading. The goal of this project is to improve awareness of particular issues within an article on the mobile web. We will do this by changing the visual styling of page issues.

So far, we have [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|drafted a proposal on the design and implementation]] of the project.  We were also able to run [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues/Research Results|user testing on the proposed designs]].  The tests so far have positive results. Here is a quick summary of what we learned:
* The new treatment increases awareness of page issues among participants. This is true particularly when they are in a more evaluative/critical mode.
* Page issues make sense to readers and they understand how they work
* Readers care about page issues and consider them important
* Readers had overwhelmingly positive sentiments towards Wikipedia associated with learning about page issues
Our next step would be to start implementing these changes. We wanted to reach out to you for any concerns, thoughts, and suggestions you might have before beginning development. Please [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|visit the project page]] where we have more information and mockups of how this may look. Please [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|leave feedback on the talk page]]. 
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:58, 12 zercladur 2018 (CEST)
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== Consultation on the creation of a separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''({{int:please-translate}})''

Hi all,

I'm preparing a change in who can edit sitewide CSS/JS pages. (These are pages like &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Common.css&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Vector.js&lt;/code&gt; which are executed in the browser of all readers and editors.) Currently all administrators are able to edit these pages, which poses a serious and unnecessary security risk. Soon, a dedicated, smaller user group will take over this task. Your community will be able to decide who belongs in this group, so this should mean very little change for you. You can find out more and provide feedback at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|the consultation page on Meta]]. If you are involved in maintaining CSS/JS code, or policymaking around adminship requests, please give it a look!

Thanks!
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 12:50, 9 fanadur 2018 (CEST) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Global preferences are available ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Global preferences are now available, you can set them by visiting your new [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. Visit [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|mediawiki.org for information on how to use them]] and [[mw:Help talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|leave feedback]]. -- [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 21:19, 10 fanadur 2018 (CEST)
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== New user group for editing sitewide CSS / JS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''({{int:please-translate}})''

Hi all!

To improve the security of our readers and editors, permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed. (These are pages like &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Common.css&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Vector.js&lt;/code&gt; which contain code that is executed in the browsers of users of the site.)
A new user group, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt;, has been created.
Starting four weeks from now, only members of this group will be able edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.css&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.js&lt;/code&gt; that is either in the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:&lt;/code&gt; namespace or is another user's user subpage).

You can learn more about the motivation behind the change [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|here]].

Please add users who need to edit CSS/JS to the new group (this can be done the same way new administrators are added, by stewards or local bureaucrats).
This is a dangerous permission; a malicious user or a hacker taking over the account of a careless interface-admin can abuse it in far worse ways than admin permissions could be abused. Please only assign it to users who need it, who are trusted by the community, and who follow common basic password and computer security practices (use strong passwords, do not reuse passwords, use two-factor authentication if possible, do not install software of questionable origin on your machine, use antivirus software if that's a standard thing in your environment).

Thanks!
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 19:45, 30 fanadur 2018 (CEST) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Enabling a helpful feature for Template editors ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello.

The team working on TemplateStyles at the Wikimedia Foundation would like to enable TemplateStyles on this wiki.

TemplateStyles is a feature to allow non-administrators to write and manage CSS styles for templates. It allows contributors who edit templates to separate content and presentation. A good web practice that makes it easier to manage the layout of templates. If you don't edit templates, this will not have any impact on your contributions. 

TemplateStyles is useful for a few reasons. 

* It makes it possible for templates to work better on mobile.
* It cuts out confusion on where to apply CSS rules.
* Editing CSS is currently limited to administrators, which is a major barrier to participation.
* All stylesheets must be loaded on all pages (whether they actually use the page or not), which wastes bandwidth and makes debugging style rules more difficult.
You can [[mw:Help:TemplateStyles|learn more about TemplateStyles on MediaWiki.org]]. [[mw:Extension:TemplateStyles|Technical documentation is also available]].

This is an optional feature and no one must use it, but template contributors are encouraged to do so! Please discuss and let us know if there are any concerns. If there are no concerns we will proceed to deploy the feature on the 9th of August.

Thank you.
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 23:28, 6 avust 2018 (CEST)
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== Editing of sitewide CSS/JS is only possible for interface administrators from now ==

''({{int:please-translate}})''

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all,

as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS/announcement 2|announced previously]], permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed: only members of the &lt;code&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt; ({{int:group-interface-admin}}) group, and a few highly privileged global groups such as stewards, can edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with .css or .js that is either in the MediaWiki: namespace or is another user's user subpage). This is done to improve the security of readers and editors of Wikimedia projects. More information is available at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS]]. If you encounter any unexpected problems, please contact me or file a bug.

Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 14:40, 27 avust 2018 (CEST) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.  To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 12 September 2018'''.
On '''Wednesday, 10 October 2018''', they will switch back to the primary data center.  

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop when we switch.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Wednesday, 12 September and Wednesday, 10 October. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170503T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 13 September and Thursday 11 October). 
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the weeks of 10 September 2018 and 8 October 2018.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' /&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Johan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 15:33, 6 Settember 2018 (CEST)
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== Editing News #2—2018 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?
[[File:Mobile editing watchlist star editing pencil.png|alt=Screenshot showing the location of the pencil icon|center|frameless|250px]]

Tap on the pencil icon to start editing.  The page will probably open in the wikitext editor.

You will see another pencil icon in the toolbar.  Tap on that pencil icon to the switch between visual editing and wikitext editing.

[[File:Visual editing mobile switch wikitext.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

Remember to publish your changes when you're done.

You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has wrapped up most of their work on the [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] and [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]].  The team has begun investigating the needs of editors who use mobile devices.  Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mw:Wikimedia Audiences/2018-19 Q2 Goals#Contributors|current priorities]] are fixing bugs and improving mobile editing.   

=== Recent changes ===
*The Editing team has published an [[mw:Mobile editing using the visual editor report|initial report about mobile editing]].  
*The Editing team has begun a design study of visual editing on the mobile website.  New editors have trouble doing basic tasks on a smartphone, such as adding links to Wikipedia articles.  You can [[c:File:Visual Editor Heuristic - Results.pdf|read the report]].
*The Reading team is working on a [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|separate mobile-based contributions project]].
*The 2006 wikitext editor is [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Removal of the 2006 wikitext editor|no longer supported]].  If you used [[:File:Edit toolbar - 2.png|that toolbar]], then you will no longer see any toolbar.  You may choose another editing tool in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|editing preferences]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|local gadgets]], or [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]].
*The Editing team described the history and status of [[mw:Extension:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] in [[m:Wikimedia monthly activities meetings/2018-03|this recorded public presentation]] (starting at 29 minutes, 30 seconds).
*The Language team released [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version of Content Translation]] (CX2) last month, on [[foundationsite:2018/09/30/international-translation-day/|International Translation Day]]. It integrates the visual editor to support templates, tables, and images.  It also produces better wikitext when the translated article is published. [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2018/09/30/content-translation-version-two/]

=== Let's work together ===
* The Editing team wants to improve visual editing on the mobile website.  &lt;mark&gt;Please read [[mw:Visual-based mobile editing/Ideas/October 2018|their ideas]] and tell the team what you think would help editors who use the mobile site.&lt;/mark&gt;  
*The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins next week.
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[mw:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 15:17, 2 november 2018 (CET)
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== Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web'''

{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Page_issues_-_mobile_banner_example.jpg|thumb|Example of improvements]]

Hello,

In a few weeks the Readers web team will be changing how some templates look on the mobile web site. We will make these templates more noticeable when viewing the article. We ask for your help in updating any templates that don't look correct.

What kind of templates? Specifically templates that notify readers and contributors about issues with the content of an article – the text and information in the article. Examples like [[wikidata:Q5962027|Template:Unreferenced]] or [[Wikidata:Q5619503|Template:More citations needed]]. Right now these notifications are hidden behind a link under the title of an article. We will format templates like these (mostly those that use Template:Ambox or message box templates in general) to show a short summary under the page title. You can tap on the &quot;Learn more&quot; link to get more information.

For template editors we have [[mw:Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Making_page_issues_(ambox_templates)_mobile_friendly|some recommendations on how to make templates that are mobile-friendly]] and also further [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|documentation on our work so far]].

If you have questions about formatting templates for mobile, [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|please leave a note on the project talk page]] or [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Readers-Web-Backlog file a task in Phabricator] and we will help you.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:35, 13 november 2018 (CET)
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== Community Wishlist Survey vote ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Hey everyone,

The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. The communities have now posted a long list of technical proposals. You can vote on the proposals from now until 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. 

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 19:13, 22 november 2018 (CET)
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== Advanced Search ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  
[[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch|Advanced Search]] will become a default feature on your wiki on November 28. This new interface allows you to perform specialized searches on the [[Special:Search|search page]], even if you don’t know any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|search syntax]]. Advanced Search originates from the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishes project]]. It's already a default feature on German, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian Wikipedia. Besides, more than 40.000 users across all wikis have tested the beta version. Feedback is welcome on the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:AdvancedSearch|central feedback page]].&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|talk]]) 12:03, 26 november 2018 (CET)
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== New Wikimedia password policy and requirements ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

The Wikimedia Foundation security team is implementing a new [[m:Password policy|password policy and requirements]]. [[mw:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|You can learn more about the project on MediaWiki.org]].

These new requirements will apply to new accounts and privileged accounts. New accounts will be required to create a password with a minimum length of 8 characters. Privileged accounts will be prompted to update their password to one that is at least 10 characters in length.

These changes are planned to be in effect on December 13th. If you think your work or tools will be affected by this change, please let us know on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|the talk page]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 21:03, 6 december 2018 (CET)
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== Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]]

Love is an important subject for humanity and it is expressed in different cultures and regions in different ways across the world through different gestures, ceremonies, festivals and to document expression of this rich and beautiful emotion, we need your help so we can share and spread the depth of cultures that each region has, the best of how people of that region, celebrate love. 

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love|Wiki Loves Love (WLL)]] is an international photography competition of Wikimedia Commons with the subject love testimonials happening in the month of February.

The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. 

The theme of 2019 iteration is '''''Celebrations, Festivals, Ceremonies and rituals of love.'''''

Sign up your affiliate or individually at [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Participants|Participants]] page.

To know more about the contest, check out our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Commons Page]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/FAQ|FAQs]]

There are several prizes to grab. Hope to see you spreading love this February with Wiki Loves Love!

Kind regards,

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/International Team|Wiki Loves Love Team]]

Imagine... the sum of all love!
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:13, 27 december 2018 (CET)
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== FileExporter beta feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
[[File:Logo for FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]]
A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature.

The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. 

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 10:41, 14 schaner 2019 (CET)
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== No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;
19:52, 16 schaner 2019 (CET)
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== Talk to us about talking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt=&quot;￼icon depicting two speech Bubbles&quot;|frameless|right|120px]]
The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication.

We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices.

We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives.

We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help.

'''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.'''

You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do:  
# First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]]  
# Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group.  This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback.  
# Then ask people what they think about communication processes.  We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki.  Please consider asking these five questions:
## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you?
## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them?
## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages?
## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations?
## What are the important aspects of a &quot;wiki discussion&quot;?
# Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group.  Please include links if the discussion is available to the public.

'''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.'''

Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]].

You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer.

Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you.
&lt;/div&gt; [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 16:01, 21 favrer 2019 (CET)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013)
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor &amp; Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:40, 13 mars 2019 (CET)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 12:56, 8 avrigl 2019 (CEST)
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== Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request ==

{{int:please-translate}}

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 19:35, 12 avrigl 2019 (CEST)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Multilingual Shared Templates and Modules ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello rm-wiki community! ({{int:please-translate}})

I recently organized a project to share templates and modules between wikis. It allows modules and templates to be “language-neutral”, and store all text translations on Commons. This means that it is enough to copy/paste a template without any changes, and update the translations separately. If someone fixes a bug or adds a new feature in the original module, you can copy/paste it again without any translation work. My bot ''DiBabelYurikBot'' can help with copying. This way users can spend more time on content, and less time on updating and copying templates. Please see [[mw:WP:TNT|project page]] for details and ask questions on talk page.

P.S. I am [[meta:Affiliate-selected_Board_seats/2019/Nominations/Yuri_Astrakhan_(yurik)|currently running]] for the Wikimedia board, focusing on content and support of multi-language communities. If you liked my projects like maps, graphs, or this one, I will be happy to receive your support. (any [[meta:Affiliate-selected_Board_seats/2019/Eligible_entities|registered user group]] can vote). Thank you! --[[User:Yurik|Yurik]] ([[meta:User talk:Yurik|🗨️]]) 08:27, 11 matg 2019 (CEST)&lt;/div&gt;

== Wikidata Bridge: edit Wikidata’s data from Wikipedia infoboxes ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''Sorry for writing this message in English - feel free to help us translating it :)''

Hello all,

Many language versions of Wikipedia use the content of [[Wikidata]], the centralized knowledge base, to fill out the content of infoboxes. The data is stored in Wikidata and displayed, partially or completely, in the Wikipedia’s language, on the articles.
This feature is used by many template editors, but brought several issues that were raised by communities in various places: not being able to edit the data directly from Wikipedia was one of them.

This is the reason why the '''[[mw:Wikidata Bridge|Wikidata Bridge]]''' project started, with the goal of offering a way to Wikipedia editors to edit Wikidata’s data more easily. This will be achieved by an interface, connected to the infobox, that users can access directly from their local wiki. 

The project is now at an early stage of development. A lot of [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Research|user research]] has been done, and will continue to be done through the different phases of the project. The next steps of [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Development|development]] will be achieved by the development team working at Wikimedia Deutschland, starting now until the end of 2019.

In order to make sure that we’re building a tool that is answering editors’ needs, we’re using agile methods in our development process. We don’t start with a fixed idea of the tool we want to deliver: we will build it together with the editors, based on feedback loops that we will regularly organize. The first version will not necessarily have all of the features you want, but it will keep evolving.

Here’s the planned timeline:
* From June to August, we will build the setup and technical groundwork. 
* From September to November 2019, we will develop the first version of the feature and publish a test system so you can try it and give feedback. 
* Later on, we will test the feature on a few projects, in collaboration with the communities. 
** We will first focus on early adopters communities who already implemented a shortcut from their infoboxes to edit Wikidata (for example Russian, Catalan, Basque Wikipedias)
** but we also welcome also communities who [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Get_involved|volunteer to be part of the first test round]]. 
** Then we will reach some of the big Wikipedias (French, German, English) in order to see if the project scales and to address their potentially different needs. 
** Even later, we can consider enabling the feature on all the other projects. 
In any case, no deployment or big change will be enforced on the projects without talking to the communities first, and helping the template builders to prepare for the changes they will have to do on the infoboxes’ code.

If you want to get involved, there are several ways to help:
* Read and help translating [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge|the documentation pages]]
* Follow the [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Updates|updates]] and participate in [[mw:Topic:V1x2lxtu8rgi954a|the first feedback loop]]
* Talk about it with your local community
More ideas will be added [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Get_involved|on this page]] along the way

If you have any questions for the development team, feel free to ask them [[mw:Talk:Wikidata_Bridge|on the main talk page]]. You can also ask under this message, but if you expect an answer from me, please make sure to ping me.

Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 15:03, 24 zercladur 2019 (CEST)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Editing News #1—July 2019 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
&lt;big&gt;'''Did you know?'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?

Every article has a pencil icon at the top.  Tap on the pencil icon [[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|frameless|16x16px]] to start editing.  

'''&lt;big&gt;Edit Cards&lt;/big&gt;'''

[[File:EditCards-v.20.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

This is what the new '''Edit Cards for editing links''' in the mobile visual editor look like. You can try the prototype here: '''[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].'''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Welcome back to the [[mw:Editing|Editing]] newsletter.

Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|the last newsletter]], the team has released two new features for the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|mobile visual editor]] and has started developing three more.  All of this work is part of the team's goal to [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2018-2019/Audiences#Outcome 3: Mobile Contribution|make editing on mobile web simpler]].  

Before talking about the team's recent releases, we have a question for you:  

&lt;strong&gt;Are you willing to try a new way to add and change links?&lt;/strong&gt;

If you are interested, we would value your input!  You can try this new link tool in the mobile visual editor on a separate wiki. 

&lt;em&gt;Follow these instructions and share your experience:&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].&lt;/strong&gt;

=== Recent releases ===
The mobile visual editor is a simpler editing tool, for smartphones and tablets using the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile#About|mobile site]].  The Editing team recently launched two new features to improve the mobile visual editor: 

# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|Section editing]]
#* The purpose is to help contributors focus on their edits.
#* The team studied this with an A/B test.  [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing#16 June 2019|This test showed]] that contributors who could use section editing were '''1% more likely to publish''' the edits they started than people with only full-page editing.
# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#March 1, 2019|Loading overlay]]
#* The purpose is to smooth the transition between reading and editing.

Section editing and the new loading overlay are '''now available to everyone''' using the mobile visual editor.

=== New and active projects ===
This is a list of our most active projects. [[mw:Help:Watching pages|Watch]] these pages to learn about project updates and to share your input on new designs, prototypes and research findings.

*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit cards]]: This is a clearer way to add and edit links, citations, images, templates, etc. in articles.  You can try this feature now.  &lt;em&gt;Go here to see how:&lt;/em&gt; [[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 &lt;em&gt;Try Edit Cards&lt;/em&gt;]].
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Mobile toolbar refresh]]: This project will learn if contributors are more successful when the editing tools are easier to recognize.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|Mobile visual editor availability]]: This A/B test asks:  ''Are newer contributors more successful if they use the mobile visual editor?''  We are collaborating with [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default#26 June 2019 %E2%80%93 Participating wikis and test start date|20 Wikipedias]] to answer this question.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Usability improvements|Usability improvements]]: This project will make the mobile visual editor easier to use.  The goal is to let contributors stay focused on editing and to feel more confident in the editing tools.

=== Looking ahead ===

* '''Wikimania:'''  Several members of the Editing Team will be attending [[wmania:|Wikimania]] in August 2019.  They will lead a session about mobile editing in the [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|Community Growth space]].  Talk to the team about how editing can be improved.
* '''Talk Pages:'''  In the coming months, the Editing Team will begin [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|improving talk pages]] and communication on the wikis.

=== Learning more ===
The [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|VisualEditor on mobile]] is a good place to learn more about the projects we are working on. The team wants to talk with you about anything related to editing. If you have something to say or ask, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

[[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 
&lt;/div&gt; 20:32, 23 fanadur 2019 (CEST)
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== New tools and IP masking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hey everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling.

We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment.

You can post in your language if you can't write in English.
[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 16:18, 21 avust 2019 (CEST)
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== The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Hello, 

In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to &quot;re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)&quot;.

Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. 

How can you help?

* Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset);

* Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or

* Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans.

We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation!

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] 19:14, 30 Settember 2019 (CEST)
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== Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. The Readers Web team at the WMF will work on some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|improvements to the desktop interface]] over the next couple of years. The goal is to increase usability without removing any functionality. We have been inspired by changes made by volunteers, but that currently only exist as local gadgets and user scripts, prototypes, and volunteer-led skins. We would like to begin the process of bringing some of these changes into the default experience on all Wikimedia projects. 

We are currently in the research stage of this project and are looking for ideas for improvements, as well as feedback on our current ideas and mockups.  So far, we have performed interviews with community members at Wikimania. We have gathered lists of previous volunteer and WMF work in this area. We are examining possible technical approaches for such changes.  

We would like individual feedback on the following:

* Identifying focus areas for the project we have not yet discovered
* Expanding the list of existing gadgets and user scripts that are related to providing a better desktop experience. If you can think of some of these from your wiki, please let us know
* Feedback on the ideas and mockups we have collected so far

We would also like to gather a list of wikis that would be interested in being test wikis for this project - these wikis would be the first to receive the updates once we’re ready to start building. 

When giving feedback, please consider the following goals of the project:

* Make it easier for readers to focus on the content
* Provide easier access to everyday actions (e.g. search, language switching, editing)
* Put things in logical and useful places
* Increase consistency in the interface with other platforms - mobile web and the apps
* Eliminate clutter
* Plan for future growth

As well as the following constraints:

* Not touching the content - no work will be done in terms of styling templates or to the structure of page contents themselves
* Not removing any functionality - things might move around, but all navigational items and other functionality currently available by default will remain
* No drastic changes to the layout - we're taking an evolutionary approach to the changes and want the site to continue feeling familiar to readers and editors

Please give all feedback (in any language) at [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements]] 

After this round of feedback, we plan on building a prototype of suggested changes based on the feedback we receive. You’ll hear from us again asking for feedback on this prototype.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[mw:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 09:18, 16 october 2019 (CEST)
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== Beta feature &quot;Reference Previews&quot; ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page.

Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]].

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 11:47, 23 october 2019 (CEST)
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== Editing News #2 – Mobile editing and talk pages ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

Inside this newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] talks about their work on the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]], on [[mw:Talk pages project|the new talk pages project]], and at [[wikimania:|Wikimania 2019]].

=== Help ===
&lt;strong&gt;What talk page interactions do you remember?&lt;/strong&gt; Is it a story about how someone helped you to learn something new? Is it a story about how someone helped you get involved in a group? Something else?  Whatever your story is, we want to hear it!  

Please tell us a story about how you used a talk page.  &lt;mark&gt;Please share a link to a memorable discussion, or describe it on the &lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V8d91yh8gcg404dj|talk page for this project]]&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/mark&gt;  The team wants your examples.  These examples will help everyone develop a shared understanding of what this project should support and encourage.

=== Talk pages project ===
The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk Pages Consultation]] was a global consultation to define better tools for wiki communication. From February through June 2019, more than 500 volunteers on 20 wikis, across 15 languages and multiple projects, came together with members of the Foundation to create a product direction for a set of discussion tools.  The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 2 report|Phase 2 Report]] of the Talk Page Consultation was published in August. It summarizes the product direction the team has started to work on, which you can read more about here: [[mw:Talk pages project|Talk Page Project project page]]. 

The team needs and wants your help at this early stage.  They are starting to develop the first idea. Please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Getting involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page, if you would like to hear about opportunities to participate.

=== Mobile visual editor ===
The Editing team is trying to make it simpler to edit on mobile devices.  The team is changing the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|visual editor on mobile]]. If you have something to say about editing on a mobile device, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit Cards]] ====
[[File:Edit Cards-before-v3-comparison.png|thumb|486x486px|What happens when you click on a link.  The new Edit Card is bigger and has more options for editing links.]]

* On 3 September, the Editing team released [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|version 3 of Edit Cards]]. Anyone could use the new version in the mobile visual editor.
* There is an [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|updated design]] on the Edit Card for adding and modifying links.  There is also a new, [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#2 September 2019 - v3 deployment timing|combined workflow for editing a link's display text and target]].
* Feedback: You can try the new Edit Cards by opening the mobile visual editor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[:mw:Topic:V5rg0cqmikpubmjj|Edit cards talk page]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Toolbar]] ====
[[File:Toolbar-comparison-v1.png|thumb|486px|The editing toolbar is changing in the mobile visual editor.  The old system had two different toolbars.  Now, all the buttons are together.  [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Tell the team what you think about the new toolbar]].]]

* In September, the Editing team updated the mobile visual editor's editing toolbar.  Anyone could see these changes in the mobile visual editor.
** &lt;em&gt;One toolbar:&lt;/em&gt; All of the editing tools are located in one toolbar.  Previously, the toolbar changed when you clicked on different things.
**&lt;em&gt;New navigation:&lt;/em&gt; The buttons for moving forward and backward in the edit flow have changed.
**&lt;em&gt;Seamless switching:&lt;/em&gt; an [[phab:T228159|improved workflow]] for switching between the visual and wikitext modes.
* Feedback: You can try the refreshed toolbar by opening the mobile VisualEditor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Toolbar feedback talk page]].

=== Wikimania ===
The Editing Team attended [[wmania:2019:Program|Wikimania 2019]] in Sweden.  They led a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|the mobile visual editor]] and a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/After Flow: A new direction for improving talk pages|the new talk pages project]].  They tested [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh#v1 prototype|two]] new [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#v3 prototype|features]] in the mobile visual editor with contributors.  You can read more about what the team did and learned in [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#Wikimania Stockholm: Overview|the team's report on Wikimania 2019]].

=== Looking ahead ===

* &lt;strong&gt;Talk Pages Project:&lt;/strong&gt; The team is thinking about the first set of proposed changes.  The team will be working with a few communities to pilot those changes. The best way to stay informed is by adding your username to the list on the project page: [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;Getting involved&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Testing the mobile visual editor as the default:&lt;/strong&gt;  The Editing team plans to post results before the end of the calendar year. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|&lt;strong&gt;VisualEditor as mobile default project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Measuring the impact of Edit Cards:&lt;/strong&gt;  This study asks whether the project helped editors add links and citations.  The Editing team hopes to share results in November.  The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|&lt;strong&gt;Edit Cards project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].

– [[User:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 12:12, 29 october 2019 (CET)
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== Google Code-In will soon take place again! Mentor tasks to help new contributors! ==

Hi everybody! Google Code-in (GCI) will soon take place again - a seven week long contest for 13-17 year old students to contribute to free software projects. Tasks should take an experienced contributor about two or three hours and can be of the categories Code, Documentation/Training, Outreach/Research, Quality Assurance, and User Interface/Design. Do you have any Lua, template, gadget/script or similar task that would benefit your wiki? Or maybe some of your tools need better documentation? If so, and you can imagine enjoying mentoring such a task to help a new contributor, please check out [[:mw:Google Code-in/2019]] and become a mentor. If you have any questions, feel free to ask at [[:mw:Talk:Google Code-in/2019|our talk page]]. Many thanks in advance! --[[User:Martin Urbanec|Martin Urbanec]] 08:28, 5 november 2019 (CET)
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== Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project ==

Hello

The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement.

To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating!

-- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) 20:01, 22 schaner 2020 (CET)
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== Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages ==

''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' 

You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment.  We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 15:15, 26 favrer 2020 (CET)
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== Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]]

The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]].  The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.  This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. 

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]]

The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now.  This early version can sign and indent comments automatically.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].&lt;/strong&gt;  

*On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias:  [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]].  If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]].
*The team is planning some upcoming changes.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.&lt;/strong&gt;  The team will test features such as:
**an easy way to mention another editor (&quot;pinging&quot;), 
**a rich-text visual editing option, and 
**other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors.  

To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Get involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]].

– [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 21:25, 8 avrigl 2020 (CEST)
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== Editing news 2020 #2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar.  [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]]

This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|&lt;strong&gt;Reply tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias).  The Beta Feature is called &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot;.  The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon.  The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt;. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now.  Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|&lt;strong&gt;New requirements for user signatures&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable.  Most editors will not be affected.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|&lt;strong&gt;New discussion tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions.   You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|&lt;strong&gt;Research on the use of talk pages&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles.  We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. 

– [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 22:33, 17 zercladur 2020 (CEST)
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== Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos ==

[[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]]
This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020.

The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign.

With kind regards,

Thank you,

Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 10:24, 1 fanadur 2020 (CEST)

''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community''
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== Feedback on movement names ==

{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented.

Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. 

Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki.

Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], 21:42, 2 fanadur 2020 (CEST)

''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].''
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== Editing news 2020 #3 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=A gold star with a blue ribbon, and the text 50m|More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.|400px]]

Seven years ago this month, the [[mw:Editing team|Editing team]] offered the visual editor to most Wikipedia editors.  Since then, editors have achieved many milestones:

* More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.
* More than &lt;strong&gt;2 million new articles&lt;/strong&gt; have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019.
* The visual editor is &lt;strong&gt;increasingly popular&lt;/strong&gt;.  The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction.
* In 2019, &lt;strong&gt;35% of the edits by newcomers&lt;/strong&gt; (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has &lt;strong&gt;increased every year&lt;/strong&gt;.
* Almost &lt;strong&gt;5 million edits on the mobile site&lt;/strong&gt; have been made with the visual editor.  Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018.
* On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 &lt;strong&gt;first edit from outer space&lt;/strong&gt;] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀
* Editors have made more than &lt;strong&gt;7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor&lt;/strong&gt;, including starting &lt;strong&gt;600,000 new articles&lt;/strong&gt; in it.  The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode.  You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]].

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])

&lt;/div&gt; 14:55, 9 fanadur 2020 (CEST)
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== Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hi all,

It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new.

This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 &lt;ref&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]&lt;/ref&gt; after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world.

The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language.

As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation &lt;ref&gt;[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams.

It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project.

We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions.

There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list &lt;ref&gt;[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path.

Yours,

Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) 

&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 22:10, 9 fanadur 2020 (CEST) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' &lt;/small&gt;
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== Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. 
How does it work? 

Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link &quot;Move file to Wikimedia Commons&quot; on the local file page. 

Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. 

Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. 

If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: &lt;/div&gt;[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 11:14, 6 avust 2020 (CEST)
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== Important: maintenance operation on September 1st ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|{{int:please-translate}}]]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data centre on '''Tuesday, September 1st 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, September 1st. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday September 2).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' 
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:48, 26 avust 2020 (CEST)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Now Available (September 2020) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/101/ Al Manhal]''' – Arabic journals and ebooks
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/102/ Ancestry.com]''' – Genealogical and historical records
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/100/ RILM]''' – Music encyclopedias

Many other partnerships are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/49/ Adam Matthew], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR].

A significant portion of our collection now no longer requires individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ recent blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 11:49, 3 Settember 2020 (CEST)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Invitation to participate in the conversation ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020.

The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved?

Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. 

To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages.

To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta.

Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], 19:55, 10 Settember 2020 (CEST) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Wiki of functions naming contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations.

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 23:22, 29 Settember 2020 (CEST)
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== Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) 19:17, 7 october 2020 (CEST)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Important: maintenance operation on October 27 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; -- &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;  19:11, 21 october 2020 (CEST)
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== Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}.
Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 23:10, 5 november 2020 (CET)
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== Sondaggio 2021 dei desideri della comunità ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
Inizia il '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|sondaggio 2021 dei desideri della comunità]]'''!
Il sondaggio serve alla comunità per decidere su che cosa il [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] debba lavorare il prossimo anno. Incoraggiamo chiunque ad avanzare proposte entro la scadenza del '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''' e a commentare le proposte altrui per aiutare a migliorarle. Le comunità voteranno le proposte tra l'{{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} e il {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}.

Il Community Tech team presta particolare attenzione agli strumenti destinati agli editori di Wikimedia con più esperienza. Puoi avanzare proposte scrivendo in qualsiasi lingua. Ci penseremo poi noi a tradurle per te. Grazie, non vediamo l'ora di leggere le tue proposte!

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt; 05:46, 20 november 2020 (CET)
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== Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!''

As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article.

Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki.

This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond.

Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015.

If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks!

[[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 15:39, 30 november 2020 (CET)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello all,

The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools!

You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 11:55, 7 december 2020 (CET)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Sondaggio 2021 sui desideri della comunità ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;it&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
'''Tutti gli utenti registrati sono invitati a votare nel [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|sondaggio 2021 sui desideri della comunità]]. Puoi votare da adesso fino {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|it}} per tutti i vari desideri che preferisci.'''

Nel sondaggio vengono raccolti i desideri sui nuovi strumenti o sui miglioramenti di strumenti già esistenti per i contributori esperti. Dopo la votazione faremo del nostro meglio per esaudire i tuoi desideri. Inizieremo con quelli più popolari.

Noi, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], siamo uno dei team della [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. Creiamo e miglioriamo gli strumenti di modifica e moderazione dei progetti wiki. Ciò su cui lavoriamo viene deciso in base ai risultati del sondaggio sui desideri della comunità. Puoi inviare i desideri una volta l'anno. Dopo due settimane puoi votare quelli che ti interessano di più. Successivamente sceglieremo dal sondaggio i desideri su cui lavorare. Alcuni desideri possono essere gestiti da sviluppatori volontari o da altri team.

Aspettiamo il tuo voto. Grazie!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]

16:21, 11 december 2020 (CET)
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== Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]]

''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

[[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning
process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. 

''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', 16:16, 27 schaner 2021 (CET) 
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Project Grant Open Call ==

This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.&lt;br&gt; This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.&lt;br&gt;

For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building.  We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:&lt;br&gt;

* Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal:
* [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application&lt;br&gt;
* General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants &lt;br&gt;
* [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]&lt;br&gt;

Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.&lt;br&gt;

We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!&lt;br&gt;

Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 09:01, 28 schaner 2021 (CET)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now (February 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up to access research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/103/ Taxmann]''' – Taxation and law database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/104/ PNAS]''' – Official journal of the National Academy of Sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO]''' – New Arabic and Spanish language databases added

We have a wide array of [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ other collections available], and a significant number now no longer require individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
--13:57, 1 favrer 2021 (CET)
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== Feminism &amp; Folklore 1 February - 31 March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! 

You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. 

You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. 

Feminism and Folklore team,

[[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) 03:40, 16 favrer 2021 (CET)

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== Technical maintenance planed‬ ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''A maintenance operation will be performed tomorrow morning UTC time (Wednesday 17th at 07:00 AM UTC).'''

It will impact all wikis and is supposed to last up to one minute.

During this time, new translations may fail, and Notifications may not be delivered. For more details about the operation and on all impacted services, please check [[phab:T273762|on Phabricator]].

A banner will be displayed 30 minutes before the operation.

Thank you, [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 18:45, 16 favrer 2021 (CET)
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== Wikifunctions logo contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 02:47, 2 mars 2021 (CET)
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== Universal Code of Conduct – 2021 consultations ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 ===

{{int:please-translate}}

The [[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] provides a universal baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire Wikimedia movement and all its projects. The project is currently in Phase 2, outlining clear enforcement pathways. You can read more about the whole project on its [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''project page''']].

==== Drafting Committee: Call for applications ====

The Wikimedia Foundation is recruiting volunteers to join a committee to draft how to make the code enforceable. Volunteers on the committee will commit between 2 and 6 hours per week from late April through July and again in October and November. It is important that the committee be diverse and inclusive, and have a range of experiences, including both experienced users and newcomers, and those who have received or responded to, as well as those who have been falsely accused of harassment.

To apply and learn more about the process, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee]].

==== 2021 community consultations: Notice and call for volunteers / translators ====

From 5 April – 5 May 2021 there will be conversations on many Wikimedia projects about how to enforce the UCoC. We are looking for volunteers to translate key material, as well as to help host consultations on their own languages or projects using suggested [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. If you are interested in volunteering for either of these roles, please [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] in whatever language you are most comfortable.

To learn more about this work and other conversations taking place, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations]].

-- [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Xeno (WMF)|talk]]) 00:06, 6 avrigl 2021 (CEST)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Line numbering coming soon to all wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

[[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]]
From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. 

More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 17:09, 12 avrigl 2021 (CEST)
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== Suggested Values ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones.

More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]].

&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] 16:08, 22 avrigl 2021 (CEST)
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== Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 ==

&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 1, June 2021'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC.

Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]].

You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;
* '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]])
* '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]])
* '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]])
* '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]])
* '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:06, 12 zercladur 2021 (CEST)
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== Wikimania 2021: Individual Program Submissions ==

[[File:Wikimania logo with text 2.svg|right|200px]]
Dear all,

Wikimania 2021 will be [[:wikimania:2021:Save the date and the Core Organizing Team|hosted virtually]] for the first time in the event's 15-year history. Since there is no in-person host, the event is being organized by a diverse group of Wikimedia volunteers that form the [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers|Core Organizing Team]] (COT) for Wikimania 2021.

'''Event Program''' - Individuals or a group of individuals can submit their session proposals to be a part of the program. There will be translation support for sessions provided in a number of languages. See more information [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines#Language Accessibility|here]].

Below are some links to guide you through;
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions|Program Submissions]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines|Session Submission Guidelines]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:FAQ|FAQ]]

Please note that the deadline for submission is 18th June 2021. 

'''Announcements'''- To keep up to date with the developments around Wikimania, the COT sends out weekly updates. You can view them in the Announcement section [[:wikimania:2021:Announcements|here]]. 

'''Office Hour''' - If you are left with questions, the COT will be hosting some office hours (in multiple languages), in multiple time-zones, to answer any programming questions that you might have.  Details can be found [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers#Office hours schedule|here.]]

Best regards,

[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:18, 16 zercladur 2021 (CEST)

On behalf of Wikimania 2021 Core Organizing Team
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== Editing news 2021 #2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=Junior contributors comment completion rate across all participating Wikipedias|thumb|296x296px|When newcomers had the Reply tool and tried to post on a talk page, they were more successful at posting a comment. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])]]

Earlier this year, the Editing team ran a large study of [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply Tool]].  The main goal was to find out whether the Reply Tool helped [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary|newer editors]] communicate on wiki.  The second goal was to see whether the comments that newer editors made using the tool needed to be reverted more frequently than comments newer editors made with the existing wikitext page editor.

The key results were:

* Newer editors who had automatic (&quot;default on&quot;) access to the Reply tool were [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ more likely] to post a comment on a talk page.
* The comments that newer editors made with the Reply Tool were also [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ less likely] to be reverted than the comments that newer editors made with page editing.

These results give the Editing team confidence that the tool is helpful.

&lt;strong&gt;Looking ahead&lt;/strong&gt;

The team is planning to make the Reply tool available to everyone as an opt-out preference in the coming months.  This has already happened at the Arabic, Czech, and Hungarian Wikipedias.

The next step is to [[phab:T280599|resolve a technical challenge]]. Then, they will deploy the Reply tool first to the [[phab:T267379|Wikipedias that participated in the study]].  After that, they will deploy it, in stages, to the other Wikipedias and all WMF-hosted wikis.

You can turn on &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|in Beta Features]] now.  After you get the Reply tool, you can change your preferences at any time in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].

–[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 16:14, 24 zercladur 2021 (CEST)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. &lt;!--

 They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --&gt;

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST,  23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of June 28.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 03:19, 27 zercladur 2021 (CEST)
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== New Wikipedia Library collections and design update (August 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says log in today!]]
[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/ The Wikipedia Library] is pleased to announce the addition of new collections, alongside a new interface design. New collections include:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/107/ Cabells]''' – Scholarly and predatory journal database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/108/ Taaghche]''' -  Persian language e-books
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/112/ Merkur]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/111/ Musik &amp; Ästhetik]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/110/ Psychologie, Psychotherapie, Psychoanalyse]''' - German language magazines and journals published by Klett-Cotta
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/117/ Art Archiv]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/113/ Capital]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/115/ Geo]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/116/ Geo Epoche]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/114/ Stern]''' - German language newspapers and magazines published by Gruner + Jahr

Additionally, '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/105/ De Gruyter]''' and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/106/ Nomos]''' have been centralised from their previous on-wiki signup location on the German Wikipedia. Many other collections are freely available by simply logging in to [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ The Wikipedia Library] with your Wikimedia login!

We are also excited to announce that the first version of a new design for My Library was deployed this week. We will be iterating on this design with more features over the coming weeks. Read more on the [[:m:Library Card platform/Design improvements|project page on Meta]].

Lastly, an Echo notification will begin rolling out soon to notify eligible editors about the library ([[Phab:T132084|T132084]]). If you can translate the notification please do so [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-thewikipedialibrary at TranslateWiki]!

--The Wikipedia Library Team 15:23, 11 avust 2021 (CEST)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello everyone,

We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well.

Summary:

&lt;div style=&quot;font-style:italic;&quot;&gt;
We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]].
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year ===

In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published.

However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]].

We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist.

=== Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities ===

We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes.

=== A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet ===

We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe.

We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon!

=== Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase ===

If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes!

=== Feedback ===
* What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages?
* How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]]
* What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022?
* What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022?

Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings.
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 02:23, 7 Settember 2021 (CEST)
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== Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021.

The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation.

English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months.

We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]:

* Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) 
* Are ready to find compromises. 
* Focus on inclusion and diversity. 
* Have knowledge of community consultations. 
* Have intercultural communication experience. 
* Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. 
* Have experience negotiating with different parties. 

The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place.

Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:02, 10 Settember 2021 (CEST)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 02:45, 11 Settember 2021 (CEST)
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== Talk to the Community Tech ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]]

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

Hello!

As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join'''].

'''Agenda'''

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022
* Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes
* Questions and answers

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting.

'''Invitation link'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online]
* Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390
* One tap mobile
** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York)
** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose)
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location]

See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 05:03, 11 Settember 2021 (CEST)
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== Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter ==

Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[Utilisader:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Dušan Kreheľ|talk]]) 04:43, 30 Settember 2021 (CEST)

== Discutiamo dei miglioramenti all'interfaccia desktop ==

[[File:Annotated Wikipedia Vector interface (logged-out).png|thumb]]
Ciao!

Hai notato che alcuni wiki hanno un'[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|interfaccia desktop diversa]]? Non sei curioso di sapere che piani abbiamo al riguardo? Magari hai domande o idee sul design o su questioni tecniche?

Partecipa a una riunione online col team che sta lavorando a questi miglioramenti! La riunione si terrà il [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20211012T1600 12 ottobre alle 16:00 UTC] su Zoom e durerà un'ora. '''[https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82936701376 Clicca qui per partecipare]'''.

'''Programma'''
* Aggiornamenti sugli ultimi sviluppi
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|Header fisso]] - presentazione della versione demo
* Domande e risposte, discussione
'''Formato'''

La riunione non sarà registrata né trasmessa in streaming. Le note saranno prese in un [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G4tfss-JBVxyZMxGlOj5MCBhOO-0sLekquFoa2XiQb8/edit# file di Google Docs]. La parte introduttiva (primi due punti del programma) si terrà in inglese.

Saremo in grado di rispondere a domande in inglese, francese, polacco e spagnolo. Se vuoi fare domande in anticipo, scrivile nella [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|pagina di discussione]] o inviale a sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

L'host della riunione sarà [[user:OVasileva (WMF)|Olga Vasileva]] (manager del team).

'''Link di invito'''
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82936701376 Partecipa online]
* ID dell'incontro: 829 3670 1376
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kB5WUc7yZ Numero d'accesso a seconda del tuo Paese]
Speriamo che parteciperai! [[user:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|msg]]) 22:26, 5 october 2021 (CEST)
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== Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021|{{int:otherlanguages}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open. In total, 70 Wikimedians from around the world are running for 7 seats in these elections.

'''Voting is open from October 12 to October 24, 2021.'''

The committee will consist of 15 members in total: The online communities vote for 7 members, 6 members will be selected by the Wikimedia affiliates through a parallel process, and 2 members will be appointed by the Wikimedia Foundation. The plan is to assemble the committee by November 1, 2021.

Learn about each candidate to inform your vote in the language that you prefer: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates&gt;

Learn about the Drafting Committee: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee&gt;

We are piloting a voting advice application for this election. Click yourself through the tool and you will see which candidate is closest to you! Check at &lt;https://mcdc-election-compass.toolforge.org/&gt;

Read the full announcement: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

'''Go vote at SecurePoll on:''' &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

Best,

Movement Strategy &amp; Governance Team, Wikimedia Foundation
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 04:25, 14 october 2021 (CEST)
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== Coolest Tool Award 2021: Call for nominations ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Coolest Tool Award 2021 square_logo.svg|thumb|193x193px]]
The third edition of the [[m:Coolest Tool Award]] is looking for nominations!

Tools play an essential role for the Wikimedia projects, and so do the many volunteer developers who experiment with new ideas and develop and maintain local and global solutions to support the Wikimedia communities. The Coolest Tool Award aims to recognize and celebrate the coolest tools in a variety of categories.

The awarded projects will be announced and showcased in a virtual ceremony in December. Deadline to submit nominations is October 27. More information: [[m:Coolest Tool Award]]. Thanks for your recommendations! -- [[User:SSethi (WMF)|SSethi (WMF)]] for the  [[m:Coolest Tool Award#Coolest Tool Award 2021|2021 Coolest Tool Academy team]] 07:56, 19 october 2021 (CEST)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Vieni a parlare col Community Tech team ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|100px|right]]
Buongiorno!

Noi che organizziamo il [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|sondaggio sui desideri della comunità]] vorremmo invitarti a una riunione online. Si terrà [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20211027T1430 '''{{#time:l|2021-10-27}} {{#time:j xg|2021-10-27}} alle {{#time:H:i e|14:30|it|1}}'''] su Zoom e durerà un'ora. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83847343544 '''Clicca qui per partecipare'''].

'''Programma'''

* Diventa ambasciatore del sondaggio sui desideri della comunità. Aiutaci a diffondere notizie sul tuo wiki.
* Aggiornamenti sui desideri relativi a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguazioni]] e [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|anteprime in tempo reale]]
* Domande e risposte

'''Formato'''

La riunione non sarà registrata né trasmessa in streaming. Le note che prenderemo saranno pubblicate senza attribuzione su Meta-Wiki. La presentazione (tutti i punti del programma eccetto la parte delle domande e risposte) si terrà in inglese.

Saremo in grado di rispondere a domande in '''italiano''', inglese, francese, polacco, spagnolo e tedesco. Se vuoi fare domande in anticipo, scrivile [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|sulla pagina di discussione del sondaggio sui desideri della comunità]] o inviale a sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

L'host della riunione sarà [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (manager del [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech team]]).

'''Link di invito'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83847343544 Partecipa online]
* ID dell'incontro: &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;83847343544&lt;/span&gt;
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kwDbq4box Numero d'accesso a seconda del tuo Paese]
Speriamo che parteciperai! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 14:41, 25 october 2021 (CEST)
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== Learn how Movement Strategy Implementation Grants can support your Movement Strategy plans ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy Implementation grants now provide more than $2,000 USD to put Movement Strategy plans into action. Find out more about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation grants, the criteria, and how to apply]].&lt;section end=&quot;annoumcent-content&quot;/&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)#top|talk]]) 13:30, 29 October 2021 (UTC)
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== Meet the new Movement Charter Drafting Committee members ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
The Movement Charter Drafting Committee election and selection processes are complete.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|election results have been published]]. 1018 participants voted to elect seven members to the committee: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|affiliate process]] has selected six members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''.
* The Wikimedia Foundation has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|appointed]] two members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''.

The committee will convene soon to start its work. The committee can appoint up to three more members to bridge diversity and expertise gaps.

If you are interested in engaging with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] drafting process, follow the updates [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|on Meta]] and join the [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf Telegram group].

With thanks from the Movement Strategy and Governance team&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;

16:53, 5 november 2021 (CET)
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== Il futuro del sondaggio sui desideri della comunità ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|100px|right]]
{{int:Hello}}

Noi che organizziamo il [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|sondaggio sui desideri della comunità]] vorremmo invitarti a una riunione online. Si terrà [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20211130T1700 '''{{#time:l|2021-11-30}} {{#time:j xg|2021-11-30}} alle {{#time:H:i e|17:00|it|1}}'''] su Zoom e durerà un'ora. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82035401393 '''Clicca qui per partecipare'''].

'''Programma'''

* Modifiche al sondaggio sui desideri della comunità 2022. Aiutaci a decidere.
* Diventa ambasciatore del sondaggio sui desideri della comunità. Aiutaci a diffondere notizie sul tuo wiki.
* Domande e risposte

'''Formato'''

La riunione non sarà registrata né trasmessa in streaming. Le note che prenderemo saranno pubblicate senza attribuzione su Meta-Wiki. La presentazione (tutti i punti del programma eccetto la parte delle domande e risposte) si terrà in inglese.

Saremo in grado di rispondere a domande in italiano, inglese, francese, polacco, spagnolo e tedesco. Se vuoi fare domande in anticipo, scrivile [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|sulla pagina di discussione del sondaggio sui desideri della comunità]] o inviale a sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

L'host della riunione sarà [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (manager del [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech team]]).

'''Link di invito'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82035401393 Partecipa online]
* ID dell'incontro: &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;82035401393&lt;/span&gt;
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/keu6UeRT0T Numero d'accesso a seconda del tuo Paese]
Speriamo che parteciperai! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|msg]]) 21:17, 26 november 2021 (CET)
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== Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content /&gt;
:''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees is preparing a call for feedback about the upcoming Board Elections, from January 7 - February 10, 2022.

While details will be finalized the week before the call, we have confirmed at least two questions that will be asked during this call for feedback:

* What is the best way to ensure fair representation of emerging communities among the Board?

* What involvement should candidates have during the election?

While additional questions may be added, the Movement Strategy and Governance team wants to provide time for community members and affiliates to consider and prepare ideas on the confirmed questions before the call opens. We apologize for not having a complete list of questions at this time. The list of questions should only grow by one or two questions. The intention is to not overwhelm the community with requests, but provide notice and welcome feedback on these important questions.

'''Do you want to help organize local conversation during this Call?'''

Contact the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] on Meta, on [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], or via email at msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org.

Reach out if you have any questions or concerns. The Movement Strategy and Governance team will be minimally staffed until January 3. Please excuse any delayed response during this time. We also recognize some community members and affiliates are offline during the December holidays. We apologize if our message has reached you while you are on holiday.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:thank-you}} [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 18:56, 27 december 2021 (CET)
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== Community Wishlist Survey 2022 is coming. Help us! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] starts in less than two weeks ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220110T1800 Monday 10 January 2022, 18:00 UTC]). We, the team organizing the Survey, need your help.

{| width=80% style=&quot;text-align:center; margin:auto;&quot; class=plainlinks
|- valign=top
|width=50%| '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=agg-Community_Wishlist_Survey&amp;action=page&amp;filter= &lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot;&gt;Translate important messages&lt;/span&gt;]'''
| [[Community Wishlist Survey/Help us|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&gt;Promote the Survey&lt;/span&gt;]]

Among anyone and everyone you know who has an account on wiki.

Promote the Survey on social media, via instant messaging apps, in other groups and chats, in your WikiProject, Wikimedia affiliate - wherever contributors with registered accounts may be.
|}

'''Only you can make the difference'''

How many people will hear and read about the Survey in their language? How many will decide to participate? Will there be enough of you to vote for a change you would like to see? It all depends on you, volunteers.

'''Why are we asking?'''

* [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/FAQ|We have improved the documentation]]. It's friendlier and easier to use. This will mean little if it's only in English.
* Thousands of volunteers haven't participated in the Survey yet. We'd like to improve that, too. Three years ago, 1387 people participated. Last year, there were 1773 of them. We hope that in the upcoming edition, there will be even more. You are better than us in contacting Wikimedians outside of wikis. We have prepared some images to share. More to come.

'''What is the Community Wishlist Survey?'''
[[File:Community Wishlist Survey banner - translatable.svg|350px|thumb]]
It's an annual survey that allows contributors to the Wikimedia projects to propose and vote for tools and platform improvements. Long years of experience in editing or technical skills are not required.

Thanks, and be safe and successful in 2022! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 04:15, 29 december 2021 (CET)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Sondaggio 2022 sui desideri della comunità ==

[[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|right|200px]]
Inizia il '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|sondaggio 2022 sui desideri della comunità]]'''!

Il sondaggio serve alla comunità per decidere su che cosa il [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech team]] debba lavorare il prossimo anno. Incoraggiamo chiunque ad avanzare proposte entro la scadenza del '''23 gennaio''' e a commentare le proposte altrui per aiutare a migliorarle.

Le comunità voteranno le proposte tra l'28 gennaio e il 11 febbraio.

Il Community Tech team presta particolare attenzione agli strumenti destinati ai contributori di Wikimedia con più esperienza. Puoi avanzare proposte scrivendo in qualsiasi lingua. Ci penseremo poi noi a tradurle per te. Grazie, non vediamo l'ora di leggere le tue proposte! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 19:25, 10 schaner 2022 (CET)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ==

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Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]].

You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... 

Thank you.

'''Feminism and Folklore Team''',

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]
--06:49, 11 schaner 2022 (CET)
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== Save the Date: Coolest Tool Award 2021: this Friday, 17:00 UTC ==

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Hello all,

The ceremony of the 2021 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1642179615 Friday 14 January 2022, 17:00 UTC]. 

This award is highlighting software tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects. The ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to our tool developers and maybe discover new tools!

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Read more about the livestream and the discussion channels.]]

Thanks for joining! [[m:User:AKlapper (WMF)|andre]] ([[m:User talk:AKlapper (WMF)|talk]])
-08:02, 6 January 2022 (UTC)
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== Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Call for Feedback: Board of Trustees elections is now open and will close on 7 February 2022. 

With this Call for Feedback, the Movement Strategy and Governance team is taking a different approach. This approach incorporates community feedback from 2021. Instead of leading with proposals, the Call is framed around key questions from the Board of Trustees. The key questions came from the feedback about the 2021 Board of Trustees election. The intention is to inspire collective conversation and collaborative proposal development about these key questions.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|Join the conversation.]]

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:04, 15 schaner 2022 (CET)
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== Vieni a parlare col Community Tech team ==

[[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|150px|right]]
{{int:Hello}}

Noi che organizziamo il [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|sondaggio sui desideri della comunità]] vorremmo invitarti a una riunione online. Si terrà [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220119T1800 '''{{#time:l|2022-01-19}} {{#time:j xg|2022-01-19}} alle {{#time:H:i e|18:00|it|1}}'''] su Zoom e durerà un'ora. Questo sistema esterno non è soggetto alle [[foundation:Privacy_policy|Privacy Policy della WikiMedia Foundation]]. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/85804347114 '''Clicca qui per partecipare'''].

'''Programma'''

* Esponi le idee di base delle tue proposte e parla con un membro del Community Tech Team per sapere come migliorare la proposta

'''Formato'''

La riunione non sarà registrata né trasmessa in streaming. Le note che prenderemo saranno pubblicate senza attribuzione su Meta-Wiki. La presentazione (tutti i punti del programma eccetto la parte delle domande e risposte) si terrà in inglese.

Saremo in grado di rispondere a domande in inglese, francese, polacco, spagnolo e tedesco. Se vuoi fare domande in anticipo, scrivile [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|sulla pagina di discussione del sondaggio sui desideri della comunità]] o inviale a sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

L'host della riunione sarà [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (manager del [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech team]]).

'''Link di invito'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/85804347114 Partecipa online]
* ID dell'incontro: &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;85804347114&lt;/span&gt;
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/keu6UeRT0T Numero d'accesso a seconda del tuo Paese]
Speriamo che parteciperai! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 02:16, 18 schaner 2022 (CET)
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== Last two days for submitting proposals ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|150px|right]]
'''Tomorrow is the last day''' for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Proposals|submitting proposals for the Community Wishlist Survey 2022]].

Also, everyone is welcome to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Help us|translate, promote]], and discuss proposals. [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 15:45, 22 schaner 2022 (CET)
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== Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 5 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 5, January 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the fifth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News (formerly known as Universal Code of Conduct News)! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly or bi-weekly to subscribers. Please remember to subscribe [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive these updates.
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Call for Feedback about the Board elections''' - We invite you to give your feedback on the upcoming WMF Board of Trustees election. This call for feedback went live on 10th January 2022 and will be concluded on 16th February 2022. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Call for Feedback about the Board elections|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification''' - In 2021, the WMF asked communities about how to enforce the Universal Code of Conduct policy text. The revised draft of the enforcement guidelines should be ready for community vote in March. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Universal Code of Conduct Ratification|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Implementation Grants''' - As we continue to review several interesting proposals, we encourage and welcome more proposals and ideas that target a specific initiative from the Movement Strategy recommendations. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Movement Strategy Implementation Grants|continue reading]])
*'''The New Direction for the Newsletter''' - As the UCoC Newsletter transitions into MSG Newsletter, join the facilitation team in envisioning and deciding on the new directions for this newsletter. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#The New Direction for the Newsletter|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about MSG on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 04:28, 29 schaner 2022 (CET)
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== Updates on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines Review ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees released a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/January 2022 - Board of Trustees on Community ratification of enforcement guidelines of UCoC|statement on the ratification process]] for the '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]]'''.

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The UCoC and the Enforcement Guidelines were written by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|volunteer-staff drafting committees]] following community consultations.

The revised guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. There is a [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Changes|list of changes made]] to the guidelines after the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines review]]. '''Comments about the guidelines can be shared [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on the Enforcement Guidelines talk page on Meta-wiki]].'''

To help to understand the guidelines and process, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team will be hosting Conversation Hours on 4 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC, 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC, and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Conversations|Join the conversation hours to speak with the UCoC project team and drafting committee members about the updated guidelines and voting process]].'''

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Project#Timeline|timeline is available on Meta-wiki]]. The voting period is March 7 to 21. All eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the Enforcement guidelines, and share why. '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|See the voting information page for more details]].'''

Many participants from across the movement have provided valuable input in these ongoing conversations. The UCoC and MSG teams want to thank the Drafting Committee and the community members for their contributions to this process. 

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br/&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 04:55, 4 favrer 2022 (CET)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Task Force: Your feedback is appreciated&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Community Development team at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting the creation of a global, community-driven Leadership Development Task Force. The purpose of the task force is to advise leadership development work.

The team is looking for feedback about the responsibilities of the Leadership Development Task Force. This Meta page shares the proposal for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force|Leadership Development Task Force]] and how [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Participate|you can help.]] Feedback on the proposal will be collected from 7 to 25 February 2022.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:35, 9 favrer 2022 (CET)
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== Rollout of the new audio and video player ==

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{{int:please-translate}}

Hello,

Over the next months we will gradually change the audio and video player of Wikis from Kultura to Video.js and with that, the old player won’t be accessible anymore. The new player has been active as a beta feature since May 2017.

The new player has many advantages, including better design, consistent look with the rest of our interface, better compatibility with browsers, ability to work on mobile which means our multimedia will be properly accessible on iPhone, better accessibility and many more.

The old player has been unmaintained for eight years now and is home-brewn (unlike the new player which is a widely used open source project) and uses deprecated and abandoned frameworks such as jQuery UI. Removing the old player’s code also improves performance of the Wikis for anyone visiting any page (by significantly reducing complexity of the dependency graph of our ResourceLoader modules. See [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/175/wikipedia_s_javascript_initialisation_on_a_budget/ this blog post.]). The old player has many open bugs that we will be able to close as resolved after this migration.

The new player will solve a lot of old and outstanding issues but also it will have its own bugs. All important ones have been fixed but there will be some small ones to tackle in the future and after the rollout.

What we are asking now is to turn on the beta feature for the new player and let us know about any issues. 

You can track the work in [[phab:T100106|T100106]]

Thank you, [[User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] 18:59, 17 favrer 2022 (CET)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March ==

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[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team,

We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc.

We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language.

Best wishes,

'''International Team'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Folklore'''

[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:50, 22 favrer 2022 (CET)
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== Coming soon ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Several improvements around templates ===
Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki:
* Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]),
* Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]),
* and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right).

All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. &lt;/div&gt; - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 13:38, 28 favrer 2022 (CET)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Remember to Participate in the UCoC Conversations and Ratification Vote!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|'''vote in SecurePoll from 7 to 21 March 2022''']] is scheduled as part of the ratification process for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement guidelines. Eligible voters are invited to answer a poll question and share comments. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|Read voter information and eligibility details.]] During the poll, voters will be asked if they support the enforcement of the Universal Code of Conduct based on the proposed guidelines.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/January_2022_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Community_ratification_of_enforcement_guidelines_of_UCoC|Wikimedia Foundation Board statement]] calls for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|ratification process]] where eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the UCoC Enforcement guidelines in a vote. Wikimedians are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information/Volunteer|translate and share important information]]. For more information about the UCoC, please see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|project page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|frequently asked questions]] on Meta-wiki.

There are events scheduled to learn more and discuss:
* A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations/Panel_Q&amp;A|community panel]] recorded on 18 February 2022 shares perspectives from small- and medium-sized community participants.
* The [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team is hosting Conversation Hours on 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations|'''sign-up''']] to interact with the project team and the drafting committee about the updated enforcement guidelines and the ratification process. See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2022_conversation_hour_summaries|Conversation Hour summaries]] for notes from 4 February 2022 and 25 February 2022.

You can comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact either team by email: msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org or ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance &lt;br /&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation &lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:17, 2 mars 2022 (CET)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting open from 7 to 21 March 2022&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].

The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|read more about the UCoC project]].

You can also comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact the team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance

Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:52, 8 mars 2022 (CET)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Invitation to Hubs event: Global Conversation on 2022-03-12 at 13:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;Hello! 

The Movement Strategy and Governance team of the Wikimedia Foundation would like to invite you to the next event about &quot;Regional and Thematic Hubs&quot;. The Wikimedia Movement is in the process of understanding what Regional and Thematic Hubs should be. Our workshop in November was a good start ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/27 November Workshop|read the report]]), but we're not finished yet. 

Over the last weeks we conducted about 16 interviews with groups working on establishing a Hub in their context ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Dialogue|see Hubs Dialogue]]). These interviews informed a report that will serve as a foundation for discussion on March 12. The report is planned to be published on March 9.

The event will take place on March 12, 13:00 to 16:00 UTC on Zoom. Interpretation will be provided in French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, and Portuguese. Registration is open, and will close on March 10. Anyone interested in the topic is invited to join us. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022|More information on the event on Meta-wiki]]'''.

Best regards,

[[m:User:KVaidla (WMF)|Kaarel Vaidla]]&lt;br /&gt;Movement Strategy
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

02:31, 10 mars 2022 (CET)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow ==

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. 

([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram])

The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]]

A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on  [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]].

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:40, 14 mars 2022 (CET)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Working Group: Apply to join! (14 March to 10 April 2022)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the feedback period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|Leadership Development Working Group]] initiative. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|summary of the feedback]] can be found on Meta-wiki. This feedback will be shared with the working group to inform their work. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and will close on April 10, 2022. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Purpose_and_Structure#3._How_is_the_working_group_formed_and_structured?|review the information about the working group]], share with community members who might be interested, and '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Participate#1._How_to_participate|apply if you are interested]]'''.

Thank you,

From the Community Development team&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:20, 18 mars 2022 (CET)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]]
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on &lt;b&gt;31 March 2022 11:59 UTC&lt;/b&gt;. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as &lt;i&gt;folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more&lt;/i&gt;

Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. 

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:29, 26 mars 2022 (CET)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting is now closed&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Greetings,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) came to a close on 21 March 2022. Over {{#expr:2300}} Wikimedians voted across different regions of our movement. Thank you to everyone who participated in this process! The scrutinizing group is now reviewing the vote for accuracy, so please allow up to two weeks for them to finish their work.

The final results from the voting process will be announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|here]], along with the relevant statistics and a summary of comments as soon as they are available. Please check out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|the voter information page]] to learn about the next steps. You can comment on the project talk page [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on Meta-wiki]] in any language. You may also contact the UCoC project team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Best regards,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:53, 30 mars 2022 (CEST)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 6&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 6, April 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----

Welcome to the sixth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board of trustees elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while the more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Leadership Development -''' A Working Group is Forming! - The application to join the Leadership Development Working Group closed on April 10th, 2022, and up to 12 community members will be selected to participate in the working group. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A1|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification Results are out! -''' The global decision process on the enforcement of the UCoC via SecurePoll was held from 7 to 21 March. Over 2,300 eligible voters from at least 128 different home projects submitted their opinions and comments. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A2|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Discussions on Hubs -''' The Global Conversation event on Regional and Thematic Hubs was held on Saturday, March 12, and was attended by 84 diverse Wikimedians from across the movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A3|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Grants Remain Open! -''' Since the start of the year, six proposals with a total value of about $80,000 USD have been approved. Do you have a movement strategy project idea? Reach out to us! ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A4|continue reading]])
*'''The Movement Charter Drafting Committee is All Set! -''' The Committee of fifteen members which was elected in October 2021, has agreed on the essential values and methods for its work, and has started to create the outline of the Movement Charter draft. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A5|continue reading]])
*'''Introducing Movement Strategy Weekly -''' Contribute and Subscribe! - The MSG team have just launched the updates portal, which is connected to the various Movement Strategy pages on Meta-wiki. Subscriber to get  up-to-date news about the various ongoing projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A6|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs -''' Check out the most recent publications about Movement Strategy on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A7|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Also, a draft of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft|'''2022-23 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan''']] has been published. Input is being sought on-wiki and during [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations|'''several conversations''' with Wikimedia Foundation CEO Maryana Iskander]].

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|See full announcement on Meta-wiki]]. [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:45, 22 avrigl 2022 (CEST)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research

Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more.

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today!
&lt;br&gt;--The Wikipedia Library Team 15:17, 26 avrigl 2022 (CEST)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Discutiamo dei miglioramenti all'interfaccia desktop ==

[[File:New table of contents shown on English wikipedia.png|thumb]]
Ciao!

Hai notato che alcuni wiki hanno un'[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|interfaccia desktop diversa]]? Non sei curioso di sapere che piani abbiamo al riguardo? Magari hai domande o idee sul design o su questioni tecniche?

Partecipa a una riunione online col team che sta lavorando a questi miglioramenti! La riunione si terrà il '''29 aprile 2022 alle 15:00 e 20:00 CEST''' su Zoom. '''[https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/88045453898 Clicca qui per partecipare]'''. ID dell'incontro: 88045453898. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kcOMICmyyA Numero d'accesso a seconda del tuo Paese].

'''Programma'''

* Aggiornamenti sugli ultimi sviluppi
* Domande e risposte, discussione

'''Formato'''

La riunione non sarà registrata né trasmessa in streaming. Le note saranno prese in un [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G4tfss-JBVxyZMxGlOj5MCBhOO-0sLekquFoa2XiQb8/edit# file di Google Docs]. L'host della riunione sarà [[mw:User:OVasileva_(WMF)|Olga Vasileva]] (manager del team). La parte introduttiva (primi due punti del programma) si terrà in inglese.

Saremo in grado di rispondere a domande in italiano, francese (solamente alle 20:00 CEST), inglese e polacco (entrambe le riunioni).  Se vuoi fare domande in anticipo, scrivile nella [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|pagina di discussione]] o inviale a sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

A questo incontro si applicano sia [[foundation:Friendly_space_policy|Politica per gli spazi amichevoli]] che il [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Code_of_Conduct|Codice di condotta]] per gli spazi tecnici di Wikimedia. Zoom non è soggetto alla [[foundation:Privacy_policy|Informativa sulla privacy di WMF]].

Speriamo che parteciperai! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|msg]]) 15:44, 27 avrigl 2022 (CEST)
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== Coming soon: Improvements for templates ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--T:11--&gt;
[[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]]
Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon:

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': 
This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]]

In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]]

Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. 

We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages!
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 13:14, 29 avrigl 2022 (CEST)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Editing news 2022 #1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;
[[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|New editors were more successful with this new tool.]]

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|New topic tool]] helps editors create new ==Sections== on discussion pages.  New editors are more successful with this new tool.  You can [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|read the report]].  Soon, the Editing team will offer this to all editors at the 20 Wikipedias that participated in the test.  You will be able to turn it off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] 20:55, 2 matg 2022 (CEST)
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== 2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees seeks candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Announcement/Call_for_Candidates|'''Read more on Meta-wiki.''']]

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is here! Please consider submitting your candidacy to serve on the Board of Trustees.

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's operations. Community-and-affiliate selected trustees and Board-appointed trustees make up the Board of Trustees. Each trustee serves a three year term. The Wikimedia community has the opportunity to vote for community-and-affiliate selected trustees.

The Wikimedia community will vote to fill two seats on the Board in 2022. This is an opportunity to improve the representation, diversity, and expertise of the Board as a team.

;Who are potential candidates? Are you a potential candidate? Find out more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Apply to be a Candidate page]].

Thank you for your support, 

Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Elections Committee and the Board of Trustees&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
12:39, 10 matg 2022 (CEST)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

We'd like to provide an update on the work on the Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct.  After the conclusion of the community vote on the guidelines in March, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs committee (CAC)]] of the Board [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JAYQN3NYKCHQHONMUONYTI6WRKZFQNSC/ asked that several areas of the guidelines be reviewed for improvements] before the Board does its final review. These areas were identified based on community discussions and comments provided during the vote. The CAC also requested review of the controversial Note in 3.1 of the UCoC itself.

Once more, a big thank you to all who voted, especially to all who left constructive feedback and comments!  The project team is working with the Board to establish a timeline for this work, and will communicate this next month. 

Members of the two prior [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|UCoC Drafting Committees]] have generously offered their time to help shape improvements to the Guidelines. You can read more about them and their work [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions_Committee|here]], as well as read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee/Phase_2_meeting_summaries#2022|summaries of their weekly meetings in 2022]]. 

Wikimedians have provided many valuable comments together with the vote and in other conversations. Given the size and diversity of the Wikimedia community, there are even more voices out there who can give ideas on how to improve the enforcement guidelines and add even more valuable ideas to the process. To help the Revisions committee identify improvements, input on several questions for the committee’s review is requested. Visit the Meta-wiki pages ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Revision_discussions|Enforcement Guidelines revision discussions]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Policy text/Revision_discussions|Policy text revision discussions]]) to get your ideas to the Committee - it is very important that viewpoints are heard from different communities before the Committee begins drafting revision proposals.

On behalf of the UCoC project team &lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 00:56, 4 zercladur 2022 (CEST)
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== Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass ==

:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,

Community members in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|propose statements to use in the Election Compass.]]

An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views.

;Here is the timeline for the Election Compass:

* July 8 - 20: Community members propose statements for the Election Compass
* July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements
* July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements
* August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements
* August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements
* August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision

The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August. The Elections Committee will oversee the process, supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance team. MSG will check that the questions are clear, there are no duplicates, no typos, and so on.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|talk]]) 13:34, 14 fanadur 2022 (CEST)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 7&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 7, July-September 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt; 
----
Welcome to the 7th issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! The newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the implementation of Wikimedia's [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy recommendations]], other relevant topics regarding Movement governance, as well as different projects and activities supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance (MSG) team of the Wikimedia Foundation.  

The MSG Newsletter is delivered quarterly, while the more frequent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|Movement Strategy Weekly]] will be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt; 

* '''Movement sustainability''': Wikimedia Foundation's annual sustainability report has been published. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continue reading]])
* '''Improving user experience''': recent improvements on the desktop interface for Wikimedia projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continue reading]])
* '''Safety and inclusion''': updates on the revision process of the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continue reading]])
* '''Equity in decisionmaking''': reports from Hubs pilots conversations, recent progress from the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, and a new white paper for futures of participation in the Wikimedia movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continue reading]])
* '''Stakeholders coordination''': launch of a helpdesk for Affiliates and volunteer communities working on content partnership. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continue reading]])
* '''Leadership development''': updates on leadership projects by Wikimedia movement organizers in Brazil and Cape Verde. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continue reading]])
* '''Internal knowledge management''': launch of a new portal for technical documentation and community resources. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continue reading]])
* '''Innovate in free knowledge''': high-quality audiovisual resources for scientific experiments and a new toolkit to record oral transcripts. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continue reading]])
* '''Evaluate, iterate, and adapt''': results from the Equity Landscape project pilot ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continue reading]])
* '''Other news and updates''': a new forum to discuss Movement Strategy implementation, upcoming Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, a new podcast to discuss Movement Strategy, and change of personnel for the Foundation's Movement Strategy and Governance team. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Thank you for reading! [[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:37, 18 fanadur 2022 (CEST)
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== Discutiamo dei miglioramenti all'interfaccia desktop ==

[[File:Vector 2022 showing language menu with a blue menu trigger and blue menu items 01.jpg|thumb]]
Partecipa a una riunione online col team che sta lavorando a [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/it|questi miglioramenti]]! La riunione si terrà il '''26 luglio 2022 at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220726T1200 12:00 UTC] and [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220726T1900 19:00 UTC]''' su Zoom. '''[https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/5304280674 Clicca qui per partecipare]'''. ID dell'incontro: 5304280674. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kc2hamfYz9 Numero d'accesso a seconda del tuo Paese].

[[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web/it|Per saperne di più]]. Speriamo che parteciperai! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|msg]]) 18:32, 25 fanadur 2022 (CEST)
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== Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi everyone,

'''The Affiliate voting process has concluded.''' Representatives from each Affiliate organization learned about the candidates by reading candidates’ statements, reviewing candidates’ answers to questions, and considering the candidates’ ratings provided by the Analysis Committee. The selected 2022 Board of Trustees candidates are:

* Tobechukwu Precious Friday ([[:m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]])
* Farah Jack Mustaklem ([[:m:User:Fjmustak|Fjmustak]])
* Shani Evenstein Sigalov ([[:m:User:Esh77|Esh77]])
* Kunal Mehta ([[:m:User:Legoktm|Legoktm]])
* Michał Buczyński ([[:m:User:Aegis Maelstrom|Aegis Maelstrom]])
* Mike Peel ([[:m:User:Mike Peel|Mike Peel]])

You may see more information about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|Results]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|Statistics]] of this Board election.

Please take a moment to appreciate the Affiliate Representatives and Analysis Committee members for taking part in this process and helping to grow the Board of Trustees in capacity and diversity. These hours of volunteer work connect us across understanding and perspective. Thank you for your participation.

Thank you to the community members who put themselves forward as candidates for the Board of Trustees. Considering joining the Board of Trustees is no small decision. The time and dedication candidates have shown to this point speaks to their commitment to this movement. Congratulations to those candidates who have been selected. A great amount of appreciation and gratitude for those candidates not selected. Please continue to share your leadership with Wikimedia.

Thank you to those who followed the Affiliate process for this Board election. You may review the results of the Affiliate selection process.

'''The next part of the Board election process is the community voting period.''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022#Timeline|You may view the Board election timeline here]]. To prepare for the community voting period, there are several things community members can engage with in the following ways:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Read candidates’ statements]] and read the candidates’ answers to the questions posed by the Affiliate Representatives.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Questions_for_Candidates|Propose and select the 6 questions for candidates to answer during their video Q&amp;A]].
* See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee’s ratings of candidates on each candidate’s statement]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community Voting/Election Compass|Propose statements for the Election Compass]] voters can use to find which candidates best fit their principles.
* Encourage others in your community to take part in the election.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 16:03, 27 fanadur 2022 (CEST)
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== Vote for Election Compass Statements ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,

Volunteers in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass/Statements|vote for statements to use in the Election Compass]]. You can vote for the statements you would like to see included in the Election Compass on Meta-wiki.

An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views.

Here is the timeline for the Election Compass:

*&lt;s&gt;July 8 - 20: Volunteers propose statements for the Election Compass&lt;/s&gt;
*&lt;s&gt;July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements&lt;/s&gt;
*July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements
*August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements
*August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements
*August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision

The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August

Best, 

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 23:01, 27 fanadur 2022 (CEST)
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== The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi everyone,

The Community Voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Here are some helpful links to get you the information you need to vote:

* Try the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|Election Compass]], showing how candidates stand on 15 different topics.
* Read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|candidate statements]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|answers to Affiliate questions]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Learn more about the skills the Board seeks]] and how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee found candidates align with those skills]]

If you are ready to vote, you may go to [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|SecurePoll voting page]] to vote now. '''You may vote from August 23 at 00:00 UTC to September 6 at 23:59 UTC.''' To see about your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]]
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== Invitation to join the Movement Strategy Forum ==

:''{{More languages}}''
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
Hello everyone,

The [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/ Movement Strategy Forum] (MS Forum) is a multilingual collaborative space for all conversations about Movement Strategy implementation. 

We are inviting all Movement participants to collaborate on the MS Forum. The goal of the forum is to build community collaboration, using an inclusive multilingual platform.

The [[m:Movement Strategy|Movement Strategy]] is a collaborative effort to imagine and build the future of the Wikimedia Movement. Anyone can contribute to the Movement Strategy, from a comment to a full-time project.

;Join this forum with your Wikimedia account, engage in conversations, and ask questions in your language.

The Movement Strategy and Governance team (MSG) launched the proposal for the MS Forum in May 2022. There was a 2-month community review period, which ended on 24 July 2022. The community review process included several questions that resulted in interesting conversations. You can read the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/ms-forum-community-review-report/1436 Community Review Report]. 

We look forward to seeing you at the MS Forum! 

Best regards,

the Movement Strategy and Governance Team

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 13:32, 29 avust 2022 (CEST)
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== The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]]
Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.'''

We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022.

It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins.

&lt;div style=&quot;width:100%; margin:auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;Top of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;A section of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
=== About the skin ===

'''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.]

'''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs.

'''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin.

* The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%.
* The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages.
* The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on.
* The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities.

'''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins.

=== How can editors change and customize this skin? ===

It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. 

=== Our plan ===

'''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar.

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks mw-ui-button&quot;&gt;Request for more time to discuss the change&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 06:15, 22 Settember 2022 (CEST)
&lt;/div&gt;
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----
=== Il tema Vector 2022 di default tra due settimane? ===
[[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|Le slide della nostra presentazione a Wikimania 2022|page=26]]
{{int:Hello}},
scrivo a nome del [[mw:Reading/Web|Web Team della Wikimedia Foundation]]. '''Tra due settimane, ci piacerebbe rendere Vector 2022 il tema di default di questo wiki.'''

Ci lavoriamo da tre anni. Finora è stato adottato da oltre 30 wiki, tra cui alcuni 
progetti fratelli Wikimedia, che nell'insieme rappresentano oltre un miliardo di accessi alle pagine al mese. In media [[phab:T317529#8246686|l'87% degli utenti attivi connessi]] di questi wiki usa Vector 2022.

Diventerebbe di default per gli utenti non loggati e anche per gli utenti loggati che attualmente usano Vector Legacy (Vector 2010). Gli utenti loggati possono passare a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|qualunque altro tema]] in ogni momento. Nessun cambiamento è previsto per gli utenti di questi temi.

&lt;div style=&quot;width:100%; margin:auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;In cima alla pagina&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector Legacy (l'attuale tema di default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;Una sezione di una pagina&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector Legacy (l'attuale tema di default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

=== A proposito del tema ===
'''[Perché è un cambiamento necessario]''' L'attuale tema di default andava incontro ai bisogni dei lettori e dei contributori così com'erano 13 anni fa. Nel frattempo, nuovi utenti hanno iniziato a usare i progetti Wikimedia. [[wmfblog:2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/|Il vecchio Vector non soddisfa le loro aspettative.]]

'''[Obiettivo]''' Lo scopo del nuovo tema è di rendere l'interfaccia più accogliente e confortevole per i lettori e più funzionale per gli utenti esperti. Trae ispirazione sia da richieste precedenti che dal [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Sondaggio dei desideri della comunità]], da gadgets e scripts. Questo lavoro ha permesso al nostro codice di rispettare gli standard ma anche di migliorare tutti gli altri temi. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|Abbiamo ridotto del 75% il codice PHP dei temi Wikimedia implementati]]. Il progetto si è impegnato anche nel facilitare il supporto ai gadget e all'uso delle API.

'''[Modifiche e risultati dei test]''' Il tema introduce una [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|serie di cambiamenti]] che migliorano la leggibilità e l'usabilità. Nel nuovo tema non è stata eliminata nessuna funzionalità attualmente disponibile su Vector.

* L'header fisso rende più facile trovare gli strumenti che i contributori usano spesso. Diminuisce del 16% lo scorrimento verso l'alto della pagina.
* Il nuovo indice rende più facile navigare tra le diverse sezioni. I lettori e i contributori saltano da una sezione all'altra il 50% più spesso che con il vecchio indice. Anche le pagine di discussione hanno un aspetto leggermente diverso.
* La nuova barra di ricerca è più facile da individuare e rende più facile trovare il risultato corretto cercato a partire da una lista. Questo ha aumentato del 30% il volume delle ricerche effettuate sui wiki che abbiamo testato.
* Il tema non influenza negativamente il numero di accesso alle pagine, il tasso di modifiche, o la creazione di account. È anzi stato riscontrato un aumento delle pagine visitate e della creazione di account nelle comunità partner.

'''[Provalo]''' Prova il nuovo tema andando nella scheda &quot;Aspetto&quot; delle [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|tue Preferenze]] e seleziona Vector 2022 nella lista dei temi.

=== Come fanno i contributori a modificare e a personalizzare questo tema? ===

È possibile configurare e personalizzare le nostre modifiche. Diamo supporto ai volontari che creano gadget e script utente. Consulta il [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|nostro archivio]] per la lista delle personalizzazioni attualmente disponibli, o aggiungici le tue. 

=== Il nostro piano ===

'''Se non vengono sollevate grosse problematiche, prevediamo di distribuire il tema nella settimana del 3 ottobre 2022.''' Se la vostra comunità desidera più tempo per discutere dei cambiamenti, premete il pulsante e scriveteci. Possiamo adattare il calendario.

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks mw-ui-button&quot;&gt;Domanda di tempo supplementare&lt;br&gt;per discutere del cambiamento&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
Se vuoi chiedere al nostro team qualsiasi cosa, se hai domande, preoccupazioni o idee ulteriori, per favore notificami o scrivi nella [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|pagina di discussione del progetto]]. Saremo lieti di risponderti! In aggiunta, puoi anche [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|consultare le nostre FAQ]]. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

&lt;small&gt;Tradotto da --[[Utilisader:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Patafisik (WMF)|talk]]) 10:49, 26 Settember 2022 (CEST)&lt;/small&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Coolest Tool Award 2022: Call for nominations&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]] welcomes your nominations! What is your favorite Wikimedia related software tool? Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|submit your favorite tools]] by October 12, 2022! The awarded projects will be announced and showcased in a virtual ceremony in December.
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:30, 3 october 2022 (CEST)
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== Update on Vector 2022 ==

[[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]]
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]].

We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one.

We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 01:24, 20 october 2022 (CEST)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Invitation to attend “Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter” Sessions ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]
Hello all, 

During the 2022 Wikimedia Summit, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) presented the first outline of the Movement Charter, giving a glimpse on the direction of its future work, and the Charter itself. The MCDC then integrated the initial feedback collected during the Summit. Before proceeding with writing the Charter for the whole Movement, the MCDC wants to interact with community members and gather feedback on the drafts of the three sections: Preamble, Values &amp; Principles, and Roles &amp; Responsibilities (intentions statement). The Movement Charter drafts will be available on the Meta page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content|here]] on November 14, 2022. Community wide consultation period on MC will take place from November 20 to December 18, 2022. Learn more about it [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|here]]. 

With the goal of ensuring that people are well informed to fully participate in the conversations and are empowered to contribute their perspective on the Movement Charter, three '''“Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter&quot;''' sessions have been scheduled in different time zones. Everyone in the Wikimedia Movement is invited to attend these conversations. The aim is to learn about Movement Charter - its goal, purpose, why it matters, and how it impacts your community. MCDC members will attend these sessions to answer your questions and hear community feedback.     

The “Ask Me Anything” sessions accommodate communities from different time zones. Only the presentation of the session is recorded and shared afterwards, no recording of conversations. Below is the list of planned events: 

*&lt;s&gt;'''Asia/Pacific''': November 4, 2022 at 09:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1667552400 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Chinese and Japanese.&lt;/s&gt;
* '''Europe/MENA/Sub Saharan Africa''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in  Arabic, French and Russian.  
* '''North and South America/ Western Europe''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Spanish and Portuguese. 

On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|Meta page]] you will find more details; Zoom links will be shared 48 hours ahead of the call.

'''Call for Movement Charter Ambassadors'''

Individuals or groups from all communities who wish to help include and start conversations in their communities on the Movement Charter are encouraged to become [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassadors]] (MC Ambassadors). MC Ambassadors will carry out their own activities and get financial support for enabling conversations in their own languages. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|Regional facilitators]] from the Movement Strategy and Governance team are available to support applicants with MC Ambassadors grantmaking. If you are interested please sign up [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|here]]. Should you have specific questions, please reach out to the MSG team via email: strategy2030@wikimedia.org or on the MS forum. 

We thank you for your time and participation. 

On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 16:33, 7 november 2022 (CET)
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== Apply for Funding through the Movement Strategy Community Engagement Package to Support Your Community ==

:''{{More languages}}''
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
The Wikimedia Movement Strategy implementation is a collaborative effort for all Wikimedians. 
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation Grants]] support projects that take the current state of a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy Initiative]] and push it one step forward. If you are looking for an example or some guide on how to engage your community further on Movement Strategy and the Movement Strategy Implementation Grants specifically, you may find this '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/Community Engagement Package|community engagement package]]''' helpful.

The goal of this community engagement package is to support more people to access the funding they might need for the implementation work. By becoming a recipient of this grant, you will be able to support other community members to develop further grant applications that fit with your local contexts to benefit your own communities. With this package, the hope is to break down language barriers and to ensure community members have needed information on Movement Strategy to connect with each other. Movement Strategy is a two-way exchange, we can always learn more from the experiences and knowledge of Wikimedians everywhere. We can train and support our peers by using this package, so more people can make use of this great funding opportunity.

If this information interests you or if you have any further thoughts or questions, please do not hesitate to reach out to us as your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|regional facilitators]] to discuss further. We will be more than happy to support you. When you are ready, follow the steps on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About |this page]] to apply. We look forward to receiving your application.

Best regards, &lt;br&gt; Movement Strategy and Governance Team &lt;br&gt; Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 17:26, 14 november 2022 (CET)
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== Opportunities open for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;&quot;&gt;
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']]

''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/span&gt;''
&lt;/div&gt;

Hi everyone! The Ombuds commission (OC) and the Case Review Committee (CRC) are looking for members. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to do so. There is more information below about the opportunity and the skills that are needed.

'''About the Ombuds commission'''

The Ombuds commission (OC) works on all Wikimedia projects to investigate complaints about violations of the privacy policy, especially in use of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CheckUser policy|CheckUser]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|Oversight]] (also known as Suppression) tools. The Commission mediates between the parties of the investigation and, when violations of the policies are identified, advises the Wikimedia Foundation on best handling. They may also assist the General Counsel, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Board of Trustees of the Foundation in these investigations when legally necessary. For more on the OC's duties and roles, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|see Ombuds commission on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Volunteers serving in this role should be experienced Wikimedians, active on any project, who have previously used the CheckUser/Oversight tools OR who have the technical ability to understand these tools and the willingness to learn them. They must be able to communicate in English, the common language of the commission. They are expected to be able to engage neutrally in investigating these concerns and to know when to recuse when other roles and relationships may cause conflict. Commissioners will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year).

'''About the Case Review Committee'''

The Case Review Committee (CRC) reviews appeals of eligible Trust &amp; Safety office actions. The CRC is a critical layer of oversight to ensure that Wikimedia Foundation office actions are fair and unbiased. They also make sure the Wikimedia Foundation doesn’t overstep established practices or boundaries. For more about the role, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Case Review Committee|see Case Review Committee on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

We are looking for current or former functionaries and experienced volunteers with an interest in joining this group. Applicants must be fluent in English (additional languages are a strong plus) and willing to abide by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee/Charter|terms of the Committee charter]]. If the work resonates and you qualify, please apply. Committee members will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year).

'''Applying to join either of these groups'''

Members are required to sign the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information|Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] and must be willing to comply with the appropriate Wikimedia Foundation board policies (such as the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Access to nonpublic information policy|access to non-public information policy]] and the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Privacy policy|Foundation privacy policy]]). These positions requires a high degree of discretion and trust. Members must also be over 18 years of age.

'''If you are interested in serving in either capacity listed above,''' please write in English to the Trust and Safety team at ca[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the OC) or to the Legal Team at legal[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the CRC) with information about:

* Your primary projects
* Languages you speak/write
* Any experience you have serving on committees, whether movement or non-movement
* Your thoughts on what you could bring to the OC or CRC if appointed
* Any experience you have with the Checkuser or Oversight tools (OC only)
* Any other information you think is relevant

'''The deadline for applications is 31 December 2022 in any timezone.'''

Please feel free to pass this invitation along to any users who you think may be qualified and interested. Thank you!

On behalf of the Committee Support team,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Join the Coolest Tool Award 2022: Friday, Dec 16th, 17:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210028 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]!

This award is highlighting software tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects. The ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to our tool developers and maybe discover new tools!

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Read more about the livestream and the discussion channels.]]

Thanks for joining! -[[m:User:SSapaty (WMF)|Komla]]
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:53, 5 december 2022 (CET)
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== Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Please-translate}}''

{{int:Hello}}

The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually.

We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas!

The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows:
* Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023
* Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023
* Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023
* Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023

If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]].

We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023!
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 13:59, 13 december 2022 (CET)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2023 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023,
 
You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a fountain tool or dashboard.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]].
 
This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023.
 
Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:24, 24 december 2022 (CET)
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== Interfaccia desktop: ultime novità ==
Ciao,
vi segnalo che [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates/it|le ultime novità del progetto delle Migliorie all'interfaccia desktop sono on line]]. Buona lettura! --[[Utilisader:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Patafisik (WMF)|talk]]) 19:38, 4 schaner 2023 (CET)

== Migliorie all'interfaccia desktop: un nuovo cambiamento in arrivo ==
[[File:Moving article tools.jpg|thumb]]
{{int:Hello}}!

'''La prossima settimana il [[mw:mw:Readers/Web/Team|team Web]] di Wikimedia Foundation sposterà alcuni link della barra laterale a destra dello schermo.'''

Così sarà più facile utilizzare in modo intuitivo tutti i collegamenti e gli strumenti della nostra interfaccia. Con la barra laterale più corta, l'indice apparirà a sua volta più in alto sullo schermo. Quest'ultimo cambiamento sarà sigificativo soprattutto per i contributori, poiché i lettori usano il menu di sinistra molto più raramente.

'''Perché apportiamo questo cambiamento'''

Attualmente, la nostra interfaccia non fa distinzione tra collegamenti e strumenti che riguardano il wiki e  collegamenti e strumenti che riguardano la pagina in sè. &quot;Pagina principale&quot;, &quot;Una voce a caso&quot;, &quot;Ultime modifiche&quot; fanno parte del primo gruppo. &quot;Puntano qui&quot;, &quot;Modifiche correlate&quot;, &quot;Cita questa voce&quot; appartengono al secondo. Questo mix confonde i nuovi lettori. Anche i nuovi contributori non hanno familiarità con ognuno di questi link e non sanno a cosa servono. Mescolando questi gruppi si rischia di demotivare le persone che sarebbero propense a scoprire spontaneamente questi strumenti.

Questa modifica risolve anche la questione della posizione del sommario. In precedenza alcuni contributori ci avevano fatto notare che il sommario sotto alla barra laterale lo faceva apparire troppo in basso nella pagina. Con questo cambiamento, il menu di sinistra (la barra laterale) diventa più corto e di conseguenza il sommario è visibile più in alto sulla pagina. Inoltre, questo cambiamento riduce lo spazio bianco sulla pagina, usandone di più per mostrare gli strumenti a destra.

Puoi saperne di più sulla [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Page tools|funzionalità degli strumenti della pagina]] e il [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|progetto delle Migliorie all'IU desktop]] su MediaWiki.org.

'''Compatibilità degli accessori'''

Alcuni accessori e script utente potrebbero aver bisogno di essere aggiornati o diventare obsoleti e ridondanti. Forniamo assistenza agli utenti che desiderano mantenere la compatibilità. Puoi visitare [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Page tools#Gadget compatibility|questa sezione della nostra documentazione]] per maggiori informazioni sulla compatibilità dei gadget.

'''Collaboriamo'''
* [[mw:Newsletter:Desktop Improvements updates|Iscriviti alla nostra newsletter]] per ricevere aggiornamenti regolari.
* Condividi le tue idee e fai domande sulla [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|nostra pagina di discussione]].
* Se noti dei malfunzionamenti, crea un nuovo task su Phabricator e aggiungi il tag &lt;code&gt;Desktop Improvements (Vector 2022)&lt;/code&gt; o [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|contattaci]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Participate|Traduci la documentazione]] su MediaWiki.org

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[Utilisader:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Patafisik (WMF)|talk]]) 13:30, 3 favrer 2023 (CET)

== Come far apparire i link delle lingue in cima alla Home page ==
[[File:DIP Language Switching in Main Page - mockup for French Wikipedia.png|thumb]]
Ciao a tutti,

con la nuova interfaccia di default, Vector 2022, il pulsante delle lingue è finito in fondo alla home page, mentre nelle altre pagine si trova correttamente in alto, vedi [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Frequently_asked_questions/fr#Why_doesn't_the_button_with_language_links_appear_at_the_top_of_the_main_page? |perché]]. Questa eccezione della home page non piace a tutte le comunità Wikimedia. Si può risolvere aggiungendo &quot;un titolo&quot;  ma solo con il consenso della vostra comunità.

Vi invito quindi a discutere se vi interessa avere i link delle lingue nello stesso posto delle altre pagine. Se la risposta è sì, dovreste decidere quale tra le due opzioni preferite: mostrare un messaggio di benvenuto (o un altro testo a votra scelta) come &quot;titolo&quot;, sulla stessa linea del pulsante delle lingue, oppure non mettere nessun testo.

Copio-incollo un passaggio delle [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Frequently_asked_questions/it#How_to_make_the_button_with_language_links_appear_at_the_top_of_the_main_page? |FAQ che potrebbe esservi utile]] per discutere, con qualche aggiunta:

* Il &quot;titolo della pagina&quot; sarà mostrato su Vector 2010, Minerva, Timeless e Vector 2022. Non sarà visibile su Monobook.
* Il &quot;titolo&quot; puo' essere modificato configurando [[mw:MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin|MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin]] per gli utenti loggati e [[mw:MediaWiki:Mainpage-title|MediaWiki:Mainpage-title]] per per gli utenti non loggati. Per gli utenti loggati su mobile invece bisognerà modificare [[mw:MediaWiki:wikimedia-mobile-mainpage-title-loggedin|MediaWiki:wikimedia-mobile-mainpage-title-loggedin]]. 
* Date un'occhiata a come appare la home page con i pulsante delle lingue in alto aggiungendo &lt;code&gt;?vectorlanguageinmainpageheader=1&lt;/code&gt; alla fine dell'URL. La [[:w:eu:Azala|home page della Wikipedia basca]] mostra una frase di benvenuto nel titolo. E' la stessa [[phab:T325362|scelta fatta anche dalla Wikipedia in francese]], che sta aspettando il cambiamento. Potete anche guardare [https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a?vectorlanguageinmainpageheader=1 l'esempio della Wikipedia in islandese] che non ha configurato nessun titolo, quindi si vedono solo le lingue.
* Se c'è consenso, pingatemi ([[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Frequently_asked_questions#How_can_I_contact_your_team?|o contattate il Web Team]]) per chiedere lo spostamento del pulsante delle lingue in alto, il team chiederà la modifica dei parametri del vostro wiki. Se preferite potete aprire direttamente un nuovo task su Phabricator, ma se volete un messaggio di benevuto basterà segnalare la vostra discussione in fondo al ticket [[phab:T325362|T325362]], aggiungendovi alla lista dei wiki che già richiedono il cambiamento. Una volta il cambiamento portato a termine, il pulsante delle lingue sarà visibile in alto alla home page del tema Vector 2022. Negli altri temi, la lista dei link delle lingue si troverà al suo posto di default, che è diverso per ogni tema.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}--[[Utilisader:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Patafisik (WMF)|talk]]) 17:57, 21 favrer 2023 (CET)

== Editing news 2023 #1 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;

This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work:

# The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it.
# They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]].

&lt;strong&gt;Talk pages project&lt;/strong&gt;
[[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]]

The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]].

It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new &quot;{{int:skin-action-addsection}}&quot; button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]].

[[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]]

An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site.

&lt;strong&gt;New Project: Edit Check&lt;/strong&gt;

The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click &quot;{{int:publishchanges}}&quot;. The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&amp;nbsp;March&amp;nbsp;2023]] to learn more.&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

–[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 00:24, 23 favrer 2023 (CET)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 22:21, 27 favrer 2023 (CET)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimania 2023 Welcoming Program Submissions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;[[File:Wikimania Singapore Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Do you want to host an in-person or virtual session at Wikimania 2023? Maybe a hands-on workshop, a lively discussion, a fun performance, a catchy poster, or a memorable lightning talk? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Submissions are open until March 28''']]. The event will have dedicated hybrid blocks, so virtual submissions and pre-recorded content are also welcome. If you have any questions, please join us at an upcoming conversation on March 12 or 19, or reach out by email at wikimania@wikimedia.org or on Telegram. More information on-wiki.&lt;section end=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Interfaccia desktop: ultime novità (marzo 2023) ==
Ciao,
vi segnalo che [[:mw:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates/it|le ultime novità]] del progetto delle Migliorie all'interfaccia desktop sono on line. 
Buona lettura!--[[Utilisader:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Patafisik (WMF)|talk]]) 10:34, 23 mars 2023 (CET)

== Vector 2022: un cambiamento per gli utenti non connessi ==
[[File:Moving article tools.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:DI Project - screenshot of Page tools - itwiki 03.jpg|thumb|Gli Strumenti della pagina quando il menu è chiuso (vedi cerchio rosso)]]
{{int:Hello}},

la settimana scorsa abbiamo reso disponibile il [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|menu degli Strumenti della pagina]] per gli utenti non connessi. Per gli utenti loggati, il menu era già disponibile da gennaio 2023.

Il menu permette di distinguere gli strumenti relativi alla navigazione all'interno del wiki in generale dagli strumenti relativi ad una pagina specifica. Nel primo gruppo si trovano, ad esempio, &quot;Pagina principale&quot; e &quot;Una voce a caso&quot;. Nel secondo gruppo ci sono, ad esempio, &quot;Puntano qui&quot;, &quot;Modifiche correlate&quot; e &quot;Cita questa voce&quot;.  Inoltre, il nuovo menu riunisce gli strumenti specifici della pagina in un unico elenco. Prima alcuni di questi link si trovavano nel menu principale (barra laterale) o nel [[metawiki:MoreMenu|More Menu]] (di fianco alla Cronologia). Il nostro proposito è che i nuovi lettori e i nuovi contributori possano capire più facilmente a cosa servono questi link.

Il menu può essere appuntato (''pinned'') o meno, a seconda delle necessità dell'utente. Quando è aperto è anche fisso sulla pagina, ossia rimane nella stessa posizione sullo schermo quando si scorre verso il basso. Inoltre, per gli utenti connessi il menu è anche permanente, ossia il menu resta nello stato voluto (aperto, chiuso o appuntato) quando si aggiorna la pagina o se ne apre una nuova. Per gli utenti non connessi invece il menu non è permanente. Speriamo di rendere disponibile questa caratteristica in futuro anche per loro.

Con questo cambiamento si ha anche il vantaggio che l'indice è mostrato più in alto sulla pagina. Solo raramente si deve scorrere la pagina per poter consultare l'indice. Questa è una delle preoccupazioni a cui abbiamo dato ascolto negli ultimi giorni e speriamo che questo risolva la questione.

;Collaboriamo

* [[mw:Newsletter:Desktop_Improvements_updates|Iscriviti alla nostra newsletter]] per ricevere gli aggiornamenti.
* Condividi le tue idee e fai domande sulla [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|nostra pagina di discussione]].
* Se noti dei malfunzionamenti, crea un nuovo task su Phabricator ed aggiungi il tag &lt;code&gt;Desktop Improvements (Vector 2022)&lt;/code&gt; o [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|contattaci]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Participate|Traduci la documentazione]] su MediaWiki.org

{{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Utilisader:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Patafisik (WMF)|talk]]) 15:21, 30 mars 2023 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Graph extension disabled&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot; /&gt;Yesterday the [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|Wikimedia Foundation noted]] that in the interests of the security of our users, the [[mw:Extension:Graph|Graph extension]] was disabled. This means that pages that were formerly displaying graphs will now display a small blank area.  To help readers understand this situation, communities can now define a brief message that can be displayed to readers in place of each graph until this is resolved. That message can be defined on each wiki at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Graph-disabled]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. Wikimedia Foundation staff are looking at options available and expected timelines. For updates, follow the public Phabricator task for this issue: [[phab:T334940|T334940]]&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:36, 19 avrigl 2023 (CEST)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=24483197 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello,

As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are:

* Community members in good standing
* Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects
* Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type
* Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023
* Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations
* Confidently able to communicate in English

The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff.

The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Best regards,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 21:00, 26 avrigl 2023 (CEST)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;An A/B test coming soon. Visual separation (Zebra #9) between regions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Vector_2022_Zebra9_prototype_with_framed_menus_logged-in.png|thumb|]]

''{{Int:Please-translate}}''

{{int:Hello}} !

In a few weeks, the Web Team will be performing an A/B test. This test will start within two weeks and will take two full weeks. It will be performed on Wikipedias in: English, Farsi, French, Hebrew, Korean, Portuguese, Serbian, Thai, Turkish, and Vietnamese.

Half of logged-in desktop users will see a version that shows the regions of the page separated more clearly. This version will include more borders and gray backgrounds. After two weeks, everyone will see the current white interface again. We will analyze the usage data for both and make a decision on next steps in July.

More information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates/2023-05_Zebra9_A/B_test|this page]]. Please give us a feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|talk page]] of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements project]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Patafisik (WMF)|Patafisik (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Patafisik (WMF)|talk]]) 18:26, 8 matg 2023 (CEST)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Patafisik (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Patafisik_(WMF)/Sandbox/MM/fallback_chain_it&amp;oldid=24997534 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Selection of the U4C Building Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 06:20, 27 matg 2023 (CEST)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Announcing the new Elections Committee members&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello there, 

We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. 

Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future.

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:00, 28 zercladur 2023 (CEST)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. 

The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward.

Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]].

Best,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 17:35, 28 avust 2023 (CEST)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts for unregistered editors&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/Updates/2023-09|Read this in your language]] • &lt;span class=plainlinks&gt;[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-IP+Editing%3A+Privacy+Enhancement+and+Abuse+Mitigation%2FUpdates%2F2023-09&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{Int:please-translate}}]&lt;/span&gt; • Please tell other users about these changes''

[[File:MediaWiki Temporary accounts page history mockup 2023-09 en.gif|alt=Mock up of history page showing old and new username styles. The IP address 172.0.0.1 changes to the temporary account ~2024-23126-086, with an icon for revealing the underlying IP address|thumb|400px|Next year, unregistered editors will start using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary_accounts|temporary accounts]].]]

In 2024, editors who have not [[Special:CreateAccount|registered an account]] will automatically begin using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary_accounts|temporary accounts]]. These editors are sometimes called &quot;IP editors&quot; because the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/Glossary_of_key_terms#ip-address|IP address]] is displayed in the page history.

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] gave a presentation at Wikimania about this change. You can [https://www.youtube.com/live/3ygRnVXTAPM?si=lAkJEcvgPl1sV6JO&amp;t=22290 watch it on YouTube].

There is more information at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation]].&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 04:05, 30. sett 2023 (CEST)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;== Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee  ==&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;&quot;&gt;
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']]

''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/span&gt;''&lt;/div&gt;

Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. 

On behalf of the Committee Support team,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:41, 9. oct 2023 (CEST) &lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Dear all, 

Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]].

Best,

Katie Chan &lt;br&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

03:13, 17. oct 2023 (CEST)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: Reference Previews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]]
Eine neue Funktion wird bald in deinem Wiki eingeführt: Vorschauen für Einzelnachweise sind Popups für Einzelnachweise. Solche Popups gab es in Wikis für viele Jahre als lokale Helferleins.  Nun gibt es eine zentrale Lösung, die in allen Wikis verfügbar und konsistent mit der [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|Seitenvorschau-Funktion]] ist.

Vorschauen für Einzelnachweise weden für alle sichtbar sein, auch für Leser. Wenn du sie nicht sehen möchtest, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|kannst du sie deaktivieren]]. Wenn du [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|die Helferleins]] Tooltips für Einzelnachweise oder Navigations-Popups nutzt, wirst du die Vorschauen für Einzelnachweise nicht sehen, sofern du das Helferlein nicht deaktivierst.

Vorschauen für Einzelnachweise waren seit 2019 eine Beta-Funktion in vielen Wikis und seit 2021 eine Standard-Funktion in einigen davon. Die Einführung ist für den 22. November geplant. 

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Hilfeseite]] 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Projektseite mit weiteren Informationen (auf Englisch)]]. 
* Rückmeldungen sind [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|auf dieser Diskussionsseite]] willkommen. 
-- Für das Team [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technische Wünsche bei Wikimedia Deutschland]],
&lt;section end=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 14:11, 15. nov 2023 (CET)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;== (Neue) Funktion des [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographers]]: Geopunkte über QIDs hinzufügen ==&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;Seit September 2022 ist es möglich, Geopunkte mithilfe einer QID zu erstellen. Viele Autoren haben sich diese Funktion gewünscht, jedoch wird sie wenig genutzt. Daher möchten wir dich daran erinnern. Weitere Informationen finden sich auf der [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|Projektseite]]. Wenn du Anmerkungen dazu hast, teile sie uns bitte auf der [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|Diskussionsseite]] mit. – Beste Grüße, das Team Technische Wünsche bei Wikimedia Deutschland
&lt;section end=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 13:31, 13. dec 2023 (CET)
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== Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? ==

''Apologies for writing in English.''

The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references.

* The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here].
* Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch.
* [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]].
* Sessions will be held in January and February.
* [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.]
* Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment.

We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]]
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=25956752 --&gt;

== Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.''

Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.&lt;br&gt; 
''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.''

The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time.

For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.&lt;br&gt;We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Feminism and Folklore 2024 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 08:26, 18. schan 2024 (CET)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''

-- [[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 08:26, 18. schan 2024 (CET)
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:Tiven2240@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=23942484 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstimmung über die Satzung des Koordinationskomitees des universellen Verhaltenskodex&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|Du findest diese Nachricht in weitere Sprachen übersetzt im Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hallo allerseits,

ich melde mich heute bei euch, um anzukündigen, dass die Abstimmungsphase für die Satzung des [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Koordinationskomitees des universellen Verhaltenskodex]] (U4C) begonnen hat. Communitymitglieder können ab sofort bis zum '''2. Februar 2024''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|über SecurePoll ihre Stimme abgeben und Kommentare zur Satzung hinterlassen]]. Diejenigen von euch, die ihre Meinung bereits bei der Entwicklung der [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC-Durchsetzungsleitlinien]]  abgegeben haben, kennen diesen Prozess schon.

Die [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|aktuelle Version der Satzung des Koordinationskomittes des universellen Verhaltenskodex]] steht im Meta-Wiki mit Übersetzungen zur Verfügung. 

Lies die Satzung, stimm ab und teile diese Nachricht mit anderen aus deiner Community! Das U4C-Aufbaukomitee freut sich wirklich auf eure Beteiligung.

Für das UCoC-Projektteam,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 19:08, 19. schan 2024 (CET)
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=25853527 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Die letzten Tage zur Abstimmung über das Koordinationskomitee des universellen Verhaltenskodex&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|Du findest diese Nachricht in weitere Sprachen übersetzt im Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hallo allerseits,

ich melde mich bei euch, um daran zu erinnern, dass die Abstimmungsphase über die Satzung des [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Koordinationskomitees des universellen Verhaltenskodex]] (U4C) am '''2. Februar 2024''' zu Ende ist. Communitymitglieder können [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|über SecurePoll ihre Stimme abgeben und Kommentare zur Satzung hinterlassen]]. Diejenigen unter euch, die sich während der Entwicklung der [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC-Durchsetzungsleitlinien]] zu Wort gemeldet haben, kennen diesen Prozess bereits.

Die [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|aktuelle Version der Satzung des Koordinationskomittes des universellen Verhaltenskodex]] steht im Meta-Wiki mit Übersetzungen zur Verfügung. 

Lies die Satzung, stimm ab und teile diese Nachricht mit anderen aus deiner Community! Das U4C-Aufbaukomitee freut sich wirklich auf eure Beteiligung.

Für das UCoC-Projektteam,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:00, 31. schan 2024 (CET)
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=25853527 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Ergebnisse der Abstimmung über die Satzung des UCoC-Koordinationskomitees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|Diese Nachricht liegt auf Meta-Wiki auch in weitere Sprachen übersetzt vor.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hallo allerseits,

danke für das Interesse an der Entwicklung des universellen Verhaltenskodex. Ich möchte hiermit die Ergebnisse der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|Abstimmung zur Ratifizierung]] der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Satzung des UCoC-Koordinationskomitees]] ankündigen. 1746 Beitragende haben an dieser Abstimmung teilgenommen, wovon 1249 Abstimmende der Satzung zustimmen und 420 Abstimmende sie ablehnen. Im Rahmen der Ratifizierung war es Abstimmenden möglich, Kommentare zur Satzung abzugeben. 

Ein Bericht mit Statistiken zur Abstimmung und einer Zusammenfassung der Kommentare wird in den kommenden Wochen im Meta-Wiki veröffentlicht werden.

Wir werden bald über die nächsten Schritte berichten!

Für das UCoC-Projektteam&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 19:23, 12. favr 2024 (CET)
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26160150 --&gt;

== Enabling machine translation support, Section and Content translation tools in your Wikipedia ==

{{int:Hello}} Romansh Wikipedians!

Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please-translate}}.

The WMF Language team plans to enable the Section and Content translation tools to Romansh Wikipedia by default. Also, the team is considering adding [[mw:Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation]] (MT) support with [[mw:MinT|MinT]] to the tools. MinT may be providing limited support for your language, so we want to make sure it is useful for the community. For this, my team would like members of your community to:

* Test the machine translation support [https://translate.wmcloud.org/ in a test instance]. You can paste multiple pieces of content from different Wikipedia articles and check whether the provided result is a useful starting point for a translation.
* Give us feedback if the machine translation quality is okay to be on your Wikipedia by default, as an optional service or if it is not useful at all.
* Let us know if you have any objections to having the Section and Content translation enabled by default in this Wikipedia. 

Below is background information about the tools and how you can test them.

'''Background information'''

[[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has been a successful tool for editors to create content in their language. Since its release in 2015, the tool has aided the translation of more than one million articles across all languages. However, the tool is in beta in Romansh Wikipedia, limiting its discoverability and use. Being in beta also blocks enabling the Section translation in your Wikipedia.

[[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section Translation]] extends the capabilities of Content Translation to support mobile devices. On mobile, the tool will:

* Guide you to translate one section at a time to expand existing articles or create new ones

* Make it easy to transfer knowledge across languages anytime from your mobile device

MinT (Machine in Translation) is a machine translation service hosted in the Wikimedia Infrastructure. It is designed to provide translations from many MT models. The model available for your Wikipedia is the [https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/madlad_400 MADLAD-400 open-source translation model].

'''Our request'''

The MADLAD-400 MT is available for your Wiki in our test instance. We want you to test it (translate sentences and paragraphs from articles) in our test instance:https://translate.wmcloud.org. Let us know in this thread if the quality of the automatic translation generated is okay to enable it in Romansh Wikipedia along with the Section and Content translation tool.

'''Our plans to enable the tools and the machine translation support'''

We plan to deploy the tools with the MT support by the 4th of March. If there are no objections from your community, we will deploy them. We want to provide the tools in the way they best serve the community, so we are open to make further adjustments after the deployment based on the experience of the community.

We look forward to getting your feedback in this thread. Thank you!

On behalf of the WMF Language team.
[[Utilisader:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 22:01, 14. favr 2024 (CET)
:{{Ping|UOzurumba (WMF)}}, please don't enable such tools on the Romansh Wikipedia. There are already enough poorly translated articles here, and very few native Romansh speakers to check and correct them. This Wikipedia needs articles of a high linguistic quality, not machine-translated, sort-of-correct but unidiomatic content. --[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Terfili|talk]]) 22:27, 14. favr 2024 (CET)
::@[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]], thank you for the feedback. [[Utilisader:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 23:03, 14. favr 2024 (CET)
::Hello @[[Utilisader:Terfili|Terfili]], In the next few days, your community will only have the Content and Section translation tool by default without the machine translation support enabled, as you have indicated that your community does not need it. Thank you!
::[[Utilisader:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 29. favr 2024 (CET)

== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=26166467 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Der Bericht zur Ratifizierung der U4C-Satzung und zur U4C-Bewerbung ist jetzt verfügbar&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| Diese Nachricht liegt im Meta-Wiki auch in weitere Sprachen übersetzt vor.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hallo allerseits,

Ich schreibe euch heute wegen zwei wichtiger Informationen. Zum einen ist der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|Bericht über die Kommentare zur Ratifizierung der Satzung für das Koordinationskomitee des universellen Verhaltenskodex (U4C)]] jetzt verfügbar. Zum anderen hat die Bewerbungsphase für das U4C begonnen – sie läuft bis zum 1. April 2024.

Das [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Koordinationskomitee des universellen Verhaltenskodex]] (U4C) ist eine globale Gruppe, die für eine gerechte und konsequente Umsetzung des Verhaltenskodex sorgen soll. Communitymitglieder sind eingeladen, sich für das U4C zu bewerben. Weitere Informationen zum U4C sind in der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Satzung]] zu finden.

Gemäß der Satzung hat das U4C 16 Sitze: acht für die Gesamtcommunity und acht regional verteilte, um sicherzustellen, dass das U4C die Diversität des Movements widerspiegelt.

Im [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-Wiki]] gibt es mehr Informationen. Dort werden auch die Bewerbungen entgegengenommen.

Für das UCoC Projekt-Team&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:25, 5. mars 2024 (CET)
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26276337 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Auswahl für das Board of Trustees der Wikimedia Foundation 2024&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
: ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| Diese Nachricht liegt im Meta-Wiki in weitere Sprachen übersetzt vor.]]''
: ''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hallo allerseits,

In diesem Jahr endet die Amtszeit von vier (4) Trustees im Board of Trustees der Wikimedia Foundation, die von Affiliates und der Community gewählt wurden [1]. Das Board of Trustees lädt das gesamte Movement ein, am diesjährigen Auswahlprozess teilzunehmen und über die freigewordenen Sitze abzustimmen.

Das [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wahlkomitee]] wird diesen Prozess mit Unterstützung von Angestellten der Foundation beaufsichtigen [2]. Das Komitee für Board Governance hat eine Arbeitsgruppe für die Board-Auswahl ins Leben gerufen, die aus Trustees besteht, die im diesjährigen Auswahlprozess für Community und Affiliates nicht kandidieren können: Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra’a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins und Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. Diese Gruppe hat die Aufgabe, den Trustee-Auswahlprozess 2024 für das Board zu überwachen und dieses darüber zu informieren. Mehr Details zu den Rollen des Wahlkomitees, des Boards und der Angestellten gibt es hier [4]. 

Das sind die wichtigsten geplanten Daten:

*  Mai 2024: Aufruf zur Bewerbung und zum Stellen von Fragen
*  Juni 2024: Affiliates stimmen ab, um eine Shortlist aus zwölf Personen zu bestimmen (es gibt keine Shortlist, wenn sich 15 oder weniger Personen bewerben) [5]
*  Juni–August 2024: Kampagne
*  Ende August / Anfang September 2024: zweiwöchige Abstimmung durch die Community
*  Oktober–November 2024: Hintergrundüberprüfung der gewählten Personen
*  Board-Sitzung im Dezember 2024: Einführung der neuen Trustees

Du kannst auf [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|dieser Seite im Meta-Wiki]] den genauen Zeitplan, das Bewerbungsverfahren, die Regeln für die Kampagne und die Kriterien für Wahlberechtigung ansehen und deine Pläne entsprechend ausrichten.

'''Freiwillige Wahlhelfer:innen'''

Eine weitere Möglichkeit, sich am Auswahlprozess 2024 zu beteiligen, ist die Teilnahme als freiwillige:r Wahlhelfer:in. Diese Freiwilligen sind Verbindungspersonen zwischen dem Wahlkomitee und ihren jeweiligen Communitys. Sie helfen dabei, sicherzustellen, dass ihre Communitys vertreten sind, und rufen diese zur Wahl auf. Erfahre [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|auf dieser Seite im Meta-wiki]] mehr über das Programm und wie du teilnehmen kannst.

Beste Grüße

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Arbeitsgruppe für die Board-Auswahl)

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] Auch wenn die ideale Anzahl zwölf Kandidierende für vier freie Sitze sind, wird das Shortlist-Verfahren nur angewendet, wenn mehr als 15 Personen zur Auswahl stehen, da sich ansonsten die ein bis drei Kandidierenden, die es nicht durch das Verfahren schaffen, ausgeschlossen fühlen könnten und der Aufwand für die Affiliates im Verhältnis zur kleinen Anzahl sehr groß wäre.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]20:57, 12. mars 2024 (CET)
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26349432 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Stimm jetzt über die Mitglieder des ersten U4C ab&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|Diese Nachricht liegt auf Meta-Wiki auch in weitere Sprachen übersetzt vor.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hallo allerseits,

ich schreibe euch, um anzukündigen, dass die Abstimmungsphase für das Koordinationskomitee des universellen Verhaltenskodex (U4C) begonnen hat und bis zum 9. Mai 2024 läuft. Auf der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Wahlseite im Meta-Wiki]] könnt ihr mehr über die Wahl und die Wahlberechtigung erfahren.

Das Koordinationskomitee des universellen Verhaltenskodex (U4C) ist eine globale Gruppe, die sich für eine gerechte und konsequente Umsetzung des UCoC einsetzt. Communitymitglieder waren eingeladen, sich für das U4C zu bewerben. Mehr Informationen über das U4C und seine Aufgaben sind in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|der U4C-Satzung]] zu finden.

Bitte teile diese Nachricht mit Mitgliedern deiner Community, sodass sie sich auch beteiligen können.

Für das UCoC-Projektteam&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22:20, 25. avr 2024 (CEST)
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26390244 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Melde dich an für das Sprachengemeinschaftstreffen am 31. Mai um 16:00 Uhr UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;Hallo allerseits,

Das nächste Sprachengemeinschaftstreffen ist für in ein paar Wochen geplant - den 31. Mai um 16:00 Uhr UTC. Solltest du Interessse haben, kannst du dich [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 auf dieser Wiki-Seite anmelden].

Es handelt sich um ein teilnehmerorientiertes Treffen, bei dem wir sprachspezifische Neuigkeiten zu verschiedenen Projekten teilen, gemeinsam technische Probleme der Sprach-Wikis diskutieren und zusammenarbeiten um mögliche Lösungen zu finden. Themen des letzten Treffens waren beispielsweise der maschinelle Übersetzungsdienst (MinT) und die Sprachen und Modelle die davon unterstützt werden, Lokalisierungsbemühungen des Kiwix-Teams und technische Schwierigkeiten mit numerischer Sortierung in Dateien, die in der bengalischen Wikisource genutzt werden.

Hast du Ideen für Themen, zu denen du technische Neuigkeiten zu deinem Projekt teilen möchtest? Irgendwelche Probleme, die du gerne während dem Treffen diskutieren möchtest? Benötigst du Dolmetscherunterstützung vom Englischen in eine andere Sprache? Bitte melde dich bei mir unter ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org und [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|füge Dinge für die Agenda zu diesem Dokument hinzu]].

Wir freuen uns auf deine Teilnahme!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:23, 14. matg 2024 (CEST)
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26390244 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Rückmeldung zur Prozedur für den Lebenszyklus von Schwesterprojekten willkommen&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|Diese Nachricht liegt auf Meta-Wiki auch in weitere Sprachen übersetzt vor.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

[[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]

Liebe Mitglieder der Gemeinschaft,

Das [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Komitee für Gemeinschaftsangelegenheiten]] (CAC) des [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Kuratoriums der Wikimediastiftung]] lädt euch dazu ein, Rückmeldung zu einem '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|Prozedurentwurf für den Lebenszyklus von Schwesterprojekten]]''' zu geben. Dieser Entwurf stellt vorgeschlagene Schritte und Anforderungen für die Öffnung und Schließung von Wikimedia-Schwesterprojekten dar und zielt darauf ab sicherzustellen, dass neu bewilligte Projekte auf Erfolg eingestellt sind. Das ist seperat von der Prozedur zur Öffnung und Schließung neuer Sprachversionen von Projekten, welche durch das [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Sprachkomitee]] oder die [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|Richtlinien zum Schließen von Projekten]] gehandhabt wird. 

Ihr könnt die Details auf [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|dieser Seite]] finden, sowie Möglichkeiten, um eure Rückmeldung von heute bis zum Ende des '''23. Juni 2024''' anywhere on Earth (entspricht dem 24. Juni 2024 14:00 Uhr MESZ) abzugeben. 

Ihr könnt Informationen hierüber auch mit interessierten Projektgemeinschaften, mit denen ihr arbeitet oder die ihr unterstützt, teilen und ihr könnt uns auch dabei helfen diese Prozedur in mehr Sprachen zu übersetzen, damit die Leute der Diskussion mit ihrer eigenen Sprache beitreten können.

Für das CAC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 04:25, 22. matg 2024 (CEST)
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26390244 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Ankündigung des ersten Koordinationskomitees für den universellen Verhaltenskodex&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|Diese Nachricht liegt auf Meta-Wiki auch in weitere Sprachen übersetzt vor.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hallo,

Die Wahlprüfer haben die Überprüfung der Wahlergebnisse abgeschlossen. Deshalb folgen hier jetzt die Ergebnisse der ersten [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Wahl des Koordinationskomitees für den universellen Verhaltenskodex (U4C)]]. 

Wir freuen uns, die folgenden Personen als regionale Mitglieder des U4C ankündigen zu dürfen, die eine zweijährige Amtszeit erfüllen werden:

* Nordamerika (USA und Kanada)
** –
* Nord- und Westeuropa
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]]
* Lateinamerika und die Karibik
** –
* Mittel- und Osteuropa (CEE)
** —
* Subsaharisches Afrika
** –
* Mittlerer Osten und Nordafrika
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]]
* Ost-, Südostasien und Pazifik (ESEAP)
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]]
* Südasien
** –

Die folgenden Personen wurden als Gesamtgemeinschaftsmitglieder des U4C gewählt und werden eine einjährige Amtszeit erfüllen:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]]
* –
* –
* –
* –

Vielen Dank erneut an alle, die an diesem Prozess teilgenommen haben und viel Anerkennung an die Kandidaten für eure Führung und euer Engagement für die Wikimediabewegung und -gemeinschaft.

Über die nächsten Wochen wird das U4C damit anfangen, sich zu treffen und das Jahr 2024-25 zu planen, um die Umsetzung und Überprüfung des universellen Verhaltenskodex (UCoC) und der Durchsetzungsrichtlinien zu unterstützen. Verfolge ihre Arbeit im [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]].

Für das UCoC-Projektteam,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:15, 3. zercl 2024 (CEST)
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26390244 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Der endgültige Text der Charta der Wikimedia-Bewegung ist jetzt auf Meta verfügbar&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|Diese Nachricht liegt auf Meta-Wiki auch in weitere Sprachen übersetzt vor.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hallo allerseits,

Der endgültige Text der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Charta der Wikimedia-Bewegung]] ist jetzt auf Meta in mehr als 20 Sprachen zur Durchsicht verfügbar.

'''Was ist die Charta der Wikimedia-Bewegung?'''

Die Charta der Wikimedia-Bewegung ist ein vorgeschlagenes Dokument, in dem die Rollen und Zuständigkeiten aller Mitglieder und Bestandteile der Wikimedia-Bewegung definiert werden sollen, inklusive der Schaffung eines neuen Gremiums – des Globalen Rats – zur Leitung des Movements.

'''Nimm an der „Launchparty“ der Charta der Wikimedia-Bewegung teil'''

Nimm am '''20. Juni 2024''' um '''14:00–15:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 in deiner Zeitzone]) an der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|„Launchparty“]] teil. Während dieses Videogesprächs werden wir die Veröffentlichung der endgültigen Version der Charta feiern und ihren Inhalt präsentieren. Beteilige dich und erfahre mehr über die Charta, bevor du deine Stimme abgibst.

'''Abstimmung zur Ratifizierung der Charta der Wikimedia-Bewegung'''

Die Abstimmung beginnt auf SecurePoll am '''25. Juni 2024''' um '''00:01 UTC''' und wird am '''9. Juli 2024''' um '''23:59 UTC''' enden. Auf Meta kannst du weitere [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|Einzelheiten zur Abstimmung, zur Wahlberechtigung und zu anderen Aspekten]] finden.

Wenn du Fragen hast, hinterlasse bitte einen Kommentar auf der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta-Diskussionsseite]] oder schick dem MCDC eine E-Mail an [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org].

Für das MCDC&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:44, 11. zercl 2024 (CEST)
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26390244 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Die Abstimmung zur Ratifizierung der Charta der Wikimedia-Bewegung hat begonnen – stimm jetzt ab&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|Diese Nachricht liegt auf Meta-Wiki auch in weitere Sprachen übersetzt vor.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hallo allerseits,

Die Abstimmung, um die '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Charta der Wikimedia-Bewegung]]''' zu ratifizieren, hat begonnen. Die Charta der Wikimedia-Bewegung ist ein Dokument, in dem die Rollen und Zuständigkeiten aller Mitglieder und Bestandteile der Wikimedia-Bewegung definiert werden sollen, inklusive der Schaffung eines neuen Gremiums – des Globalen Rats – zur Leitung des Movements.

Die endgültige Version der Charta der Wikimedia-Bewegung steht [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|auf Meta in verschiedenen Sprachen zur Verfügung]].

Die Abstimmung begann auf SecurePoll am '''25. Juni 2024''' um '''00:01 UTC''' und wird am '''9. Juli 2024''' um '''23:59 UTC''' enden. Bitte lies dir die [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|Einzelheiten zur Abstimmung und zur Wahlberechtigung durch]].

Nachdem du die Charta gelesen hast, [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''stimm bitte hier ab''']] und verbreite diese Botschaft weiter.

Wenn du Fragen zur Abstimmung hast, nimm bitte mit der Wahlkommission der Charta unter [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org'''] Kontakt auf.

Für das CEC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 12:52, 25. zercl 2024 (CEST)
&lt;!-- Nachricht versandt von Benutzer:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki durch Verwendung der Liste unter https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26989444 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Die Abstimmung zur Ratifizierung der Charta der Wikimedia-Bewegung geht zu Ende&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|Diese Nachricht liegt auf Meta-Wiki auch in weitere Sprachen übersetzt vor.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hallo allerseits,

Hiermit möchten wir freundlich daran erinnern, dass die Abstimmungsphase zur Ratifizierung der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Charta der Wikimedia-Bewegung]] am '''9. Juli 2024''' um '''23:59 UTC''' endet.

Falls du noch nicht abgestimmt hast, hole das bitte [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|auf SecurePoll]] nach. 

Für die [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Wahlkommission der Charta]],&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 05:45, 8. fan 2024 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024.

The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]].

In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki.

Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]].

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:03, 10. fan 2024 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Ergebnisse der Ratifikation der Movementcharter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|Diese Nachricht liegt auf Meta-Wiki auch in weitere Sprachen übersetzt vor.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hallo zusammen,

Nachdem die [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Wahlkommission]] alle Stimmen ausgezählt hat in der individuellen Abstimmung und in der Affiliateabstimmung, wird hiermit das Ergebnis verkündet.

Wie bereits [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|auf Meta verkündet]], wurden für beide Abstimmungen die Quoren erreicht vor Wahlende am '''9. Juli, 23:59 UTC'''. Wir danken allen 2.451 Teilnehmern in der individuellen Abstimmung und den 129 Vertretern der Affiliates die teilnahmen. Eure Voten und Kommentare sind wertvoll für künftige Schritte bezüglich der Movementstrategie.

Die endgüligen Ergebnisse der Ratifizierung der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movementcharter]], die zwischen dem 25. Juni und 9. Juli 2024 stattfand, sind folgendermaßen: 

'''Individuelle Abstimmung / (Communityabstimmung)'''

Von den 2.451 Personen die abstimmten bis zum 9. July 23:59 (UTC), gab es 2.446 gültige Stimmen. Darunter '''1.710''' mal &quot;Ja&quot;; '''623''' mal &quot;Nein&quot;; und '''113''' mal &quot;-&quot; (Neutral). Da die neutralen Voten nicht mitzählen, liegt die Zustimmungsrate bei 73,30 % (1719/2333), während 26,70 % die Charter ablehnten (623/2333).

=== Abstimmung von Affiliates ===

Von den 129 Personen die von den Affiliates designiert wurden, stimmten alle 129 bis zum 9. July 23:59 (UTC) ab. Es gab 129 gültige Stimmen. Darunter '''93''' mal &quot;Ja&quot;; '''18''' mal &quot;Nein&quot;; und ebenfalls '''18''' mal &quot;-&quot; (Neutral). Da die neutralen Voten nicht mitzählen, liegt die Zustimmungsrate bei 83,78 % (93/111), während 16,22 % die Charter ablehnten (18/111).

'''Board of Trustees der Wikimedia Foundation:'''

Das Board o Trustees der Wikimedia Foundation votierte die vorgeschlagene Charter '''nicht zu ratifizieren''', während des Boardmeetings am 8. July 2024. Die Vorsitzende des Boards, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|veröffentlichte das Ergebnis der Abstimmung, deren Protokol und Vorschläge zu weiteren Schritten]].

Folglich ist die Movementcharter damit insgesamt '''nicht ratifiziert'''.

Wir danken für eure Teilnahme an diesem wichtigen Moment für die Führungsstruktur (Governance) unseres Wikiversums (Movement).

Die Charterwahlkommision,

[[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:52, 18. fan 2024 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 04:47, 27. fan 2024 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now.

'''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:30, 6. avu 2024 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Bald neu: Subreferenzen – jetzt testen!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]]
Hallo. Seit vielen Jahren wünschen sich Communitymitglieder einen unkomplizierten Weg, Einzelnachweise mit unterschiedlichen Details wiederzuverwenden. Nun kommt eine MediaWiki-Lösung: Die neue Subreferenzierungsfunktion wird das bestehende Einzelnachweissystem ergänzen und im Wikitext sowie im Visual Editor funktionieren. Ihr könnt weiterhin andere Arten von Einzelnachweisen nutzen, aber werdet womöglich Subreferenzen in Artikeln anderer Autor*innen sehen. Mehr Informationen [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|auf der Projektseite]].

'''Wir wollen euer Feedback''', damit das Feature optimal für euch funktioniert:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Bitte testet]] die aktuelle Entwicklungsversion im Betawiki und [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|erzählt uns, was ihr davon haltet]]. 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Tragt euch hier ein]], um Updates zum Projekt zu bekommen und/oder Einladung zu Tests mit Nutzer*innen zu erhalten.

Das [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technische-Wünsche]]-Team von [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] plant, die neue Funktion gegen Jahresende in Wikimediaprojekten zu veröffentlichen. Zuvor werden wir Entwickler*innen von Tools und Vorlagen mit Bezug zu Einzelnachweisen Bescheid geben.

Bitte helft uns, die Neuerung bekannt zu machen. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC)
&lt;section end=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC ==

Hi all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation!

[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:19, 23. avu 2024 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]].

I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** Ajraddatz

The following seats were not filled during this special election:

* Latin America and Caribbean
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
* Sub-Saharan Africa
* South Asia
* The four remaining Community-At-Large seats

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]].

On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:06, 2. sett 2024 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Nutze dein Mitspracherecht: Stimm über das Kuratorium 2024 ab!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hallo allerseits,

die Abstimmungsphase der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|Wahl zum Kuratorium 2024]] ist jetzt offen. Zwölf (12) Personen kandidieren für vier (4) Sitze im Kuratorium.

In den [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|Vorstellungstexten]] und [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|Antworten auf Community-Fragen]] kannst du mehr über die Kandidierenden erfahren.

Wenn du so weit bist, auf die [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]]-Wahlseite wechseln, um abzustimmen. '''Die Abstimmungsphase beginnt am 3. September um 00:00 UTC und endet am 17. September um 23:59 UTC'''.

Um deine Wahlberechtigung zu prüfen, gehe bitte zur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|entsprechenden Informationsseite]].

Beste Grüße

Das Wahlkomitee und die Arbeitsgruppe für die Kuratoriumszusammenstellung&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:14, 3. sett 2024 (CEST)

== 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.&lt;/i&gt;{{tracked|T66315}}

Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project.
The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''General''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''In Other Projects''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section.

We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the   [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2.
More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;We welcome your feedback and questions.&lt;br&gt; [[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 20:57, 27. sett 2024 (CEST)
&lt;/div&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vorläufige Ergebnisse der Wahlen zum Kuratorium der Wikimedia Foundation 2024&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hallo allerseits,

vielen Dank für die Beteiligung an der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|Wahl zum Kuratorium der Wikimedia Foundation 2024]]. Rund 6000 Communitymitglieder aus über 180 Wikiprojekten haben abgestimmt.

Die folgenden vier Kandidierenden haben die meisten Stimmen erhalten:

# [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]]
# [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]]
# [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]]
# [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]]

Diese Kandidierenden haben die meisten Stimmen erhalten, müssen aber noch ins Kuratorium berufen werden. Dafür müssen sie erfolgreich eine Hintergrundüberprüfung durchlaufen und alle Kriterien erfüllen, die in den Statuten genannt werden. Die neuen Kuratoriumsmitglieder werden bei der nächsten Sitzung des Kuratoriums im Dezember 2024 ernannt.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Erfahre im Meta-Wiki mehr über die Ergebnisse.]]

Beste Grüße

Das Wahlkomitee und die Arbeitsgruppe für die Kuratoriumszusammenstellung

&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 10:25, 14. oct 2024 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Suche nach Freiwilligen für mehrere Komitees der Wikimedia-Bewegung&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Jedes Jahr, in der Regel von Oktober bis Dezember, suchen mehrere Komitees der Wikimedia-Bewegung nach neuen Freiwilligen. 

Erfahre mehr über die Komitees auf den jeweiligen Seiten im Meta-Wiki:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations-Komitee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombudskommission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Fallprüfungskomitee (CRC)]]

Die Bewerbungsphase für die Komitees startet am 16. Oktober 2024. Sie endet für das Affiliations-Komitee am 18. November 2024 und für die Ombudskommission sowie das Fallprüfungskomitee am 2. Dezember 2024. Erfahre, wie du dich bewirbst, indem du [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|die Ernennungsseite im Meta-Wiki besuchst]]. Bitte melde dich mit etwaigen Fragen auf der Diskussionsseite oder über E-Mail an [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org].

Für das Komitee-Unterstützungsteam
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:08, 17. oct 2024 (CEST)

== 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. ==

Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 13:29, 22. oct 2024 (CEST)

== Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC ==

Hello everyone,

The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone &lt;https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000&gt;). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: &lt;https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024&gt;.

This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation.

Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 20:54, 21. nov 2024 (CET)

== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:11, 24. schan 2025 (CET)
&lt;/div&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:36, 29. schan 2025 (CET)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''
--[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:36, 29. schan 2025 (CET)
&lt;/div&gt;

== Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. 

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:48, 3. favr 2025 (CET)
&lt;/div&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; Anstehendes Treffen des Sprachkomitees (28. Februar, 14:00 UTC) und Newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hallo allerseits!
[[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=Ein Bild, das mehrere Sprachen symbolisiert]]
Wir freuen uns, ankündigen zu können, dass das nächste '''Treffen des Sprachkomitees''' bald stattfindet, am '''28. Februar um 14:00 UTC'''! Wenn du teilnehmen möchtest, melde dich einfach über die '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|Wikiseite]]''' an.

Dies ist ein von den Teilnehmenden angetriebenes Treffen, bei dem wir Neuigkeiten zu sprachbezogenen Projekten austauschen, über technische Herausforderungen in Sprach-Wikis sprechen und gemeinsam an Lösungen arbeiten. In unserem letzten Treffen haben wir Themen wie die Entwicklung von Sprachtastaturen, den Start der Mòoré-Wikipedia und Neuigkeiten aus den Veranstaltungen zur Sprachunterstützung auf der Wiki Indaba behandelt.

'''Du hast ein Thema, das du einbringen möchtest?''' Egal, ob es um technische Neuigkeiten aus deinem Projekt, eine Herausforderung, bei der du Hilfe suchst, oder eine Anfrage um Simultanübersetzung geht, wir freuen uns, von dir zu hören! Du kannst gerne '''auf diese Nachricht antworten''' oder Tagesordnungspunkte zu '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|diesem Dokument]]''' hinzufügen.

Außerdem wollten wir darauf hinweisen, dass die sechste Ausgabe des Newsletters „Sprache und Internationalisierung“ (Januar 2025) verfügbar ist: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. Dieser Newsletter enthält Informationen aus dem Quartal Oktober-Dezember 2024 über die Entwicklung neuer Funktionen, Verbesserungen verschiedener sprachbezogener technischer Projekte und Unterstützungsmaßnahmen, Details über Communitytreffen und Ideen für das Beitragen zu Projekten. Um auf dem Laufenden zu bleiben, kannst du den Newsletter über seine Wiki-Seite abonnieren: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]].

Wir freuen uns auf deine Ideen und deine Teilnahme am Treffen des Sprachkomitees, bis bald!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 09:29, 22. favr 2025 (CET)

== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 19:51, 7. mars 2025 (CET)

&lt;/div&gt;

== An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:hello}} Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device.

With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below.
[[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the &quot;For you&quot; and &quot;...More&quot; buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups (&quot;Create new pages&quot; and &quot;Expand with new sections&quot;)-one for each activity.]]
[[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]]
We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''.
Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. 

Thank you!

On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:56, 13. mars 2025 (CET)

== Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon.

Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 04:04, 4. avr 2025 (CEST)
&lt;/div&gt;

== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! 

The most active contesters will receive prizes.

If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.
&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;

18:11, 16. avr 2025 (CEST)

== Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines (&quot;UCoC EG&quot;) and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:34, 17. avr 2025 (CEST)
&lt;/div&gt;

== Sub-referencing: User testing ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]]
&lt;small&gt;''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''&lt;/small&gt;

Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further:

#'''Try it out and share your feedback'''
#:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. 
#'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs'''
#:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''.

We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well.

Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! &lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:03, 28. avr 2025 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Abstimmung über die vorgeschlagenen Änderungen der UCoC-Durchsetzungsrichtlinien und der U4C-Charta&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Die Abstimmungsfrist für die Überarbeitung der Leitlinien zur Durchsetzung des Universellen Verhaltenskodex und der U4C-Charta endet am 1. Mai 2025 um 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 in Ihrer Zeitzone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Lesen Sie die Informationen zur Teilnahme und lesen Sie den Vorschlag vor der Abstimmung]] auf der UCoC-Seite im Meta-wiki.

Das [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] ist eine globale Gruppe, die sich für eine gerechte und einheitliche Umsetzung des UCoC einsetzt. Diese jährliche Überprüfung wurde vom U4C geplant und durchgeführt. Weitere Informationen und die Aufgaben des U4C finden Sie in der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Bitte teilen Sie diese Botschaft mit Mitgliedern Ihrer Community in Ihrer Sprache, sofern dies angemessen ist, damit auch sie teilnehmen können.

In Zusammenarbeit mit der U4C -- &lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 05:41, 29. avr 2025 (CEST)&lt;/div&gt;

== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:07, 6. matg 2025 (CEST)

== Proposal to enable the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in Romansh Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}} Romansh Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called &quot;Contribute&quot; to your Wikipedia.

The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia.

Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Romansh Wikipedia.

'''Who can access it'''

Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the &quot;Contribute&quot; icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to &quot;view contributions&quot; is also available to access the list of your contributions.

[[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]]                             [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]]

For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the &quot;Contributions&quot; option unless they change it to the &quot;Contribute&quot; manually.

We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the &quot;Contributions&quot; entry point as default.          

We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 26th May 2025.

We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in your Wikipedia.

We look forward to your response soon.

Thank you!

On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team.
[[Utilisader:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 06:59, 13. matg 2025 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|Discussiun]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:07, 16. matg 2025 (CEST)

== Join the 6th Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign – 2025 Edition ==

Dear Wikipedia community,

(''Please help translate to your language'')

We invite your community to participate in the 6th edition of the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign]], a global campaign taking place from July 1 to August 31, 2025.

Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable photo from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests ([[:m:Wiki Loves Africa|Wiki Loves Africa]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Earth|Wiki Loves Earth]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Monuments|Wiki Loves Monuments]], etc.) over the years.

More than 80 Wikimedia affiliates have participated since the campaign was launched in 2020 and have added images to more than 400,000 Wikipedia articles in over 245 Wikipedia languages. Thanks to the volunteer contributors!

We now invite your community to organize and lead the campaign within your community. As a local organizer, you may:

*Encourage individual members to take part by adding images to Wikipedia articles.
*Host edit-a-thons focused on improving visual content.
*Organize training workshops to teach contributors how to correctly integrate images into Wikipedia.

These activities will help build local capacity and increase visual content across Wikipedia.

Please note that for participants to be eligible to participate in the campaign, they need to have registered an account for at least a year before the official start date of the contest. That is, for the 2025  edition, they must have registered an account on or before July 1, 2025. The account can be from any Wikimedia project wikis.

The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language Wikipedia. 

We would be glad for you to [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|sign up directly]] at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|WPWP Participating Communities]]. 

With kind regards,

[[User:Reading Beans]]
On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025. [[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:53, 18. matg 2025 (CEST)

== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 17:27, 22. matg 2025 (CEST)
&lt;/div&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Auswahlverfahren 2025 für das Kuratorium der Wikimedia Foundation und Bitte um Fragen&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hallo allerseits!

In diesem Jahr wird das Mandat zweier (2) von der Community und den Affiliates gewählten Trustees im Kuratorium der Wikimedia Foundation enden [1]. Das Kuratorium lädt das gesamte Movement dazu ein, am diesjährigen Auswahlverfahren teilzunehmen und über die zwei offenen Sitze abzustimmen.

Das Wahlkomitee wird dieses Verfahren mit Unterstützung durch Angestellte der Foundation beaufsichtigen [2]. Das Governance-Komitee, bestehend aus Trustees, die im Auswahlprozess 2025 für Community und Affiliates nicht kandidieren (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina und Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], hat die Aufgabe, den Auswahlprozess 2025 für das Kuratorium zu beobachten und das Kuratorium laufend darüber zu informieren. Mehr zur Rolle des Wahlkomitees, des Kuratoriums und der Angestellten ist hier zu finden [4].

Das sind die wichtigsten geplanten Daten:

* 22. Mai – 5. Juni: Ankündigung (dieser Beitrag) und Fragephase [6]
* 17. Juni – 1. Juli 2025: Bewerbungsphase
* Juli 2025: Wenn es mehr als 10 Kandidaturen gibt, stimmen die Affiliates über eine Shortlist ab [5]
* August 2025: Kampagnenphase
* August–September 2025: Zweiwöchige Community-Abstimmungsphase
* Oktober–November 2025: Hintergrundüberprüfung ausgewählter Kandidierender
* Kuratoriumssitzung im Dezember 2025: Amtseinführung der neuen Trustees

Erfahre mehr über das Auswahlverfahren 2025 – einschließlich des detaillierten Zeitplans, des Kandidaturverfahrens, der Kampagnenregeln und der Wahlkriterien – auf dieser Seite im Meta-Wiki [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Fragephase'''

In jedem Auswahlverfahren hat die Community die Möglichkeit, den für das Kuratorium Kandidierenden Fragen zur Beantwortung vorzulegen. Das Wahlkomitee wählt aus der von der Community zusammengestellten Liste Fragen aus, die Kandidierende beantworten müssen. Kandidierende müssen alle Pflichtfragen beantworten, um zur Wahl antreten zu können, andernfalls wird die Kandidatur ausgeschlossen. In diesem Jahr wird das Wahlkomitee fünf Fragen an die Kandidierenden auswählen. Die ausgewählten Fragen können Communityvorschläge kombinieren, wenn sie ähnlich sind oder zusammenhängen. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Freiwillige Wahlhelfer:innen'''

Du kannst auch als freiwillige:r Wahlhelfer:in am Auswahlverfahren 2025 mitwirken. Freiwillige Wahlhelfer:innen bilden die Schnittstelle zwischen dem Wahlkomitee und ihrer jeweiligen Community. Sie helfen dabei, sicherzustellen, dass ihre Community vertreten ist, und diese zu mobilisieren. Erfahre auf dieser Seite im Meta-Wiki [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link]]] mehr über das Programm und darüber, wie du dich beteiligen kannst.

Danke!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Viele Grüße

Victoria Doronina

Kontaktperson des Kuratoriums für das Wahlkomitee

Governance-Komitee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:07, 28. matg 2025 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|Discussiun]]) 18:47, 29. matg 2025 (CEST)&lt;/bdi&gt;

== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:01, 14. zercl 2025 (CEST) &lt;/div&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Kuratorium der Wikimedia Foundation 2025 – Aufruf zur Kandidatur&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hallo allerseits!

Die [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|Kandidaturphase des Auswahlverfahrens für das Kuratorium der Wikimedia Foundation 2025 hat begonnen]] – sie läuft vom 17. Juni bis zum 2. Juli 2025 um 11:59 UTC [1]. Das Kuratorium beaufsichtigt die Arbeit der Wikimedia Foundation und alle Mitglieder des Kuratoriums (Trustees) haben eine dreijährige Amtszeit [2]. Es handelt sich um eine ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit.

Dieses Jahr wird die Wikimedia-Community von Ende August bis September 2025 über zwei (2) Sitze im Kuratorium der Foundation abstimmen. Bist du möglicherweise ein:e gute:r Kandidat:in - oder kennst du jemanden, der gut ins Kuratorium passen würde? [3]

Du kannst auf [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|dieser Seite im Meta-Wiki]] mehr darüber erfahren, worauf es bei einer Kandidatur für eine derartige Leitungsfunktion ankommt und wie du deine Kandidatur einreichst, oder jemand anderen dazu ermutigen, diesmal zu kandidieren.

Beste Grüße

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Vorsitzender des Wahlkomitees

Für das Wahlkomitee und das Governance-Komitee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:44, 17. zercl 2025 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Rückmeldungen zu Wikimedia-Projekten&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Liebe Wikimedia-Community!

[[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Das Komitee für Community-Angelegenheiten (CAC)]] des Kuratoriums der Wikimedia Foundation hat [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|die Taskforce für Schwesterprojekte (SPTF)]] beauftragt, ein Verfahren zur Bewertung des Lebenszyklus von Schwesterprojekten – [[m:Wikimedia projects|Wikiprojekten, die von der Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) unterstützt werden]] – zu aktualisieren und umzusetzen.

Eine Vision relevanten, zugänglichen und wirkungsvollen freien Wissens hat die Wikimedia-Bewegung immer angeleitet. Da sich das Ökosystem der Wikimedia-Projekte stetig weiterentwickelt, ist es entscheidend, dass wir die bestehenden Projekte regelmäßig überprüfen, um sicherzustellen, dass sie noch immer unseren Zielen und den Kapazitäten der Community entsprechen.

Einige Projekte können möglicherweise – trotz der besten Absichten – ihren ursprünglichen Zweck nicht mehr effektiv erfüllen. '''Die Überprüfung solcher Projekte bedeutet nicht, dass wir aufgeben – es geht darum, mit den gemeinsamen Ressourcen verantwortungsvoll umzugehen'''. Die Zeit der Freiwilligen, die Unterstützung durch Angestellte, die Infrastruktur und die Aufmerksamkeit der Community sind endlich, und die nichttechnischen Kosten steigen erheblich, da unser Ökosystem in ein anderes Internetzeitalter eingetreten ist als das, in dem wir gegründet wurden. Die Unterstützung inaktiver Projekte oder von Projekten, die unseren Ambitionen nicht gerecht werden konnten, kann diese Ressourcen ungewollt Bereichen mit größerer potenzieller Wirkung entziehen.

Außerdem birgt die Weiterführung von Projekten, die nicht mehr die Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit des Wikimedia-Namens widerspiegeln, ein Reputationsrisiko. Ein verlassenes oder weniger zuverlässiges Projekt beeinträchtigt das Vertrauen in die Wikimedia-Bewegung.

Schließlich '''kann es schwieriger werden, neue Projekte zu starten, wenn man Projekte, die nicht mehr funktionieren, nicht auslaufen lässt oder grundlegend erneuert'''. Wenn sich die Community an jede Entscheidung der Vergangenheit gebunden fühlt – egal wie veraltet – riskieren wir Stagnation. Ein gesundes Ökosystem muss Raum für Weiterentwicklung, Anpassung und – bei Bedarf – auch Schließung bieten. Wenn wir die Erwartung schaffen, dass jedes Projekt ewig existieren muss, schränken wir unsere Fähigkeit, zu experimentieren und zu erneuern, empfindlich ein.

Aus diesem Grund hat die SPTF zwei Anfragen zum Lebenszyklus der Schwesterprojekte bearbeitet, um den Überprüfungsprozess durchzugehen und zu illustrieren. Wir haben Wikispore als Fallstudie für die mögliche Eröffnung eines neuen Schwesterprojekts und Wikinews als Fallstudie zur Überprüfung eines bestehenden Projekts gewählt. Die vorläufigen Ergebnisse wurden auf der Sitzung des CAC am 11. September 2024 diskutiert und das CAC empfahl eine Communitydiskussion zu beiden Vorschlägen.

=== Wikispore ===

Der Antrag, [[m:Wikispore|Wikispore als neues Schwesterprojekt in Betracht zu ziehen]], wurde 2019 eingereicht. SPTF beschloss, diese Anfrage gründlicher zu überprüfen, da Wikispore sich nicht – wie die meisten vorgeschlagenen Schwesterprojekte – auf ein bestimmtes Thema konzentriert, sondern das Potenzial hat, mehrere neue Schwesterprojekte zu fördern.

Nach sorgfältiger Überlegung hat die SPTF beschlossen, Wikispore '''nicht als Wikimedia-Schwesterprojekt zu empfehlen'''. Die derzeitige Situation ermöglicht angesichts des aktuellen Aktivitätsniveaus '''mehr Flexibilität''' und Experimentierung, während die WMF die zentrale Infrastruktur bereitstellt. 

Wir sehen das Potenzial der Initiative und fragen die Community um Ideen dazu, was ein ausreichendes Maß an Aktivität darstellen würde, um den Status von Wikispore in Zukunft zu überdenken.

Im Rahmen des Verfahrens haben wir die Entscheidung der Wikispore-Community mitgeteilt und einen führenden Vertreter, Pharos, zu einem SPTF-Treffen eingeladen.

Momentan bitten wir insbesondere um Rückmeldungen zu messbaren Kriterien, die die Bereitschaft des Projekts anzeigen, wie die Anzahl der Beiträge, den inhaltlichen Umfang und die nachhaltige Unterstützung der Community. Dies würde die Kriterien für die Eröffnung eines neuen Schwesterprojekts, einschließlich einer möglichen erneuten Bewerbung von Wikispore, verdeutlichen. Die Zahlen werden jedoch immer ein Leitfaden sein, denn jede Zahl kann manipuliert werden.

=== Wikinews ===

Von den bestehenden Schwesterprojekten haben wir uns entschieden, Wikinews zu überprüfen, weil wir für dieses Projekt die meisten Bedenken wahrgenommen haben.

Seit die SPTF 2023 gegründet wurde, haben ihre Mitglieder während Konferenzen und Communitygesprächen nach den Meinungen der Community über Schwesterprojekte gefragt, die den Erwartungen der Wikimedia-Bewegung nicht gerecht wurden.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews führte die Liste an, auch weil Personen aus mehreren Sprachcommunitys das Projekt vorgeschlagen hatten. Außerdem war es nach den meisten Maßstäben das am wenigsten aktive Schwesterprojekt sowie jenes mit dem größten Rückgang an Aktivität im Laufe der Jahre.

Auch wenn das Sprachkomitee regelmäßig Sprachversionen von Schwesterprojekten in kleinen Sprachen eröffnet oder schließt, gab es noch nie einen gültigen Antrag, Wikipedia in großen Sprachen oder ein Projekt auf Englisch zu schließen. Anders Wikinews, für das es einen Antrag gab, die englischsprachige Version zu schließen, der länger diskutiert wurde, aber zu keinen weiteren Schritten führte,[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, siehe Abschnitt 5] sowie einen Antragsentwurf für die Schließung sämtlicher Sprachversionen[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Die von WMF-Mitarbeitenden zusammengestellten Metriken]] untermauern die Bedenken der Community bezüglich Wikinews.

Auf Grundlage dieses Berichts empfiehlt die SPTF eine Neubewertung von Wikinews durch die Community. Wir erkennen, dass das aktuelle Aktivitätsniveau das niedrigste der bestehenden Schwesterprojekte ist. Die SPTF empfiehlt außerdem, die Eröffnung neuer Sprachversionen während der Beratungsphase auszusetzen.

SPTF legt diese Analyse zur Diskussion vor und begrüßt Diskussionen über alternative Ergebnisse, einschließlich potenzieller Umstrukturierungen oder Einbindungen in andere Wikimedia-Initiativen.

Die bisher genannten '''Optionen''' (die nur auf Sprachversionen mit geringer Aktivität oder auf alle Sprachversionen angewendet werden können) sind unter anderem:

* Restrukturierung der Funktionsweise von Wikinews und seiner Verknüpfung mit anderen Initiativen zu aktuellen Ereignissen in den Projekten,
* Verschiebung der Wikinews-Inhalte in die zugehörige Wikipedia-Sprachversion, möglicherweise in einen neuen Namensraum,
* Verschiebung der Inhalte in externe Projekte mit kompatiblen Lizenzen,
* Archivierung der Wikinews-Projekte.

Deine Ideen und Perspektiven sind für die Gestaltung der Zukunft dieser Projekte von unschätzbarem Wert. Wir laden alle interessierten Communitymitglieder ein, ihre Gedanken auf den entsprechenden Diskussionsseiten oder über andere vorgesehene Kanäle zu teilen.

&lt;span id=&quot;Feedback_and_next_steps&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
=== Rückmeldungen und nächste Schritte ===

Wir wären dankbar, wenn du an einem Gespräch über die Zukunft dieser Projekte und den Überprüfungsprozess teilnehmen möchtest. Wir erstellen zwei verschiedene Projektseiten: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] und [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Bitte nimm zwischen 27. Juni und 27 Juli. teil; anschließend werden wir die Diskussion für die weiteren Schritte zusammenfassen. Du kannst in deiner eigenen Sprache schreiben.

Ich werde außerdem am Mittwoch, den 16. Juli um 11:00 UTC und am Donnerstag, den 17. Juli um 17:00 UTC eine Community-Videokonferenz veranstalten und während der Wikimania für weitere Gespräche zur Verfügung stehen. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 22:57, 27. zercl 2025 (CEST)

== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:45, 14. fan 2025 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration zu Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Lies dies in einer anderen Sprache]]&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-translate-fuzzy&quot;&gt;
Hallo zusammen! Ich freue mich, euch mitteilen zu können, dass als nächster Schritt des Projekts [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser-Vereinheitlichung]] Parsoid bald als Standard-Renderer für Artikel in deinem wiki aktiviert wird. Wir erhöhen schrittweise die Anzahl der Wikis, die Parsoid verwenden, mit der Absicht, es zum Standard-Wikitext-Parser für die nächste langfristig unterstützte Version von MediaWiki zu machen. Dadurch werden unsere Wikis für Autoren, Leser und Tools zuverlässiger und konsistenter und die Entwicklung zukünftiger Wikitext-Funktionen wird einfacher.
&lt;/div&gt;

Wenn dies deinen Arbeitsablauf stört, mache dir keine Sorgen! Du kannst dies immer noch über eine Benutzereinstellung deaktivieren oder Parsoid auf der aktuellen Seite über das Werkzeuge-Untermenü deaktivieren, wie in der Dokumentation zur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Erweiterung:ParserMigration]] beschrieben.

Es stehen [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|weitere Informationen zu unserer Einführungsstrategie]] zur Verfügung, einschließlich der Tests, die durchgeführt werden, bevor wir Parsoid für ein neues Wiki aktivieren.

Um Fehler und Probleme zu melden, sieh dir bitte unsere Dokumentation zu [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|bekannten Problemen]] an und wenn du einen neuen Fehler findest, erstelle bitte ein Phab-Ticket und markiere das [[phab:project/view/5846|Team Content Transform im Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt;  23:36, 25. fan 2025 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:36, 26. avu 2025 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Nutze dein Mitspracherecht: Stimm über das Kuratorium 2025 ab!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hallo allerseits,

die Abstimmungsphase der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|Wahl zum Kuratorium 2025]] ist jetzt eröffnet. Die Kandidierenden bewerben sich um zwei (2) Sitze im Kuratorium.

Um deine Wahlberechtigung zu prüfen, gehe bitte zur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|entsprechenden Informationsseite]].

Erfahre durch [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|ihre Bewerbungstexte und Kandidaturvideos]] mehr über die Kandidierenden.

Wenn du so weit bist, gehe zur [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll-Wahlseite, um abzustimmen]].

'''Die Abstimmungsphase läuft vom 8. Oktober um 00:00 UTC bis zum 22. Oktober um 23:59 UTC.'''

Beste Grüße

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Vorsitzender des Wahlkomitees&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:48, 9. oct 2025 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Hilf uns, den Namen des neuen Projekts der Abstrakten Wikipedia zu bestimmen&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}! Bitte hilf mit, einen Namen für das neue Wiki-Projekt der Abstrakten Wikipedia zu finden. Dieses Projekt wird ein Wiki sein, das es Benutzern ermöglicht, Funktionen aus [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] und Daten aus Wikidata zu kombinieren, um Sätze in natürlicher Sprache in allen unterstützten Sprachen zu generieren. Diese Sätze können dann von jeder Wikipedia (oder anderswo) verwendet werden.

Es wird zwei Abstimmungsrunden geben, denen jeweils eine rechtliche Überprüfung der Kandidaten folgt. Die Abstimmungen beginnen am 20. Oktober und 17. November 2025. Unser Ziel ist es, Mitte Dezember 2025 einen endgültigen Projektnamen auszuwählen. Wenn du teilnehmen möchtest, dann '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|erfahre mehr im Meta-Wiki und stimme jetzt ab]]'''.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:43, 20. oct 2025 (CEST)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Suche nach Freiwilligen für mehrere Komitees der Wikimedia-Bewegung&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Jedes Jahr, in der Regel von Oktober bis Dezember, suchen mehrere Komitees der Wikimedia-Bewegung nach neuen Freiwilligen. 

Erfahre mehr über die Komitees auf den jeweiligen Seiten im Meta-Wiki:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations-Komitee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombudskommission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Fallprüfungskomitee (CRC)]]

Die Bewerbungsphase für die Komitees startet am 30. Oktober 2025. Sie endet für das Affiliations-Komitee am 11. Dezember 2025 und für die Ombudskommission sowie das Fallprüfungskomitee am 11. Dezember 2025. Erfahre, wie du dich bewirbst, indem du [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|die Ernennungsseite im Meta-Wiki besuchst]]. Bitte melde dich mit etwaigen Fragen auf der Diskussionsseite oder über E-Mail an [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org].

Für das Komitee-Unterstützungsteam
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 15:13, 30. oct 2025 (CET)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Erinnerung: Hilf uns, den Namen des neuen Projekts der Abstrakten Wikipedia zu bestimmen&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}! Erinnerung: Bitte hilf mit, den Namen für das neue Wiki-Projekt der Abstrakten Wikipedia zu wählen. Die Abstimmung über die Finalisten beginnt heute. Die Finalisten für den Namen sind: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. Wenn du teilnehmen möchtest, dann '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|erfahre mehr im Meta-Wiki und stimme jetzt ab]]'''.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:22, 20. nov 2025 (CET)

== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:21, 18. schan 2026 (CET)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Jährliche Überprüfung des Universal Code of Conduct und der Durchsetzungsrichtlinien&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Ich möchte euch gerne darüber informieren, dass die jährliche Überprüfungsphase für den Universal Code of Conduct und die Durchsetzungsrichtlinien nun begonnen hat. Ihr könnt bis zum 9. Februar 2026 Änderungsvorschläge einreichen. Dies ist der erste von mehreren Teilschritten, die im Rahmen der jährlichen Überprüfung unternommen werden. Weitere Informationen und eine Diskussion, an der ihr teilnehmen könnt, finden sich auf der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|UCoC-Seite auf Meta]].

Das [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) ist eine globale Gruppe, die sich für eine gerechte und einheitliche Umsetzung des UCoC einsetzt. Diese jährliche Überprüfung wird vom U4C geplant und durchgeführt. Weitere Informationen und die Aufgaben des U4C findet ihr in der [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C-Satzung]].

Bitte leitet diese Informationen an andere Mitglieder aus eurer Community weiter, wo immer dies angemessen ist.

-- In Zusammenarbeit mit dem U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|Diskussion]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

22:01, 19. schan 2026 (CET)

== Einzelnachweise mit unterschiedlichen Details wiederverwenden ==
[[File:Sub-referencing re-use + RefPreview (German).png|thumb|Subreferenzierung: Beispiel]]
Hi, ich bin Johannes von Wikimedia Deutschland’s [[:de:Wikipedia:Technische Wünsche|Technische-Wünsche-Team]]. Bitte lasst mich wissen, wenn euch eine englischsprachige Nachricht lieber wäre.

Vor vier Monaten haben wir in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia '''[[:de:Wikipedia:Technische Wünsche/Topwünsche/Subreferenzierung|Subreferenzierung]]''' bereitgestellt, eine neue Funktion, um Einzelnachweise mit unterschiedlichen Details leichter wiederzuverwenden. Nun bringen wir die Funktion in weitere Wikipedia-Sprachversionen.

'''Was bedeutet das?'''

Künftig werden euch in Wikipedia-Artikeln Fußnoten im Stil [1.1] begegnen, wenn eine Quelle mehrfach, aber mit unterschiedlichen Details (z.B. unterschiedlichen Seitenzahlen) verwendet wird. Damit setzen wir eine [[:de:Wikipedia:Technische Wünsche/Topwünsche/Subreferenzierung/Historie und Recherche|langjährigen Wunsch der deutschsprachigen und internationalen Community-Wunschliste]] um. In vielen Wikipediaartikeln gibt es Einzelnachweise, die sich fast identisch wiederholen, aber sich durch Details wie die Seitenzahl unterscheiden. Das führt zu unübersichtlichen Einzelnachweislisten, die Lesenden Zeit kosten, wenn sie erfassen möchten, wie viele unterschiedliche Quellen eigentlich genutzt werden. Und anders als bei [[:de:Hilfe:Einzelnachweise#Mehrfache Referenzierung derselben Quelle|identischer Wiederverwendung]] musste man bei [[:de:Hilfe:Einzelnachweise#Mehrfache Referenzierung desselben Werks mit verschiedenen Details|Einzelnachweisen mit unterschiedlichen Details]] bisher die vollständige Angabe duplizieren, was zu längerem Wikitext führt und gerade im VisualEditor auch zu mehr Zeitaufwand.

Nun führen wir zur Lösung dieser Probleme mit [[:de:Wikipedia:Technische Wünsche/Topwünsche/Subreferenzierung|Subreferenzierung]] eine an &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ref name=&quot;...&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; angelehnte [[:de:Wikipedia:Technische Wünsche/Topwünsche/Subreferenzierung#Wikitext|Wikitextfunktion]] ein (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;details=&quot;...&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;). [[:de:Wikipedia:Technische Wünsche/Topwünsche/Subreferenzierung#VisualEditor|Im VisualEditor]] gibt es dafür einen „Details hinzufügen“-Button. [[:de:Wikipedia:Technische Wünsche/Topwünsche/Subreferenzierung|Auf unserer Projektseite]] findet ihr eine detaillierte Anleitung. Wie die Einführung in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia gelaufen ist, könnt ihr [[:de:Wikipedia:Technische Wünsche/Topwünsche/Subreferenzierung/Erkenntnisse|in unserem Bericht]] nachlesen, dort finden sich auch [[:de:Wikipedia:Technische Wünsche/Topwünsche/Subreferenzierung/Erkenntnisse#Welche Arten von Details werden mit Subreferenzen ergänzt?|Beispiele verschiedener Subreferenzen]].

'''Wann geht es los?'''

Voraussichtlich am 17. Februar wollen wir Subreferenzierung hier aktivieren. Bitte lasst uns wissen, wenn ihr Fragen habt. Wir freuen uns über euer Feedback zur neuen Funktion, wahlweise auf [[:de:Wikipedia Diskussion:Technische Wünsche/Topwünsche/Subreferenzierung|unserer Diskussionsseite]], [[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|meiner Benutzerdisk]] oder einfach als Antwort auf meinen Beitrag hier. 

Herzliche Grüße vom Technische-Wünsche-Team --[[Utilisader:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 15:29, 3. favr 2026 (CET)

:Seit heute Nachmittag ist Subreferenzierung in der rmwiki verfügbar. Wir freuen uns über Feedback und Verbesserungsvorschläge, meldet euch natürlich auch, sofern es zu Problemen kommen sollte. Einige nächste Schritte haben wir [[:de:Wikipedia:Technische Wünsche/Topwünsche/Subreferenzierung/Erkenntnisse#Weitere Implementierung und nächste Schritte|hier genannt]], beispielsweise überlegen wir, wie wir die Lesendenansicht verbessern können, wenn Artikel sehr viele Subreferenzen nutzen. Mehr zur Wiederverwendung von Einzelnachweisen mit unterschiedlichen Details im VisualEditor und Wikitext erfahrt ihr [[:de:Wikipedia:Technische Wünsche/Topwünsche/Subreferenzierung|auf unserer Projektseite]].
::
:Ein paar Anregungen: Wir nutzen eine [[Special:TrackingCategories|Wartungskategorie]] für Artikel mit Subreferenzen. Den Namen könnt ihr via [[MediaWiki:Cite-tracking-category-ref-details]] anpassen. Ggf. wollt ihr die Kategorieseite erstellen (aktuell [[:Kategorie:Seiten, die Subreferenzen verwenden]]) und mit &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__HIDDENCAT__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; versehen, damit sie nicht allen Lesenden angezeigt wird (siehe [[:d:Q129764848]]).
::
:Außerdem könntet ihr [[MediaWiki:Cite-ve-dialog-subreference-help-dialog-link]] und [[MediaWiki:Cite-ve-dialog-subreference-help-dialog-link-ve]] lokal überschreiben, um auf die Projektseite in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia zu verlinken, falls das für alle rmwiki-User die bessere Anlaufstelle sein sollte. Siehe [[:de:MediaWiki:Cite-ve-dialog-subreference-help-dialog-link]] und [[:de:MediaWiki:Cite-ve-dialog-subreference-help-dialog-link-ve]] als Kopiervorlage.
::
:Eure Rückmeldungen könnt ihr einfach als Antwort auf diesen Post, auf meiner Benutzerdisk oder auf der [[:de:Wikipedia Diskussion:Technische Wünsche/Topwünsche/Subreferenzierung|Diskussionsseite zum Projekt]] hinterlassen. Viele Grüße [[Utilisader:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 20:19, 24. favr 2026 (CET)

== Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]].

We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community.
* Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently &lt;code&gt;&quot;:n&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;code&gt;&quot;:0&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;&quot;:1&quot;&lt;/code&gt;...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&quot;book_reference-1&quot;&lt;/code&gt;).
* Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name.
* Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation).
* Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. &quot;title&quot; or &quot;last&quot;+&quot;first&quot;) – defined by the community.

=== Feedback ===
[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]].

'''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism.
We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic.

Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings.

Thank you for participating!&lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Discussiun]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 12:15, 19. mars 2026 (CET)

== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Utilisader:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Utilisader discussiun:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:09, 3. avr 2026 (CEST)</text>
      <sha1>0fhiucbr21oq9ea9jkg8x9ul2e4azwc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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    <title>Holocaust</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="162478" sha1="atuc8j2szax904lytwyxquc5tlnq3n2" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Selection_Birkenau_ramp.jpg|thumb|260px|Selecziun da Gidieus ungarais en il Champ d’exterminaziun Auschwitz-Birkenau (matg/zercladur 1944)]]
Il '''holocaust''' (dal grec vegl ὁλόκαυστος ''holókaustos'' ‹brischà dal tuttafatg›), er schoa (da l’ebreic הַשּׁוֹאָה ''ha'Schoah'' per ‹la catastrofa›, ‹la gronda disgrazia/sventira›), è stà il genocid [[Temp dal naziunalsocialissem|naziunalsocialistic]] ch’ha cumpiglià 5,6 fin 6,3 milliuns [[Gidieus]] europeics. Tudestgs e lur gidanters al han realisà ils onns 1941 fin 1945 a moda sistematica ed a partir dal 1942 er cun metodas industrialas. La finamira era d’exterminar tut ils Gidieus en la sfera d’influenza tudestga. Quest crim cunter l’umanitad sa basava sin l’antisemitissem che vegniva propagà da vart statala e sin la legislaziun rassistica correspundenta dal reschim naziunalsocialistic. La decisiun definitiva da vulair mazzar tut ils Gidieus è crudada en stretg connex cun la guerra d’extirpaziun cunter l’[[Uniun sovietica]] a partir da la stad 1941.

== Denominaziuns ==
[[Datoteca:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png|thumb|250px|Champs da concentraziun resp. d’exterminaziun e ghettos]]
Ils naziunalsocialists numnavan lur finamira da vulair bandischar tut ils Gidieus da l’[[Europa]] a partir dal 1940 uffizialmain ‹soluziun finala da la dumonda dals Gidieus› (‹Endlösung der Judenfrage›). Dapi il 1941 als serviva quest’expressiun a camuflar lur mazzaments da Gidieus sistematics. 

La denominaziun ch’è usitada oz, ‹holocaust›, muntava oriundamain en in context sacral gidieu-cristian in animal unfrì sin in altar ch’era brischà dal tuttafatg (sco adjectiv grec vegl ὁλόκαυστον ''holókauston''). Dapi ca. l’onn 1600 vegn il term englais ‹holocaust› er duvrà per morts sin il stgandler, dapi ca. il 1800 er per mazzacras e dapi ca. l’onn 1895 er per mazzacras etnicas sco il genocid envers ils Armens da pli tard. Il 1914 al ha la pressa britannica duvrà per designar la destrucziun da la citad beltga [[Leuven]] durant l’[[Emprima Guerra mundiala]]. En connex cun il plan dad [[Adolf Hitler]] da vulair extirpar tut ils Gidieus è il pled vegnì applitgà l’emprima giada il december 1942 da la gasetta dal di britannica ‹News Chronicle›, quai però anc senza avair enconuschientscha da las metodas d’extirpaziun dals naziunalsocialists. Fin il 1972 è il term s’etablì en l’istoriografia dals [[Stadis Unids]] ed a partir da la fin dals onns 1970 è el sa derasà en blers auters pajais, tranter auter er en l’[[Europa Centrala]] (p.ex. entras la seria televisiva ‹Holocaust – Die Geschichte der Familie Weiss›). Dapi lura vegn la noziun per ordinari duvrada sulettamain en connex l’extirpaziun sistematica dals Gidieus europeics durant la [[Segunda Guerra mundiala]]. Magari includa il term er il porajmos, il holocaust dals Roma, vul dir il genocid envers plirs tschientmillis Roma, ils ‹zagrenders› ch’ils naziunalsocialists avevan medemamain declerà sco «razza estra inferiura» e vulevan extirpar.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 116.&lt;/ref&gt; Be darar vegn il term ‹holocaust› applitgà sin l’entira politica d’extirpaziun naziunalsocialistica.

La denominaziun da l’extincziun dals Gidieus sco ‹holocaust› è savens vegnida descritta sco problematica; quai pervi da la derivanza dal pled or dal cult d’unfrenda religius e perquai ch’el ha gia baud fatg part da l’antigiudaissem cristian.&lt;ref&gt;Ulrich Wyrwa: ''‹Holocaust›. Notizen zur Begriffsgeschichte.'' En: ''Jahrbuch für Antisemitismusforschung'' 8 (1999), p. 300–311.&lt;/ref&gt; En l’[[Israel]] ed entaifer il giudaissem vegn il crim numnà dapi il 1948 ‹schoa›. Quest term munta ‹destrucziun, devastaziun› e designescha in eveniment catastrofal che pertutga tut ils Gidieus, tuttina sco che quai era stà il cas tar las duas destrucziuns dal tempel da Jerusalem ils onns 586&amp;nbsp;a.C. e 70&amp;nbsp;s.C.&lt;ref&gt;James E. Young: ''Die Namen des Holocaust.'' En: James E. Young: ''Beschreiben des Holocaust. Darstellung und Folgen der Interpretation.'' Francfurt a.M. 1992, p. 139–163.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Preistorgia == 
Tar las premissas istoricas dal holocaust tutga surtut l’antisemitissem modern ch’è sa furmà en l’Europa a partir da ca. l’onn 1870; quel aveva ina lunga preistorgia en l’antigiudaissem cristian. Il naziunalsocialissem da sia vart è sa furmà e sa sviluppà surtut pervi da l’[[Emprima Guerra mundiala]] (1914–1918) e la [[Crisa economica mundiala]] dals onns 1929–1932.

=== Finamiras dal naziunalsocialissem ===
La [[NSDAP]] ch’è vegnida fundada il 1919 persequitava cun ses program da 25 puncts la finamira d’excluder e stgatschar ils Gidieus or d’ina naziun tudestga a gronda dimensiun concepida tenor il princip dal manader politic (Führerstaat).

[[Adolf Hitler]] aveva gia declerà il settember 1919, anc avant ch’el è daventà commember da la partida, l’«allontanaziun» dals Gidieus tudestgs sco finamira politica indispensabla d’in tal stadi. En sia scrittira programmatica da duas parts ‹Mein Kampf› (1925/1926) sco er en si’ovra nunpublitgada ‹Zweites Buch› (1928) ha el explitgà ses antisemitissem da razza, sustegnì l’idea d’execuziuns en massa en cas d’ina nova guerra mundiala e declerà l’extincziun dal «bolschevissem gidieu» sco finamira principala da la politica da l’exteriur naziunalsocialistica. Cun quai manegiava el da vulair conquistar cun la forza da las armas l’Uniun sovietica che vegniva dominada d’in «giudaissem mundial» apparent e da germanisar silsuenter quest territori tras translocaziuns en massa e mazzaments en massa.

L’«antisemitissem da salvament» (Saul Friedländer&lt;ref&gt;Saul Friedländer: ''Das Dritte Reich und die Juden: Die Jahre der Verfolgung 1933–1939.'' Minca 2000, p. 87–128.&lt;/ref&gt;) consistent e fanatic da Hitler e da ses aderents vala sco cundiziun centrala, ma betg sco premissa suletta e suffizienta per explitgar il holocaust.&lt;ref&gt;Yaacov Lozowick: ''Hitlers Bürokraten. Eichmann, seine willigen Vollstrecker und die Banalität des Bösen.'' Pendo, Turitg 2000, p. 85.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Persecuziun dals Gidieus en il Reich tudestg 1933–1939 ===
[[Datoteca:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14469,_Berlin,_Boykott-Posten_vor_jüdischem_Warenhaus.jpg|thumb|220px|Boicot da butias gidieuas a Berlin (avrigl 1933)]]
Fin l’onn 1941 han ils naziunalsocialists tschertgà da stgatschar ed expropriar ils Gidieus tudestgs. Immediat suenter che Hitler è arrivà a la pussanza ils 30 da schaner 1933, han la NSDAP e sias sutorganisaziuns SA, SS, NSDStB e Giuventetgna da Hitler cumenzà cun acts da violenza cunter Gidieus; per part èn quels succedids a moda betg planisada, per part a moda organisada. Ina ‹politica da Gidieus› è pir sa sviluppada sco reacziun sin quai.&lt;ref&gt;Heinz Höhne: ''«Gebt mir vier Jahre Zeit». Hitler und die Anfänge des Dritten Reiches.'' Ullstein, Berlin 1996, p. 96–116; Hans-Ulrich Wehler: ''Deutsche Gesellschaftsgeschichte'', tom 4: ''Vom Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges bis zur Gründung der beiden deutschen Staaten 1914–1949.'' Beck, Minca 2003, p. 653; Hans Mommsen: ''Das NS-Regime und die Auslöschung des Judentums in Europa''. Wallstein, Göttingen 2014, p. 37–43.&lt;/ref&gt; Impurtantas staziuns han furmà il «boicot dals Gidieus» dal prim d’avrigl 1933 e la Lescha per restabilir il status da professiun dals funcziunaris dals 7 d’avrigl 1933; quest’ultima preveseva da relaschar tut ils funcziunaris «betg arics» ed ha introducì uschia per l’emprima giada in criteri da razza en ina lescha statala. Sinaquai èn ils Gidieus vegnids exclus successivamain da las federaziuns professiunalas, da las interpresas, da las uniuns, da las scolas e da la vita culturala. Questa politica ha cuntinuà cun numerusas ulteriuras leschas ed ordinaziuns antigiudaicas ed è vegnida rinforzada pass per pass fin il 1945. Medemamain il 1933 han ins cumenzà ad endrizzar champs da concentraziun (Konzentrationslager, KZ), per ordinari sut l’egida da la SA. L’emprim han ins mess en fermanza adversaris politics. Il Champ da concentraziun Dachau che vegniva manà da la SS dueva alura daventar il model per ils champs da lavur e d’exterminaziun da pli tard ch’avevan en mira explicitamain ils Gidieus ed autras gruppas che vegnivan persequitadas per motivs da razza. Laschar murir da la fom, tortura e mazzaments arbitrars tutgavan gia en ils emprims champs da concentraziun tar il mintgadi. Praschuniers gidieus vegnivan schicanads là da l’entschatta ennà ed avevan la pli auta rata da mortoris. Ils 12 d’avrigl 1933 han ins mazzà a Dachau l’emprima giada er Gidieus, p.ex. [[Rudolf Benario]]; in mez onn pli tard è il mazzament da praschuniers da champs da concentraziun vegnì legalisà en furma da l’uschenumnada obligaziun da la guardia (Postenpflicht).

La stad 1935 ha la basa da partida da la NSDAP organisà danovamain acziuns da boicot. Sinaquai ha il reschim naziunalsocialistic relaschà il settember en tutta prescha las Leschas da Nürnberg, las qualas han restrenschì massivamain ils dretgs da burgais dals Gidieus tudestgs. «Gidieus cumplains» e «mez Gidieus» han ins definì en ordinaziuns ch’èn vegnidas furnidas pli tard. Betg Gidieus che maridavan in Gidieu resp. ina Gidieua u che sa convertivan a la religiun gidieua vegnivan declerads independentamain da lur provegnientscha sco «Gidieus d’intenziun». Ils onns 1936 e 1937 n’ha Hitler strusch discurrì da Gidieus e n’ha mess ad ir naginas novas mesiras per lur expulsiun definitiva.&lt;ref&gt;Ian Kershaw: ''Der NS-Staat.'' Hamburg 1999, p. 171.&lt;/ref&gt; Ma ils 30 da november 1937 duai el – tenor Goebbels – avair confermà: «Ils Gidieus ston davent or da la Germania, gea or da l’entira Europa.» Quai vegnia anc a durar in temp, ma el saja «fermamain decis» da realisar quai.&lt;ref&gt;''Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels'', part 2/tom 3, 30 da november 1937, p. 351.&lt;/ref&gt; Il 1938, ensemen cun l’armament e la preparaziun da la guerra, ha il reschim naziunalsocialistic danovamain rinforzà la persecuziun dals Gidieus. Uschia han els per exempel stuì surpigliar «tipics» prenums e nums da famiglia gidieus (il schaner), èn vegnids spogliads en massa suenter l’annexiun da l’Austria (mars), han stuì annunziar lur entira facultad (avrigl), n’han retschet pli naginas incumbensas ed approvaziuns statalas (settember). Percunter è vegnì introducì l’october in bul dals Gidieus; quel han ins giustifitgà cun mesiras a l’exteriur cunter emigrants gidieus. Gidieus senza nums tipics han stuì surpigliar l’avust 1938 supplementarmain tar dunnas il num ‹Sara› e tar umens il num ‹Israel›.

Ils 27 d’october 1938 han ins deportà cun la forza radund 15&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus da la [[Germania]] en la [[Pologna]]. Il fatg ch’in dals pertutgads ha assassinà in diplomat tudestg, ha servì sco pretext bainvegnì per ils pogroms ch’han gì lieu il november 1938 en l’entir pajais. Durant quels èn vegnidas per la vita 400 persunas, destruidas 1400 sinagogas, auters lieus da reuniun e santeris ed internads fin a 36&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus en champs da concentraziun. Ils 12 da november han ins decretà ina «paina dals Gidieus» ch’ha statuì che las unfrendas stoppian star bun per las destrucziuns. Ulteriuras ordinaziuns ch’han sclaus ils Gidieus da l’economia e cun las qualas ins ha disponì da la facultad gidieua han accelerà l’«arisaziun» statala. Las mesiras dal reschim naziunalsocialistic han er stgaffì senza in plan cumplessiv las premissas administrativas essenzialas che duevan pussibilitar il holocaust: tranter auter la definiziun da la noziun ‹Gidieu› en la lescha, l’expropriaziun sco er la concentraziun dals Gidieus en secturs d’abitar separads.&lt;ref&gt;Raul Hilberg: ''Die Vernichtung der europäischen Juden'', tom 1. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1990, ISBN 3-596-24417-X, p. 56s.&lt;/ref&gt; La persecuziun naziunalsocialistica ed il mazzament dals Gidieus vegnan perquai descrits sco elements d’ina politica d’extirpaziun entretschads a moda inseparabla.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Longerich: ''Politik der Vernichtung: Eine Gesamtdarstellung der nationalsozialistischen Judenverfolgung'', ISBN 3-492-03755-0, p. 16.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Da 510&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus tudestgs ch’appartegnevan il 1933 a la cuminanza israelita èn emigrads fin l’entschatta da la guerra il settember 1939 278&amp;nbsp;000 fin 315&amp;nbsp;000; fin il 1940 èn anc fugids ulteriurs 15&amp;nbsp;000.&lt;ref name=&quot;schlussbericht-historikerkommission-S228&quot;&gt;Österreichische Historikerkommission: ''Schlussbericht der Historikerkommission der Republik Österreich.'' Tom 1. Oldenbourg Verlag, Vienna 2003, p. 291–293; Wolfgang Benz: ''Geschichte des Dritten Reiches.'' Beck, Minca 2000, p. 228.&lt;/ref&gt; L’october 1941 ha la regenza naziunalsocialistica proclamà in scumond d’emigraziun per Gidieus.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stengel2007&quot;&gt;Gerd Blumberg, ''Flucht deutscher Juden über die Grenze''. En: Katharina Stengel: ''Vor der Vernichtung: die staatliche Enteignung der Juden im Nationalsozialismus''. Campus Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-593-38371-2, p. 94–113, qua p. 105.&lt;/ref&gt; Dals Gidieus che vivevan en lètgs maschadadas u ch’eran sa zuppads entaifer il territori dal Reich èn 10&amp;nbsp;000 fin 15&amp;nbsp;000 mitschads dal holocaust. Fin a 195&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus tudestgs èn vegnids per la vita en champs da concentraziun. Var 6000 han survivì la praschunia. Dals radund 200&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus austriacs èn ca. 65&amp;nbsp;600 vegnids mazzads durant il domini naziunalsocialistic; als auters èsi reussì da fugir suenter l’annexiun dal pajais resp. suenter l’entschatta da la guerra.&lt;ref name=&quot;schlussbericht-historikerkommission-S228&quot;/&gt;

== Acziuns precedentas e decurs dal holocaust ==
=== Escalaziun ===
[[Datoteca:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R98680,_Besprechung_Himmler_mit_Müller,_Heydrich,_Nebe,_Huber.jpg|thumb|220px|Heinrich Himmler (entamez) cun Reinhard Heydrich (dretg dad el) ed auters cumandants da la SS, 27 da november 1939]]
Sco ‹holocaust› u ‹genocid envers ils Gidieus› designescha la perscrutaziun il process d’extirpaziun dal temp da la [[Segunda Guerra mundiala]] che tanscha da las execuziuns en massa decretadas en l’Europa da l’Ost fin a la gasatura sistematica da Gidieus derivants da tut ils territoris europeics occupads dals Tudestgs en champs d’extirpaziun ch’eran vegnids endrizzads aposta per quest intent.&lt;ref&gt;Eberhard Jäckel, Jürgen Rohwer (ed.): ''Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg.'' Fischer TB, Francfurt a.M. 1987, p. 10.&lt;/ref&gt;

Per intgins istoriografs ha il holocaust cumenzà il settember 1939. Gia en rom da la campagna militara cunter la Pologna e gist suenter quella èn numnadamain vegnids assassinads millis Gidieus e quai faschond diever da la gronda part da las metodas d’extirpaziun che duevan vegnir extendidas pli tard: Isolaziun en ghettos e champs, laschar murir da la fom, deportaziuns, fisiladas en massa e mazzaments cun gas toxic.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2003, ISBN 3-534-15158-5, p. 70.&lt;/ref&gt; Per la gronda part dals istoriografs cumenza il holocaust cun la guerra cunter l’[[Uniun sovietica]] a partir dals 22 da zercladur 1941; da qua davent han ils naziunalsocialists numnadamain commess mazzaments en massa sistematics, preparads ed organisads a moda centrala, e quai envers Gidieus d’entiras regiuns.&lt;ref&gt;Christopher Browning: ''The Final Solution and the German Foreign Office.'' Holmes &amp; Meier Publishers, New York/Londra 1978, ISBN 0-8419-0403-0, p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ils mazzaments han gì lieu da regiun tar regiun en different tempo ed èn vegnids manads tras tut tenor pli baud u pli tard. Ins als ha extendì sin adina dapli gruppas d’unfrendas e realisà cun metodas pli e pli radicalas. Entant ch’intginas gruppas d’unfrendas vegnivan anc stgatschadas u deportadas, èn autras gia vegnidas exterminadas, uschia che «la concepziun, la procedura da decisiun e la realisaziun na sa laschan betg adina cunfinar cleramain ina da l’autra».&lt;ref&gt;Peter Longerich (1998): ''Politik der Vernichtung: Eine Gesamtdarstellung der nationalsozialistischen Judenverfolgung'', p. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;

Gidieus sovietics han ins sajettà il pli tard dapi ils 24 da zercladur 1941 (umens) resp. a partir dals 15 d’avust (dunnas, uffants e glieud veglia). A partir da l’october èn er vegnids deportads Gidieus tudestgs ed ha cumenzà la construcziun d’emprims champs d’exterminaziun. Davent dals 25 da november han ins er sajettà Gidieus tudestgs. Ils 8 da december han ins cumenzà ad assassinar Gidieus cun svapurs. A partir dal favrer 1942 èn er Gidieus da l’Europa dal Vest e dal Sid vegnids deportads en l’Europa da l’Ost. A partir dal mars èn stads en funcziun champs d’exterminaziun cun chombras da gas; Gidieus deportads en quests champs vegnivan mazzads immediat suenter lur arriv.

A partir dal fanadur 1942 èn Gidieus da tut ils pajais da l’Europa ch’eran occupads vegnids deportads en champs d’exterminaziun. Il reschim naziunalsocialistic ha tut il pli suspendì in u l’auter dals pass correspundents, n’ha però mess nagin cunfin als mazzaments, n’ha mai franà quels e n’ha mai revocà ina decisiun correspundenta.&lt;ref&gt;Martin Broszat, en: Eberhard Jäckel, Jürgen Rohwer (ed.): ''Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg.'' Fischer TB, Francfurt a.M. 1987, p. 66.&lt;/ref&gt; Il mazzament dals Gidieus ungarais ch’ins aveva sistì per in temp ha cuntinuà ed è anc vegnì accelerà cura ch’igl era daditg cler ch’ils naziunalsocialists na possian betg gudagnar la guerra. Ils survivents da champs d’exterminaziun e da lavur ch’èn vegnids dads si, han ins tramess sin marschs da la mort.

=== Emprims mazzaments en massa e deportaziuns ===
Cun la campagna da guerra cunter la [[Pologna]] èn radund dus milliuns Gidieus polonais vegnids sut il domini dals naziunalsocialists. Ils 3 da settember 1939, dus dis suenter l’entschatta da la guerra, han ils Tudestgs commess in’emprima mazzacra envers Gidieus polonais. Quella han ins mess nà sco vendetga per la ‹Dumengia da sang› (en rom da la quala eran vegnids mazzads ils 3 da settember 1939 en la citad polonaisa Bydgoszcz burgais tudestgs). Fin la fin da december 1939 han commembers tudestgs da la Wehrmacht, da la SS e da la SD mazzà radund 7000 Gidieus polonais, e quai per part senza selecziunar. Quests murdraretschs han accumpagnà las mazzacras da gruppas d’acziun tudestgas vi da bundant 60&amp;nbsp;000 Polonais, las qualas il reschim naziunalsocialistic aveva cumandà e preparà cun glistas da las persunas en mira. Quellas duevan privar la classa sociala superiura da la Pologna da la pussanza, intimidar sco er stgatschar uschè blers Gidieus sco pussaivel da la Pologna dal Vest occupada dals Tudestgs en la Pologna da l’Ost.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 49s.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ils 21 da settember 1939 avevan [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Heinrich Himmler]], [[Reinhard Heydrich]] ed [[Albert Forster]] fixà sco finamira a curta vista da manar entaifer in onn tut ils Gidieus sin territori dal Reich en in «reservat da Gidieus» sper [[Lublin]] en Pologna e da far prestar els là lavur sfurzada. Per quest intent ha Adolf Eichmann, da quel temp manader da la «Centrala per l’emigraziun da Gidieus a Prag», elavurà il Plan Nisko. Dals 18 fin ils 28 d’october 1939 ha el fatg manar radund 5000 Gidieus da [[Vienna]], [[Katowice]] ed [[Ostrava]] a [[Nisko]] ed als ha sfurzà da construir in champ transitoric apparent per «translocaziuns» che duevan avair lieu pli tard. Quests transports eran previs sco fasa d’emprova e da preparaziun per deportaziuns cumplessivas or da las parts occidentalas dal Reich; suenter protests locals als han ins però interrut. Ils deportads èn per gronda part fugids sur il cunfin en la Pologna da l’Ost u en morts en il champ da la fom e dal fraid.

La polizia da segirezza tudestga en la Pologna dal Vest annectada vuleva stgatschar tut ils Gidieus da ses territori en il Guvernament general polonais ch’ins aveva creà da nov. Dal december 1939 fin il mars 1940 han ins sistì per il mument quests transports pervi da problems organisatorics, però senza dar si ils plans da «translocaziun». Uschia era s’etablì in muster co proceder cun ils Gidieus en ils territoris conquistads: Las administraziuns districtualas tudestgas insistivan ch’els vegnian stgatschads en las regiuns cunfinantas; ils transports cun il tren vegnivan organisads a curta vista e realisads a moda brutala e senza resguard sin unfrendas. Intgins deportads sajettava la SS e la polizia gia il mument ch’els arrivavan al lieu.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 64s.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ils emprims mazzaments d’eutanasia cun chars da gas èn medemamain vegnids commess en Pologna. A partir dal matg 1940 han ins selecziunà e mazzà cun gas toxic pazients gidieus en clinicas e chasas da tgira tudestgas (en rom da l’acziun T4, pli tard da l’acziun 14f13).&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 32 e 69.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ghettoisaziun ===
[[Datoteca:Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-051639A,_Polen,_Ghetto_Litzmannstadt,_Deportation.jpg|thumb|220px|Gidieus en la citad polonaisa Łódź ch’èn sfurzads da translocar en il ghetto]]
La ghettoisaziun da «Gidieus dal Reich» era vegnida tratga en consideraziun il 1938, ma be realisada en furma da chasas da Gidieus. Dapi l’entschatta da la guerra han las communas tudestgas cumenzà dad ellas anora a separar ils Gidieus en secturs d’abitar separads. Millis Gidieus polonais che vivevan en il Reich tudestg han ins internà en champs da concentraziun u en champs accessoris da quels.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 32 e 69.&lt;/ref&gt;

Al lieu dal «reservat da Gidieus» ch’aveva per entant fatg naufragi han ins planisà d’installar en la Pologna in «Ghetto dal Reich».&lt;ref&gt;Götz Aly: ''Endlösung: Völkerverschiebung und der Mord an den europäischen Juden.'' Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3-596-14067-6, p. 127–131.&lt;/ref&gt; Las instanzas tudestgas al lieu han cumenzà il december 1939 dad ellas anora ad endrizzar il ghetto da Łódź ch’ha existì fin il 1944. Fin l’avrigl 1940 han ins sfurzà 157&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus da translocar en il ghetto. Quel era circumdà cun in mir e vegniva surveglià da la polizia; tgi ch’empruvava da fugir dastgava vegnir sajettà. L’atun 1940 ha l’administraziun municipala separà a Varsovia in «territori da bloccada cunter epidemias» ed ha transfurmà quel en il [[Ghetto da Varsovia]] ch’era serrà ermeticamain. Là han ins tegnì en fermanza fin il matg 1941 circa 500&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus polonais.

Gia l’enviern 1940/41 èn morts millis abitants dal ghetto, surtut uffants e glieud veglia, da la fom, dal fraid, da malsognas betg tractadas e da spussada. Las raziuns da vivonda uffizialas eran extrem bassas e concepidas uschia ch’i stueva vegnir ad ina mort en massa. Vitiers vegnivan mintga di mazzaments arbitrars tras las guardias tudestgas. Fin l’atun 1942 èn morts tras quai radund 100&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus a [[Varsovia]] e radund 25&amp;nbsp;000 a [[Łódź]]. Schanzas da surviver avevan quasi be ils abitants ch’avevan contacts ordaifer ils cunfins dal ghetto e che disponivan d’ina buna constituziun corporala.

La primavaira 1941 ha l’administraziun municipala e districtuala endrizzà numerus ghettos en il Guvernament general, e quai senza ordra centrala. L’intent era per l’ina da pudair metter a disposiziun abitaziuns per schuldads da la Wehrmacht, per l’autra da preparar l’expulsiun dals Gidieus polonais en ils territoris sovietics conquistads. Intgins uffiziants èn sa restrenschids a decretar als Gidieus scumonds da sortir da lur quartiers. A partir dal 1942 han ils novs ghettos servì directamain a preparar ils transports da Gidieus a lur lieu d’execuziun.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 65–68.&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;

|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;
! align=&quot;left&quot;| Gronds ghettos
! align=&quot;left&quot;| stadi
! align=&quot;left&quot;| Gidieus internads
! align=&quot;left&quot;| da
! align=&quot;left&quot;| fin
! align=&quot;left&quot;| transports vers

|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;
| Budapest
| Ungaria
| 120&amp;nbsp;000
| november 1944
| schaner 1945
| Auschwitz

|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;
| Lwiw
| Ucraina
| 115&amp;nbsp;000
| november 1941
| zercladur 1943
| Belzec, Janowska

|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;
| Łódź
| Pologna
| 200&amp;nbsp;000
| favrer 1940
| avust 1944
| Chelmno, Auschwitz

|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;
| Varsovia
| Pologna
| 450&amp;nbsp;000
| october 1940
| matg 1943
| Treblinka, Majdanek

|}

=== Plans da deportaziun ===
Ils 7 d’october 1939, suenter la victoria en Pologna, ha Hitler nominà Reichsführer SS [[Heinrich Himmler]] sco «Cumissari per fortifitgar la naziunalitad tudestga». Uschia è Himmler daventà responsabel per tut ils plans da translocaziun per motivs rassistics en ils territoris a l’ost ch’eran gia vegnids suttamess u che duevan anc vegnir conquistads.&lt;ref&gt;Markus Leniger: ''Nationalsozialistische ‹Volkstumsarbeit› und Umsiedlungspolitik 1933–1945: Von der Minderheitenbetreuung zur Siedlerauslese.'' 2. ed., Frank &amp; Timme, 2010, ISBN 978-3-86596-082-5, p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Himmler ha laschà elavurar il Plan general ost; en sia versiun extendida dals 24 da zercladur 1941 preveseva quel la deportaziun da fin a 31 milliuns Slavs e la mort en massa da milliuns dad els. Ils Gidieus n’èn betg vegnids menziunads en quest plan, damai che lur «spariziun» vegniva resguardada sco premissa per l’ulteriura planisaziun.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung in Ostgalizien 1941–1944.'' Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Minca 1996, ISBN 3-486-56233-9, p. 97.&lt;/ref&gt;

Il matg 1940, cura che la victoria en il vest è daventada evidenta, han diversas instanzas naziunalsocialisticas tratg en consideraziun il Plan Madagascar: Quel preveseva da surpigliar l’insla [[Madagascar]] da la [[Frantscha]] victorisada e da bandischar là fin a 5,8 milliuns Gidieus europeics. Himmler sperava che questa «emigraziun» vegnia a «far stizzar dal tuttafatg la noziun dals Gidieus».&lt;ref&gt;Cità tenor Katharina Meng: ''Russlanddeutsche Sprachbiografien.'' Narr, 2001, ISBN 3-8233-5151-6, p. 491.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ils 22 d’october 1940 ha cumenzà la deportaziun sistematica da 6504 Gidieus or da la Germania dal Sidvest en il champ d’internament Camp de Gurs en la Frantscha dal Sid. Per il transport cun la viafier è [[Adolf Eichmann]] stà responsabel. Gia avant eran vegnids deportads ils Gidieus da l’Alsazia e da la Lorena.&lt;ref&gt;Cf. ''Die Zeit'', 15 d’october 2015, p. 19.&lt;/ref&gt;

Il november 1940, suenter la Battaglia da l’Engalterra, è il Plan Madagascar daventà illusoric. Tuttina al menziuneschan tschertas actas tudestgas anc fin l’entschatta 1942. A partir dal 1941 hai num en ils documents ch’i vegnia tschertgada ina «soluziun finala territoriala» en in lieu che saja anc da definir. Himmler e Heydrich han tratg en consideraziun d’expulsar ils Gidieus suenter la guerra cunter l’Uniun sovietica en regiuns pauc ospitaivlas da l’autra vart da l’Ural, sco las palids da Pripjat u ils champs da la Mar Polara, e d’als laschar ir a frusta là.

Questas intenziuns dattan perditga da la mancanza d’in plan cumplessiv, da chaos da cumpetenzas e da concurrenza tranter las instanzas, ma er da la pressiun cuntinuanta da chattar ina «soluziun finala». Ideas radicalas han gudagnà adina dapli terren: Per l’ina vegnivi pli e pli grev da vulair stgatschar ils Gidieus en territoris betg occupads; per l’autra sa laschavan ‹giustifitgar› schliaziuns pli extremas cun als tractar durant il temp da guerra sco adversaris a l’intern dal pajais. Tenor Dieter Pohl han però tut ils plans da deportaziun a l’engronda da quel temp muntà in genocid latent: Quels prevesevan d’exponer ils Gidieus a cundiziuns da viver pli nauschas, a lavur sfurzada ed a la sterilisaziun cumandada. Cun auters pleds: ils deportads duevan esser l’ultima generaziun da Gidieus.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 65 e 80.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Procedura da decisiun ===
[[Datoteca:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-E11354,_Berlin,_Reichstagssitzung,_Rede_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|170px|Adolf Hitler a chaschun d’in pled davant il Reichstag (october 1939)]]
Il reschim naziunalsocialistic ha laschà fixar en scrit uschè paucas decisiuns davart crims sco pussaivel, ha tractà quests fatgs sco secret statal ed ha laschà destruir bleras actas. Quai mussa ch’ils purtaders da decisiuns eran tuttavia conscients da la dimensiun e da la purtada da quests crims. Savens han documents en scrit servì sco legitimaziun posteriura; quai vul dir ch’i ston esser crudadas decisiuns informalas accumpagnadas d’instrucziuns a bucca.&lt;ref&gt;Eberhard Jäckel, Jürgen Rohwer (ed.): ''Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg.'' Fischer TB, Francfurt a.M. 1987, p. 14–17.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ils pleds da Hitler eran tegnids sapientivamain en in tun general, ambig e camuflant. Tuttina han els servì sco lingia directiva per numerusas mesiras da las autoritads che s’occupavan cun ils Gidieus; en lur decisiuns èn quellas sa stentadas da correspunder a la «voluntad dal Führer» ed han sinaquai retschet l’approvaziun da Hitler. Ils 30 da schaner 1939 ha Hitler smanatschà en il Reichstag, il parlament tudestg, da «destruir en l’Europa la razza gidieua» en cas d’ina nova guerra mundiala. Sche quai dueva succeder en furma d’expulsiun ubain era da chapir sco intenziun d’als vulair exterminar ha el laschà avert; in plan correspundent n’era betg anc avant maun. Sin quest pled è Hitler revegnì repetidamain durant ch’il holocaust era en plaina acziun, uschia per exempel quatter giadas be il 1941 e 1942, ed ha fatg allusiun a sia realisaziun: «Ils Gidieus han a ses temp ris er en Germania davart mia profezia. (...) Da quels che rievan lezza giada, rian oz numerus betg pli.»&lt;ref&gt;Eberhard Jäckel: ''Hitlers Weltanschauung.'' Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1981, ISBN 3-421-06083-5, p. 72–75.&lt;/ref&gt;

In cumond en scrit dad Adolf Hitler da metter ad ir il holocaust n’han ins betg chattà e probablamain n’ha in tal mai existì.&lt;ref&gt;Eberhard Jäckel, Jürgen Rohwer (ed.): ''Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg.'' Francfurt a.M. 1987, p. 15.&lt;/ref&gt; Plirs cumonds a bucca ed en scrit da Hitler per singuls pass d’exterminaziun èn però cumprovads. El aveva cumandà l’october 1939 l’acziun T4 e datà enavos il decret en scrit sin il prim da settember 1939, l’entschatta da la campagna militara cunter la Pologna. Quai vul dir ch’el ha considerà l’extincziun da «vita senza valur» per «tegnair schuber il sang aric» sco part da sia strategia da guerra. Il decret ha legitimà medis da mazzar malsauns en il zuppà; uschia han ins liberà ils medis involvids da la persecuziun penala, evitond però da stuair stgaffir ina lescha d’eutanasia publica. Malgrà tutta secretezza èn sa fatgas valair protestas da vart da las baselgias; sinaquai ha Hitler fatg sistir ils 24 d’avust 1941 l’acziun T4 (cun excepziun dals territoris occupads en l’Europa da l’Ost). Quai mussa tenor Karl Schleunes ses calcul da betg metter en privel l’approvaziun da sia politica a l’intern dal Reich, per pudair cuntinuar uschia libramain cun l’exterminaziun per motivs da rassa.&lt;ref&gt;Karl A. Schleunes: ''Nationalsozialistische Entschlußbildung und die Aktion T4.'' En: Eberhard Jäckel, Jürgen Rohwer (ed.): ''Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg.'' Francfurt a.M. 1987, p. 70–78.&lt;/ref&gt;

A partir dal favrer 1941 ha il reschim naziunalsocialistic planisà ensemen cun la SS e generals da la Wehrmacht la guerra d’extirpaziun cunter l’[[Uniun sovietica]]. Mazzaments en massa èn vegnids discutads a chaschun da differents inscunters. Ils 3 da mars ha Hitler relaschà directivas per allontanar en ils territoris che duevan vegnir conquistads l’intelligenza gidieua-bolschevica. Sco en la Pologna l’onn 1939 era previs da decimar l’emprim las elitas en il stadi, la partida e l’armada. Il decret da giurisdicziun da guerra che Hitler ha relaschà ils 13 da matg 1941 lubiva als schuldads da la Wehrmacht da sajettar immediat civilists che vegnivan suspectads da far resistenza, e quai senza stuair quintar cun consequenzas tenor il dretg penal militar. En in ulteriur decret (l’uschenumnà Cumond areguard ils cummissaris, Kommissarbefehl) ha Hitler cumandà ils 6 da zercladur da separar immediat uffiziers politics da l’Armada cotschna che sajan crudads en praschunia da guerra e d’als sajettar. Vitiers è vegnì il calcul da fomina: Las truppas tudestgas duevan vegnir nutridas al lieu, uschia che tschientmillis civilists sovietics èn stads exposts a murir da la fom. Da quests cumonds e plans eran ils Gidieus pertutgads a moda tut speziala, damai ch’els valevan da princip sco agitaturs e «bolschevists» e vivevan surtut en citads.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 31s., 55s. e 71.&lt;/ref&gt;

Il matg 1941 ha Heydrich tschentà si per incumbensa da Hitler quatter «Gruppas d’acziun da la polizia da segirezza e dal SD» (A–D) e scolà quellas entaifer paucas emnas. A partir dal fanadur èn vegnidas vitiers pliras gruppas d’acziun «per diever spezial». Lur incumbensa uffiziala era il cumbat cunter partisans davos las unitads d’armada ch’avanzavan, e quai en furma da «repressalias», vul dir da mazzacras sco vendetga per attatgas apparentas u effectivas sin schuldads tudestgs. Il commando superiur da l’armada ha lubì a questas gruppas d’acziun tras contract d’operar a moda autonoma e las ha segirà a medem temp da collavurar stretgamain.&lt;ref&gt;Rolf-Dieter Müller, Hans-Erich Volkmann: ''Die Wehrmacht: Mythos und Realität.'' Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Minca 1999, ISBN 3-486-56383-1, p. 841.&lt;/ref&gt; Vitiers èn vegnids intgins battagliuns da la polizia per la segirtad publica e duas brigadas da la Waffen-SS senza incumbensa speziala ch’eran suttamessas al stab da commando dal Reichsführer SS. Ils trais schefs da polizia e da SS superiurs ch’eran suttamess directamain a Himmler, numnadamain Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, Friedrich Jeckeln e Hans-Adolf Prützmann, han manà e coordinà las acziuns da mazzament da tut questas gruppas.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 71s.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ils 21 da matg aveva Himmler suttamess quests trais manaders en scrit ad in’«incumbensa speziala dal Führer», numnadamain d’exequir ses «servetschs spezials» en ils territoris che duevan vegnir occupads. Ils 17 da zercladur als ha Heydrich instruì a Berlin a bucca da metter ad ir en quests territoris ina «purificaziun» cunter Gidieus e communists. En ses cumonds d’acziun dals 29 da zercladur 1941 als ha el anc ina giada clamà en memoria questas incumbensas. Ils 2 da fanadur ha Heydrich enumerà las gruppas da persunas ch’els duevan mazzar tenor incumbensa. El ha cumplettà la glista explicitamain cun «Gidieus en posiziun statala e da partida» ed ha er uschiglio fatg diever da terms fitg nunprecis che lubivan als delinquents d’extender las gruppas da las unfrendas. En ulteriurs cumonds è la Wehrmacht vegnida instruida da surdar tut ils praschuniers da guerra gidieus a la SS. En tutta cas na paran ils adressats betg d’avair disponì d’in cumond general da vart da la Chanzlia dal Reich da mazzar tut ils Gidieus.&lt;ref&gt;Alfred Streim: ''Zur Eröffnung des allgemeinen Judenvernichtungsbefehls.'' En: Eberhard Jäckel, Jürgen Rohwer (ed.): ''Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg.'' Francfurt a.M. 1987, p. 112.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sin dumonda da Himmler ha Hitler surdà a quel ils 16 da fanadur 1941 il cumond da SS, polizia ed SD er en l’ost.&lt;ref&gt;Ian Kershaw: ''Wendepunkte. Schlüsselentscheidungen im Zweiten Weltkrieg.'' 2. ed., Minca 2008, p. 570.&lt;/ref&gt; Fin la fin da l’onn ha Himmler extendì las gruppas d’acziun da 3000 sin 33&amp;nbsp;000 umens, e quai cun integrar abitants dals territoris occupads ch’eran pronts da sa gidar.&lt;ref&gt;Jonathan C. Friedman: ''The Routledge History of the Holocaust.'' Taylor &amp; Francis, 2011, ISBN 978-0-415-77956-2, p. 159.&lt;/ref&gt; Ils 31 da fanadur ha [[Hermann Göring]] incumbensà Heydrich d’elavurar in «plan cumplessiv» per la «schliaziun finala da la dumonda dals Gidieus». Il text è vegnì suttamess a Göring be per suttascripziun, vul dir ch’el dueva autorisar plans che vegnivan gia realisads.&lt;ref&gt;Eberhard Jäckel, Jürgen Rohwer (ed.): ''Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg.'' Francfurt a.M. 1987, p. 15.&lt;/ref&gt; Il prim d’avust ha Hitler cumandà per funk als schefs da las gruppas d’acziun d’al rapportar cuntinuadamain davart lur resultats.

[[Datoteca:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1995-063-31,_Sowjetunion,_Verhaftete_Juden.jpg|thumb|220px|Gidieus russ ch’èn vegnids mess a ferm sco franctiradurs apparents]]
Sco che cumandants cumpigliads han ditg pli tard – e quai en concordanza in cun l’auter – als ha Jeckeln cumandà l’avust d’extender las execuziuns sin dunnas ed uffants «per evitar ch’i dettia vinditgaders». Ils 15 d’avust ha in rapport d’ina gruppa d’acziun enumerà per l’emprima giada «Gidieus, Gidieuas ed uffants gidieus» sco unfrendas dals mazzaments. La fin d’avust ha la gruppa d’acziun D rapportà che ses territori d’acziun saja uss «liber da Gidieus». Parallelamain duevan uss tut ils Gidieus dals territoris conquistads vegnids manads en ghettos e registrads; ils Gidieus registrads èn tuts vegnids sajettads suenter curt temp.&lt;ref&gt;Alfred Streim: ''Zur Eröffnung des allgemeinen Judenvernichtungsbefehls.'' En: Eberhard Jäckel, Jürgen Rohwer (ed.): ''Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg.'' Francfurt a.M. 1987, p. 114–116.&lt;/ref&gt; Tar ina fisilada en massa a Minsk haja Himmler respundì en preschientscha da tut ils tiradurs ch’i dettia in «cumond dal Führer da sajettar tut ils Gidieus», il qual haja vigur legala; quai tenor indicaziun dal manader d’in dals commandos d’acziun, Otto Bradfisch. Sco ch’è s’exprimì pli tard Friedrich Jeckeln al haja Himmler incumbensà avant la «Dumengia da sang da Riga» (ils 30 da november 1941) d’infurmar Hinrich Lohse: «...igl è mes cumond ed igl è er il giavisch dal Führer.»&lt;ref&gt;Gerald Fleming: ''Hitler und die Endlösung.'' Limes, 1982, ISBN 3-8090-2196-2, p. 57 e 62.&lt;/ref&gt; Questas indicaziuns dal suenterguerra sa referivan al Cumond areguard ils cummissaris da Hitler (cf. survart) che vegniva applitgà a partir da l’avust a moda generalisada.&lt;ref&gt;Ian Kershaw: ''Der NS-Staat.'' Francfurt a.M. 1994, p. 157.&lt;/ref&gt;

La fin d’avust 1941 ha l’avanzament tudestg cumenzà a stagnar. Cunter si’intenziun oriunda ha Hitler lubì ils 17 da settember 1941 a Goebbels, il Gauleiter da Berlin, da deportar ils Gidieus tudestgs gia durant la guerra vers ost. Ils 2 d’october al ha Himmler proponì d’als transferir en ils ghettos da [[Riga]], [[Reval]] e [[Minsk]]. Heydrich ha suttastritgà ils 10 d’october en l’Uffizi central da la segirtad dal Reich (Reichssicherheitshauptamt, RSHA) la finamira da Hitler da far dal Reich tudestg fin la fin da l’onn in territori «liber da Gidieus»; sper ghettos ha el er numnà champs da concentraziun noveregids sco lieus da destinaziun. L’october 1941 han ins relaschà in scumond da bandunar il pajais per tut ils Gidieus sesents en la Germania. Viktor Brack ha offert ils 25 d’october da gasifitgar cun ses apparats d’eutanasia Gidieus or dals ghettos en l’ost che n’eran betg abels da lavurar. Il prim da november ha la SS cumenzà a construir il Champ d’exterminaziun Belzec che dueva servir a svidar ghettos fullanads.&lt;ref&gt;Raul Hilberg: ''Die Aktion Reinhard.'' En: Eberhard Jäckel, Jürgen Rohwer (ed.): ''Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg.'' Francfurt a.M. 1987, p. 125–128.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Durant questas emnas èn s’augmentadas e s’intensivadas a l’intern las tiradas plain gritta da Hitler cunter ils Gidieus ch’el veseva sco «inimi mundial» ch’operava davos tut las pussanzas che sa chattavan en guerra cunter la Germania. D’«eliminar» ils Gidieus considerava el sco premissa per tutta vieuta positiva en ils pajais occupads u alliads, damai che quels hajan uschiglio sin fundament da la maschaida da las razzas in effect destructiv. Ils 21 d’october ha el declerà: «Sche nus extirpain questa pestilenza, alura faschain nus in’ovra per l’umanitad, da la quala noss umens là ora na pon gnanc anc sa far in maletg.» Ils 25 d’october ha el clamà en memoria als manaders dal Reich sia «profezia» dals 30 da schaner 1939: «Igl è bun sche la sgarschur ans va ordavant che nus extirpeschian ils Gidieus.»&lt;ref&gt;Saul Friedländer: ''Das Dritte Reich und die Juden''. Tom 2: ''Die Jahre der Vernichtung 1939–1945.'' Beck, Minca 2006, ISBN 3-406-54966-7, p. 301.&lt;/ref&gt;

En la perscrutaziun vegn constatà ina relaziun tranter la decisiun da realisar il holocaust e la guerra d’exterminaziun cunter l’Uniun sovietica. L’istoriograf britannic e biograf da Hitler Ian Kershaw accentuescha che la destrucziun dal «bolschevissem gidieu» saja stà en il center da questa guerra. La stad e l’atun 1941 ha Hitler adina puspè fatg remartgas brutalas areguard la destrucziun da l’Uniun sovietica ed ha exprimì generalisaziuns barbaricas davart ils Gidieus. Uschia haja pudì sa sviluppar, sco che s’exprima Kershaw, «or da las cuntradicziuns e la mancanza da clerezza en la politica antigiudaica in program concret per mazzar tut ils Gidieus en ils territoris occupads dals Tudestgs».&lt;ref&gt;Ian Kershaw: ''Hitler 1936–1945.'' Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 978-3-421-05131-8, p. 617.&lt;/ref&gt; Tenor il perscrutader dal holocaust american Christopher Browning han «las preparativas en vista a la campagna militara cunter l’Uniun sovietica mess ad ir ina successiun d’eveniments fatala e la ‹guerra d’exterminaziun› ordvart sanguinusa ha bainspert manà al mazzament en massa sistematic – l’emprim envers ils Gidieus sovietics ed alura encunter quels da l’entira Europa.»&lt;ref&gt;Christopher Browning: ''Die Entfesselung der ‹Endlösung›. Nationalsozialistische Judenpolitik 1939–1942.'' List Taschenbuch, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-548-60637-7, p. 318.&lt;/ref&gt; L’istoriograf Hans Mommsen considerescha il holocaust sco resultat final d’in process cumplex da radicalisaziun creschenta en la persecuziun dals Gidieus ed en la strategia da guerra. «Il mument decisiv en la radicalisaziun da la persecuziun dals Gidieus», uschia constatescha er el, «ha furmà l’attatga sin l’Uniun sovietica.» Gia paucs mais suenter il cumenzament da questa campagna militara saja «il scenari per realisar il holocaust (...) gia stà avant maun l’october 1941».&lt;ref&gt;Hans Mommsen: ''Das NS-Regime und die Auslöschung des Judentums in Europa''. Wallstein, Göttingen 2014, p. 10 e 148.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ils 12 da december 1941, in di suenter sia decleraziun da guerra cunter ils [[Stadis Unids]], ha Hitler declerà als Gauleiter ch’el aveva radunà en la Chanzlia dal Reich: Damai che la guerra mundiala saja uss ina realitad, stoppia la destrucziun dals Gidieus esser «la consequenza necessaria». Sa basond sin l’incumbensa da Göring aveva Heydrich envidà ils pli impurtants funcziunaris ministerials a la Conferenza da Wannsee. Quella dueva oriundamain avair lieu ils 11 da december, ma pervi da la decleraziun da guerra da Hitler è ella vegnida spustada sin ils 20 da schaner 1942. Là han ins alura discutà l’ulteriura organisaziun dal holocaust ch’aveva gia cumenzà. Tenor il sulet protocol da la conferenza ch’è sa mantegnì, eri previs da deportar 11 milliuns Gidieus da tut l’Europa. Tut las impurtantas partiziuns dal reschim naziunalsocialistic duevan cooperar a realisar quests plans e tut ils participants da la conferenza han dà a quels lur consentiment. Il responsabel per dumondas dals Gidieus da Heydrich, [[Adolf Eichmann]], l’organisatur e protocollist da la conferenza, ha confermà il 1961 durant ses arrest en l’[[Israel]] che Heydrich al haja communitgà persunalmain e verbalmain intgins dis avant la conferenza: «Il Führer ha cumandà la destrucziun fisica dals Gidieus.»&lt;ref&gt;Jochen von Lang, Avner W. Less (ed.): ''Das Eichmann-Protokoll: Tonbandaufzeichnungen der israelischen Verhöre.'' P. Zsolnay, 1991, ISBN 3-552-04308-X, p. 70.&lt;/ref&gt; Durant il process cunter Eichmann ha quel plinavant confermà tge che sa zuppava propi davos la lingua da camufladi dal protocol: «Igl è vegnì discutà da mazzar, eliminar ed extirpar.»&lt;ref&gt;Gideon Botsch (ed.): ''Die Wannsee-Konferenz und der Völkermord an den europäischen Juden: Katalog der ständigen Ausstellung.'' Verlag Haus der Wannsee-Konferenz, Gedenk- und Bildungsstätte, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-9808517-4-5, p. 121.&lt;/ref&gt;

Er Himmler è sa referì repetidamain en ses diaris ed en ses pleds da l’october 1943 a Posen davant delinquents naziunalsocialistics a l’incumbensa persunala da vart da Hitler d’«extirpar» ils Gidieus. Tenor il medi persunal da Himmler Felix Kersten duai el avair survegnì quest’incumbensa la primavaira 1941.&lt;ref&gt;Felix Kersten: ''The Kersten Memoirs, 1940–1945.'' Time Life Education 1992, ISBN 0-8094-8737-3.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa basond sin il decurs dal holocaust e sin ils documents avant maun, èn ils istoriografs da l’avis che Hitler e ses manaders principals n’hajan betg decidì, planisà e decretà quel en in di, mabain sur in lung temp. Intgins manegian che la decisiun dals manaders superiurs da destruir tut ils Gidieus sovietics era gia fixada la primavaira 1941 e che las gruppas d’acziun sajan alura vegnidas avischinadas successivamain a quest’incumbensa. La gronda part è da l’avis ch’i saja pir vegnì decidì suenter quests emprims mazzaments sistematics d’er deportar e mazzar ils Gidieus da las ulteriuras parts da l’Europa. Ina dumonda centrala è schebain questa decisiun saja suandada a las victorias tudestgas durant il fanadur, ubain a las sconfittas durant ils mais settember ed october 1941. Blers èn da l’avis che las decisiuns sajan probablamain crudadas en il decurs dal settember ed october. Intgins considereschan il pled da Hitler dals 12 da december 1941 sco decisiun da princip areguard il holocaust. Auters crain ch’i n’haja dà nagin cumond explicit da Hitler en connex cun la «soluziun finala» e che gruppas da delinquents al lieu hajan extendì las gruppas d’unfrendas en stretga collavuraziun cun las autoritads centralas.&lt;ref&gt;Eberhard Jäckel, Jürgen Rohwer (ed.): ''Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg.'' Francfurt a.M. 1987, p. 61–64; Peter Longerich: ''Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews.'' Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 259.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sajettadas en massa sistematicas ===
[[Datoteca:Einsatzgruppen murder Jews in Ivanhorod, Ukraine, 1942.jpg|thumb|220px|Ucraina: Gidieus da Kiev vegnan sajettads sper Ivangorod (1942)]]
Ils 24 da zercladur 1941, dus dis suenter l’attatga sin l’Uniun sovietica, han las gruppas d’acziun sajettà a Gargždai per l’emprima giada ils Gidieus creschids masculins d’in lieu.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.annaberger-annalen.de/jahrbuch/1997/Annaberg%20Nr.5%20Kap7.pdf ''Bericht von den Ereignissen in Gargždai/Garsden im Juni 1941''] (PDF; 91&amp;nbsp;kB).&lt;/ref&gt; Las emprimas emnas èn suandads mazzaments en massa vi da tschients fin millis persunas tar mintga acziun.

A partir dal fanadur han er corps da voluntaris faschistics commess en la [[Pologna dal Nord]], en l’[[Ucraina dal Vest]], en la [[Lituania]] ed en la [[Bielorussia]] mazzaments en massa cun caracter da pogrom, e quai mintgamai en stretga cooperaziun cun las gruppas d’acziun tudestgas. Quests mazzaments dad umens gidieus vegnivan giustifitgads sco vendetga per mazzaments en massa ch’il ministeri da l’intern da l’Uniun sovietica aveva commess avant, ed ils quals duevan apparentamain esser vegnids dirigids da Gidieus. Talas milissas sco il Commando Arājs eran resortidas da moviments naziunalistics e paramilitars sco la gruppa lituana ‹Luf da fier› (''Geležinis vilkas'') e la ‹Crusch dal tun› (''Pērkonkrusts'') lituana; en l’Ucraina devi pliras da questas gruppas sco l’ONU. Dapi la primavaira 1941 eran ils servetschs secrets tudestgs entrads en contact cun questas gruppaziuns ed avevan planisà da las duvrar suenter l’attatga per metter ad ir pogroms cunter ils «bolschevists gidieus».&lt;ref&gt;Peter Longerich: ''Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews.'' 2010, p. 192s.&lt;/ref&gt; Da quest’unda da mazzaments èn radund 40&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus sovietics daventads victimas.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 74.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ils 15 da fanadur han ins mazzà a Jelgava per l’emprima giada tut ils Gidieus d’in lieu. A partir dals 15 d’avust ha surtut il commando d’acziun 3 sajettà en la [[Lituania]] e [[Lettonia]] quasi mintga di er dunnas, uffants e glieud veglia gidieua sin las plazzas da rimnada dals lieus sovietics che vegnivan conquistads. A Kaunas e Paneriai sper Vilnius, ch’avevan in ghetto da Gidieus, è quai succedì pliras giadas. En l’Estonia han radund 1000 Gidieus pudì fugir; 950 èn vegnids mazzads.

Tar la Mazzacra da Kamenez-Podolsk ils 29 e 30 d’avust 1941 han ins mazzà – tenor accord tranter Jeckeln e la Wehrmacht – tut ils Gidieus d’ina citad pli gronda. Tranter las 23&amp;nbsp;000 unfrendas sa chattavan 14&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus ch’eran vegnids deportads da l’[[Ungaria]]. A partir dals 15 da settember han las gruppas d’acziun C e D sco er battagliuns da polizia cumenzà a mazzar tut ils Gidieus da citads pli grondas da l’Ucraina: l’emprim a Shitomir, alura en la chavorgia da Babyn Jar sper Kiev. A partir da l’october han gruppas d’acziun e battagliuns mazzà en l’Ucraina dal Vest tut ils Gidieus ch’els avevan laschà enavos tar l’emprima unda da mazzaments. Er en la Bielorussia han la SS, la polizia e la 707avla divisiun d’infantaria mazzà a partir da l’october ils Gidieus da citads pli grondas sco Witebsk, Polozk e Borissow ed en regiuns ruralas. En territoris russ situads pli en l’ost han blers Gidieus pudì fugir a temp; quels ch’eran restads enavos èn medemamain vegnids mazzads, uschia a [[Smolensk]], [[Rostow]] e [[Kalinin]]. Ils 30 da november ed ils 7 ed 8 da december ha il nov commember dal cader superiur da la SS e da la polizia Friedrich Jeckeln laschà mazzar a [[Riga]] cun tut ils battagliuns da polizia che stevan a disposiziun la gronda part dals Gidieus lettons; quai cun l’intent da svidar il ghetto dal lieu per far plazza per ils transports da Gidieus nà dal Reich tudestg.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 73–77.&lt;/ref&gt;

A [[Kaunas]] èn arrivads dals 25 fin ils 29 da november 1941 ils emprims transports da Gidieus ch’eran vegnids deportads da Berlin. Commandos d’acziun als han sajettà immediat suenter lur arriv; uschia er ils 30 da november a Riga. Bain aveva Himmler scumandà da sajettar ils Gidieus da Berlin ils 30 da november e Friedrich Jeckeln ha survegnì ina reprimanda per avair cuntrafatg a sia «directiva». Ma i vegn supponì che Himmler vuleva be spustar in pau ils mazzaments per evitar che las novitads correspundentas cuntanschian il Reich. Il favrer 1942 han ins danovamain deportà Gidieus tudestgs a Lublin e sajettà a Riga. Silsuenter èn ils Gidieus tudestgs vegnids transportads en ils champs d’exterminaziun, pia han fatg part dal proceder ordinari ch’era londervi da sa furmar.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Holocaust.'' Herder, Freiburg 2000, p. 78ss.&lt;/ref&gt;

Entant che la gronda part dals Gidieus en il Guvernament general vegnivan gia mazzads en champs d’exterminaziun, han las sajettadas en massa cuntinuà en ils anteriurs territoris sovietics che stevan uss sut occupaziun tudestga. En guauds en vischinanza da citads grondas ha la polizia da la segirtad publica endrizzà lieus d’execuziun serrads: Ponar sper Wilna, il guaud da Rumbula, il guaud da Biķernieki sper Riga, il Champ d’exterminaziun Bronnaja Gora sper Brest ed auters. Las unfrendas che vegnivan transportadas en quests lieus stuevan sa svestgir e vegnivan sajettadas en gruppas a l’ur da foss ch’eran vegnids chavads ora ed en ils quals ils corps crudavan alura. Il battagliun da polizia da reserva 101 è stà cumpiglià vi da l’execuziun da 38&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus (tranter auter la Mazzacra da Józefów ils 13 da fanadur 1942) e la deportaziun da 45&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus en champs d’exterminaziun.&lt;ref&gt;Christopher R. Browning: ''Ganz normale Männer. Das Reservebataillon 101 und die Endlösung in Polen.'' Francfurt a.M. 1999, p. 189.&lt;/ref&gt; Er en la [[Serbia]], la [[Croazia]] e la [[Rumenia]] han ins sajettà dapi il settember 1941 en massa Gidieus che vivevan là. 

&lt;small&gt;La tabella incumpletta che suonda cumpiglia be sajettadas en massa pli grondas ed, a moda exemplarica, pli pitschnas.&lt;ref&gt;Tenor Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 73 e 96; Peter Longerich: ''Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews.'' 2010, p. 196–198.&lt;/ref&gt; Abreviaziuns: Einsatzgruppe = EG, Einsatzkommando = EK, Front d’activists da la Lituania = FAL, Organisaziun dals naziunalists ucranais = ONU, Polizeibataillon = PB, Sonderkommando = SK, Sicherheits- und Ordnungspolizei = OP.&lt;/small&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Lieu !! Data !! Delinquents !! Unfrendas
|-
| Gargždai || 24 da zercladur 1941 || EK Tilsit || 200 umens, ina dunna
|-
| [[Białystok]] || 27 da zercladur 1941 || PB 309 || 2000 umens e dunnas
|-
| [[Lwiw]] || 30 da zercladur fin 2 da fanadur 1941 || ONU || 4000 umens
|-
| [[Daugavpils]] || 1 e 2 da fanadur 1941 || EK 1a || 1150 umens
|-
| [[Riga]] || entschatta fanadur 1941 || EG A, polizia auxiliara lituana || 400
|-
| [[Solotschiw]] || entschatta fanadur 1941 || SK 4b, ONU, SS || 2000
|-
| [[Ternopil]] || 7 da fanadur 1941 || SK 4b, ONU || 800
|-
| [[Luzk]] || 2 da fanadur 1941 || SK 4a || 1160 umens
|-
| [[Lwiw]] || 2 fin 6 da fanadur 1941 || EK 5, 6 e.a. || 2500 umens
|-
| [[Kaunas]] || 4 fin 6 da fanadur 1941 || EK 3 || 2977 umens
|-
| [[Brest]] || 6 da fanadur 1941 || PB 307 || 4000 umens
|-
| [[Białystok]] || 8 da fanadur 1941 || PB 316, 322 || 3000 umens
|-
| [[Jelgava]] || 15 da fanadur 1941 || EK 2 || 1550
|-
| [[Kaunas]] || 25 fin 28 da fanadur 1941 || FAL || 3800
|-
| [[Lwiw]] || 29 fin 31 da fanadur 1941 || ONU || 2000
|-
| [[Pinsk]] || 7/8 d’avust 1941 || brigada da chavallaria da la SS || 9000
|-
| [[Kamjanez-Podilskyj]] || 27 fin 29 d’avust 1941 || PB 320, SS || 26&amp;nbsp;500
|-
| [[Schytomyr]] || 19 da settember 1941 || EG C, D || 3145
|-
| [[Kiev]], [[Babyn Jar]] || 29/30 da settember 1941 || SK 4a, PB 45, 314 || 33&amp;nbsp;771
|-
| Bielorussia || a partir da l’october 1941 || 707avla divisiun d’infantaria || 19&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| [[Dnipro]] || 13/14 d’october 1941 || PB 314 || 11&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| [[Riwne]] || 5/6 da november || EK 5, PB 320 || 15&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| [[Riga]] || 30 da november, 7/8 da december 1941 || tut ils PB || 26&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| [[Simferopol]] || 13 fin 15 da december 1941 || EG D, Wehrmacht || 12&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| [[Charkiw]] || a partir dal prim da schaner 1942 || PB 314 || 12&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| [[Minsk]] || 28 fin 30 da fanadur 1942 || OP || 10&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| [[Luzk]] || 19 fin 23 d’avust 1942 || OP || 14&amp;nbsp;700
|-
| [[Wolodymyr-Wolynskyj]] || 1 fin 3 da settember 1942 || OP || 13&amp;nbsp;500
|-
| [[Brest]] || 15/16 d’october 1942 || OP, PB 310 || 19&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| [[Pinsk]] || 28 d’october 1942 || PB 306, 310 || 18&amp;nbsp;000
|}

Ils 31 da december 1941 ha Himmler annunzià a Hitler 363&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus che sajan vegnids mazzads tranter l’avust ed il november sco «partisans». Fin la fin da l’onn han las unitads da delinquents mazzà almain 500&amp;nbsp;000 dals radund 2,5 milliuns Gidieus sovietics che vivevan en las zonas occupadas dals Tudestgs.&lt;ref&gt;Christian Zentner: ''Illustrierte Geschichte des Dritten Reiches.'' Bechtermünz, 1990, p. 331.&lt;/ref&gt; Fin la [[Conferenza da Wannsee]] ils 20 da schaner 1942 eran vegnids mazzads radund 900&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus. Las gruppas d’acziun e battagliuns da polizia han sajettà tut en tut almain 2,2 milliuns umans, per gronda part Gidieus, pia ca. in terz da las unfrendas dal holocaust.&lt;ref&gt;Gerhard Th. Mollin: ''20. Januar 1942 – Wannseekonferenz.'' En: Dirk Blasius, Wilfried Loth: ''Tage deutscher Geschichte im 20. Jahrhundert.'' Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-525-36291-9, p. 64.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Champs d’exterminaziun ===
[[Datoteca:Auschwitz_Resistance_280_cropped.jpg|thumb|180px|Foto clandestina che mussa co ch’il commando spezial sto brischar las baras dals umans ch’èn vegnids gasifitgads (Auschwitz-Birkenau, 1944)]]
Tar la planisaziun dals champs d’exterminaziun la primavaira 1941 aveva Hitler consentì a [[Hans Frank]] ch’il Guvernament general possia daventar sco emprim «liber da Gidieus», vul dir ch’ils Gidieus che vivevan là duevan vegnir expulsads en ils territoris sovietics occupads. Sa mussond però ch’il decurs da la guerra rendeva quai adina pli difficil, han ils Gauleiter en la Pologna ch’era occupada da la Germania dumandà da pudair mazzar en massa ils Gidieus che sa chattavan en ils ghettos dal lieu. Quels eran surchargiads ed i sa derasavan epidemias. L’inabilitad da lavurar apparenta, la ristga d’infecziun e la grevezza per ils Tudestgs e la Wehrmacht che resultava da «mangiaders inutils» èn stads intgins dals pretexts per clamar suenter «schliaziuns radicalas» per ils abitants dals ghettos.

Sajettadas en massa èn bainspert vegnidas consideradas sco «ineffizientas». Quai betg mo perquai ch’il tempo da mazzar era bass, mabain er pervi da problems dals delinquents cun la lavur da mazzar: quella era stentusa, in stress psichic e surtut memia pauc discreta.&lt;ref&gt;Gunnar Heinsohn: ''Lexikon der Völkermorde.'' Reinbek 1999, p.&amp;nbsp;344.&lt;/ref&gt; Metodas da mazzar anonimisadas duevan sbassar u gidar a superar dal tuttafatg las retegnientschas dals delinquents. 

L’october 1941 ha il Gauleiter Arthur Greiser cuntanschì tenor cunvegnientscha cun Viktor Brack ch’ins ha pudì applitgar en il Wartheland la medema metoda da gasatura cun monoxid carbonic sco quai ch’ins aveva duvrà en rom da l’acziun T4. Per quest intent ha in commando spezial da la SS, ils commembers dal qual eran stads participads ils onns 1939/40 vi dals mazzaments da malsauns, erigì entaifer paucas emnas il Champ d’exterminaziun Kulmhof (Chelmno). Ils 8 da december han ins gasifitgà là ils emprims Gidieus da Prag.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 87s.&lt;/ref&gt;

Per pudair svidar sco previs ils ghettos en la Pologna occupada cun mazzar lur abitants, han ins construì dal november 1941 fin il fanadur 1942 ils champs d’exterminaziun Belzec, Sobibor e Treblinka. Ils medis e spezialists d’administraziun e da transport ch’èn vegnids engaschads là derivavan per gronda part da l’acziun T4 ed èn per part avanzads entaifer l’ierarchia da la SS. Ils 16 da mars 1942 han la SS e la polizia cumenzà en enclegientscha cun l’administraziun militara da svidar l’emprim ils ghettos da Lwiw e Lublin ed a partir dal matg ils ghettos en il district Cracovia e da transportar ils abitants a Belzec. Cussegls dals Gidieus han ins sfurzà da selecziunar las unfrendas, las qualas èn vegnidas mazzadas immediat suenter l’arriv. A partir dal matg 1942 han ins mazzà a Sobibor Gidieus da la proxima vischinanza che vegnivan taxads sco «inabels da lavurar». La fin matg eran tut ils posts d’administraziun civila en la Pologna perina da mazzar tut ils Gidieus ch’eran «inabels da lavurar», uschia ch’els han classifitgà quels tenor trais categorias («abel da far guerra», «abel da lavurar» ed «inabel da lavurar») ed han endrizzà ghettos er en lieus pli pitschens. Questas lavurs preparatoricas èn vegnidas dirigidas a moda centrala nà da Lublin; faschond allusiun a Reinhard Heydrich – ch’era vegnì assassinà avant curt temp – han ins mess tut las mesiras cumpigliadas sut il num «acziun Reinhard(t)». Sco metoda da mazzament han ins fatg diever da svapurs da motors. Praticamain tut ils novarrivads vegnivan mazzads independentamain da lur abilitad da lavurar e be schanegiads excepziunalmain per vegnir integrads en in commando da praschuniers intern.&lt;ref&gt;Barbara Distel: ''Sobibor.'' En: Wolfgang Benz, Wolfgang, Barbara Distel: ''Der Ort des Terrors. Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager.'' Tom 8: ''Riga – Warschau – Kaunas – Vaivara – Plaszów – Klooga – Chelmo – Belzec – Treblinka – Sobibor.'' Minca 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-57237-1, p. 384s.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ulteriurs champs d’exterminaziun han furmà il Champ da concentraziun Majdanek sco er Maly Trostinez sper Minsk en la [[Bielorussia]].

A partir da l’avust 1942 han ins «rumì» ghettos ch’existivan anc en la Bielorussia e l’Ucraina, e quai per cumond da l’administraziun militara che vuleva spargnar contingents da mangiativas. Facticamain ha quai muntà che tut lur abitants èn vegnids mazzads, surtut a Wolhynien, Luzk, Wladimir Wolynsk, Brest-Litowsk e Pinsk. A Maly Trostinez han ins er fatg diever d’autos da gas. En bleras da questas mazzacras èn stads involvids unitads da la Wehrmacht, trais battagliuns da polizia, la polizia da protecziun staziunara, la schandarmaria e gidanters da l’exteriur.

Per camuflar ils mazzaments previs serviva per in circul da Gidieus privilegiads il Champ da concentraziun (numna «ghetto») Theresienstadt a Terezín sper Prag. Il 1941 han ins endrizzà quel sco champ transitoric per il transport da pli tard en ils champs d’exterminaziun. Gidieus da la Germania pudevan schizunt sa «cumprar en» là sut l’empermischun apparenta da vegnir provedids. En il champ da concentraziun vivevan dapli che 140&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus sin pitschen spazi e cun in’«administraziun autonoma gidieua» minimala. Ad ina delegaziun da la Crusch cotschna han ins mussà il fanadur 1944 quest champ da concentraziun sco lieu nua ch’ils praschuniers mainian apparentamain ina vita relativamain «normala».

La destinaziun principala dals transports or da tut las parts da l’Europa è daventà il 1942 il pli grond champ d’exterminaziun insumma, Auschwitz-Birkenau II. Ils 26 da settember 1941 aveva Himmler incumbensà Rudolf Höß d’extender il champ da lavur sfurzada ch’existiva dapi l’onn 1940. Singuls mazzaments tras il persunal da guardia tutgavan là tar il mintgadi. Uschia ha Karl Fritzsch laschà testar tranter ils 31 d’avust ed ils 5 da settember 1941 or d’atgna iniziativa l’emprima giada il product ciclon B che cuntegna gas toxic, e quai vi da 850 praschuniers da guerra sovietics e praschuniers malsauns.&lt;ref&gt;Robert Jan van Pelt: ''Auschwitz.'' En: Günther Morsch, Bertrand Perz: ''Neue Studien zu nationalsozialistischen Massentötungen durch Giftgas.'' Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-940938-99-2, p. 201 annot. 14.&lt;/ref&gt; Per il champ supplementar eran previs sis gronds crematoris. Sche quels eran gia vegnids dimensiunads da l’entschatta ennà en vista a mazzaments previs n’è betg cler. La fin zercladur 1942 han ins cumenzà a selecziunar a la rampa nua ch’ils trens arrivavan ils Gidieus che n’eran betg abels da lavurar e che duevan immediat vegnir mazzads. Il fanadur 1942 eran prontas duas chombras da gas, nua ch’han gì lieu ils mazzaments fin il favrer 1943. Il mars 1943 èn stads terminads ils crematoris cun mintgamai ina chombra das gas; da qua davent han quels servì mintga di a mazzar e brischar immediat millis novarrivads.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 99s.&lt;/ref&gt;

Da tut l’Europa ch’era occupada da truppas tudestgas han ils naziunalsocialists deportà cun trens massas d’umans senza fin en ils champs d’exterminaziun. Betg paucs deportads murivan durant il transport en vaguns da muaglia betg stgaudads. Arrivads en il champ, selecziunava la SS ils praschuniers per part tenor il criteri «abel da lavurar» e «betg abel da lavurar». Uffants, lur mammas sco er vegls e malsauns vegnivan immediat suenter la selecziun manads en las chombras da gas ch’eran camufladas sco duschas. Ad Auschwitz ha la SS fatg diever da ciclon B per ils mazzaments. La gronda maioritad dals depurtads vegniva gasifitgada immediat, senza als tetovar in numer da praschunier. Il gas d’acid cianidric manava ad in’intoxicaziun da cianid; quella effectuava ina stenschentada interna dolurusa che pudeva durar – tut tenor il grad d’inhalaziun – fin 20 minutas. Ils chavels, ils dents dad aur ed il possess privat da las unfrendas sco vestgadira, chalzers, egliers e valischs ha la SS tratg a niz finanzialmain. Praschuniers stuevan silsuenter brischar las baras en crematoris e foss da cremaziun.
[[Datoteca:Bones_of_anti-Nazi_German_women_still_are_in_the_crematoriums_in_the_German_concentration_camp_at_Weimar,_Germany.jpg|thumb|220px|Crematori en il Champ da concentraziun Buchenwald (suenter la liberaziun)]]
Ina descripziun exemplarica dal proceder ad Auschwitz-Birkenau dat Raul Hilberg en si’ovra da standard: Suenter ch’ils trens da deportaziun eran vegnids stgargiads, è suandada la selecziun; vegls malsauns e per part er uffants pitschens èn gia vegnids zavrads sin la rampa. En il champ da praschuniers ad Auschwitz manavan ins ils vegls e malsauns sin autos da vitgira tar las chombras da gas, persunas en possa vegnivan l’emprim engaschadas en il servetsch da lavur. La selecziun correspundenta succediva a moda superfiziala, ils novarrivads vegnivan chatschadas sper il medi ora, il qual mussava en ina da duas direcziuns: ubain vers il servetsch da lavur u immediat en las chombras da gas. Er en ils champs sezs (per exempel sin la plazza d’appel u en il lazaret dal champ) avevan lieu regularmain selecziuns. Ils umens e las dunnas che vegnivan attribuids a las chombras da gas stuevan sa svestgir, e quai uschia ch’i pareva sco sche la vestgadira vegniss puspè dada enavos suenter la duscha communabla. Per far finta, per evitar panica u per accelerar la procedura pretendevan las guardias per exempel ch’ins duaja far prescha per che l’aua en las duschas u la schuppa suenter far la duscha na vegnian betg fraidas. Per part èsi er capità l’enviern che las persunas ch’eran gia sa svestgidas stuevan star enturn uras al liber, enfin ch’ellas eran en retscha ed en tscherts cas han els udì ils sbratgs da quels ch’eran ids avant els en las chombras da gas. Per part han las unfrendas er scuvert en las chombras da gas che las duschas apparentas na funcziunavan betg. Suenter avair serrà ils ischs, han las guardias stizzà la glisch electrica, damai ch’il gas toxic en autas concentraziuns è facilmain inflammabel. In um da la SS cun mascra da gas speziala avriva il viertgel en il palantschieu sura e derscheva pellets da ciclon B sin il palantschieu da la chombra da gas. L’acid ciandric ch’è facilmain volatil sortiva dal granulat e sa repartiva en la stanza. En panica bittavan ils umans pli ferms enturn ils pli flaivels, empruvavan da guntgir dal lieu nua ch’il gas era vegnì bittà en e stevan sin persunas che devan enturn u che giaschevan per cuntanscher stresas d’aria libras da gas toxic. Datiers dal lieu nua ch’il gas era vegnì bittà en gievan las emprimas unfrendas en svaniment u murivan suenter ca. duas minutas. Plaunsieu laschava il sbragir suenter ed ils morts crudavan in sin l’auter sch’igl era avunda spazi. Suenter quindesch minutas eran tuts en la chombra da gas morts. La SS laschava sortir il gas e suenter ca. ina mes’ura avriva il commando spezial da praschuniers l’isch. Las baras chattav’ins mantunadas en furma da turs, intginas en posiziun sesenta u mez sesenta, ils uffants e la glieud veglia il pli giudim. Al lieu nua ch’il gas era vegnì bittà en sa chattava in spazi vid, damai ch’ils umans eran guntgids da là. In dumber pli grond d’umans sa chattava pressà cunter l’isch ch’els avevan empruvà d’avrir. La pel da las baras era da colur rosa, per part avevan quellas stgima davant ils levs u ch’igl aveva cumenzà ad ir sang-nas. Intginas baras eran cuvertas cun excrements ed urin, tar intginas dunnas en speranza aveva cumenzà la pagliola. Commandos spezials gidieus cun mascras da gas stuevan l’emprim rumir davent las baras da l’entrada per sa far liber la via. Alura stuevan els sprizzar giu las baras e las strair dapart. Per cas ch’i n’eran anc betg vegnids tagliads ils chavels a las dunnas, stuevan els far quai e lavar quels en ina soluziun da salmiac avant ch’als pachetar. En tut ils champs vegnivan las averturas dal corp controlladas sin objects da valur zuppads e tratgs ils dents dad aur. Alura vegnivan las baras transportadas tar ils crematoris.&lt;ref&gt;Raul Hilberg: ''Die Vernichtung der europäischen Juden.'' Tom 2. Francfurt a.M. 1990, p. 1037–1043.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bundant trais milliuns umans èn vegnids mazzads cun gas toxic; in terz dad els cun ciclon B, la gronda part tras gas da motors.&lt;ref&gt;Achim Trunk: ''Die todbringenden Gase.'' En: Günther Morsch, Bertrand Perz: ''Neue Studien zu nationalsozialistischen Massentötungen durch Giftgas.'' Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-940938-99-2, p. 24.&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Champ !! Construcziun (cumenzament) !! Cumenzament dals mazzaments !! Fin dals mazzaments !! Persunas mazzadas&lt;ref&gt;Valurs approximativas per Chełmno, Belzec, Sobibor e Treblinka tenor Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel: ''Der Ort des Terrors – Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager'', tom 8, Minca 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-57237-1, p. 301, 357–359, 385, 408. Valur approximativa per Majdanek tenor Thomasz Kranz: ''Die Erfassung der Todesfälle und die Häftlingssterblichkeit im KZ Lublin.'' En: ''Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft'', tom 55, 2007, p. 243. Valur approximativa per Maly Trostinez tenor Petra Rentrop: ''Maly Trostinez.'' En: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.): ''Der Ort des Terrors…'', tom 9, Minca 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-57238-8, p. 577.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Auschwitz-Birkenau II&lt;ref&gt;Danuta Czech: ''Kalendarium der Ereignisse im Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau 1939–1945.'' Reinbek bei Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-498-00884-6, p. 921.&lt;/ref&gt; || october 1941|| mars 1942 || november 1944 || 900&amp;nbsp;000–1&amp;nbsp;100&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| Chełmno || october 1941 || december 1941 || fanadur 1944 || dapli che 150&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| Belzec || november 1941 || mars 1942 || december 1942 || 435&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| Sobibor || favrer 1942 || avrigl 1942 || october 1943 || 150&amp;nbsp;000–250&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| Treblinka || zercladur 1942 || fanadur 1942 || avust 1943 || dapli che 900&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| Majdanek || october 1941 || favrer 1943 || fanadur 1944 || almain 78&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| Maly Trostinez || november 1941 || matg 1942 || zercladur 1944 || 60&amp;nbsp;000
|}

En divers champs da concentraziun ha la SS laschà far experiments cun umans per intents militars, medicinals ed auters. Las unfrendas èn per exempel vegnidas expostas en cabinas a pressiun ad ina pressiun da l’aria extrem auta u bassa, sfradentads en aua da glatsch, infizads cun bacterias ed abusads per experiments chirurgics. Ils delinquents, sco per exempel il medi da la SS [[Josef Mengele]], han prendì en cumpra sapientivamain e senza nagin scrupel ch’ils probands morian u subeschian donns da sanadad restants.

=== Extirpaziun dals Gidieus en tut l’Europa ===
Quest chapitel porscha l’emprim – en furma tabellara – ina survista cura che las deportaziuns sistematicas han cumenzà en ils singuls pajais (en successiun cronologica). Silsuenter vegn preschentada l’istorgia da las deportaziuns per mintga singul pajais (en successiun alfabetica).
==== Cumenzament da las deportaziuns sistematicas ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Data !! Pajais, citad !! Destinaziun&lt;ref&gt;Funtauna: Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 63.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16 d’october 1941 || Boemia e Moravia, Luxemburg || Ghetto Łódź
|-
| 24 da november 1941 || Prag || Theresienstadt
|-
| 25 da november 1941 || Berlin || Kaunas, Riga
|-
| 16 da mars 1942 || Lublin || Belzec
|-
| 30 da zercladur 1942 || Vienna || Sobibor
|-
| 17 da fanadur 1942 || Frantscha, Belgia, Pajais Bass || Auschwitz
|-
| 22 da fanadur 1942 || Varsovia || Auschwitz
|-
| 4 da mars1943 || Trachia, Macedonia, Pirot || Treblinka
|-
| 15 da mars 1943 || Grezia || Auschwitz
|-
| 2 d’october 1943 || Danemarc || Theresienstadt
|-
| 17 d’october 1943 || Italia || Auschwitz
|-
| 15 da matg 1944 || Ungaria || Auschwitz
|-
|}
==== Benelux ====
[[Datoteca:Al_SynagogueLux_Nazidefile.jpg|thumb|220px|Nazis defileschan davant la veglia sinagoga da Luxemburg (che dueva vegnir destruida il 1943)]]
La deportaziun da Gidieus or dal [[Luxemburg]] ha cumenzà ils 16 d’october 1941, damai ch’ins resguardava il Luxemburg en la dumonda dals Gidieus implicitamain sco part dal Reich. Fin ils 17 da zercladur 1943 èn 683 Gidieus da differenta naziunalitad vegnids deportads dal Luxemburg.&lt;ref&gt;Ino Arndt: ''Luxemburg – Deutsche Besetzung und Ausgrenzung der Juden''. En: ''Dimension des Völkermords''. Verlag Oldenbourg, Minca 1991, ISBN 3-486-54631-7, p. 103&lt;/ref&gt;

Il fanadur 1942 ha cumenzà la deportaziun da radund 25&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus or da la [[Belgia]] e da ca. 107&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus or dals Pajais Bass.

Dals 140&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus dals [[Pajais Bass]] han ins deportà 110&amp;nbsp;000. Bundant 100&amp;nbsp;000 èn vegnids mazzads; radund 6000 han survivì. Ils Pajais Bass furman il pajais da l’Europa dal Vest ch’ha gì per lunschor la pli auta quota da deportaziun. Per cumparegliar: En Belgia e Norvegia ha la quota da deportaziun munta 40&amp;nbsp;%, en Frantscha 25&amp;nbsp;%, en l’Italia 20&amp;nbsp;% ed en il Danemarc 2&amp;nbsp;%. La persecuziun dals Gidieus ha cumenzà il 1940 tenor l’exempel tudestg cun relaschar ils Gidieus dal servetsch public, ha manà sur la registraziun da tut ils Gidieus l’onn 1941 a lur exclusiun d’adina dapli domenas da la vita sociala e culturala ed al scumond da far diever d’indrizs publics. La stad 1942 han la finala cumenzà las deportaziuns; gia il 1943 valevan ils Pajais Bass sco praticamain «libers da Gidieus». Sur il champ transitoric polizial Westerbork en vischinanza dal cunfin tudestg rudlavan ils trens en direcziun dals champs d’exterminaziun. L’istoriograf ollandais Rémy Limpach ha publitgà il 2007 in studi davart la dumonda co ch’ils Pajais Bass – in pajais ch’è enconuschent per tradiziuns liberalas e tolerantas – ha cuntanschì ina quota da deportaziun talmain auta.&lt;ref&gt;Rémy Limpach: ''Das ‹Unvorstellbare›. Die Verfolgung der niederländischen Juden 1940–1945.'' VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, Saarbrücken 2008, ISBN 978-3-639-07280-8.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Bulgaria ====
En la [[Bulgaria]] ha la regenza introducì il schaner 1941 leschas da razza per la populaziun gidieua. Sin giavisch dals Tudestgs ha ella consentì la primavaira 1943 da deportar la populaziun gidieua dals territoris grecs Macedonia da l’Ost e Trachia dal Vest ch’ella aveva occupà il 1941 en rom da la campagna sin il Balcan. Almain 11 343 Grecs gidieus èn vegnids chatschads ensemen da l’armada e polizia bulgara e surdads als Tudestgs. Praticamain tuts èn vegnids mazzads en ils champs da concentraziun Auschwitz e Treblinka. A la pretensiun dals Tudestgs d’er surdar ils Gidieus bulgars n’ha la Bulgaria betg dà suatientscha. Il retg [[Boris III]], il metropolit [[Stefan]] da la baselgia bulgar-ortodoxa a [[Sofia]] sco er il parlament bulgar e la populaziun bulgara han refusà quai unanimamain.&lt;ref&gt;Martin Gilbert: ''The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust'', Londra 2002, ISBN 0-415-28146-6, p. 153.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Croazia ====
En il stadi independent [[Croazia]] da quel temp ha l’Ustascha, il reschim faschistic sut Ante Pavelić, gia relaschà l’avrigl 1941 leschas da razza cunter Serbs, Gidieus e Roma. Per ils Gidieus è suandada l’obligaziun da purtar sin la vestgadira in emblem radund da colur melna cun in ‹Z› per ‹Židov› (= Gidieu). En pli han ins endrizzà sin il territori dal stadi radund 40 champs da concentraziun e d’internament. Suenter commembers da la minoritad serba han ils Ustascha mazzà a partir da l’avust 1941 er millis Gidieus croats e da la Bosnia-Erzegovina en champs endrizzads per quest intent. A partir da l’avust 1942 han els deportà sut squitsch dals Tudestgs 5500 Gidieus internads ad Auschwitz-Birkenau. Il matg 1943 han ins puspè cuntinuà cun ils transports ch’eran entant vegnids sistids pervi da l’intervenziun da vart da l’Italia. Pli tard ha l’Italia – ch’era en il fratemp vegnida occupada da la Wehrmacht – endrizzà sco pussanza d’occupaziun il Champ da concentraziun Kampor sin l’insla Rab. Tenor Yad Vashem èn vegnids mazzads en la Croazia 30&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus, da quai radund 40&amp;nbsp;% en il Champ da concentraziun Jasenovac.&lt;ref&gt;Shoah Resource Center – Yad Vashem: [http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205930.pdf ''Croatia''], consultà ils 4 da mars 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Frantscha ====
[[Datoteca:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B10922,_Frankreich,_Paris,_festgenommene_Juden.jpg|thumb|220px|Arrestaziun da Gidieus a Paris (october 1944)]]
Ils 27 da mars 1942 han ins deportà l’emprima giada er Gidieus franzos: in tren ha transportà 1112 persunas da Compiègne en il Champ da concentraziun Auschwitz.&lt;ref name=&quot;chronik&quot;&gt;Bundesarchiv: [http://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=3 ''Chronologie der Deportationen aus Frankreich''] sin bundesarchiv.de.&lt;/ref&gt; Il matg ha Heydrich visità Paris per discutar cun il Reschim da Vichy davart in grond program da deportaziun. Latiers è er vegnida introducida la staila dals Gidieus. Ils 16 e 17 da fanadur ha la polizia arrestà a [[Paris]] tar ina gronda razzia radund 13&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus senza pass valaivel. Quels han ins manà cun trens regulars dal Champ da rimnada Drancy en il Champ da concentraziun Auschwitz e per ordinari mazzà immediat. Er or da la zona da la [[Frantscha]] che n’era betg occupada èn vegnids deportads a partir dals 17 d’avust 1942 Gidieus immigrads inclus lur uffants, e quai cumbain che quels giudevan atgnamain sco burgais franzos protecziun legala. Suenter che la Wehrmacht ha occupà ils 11 da november 1942 la part da la Frantscha che n’era betg occupada fin qua, han ils collavuraturs dad Eichmann organisà quests transports. En la zona enturn [[Nizza]] ch’era occupada dals Talians han las instanzas franzosas e talianas savens refusà fin il settember 1943 d’extrader ils Gidieus; dapli che la mesadad dals Gidieus franzos è mitschada da la deportaziun. Radund 75&amp;nbsp;000 dad els èn vegnids deportads, da quai han survivì ca. 3000.

==== Grezia ====
En [[Grezia]] èn ils Gidieus vegnids tractads a moda fitg differenta, tut tenor la pussanza d’occupaziun. En la part occidentala che steva sut occupaziun taliana als han autoritads protegì fin il settember 1943; en la part orientala che steva sut occupaziun tudestga e bulgara han ins manà ils Gidieus a partir dal mars 1943 nà da plirs champs da rimnada a Saloniki en 19 trens da vitgira surtut en il Champ da concentraziun Auschwitz-Birkenau per als mazzar. Suenter la capitulaziun da l’Italia envers ils Alliads dal vest (settember 1943) han ils Tudestgs tramess cun grondas stentas logisticas millis d’ulteriurs Gidieus nà da Korfu e da Rhodos en champs da concentraziun. Almain 58 885 Gidieus da la Grezia èn vegnids mazzads.&lt;ref&gt;Cf. Wolfgang Benz (ed.): ''Dimension des Völkermords. Die Zahl der jüdischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus''. dtv Minca 1996, ISBN 3-423-04690-2, cuntegna: Hagen Fleischer: ''Griechenland'', p. 241–274.&lt;/ref&gt;

Igl ha dà intginas acziuns d’agid sco per exempel il salvament da quasi tut ils Gidieus da l’insla Zakynthos tras la populaziun indigena u l’indicaziun u emissiun da documents persunals ed acts da naschientscha fallads tras las instanzas d’Athen.

==== Italia ====
Sin fundament da las leschas da razza talianas han ins discriminà ils Gidieus a partir dal 1938 cun la finamira d’als muventar d’emigrar. Cura che l’[[Italia]] è entrada en guerra il zercladur 1940 èn ils Gidieus da l’exteriur e quels da l’intern che vegnivan resguardads sco privlus vegnids tractads sco burgais da stadis ostils ed internads. Suenter l’Armistizi da Cassibile il settember 1943 vivevan ils Gidieus talians – malgrà las direzzas da l’internament e da las leschas da razzas en il territori talian – meglier ch’ils Gidieus en l’entira sfera d’influenza dal Reich tudestg. L’Italia n’ha extradì nagins Gidieus. Uffiziers e diplomats en ils territoris da la Croazia, Grezia e Frantscha dal Sid che stevan sut occupaziun taliana han er protegì là ils Gidieus cunter las pretensiuns da deportaziun dals Tudestgs.&lt;ref&gt;Susan Zuccotti: ''The Italians And The Holocaust.'' Basic Books, 1987, ISBN 1-870015-03-7, p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Suenter la cupitga da Mussolini e l’Armistizi da Cassibile han truppas da la Wehrmacht occupà il settember 1943 vastas parts da l’Italia. Radund in mais suenter l’occupaziun ha Eichmann incumbensà in’unitad mobila sut SS-Hauptsturmführer Theodor Dannecker d’arrestar e deportar ils Gidieus. L’unitad ha fatg pliras razzias, tranter auter a Roma nua ch’èn vegnids arrestads ils 16 d’october 1943 1259 Gidieus. En il fratemp era sa constituida cun agid tudestg la Republica socialistica taliana, la quala ha declerà en la Charta da Verona ils Gidieus talians sco persunas da l’exteriur ostilas. Ils 30 da november 1943 ha il minister da l’intern Guido Buffarini-Guidi ordinà che tut ils Gidieus stoppian vegnir arrestads e manads en champs da concentraziun talians. Da vart tudestga ha Friedrich Bosshammer substituì Dannecker; quel ha organisà da Verona ennà la «soluziun finala da la dumonda dals Gidieus». Champs da rimnada e transitorics sa chattavan a Borgo San Dalmazzo, Fossoli, Risiera di San Sabba e Bulsaun.&lt;ref&gt;Liliana Picciotto Fargion: ''Italien.'' En: ''Dimension des Völkermords.'' ed.: Wolfgang Benz, Oldenbourg, 1991, ISBN 3-486-54631-7, p. 202ss.&lt;/ref&gt; Dapli che 9000 Gidieus èn vegnids deportads tranter l’october 1943 ed il december 1944, per gronda part ad Auschwitz. En la regiun da Triest era activ il persunal da l’«Acziun Reinhard» ch’aveva midà il settember 1943 da la Pologna en l’Italia. Anc ils 26 d’avrigl 1945 èn vegnids commess là mazzaments.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Holocaust.'' Herder, Freiburg 2000, p. 92.&lt;/ref&gt;

Che er la polizia taliana, la milissa faschistica ed administraziuns communalas èn per part stadas cumpigliadas en las deportaziuns n’han ins ditg betg vulì vesair en l’opiniun publica, en la scienza ed en l’elavuraziun giuridica dal succedì (uschenumnà mitus da la ''Brava Gente'').&lt;ref&gt;Juliane Wetzel: ''Italien.'' En: Benz/Distel: ''Der Ort des Terrors.'' Tom 9, Beck, Minca 2015, ISBN 978-3-406-57238-8, p. 308.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Reich tudestg ====
[[Datoteca:German_J_stamped_passport_used_to_escape_Europe_in_1940.jpg|thumb|140px|Passaport tudestg cun il bul dals Gidieus]]
Ils 17 da settember 1941 ha Hitler decidì da cumenzar cun la deportaziun da tut ils Gidieus tudestgs ed europeics or da las zonas occupadas dal Reich en l’Europa da l’Ost; el ha uschia anticipà la procedura che dueva oriundamain vegnir realisada pir suenter la guerra. Uschia èn charrads ils emprims trens da transport da [[Berlin]], [[Minca]], [[Vienna]] e [[Prag]] a [[Łódź]] per serrar l’emprim 19&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus en il ghetto dal lieu ch’era gia pli che surchargià. Persuenter han ins manà a partir dal schaner 1942 abitants dal ghetto da derivanza betg tudestga a Chełmno per als gasifitgar. A partir dal mars han er Gidieus en la vegliadetgna sur 65 onns ch’eran vegnids schanegiads fin qua stuì ascender ils trens da deportaziun. La pressa na dastgava rapportar nagut da quai che succediva. Il matg èn pli grondas gruppas da Gidieus tudestgs vegnidas mazzadas a Minsk e Kulmhof. A partir dal zercladur èn cumprovads emprims transports ch’han manà dal Reich directamain en champs d’extirpaziun sco Sobibor e Belzec.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Holocaust.'' Herder, Freiburg 2000, p. 78ss.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Rumenia ====
La regenza da la [[Rumenia]] sut [[Antonescu]] ha laschà mazzar en gronds mazzaments en massa radund 350&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus rumens en ils territoris occupads ed ha uschia quasi extirpà quels dal tuttafatg. Be ils Gidieus da la Transilvania èn restads fin il mars 1944 sut la protecziun da l’Ungaria, fin ch’era quels èn vegnids manads ensemen cun ils Gidieus ungarais directamain ad Auschwitz. La deportaziun dals Gidieus dal territori oriund da la Rumenia ha il schef da stadi franà surprendentamain l’october 1942. Quels èn però restads exposts vinavant a persecuziuns e pogroms. 

==== Scandinavia ====
Il [[Danemarc]] ha la Wehrmacht occupà a partir dals 9 d’avrigl 1940. Sia regenza elegida democraticamain ha l’emprim dastgà lavurar vinavant sut l’occupaziun tudestga. Quella ha impedì cun success ch’i vegnia introducì la staila da Gidieus e leschas da razzas. Cura che la resistenza danaisa è s’augmentada la stad 1943, ha l’administraziun militara tudestga decidì da deportar ils Gidieus danais. Il termin previs, ils 1 e 2 d’october 1943, è vegnì enconuschent a temp, uschia che 7200 dad els han pudì mitschar cun bartgas da pestga en la Svezia neutrala. 483 Gidieus danais han ins deportà a Theresienstadt; cun excepziun da 50 han tuts survivì il holocaust.

734 Gidieus norvegiais èn vegnids per la vita ad Auschwitz. La Finlanda ha refusà d’extrader ils Gidieus finlandais. Da quels han intgins battì da la vart dals Tudestgs cunter l’Uniun sovietica. 

==== Serbia ====
Suenter la campagna militara sin il Balcan ha l’administraziun militara tudestga laschà eriger en la [[Serbia]] champs per adversaris politics, partisans e Gidieus. A partir dal settember 1941 ha ella commess mazzaments en massa vi dals Gidieus masculins en ils singuls abitadis. Ils 16 d’october han ins cumenzà a mazzar suenter mintga attatga da partisans tschient Gidieus internads.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 79.&lt;/ref&gt; A partir dal december 1941 èn dunnas, uffants e glieud veglia gidieua vegnids internads en il Champ da concentraziun Sajmište. Il matg 1942 ha la Gestapo dal lieu mazzà 6000 cun in auto da gas. Il reschim da collavuraziun sut [[Nedić]] ha relaschà leschas da razza ed è stà participà a l’arrestaziun da Gidieus. Il corp da voluntaris serb sut Dimitrije Ljotić ha sustegnì la SS.

==== Slovachia ====
Il reschim da marionetta da la [[Slovachia]] sut [[Jozef Tiso]], ch’è vegnì furmà il mars 1939, aveva gia cumenzà il november 1938 a deportar Gidieus slovacs en l’Ungaria ed en champs da lavur. Sut squitsch dal primminister slovac [[Vojtech Tuka]]&lt;ref&gt;Eleonore Lappin-Eppel: ''Ungarisch-Jüdische Zwangsarbeiter und Zwangsarbeiterinnen in Österreich 1944/45: Arbeitseinsatz – Todesmärsche – Folgen.'' Lit Verlag, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-643-50195-0, p. 35.&lt;/ref&gt; han ins deportà a partir dal mars 1942 sut il cumond dad Eichmann radund 58&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus slovacs en il district Lublin, ad Auschwitz e Majdanek. La gronda part dad els èn morts da la fom, da la lavur sfurzada e d’epidemias. L’avust 1942 èn quests transports vegnids franads suenter protestas da vart da las baselgias. Dus onns pli tard ha la Wehrmacht occupà la Slovachia; in’atgna gruppa d’acziun ha sinaquai arrestà e deportà radund 12&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus slovacs. 

==== Tschechia ====
[[Datoteca:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-680-8285A-06,_Budapest,_Festnahme_von_Juden.jpg|thumb|220px|Budapest: Gidieus vegnan mess a ferm e deportads ad Auschwitz (october 1944)]]
Senza la participaziun da la regenza tschecoslovaca han la Germania, l’Italia, la Gronda Britannia e la Frantscha suttascrit il settember 1938 la Cunvegna da Minca, tenor la quala la [[Tschecoslovachia]] ha stuì surlaschar las [[Sudetas]] a la Germania. Radund in terz dal territori statal è crudà al Reich tudestg. 

Suenter che truppas tudestgas han occupà ils 15 da mars 1939 la part dal pajais ch’era restada independenta, han ins endrizzà il protectorat Boemia e Moravia. E l’Emprima Republica slovaca è daventada in stadi satellit dal Reich tudestg (cf. survart).

Il matg 1942 è vegnì commess sin il protectur dal Reich [[Reinhard Heydrich]] in attentat mortal. Sco mesira da retorsiun han ils naziunalsocialists mazzà tut ils abitants dals vitgs Lidice e Ležáky. Durant il temp da l’occupaziun tudestga sa chattavan sin territori tschec il Champ da concentraziun Theresienstadt sco er plirs champs exteriurs dal Champ da concentraziun Flossenbürg, tranter auter Leitmeritz (Litoměřice). Dals 118&amp;nbsp;310 Gidieus che derivavan dals pajais tschecs èn 78&amp;nbsp;000 daventads in’unfrenda dal holocaust; 26&amp;nbsp;100 èn emigrads.

==== Ungaria ====
Da la fin 1940 fin l’october 1944 è l’[[Ungaria]] stada colliada uffizialmain cun la Germania naziunalsocialistica. Il pajais aveva occupà las Carpatas ucranaisas ed ha survegnì attribuì il 1940 da Hitler la part settentriunala da la Transilvania. 

Immediat suenter l’attatga sin l’Uniun sovietica (a partir dals 22 da zercladur 1941), a la quala l’Ungaria è er sa participada, ha la regenza da [[Miklós Horthy]] cumenzà a dischlocar ils Gidieus or dals territoris che stevan sut occupaziun ungaraisa; ins als ha chatschà vers ost e deportà en la Galizia Orientala. Quai è stà in dals motivs che duevan manar a la Mazzacra da Kamenez-Podolsk, nua ch’eran sa radunads 14&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus ungarais deportads. Silsuenter ha Horthy desistì da cumandar ulteriuras deportaziuns; percunter ha el stgaffì battagliuns or da lavurants sfurzads gidieus ch’han stuì batter ensemen cun las truppas ungaraisas cunter l’Armada cotschna. Da quels èn morts ca. 42&amp;nbsp;000, blers er pervi da mazzaments tras policists tudestgs. 

Perquai che Horthy n’ha betg fatg deportar ils ulteriurs Gidieus ungarais, malgrà che l’Armada cotschna s’avischinava, ha la Wehrmacht occupà il mars 1944 l’Ungaria. In commando sut Adolf Eichmann, tramess sin cumond da Hitler, ha endrizzà cun agid da funcziunaris ungarais da tenuta pro tudestga ghettos per ils Gidieus. A partir dals 15 da matg 1944 han ins deportà en tut 437&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus ungarais, l’emprim da las provinzas al cunfin, a partir dal fanadur 1944 er da [[Budapest]] ad Auschwitz; 320&amp;nbsp;000 dad els èn vegnids gasifitgads immediat. Bleras baras èn vegnidas brischadas sut tschiel avert, perquai ch’ils crematoris na lavuravan betg spert avunda. Cunter il princip da Hitler dal 1941 da manar pli nagins Gidieus en il Reich tudestg, èn 15&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus vegnids deportads a Strasshof an der Nordbahn en l’Austria Bassa.

Suenter protests massivs da vart dals Alliads dal vest e dal Vatican ha Horthy fatg interrumper ils 6 da fanadur ils transports. Intgins transports è Eichmann anc vegnì da realisar suenter questa data.

Ils 15 d’october èsi reussì al moviment faschistic da la Partida da las cruschs a frizzas da far cun agid tudestg in putsch cunter Horthy. Els han mazzà radund 9000 Gidieus or dal ghetto da Budapest. A blers abitants dal ghetto èsi reussì da mitschar ad interim dal pir cun agid da pass da protecziun svedais u svizzers. Radund 78&amp;nbsp;000 dals Gidieus ungarais restants èn però vegnids tschiffads e tramess dad Eichmann sin marschs da la mort en direcziun da l’Austria.&lt;ref&gt;Margit Szöllösi-Janze: ''Die Pfeilkreuzlerbewegung in Ungarn'', p. 427.&lt;/ref&gt; En champs al Südostwall han Gidieus stuì prestar lavur sfurzada. Il general da la Waffen-SS Hans Jüttner è stà uschè schoccà da quai ch’el ha vis sin in viadi d’inspecziun ch’el ha reclamà tar il manader da la SS e da la polizia superiur en l’Ungaria, Otto Winkelmann.

=== Fasa finala ===
[[Datoteca:Members_of_a_Sonderkommando_1005_unit_pose_next_to_a_bone_crushing_machine_in_the_Janowska_concentration_camp.png|thumb|220px|Suenter lur liberaziun tras l’Armada cotschna: Anteriurs commembers da l’‹Acziun speziala 1005› sper in mulin dad ossa]]
Gia la fin da l’onn 1941, suenter avair pers la Battaglia davant Moscau, han ils organs directivs dal Reich tudestg planisà d’eliminar ils fastizs dals mazzaments en massa avant che l’Armada cotschna possia scuvrir quels. A partir da l’atun 1942 han ins l’emprim exhumà a Kulmhof e Belzec baras e brischà quellas. Il champ è vegnì serrà. Ils edifizis e las saivs dal Champ Treblinka han ‹Gidieus da lavur› stuì spazzar; silsuenter èn els vegnids sajettads. Sin il terren han ins sinaquai tschentà plantas.&lt;ref&gt;Wolfgang Benz: ''Der Holocaust.'' 7. ed., Minca 2008, p. 115.&lt;/ref&gt;

Suenter che schuldads da la Wehrmacht han chattà l’avrigl 1943 fossas communablas da la Mazzacra da Katyn commessa tras ils soviets, ha la direcziun tudestga mess ad ir l’‹Acziun speziala 1005›: Plirs commandos spezials han sfurzà Gidieus e praschuniers da guerra sovietics da chavar si las fossas communablas da Gidieus e da brischar lur baras, per exempel a Babyn Jar sper Kiev. Els stuevan moler l’ossa da las unfrendas dals mazzaments e sterner quella ensemen cun la tschendra da las baras en ils guauds. Il mars 1944 han ins er mazzà quests lavurants sfurzads che furmavan perditgas nungiavischadas. Talas emprovas da zuppentar ils mazzaments èn er suandadas en la Pologna e sin il Balcan. Damai che sajettadas en massa e lieus da champs na sa laschavan strusch tegnair secret, han ins chattà suenter la fin da la guerra quasi tut las fossas communablas dals crims naziunalsocialistics.

Suenter la [[Battaglia da Stalingrad]] il mars 1943 è la Wehrmacht plaunsieu sa retratga da l’Europa da l’Ost. Praschuniers dals Tudestgs na duevan en nagin cas crudar en ils mauns da l’Armada cotschna. Tar la retratga han il persunal da guardia, la Gestapo e la polizia da segirezza commess bleras mazzacras vi da dieschmillis praschuniers, per part or d’atgna iniziativa, per part sin cumond da las instanzas surordinadas. Uschia ha il schef da la polizia da segirezza dal Guvernament general cumandà ils 20 da fanadur 1944 la «rumida totala» da tut las praschuns dal lieu, da «liquidar» ils cussedents per cas ch’i na sa laschian organisar nagins transports, da brischar las baras e da siglientar ils edifizis.

Correspundentamain avevan las administraziuns dals champs ed ils schefs da polizia regiunals organisà dapi il december 1943 ils emprims transports vers vest; persunas «betg transportablas» eran vegnidas selectadas e mazzadas immediat. Il schaner 1945 ha cumenzà l’«evacuaziun» da tut ils champs da concentraziun en l’ost; las lavurs correspundentas han cuntinuà fin ils ultims dis da guerra l’avrigl. Dal Champ da concentraziun Stutthof han 17&amp;nbsp;000, dad Auschwitz 58&amp;nbsp;000 persunas stuì marschar a pe vers vest. Tgi che na pudeva betg suenter u crudava per terra vegniva sajettà da las guardias, per part er d’indigens cun passar tras in lieu. Er cun transportar praschuniers en trens fullanads resp. pli tard en ils champs da recepziun èn morts millis. Dals dus marschs da la mort numnads han be radund 1500 persunas cuntanschì la Germania en vita. 

Tar tut questas mesiras èn ils radund 200&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus ch’avevan survivì fin qua la lavur sfurzada ed ils champs d’exterminaziun danovamain vegnids tractads a moda spezialmain brutala. Ins stima che radund 100&amp;nbsp;000 persunas sajan mortas tras marschs da la mort ed en tut 300&amp;nbsp;000 cun mazzar praschuniers.

A partir dal favrer 1945 han las autoritads naziunalsocialisticas er laschà brischar actas. En circularas han ils Gauleiter ordinà da destruir surtut «cumonds secrets dal Führer» ed auters documents secrets che concernian ils mazzaments e l’extirpaziun.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 147–152.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dumbers totals da las unfrendas gidieuas ==
[[Datoteca:WannseeList.jpg|thumb|180px|Conferenza da Wannsee: Glista ch’enumerescha il dumber da Gidieus che vivan en ils singuls stadis europeics]]
Fin ils onns 1990 sa laschavan ils dumbers da las victimas dal holocaust be stimar a moda approximativa. Durant il holocaust avevan gasettas naziunalsocialisticas savens numnà cifras realisticas areguard il dumber d’unfrendas. Uschia ha la gasetta ‹Der Danziger Vorposten› fatg menziun ils 13 da matg 1944 da «grondas sperditas» dal giudaissem en l’Europa da l’Ost. Be en la Pologna e l’Ungaria sajan vegnids «eliminads» tschintg milliuns Gidieus, ulteriurs 1½ milliuns sajan exposts a «mesiras legalas» correspundentas.&lt;ref&gt;Frank Bajohr, Dieter Pohl: ''Der Holocaust als offenes Geheimnis: Die Deutschen, die NS-Führung und die Alliierten.'' Beck, Minca 2006, ISBN 3-406-54978-0, p. 58.&lt;/ref&gt; En il [[Process da Nürnberg]] cunter ils delinquents da guerra principals è vegnida numnada il 1946 l’emprima giada la cifra approximativa da sis milliuns Gidieus che sajan vegnids mazzads. En ina decleranza sut engirament ha Wilhelm Höttl, ch’è stà fin il 1945 collavuratur en l’Uffizi central da la segirtad dal Reich (Reichssicherheitshauptamt, RSHA). rapportà ch’el saja vegnì a savair dad Adolf Eichmann il suandant: 

«En ils divers champs d’exterminaziun sajan vegnids mazzads radund quatter milliuns Gidieus. Dus ulteriurs milliuns èn vegnids per la vita en autra moda. La gronda part dad els è vegnida sajettada tras commandos d’acziun da la polizia da segirezza durant la campagna militara cunter la Russia.»&lt;ref&gt;Document 2738-PS, US-296, cità tenor: ''Der Prozess gegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher vor dem Internationalen Militärgerichtshof. Nürnberg 14. November 1945–1. Oktober 1946.'' Nürnberg 1947, tom 3, p. 635.&lt;/ref&gt;

Perscrutaders dal holocaust han l’emprim stimà ch’i sajan vegnids mazzads tranter il 1939 ed il 1945 pli paucs Gidieus: Gerald Reitlinger ha stimà il 1953 lur dumber sin 4,2 fin 4,7&lt;ref&gt;Gerald Reitlinger: ''The Final Solution.'' 1953.&lt;/ref&gt;, Raul Hilberg il 1961 sin 5,1 milliuns.&lt;ref&gt;Raul Hilberg: ''The Destruction of the European Jews.'' 1961.&lt;/ref&gt; Martin Gilbert ha calculà il 1982 in dumber d’unfrendas da 5,7 milliuns.&lt;ref&gt;Martin Gilbert: ''Endlösung. Die Vertreibung und Vernichtung der Juden. Ein Atlas.'' 1982.&lt;/ref&gt; Il 1987 ha l’‹Enciclopedia dal holocaust›, ch’è vegnida scritta d’in collectiv d’auturs internaziunal, purtà ensemen or da blers stadis las stimaziuns las pli exactas ch’eran pussaivlas da quel temp ed è vegnida sin la cifra da ca. 5,6 milliuns.

Tras archivs sovietics ch’èn vegnids dads libers a partir dal 1990 han pudì vegnir controlladas las cifras d’unfrendas per la Pologna e l’Uniun sovietica ch’eran stadas fin qua intschertas. Tranter auter han ins pudì evaluar glistas da deportaziun, uraris da trens e glistas da commembers da cuminanzas gidieuas d’avant e suenter il holocaust. Igl è sa mussà ch’il dumber da las victimas dals champs da concentraziun dad Auschwitz era pli bass che supponì, ma ch’igl eran vegnids mazzads be là 1,1 milliuns umans, tranter quels almain 900&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus.&lt;ref&gt;Francisek Piper: ''Die Zahl der Opfer von Auschwitz.'' 1993.&lt;/ref&gt;

Wolfgang Benz è s’occupà il 1991 (ediziun cumplettada il 1996) cun tut las funtaunas accessiblas dapi il 1990 e cun las differentas metodas d’evaluaziun e da calculaziun da las cifras d’unfrendas. Burkhard Asmuss ha publitgà il 2002 ina glista cun stimaziuns per part in pau pli generalas.&lt;ref&gt;Burkhard Asmuss (ed.): ''Holocaust. Der nationalsozialistische Völkermord und die Motive seiner Erinnerung.'' Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-932353-60-9.&lt;/ref&gt; Tut en tut è sa confermà in dumber total d’almain 5,6 milliuns e da fin a 6,3 milliuns Gidieus ch’èn vegnids mazzads. Vitiers vegnan cifras per blessads e stgatschads.

Il lieu commemorativ Yad Vashem a Jerusalem dumbrava il december 2010 bundant quatter milliuns unfrendas ch’eran registradas en la cartoteca da persunas, vul dir identifitgadas cun num. 2,2 milliuns da quests nums han attribuì confamigliars u amis, ils auters han ins retschertgà en archivs.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#E9E9E9&quot;   |- style=&quot;background-color:#B0C4DE;&quot;
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| Pajais
! ‹Dimension des Völkermords› (2/1996)
! ‹Enzyklopädie des Holocaust› (4/2002)
! Burkhard Asmuss&lt;ref&gt;Asmuss subsummescha las unfrendas da l’Albania, Danemarc, Luxemburg, Norvegia ed Africa dal Nord sut «ulteriurs pajais». La cifra allegada dad Asmuss sut Bulgaria sa referescha als territoris occupads; tut ils Gidieus da la Bulgaria èn vegnids salvads. (— signifitga en l’entira tabella: naginas indicaziuns).&lt;/ref&gt; (1/2002)
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Albania || 591 || — || —
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Austria || 65&amp;nbsp;900 || 50&amp;nbsp;000 || 65&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Belgia || 28&amp;nbsp;518 || 28&amp;nbsp;900 || 25&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Bulgaria || 11&amp;nbsp;393 || — || —
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Danemarc || 116 || 60 || —
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Estonia || — || — || 1000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Frantscha || 76&amp;nbsp;134 || 77&amp;nbsp;320 || 75&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Germania || 160&amp;nbsp;000&lt;!-- –195&amp;nbsp;000 --&gt; || 134&amp;nbsp;500&lt;!-- –141&amp;nbsp;500 --&gt; || 165&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Grezia || 59&amp;nbsp;185 || 60&amp;nbsp;000&lt;!-- –70&amp;nbsp;000 --&gt; || 59&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Italia || 6513 || 7680 || 7000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Jugoslavia || 60&amp;nbsp;000&lt;!-- –65&amp;nbsp;000 --&gt; || 56&amp;nbsp;200&lt;!-- –63&amp;nbsp;300 --&gt; || 65&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Lettonia || — || — || 67&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Lituania || — || — || 160&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Luxemburg || 1200 || 1950 || —
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Norvegia || 758 || 762 || —
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Pajais Bass || 102&amp;nbsp;000 || 100&amp;nbsp;000 || 102&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Pologna || 2&amp;nbsp;700&amp;nbsp;000 || 2&amp;nbsp;900&amp;nbsp;000&lt;!-- –3&amp;nbsp;000&amp;nbsp;000 --&gt; || 3&amp;nbsp;000&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Rumenia || 211&amp;nbsp;214 || 271&amp;nbsp;000&lt;!-- –287&amp;nbsp;000 --&gt; || 350&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tschecoslovachia || 143&amp;nbsp;000 || 146&amp;nbsp;150&lt;!-- –149&amp;nbsp;150 --&gt; || 260&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Ungaria || 550&amp;nbsp;000 || 550&amp;nbsp;000&lt;!-- –569&amp;nbsp;000 --&gt; || 270&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Uniun sovjetica || 2&amp;nbsp;100&amp;nbsp;000 || 1&amp;nbsp;211&amp;nbsp;500&lt;!-- –1&amp;nbsp;316&amp;nbsp;500 --&gt;|| 1&amp;nbsp;000&amp;nbsp;000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | ulteriurs pajais || — || — || 2800
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot; style=&quot;background:#E9E9E9&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | '''min.–max.'''  || '''6&amp;nbsp;276&amp;nbsp;522–6&amp;nbsp;316&amp;nbsp;522''' || '''5&amp;nbsp;596&amp;nbsp;022–5&amp;nbsp;863&amp;nbsp;122'''|| '''5&amp;nbsp;673&amp;nbsp;800'''
|}

== Delinquents ==
[[Datoteca:Doctors'_trial,_Nuremberg,_1946–1947.jpg|thumb|220px|Accusads durant ils Process da Nürnberg (1946/47)]]
Il holocaust n’è betg stà il project d’ina singula autoritad e n’è betg vegnì realisà be da singuls delinquents incumbensads cun l’execuziun. Anzi al han bleras instituziuns da tut ils secturs da la societad tudestga pussibilità, purtà, planisà, organisà e realisà. Dapi las perscrutaziuns da Raul Hilberg vegnan examinads ils process da decisiun birocratics, la spartiziun da la lavur, las cumpetenzas e la collavuraziun da las singulas partiziuns, ma er interess communabels, il consens ideologic e colliaziuns praticas tranter las veglias e las novas elitas, la direcziun e la populaziun.

Ils istoriografs partan oz da radund 500&amp;nbsp;000 «involvids a las maisas da scriver ed als lieus d’acziun», per gronda part umens tudestgs ed austriacs, e d’ulteriurs tschientmillis collavuraturs or dals stadis occupads u alliads cun ils Tudestgs.&lt;ref&gt;Konrad Kwiet: ''Rassenpolitik und Völkermord.'' En: ''Enzyklopädie des Nationalsozialismus'', 1998, p. 62; Dieter Pohl: ''Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933–1945.'' Darmstadt 2003, p. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ils delinquents principals han furmà ils commembers da tut ils champs directivs dal stadi naziunalsocialistic:
* Hitler ed il cader il pli stretg dal reschim naziunalsocialistic han definì las lingias directivas da la politica d’extirpaziun e transfurmà quellas en cumonds ed ordinaziuns.
* La partida da massa NSDAP ha mess ad ir la propaganda demagogica che dueva preparar ed accumpagnar il holocaust; ils Gauleiter ed Ortsgruppenleiter han fatg progredir la privaziun dals dretgs e la deportaziun dals Gidieus e d’autras gruppas d’unfrendas en lur sfera da pussanza; la SA e la Giuventetgna da Hitler èn sa participads directamain vi d’acziuns da persecuziun e da mazzament dal temp d’avantguerra (p.ex. boicots da Gidieus a partir dal 1933, Pogroms dal november 1938) e vers la fin da la guerra (crims cunter praschuniers sin marschs da la mort e.a.). 
* La SS sco organisaziun da terror elitara, obligada al Führer persunalmain, ha realisà cun sias numerusas sutpartiziuns e sutorganisaziuns en ils territoris annectads e conquistads la politica da razza e d’extirpaziun ed organisà il sistem da ghettos e champs. Qua na portan betg be las gruppas d’acziun ina responsabladad centrala, mabain er ils battagliuns da polizia e lur caders sco er l’entira direcziun superiura cun ils uffizis principals (surtut l’Uffizi central da la segirtad dal Reich, Reichssicherheitshauptamt). 
* La Gestapo sco er la polizia da la segirtad publica e criminala duevan chattar tut ils «inimis dal Reich e dal pievel», survegliar ed «eliminar quels»; tut questas partiziuns han collavurà stretgamain cun la SS.
* La Wehrmacht: Ils commandos superiurs e generals da quella han gidà a purtar las finamiras d’extirpaziun da la guerra cunter l’Uniun sovietica, han mess en la pratica quellas en furma da cumonds che cuntraschevan al dretg internaziunal ed han gidà en differenta moda ad extirpar ils Gidieus, per exempel cun metter a disposiziun schuldads per execuziuns en massa, cun sfurzar tras ch’ils Gidieus vegnian segnads cun la staila en ils territoris occupads, cun zavrar praschuniers da guerra gidieus e mazzar u laschar mazzar Gidieus sco partisans.
* Bleras associaziuns economicas ed industrialas sco er interpresas han profità da l’arisaziun, da la lavur sfurzada e da l’industria d’exterminaziun en ils champs ed han gidà a metter ad ir las mesiras correspundentas.
* Las administraziuns d’occupaziun civilas e militaras, surtut en l’Europa da l’Ost, han organisà e realisà en lur territoris il sfruttament economic e la politica da populaziun rassistica. Per part èn las differentas regiuns schizunt entradas en concurrenza ina cun l’autra areguard la dumonda tgenina che saja sco emprima «libra da Gidieus» ed han fatg en quest connex squitsch sin las autoritads centralas a Berlin.
* Il persunal da bleras instanzas statalas ed administrativas ha collavurà cun leschas, ordinaziuns, acts administrativs e mesiras concretas vi da la persecuziun, exclusiun, deportaziun ed exterminaziun dals Gidieus. «I na deva strusch in uffizi che n’era betg participà ex officio en ina moda u l’autra vi da la ‹schliaziun› da la ‹dumonda dals Gidieus›.»&lt;ref&gt;Konrad Kwiet: ''Rassenpolitik und Völkermord.'' En: ''Enzyklopädie des Nationalsozialismus.'' 1998, p. 59.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sco gruppas da delinquents indirectas, ma pervi da quai betg main responsablas, vegnan considerads: 
* Instituts scientifics, universitads e facultads (p.ex. en la medischina, etnologia u planisaziun da terren) ch’han fatg ina perscrutaziun intenziunada e furnì motivs ideologics, elavurà plans e surdà incumbensas – p.ex. en connex cun experiments cun umans – ch’han manà ad acziuns da mazzament concretas. 
* Las baselgias ch’han mess a disposiziun lur registers da batten e da nozzas per registrar las persunas «betg aricas», ch’han sezzas emess «cumprovas aricas» e ch’han per gronda part distgargià moralmain ils delinquents.
* Parts da la populaziun en il Reich tudestg ed en ils territoris occupads ch’han sustegnì la persecuziun dals Gidieus.

== Enconuschientschas dal holocaust durant il temp naziunalsocialistic ==
[[Datoteca: Hitler_Youth_view_Victims_of_Death_Train_at_Dachau.jpg|thumb|220px|Dachau: Schuldads americans confruntan la Giuventetgna da Hitler cun il ‹tren da la mort› (30 d’avrigl 1945)]]
=== Reich tudestg ===
La propaganda naziunalsocialistica ha suandà en la publicitad ina strategia dubla: D’ina vart han ils exponents dal reschim discurrì avertamain davart la ‹dumonda dals Gidieus›, sco er davart l’extirpaziun e destrucziun dals Gidieus; da l’autra vart han els sapientivamain laschà avert cura e co che las mesiras correspundentas duain vegnir realisadas. La retorica ambigua era intenziunada per laschar la populaziun tudestga intscherta areguard quai che capitava concretamain. La persecuziun creschenta dals Gidieus en l’Europa ha gì lieu davant ils egls da tuts. Las deportaziuns sa splegavan sin plazzas publicas e staziuns dal tren, vegnivan però preschentadas sco «translocaziuns» en champs da lavur. En vista a las acziuns d’extirpaziun ha il reschim cumandà la secretezza la pli severa; als commembers da la SS eri scumandà sut paina da mort da rapportar davart quai che succediva. 

L’isolaziun, privaziun dals dretgs, depauperisaziun e la finala la spariziun successiva dals Gidieus or da la vita publica en il Reich tudestg era evidenta. La gronda part dals Tudestgs ha prendì en cumpra las deportaziuns. En il decurs dal holocaust èn vegnids enconuschents adina dapli detagls. I n’era betg adina pussaivel da survegliar che tut vegnia tegnì secret, e cuntravenziuns n’èn betg adina vegnidas punidas. Che «translocaziuns» muntavan facticamain mazzaments en massa èn intgins Tudestgs vegnids a savair tras schuldads che sa chattavan en congedi en la patria, cun tadlar emetturs dals adversaris e tras «propaganda sut vusch» ([[Hannah Arendt]]). Il cumbattant da resistenza Helmuth James Graf von Moltke ha scrit il 1943: «Almain nov dieschavels da la populaziun na san betg che nus avain mazzà tschientmillis da Gidieus.» Ma er il dieschavel ch’aveva retschet infurmaziuns pli detagliadas è – cun paucas excepziuns – restà passiv. Betg savair e betg vulair savair gievan en connex cun il holocaust stretgamain in en l’auter.

=== Alliads ===
Dapi il 1933 han divers stadis da l’exteriur crititgà la politica da l’intern naziunalsocialistica, surtut la persecuziun da Gidieus e d’autras minoritads. Las quotas d’immigraziun per fugitivs gidieus en ils Stadis Unids n’èn però betg s’augmentadas.&lt;ref&gt;Wolfgang G. Schwanitz: ''America and the Third Reich,'' versiun online [http://www.trafoberlin.de/pdf-dateien/2010_06_16/Richard%20Breitman%20McDonald%20Papers.pdf 5-2010] (PDF; 274&amp;nbsp;kB).&lt;/ref&gt; A chaschun da la Conferenza d’Évian il fanadur 1938, ch’il president american [[Roosevelt]] aveva inizià, n’è quasi nagin stadi participant stà pront da prender si fugitivs gidieus u d’augmentar sia quota d’immigraziun.

Suenter il cumenzament da la guerra è la critica da vart dals Alliads s’augmentada; tuttina n’han ins betg evacuà ils Gidieus europeics a moda preventiva cunter las truppas da las Pussanzas da l’axa ch’avanzavan. Dapi il 1941 è vegnida enconuschenta als Alliads la politica d’exterminaziun sistematica dal reschim naziunalsocialistic, quai suenter avair pudì decifrar il code dals rapports da polizia che vegnivan tramess regularmain a Berlin. Els han condemnà quella cun pleds fitg clers ed han er duvrà quella per giustifitgar lur strategia da guerra. Mez december 1942 han ils [[Stadis Unids]], la [[Gronda Britannia]] e diesch ulteriuras regenzas avertì la regenza tudestga «ch’ils responsabels na vegnan betg a mitschar a las mesiras da retorsiun» (Decleranza dals Alliads areguard l’extirpaziun dals Gidieus dals 17 da december 1942). Prendì mesiras concretas per terminar u retegnair il holocaust n’han els però betg. Dapi ch’ils Stadis Unids èn entrads en guerra han quels persequità la finamira da far capitular dal tuttafatg il reschim naziunalsocialistic.

Cura ch’èn vegnidas publitgads las emprimas novitads davart l’extirpaziun dals Gidieus – sco per exempel in artitgel da Szmul Zygielbojm en il ‹Daily Telegraph› dals 25 da zercladur 1942&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150308181331/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/11370972/Holocaust-Memorial-Day-Telegraph-revealed-Nazi-gas-chambers-three-years-before-liberation-of-Auschwitz.html ''Holocaust Memorial Day: Telegraph revealed Nazi gas chambers three years before liberation of Auschwitz''], en: ''The Telegraph'' dals 26 da schaner 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; –, ha il ministeri da l’exteriur dals Stadis Unids empruvà da supprimer la publicaziun da tals artitgels. Sut pressiun da l’opiniun publica ha danovamain gì lieu l’avrigl 1943 a Bermuda ina conferenza internaziunala per chattar schliaziuns per ils fugitivs. Sco gia la conferenza precedenta ad Évian è er quella restada senza resultats concrets. Pir suenter l’intervenziun dal minister da finanzas Henry Morgenthau ha Roosevelt annunzià ils 22 da schaner 1944 d’installar il War Refugee Board. Quest gremi ha gidà a spendrar millis da Gidieus.

La regenza britannica ha impedì e tralaschà en singuls cas acziuns d’agid che fissan stadas pussaivlas. Cura ch’intgins deputads han pretendì il december 1942 ch’i stoppia vegnir garantì a fugitivs gidieus asil, ha il ministeri da l’exteriur britannic refusà quai cun l’argumentaziun ch’i dettia «resalvas da segirezza» e «problems geografics». L’entschatta 1943 è vegnì enconuschent ch’ins avess pudì spendrar en [[Svizra]] 70&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus rumens cun depositar ina tscherta summa. La regenza aveva bloccà il plan, damai ch’ella temeva che quai flaivlentia l’atgna posiziun e rinforzia la posiziun tudestga.

Suenter avair fatg il Patg da nunagressiun tranter la Germania e l’Uniun sovietica (avust 1939) han las autoritads sovieticas surdà als naziunalsocialists Gidieus tudestgs, tranter quels blers communists ch’avevan tschertgà refugi en l’Uniun sovietica. Ed er cura che la Wehrmacht ha attatgà il zercladur 1941 l’Uniun sovietica n’ha quella betg resguardà la speziala periclitaziun dals Gidieus sovietics. Las medias statals sovieticas han taschentà la politica d’extirpaziun tudestga. Ils fugitivs gidieus han savens chattà nagin sustegn da vart dals partisans, n’èn betg vegnids acceptads da quels sco cumpogns da cumbat ed èn per part vegnids sblundregiads.

== Resistenza ed emprovas da salvament ==
=== Gidieus ===
[[Datoteca:Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_08.jpg|thumb|220px|Sullevaziun en il Ghetto da Varsovia (avrigl/matg 1943)]]
Ils 31 da december 1941 ha Abba Kovner fatg appel als Gidieus en tut il mund cun in fegl sgulant da far resistenza ed ha crititgà che las unfrendas sa laschian manar «al banc da batgaria sco las nursas». Uschia è sa furmà il clisché endinà dal cumportament senza resistenza da tut las unfrendas. Pir dapi ils onns 1980 ha la perscrutaziun differenzià e curregì quest maletg.&lt;ref&gt;David Bankier (ed.): ''Fragen zum Holocaust. Interviews mit prominenten Forschern und Denkern: Interviews mit Christopher Browning, Jacques Derrida, Saul Friedländer, Hans Mommsen e.a.'' Wallstein Verlag, 2006, p. 76.&lt;/ref&gt;

Be paucs Gidieus han sminà las dimensiuns dal «destin» ch’era previs per els. Las infurmaziuns davart champs d’exterminaziun che cursavan enturn il 1942/43 adina dapli en ils ghettos gidieus da la [[Pologna]], da la [[Lituania]] e da la [[Bielorussia]] han blers considerà sco puras tunas. In plan d’extincziun da tut ils Gidieus pareva als blers a l’entschatta nunvardaivel, gia en vista a las dimensiuns che quel avess stuì avair. Blers crajevan d’almain pudair surviver cun far lavur da sclav fin ch’ils Tudestgs sajan victorisads. 

In cunterexempel ed in stimul per la resistenza gidieua insumma ha furmà la Sullevaziun en il Ghetto da Varsovia dals 19 d’avrigl fin ils 16 da matg 1943. Organisà quel ha l’organisaziun da cumbat gidieua ZOB en quel mument ch’ils naziunalsocialists vulevan schliar il ghetto dal tuttafatg e deportar tut ils Gidieus restants en ils champs d’exterminaziun, surtut a Treblinka. Sut privel da vita avevan curriers fatg entrar armas en il ghetto gidieu. Uschia èsi l’emprim reussì a l’organisaziun clandestina da far frunt als commandos da rumida da la SS. S’avischinond la SS cun chars armads e chanuns d’artigliaria han las gruppas da resistenza gidieuas pudì sa tegnair quatter ulteriuras emnas en il cumbat chasa per chasa. La finala han els stuì sa surdar ed èn per gronda part vegnids sajettads. Be a paucs èsi reussì da mitschar tras la chanalisaziun.

Er en auters ghettos da Gidieus èn sa furmadas gruppas da resistenza; quellas han gidà persunas da fugir e mess ad ir singulas revoltas, per exempel a Białystok e Vilnius. Ultra da quai èn proruttas en intgins champs sullevaziuns da praschuniers gidieus. Uschia per exempel la sullevaziun da radund 400 praschuniers a Treblinka ils 2 d’avust 1943, la quala intendeva da destruir il champ ed ha manà ad ina fugia en massa da praschuniers gidieus. Ils 14 d’october 1943 han praschuniers da guerra sovietics e gidieus mess ad ir la sullevaziun da Sobibór en la Pologna da l’Ost. Las persunas cumpigliadas han mazzà nov guardias, quai ch’ha manà ad ina sullevaziun en massa dals praschuniers. A 65 praschuniers gidieus èsi reussì da fugir. La fin 1943 han ils naziunalsocialists dà si il champ.

En il Champ da concentraziun Auschwitz-Birkenau hai dà radund 700 emprovas da fugir, da quai ca. 300 ch’han gì success. Ils 7 d’october 1944 ha gì lieu ina sullevaziun dal commando spezial gidieu ch’aveva da brischar las baras gasifitgadas. Cun agid da material explosiv che dunnas avevan fatg entrar adascus han praschuniers destruì ina part dal crematori IV. 250 dad els han empruvà da fugir, èn però bainspert vegnids tschiffads e mazzads.

En l’entira Europa èn millis Gidieus che sa tegnevan zuppads sa participads a la guerra da partisans cunter l’occupaziun tudestga, surtut en [[Frantscha]], [[Belgia]], ils [[Pajais Bass]], l’[[Italia]], ils stadis dal [[Balcan]] e la [[Grezia]]. En l’Europa da l’Ost, en spezial en la Pologna segnada dal catolicissem, han Gidieus ch’eran mitschads da champs da concentraziun e ghettos be darar pudì s’unir cun gruppas da partisans existentas, damai che er baininqual adversari dal naziunalsocialissem aveva ina tenuta antisemitica. Perquai èn sa furmadas là unitads da partisans gidieuas; malgrà che quellas avevan a l’entschatta pauca experientscha, èn ellas bainspert sa fatgas in num pervi da lur cumbattants spezialmain energics e motivads. L’Armada cotschna ch’avanzava als ha sinaquai per part munì avant ils auters cun armas, surtut per la «guerra da binaris» cun attentats ed acziuns da sabotascha cunter transports da viafier da la Wehrmacht a la front da l’ost. En connex cun l’‹Operation Torch› han cumbattants da resistenza gidieus assaglì la fortezza Algier che valeva sco inconquistabla ed han uschia prestà ina contribuziun decisiva per la sbartgada dals Alliads e la campagna cunter la Wehrmacht en l’Africa dal Nord.

Blers Gidieus ch’avevan pudì emigrar ils onns 1930 ed a l’entschatta da la guerra en pajais segirs, èn s’unids là cun las truppas dals Alliads. En bleras armadas devi intginas unitads gidieuas, per exempel la brigada gidieua en la British Army. En tut han cumbattì là 10&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus da lingua tudestga ed ulteriurs ca. 9500 en las forzas armadas dals Stadis Unids. Vers la fin da la guerra han ins mess en pe il moviment Beriha (ebreic ‹fugia›), cun agid dal qual radund 250&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus han pudì fugir tranter il 1944 ed il 1948 or da l’Europa da l’Ost. Suenter la guerra han Gidieus tudestgs ch’eran emigrads savens servì als Alliads sco translaturs en la Germania occupada. Ins stima che fin a 1,5 milliuns Gidieus sajan stads involvids en tut l’Europa en il cumbat regular e sco partisans cunter il reschim naziunalsocialistic.

La gruppa zionistica Chug Chaluzi empruvava da chattar a [[Berlin]] pussaivladads da fugir en l’exteriur u d’organisar la vita da Gidieus en l’illegalitad cun organisar e reparter cartas da victualias, documents falsifitgads e daners.

=== Tudestgs betg gidieus ===
[[Datoteca:Schindlers factory Brnenec CZ 2004b.JPG|thumb|220px|Anteriura fabrica dad Oskar Schindler a Brněnec (Tschechia)]]
En singuls cas èn er Tudestgs betg gidieus s’opponids al genocid cunter ils Gidieus. Talas acziuns singulars eran colliadas cun privel da vita permanent. 

L’industrial tudestg [[Oskar Schindler]] ha spendrà en il Reich tudestg 1200 lavurants sfurzads gidieus da l’extirpaziun cun declerar ch’els sajan d’impurtanza militara per ses manaschi e cun surpigliar persunalmain ils custs per lur da viver. 

Er la gruppa da Berlin ch’è vegnida enconuschenta sco Orchester cotschen ha zuppà Gidieus ed als ha procurà pass sfalsifitgads cun agid dals quals els pudevan emigrar. Il Biro Grüber da la baselgia confessanta gidava dapi il 1938 cristians da derivanza gidieua, ma er Gidieus sezs d’emigrar. In post da consultaziun cumparegliabel devi er da vart catolica.

Ils 27 da favrer 1943 èn sa radunads davant il quartier general da la Gestapo a la Rosenstrasse a Berlin ils conjugals e confamigliars da «Gidieus maschadads» che faschevan lavur sfurzada en manaschis d’armament e Berlin e che duevan uss vegnir deportads. Igl è quai stà la suletta demonstraziun publica ch’ha gì lieu durant la guerra cunter ina deportaziun – ed ella ha gì success: las persunas ch’ins aveva mess a ferm èn puspè vegnidas libras.&lt;ref&gt;Dieter Pohl: ''Holocaust.'' Herder, 2000, p. 82.&lt;/ref&gt;

Abitants gidieus che vegnivan zuppads per als spendrar da las deportaziuns han manà a la moda da dir «viver sco sutmarins». Per part han las persunas empruvà da render plausibel lur svanir cun fingir in suicidi u cun annunziar in viadi. Il fatg che questas persunas svanivan or da la glista d’abitants pudeva avair per ellas e per lur gidanters grevas consequenzas: Vegniva scuverta ina persuna senza permissiun da dimora, na pudeva quella betg quintar cun in process avant dretgira, mabain daventava per ordinari in praschunier en in champ da concentraziun. Avant las interrogava e torturava però la Gestapo ch’era en tschertga d’ulteriurs «sutmarins». La posiziun factica da quels e da lur gidanters pudeva sa differenziar tut tenor regiun dal Reich resp. dals territoris ch’eran vegnids incorporads en quel.

En Germania existiva in pulit dumber da raits localas clandestinas che gidavan umans en miseria (fugitivs, surtut Gidieus). Savens manavan ils fugitivs cun sai adressas da persunas ch’els n’enconuschevan betg, ma da las qualas els savevan ch’ellas gidian vinavant. Savens survegnivan els alura da quests gidanters in’ulteriura adressa sco nova staziun sin lur fugia. I sa tractava per ordinari da persunas privatas che gidavan glieud sin la fugia, e quai bain savend ch’els e lur famiglias sa mettian uschia en grond privel. Talas raits èn sa furmadas or da partidas ed organisaziuns politicas e per part er or da gruppaziuns cristianas. 

Da sa tegnair zuppà en in pajais segnà da l’economia da guerra era ordvart difficil. Mangiativas na sa laschavan betg simplamain cumprar sin il martgà, mabain eran be da survegnir cunter cupons da cartas da victualias; e quellas eran liadas vi d’in dretg da retratga e la controlla respectiva. Tgi che manava cun sai bagascha, svegliava tgunsch suspect en cas d’ina controlla. Er tgi che sa trategneva pli ditg che usità en in’ustaria, ina biblioteca u en il kino pudeva svegliar dumondas areguard l’identitad. La Gestapo empruvava da far entrar clandestinamain spiuns en raits d’agid. In enconuschent exempel è la Gidieua Stella Goldschlag che tradiva cunter pajament Gidieus a la polizia.

=== Stadis occupads u alliads ===
In pitschen dumber da Gidieus è vegnì spendrà, perquai che las regenzas da lur pajais d’origin n’han betg dà suatientscha a las pretensiuns dal Reich tudestg d’als extrader.

La [[Finlanda]], dapi il 1941 in stadi allià dals Tudestgs en la guerra cunter l’Uniun sovietica, n’ha per gronda part betg surdà ses Gidieus, e quai cumbain che Himmler aveva pretendì quai la stad 1942 da la regenza finlandaisa a chaschun da sia visita al lieu. Il schef da la regenza Rangell duai avair respundì sin quai ch’ils Gidieus da la Finlanda sajan burgais sco tut ils auters e prestian servetsch sco schuldads en la guerra cunter l’Uniun sovietica. Questa pratica han ins però sistì il december 1942, suenter ch’intginas gasettas e politichers avevan protestà. Bain han ins refusà temporarmain a Gidieus d’immigrar en la Finlanda; ma ils radund 1800 Gidieus finlandais èn mitschads da vegnir expulsads als Tudestgs. Intgins Gidieus esters èn tuttina vegnids surdads, perquai ch’els eran communists. Sco che perscrutaziuns pli novas han mussà, ha la Finlanda extradì tranter il 1941 ed il 1944 en tut 120 fugitivs al Reich tudestg ed ultra da quai 2800 praschuniers sovietics, dals quals 78 eran Gidieus.

[[Datoteca:Marie,_der_sejlede_ture_til_Sverige_(6045707832)_(2)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|220px|Børge Laursen e Jacob Andersen ch’han fatg diesch viadis d’evacuaziun tranter il Danemarc e la Svezia]]
En il [[Danemarc]] ha il retg Christian X prendì partida per ils Gidieus, cura che la pussanza d’occupaziun tudestga als vuleva sfurzar da purtar la staila dals Gidieus. Il Tudestg Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz ha avertì la resistenza danaisa da razzias che smanatschavan da vart da la SS. Sinaquai èsi reussì cun agid da vastas parts da la populaziun da manar il settember ed october 1943 ils radund 6000 Gidieus danais en la Svezia neutrala ch’era pronta d’als retschaiver. E sut squitsch diplomatic da vart dal Danemarc ha Adolf Eichmann consentì ils 2 da november 1943 ch’ils Gidieus danais ch’eran gia vegnids deportads na vegnian betg manads da Theresienstadt en ils champs d’exterminaziun.&lt;ref&gt;Hermann Weiß: ''Dänemark''. En: Wolfgang Benz (ed.): ''Dimension des Völkermords'', p. 180.&lt;/ref&gt;

En l’[[Italia]] ha l’organisaziun gidieua Delegazione per l’Assistenza degli Emigranti Ebrei sustegnì l’emprim Gidieus talians e da l’exteriur en ils champs d’internament e tar l’emigraziun en pajais segirs. Suenter che l’Italia è vegnida occupada il settember 1943 dals naziunalsocialists, ha quella operà vinavant sco organisaziun clandestina ed ha munì cun agid da plevons, partisans e policists Gidieus persequitads cun documents sfalsifitgads, daners e pussaivladads da dimora. Entant che la tenuta da la baselgia e da papa Pius XII areguard il holocaust vegn valitada a moda critica, han singuls spirituals, cardinals, muntgs e convents sustegnì Gidieus.&lt;ref&gt;Arno Lustiger: ''Rettungswiderstand''. Wallstein 2011, ISBN 978-3-8353-0990-6, p. 285 e 289s.&lt;/ref&gt;

Er il cas da la [[Bulgaria]] – medemamain in allià da la Germania – cumprova ch’ina resistenza decidida pudeva far ir ad aua ils plans tudestgs. Grazia a la tenuta stataivla da la regenza e da la populaziun èsi reussì da spendrar qua radund 50&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus.

En la [[Pologna]] devi sper persunas che tradivan Gidieus – blers per pudair surviver els sezs – intginas gruppaziuns (catolicas) sco la Żegota che gidavan ils Gidieus, e quai cumbain ch’i smanatschava qua – cuntrari a l’Europa dal Vest –, betg be la paina da mort per il singul gidanter, mabain regularmain er per si’entira famiglia u l’entir vitg. Dapli ch’in mez milliun Gidieus polonais han survivì il holocaust, ina gronda part tras agid or da la populaziun. Blers Polonais eran indignads ch’i vegnivan mazzads uffants gidieus ed als zuppavan per exempel sin la champagna, tar partisans u en claustras catolicas. Uschia represchentan ils Polonais er dapli ch’in terz da tut ils Gists tranter ils pievels che vegnan onurads en il lieu commemorativ Yad Vashem a Jerusalem.

=== Svizra ===
La [[Svizra]] neutrala ch’era circumdada da tut las varts da las Pussanzas da l’axa n’ha extradì nagins Gidieus cun dretg da burgais svizzer. Lur dumber era creschì da 3000 l’onn 1850 sin radund 21&amp;nbsp;000 l’onn 1920; dapi lura è quest dumber restà pli u main constant fin oz. Durant la guerra ha il pajais recepì legalmain millis fugitivs, tranter quels er blers Gidieus; blers auters als quals igl è reussì da passar il cunfin a moda illegala èn vegnids tolerads da las autoritads u zuppads da privats. Tut en tut han survivì en Svizra 275&amp;nbsp;000 fugitivs, da quai radund 26&amp;nbsp;000 Gidieus ch’eran fugids da l’exteriur en Svizra. In grond dumber da fugitivs han ins però er renvià als cunfins u che persunas ch’eran entradas a moda illegala èn vegnidas surdadas als naziunalsocialists.

La Germania ha dumandà la Svizra repetidamain da prender si nagins ulteriurs Gidieus u d’extrader Gidieus ch’eran fugids. Almain a quest’ultima pretensiun n’han ins betg dà suatientscha. La Svizra è sa stentada durant ils onns da guerra da chattar l’equiliber tranter ses princips umanitars (recepir fugitivs) e l’interess militar da proteger l’agen pajais (tegnair bassa l’intenziun dals naziunalsocialists d’invader il pajais). 

== Liberaziun dals champs tras ils Alliads e confruntaziun da la populaziun ==
Tut tenor il decurs da l’avanzament dals Alliads cunter la coaliziun da Hilter varieschan las datas da la liberaziun dals champs da concentraziun fitg ferm ina da l’autra. Sco exempels vegnan enumerads qua ils champs ch’èn vegnids cuntanschids dals Alliads sco emprims en il sectur da la front respectiv.

=== 1944 ===
* Ils 23 da fanadur ha l’Armada cotschna liberà il Champ da Majdanek, e quai sco emprim grond champ da concentraziun resp. d’exterminaziun sin il territori da la [[Pologna]] che steva sut occupaziun tudestga.
* L’avust 1944 han er schurnalists dal vest pudì rapportar l’emprima giada or dal Champ da concentraziun Majdanek (istorgia da titel dal ‹Life-Magazin› ils 28 d’avust e da la ‹New York Times› ils 30 d’avust 1944).

=== 1945 ===
En l’ost:
* Ils 27 da schaner han schuldads da la 322avla divisiun sovietica liberà il Champ da concentraziun Auschwitz-Monowitz (l’avantmezdi) sco er il Champ da praschuniers da guerra Auschwitz I ed il Champ d’exterminaziun Auschwitz-Birkenau (il suentermezdi).&lt;ref&gt;Nikolai Politanow: ''[http://einestages.spiegel.de/static/authoralbumbackground/1296/_wir_trauten_unseren_augen_nicht.html «Wir trauten unseren Augen nicht.»]'', en: ''Der Spiegel'' dals 27 da schaner 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

En il vest:
[[Datoteca:Prisoners_liberation_dachau.jpg|thumb|220px|Praschuniers a Dachau beneventan lur liberaturs (29 d’avrigl 1945)]]
* Ils 11 d’avrigl ha la 6avla divisiun da chars armads da la terza US-Army cuntanschì il Champ da concentraziun Buchenwald.
* Ils 12 d’avrigl han schuldads canadais liberà il Champ da concentraziun Westerbork en ils [[Pajais Bass]].
* Ils 15 d’avrigl ha la Wehrmacht surdà il [[Champ da concentraziun Bergen-Belsen]] a truppas britannicas.
* Ils 29 d’avrigl è il Champ da concentraziun Dachau vegnì liberà tras truppas americanas. Tar lur arrivada han els tranter auter scuvert il tren da la mort che derivava da Buchenwald. Quest champ da concentraziun sper Minca aveva furmà il lieu da destinaziun da diversas evacuaziuns e marschs da la mort. 
* Ils 10 da matg han pudì vegnir liberads a Flensburg ils ultims praschuniers d’in champ da concentraziun.&lt;ref name=&quot;jerzy-neuengamme&quot;&gt;Giergielewicz, Jerzy: ''Endstation Neuengamme, Außenlager Drütte. Der Weg eines 17-jährigen aus Warschau durch vier Konzentrationslager'', edì da la KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme e da la Gedenk- und Dokumentationsstätte KZ Drütte, Bremen 2002.&lt;/ref&gt;

Quasi dapertut en ils champs èn sa furmadas organisaziuns da praschuniers, las qualas han l’emprim exequì là las pli impurtantas funcziuns socialas per garantir la survivenza e tgira dals cumpraschuniers.

En il decurs dals proxims mais han ins manà enavos la gronda part dals survivents en lur lieus e pajais d’origin (Displaced Persons – DP-Camps). Suenter il criv enviern 1945/1946 èn intginas gruppas da DPs restadas enavos per differents motivs en Germania e n’èn betg pli vegnidas repatriadas.

En singuls cas han las truppas alliadas confruntà la populaziun dals lieus vischins cun il maletg ch’als era sa preschentà en ils champs da concentraziun. En pli han ins fatg plirs films documentars, sco per exempel ‹Nazi Concentration Camps› (1945). 

== Consequenzas ==
=== Traumatisaziun dals survivents ===
Blers survivents dals champs d’exterminaziun e persunas ch’èn vegnidas da mitschar dal mazzament smanatschant tras fugia u sut autras circumstanzas han patì lur entira vita d’in disturbi posttraumatic da l’abilitad da purtar squitsch. Il psichiater e psicoanaliticher William Niederland ha creà en quest connex il term ‹sindrom dals survivents›. Ad intgins survivents n’èsi mai stà pussaivel da discurrer davart quai ch’els han fatg tras en ils champs da mort. Auters han rapportà sco perditgas dal temp en ils Process dad Auschwitz. Consequenzas da traumas pon – sco che quai è er enconuschent nà da participants a la guerra – sa mantegnair fin en la segunda generaziun, pon pia er pertutgar biadis dals survivents.&lt;ref&gt;Sigmund Freud Institut: ''Szenisches Erinnern der Shoah – Zur transgenerationalen Tradierung extremen Traumas in Deutschland''. Cf. er: Luise Reddemann: ''Kriegskinder und Kriegsenkel in der Psychotherapie''. Stuttgart, Klett-Cotta, 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Elavuraziun giuridica ===
L’entira dimensiun dals crims naziunalsocialistics è pir vegnida a la glisch da la publicitad mundiala cura che las truppas alliadas han liberà las regiuns, en las qualas sa chattavan champs da concentraziun e d’exterminaziun. A chaschun da la Conferenza da Jalta il favrer 1945 avevan ils Alliads concludì betg be da demilitarisar, mabain er da «denazifitgar» la Germania suenter lur victoria; questa finamira han ins confermà a chaschun da la Conferenza da Potsdam la fin fanadur 1945.

La puniziun dals crims naziunalsocialistics ha cumenzà cun ils process da Nürnberg ed ils process successivs che las pussanzas alliadas han manà tras tranter il 1945 ed il 1948. Il pli impurtant da quels ha furmà il Process da Nürnberg cunter ils delinquents da guerra principals.

Dapi il 1945 han ins realisà en la Germania dal vest en tut 912 proceduras giudizialas cunter 1875 persunas pervi da crims da mazzament naziunalsocialistics ch’han gì lieu durant la Segunda Guerra mundiala. Dals accusads èn 14 vegnids sentenziads a la mort, 150 ad in chasti per vita duranta e 842 ad in chasti da detenziun a temp limità.

A partir dal 1949, suenter la fundaziun dals dus stadis tudestgs, è la persecuziun penala passada en lur cumpetenza. Pervi da la Guerra fraida è quella però bainspert sa fermada. Parallelamain han ins percunter revocà successivamain decisiuns malgistas dals gremis politics e giudizials naziunalsocialistics ed intensivà la politica da reparaziun, surtut envers las unfrendas d’expropriaziuns.

En la Republica democratica tudestga han gì lieu intgins process spectaculars cunter funcziunaris subalterns dal reschim naziunalsocialistic. En rom da quels sa tractavi main da dilucidar lur responsabladad individuala, mabain da dar la culpa per il succedì a la Germania dal Vest. Anteriurs commembers da la NSDAP pudevan far carriera en la Republica democratica tudestga, uscheditg ch’els renconuschevan il domini sulet da la SED.

En la Republica Federala tudestga vegn il fatg ch’igl ha dà be paucas persecuziuns penalas savens explitgà cun la mancanza d’interess en la populaziun resp. cun l’influenza d’anteriurs commembers da la NSDAP en il stadi ed en l’administraziun. L’iniziativa d’ir suenter ils fastizs da delinquents dal holocaust han ins surlaschà per gronda part a persunas privatas sco Simon Wiesenthal e Beate Klarsfeld.

Pir en consequenza dal process cunter las gruppas d’acziun ad Ulm e suenter avair fundà il Post central da l’administraziun da giustia naziunala per sclerir crims naziunalsocialistics (Zentrale Stelle der Landesjustizverwaltungen zur Aufklärung nationalsozialistischer Verbrechen) ha la giustia cumenzà a partir dal 1958 a persequitar ils crims a moda pli vasta. Tranter auter ha pudì vegnir mess a ferm l’anteriur commember da la SS e torturader Wilhelm Boger.
[[Datoteca:Adolf_Eichmann_at_Trial1961.jpg|thumb|160px|Eichmann durant ses process a Jerusalem (1961)]]
L’onn 1960 ha il servetsch secret israelian Mossad rapinà [[Adolf Eichmann]] en l’Argentinia, nua che quel era fugì. En l’Israel ha alura gì lieu il 1961 il process cunter Eichmann ch’è vegnì persequità cun interess en tut il mund. L’observatura dal process [[Hannah Arendt]] ha descrit en ses cudesch ‹Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil› la fraidezza birocratica che Eichmann ha demussà sco «banalitad dal nausch» ed ha dà uschia novs impuls a la discussiun davart ils motivs dals delinquents. Eichmann è vegnì sentenzià a la mort e pendì il 1962.

Suenter lungas retschertgas han ins avert il 1963 a Francfurt a.M. la procedura principala dal Process dad Auschwitz. Ils rapports da perditgas ed il grond eco da las medias sin quest process han fatg vegnir conscients blers Tudestgs dals crims naziunalsocialistics; a medem temp è però er sa fatga valair en la publicitad la pretensiun da pudair trair in «stritg final» sut il succedì. Ils accusads en il Process dad Auschwitz n’han mussà nagina ricla, mabain èn adina sa referids a l’«urgenza dals cumonds» («Befehlsnotstand»). Lur defensurs ed ina part da las medias han empruvà da discreditar las proceduras giudizialas sco «process spectaculars».

Oriundamain duevan ils crims naziunalsocialistics surannar suenter 20 onns. Il 1965 ha il Bundestag decidì da spustar il termin da surannaziun sin il 1969 (20 onns suenter la fundaziun da la Republica Federala Tudestga). Il 1969 è quel vegnì prolungà per diesch onns ed il 1979 han ins abolì dal tuttafatg la surannaziun per mazzament e genocid.

En ils process ch’èn suandads han ins (sco tar blers crims da gronda dimensiun) be cità avant dretgira ils delinquents subalterns ch’han exequì ils cumonds. Ils ultims pli gronds process cunter delinquents naziunalsocialistics èn stads ils Process dal Champ da concentraziun Majdanek ch’èn vegnids manads tras a Düsseldorf tranter il 1975 ed il 1981. Dals oriundamain 15 accusads èn otg vegnids sentenziads, set da quels a chastis d’arrest tranter trais e dudesch onns, in per vita duranta. Las sentenzias, ch’èn vegnidas consideradas sco memia bassas, han manà a protestas en tut il mund.

En l’Austria n’han crims da guerra dal temp naziunalsocialistic strusch manà a proceduras penalas. Be 20 persunas èn vegnidas sentenziadas dapi ch’il stadi ha reacquistà il 1955 sia suveranitad, 23 han ins declerà nunculpantas. In memorandum critic dal survivent dal holocaust e publicist [[Simon Wiesenthal]] davart la dumonda co che las autoritads austriacas procedian en connex cun ils crims naziunalsocialistics è restà senza consequenzas.

=== Indemnisaziuns ===
Suenter la fin da la guerra han las administraziuns militaras dals Alliads relaschà ordinaziuns ch’han mess ord vigur tut las regulaziuns dal reschim da Hitler che concernevan la privaziun dals dretgs ed expropriaziuns dals Gidieus. Questas reglamentaziuns han pli tard er surpiglià la Republica Federala Tudestga, la Republica democratica tudestga e l’Austria. In’indemnisaziun cumpletta almain da las sperditas materialas dals pertutgads n’ha betg gì lieu. Numerus survivents dals champs da concentraziun e lur ertavels legals han per part stuì batter sur decennis avant dretgira per che lur proprietad vegnia restituida resp. per cuntanscher pajaments d’indemnisaziun.

La regenza da la Republica democratica tudestga ha resguardà sasezza sco part d’ina tradiziun antifaschistica. Fin curt avant la vieuta ha ella refusà tuttas pretensiuns che resultavan or dal temp dal Reich tudestg. La Republica Federala Tudestga è però sa declerada da l’entschatta ennà sco successura legala dal Reich. Quai ha gia manà sut il chancelier federal [[Konrad Adenauer]] ad ina politica da reparaziun, la quala preveseva almain per part in’indemnisaziun collectiva.

En contractivas cun [[David Ben-Gurion]] è Adenauer sa cunvegnì da pajar al stadi Israel – che vegniva considerà sco successur legal dals Gidieus mazzads – daners d’assistenza sociala. Betg il davos eran quests pajaments en l’interess da la Republica Federala Tudestga sezza, la quala sa stentava da puspè vegnir renconuschida sco commember respectà da la communitad internaziunala da stadis. Quests uschenumnads pajaments da reparaziun vegnan refusads fin oz da vart d’extremists da dretga en Germania. Ma er en l’[[Israel]] sez èn els fruntads sin gronda critica («daners da sang»).

Fin la fin da l’onn 2010 ha la Republica Federala Tudestga pajà tenor indicaziuns dal ministeri da finanzas radund 68 milliardas euros sco reparaziun per l’ingiustia dal temp dal Reich tudestg, tranter auter rentas a vita duranta per radund 29&amp;nbsp;000 survivents da las persecuziuns naziunalsocialisticas.

=== Elavuraziun da la rolla da las baselgias ===
Emprimas decleraziuns da vart da la baselgia evangelica da la Germania suenter la guerra (p.ex. la Confessiun da culpaivladad da Stuttgart l’october 1945 ed il Pled da Darmstadt dal 1947) n’han betg menziunà explicitamain il holocaust, l’antisemtitissem e l’antigiudaissem, mabain han discurrì d’ina conculpaivladad dals cristians vi da la guerra mundiala, vi dal fatg ch’ils naziunalsocialists sajan arrivads a la pussanza e vi dals crims commess da quels. Gia questas emprimas communicaziuns uffizialas han manà en la Germania dal Vest a reacziuns indignadas. En in ‹Pled davart la dumonda dals Gidieus› dal 1948 ha la direcziun da la baselgia evangelica schizunt valità il «destin gidieu» sco chasti da Dieu per avertir ils Gidieus ed als admonir da daventar cristians. Pir dapi ils onns 1950 è la baselgia evangelica sa distanziada da quest punct da vista e da l’antisemitissem. En ils onns 1960 ha cumenzà in’intensiva discussiun che dueva manar en ils onns 1980 al confess da la «lia nunvisada» tranter Dieu ed il pievel d’Israel. Ultra da quai vegn renconuschì ch’il holocaust n’avess mai pudì succeder, sche las baselgias n’avessan betg exercità avant sur tschientaners tut las mesiras drizzadas cunter Gidieus (cun excepziun da la gasificaziun industriala). Singulas baselgias èn er sa distanziadas en lur confess da las remartgas antisemiticas da [[Martin Luther]].

Entaifer ed ordaifer la baselgia catolica è il cumportament da papa [[Pius XII]] (1939–1958) durant il holocaust contestà fin oz. D’ina vart è el s’engaschà per liberar ils Gidieus da Roma, per l’autra ha el taschì areguard il holocaust, cumbain ch’ils fatgs al eran vegnids enconuschents. L’elavuraziun critica da l’atgna culpa en connex cun l’antigiudaissem ed antisemitissem e cun la responsabladad dals catolics per il holocaust ha pir cumenzà suenter la mort da Pius l’onn 1958. Ses successur [[Gion XXIII]] ha discurrì dals Gidieus sco frars, e quai sco emprim papa insumma. Il [[Segund Concil Vatican]] ch’el ha mess ad ir ha publitgà il 1965 la decleraziun ‹Nostra aetate›, en la quala vegn refusada la teoria dal mazzament da Dieu, renconuschidas las atgnadads e l’independenza dal giudaissem e declerà sco obligaziun cristiana da cumbatter l’antisemitissem. 

=== Tendenzas da snegar u da bagatellisar il holocaust ===
Antisemits e revisiunists han gia cumenzà immediat suenter la fin da la guerra ubain a snegar dal tuttafatg il holocaust ubain e relativar las dimensiuns da quel. Da snegar il holocaust è ina da las tendenzas da basa da l’extremissem da dretga che vegn er represchentada da l’antizionissem e ch’è en il fratemp sa colliada ad ina rait internaziunala. Da metter en dumonda u bagatellisar il holocaust considerescha la perscrutaziun dal holocaust sco antisemitissem secundar. En divers stadis – tranter auter en la Republica Federala Tudestga – vegn il snegar il holocaust resguardà sco instigaziun dal pievel e sco offensiun da la memoria da defuncts e furma in act chastiabel.

=== Commemoraziun ===
[[Datoteca: Hall_of_Names.jpg |thumb|220px|‹Halla dals nums› en il center commemorativ Yad Vashem]]
En numerus pajais han lieu mintg’onn dis commemorativs che regordan al holocaust. Mintgamai l’avrigl u l’entschatta matg (27 Nissan) sa regorda per exempel l’[[Israel]] dal succedì cun il di da festa naziunal Jom haScho’a: Las sirenas tiban en tut il pajais e la naziun sa ferma per ina minuta.

En [[Germania]] vala dapi il 1996 ils 27 da schaner sco di da commemorar las unfrendas dal naziunalsocialissem. «Ils 27 da schaner 1945 è il Champ da concentraziun Auschwitz vegnì liberà tras schuldads russ. Auschwitz stat sco simbol per milliuns mazzaments – surtut vi da Gidieus, ma er vi dad autras gruppas etnicas. Auschwitz stat per brutalitad ed inumanitad, per persecuziun e suppressiun, per la ‹destrucziun› d’umans organisada cun perfecziun perversa.» Tras ina resoluziun ha l’Assamblea generala da las [[Naziuns unidas]] declerà il prim da november 2005 ils 27 da schaner sco di internaziunal da la commemoraziun da las unfrendas dal holocaust. Dapi il 2006 vegn el commemorà en tut il mund.

Medemamain regordan en blers lieus monuments e museums al holocaust. Il pli impurtant lieu commemorativ furma [[Yad Vashem]] a [[Jerusalem]], nua che sa chatta tranter auter l’alea dals Gists tranter ils pievels. En Germania ed en ils territoris che stevan sut occupaziun tudestga èn surtut da muntada ils lieus commemorativs che sa chattan sin l’areal dals anteriurs champs da concentraziun, e qua surtut il museum statal polonais [[Auschwitz-Birkenau]]. Impurtantas instituziuns èn il Center da documentaziun da la lia dals Gidieus persequitads dal reschim nazistic a [[Vienna]], l’US-Holocaust Memorial a [[Washington, D.C]]., il center da documentaziun ungarais a [[Budapest]], il Museum gidieu a [[Berlin]] ed il Monument per ils Gidieus da l’Europa mazzads ch’è vegnì inaugurà il 2005 a Berlin. La banca da datas JewishGen porscha invistas genealogicas. En bleras citads europeicas datti ultra da quai uschenumnads craps da stgarpitsch che regordan a moda individuala ad unfrendas dals naziunalsocialists.

Er bleras organisaziuns ed iniziativas contribueschan sin divers nivels e cun ils pli differents meds ad elavurar e sa regurdar dal holocaust (exposiziuns ambulantas, stgomis da classa, referats e.a.).

=== Elavuraziun artistica ===
Il holocaust è vegnì e vegn anc adina tractà en nundumbraivels raquints, romans, teaters, films ed en l’art figurativ. I suonda ina pitschna selecziun da las emprimas ediziuns litteraras e d’impurtants films pli novs che tractan la tematica.

==== Litteratura ====
* Il 1942 è cumparì il roman ‹Das siebte Kreuz› dad [[Anna Seghers]]
* [[Primo Levi]] ha scrit tranter il 1945 ed il 1947 ses rapport autobiografic ‹Se questo è un uomo?›
* Il ‹[[Diari dad Anne Frank]]› ha ses bab Otto Heinrich Frank publitgà il 1947
* L’onn 1958 è cumparì il roman ‹Nackt unter Wölfen› da [[Bruno Apitz]]

==== Films ====
* 1993: ‹Schindler’s List› (‹Schindlers Liste›) – [[Steven Spielberg]]
* 1997: ‹La vita è bella› (‹Das Leben ist schön›) – [[Roberto Benigni]]
* 2002: ‹The Pianist› (‹Der Pianist›) – [[Roman Polański]]
* 2015: ‹Saul fia› (‹Son of Saul›) – [[László Nemes]]

== Annotaziuns ==
&lt;references/&gt;
 
== Litteratura ==
'''Survistas'''
* Raul Hilberg: ''Die Vernichtung der europäischen Juden.'' (Original englais 1961) 3 toms. Fischer, Francfurt a.M. 1990. Tom 1: ISBN 3-596-10611-7, tom 2: ISBN 3-596-10612-5, tom 3: ISBN 3-596-10613-3.
* Joseph Walk (ed.): ''Das Sonderrecht für die Juden im NS-Staat. Eine Sammlung der gesetzlichen Maßnahmen und Richtlinien – Inhalt und Bedeutung.'' Collav. Daniel Cil Becher, Bracha Freundlich e.a. Müller, Juristischer Verlag, Heidelberg/Karlsruhe 1981, ISBN 3-8114-1081-4.
* Wolfgang Schumann, Ludwig Nestler e.a.:'' Europa unterm Hakenkreuz. Die Okkupationspolitik des deutschen Faschismus (1938–1945).'' 8 toms, edì da l’Archiv federal da la Germania, Berlin/Heidelberg 1992 fin 1996.
* Lea Rosh, Eberhard Jäckel: ''Der Tod ist ein Meister aus Deutschland. Deportation und Ermordung der Juden. Kollaboration und Verweigerung in Europa.'' DTV, Minca 1993, ISBN 3-423-30306-9.
* Götz Aly: ''‹Endlösung›. Völkerverschiebung und der Mord an den europäischen Juden.'' Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Francfurt a.M. 1998, ISBN 3-596-14067-6.
* Eberhard Jäckel e.a. (ed.): ''Enzyklopädie des Holocaust. Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden.'' Piper, Minca 1998, ISBN 3-492-22700-7.
* Leny Yāhîl: ''Die Shoah. Überlebenskampf und Vernichtung der europäischen Juden.'' Luchterhand, Minca 1998, ISBN 3-453-02978-X.
* Peter Longerich: ''Politik der Vernichtung. Eine Gesamtdarstellung der nationalsozialistischen Judenvernichtung.'' Piper, Minca 1998, ISBN 3-492-03755-0.
* Dieter Pohl: ''Holocaust. Die Ursachen – das Geschehen – die Folgen.'' 2. ed., Herder, Freiburg 2000, ISBN 3-451-04835-3.
* Christian Gerlach: ''Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord. Deutsche Vernichtungspolitik im Zweiten Weltkrieg.'' Pendo, Turitg 2001, ISBN 3-85842-404-8.
* Jürgen Matthäus, Klaus-Michael Mallmann (ed.): ''Deutsche – Juden – Völkermord. Der Holocaust in Geschichte und Gegenwart.'' WBG, Darmstadt 2006, ISBN 3-534-18481-5.
* Götz Aly, Wolf Gruner e.a. (ed.): ''Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland 1933–1945.'' 7 toms. Oldenbourg, Minca, dapi il 2008, ISBN 978-3-486-58480-6.
* Wolfgang Benz: ''Der Holocaust.'' 7. ed., Beck, Minca 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-39822-3.
* Saul Friedländer: ''Das Dritte Reich und die Juden.'' Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-423-34519-4.
** Tom 1. ''Die Jahre der Verfolgung 1933–1939.'' 2. ed., DTV, Minca 2000, ISBN 3-423-30765-X.
** Tom 2. ''Die Jahre der Vernichtung 1939–1945.'' Beck, Minca 2006, ISBN 3-406-54966-7.
* Frank McDonough, John Cochrane: ''The Holocaust.'' Palgrave MacMillan, 2008, ISBN 978-0-230-20387-7.
* David Bankier (ed.): ''Secret Intelligence and the Holocaust. Collected Essays from the Colloquium at The City University of New York Graduate Center.'' Enigma books, New York/Yad Vashem, Jerusalem 2004, ISBN 1-929631-60-X.
* Hans Mommsen: ''Das NS-Regime und die Auslöschung des Judentums in Europa''. Wallstein, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8353-1395-8.
* Peter Hayes: ''Warum? Eine Geschichte des Holocaust''. Or da l’englais dad Ursel Schäfer. Campus, Francfurt a.M. 2017, ISBN 978-3-593-50745-3.

'''Persecuziun dals Gidieus a partir dal 1933'''
* Christopher R. Browning: ''Die Entfesselung der ‹Endlösung›. Nationalsozialistische Judenpolitik 1939–1942.'' Propyläen, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-549-07187-6.
* Uwe D. Adam: ''Judenpolitik im Dritten Reich.'' Droste, Düsseldorf 2003, ISBN 3-7700-4063-5.
* Götz Aly, Wolf Gruner e.a.: ''Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland 1933–1945. Tom 1– Deutsches Reich 1933–1937.'' (Ediziun da funtaunas). Verlag R. Oldenbourg, Minca.
* Joseph Walk (ed.): ''Das Sonderrecht für die Juden im NS-Staat: eine Sammlung der gesetzlichen Maßnahmen und Richtlinien.'' 2. ed., Müller, Heidelberg 1996, ISBN 3-8252-1889-9.

'''Champs da concentraziun e d’exterminaziun'''
* Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel: ''Der Ort des Terrors. Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager.'' ISBN 978-3-406-52960-3.
* Martin Broszat (ed.): ''Studien zur Geschichte der Konzentrationslager.'' Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1970.
* Jean-Claude Pressac: ''Die Krematorien von Auschwitz. Die Technik des Massenmordes.'' Piper, Minca 1995, ISBN 3-492-12193-4.
* Gerd R. Ueberschär: ''Orte des Grauens. Verbrechen im Zweiten Weltkrieg.'' Primus, Darmstadt 2003, ISBN 3-89678-232-0.
* Nikolaus Wachsmann: ''KL: Die Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager''. Siedler Verlag, Minca 2016, ISBN 978-3-88680-827-4

'''Singulas regiuns'''
* Ilja Alexandrowitsch Altman: ''Opfer des Hasses. Der Holocaust in der UdSSR 1941–1945.'' Muster-Schmidt-Verlag, Gleichen/Turitg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7881-2032-0.
* Vincas Bartusevicius e.a. (ed.): ''Holocaust in Litauen. Krieg, Judenmorde und Kollaboration im Jahre 1941.'' Böhlau, Cologna 2003, ISBN 3-412-13902-5.
* Götz Aly, Wolf Gruner e.a.: ''Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland 1933–1945''. Tom 7: Uniun sovietica (Ediziun da funtaunas). Oldenbourg, Minca.

'''Process da decisiun'''
* Philippe Burrin: ''Hitler und die Juden. Die Entscheidung für den Völkermord.'' Fischer, Francfurt a.M. 1993, ISBN 3-10-046308-0.
* Peter Longerich: ''Der ungeschriebene Befehl. Hitler und der Weg zur ‹Endlösung›.'' Piper, Minca 2001, ISBN 3-492-04295-3.
* Christopher R. Browning: ''Der Weg zur ‹Endlösung›. Entscheidung und Täter.'' Rowohlt, Reinbek 2002, ISBN 3-499-61344-1.

'''Delinquents'''
* Rainer C. Baum: ''The Holocaust and the German Elite. Genocide and National Suicide in Germany, 1871–1945.'' Rowman and Littlefield, Totowa, Londra 1981, ISBN 0-7099-0656-0.
* Daniel Goldhagen: ''Hitlers willige Vollstrecker. Ganz gewöhnliche Deutsche und der Holocaust.'' Goldmann, Minca 2000, ISBN 3-442-15088-4.
* Raul Hilberg: ''Täter, Opfer, Zuschauer. Die Vernichtung der Juden 1933–1945.'' Fischer, Francfurt a.M. 2003, ISBN 3-596-13216-9.
* Richard Rhodes: ''Die deutschen Mörder. Die SS-Einsatzgruppen und der Holocaust.'' Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 2004, ISBN 3-7857-2183-8.
* Karin Orth: ''Die Konzentrationslager-SS. Sozialstrukturelle Analysen und biographische Studien.'' DTV, Minca 2004, ISBN 3-423-34085-1.
* Peter Longerich: ''«Davon haben wir nichts gewusst.» Die Deutschen und die Judenverfolgung 1933–1945.'' Siedler, Minca 2006, ISBN 3-88680-843-2.
* Bernward Dörner: ''Die Deutschen und der Holocaust. Was niemand wissen wollte, aber jeder wissen konnte.'' Propyläen, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-549-07315-5.
* Michael Wildt: ''Volksgemeinschaft als Selbstermächtigung. Gewalt gegen Juden in der deutschen Provinz 1919 bis 1939.'' Hamburger Edition, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-936096-74-3.

'''Unfrendas'''
* Wolfgang Benz (ed.): ''Dimension des Völkermords. Die Zahl der jüdischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus.'' DTV, Minca 1996, ISBN 3-423-04690-2.
* Alexandra Rossberg, Johan Lansen (ed.): ''Das Schweigen brechen. Berliner Lektionen zu Spätfolgen der Schoa.'' Suhrkamp, Francfurt a.M. 1997, ISBN 3-518-39231-X.
* Claude Lanzmann: ''Shoah.'' Trotzdem, Grafenau 1999, ISBN 3-922209-87-4. (Intervistas cun survivents).
* Martin Doerry (ed.): Monika Zucht: ''Nirgendwo und überall zu Haus. Gespräche mit Überlebenden des Holocaust.'' DVA, 2006, ISBN 3-421-04207-1.
'''Acziuns da resistenza e d’agid'''

'''Gidieus sco gruppas da persunas'''
* Michael Berger, Gideon Römer-Hillebrecht (ed.): ''Jüdische Soldaten – Jüdischer Widerstand in Deutschland und Frankreich.'' Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn 2012, ISBN 978-3-506-77177-3.
* Arno Lustiger: ''Zum Kampf auf Leben und Tod. Das Buch vom Widerstand der Juden 1933–1945.'' Kiepenheuer &amp; Witsch, Cologna 2002, ISBN 3-89996-269-9.
* Wilfried Löhken, Werner Vathke (ed.): ''Juden im Widerstand. Drei Gruppen zwischen Überlebenskampf und politischer Aktion, Berlin 1939–1945.'' Edition Hentrich, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-89468-068-7.

'''Tudestgs betg gidieus'''
* Kurt R. Grossmann: ''Die unbesungenen Helden. Menschen in Deutschlands dunklen Tagen.'' arani Verlags-Gesellschaft, Berlin 1961. (reediziun: Ullstein, 1984, ISBN 3-548-33040-1).
* Anton M. Keim, Benyamin Z. Barslai (ed.): ''Yad Vashem: Die Judenretter aus Deutschland.'' 2. ed., Matthias-Grünewald, 1984, ISBN 3-7867-1085-6.
* Wolfram Wette (ed.): ''Zivilcourage. Empörte, Helfer und Retter aus Wehrmacht, Polizei und SS.'' Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Francfurt a.M. 2004, ISBN 3-596-15852-4.
* Zentrum für Antisemitismusforschung der TU Berlin (ed.): ''Solidarität und Hilfe für Juden während der NS-Zeit.'' Metropol, Berlin 1996ss.

'''Auters'''
* Carol Rittner, Sondra Myers: ''The Courage to Care: Rescuers of Jews During the Holocaust.'' New York University Press, 1986, ISBN 0-8147-7397-4.
* Nechama Tec: ''When light pierced the darkness: Christian Rescue of Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland.'' Oxford University Press, Oxford 1986, ISBN 0-19-503643-3.
* Alexander Bronowski: ''Es waren so wenige. Retter im Holocaust.'' (1991) Hänssler, 2002, ISBN 3-7751-3811-0.
* Wolfram Wette (ed.): ''Stille Helden. Judenretter im Dreiländereck während des Zweiten Weltkrieges.'' Herder-Taschenbuch, Freiburg 2005, ISBN 3-451-05461-2.
* Franz Severin Berger, Christiane Holler, Holly Holunder: ''Überleben im Versteck. Schicksale in der NS-Zeit.'' Ueberreuter, Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-8000-3836-6.

'''Elavuraziun giuridica'''
* ''Der Prozess gegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher vor dem Internationalen Militärgerichtshof. Nürnberg 14. November 1945 – 1. Oktober 1946.'' 23 toms. Nürnberg 1947.
* Hermann Langbein: ''Der Auschwitz-Prozeß. Eine Dokumentation.'' 2 toms. Europa, Vienna 1965.

'''Commemoraziun'''
* Stefanie Endlich: ''Wege zur Erinnerung. Gedenkstätten und -orte für die Opfer des Nationalsozialismus in Berlin und Brandenburg.'' Metropol, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-938690-45-1.
* Claudia Bruns, Asal Dardan, Anette Dietrich (ed.): ''«Welchen der Steine du hebst.» Filmische Erinnerung an den Holocaust.'' (''Medien-Kultur'', 3). Bertz + Fischer Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-86505-397-8.
* S. Lillian Kremer: ''Holocaust Literature. An Encyclopedia of Writers and Their Work.'' Routledge, New York 2002. Tom 1: ISBN 0-415-92983-0, tom 2: ISBN 0-415-92984-9.
* Mirjam Schmid: ''Darstellbarkeit der Shoa in Roman und Film.'' Sonnenberg, Annweiler 2012, ISBN 978-3-933264-70-1.
* Günther Jikeli e.a. (ed.): ''Ansichten zum Holocaust unter Muslimen im internationalen Vergleich'', Campus Verlag, Francfurt a.M. 2013, ISBN 978-3-593-39855-6. 
* Alvin H. Rosenfeld: ''Das Ende des Holocaust''. Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht, Göttingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-525-54042-8.
* James E. Young: ''Formen des Erinnerns: Gedenkstätten des Holocaust''. Passagen-Verlag, Vienna 1997 ISBN 3-85165-174-X.
* Nora Sternfeld: ''Kontaktzonen der Geschichtsvermittlung. Transnationales Lernen über den Holocaust in der postnazistischen Migrationsgesellschaft''. Zaglossus, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-902902-02-3.

== Colliaziuns ==
{{Commonscat|The Holocaust|Holocaust}}
* Knut Mellenthin: [http://www.holocaust-chronologie.de/startseite.html ''Chronologie des Holocaust''] (2006)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130311141401/http://www.shoah.de/ www.shoah.de]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180626202633/http://lernen-aus-der-geschichte.de/Lernen-und-Lehren/Magazin/8881 Magazin davart il holocaust] sin lernen-aus-der-geschichte.de
* [http://ehri-project.eu/ ''ehri-project.eu: European Holocaust Research Infrastructure'']
* [http://www.politische-bildung.de/holocaust.html ''Holocaust''] sin politische-bildung.de

'''Unfrendas'''
* [http://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/ Cudesch: ''Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933–1945''], Archiv federal da la Germania
* [http://www.doew.at/personensuche?shoah=on DOEW: Banca da datas davart 62 000 unfrendas austriacas dal holocaust'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130213031149/http://www.yadvashem.org/wps/portal/IY_HON_Welcome Yad Vashem: Banca da datas da las unfrendas]

'''Commemoraziun'''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190702173635/http://www.memorial-museums.net/ Survista internaziunala davart lieus commemorativs ed instituziuns che s’occupan dal naziunalsocialissem]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160401162048/http://www.landsberger-zeitgeschichte.de/Gedenkstaette.htm ''Europäische Holocaustgedenkstätte'']

'''Films'''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101208041550/http://www.hist.uni-hannover.de/kulturarchiv/holocaust_im_film.html ''Der Holocaust im Film'']
* [http://www.cine-holocaust.de/ ''Cinematographie des Holocaust''], banca da datas cun radund 2000 films davart il holocaust

'''Musica'''
* [http://holocaustmusic.ort.org/ ''Music and the Holocaust'']

[[Categoria:20avel tschientaner]]
[[Categoria:Temp modern]]
[[Categoria:Naziunalsocialissem]]
[[Categoria:Artitgels recumandads (Istorgia mundiala)]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1718" sha1="8gsmm39kk7ni9yk1w0wpd6hupa580ve" xml:space="preserve">Eau sun ida a scoula a Samedan, inua ch'eau d'he imprais rumauntsch puter. Scu figlia da genituors our da culturas differentas – la mamma da la Bassa ed il bap dal Puschlev – suni creschida sü traunter trais culturas, che haun promouvo mieus interess per quellas. Scu vichipediauna suni activa in la Vichipedia rumauntscha scu eir in la Vichipedia tudas-cha (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:Bild-Sprache#Themenschwerpunkt_Re-Form)&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;160&quot;&gt;
Datoteca:Samedan as seen from Crasta Mora.jpg|Engiadin'Ota
Datoteca:Kirche Samedan 4.JPG|Samedan
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== &amp;nbsp;Artichels ==
'''Pastiziers e specialitedas engiadinaisas'''

* [[Pastiziers grischunais]]
* [[Tuorta da nuschs]]
* [[Tuorta Engiadinaisa]]
* [[Fuatscha grassa]]
* [[Grassins]]
* [[Iva (licör)]]

'''Musica'''

* [[Fränzli Waser]]
* [[Ils Fränzlis da Tschlin]]
* [[Paulin Nuotclà]]
* [[Chapella Open Air]]
* [[Istorgia da musica dalla Clostra da Mustér|Istorgia da la musica Clostra da Mustér]]

'''Scripturas e scripturs'''

* [[Jessica Zuan]]
* [[Elisabeth Bardill]]
* [[Margarita Uffer]] 
'''Films, cineastas e cineasts'''

* [[Susanna Fanzun]]

'''Chesamaints'''

* [[Sgrafit in Engiadina]]

'''Instituziuns''' 

* [[Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun]]
* [[Biblioteca da l'abazia benedictina Clostra da Mustér|Biblioteca da l'abazia benedictina Colstra da Mustèr]]
* [[Fundaziun grischuna per la fotografia]]
* [[Fabrica da stoffa Trun]]

'''Natüra ed animels'''

* [[Nuorsa Engiadinaisa]]
* [[Nuorsa Sursilvauna]]
* [[Dschember]]
* [[Iva (plaunta)]]

'''Sport'''

* [[Maraton da skis engiadinais]] 
* [[Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina]] 

&lt;small&gt;→ [[Utilisader:Bild-Sprache/Nouv artechel]]&lt;/small&gt;</text>
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[[Datoteca:Karl-hager-tavetsch-flachs-1917.jpg|miniatura|P. Karl Hager: Duonnas chi piglian our ils sems dal glin. Surselva intuorn 1900. ]]
'''La Fundaziun grischuna per la fotografia (FSGR)''' es üna fundaziun d' ütil public cun domizil a [[Cuira]]. Ella as dedichescha a la conservaziun e mediaziun dal patrimoni fotografic dal chantun [[Chantun Grischun|Grischun]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Fundaziun da fotografie dal Grischun: [https://www.fotogr.ch/uber-uns Sur nus]. &lt;/ref&gt;

== Istorgia ==
La FSGR es gnida fundida l' an 2013. Ella es ün' instituziun seguainta da las societedas ''Cronica e Medioteca das Grischun''. Quellas haun fingià conservo collecziuns audiovisuelas. Hozindi archiva la FSGR relaschs,  collecziuns ed ouvras da fotografs e fotografas scu eir ils ramassamaints da collecziuneders. L' inventar cumpiglia intuorn 0,5 milliunas fotografias – traunter oter fotografias da cuntregias, l'ös, vschinaunchas e fotografias d' architectura, sport, industria e scenarias da minchadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Banca da datas dalla fundaziun da fotografia dal Grischun: [https://cronica5.production.easydb.de/search Cronica - retscherchas.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Sper sia aktivited d' archiver, organisescha la FSGR regulermaing exposiziuns, guidas e mediaziuns. Ella collavura cun instituziuns culturelas regiunelas, vschinaunchas, scoulas, universiteds scu eir cun partenaris chi' s occupan per l' archivaziun audiovisuela.

== Colliaziuns ==

* [https://www.fotogr.ch Website Fundaziun da fotografia dal Grischun]
* ''[https://www.suedostschweiz.ch/menschen-schicksale/zu-besuch-beim-visuellen-gedaechtnis-des-kantons-graubuenden Zu Besuch beim visuellen Gedächtnis des Kantons Graubünden.]'' In: ''Bündner Woche.'' Ils 6 gün 2024.

== Indicaziun da funtauna ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Cuira]]</text>
      <sha1>qgprbok10hyji28n60iy8m3bwbfs35x</sha1>
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[[Datoteca:Karl-hager-tavetsch-flachs-1917.jpg|miniatura|P. Karl Hager: Duonnas, chi piglian our ils sems glin. Surselva intuorn l'an 1900]]
'''La Fundaziun grischuna per la fotografia (FSGR)''' es üna fundaziun d' ütil public cun domizil a [[Cuira]]. Ella as dedichescha a la conservaziun e mediaziun dal patrimoni fotografic dal chantun [[Chantun Grischun|Grischun]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Fundaziun da fotografie dal Grischun: [https://www.fotogr.ch/uber-uns Sur nus]. &lt;/ref&gt;

== Istorgia ==
La FSGR es gnida fundida l' an 2013. Ella es ün' instituziun seguainta da las societedas ''Cronica e Medioteca das Grischun''. Quellas haun fingià conservo collecziuns audiovisuelas. Hozindi archiva la FSGR relaschs,  collecziuns ed ouvras da fotografs e fotografas scu eir ils ramassamaints da collecziuneders. L' inventar cumpiglia intuorn 0,5 milliunas fotografias – traunter oter fotografias da cuntregias, l'ös, vschinaunchas e fotografias d' architectura, sport, industria e scenarias da minchadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Banca da datas dalla fundaziun da fotografia dal Grischun: [https://cronica5.production.easydb.de/search Cronica - retscherchas.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Sper sia aktivited d' archiver, organisescha la FSGR regulermaing exposiziuns, guidas e mediaziuns. Ella collavura cun instituziuns culturelas regiunelas, vschinaunchas, scoulas, universiteds scu eir cun partenaris chi' s occupan per l' archivaziun audiovisuela.

== Colliaziuns ==

* [https://www.fotogr.ch Website Fundaziun da fotografia dal Grischun]
* ''[https://www.suedostschweiz.ch/menschen-schicksale/zu-besuch-beim-visuellen-gedaechtnis-des-kantons-graubuenden Zu Besuch beim visuellen Gedächtnis des Kantons Graubünden.]'' In: ''Bündner Woche.'' Ils 6 gün 2024.

== Indicaziun da funtauna ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Cuira]]</text>
      <sha1>qc8l2rbm2lw2wyvo3k9kfzqfwgyqmf3</sha1>
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[[Datoteca:CH-NB Archive Rudolf Zinggeler EAD-ZING-13773.tif|miniatura|Quista fotografia es rimplazzo scu simbol, da la Biblioteca Naziunela Svizra. La fotografia da Rudolf Zinggeler muossa duonnas da Curaglia, Surselva.]]
'''L' Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun''' es gnieu fundo l' an 1997. Id' es üna fundaziun independenta e d' ütil public per la perscrutaziun da l' istorgia da las duonnas in chantun [[Chantun Grischun|Grischun]] e ho lantscho il proget «Fraubünden» (Grischunaisas). 

In center es la vita da minchadi, uschè cha eir duoannas chi nu sun cuntschaintas haun preschentscha. ''L' Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun'' organisescha referats, occurenzas culturelas, dietas scientificas ed es post da cussagliaziun per organisaziuns, persunas privatas e persunas chi lavuran illas medias.  

== Istorgia ==
Gnieu fundo es ''l' Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun'' al 23 gün 1997 da [[Silvia Hofmann]] (germanista) e [[Silke Redolfi]] (istorica) cun mez privats.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Pierina Hassler: ''Ein einzigartiger Schatz an Frauengeschichten.'' In: ''suedostschweiz.ch.'' Südostschweiz, ils 3 October  2022, consulte ils 21 favrer 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; Tres sia lavur da licenziat sur ün tema da duonnas ho Silke Redolfi realiso, cha las duonnas existaivan bod na aint il' istorgia grischunaisa. Lura vita ed activitedas d' eiran tradidas manglusas. La perscrutaziun da duonnas d' eira aunch' al cumanzamaint ed eir las infurmaziuns illas medias sur duonnas d' eiran be poch preschaintas.&lt;ref&gt;Ursina Straub: ''[https://www.churerzeitung.ch/pages/archive/200907/frauenkulturarchiv.pdf Das Frauenkulturarchiv forscht nach der «Geschichte von unten»].'' In: ''www.churerzeitung.ch.'' Giazetta Cuira'','' consulte ils 1 lügl 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sia lavur ho ''L' Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun'' cumanzo a [[Tusaun]]&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.e-newspaperarchives.ch/?a=d&amp;d=EDP19970930-01.2.30.2&amp;e=-------de-20--1--img-txIN--------0----- Frauenkulturarchiv Graubünden in Betrieb]'' In: Engadiner Post, vom 104, numer 114, ils 30 settembr 1997, e-newspaperarchives.ch, consulte ils 22 fevrer 2026&lt;/ref&gt; ed es hoz a [[Cuira]].&lt;ref&gt;Ursina Straub: ''Raum gesucht – und Mäzenin gefunden'' In: Bündner Tagblatt ils 12 december 2025 (swissdox.ch, cun login)&lt;/ref&gt; In l' an da la fundaziun ho l' archiv survgnieu 50'000 francs our da la vendita da marcas Pro Patria. L' archiv ho fundo üna societed da promoziun. Il prümer fonds derivaiva da la ''Centrela da duonnas dal Grischun'' e daspö lo dvainta la collecziun adüna pü ingrandida.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.e-newspaperarchives.ch/?a=d&amp;d=EDP19971223-01.2.41.1&amp;e=-------de-20--1--img-txIN--------0----- Myrtha Welti erste Präsidentin]'' In: Engadiner Post, tom 104, numer 150, il 23 december 1997, consulte ils 22 favrer 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Trais ans zieva la fundaziun ho il chantun Grischun arcugnuscho l' ''Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun'' scu instituziun chantunela. Daspö l' an 2014 exista üna peja da 64'000 francs seguond la prestaziun per il archiv dal chantun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ultra que piglia l' archiv sü collectas da beinfatturas e beinfatturs, inchascha da sponsors e per progets mezs da terz.                

=== Il proget «Fraubünden» (Grischunaisas) ===
Per il giubileum da 200 ans chantun Grischun l' an 1999,  ho l' ''Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun'' lantscho il proget ''Fraubünden'' (Grischunaisas). In quist proget as tratta da retscherchas sur las cundiziuns da vita da duonnas grischunaisas il 19evel e 20evel tschienter. Our da las retscherchas es naschida la seria ''Fraubünden'' (Grischunaisas), ch' includa istorgias da duonnas e geners dal Grischun. Scu resultat da quist proget sun gnidas scrittas intuorn 1600 paginas in üna perioda da trais ans (2003–2006). I sun dvanto quatter toms cun ils temas: Drets da duonnas, corp da duonna, lavur da duonnas e duonnas esteras. Gnieu finanzo es il proget cun la munaida da 50'000 francs our da la vendita da marcas Pro Patria.     

=== Collecziun ===

La colleziun da ''l' Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun'' cuntegna ramassas da scrits, purtrets, documaintas da tun e diaris da persunas privatas ed eir fotografias, lettras ed otras documentaziuns da duonnas activas scu schurnalistas, architectas, afferistas u politicras ed oter pü. Impü cuntegna la collecziun documaintas our dal archiv da societeds ed associaziuns, liberels politics ed organisaziuns, firmas ed our d' archivs fotografics.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.srf.ch/play/tv/lipstick/video/frauenkultur-archiv-graubuenden?urn=urn:srf:video:8059356a-dc0b-46bb-8bfa-e96936814026 Frauenkultur-Archiv Graubünden].'' Radio e Television svizra SRF, emischiun Lipstick, ils 14 november 1999, consulte ils 22 favrer 2026&lt;/ref&gt;    

Per exaimpel cuntegna l' archiv ouvras da l' architecta [[Monica Brügger]] scu eir ils relaschs da las schurnalistas [[Elisabeth Eggerlin]] (1926–2012) ed [[Imelda Coray-Monn]] (1933–2009). Daspö l' an 2013 posseda l' archiv eir üna part da la collecziun da [[Elly Koch]] – ün regal da la «Regina da racham» a Cuira.&lt;ref&gt;Peter de Jong: ''[https://www.churermagazin.ch/pages/archive/201709/Frauenkulturarchiv.pdf Ein Blick auf den weiblichen Teil der Geschichte].'' Churer Magazin, 2017, consulte ils 21 favrer  2026&lt;/ref&gt;       

== Litteratura ==
* Silke Margherita Redolfi: [https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=new-001%3A2022%3A116%3A%3A133 ''Die Unsichtbaren: Traditionen von Frauen in Graubünde''n] In: Nouvs Viedis: Artichels sür la religiun e sozialissem, uniun amias ed amis da novus viedis  (Hrsg.), tom 116 (2022), Quadern 4
* Silke Margherita Redolfi: ''[https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=bjb-003%3A2017%3A59%3A%3A14 Bündner Frauenvereine: sozial, politisch, gesellig]'', art e cultura grischunaisa: annuari grischunais tom 59 (2017)

== Colliaziuns ==

* ''[https://www.frauenkulturarchiv.ch Website des Frauenkulturarchivs Graubünden]''
* ''[https://www.buendnerinnen.ch Online-Lexikon der Frauen in Graubünden]'' In: buendnerinnen.ch
* ''[https://www.frauengeschichte.ch Dokumente zur Geschichte der Frauen in Graubünden]'' In: frauengeschichte.ch (plattafuorma da tschercha)
* ''Frauenkulturarchiv Graubünden'' In: Radio Südostschweiz ils 3 october 2022
* ''[https://www.srf.ch/audio/regionaljournal-graubuenden/naturpark-raetikon-fehlendes-vertrauen-in-die-behoerden?id=41a5ce2d-71e9-4321-97a0-a47e269586ab Wie können die Biografien wichtige Bündner Frauen sichtbarer werden?]'' In:  Radio e Television Svizra, emischiun ''Regionaljournal Graubünden'' ils 8 mars 2021 (a partir da 12:03 Min.)

== Indicaziun da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Dunnas]]
[[Categoria:Archivs en Svizra]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6717" sha1="92019dd4mys5w47evevid49bfyyi909" xml:space="preserve">{{Puter}}
[[Datoteca:CH-NB Archive Rudolf Zinggeler EAD-ZING-13773.tif|miniatura|Quista fotografia es rimplazzo scu simbol, deriva da la Biblioteca Naziunela Svizra. La fotografia da Rudolf Zinggeler muossa duonnas da Curaglia (Surselva).]]
'''L' Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun''' es gnieu fundo l' an 1997. Id' es üna fundaziun independenta e d' ütil public per la perscrutaziun da l' istorgia da las duonnas in chantun [[Chantun Grischun|Grischun]] e ho lantscho il proget «Fraubünden» (Grischunaisas). 

In center es la vita da minchadi, uschè cha eir duoannas chi nu sun cuntschaintas haun preschentscha. ''L' Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun'' organisescha referats, occurenzas culturelas, dietas scientificas ed es post da cussagliaziun per organisaziuns, persunas privatas e persunas chi lavuran illas medias.  

== Istorgia ==
Gnieu fundo es ''l' Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun'' al 23 gün 1997 da [[Silvia Hofmann]] (germanista) e [[Silke Redolfi]] (istorica) cun mez privats.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Pierina Hassler: ''Ein einzigartiger Schatz an Frauengeschichten.'' In: ''suedostschweiz.ch.'' Südostschweiz, ils 3 October  2022, consulte ils 21 favrer 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; Tres sia lavur da licenziat sur ün tema da duonnas ho Silke Redolfi realiso, cha las duonnas existaivan bod na aint il' istorgia grischunaisa. Lura vita ed activitedas d' eiran tradidas manglusas. La perscrutaziun da duonnas d' eira aunch' al cumanzamaint ed eir las infurmaziuns illas medias sur duonnas d' eiran be poch preschaintas.&lt;ref&gt;Ursina Straub: ''[https://www.churerzeitung.ch/pages/archive/200907/frauenkulturarchiv.pdf Das Frauenkulturarchiv forscht nach der «Geschichte von unten»].'' In: ''www.churerzeitung.ch.'' Giazetta Cuira'','' consulte ils 1 lügl 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sia lavur ho ''L' Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun'' cumanzo a [[Tusaun]]&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.e-newspaperarchives.ch/?a=d&amp;d=EDP19970930-01.2.30.2&amp;e=-------de-20--1--img-txIN--------0----- Frauenkulturarchiv Graubünden in Betrieb]'' In: Engadiner Post, vom 104, numer 114, ils 30 settembr 1997, e-newspaperarchives.ch, consulte ils 22 fevrer 2026&lt;/ref&gt; ed es hoz a [[Cuira]].&lt;ref&gt;Ursina Straub: ''Raum gesucht – und Mäzenin gefunden'' In: Bündner Tagblatt ils 12 december 2025 (swissdox.ch, cun login)&lt;/ref&gt; In l' an da la fundaziun ho l' archiv survgnieu 50'000 francs our da la vendita da marcas Pro Patria. L' archiv ho fundo üna societed da promoziun. Il prümer fonds derivaiva da la ''Centrela da duonnas dal Grischun'' e daspö lo dvainta la collecziun adüna pü ingrandida.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.e-newspaperarchives.ch/?a=d&amp;d=EDP19971223-01.2.41.1&amp;e=-------de-20--1--img-txIN--------0----- Myrtha Welti erste Präsidentin]'' In: Engadiner Post, tom 104, numer 150, il 23 december 1997, consulte ils 22 favrer 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Trais ans zieva la fundaziun ho il chantun Grischun arcugnuscho l' ''Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun'' scu instituziun chantunela. Daspö l' an 2014 exista üna peja da 64'000 francs seguond la prestaziun per il archiv dal chantun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ultra que piglia l' archiv sü collectas da beinfatturas e beinfatturs, inchascha da sponsors e per progets mezs da terz.                

=== Il proget «Fraubünden» (Grischunaisas) ===
Per il giubileum da 200 ans chantun Grischun l' an 1999,  ho l' ''Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun'' lantscho il proget ''Fraubünden'' (Grischunaisas). In quist proget as tratta da retscherchas sur las cundiziuns da vita da duonnas grischunaisas il 19evel e 20evel tschienter. Our da las retscherchas es naschida la seria ''Fraubünden'' (Grischunaisas), ch' includa istorgias da duonnas e geners dal Grischun. Scu resultat da quist proget sun gnidas scrittas intuorn 1600 paginas in üna perioda da trais ans (2003–2006). I sun dvanto quatter toms cun ils temas: Drets da duonnas, corp da duonna, lavur da duonnas e duonnas esteras. Gnieu finanzo es il proget cun la munaida da 50'000 francs our da la vendita da marcas Pro Patria.     

=== Collecziun ===

La colleziun da ''l' Archiv culturel da duonnas dal Grischun'' cuntegna ramassas da scrits, purtrets, documaintas da tun e diaris da persunas privatas ed eir fotografias, lettras ed otras documentaziuns da duonnas activas scu schurnalistas, architectas, afferistas u politicras ed oter pü. Impü cuntegna la collecziun documaintas our dal archiv da societeds ed associaziuns, liberels politics ed organisaziuns, firmas ed our d' archivs fotografics.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.srf.ch/play/tv/lipstick/video/frauenkultur-archiv-graubuenden?urn=urn:srf:video:8059356a-dc0b-46bb-8bfa-e96936814026 Frauenkultur-Archiv Graubünden].'' Radio e Television svizra SRF, emischiun Lipstick, ils 14 november 1999, consulte ils 22 favrer 2026&lt;/ref&gt;    

Per exaimpel cuntegna l' archiv ouvras da l' architecta [[Monica Brügger]] scu eir ils relaschs da las schurnalistas [[Elisabeth Eggerlin]] (1926–2012) ed [[Imelda Coray-Monn]] (1933–2009). Daspö l' an 2013 posseda l' archiv eir üna part da la collecziun da [[Elly Koch]] – ün regal da la «Regina da racham» a Cuira.&lt;ref&gt;Peter de Jong: ''[https://www.churermagazin.ch/pages/archive/201709/Frauenkulturarchiv.pdf Ein Blick auf den weiblichen Teil der Geschichte].'' Churer Magazin, 2017, consulte ils 21 favrer  2026&lt;/ref&gt;       

== Litteratura ==
* Silke Margherita Redolfi: [https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=new-001%3A2022%3A116%3A%3A133 ''Die Unsichtbaren: Traditionen von Frauen in Graubünde''n] In: Nouvs Viedis: Artichels sür la religiun e sozialissem, uniun amias ed amis da novus viedis  (Hrsg.), tom 116 (2022), Quadern 4
* Silke Margherita Redolfi: ''[https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=bjb-003%3A2017%3A59%3A%3A14 Bündner Frauenvereine: sozial, politisch, gesellig]'', art e cultura grischunaisa: annuari grischunais tom 59 (2017)

== Colliaziuns ==

* ''[https://www.frauenkulturarchiv.ch Website des Frauenkulturarchivs Graubünden]''
* ''[https://www.buendnerinnen.ch Online-Lexikon der Frauen in Graubünden]'' In: buendnerinnen.ch
* ''[https://www.frauengeschichte.ch Dokumente zur Geschichte der Frauen in Graubünden]'' In: frauengeschichte.ch (plattafuorma da tschercha)
* ''Frauenkulturarchiv Graubünden'' In: Radio Südostschweiz ils 3 october 2022
* ''[https://www.srf.ch/audio/regionaljournal-graubuenden/naturpark-raetikon-fehlendes-vertrauen-in-die-behoerden?id=41a5ce2d-71e9-4321-97a0-a47e269586ab Wie können die Biografien wichtige Bündner Frauen sichtbarer werden?]'' In:  Radio e Television Svizra, emischiun ''Regionaljournal Graubünden'' ils 8 mars 2021 (a partir da 12:03 Min.)

== Indicaziun da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Dunnas]]
[[Categoria:Archivs en Svizra]]</text>
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Last updated on Tue, 14 Apr 2026 10:42:32 +0000.
[https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?labels%5Fyes=&amp;cb%5Flabels%5Fany%5Fl=1&amp;langs%5Flabels%5Fany=&amp;min%5Fstatements=&amp;labels%5Fany=&amp;ores%5Fprob%5Fto=&amp;common%5Fwiki=auto&amp;rxp%5Ffilter=&amp;wikidata%5Fsource%5Fsites=&amp;sortby=size&amp;cb%5Flabels%5Fno%5Fl=1&amp;maxlinks=&amp;active%5Ftab=tab%5Foutput&amp;labels%5Fno=&amp;format=wiki&amp;langs%5Flabels%5Fno=&amp;project=wikipedia&amp;combination=union&amp;sortorder=ascending&amp;referrer%5Furl=&amp;doit=Los%21&amp;show%5Fredirects=no&amp;wikidata%5Flabel%5Flanguage=&amp;show%5Fsoft%5Fredirects=no&amp;before=&amp;pagepile=&amp;show%5Fdisambiguation%5Fpages=no&amp;ores%5Ftype=any&amp;categories=Lieu%20en%20Svizra%0D%0ALieu%20en%20Svizra%20%2D%20per%20repassar%0D%0A%0D%0A&amp;links%5Fto%5Fno=&amp;min%5Fredlink%5Fcount=1&amp;page%5Fimage=any&amp;sparql=&amp;manual%5Flist%5Fwiki=&amp;smaller=&amp;cb%5Flabels%5Fyes%5Fl=1&amp;max%5Fstatements=&amp;search%5Fmax%5Fresults=500&amp;max%5Fage=&amp;common%5Fwiki%5Fother=&amp;sitelinks%5Fany=&amp;wikidata%5Fprop%5Fitem%5Fuse=&amp;links%5Fto%5Fany=&amp;search%5Ffilter=&amp;output%5Fcompatability=catscan&amp;edits%5Bbots%5D=both&amp;talk%5Fpage%5Fexists=both&amp;namespace%5Fconversion=keep&amp;outlinks%5Fany=&amp;interface%5Flanguage=de&amp;negcats=Lieu%20en%20il%20chantun%20Grischun&amp;source%5Fcombination=&amp;edits%5Banons%5D=both&amp;search%5Fquery=&amp;links%5Fto%5Fall=&amp;templates%5Fno=%0D%0A&amp;wikidata%5Fitem=any&amp;outlinks%5Fyes=&amp;templates%5Fyes=%0D%0A&amp;min%5Fsitelink%5Fcount=&amp;depth=10&amp;sitelinks%5Fyes=&amp;output%5Flimit=&amp;referrer%5Fname=&amp;ores%5Fprob%5Ffrom=&amp;langs%5Flabels%5Fyes=&amp;outlinks%5Fno=&amp;larger=&amp;ns%5B0%5D=1&amp;language=rm&amp;minlinks=&amp;manual%5Flist=&amp;search%5Fwiki=&amp;sitelinks%5Fno=&amp;max%5Fsitelink%5Fcount=&amp;edits%5Bflagged%5D=both&amp;ores%5Fprediction=any&amp;wpiu=any&amp;sparql%5Fserver=wikidata&amp;max%5Fidentifiers=&amp;subpage%5Ffilter=either&amp;after=&amp;templates%5Fany=&amp;since%5Frev0=&amp;min%5Fidentifiers= Regenerate this table] or [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?labels%5Fyes=&amp;cb%5Flabels%5Fany%5Fl=1&amp;langs%5Flabels%5Fany=&amp;min%5Fstatements=&amp;labels%5Fany=&amp;ores%5Fprob%5Fto=&amp;common%5Fwiki=auto&amp;rxp%5Ffilter=&amp;wikidata%5Fsource%5Fsites=&amp;sortby=size&amp;cb%5Flabels%5Fno%5Fl=1&amp;maxlinks=&amp;active%5Ftab=tab%5Foutput&amp;labels%5Fno=&amp;langs%5Flabels%5Fno=&amp;project=wikipedia&amp;combination=union&amp;sortorder=ascending&amp;referrer%5Furl=&amp;show%5Fredirects=no&amp;wikidata%5Flabel%5Flanguage=&amp;show%5Fsoft%5Fredirects=no&amp;before=&amp;pagepile=&amp;show%5Fdisambiguation%5Fpages=no&amp;ores%5Ftype=any&amp;categories=Lieu%20en%20Svizra%0D%0ALieu%20en%20Svizra%20%2D%20per%20repassar%0D%0A%0D%0A&amp;links%5Fto%5Fno=&amp;min%5Fredlink%5Fcount=1&amp;page%5Fimage=any&amp;sparql=&amp;manual%5Flist%5Fwiki=&amp;smaller=&amp;cb%5Flabels%5Fyes%5Fl=1&amp;max%5Fstatements=&amp;search%5Fmax%5Fresults=500&amp;max%5Fage=&amp;common%5Fwiki%5Fother=&amp;sitelinks%5Fany=&amp;wikidata%5Fprop%5Fitem%5Fuse=&amp;links%5Fto%5Fany=&amp;search%5Ffilter=&amp;output%5Fcompatability=catscan&amp;edits%5Bbots%5D=both&amp;talk%5Fpage%5Fexists=both&amp;namespace%5Fconversion=keep&amp;outlinks%5Fany=&amp;interface%5Flanguage=de&amp;negcats=Lieu%20en%20il%20chantun%20Grischun&amp;source%5Fcombination=&amp;edits%5Banons%5D=both&amp;search%5Fquery=&amp;links%5Fto%5Fall=&amp;templates%5Fno=%0D%0A&amp;wikidata%5Fitem=any&amp;outlinks%5Fyes=&amp;templates%5Fyes=%0D%0A&amp;min%5Fsitelink%5Fcount=&amp;depth=10&amp;sitelinks%5Fyes=&amp;output%5Flimit=&amp;referrer%5Fname=&amp;ores%5Fprob%5Ffrom=&amp;langs%5Flabels%5Fyes=&amp;outlinks%5Fno=&amp;larger=&amp;ns%5B0%5D=1&amp;language=rm&amp;minlinks=&amp;manual%5Flist=&amp;search%5Fwiki=&amp;sitelinks%5Fno=&amp;max%5Fsitelink%5Fcount=&amp;edits%5Bflagged%5D=both&amp;ores%5Fprediction=any&amp;wpiu=any&amp;sparql%5Fserver=wikidata&amp;max%5Fidentifiers=&amp;subpage%5Ffilter=either&amp;after=&amp;templates%5Fany=&amp;since%5Frev0=&amp;min%5Fidentifiers= edit the query].

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| [[Bitsch|Bitsch]] || 3804 || 0 || 204 || 20151128212955 || [[:d:Q68046|Q68046]]
|-
| [[Grindel|Grindel]] || 6011 || 0 || 204 || 20151128231646 || [[:d:Q66354|Q66354]]
|-
| [[Naters|Naters]] || 3799 || 0 || 204 || 20151129004506 || [[:d:Q67040|Q67040]]
|-
| [[Salins|Salins]] || 3729 || 0 || 204 || 20250117202416 || [[:d:Q689668|Q689668]]
|-
| [[Gampel|Gampel]] || 3759 || 0 || 204 || 20151128230532 || [[:d:Q689575|Q689575]]
|-
| [[Buix|Buix]] || 5540 || 0 || 205 || 20130308155335 || [[:d:Q671092|Q671092]]
|-
| [[Oberems|Oberems]] || 3763 || 0 || 205 || 20151129005608 || [[:d:Q67254|Q67254]]
|-
| [[Birgisch|Birgisch]] || 3802 || 0 || 205 || 20151128213040 || [[:d:Q67999|Q67999]]
|-
| [[Himmelried|Himmelried]] || 6012 || 0 || 205 || 20151128232118 || [[:d:Q70044|Q70044]]
|-
| [[Ried-Brig|Ried-Brig]] || 3800 || 0 || 206 || 20151129015029 || [[:d:Q67474|Q67474]]
|-
| [[Turtmann|Turtmann]] || 3760 || 0 || 206 || 20151129115646 || [[:d:Q70054|Q70054]]
|-
| [[Ulrichen|Ulrichen]] || 3823 || 0 || 206 || 20151129120523 || [[:d:Q662247|Q662247]]
|-
| [[Oberwald|Oberwald]] || 3825 || 0 || 206 || 20151129005517 || [[:d:Q666959|Q666959]]
|-
| [[Unterems|Unterems]] || 3761 || 0 || 206 || 20151129115924 || [[:d:Q67491|Q67491]]
|-
| [[Bellwald|Bellwald]] || 3817 || 0 || 206 || 20151128212233 || [[:d:Q68466|Q68466]]
|-
| [[Grimisuat|Grimisuat]] || 3728 || 0 || 207 || 20151128231701 || [[:d:Q69579|Q69579]]
|-
| [[Leukerbad|Leukerbad]] || 3751 || 0 || 207 || 20151128235429 || [[:d:Q69436|Q69436]]
|-
| [[Eggerberg|Eggerberg]] || 3796 || 0 || 207 || 20151128224637 || [[:d:Q67486|Q67486]]
|-
| [[Kleinlützel|Kleinlützel]] || 6013 || 0 || 207 || 20151128232910 || [[:d:Q66173|Q66173]]
|-
| [[Veysonnaz|Veysonnaz]] || 3730 || 0 || 207 || 20151129121835 || [[:d:Q70112|Q70112]]
|-
| [[Niederwald|Niederwald]] || 3818 || 0 || 208 || 20151129004649 || [[:d:Q70357|Q70357]]
|-
| [[Blitzingen|Blitzingen]] || 3819 || 0 || 208 || 20151128212757 || [[:d:Q70341|Q70341]]
|-
| [[Naz|Naz]] || 3431 || 0 || 209 || 20130308013137 || [[:d:Q678975|Q678975]]
|-
| [[Fieschertal|Fieschertal]] || 3814 || 0 || 209 || 20151128225046 || [[:d:Q70716|Q70716]]
|-
| [[Gilly|Gilly]] || 5329 || 0 || 210 || 20151128230559 || [[:d:Q70383|Q70383]]
|-
| [[Borex|Borex]] || 3229 || 0 || 210 || 20151128212608 || [[:d:Q52270|Q52270]]
|-
| [[Ardon|Ardon]] || 3713 || 0 || 210 || 20170608145531 || [[:d:Q69556|Q69556]]
|-
| [[Nendaz|Nendaz]] || 3715 || 0 || 210 || 20151129004421 || [[:d:Q69540|Q69540]]
|-
| [[Grens|Grens]] || 3233 || 0 || 210 || 20151128231243 || [[:d:Q69285|Q69285]]
|-
| [[Morges|Morges]] || 3273 || 0 || 210 || 20151129004011 || [[:d:Q69401|Q69401]]
|-
| [[Lavizzara|Lavizzara]] || 3846 || 0 || 211 || 20161227004553 || [[:d:Q68005|Q68005]]
|-
| [[Vich|Vich]] || 3243 || 0 || 211 || 20151129122311 || [[:d:Q69282|Q69282]]
|-
| [[Romanel-sur-Lausanne|Romanel-sur-Lausanne]] || 3301 || 0 || 211 || 20130308000607 || [[:d:Q70254|Q70254]]
|-
| [[Vinzel|Vinzel]] || 3251 || 0 || 211 || 20151129122348 || [[:d:Q68651|Q68651]]
|-
| [[Tannay|Tannay]] || 3218 || 0 || 211 || 20151129115428 || [[:d:Q69312|Q69312]]
|-
| [[Coppet|Coppet]] || 3224 || 0 || 211 || 20151128221345 || [[:d:Q57097|Q57097]]
|-
| [[Conthey|Conthey]] || 3696 || 0 || 211 || 20151128221359 || [[:d:Q69563|Q69563]]
|-
| [[Eysins|Eysins]] || 3232 || 0 || 211 || 20151128224713 || [[:d:Q69287|Q69287]]
|-
| [[Vétroz|Vétroz]] || 3712 || 0 || 211 || 20151129123444 || [[:d:Q69515|Q69515]]
|-
| [[Ogens|Ogens]] || 3663 || 0 || 211 || 20130308024631 || [[:d:Q68908|Q68908]]
|-
| [[Founex|Founex]] || 3221 || 0 || 211 || 20151128225538 || [[:d:Q69331|Q69331]]
|-
| [[Perroy|Perroy]] || 3258 || 0 || 211 || 20151129011746 || [[:d:Q68076|Q68076]]
|-
| [[Guttet-Feschel|Guttet-Feschel]] || 3756 || 0 || 212 || 20151128231523 || [[:d:Q69988|Q69988]]
|-
| [[Chamoson|Chamoson]] || 3714 || 0 || 212 || 20151128215315 || [[:d:Q70178|Q70178]]
|-
| [[Trélex|Trélex]] || 3237 || 0 || 212 || 20151129115656 || [[:d:Q69318|Q69318]]
|-
| [[Givrins|Givrins]] || 3240 || 0 || 212 || 20151128230828 || [[:d:Q69315|Q69315]]
|-
| [[Le Mont-sur-Lausanne|Le Mont-sur-Lausanne]] || 3300 || 0 || 212 || 20130308000556 || [[:d:Q70221|Q70221]]
|-
| [[Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne|Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne]] || 3299 || 0 || 212 || 20130308000545 || [[:d:Q52773|Q52773]]
|-
| [[Gingins|Gingins]] || 3235 || 0 || 212 || 20151128230906 || [[:d:Q69337|Q69337]]
|-
| [[Denezy|Denezy]] || 3647 || 0 || 212 || 20130308024329 || [[:d:Q70557|Q70557]]
|-
| [[Oppens|Oppens]] || 3548 || 0 || 212 || 20130308020814 || [[:d:Q70663|Q70663]]
|-
| [[Commugny|Commugny]] || 3220 || 0 || 213 || 20151128221034 || [[:d:Q57094|Q57094]]
|-
| [[Genolier|Genolier]] || 3244 || 0 || 213 || 20151128230423 || [[:d:Q69290|Q69290]]
|-
| [[Duillier|Duillier]] || 3239 || 0 || 213 || 20151128222907 || [[:d:Q70389|Q70389]]
|-
| [[La Rippe|La Rippe]] || 3228 || 0 || 213 || 20151128234008 || [[:d:Q69309|Q69309]]
|-
| [[Crassier|Crassier]] || 5324 || 0 || 213 || 20151128221606 || [[:d:Q57117|Q57117]]
|-
| [[Coinsins|Coinsins]] || 3241 || 0 || 213 || 20151128220818 || [[:d:Q57091|Q57091]]
|-
| [[Bellevue|Bellevue]] || 3212 || 0 || 213 || 20151128212248 || [[:d:Q69836|Q69836]]
|-
| [[Prangins|Prangins]] || 3238 || 0 || 213 || 20151129013301 || [[:d:Q69293|Q69293]]
|-
| [[Yens|Yens]] || 3263 || 0 || 214 || 20151129124145 || [[:d:Q68642|Q68642]]
|-
| [[Chéserex|Chéserex]] || 3230 || 0 || 214 || 20151128220914 || [[:d:Q52777|Q52777]]
|-
| [[Orny|Orny]] || 3363 || 0 || 214 || 20151129005804 || [[:d:Q68917|Q68917]]
|-
| [[Etoy|Etoy]] || 3261 || 0 || 214 || 20151128224759 || [[:d:Q70216|Q70216]]
|-
| [[Gimel|Gimel]] || 3326 || 0 || 215 || 20151128230917 || [[:d:Q70245|Q70245]]
|-
| [[Moiry|Moiry]] || 3357 || 0 || 215 || 20151129003229 || [[:d:Q68758|Q68758]]
|-
| [[Iseo|Iseo]] || 3928 || 0 || 215 || 20151128232315 || [[:d:Q690157|Q690157]]
|-
| [[Lully (VD)|Lully]] || 3268 || 0 || 215 || 20151129000443 || [[:d:Q68930|Q68930]]
|-
| [[Thierrens|Thierrens]] || 3660 || 0 || 215 || 20130308024558 || [[:d:Q70681|Q70681]]
|-
| [[Denges|Denges]] || 3289 || 0 || 216 || 20151128222351 || [[:d:Q68671|Q68671]]
|-
| [[Bière|Bière]] || 3334 || 0 || 216 || 20151128212854 || [[:d:Q52262|Q52262]]
|-
| [[Monnaz|Monnaz]] || 3277 || 0 || 216 || 20151129003109 || [[:d:Q678769|Q678769]]
|-
| [[Grancy|Grancy]] || 3345 || 0 || 216 || 20151128231012 || [[:d:Q68638|Q68638]]
|-
| [[Féchy|Féchy]] || 3332 || 0 || 216 || 20151128225417 || [[:d:Q70260|Q70260]]
|-
| [[L'Isle|L'Isle]] || 3340 || 0 || 216 || 20151128234322 || [[:d:Q68387|Q68387]]
|-
| [[Chigny|Chigny]] || 3276 || 0 || 216 || 20151128220516 || [[:d:Q57086|Q57086]]
|-
| [[Apples|Apples]] || 3337 || 0 || 216 || 20151128211437 || [[:d:Q43202|Q43202]]
|-
| [[Oron-la-Ville|Oron-la-Ville]] || 3633 || 0 || 216 || 20130308024056 || [[:d:Q689091|Q689091]]
|-
| [[Collonge-Bellerive|Collonge-Bellerive]] || 3180 || 0 || 217 || 20130307230311 || [[:d:Q69037|Q69037]]
|-
| [[Allaman|Allaman]] || 3259 || 0 || 217 || 20151128211300 || [[:d:Q43201|Q43201]]
|-
| [[Sévery|Sévery]] || 3346 || 0 || 217 || 20151129022817 || [[:d:Q70544|Q70544]]
|-
| [[Lavigny|Lavigny]] || 3262 || 0 || 217 || 20151128234841 || [[:d:Q68756|Q68756]]
|-
| [[Bogis-Bossey|Bogis-Bossey]] || 3223 || 0 || 217 || 20151128212706 || [[:d:Q52268|Q52268]]
|-
| [[Chevenez|Chevenez]] || 5543 || 0 || 217 || 20130308155409 || [[:d:Q671032|Q671032]]
|-
| [[Signy-Avenex|Signy-Avenex]] || 3231 || 0 || 217 || 20151129021114 || [[:d:Q69324|Q69324]]
|-
| [[Saint-Cergue|Saint-Cergue]] || 3234 || 0 || 217 || 20151129020057 || [[:d:Q69335|Q69335]]
|-
| [[Mollens (VD)|Mollens]] || 3748 || 0 || 217 || 20151129003205 || [[:d:Q70553|Q70553]]
|-
| [[Cottens (VD)|Cottens]] || 3347 || 0 || 217 || 20151128221142 || [[:d:Q57113|Q57113]]
|-
| [[Ballens|Ballens]] || 3336 || 0 || 217 || 20151128212458 || [[:d:Q43240|Q43240]]
|-
| [[Cuarnens|Cuarnens]] || 3343 || 0 || 218 || 20151128222012 || [[:d:Q68624|Q68624]]
|-
| [[Seleute|Seleute]] || 5573 || 0 || 218 || 20130308155830 || [[:d:Q668637|Q668637]]
|-
| [[Cossonay|Cossonay]] || 3348 || 0 || 218 || 20151128221211 || [[:d:Q57111|Q57111]]
|-
| [[Chevilly|Chevilly]] || 3358 || 0 || 218 || 20151128220619 || [[:d:Q52785|Q52785]]
|-
| [[Grächen|Grächen]] || 3791 || 0 || 218 || 20161227005958 || [[:d:Q70097|Q70097]]
|-
| [[Mont-sur-Rolle|Mont-sur-Rolle]] || 3257 || 0 || 219 || 20151129003041 || [[:d:Q68762|Q68762]]
|-
| [[Vernier|Vernier]] || 2582 || 0 || 219 || 20161227003615 || [[:d:Q63922|Q63922]]
|-
| [[Pompaples|Pompaples]] || 3364 || 0 || 219 || 20151129012426 || [[:d:Q70675|Q70675]]
|-
| [[Colombier (VD)|Colombier]] || 3283 || 0 || 219 || 20151128220723 || [[:d:Q678901|Q678901]]
|-
| [[Arnex-sur-Nyon|Arnex-sur-Nyon]] || 3226 || 0 || 219 || 20151128211548 || [[:d:Q43206|Q43206]]
|-
| [[Montherod|Montherod]] || 3329 || 0 || 219 || 20151129003614 || [[:d:Q68687|Q68687]]
|-
| [[Ferreyres|Ferreyres]] || 3359 || 0 || 219 || 20151128225109 || [[:d:Q68500|Q68500]]
|-
| [[La Sarraz|La Sarraz]] || 3353 || 0 || 219 || 20151128233924 || [[:d:Q70210|Q70210]]
|-
| [[Réclère|Réclère]] || 5570 || 0 || 219 || 20140418143702 || [[:d:Q668719|Q668719]]
|-
| [[Reverolle|Reverolle]] || 3280 || 0 || 219 || 20151129015110 || [[:d:Q68886|Q68886]]
|-
| [[Echandens|Echandens]] || 3290 || 0 || 219 || 20151128224349 || [[:d:Q68630|Q68630]]
|-
| [[Saint-Prex|Saint-Prex]] || 3269 || 0 || 220 || 20151129020424 || [[:d:Q68063|Q68063]]
|-
| [[Tolochenaz|Tolochenaz]] || 3272 || 0 || 220 || 20151129115549 || [[:d:Q69398|Q69398]]
|-
| [[Epiquerez|Epiquerez]] || 5610 || 0 || 220 || 20130308160328 || [[:d:Q690125|Q690125]]
|-
| [[Montricher|Montricher]] || 3339 || 0 || 220 || 20220219022453 || [[:d:Q68626|Q68626]]
|-
| [[Montenol|Montenol]] || 5565 || 0 || 220 || 20130308155704 || [[:d:Q668683|Q668683]]
|-
| [[La Chaux|La Chaux]] || 3351 || 0 || 220 || 20151128234140 || [[:d:Q52701|Q52701]]
|-
| [[Saas-Grund|Saas-Grund]] || 3785 || 0 || 220 || 20161227010924 || [[:d:Q70032|Q70032]]
|-
| [[Vullierens|Vullierens]] || 3284 || 0 || 220 || 20151129123510 || [[:d:Q68636|Q68636]]
|-
| [[Saint-Oyens|Saint-Oyens]] || 3324 || 0 || 221 || 20151129020438 || [[:d:Q68946|Q68946]]
|-
| [[Saint-Livres|Saint-Livres]] || 3333 || 0 || 222 || 20151129020617 || [[:d:Q68749|Q68749]]
|-
| [[Brienz (BE)|Brienz]] || 4702 || 0 || 222 || 20130310040711 || [[:d:Q65268|Q65268]]
|-
| [[Préverenges|Préverenges]] || 3288 || 0 || 222 || 20151129013741 || [[:d:Q68711|Q68711]]
|-
| [[Bougy-Villars|Bougy-Villars]] || 3331 || 0 || 223 || 20151128213526 || [[:d:Q52272|Q52272]]
|-
| [[Mont-la-Ville|Mont-la-Ville]] || 3341 || 0 || 223 || 20151129003056 || [[:d:Q70547|Q70547]]
|-
| [[Sédeilles|Sédeilles]] || 5363 || 0 || 223 || 20151129022505 || [[:d:Q389322|Q389322]]
|-
| [[Chavannes-des-Bois|Chavannes-des-Bois]] || 3219 || 0 || 223 || 20151128220254 || [[:d:Q52703|Q52703]]
|-
| [[Chavannes-de-Bogis|Chavannes-de-Bogis]] || 3222 || 0 || 223 || 20151128220311 || [[:d:Q52702|Q52702]]
|-
| [[Gordevio|Gordevio]] || 3852 || 0 || 224 || 20151128231140 || [[:d:Q668138|Q668138]]
|-
| [[Schwanden bei Brienz|Schwanden bei Brienz]] || 4695 || 0 || 224 || 20130310040414 || [[:d:Q65238|Q65238]]
|-
| [[Granges-près-Marnand|Granges-près-Marnand]] || 3590 || 0 || 224 || 20130308023237 || [[:d:Q668880|Q668880]]
|-
| [[Rivera|Rivera]] || 3898 || 0 || 224 || 20130308132840 || [[:d:Q663061|Q663061]]
|-
| [[Büsserach|Büsserach]] || 6008 || 0 || 224 || 20130308173916 || [[:d:Q66770|Q66770]]
|-
| [[Vaux-sur-Morges|Vaux-sur-Morges]] || 3278 || 0 || 225 || 20151129121526 || [[:d:Q68836|Q68836]]
|-
| [[Campo (Blenio)|Campo]] || 6333 || 0 || 225 || 20151128214240 || [[:d:Q58938|Q58938]]
|-
| [[Saint-Barthélemy|Saint-Barthélemy]] || 3413 || 0 || 225 || 20130308011802 || [[:d:Q68073|Q68073]]
|-
| [[Raron|Raron]] || 3769 || 0 || 225 || 20151129014701 || [[:d:Q69786|Q69786]]
|-
| [[Essertines-sur-Rolle|Essertines-sur-Rolle]] || 5328 || 0 || 225 || 20151128224843 || [[:d:Q68674|Q68674]]
|-
| [[Linescio|Linescio]] || 3849 || 0 || 225 || 20151128235724 || [[:d:Q67989|Q67989]]
|-
| [[Prato (Leventina)|Prato]] || 3830 || 0 || 226 || 20130308131031 || [[:d:Q67677|Q67677]]
|-
| [[Bussy-Chardonney|Bussy-Chardonney]] || 3266 || 0 || 226 || 20151128213748 || [[:d:Q52303|Q52303]]
|-
| [[Cerentino|Cerentino]] || 3850 || 0 || 226 || 20151128215450 || [[:d:Q67965|Q67965]]
|-
| [[Ferden|Ferden]] || 3770 || 0 || 226 || 20151128225156 || [[:d:Q68033|Q68033]]
|-
| [[Kippel|Kippel]] || 3771 || 0 || 226 || 20151128232939 || [[:d:Q67691|Q67691]]
|-
| [[Luins|Luins]] || 3250 || 0 || 226 || 20151128235915 || [[:d:Q68690|Q68690]]
|-
| [[Corcelles-près-Payerne|Corcelles-près-Payerne]] || 3606 || 0 || 226 || 20130311103627 || [[:d:Q57104|Q57104]]
|-
| [[Lussy-sur-Morges|Lussy-sur-Morges]] || 3265 || 0 || 226 || 20151129000251 || [[:d:Q68737|Q68737]]
|-
| [[Villars-sous-Yens|Villars-sous-Yens]] || 3264 || 0 || 227 || 20151129122520 || [[:d:Q68724|Q68724]]
|-
| [[Coeuve|Coeuve]] || 5544 || 0 || 227 || 20151128220835 || [[:d:Q68821|Q68821]]
|-
| [[Hohtenn|Hohtenn]] || 3766 || 0 || 227 || 20151128232105 || [[:d:Q689623|Q689623]]
|-
| [[Moudon|Moudon]] || 3643 || 0 || 228 || 20161227005524 || [[:d:Q70202|Q70202]]
|-
| [[Romanel-sur-Morges|Romanel-sur-Morges]] || 3281 || 0 || 228 || 20151129015346 || [[:d:Q70332|Q70332]]
|-
| [[Eischoll|Eischoll]] || 3774 || 0 || 228 || 20151128224625 || [[:d:Q70391|Q70391]]
|-
| [[Mur|Mur]] || 3608 || 0 || 228 || 20151129003825 || [[:d:Q668923|Q668923]]
|-
| [[Jouxtens-Mézery|Jouxtens-Mézery]] || 3298 || 0 || 229 || 20151128232608 || [[:d:Q70243|Q70243]]
|-
| [[Chavannes-le-Veyron|Chavannes-le-Veyron]] || 3349 || 0 || 229 || 20151128220219 || [[:d:Q52706|Q52706]]
|-
| [[Bürchen|Bürchen]] || 3776 || 0 || 229 || 20151128213719 || [[:d:Q70712|Q70712]]
|-
| [[Mezzovico-Vira|Mezzovico-Vira]] || 3899 || 0 || 230 || 20130311103054 || [[:d:Q70124|Q70124]]
|-
| [[Ausserberg|Ausserberg]] || 3768 || 0 || 230 || 20151128211856 || [[:d:Q68022|Q68022]]
|-
| [[Vufflens-le-Château|Vufflens-le-Château]] || 3274 || 0 || 230 || 20151129123145 || [[:d:Q69445|Q69445]]
|-
| [[Zermatt|Zermatt]] || 3793 || 0 || 230 || 20220427140449 || [[:d:Q27494|Q27494]]
|-
| [[Unterbäch|Unterbäch]] || 3775 || 0 || 230 || 20151129120509 || [[:d:Q68215|Q68215]]
|-
| [[Egerkingen|Egerkingen]] || 6026 || 0 || 230 || 20151128224137 || [[:d:Q64275|Q64275]]
|-
| [[Sassel|Sassel]] || 3589 || 0 || 231 || 20151129020705 || [[:d:Q689097|Q689097]]
|-
| [[Lucens|Lucens]] || 3652 || 0 || 231 || 20151129000009 || [[:d:Q70110|Q70110]]
|-
| [[Saint-Sulpice|Saint-Sulpice]] || 3292 || 0 || 231 || 20130308000429 || [[:d:Q68019|Q68019]]
|-
| [[Kestenholz|Kestenholz]] || 6022 || 0 || 231 || 20151128232952 || [[:d:Q66084|Q66084]]
|-
| [[Marnand|Marnand]] || 3591 || 0 || 232 || 20151129002208 || [[:d:Q671122|Q671122]]
|-
| [[Chabrey|Chabrey]] || 3611 || 0 || 232 || 20151128215341 || [[:d:Q668912|Q668912]]
|-
| [[Maracon|Maracon]] || 3637 || 0 || 232 || 20151129001238 || [[:d:Q68640|Q68640]]
|-
| [[Oleyres|Oleyres]] || 5292 || 0 || 232 || 20151129005435 || [[:d:Q668325|Q668325]]
|-
| [[Servion|Servion]] || 3626 || 0 || 232 || 20151129021216 || [[:d:Q68649|Q68649]]
|-
| [[Savigny|Savigny]] || 3302 || 0 || 232 || 20151129021044 || [[:d:Q70647|Q70647]]
|-
| [[Ferlens|Ferlens]] || 3625 || 0 || 232 || 20151128225143 || [[:d:Q68729|Q68729]]
|-
| [[Henniez|Henniez]] || 3592 || 0 || 232 || 20151128231824 || [[:d:Q68873|Q68873]]
|-
| [[San Nazzaro (TI)|San Nazzaro]] || 3892 || 0 || 232 || 20130310070117 || [[:d:Q663031|Q663031]]
|-
| [[Cugy (VD)|Cugy]] || 3392 || 0 || 232 || 20151128221847 || [[:d:Q68747|Q68747]]
|-
| [[Cerniaz|Cerniaz]] || 3594 || 0 || 232 || 20151128215409 || [[:d:Q671148|Q671148]]
|-
| [[Steg-Hohtenn|Steg-Hohtenn]] || 13949 || 0 || 233 || 20210415105458 || [[:d:Q70624|Q70624]]
|-
| [[Payerne|Payerne]] || 3602 || 0 || 233 || 20161227005416 || [[:d:Q69525|Q69525]]
|-
| [[Cudrefin|Cudrefin]] || 3607 || 0 || 233 || 20151128221941 || [[:d:Q70192|Q70192]]
|-
| [[Seigneux|Seigneux]] || 3593 || 0 || 233 || 20151129020849 || [[:d:Q668843|Q668843]]
|-
| [[Vuibroye|Vuibroye]] || 3628 || 0 || 233 || 20151129123605 || [[:d:Q678930|Q678930]]
|-
| [[Vulliens|Vulliens]] || 3624 || 0 || 233 || 20151129123522 || [[:d:Q68628|Q68628]]
|-
| [[Fey|Fey]] || 3429 || 0 || 233 || 20151128225058 || [[:d:Q68915|Q68915]]
|-
| [[Laupersdorf|Laupersdorf]] || 6028 || 0 || 233 || 20160727202510 || [[:d:Q66407|Q66407]]
|-
| [[Vendlincourt|Vendlincourt]] || 5574 || 0 || 233 || 20151129121756 || [[:d:Q58038|Q58038]]
|-
| [[Ecoteaux|Ecoteaux]] || 3638 || 0 || 233 || 20151128224239 || [[:d:Q586275|Q586275]]
|-
| [[Brig-Glis|Brig-Glis]] || 3797 || 0 || 233 || 20161227005806 || [[:d:Q15583|Q15583]]
|-
| [[Ponte Capriasca|Ponte Capriasca]] || 3930 || 0 || 233 || 20130311103128 || [[:d:Q67733|Q67733]]
|-
| [[Niedergesteln|Niedergesteln]] || 3767 || 0 || 233 || 20151129004355 || [[:d:Q70161|Q70161]]
|-
| [[Vucherens|Vucherens]] || 3639 || 0 || 234 || 20151129123208 || [[:d:Q70048|Q70048]]
|-
| [[Bellerive|Bellerive]] || 3610 || 0 || 234 || 20151128212301 || [[:d:Q665531|Q665531]]
|-
| [[Montmagny|Montmagny]] || 3612 || 0 || 234 || 20151129003538 || [[:d:Q668363|Q668363]]
|-
| [[Grandcour|Grandcour]] || 3603 || 0 || 234 || 20151128231001 || [[:d:Q70190|Q70190]]
|-
| [[Vallamand|Vallamand]] || 3609 || 0 || 234 || 20151129120821 || [[:d:Q387716|Q387716]]
|-
| [[Mézières (VD)|Mézières]] || 3622 || 0 || 235 || 20151129004108 || [[:d:Q68921|Q68921]]
|-
| [[Bottens|Bottens]] || 3395 || 0 || 235 || 20151128213553 || [[:d:Q52271|Q52271]]
|-
| [[Sottens|Sottens]] || 3667 || 0 || 235 || 20151129022111 || [[:d:Q678715|Q678715]]
|-
| [[Sant'Abbondio (TI)|Sant'Abbondio]] || 3897 || 0 || 235 || 20130311103101 || [[:d:Q668068|Q668068]]
|-
| [[Asuel|Asuel]] || 5535 || 0 || 235 || 20151128211740 || [[:d:Q668360|Q668360]]
|-
| [[Cugnasco|Cugnasco]] || 3876 || 0 || 235 || 20151128221927 || [[:d:Q157344|Q157344]]
|-
| [[Saint-Saphorin-sur-Morges|Saint-Saphorin-sur-Morges]] || 3275 || 0 || 235 || 20151129020406 || [[:d:Q678787|Q678787]]
|-
| [[Boulens|Boulens]] || 3664 || 0 || 235 || 20151128213514 || [[:d:Q52273|Q52273]]
|-
| [[Sullens|Sullens]] || 3369 || 0 || 235 || 20151129022646 || [[:d:Q70537|Q70537]]
|-
| [[Bettens|Bettens]] || 3366 || 0 || 235 || 20151128212133 || [[:d:Q52259|Q52259]]
|-
| [[Palézieux|Palézieux]] || 3632 || 0 || 235 || 20151129012038 || [[:d:Q689254|Q689254]]
|-
| [[Sugnens|Sugnens]] || 3430 || 0 || 235 || 20151129022659 || [[:d:Q657274|Q657274]]
|-
| [[Bercher|Bercher]] || 3428 || 0 || 235 || 20151128212217 || [[:d:Q52256|Q52256]]
|-
| [[Châtillens|Châtillens]] || 3629 || 0 || 236 || 20151128220435 || [[:d:Q678690|Q678690]]
|-
| [[Correvon|Correvon]] || 3661 || 0 || 236 || 20151128221238 || [[:d:Q57107|Q57107]]
|-
| [[Steffisburg|Steffisburg]] || 4733 || 0 || 236 || 20130310041237 || [[:d:Q69668|Q69668]]
|-
| [[Treytorrens|Treytorrens]] || 3585 || 0 || 236 || 20151129115726 || [[:d:Q70673|Q70673]]
|-
| [[Daillens|Daillens]] || 3365 || 0 || 236 || 20151128222503 || [[:d:Q68892|Q68892]]
|-
| [[Constantine|Constantine]] || 3613 || 0 || 236 || 20151128221001 || [[:d:Q633554|Q633554]]
|-
| [[Eclagnens|Eclagnens]] || 3416 || 0 || 237 || 20151128224251 || [[:d:Q678072|Q678072]]
|-
| [[Castel San Pietro|Castel San Pietro]] || 3993 || 0 || 237 || 20130308134518 || [[:d:Q67872|Q67872]]
|-
| [[Les Cullayes|Les Cullayes]] || 3620 || 0 || 237 || 20151128235340 || [[:d:Q634166|Q634166]]
|-
| [[Wiler (Lötschen)|Wiler]] || 3772 || 0 || 237 || 20151129123703 || [[:d:Q67489|Q67489]]
|-
| [[Les Tavernes|Les Tavernes]] || 3630 || 0 || 237 || 20151128235516 || [[:d:Q678960|Q678960]]
|-
| [[Collombey-Muraz|Collombey-Muraz]] || 3400 || 0 || 237 || 20130308010624 || [[:d:Q70165|Q70165]]
|-
| [[Montpreveyres|Montpreveyres]] || 3619 || 0 || 238 || 20151129003313 || [[:d:Q70617|Q70617]]
|-
| [[Les Thioleyres|Les Thioleyres]] || 3631 || 0 || 239 || 20151128235500 || [[:d:Q678295|Q678295]]
|-
| [[Etagnières|Etagnières]] || 3419 || 0 || 239 || 20151128224814 || [[:d:Q68739|Q68739]]
|-
| [[Dommartin|Dommartin]] || 3411 || 0 || 239 || 20151128223133 || [[:d:Q678947|Q678947]]
|-
| [[Miécourt|Miécourt]] || 5564 || 0 || 240 || 20151128234248 || [[:d:Q668794|Q668794]]
|-
| [[Syens|Syens]] || 3640 || 0 || 240 || 20130308024212 || [[:d:Q68684|Q68684]]
|-
| [[Morbio Superiore|Morbio Superiore]] || 3997 || 0 || 240 || 20130311103029 || [[:d:Q668726|Q668726]]
|-
| [[Chavannes-près-Renens|Chavannes-près-Renens]] || 3293 || 0 || 240 || 20130308000439 || [[:d:Q52714|Q52714]]
|-
| [[Oron-le-Châtel|Oron-le-Châtel]] || 3634 || 0 || 240 || 20151129005749 || [[:d:Q689061|Q689061]]
|-
| [[Ocourt|Ocourt]] || 5568 || 0 || 240 || 20151129005503 || [[:d:Q668758|Q668758]]
|-
| [[Pleujouse|Pleujouse]] || 5569 || 0 || 240 || 20151128234304 || [[:d:Q175227|Q175227]]
|-
| [[Villars-Bramard|Villars-Bramard]] || 3595 || 0 || 240 || 20151129122240 || [[:d:Q668230|Q668230]]
|-
| [[Martherenges|Martherenges]] || 3670 || 0 || 240 || 20151129002125 || [[:d:Q68858|Q68858]]
|-
| [[Froideville|Froideville]] || 3397 || 0 || 241 || 20151128225503 || [[:d:Q68720|Q68720]]
|-
| [[Château-d'Oex|Château-d'Oex]] || 3375 || 0 || 241 || 20130308010048 || [[:d:Q52699|Q52699]]
|-
| [[Belmont-sur-Yverdon|Belmont-sur-Yverdon]] || 3545 || 0 || 241 || 20130308020741 || [[:d:Q43256|Q43256]]
|-
| [[Villars-le-Grand|Villars-le-Grand]] || 3614 || 0 || 241 || 20151129122039 || [[:d:Q671135|Q671135]]
|-
| [[Malapalud|Malapalud]] || 3396 || 0 || 241 || 20151129001332 || [[:d:Q122648|Q122648]]
|-
| [[Ropraz|Ropraz]] || 3621 || 0 || 241 || 20130308023748 || [[:d:Q68904|Q68904]]
|-
| [[Roche-d'Or|Roche-d'Or]] || 5571 || 0 || 241 || 20151129014855 || [[:d:Q668124|Q668124]]
|-
| [[Saint-Cierges|Saint-Cierges]] || 3662 || 0 || 241 || 20151129020043 || [[:d:Q68923|Q68923]]
|-
| [[Vezia|Vezia]] || 3961 || 0 || 241 || 20151129121819 || [[:d:Q70126|Q70126]]
|-
| [[Forel-sur-Lucens|Forel-sur-Lucens]] || 3649 || 0 || 241 || 20151128225603 || [[:d:Q52605|Q52605]]
|-
| [[Cremin|Cremin]] || 3651 || 0 || 241 || 20130311103401 || [[:d:Q57119|Q57119]]
|-
| [[Oulens-sur-Lucens|Oulens-sur-Lucens]] || 3650 || 0 || 242 || 20151129005639 || [[:d:Q678799|Q678799]]
|-
| [[Peney-le-Jorat|Peney-le-Jorat]] || 3617 || 0 || 242 || 20151129011848 || [[:d:Q678991|Q678991]]
|-
| [[Fregiécourt|Fregiécourt]] || 5561 || 0 || 242 || 20151128225522 || [[:d:Q671107|Q671107]]
|-
| [[Peyres-Possens|Peyres-Possens]] || 3665 || 0 || 242 || 20151129012345 || [[:d:Q70683|Q70683]]
|-
| [[Bioley-Orjulaz|Bioley-Orjulaz]] || 3420 || 0 || 242 || 20151128213057 || [[:d:Q52265|Q52265]]
|-
| [[Bussigny-sur-Oron|Bussigny-sur-Oron]] || 3636 || 0 || 242 || 20151128213815 || [[:d:Q689297|Q689297]]
|-
| [[Montignez|Montignez]] || 5566 || 0 || 242 || 20151129003600 || [[:d:Q668705|Q668705]]
|-
| [[Presinge|Presinge]] || 3183 || 0 || 243 || 20151129013234 || [[:d:Q69839|Q69839]]
|-
| [[Gündlischwand|Gündlischwand]] || 4716 || 0 || 243 || 20130310040756 || [[:d:Q65560|Q65560]]
|-
| [[Poliez-le-Grand|Poliez-le-Grand]] || 3409 || 0 || 243 || 20151129012516 || [[:d:Q869579|Q869579]]
|-
| [[Lussery-Villars|Lussery-Villars]] || 3362 || 0 || 243 || 20151129000306 || [[:d:Q70586|Q70586]]
|-
| [[Puplinge|Puplinge]] || 3185 || 0 || 243 || 20151129013655 || [[:d:Q69832|Q69832]]
|-
| [[Cadro|Cadro]] || 3977 || 0 || 243 || 20151128214401 || [[:d:Q68401|Q68401]]
|-
| [[Collonges|Collonges]] || 3679 || 0 || 243 || 20130308024926 || [[:d:Q68846|Q68846]]
|-
| [[Chesalles-sur-Oron|Chesalles-sur-Oron]] || 3635 || 0 || 243 || 20151128220028 || [[:d:Q678757|Q678757]]
|-
| [[Sorengo|Sorengo]] || 3946 || 0 || 243 || 20151129022138 || [[:d:Q69995|Q69995]]
|-
| [[Montmelon|Montmelon]] || 5567 || 0 || 243 || 20151129003326 || [[:d:Q668226|Q668226]]
|-
| [[Fontaines-sur-Grandson|Fontaines-sur-Grandson]] || 3513 || 0 || 244 || 20130308020222 || [[:d:Q70551|Q70551]]
|-
| [[Corcelles-près-Concise|Corcelles-près-Concise]] || 5281 || 0 || 244 || 20130308153350 || [[:d:Q57102|Q57102]]
|-
| [[Combremont-le-Petit|Combremont-le-Petit]] || 3587 || 0 || 244 || 20151128221048 || [[:d:Q669555|Q669555]]
|-
| [[Rougemont|Rougemont]] || 3376 || 0 || 244 || 20130308010059 || [[:d:Q70000|Q70000]]
|-
| [[Le Peuchapatte|Le Peuchapatte]] || 5624 || 0 || 244 || 20130308160611 || [[:d:Q668672|Q668672]]
|-
| [[Hermance|Hermance]] || 3174 || 0 || 244 || 20161227003754 || [[:d:Q66200|Q66200]]
|-
| [[Rossinière|Rossinière]] || 3377 || 0 || 244 || 20130308010110 || [[:d:Q67694|Q67694]]
|-
| [[Combremont-le-Grand|Combremont-le-Grand]] || 3588 || 0 || 244 || 20151128221104 || [[:d:Q669644|Q669644]]
|-
| [[Losone|Losone]] || 3873 || 0 || 244 || 20151129000100 || [[:d:Q67116|Q67116]]
|-
| [[Chavannes-sur-Moudon|Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] || 3645 || 0 || 245 || 20151128220152 || [[:d:Q52719|Q52719]]
|-
| [[Neyruz-sur-Moudon|Neyruz-sur-Moudon]] || 3646 || 0 || 245 || 20151129004410 || [[:d:Q70576|Q70576]]
|-
| [[Lamone|Lamone]] || 3966 || 0 || 245 || 20151128234548 || [[:d:Q70030|Q70030]]
|-
| [[Goumoens-le-Jux|Goumoens-le-Jux]] || 3415 || 0 || 245 || 20151128231050 || [[:d:Q689943|Q689943]]
|-
| [[Chesalles-sur-Moudon|Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] || 3659 || 0 || 245 || 20151128220049 || [[:d:Q52747|Q52747]]
|-
| [[Lucerna|Lucerna]] || 2549 || 0 || 245 || 20161227012805 || [[:d:Q4191|Q4191]]
|-
| [[Semione|Semione]] || 4028 || 0 || 245 || 20151129020915 || [[:d:Q660744|Q660744]]
|-
| [[Epauvillers|Epauvillers]] || 5609 || 0 || 245 || 20170608145431 || [[:d:Q671061|Q671061]]
|-
| [[Bratsch|Bratsch]] || 3758 || 0 || 245 || 20160903165814 || [[:d:Q281137|Q281137]]
|-
| [[Villars-Tiercelin|Villars-Tiercelin]] || 3410 || 0 || 245 || 20151129122509 || [[:d:Q678700|Q678700]]
|-
| [[Orbe|Orbe]] || 3449 || 0 || 245 || 20161227005446 || [[:d:Q68213|Q68213]]
|-
| [[Ludiano|Ludiano]] || 4027 || 0 || 245 || 20151128235949 || [[:d:Q660974|Q660974]]
|-
| [[Courtemaîche|Courtemaîche]] || 5549 || 0 || 246 || 20151128221652 || [[:d:Q668740|Q668740]]
|-
| [[Renens|Renens]] || 3296 || 0 || 246 || 20151129014224 || [[:d:Q69745|Q69745]]
|-
| [[Gondo|Gondo]] || 4160 || 0 || 246 || 20170308104734 || [[:d:Q443634|Q443634]]
|-
| [[Sigirino|Sigirino]] || 3904 || 0 || 246 || 20151129021126 || [[:d:Q663071|Q663071]]
|-
| [[Matzendorf|Matzendorf]] || 6037 || 0 || 246 || 20130308175254 || [[:d:Q66352|Q66352]]
|-
| [[Martigny|Martigny]] || 3677 || 0 || 246 || 20161227010531 || [[:d:Q68956|Q68956]]
|-
| [[Carabietta|Carabietta]] || 3934 || 0 || 247 || 20151128215204 || [[:d:Q688587|Q688587]]
|-
| [[Malvaglia|Malvaglia]] || 4029 || 0 || 247 || 20151129001318 || [[:d:Q660999|Q660999]]
|-
| [[Lonay|Lonay]] || 3282 || 0 || 247 || 20151129000123 || [[:d:Q68068|Q68068]]
|-
| [[Mosogno|Mosogno]] || 3885 || 0 || 247 || 20151129003918 || [[:d:Q67874|Q67874]]
|-
| [[Bassins|Bassins]] || 3246 || 0 || 247 || 20150324030220 || [[:d:Q43243|Q43243]]
|-
| [[Camignolo|Camignolo]] || 3901 || 0 || 247 || 20151128214321 || [[:d:Q664197|Q664197]]
|-
| [[Goumoens-la-Ville|Goumoens-la-Ville]] || 3421 || 0 || 247 || 20151128231101 || [[:d:Q690239|Q690239]]
|-
| [[Chapelle-sur-Moudon|Chapelle-sur-Moudon]] || 3666 || 0 || 247 || 20151128215635 || [[:d:Q52697|Q52697]]
|-
| [[Mex (VD)|Mex]] || 3371 || 0 || 247 || 20150324161759 || [[:d:Q70655|Q70655]]
|-
| [[Isorno (TI)|Isorno]] || 3884 || 0 || 248 || 20151128232244 || [[:d:Q69101|Q69101]]
|-
| [[Fiez|Fiez]] || 3510 || 0 || 248 || 20151128225749 || [[:d:Q68861|Q68861]]
|-
| [[Crissier|Crissier]] || 3297 || 0 || 248 || 20151128221511 || [[:d:Q57121|Q57121]]
|-
| [[Valcolla|Valcolla]] || 3972 || 0 || 248 || 20151129120911 || [[:d:Q67967|Q67967]]
|-
| [[Croy|Croy]] || 3497 || 0 || 248 || 20151128221430 || [[:d:Q70541|Q70541]]
|-
| [[Aclens|Aclens]] || 3285 || 0 || 249 || 20151128211132 || [[:d:Q30986|Q30986]]
|-
| [[Agiez|Agiez]] || 3494 || 0 || 249 || 20151128211230 || [[:d:Q43188|Q43188]]
|-
| [[Montaubion-Chardonney|Montaubion-Chardonney]] || 3668 || 0 || 249 || 20151129002959 || [[:d:Q659766|Q659766]]
|-
| [[Ecublens (VD)|Ecublens]] || 3291 || 0 || 249 || 20161107170358 || [[:d:Q69716|Q69716]]
|-
| [[Stabio|Stabio]] || 3990 || 0 || 249 || 20151129022347 || [[:d:Q67760|Q67760]]
|-
| [[Suchy|Suchy]] || 3542 || 0 || 249 || 20151129022715 || [[:d:Q68943|Q68943]]
|-
| [[Corsier-sur-Vevey|Corsier-sur-Vevey]] || 3315 || 0 || 250 || 20130308000842 || [[:d:Q57110|Q57110]]
|-
| [[Sagno|Sagno]] || 3999 || 0 || 250 || 20151129020139 || [[:d:Q378869|Q378869]]
|-
| [[Vouvry|Vouvry]] || 3399 || 0 || 250 || 20151129123326 || [[:d:Q68889|Q68889]]
|-
| [[Gressy|Gressy]] || 3546 || 0 || 250 || 20151128231232 || [[:d:Q678839|Q678839]]
|-
| [[Rovray|Rovray]] || 3565 || 0 || 250 || 20151129015222 || [[:d:Q70685|Q70685]]
|-
| [[Orzens|Orzens]] || 3549 || 0 || 250 || 20151129005725 || [[:d:Q70667|Q70667]]
|-
| [[Bavois|Bavois]] || 3491 || 0 || 250 || 20151128212401 || [[:d:Q43248|Q43248]]
|-
| [[Cronay|Cronay]] || 3557 || 0 || 250 || 20151128221445 || [[:d:Q57122|Q57122]]
|-
| [[Essertines-sur-Yverdon|Essertines-sur-Yverdon]] || 3433 || 0 || 250 || 20151128224826 || [[:d:Q68735|Q68735]]
|-
| [[Novazzano|Novazzano]] || 3986 || 0 || 250 || 20151129004559 || [[:d:Q67743|Q67743]]
|-
| [[Bullet|Bullet]] || 3507 || 0 || 250 || 20151128213840 || [[:d:Q52293|Q52293]]
|-
| [[Mutrux|Mutrux]] || 3529 || 0 || 250 || 20151129004216 || [[:d:Q68925|Q68925]]
|-
| [[Concise|Concise]] || 3528 || 0 || 251 || 20151128221019 || [[:d:Q57096|Q57096]]
|-
| [[La Praz|La Praz]] || 3503 || 0 || 251 || 20151128234021 || [[:d:Q70549|Q70549]]
|-
| [[Prahins|Prahins]] || 3560 || 0 || 251 || 20151129012549 || [[:d:Q678150|Q678150]]
|-
| [[Riddes|Riddes]] || 3693 || 0 || 251 || 20151129015043 || [[:d:Q68504|Q68504]]
|-
| [[Lavertezzo|Lavertezzo]] || 3857 || 0 || 251 || 20151128234507 || [[:d:Q69684|Q69684]]
|-
| [[Vionnaz|Vionnaz]] || 3403 || 0 || 251 || 20151129122337 || [[:d:Q69549|Q69549]]
|-
| [[Premier|Premier]] || 3500 || 0 || 251 || 20151129013247 || [[:d:Q70574|Q70574]]
|-
| [[Le Lieu|Le Lieu]] || 3373 || 0 || 251 || 20151128235036 || [[:d:Q69546|Q69546]]
|-
| [[Balerna|Balerna]] || 3996 || 0 || 251 || 20151128212509 || [[:d:Q70141|Q70141]]
|-
| [[Indemini|Indemini]] || 3896 || 0 || 251 || 20151128232417 || [[:d:Q666139|Q666139]]
|-
| [[Muggio|Muggio]] || 4002 || 0 || 251 || 20151129003851 || [[:d:Q287585|Q287585]]
|-
| [[Saxon|Saxon]] || 3684 || 0 || 251 || 20151129020956 || [[:d:Q69572|Q69572]]
|-
| [[Fully|Fully]] || 3689 || 0 || 251 || 20151128225432 || [[:d:Q70137|Q70137]]
|-
| [[Dully|Dully]] || 3249 || 0 || 252 || 20151128222855 || [[:d:Q68622|Q68622]]
|-
| [[Grandson|Grandson]] || 3523 || 0 || 252 || 20151128231432 || [[:d:Q70199|Q70199]]
|-
| [[L'Abbaye|L'Abbaye]] || 3374 || 0 || 252 || 20151128234347 || [[:d:Q69520|Q69520]]
|-
| [[Villars-le-Comte|Villars-le-Comte]] || 3648 || 0 || 252 || 20161227005346 || [[:d:Q70570|Q70570]]
|-
| [[Bofflens|Bofflens]] || 3495 || 0 || 252 || 20151128212725 || [[:d:Q52267|Q52267]]
|-
| [[Piazzogna|Piazzogna]] || 3891 || 0 || 252 || 20151129012307 || [[:d:Q664152|Q664152]]
|-
| [[Chanéaz|Chanéaz]] || 3561 || 0 || 252 || 20151128215701 || [[:d:Q52696|Q52696]]
|-
| [[Vallorbe|Vallorbe]] || 3439 || 0 || 252 || 20151129121624 || [[:d:Q68587|Q68587]]
|-
| [[Romairon|Romairon]] || 3515 || 0 || 252 || 20151129015357 || [[:d:Q568142|Q568142]]
|-
| [[Démoret|Démoret]] || 3563 || 0 || 252 || 20151128222737 || [[:d:Q68875|Q68875]]
|-
| [[Ursins|Ursins]] || 3550 || 0 || 252 || 20151129120649 || [[:d:Q70046|Q70046]]
|-
| [[Cresciano|Cresciano]] || 4024 || 0 || 252 || 20151128221555 || [[:d:Q67766|Q67766]]
|-
| [[Cabbio|Cabbio]] || 4001 || 0 || 252 || 20151128214447 || [[:d:Q666147|Q666147]]
|-
| [[Provence|Provence]] || 3530 || 0 || 252 || 20151129013806 || [[:d:Q70450|Q70450]]
|-
| [[Champagne|Champagne]] || 3514 || 0 || 253 || 20151128215302 || [[:d:Q52685|Q52685]]
|-
| [[Ligornetto|Ligornetto]] || 3982 || 0 || 253 || 20151128235642 || [[:d:Q70330|Q70330]]
|-
| [[Le Chenit|Le Chenit]] || 3372 || 0 || 253 || 20151128234756 || [[:d:Q52743|Q52743]]
|-
| [[Leytron|Leytron]] || 3694 || 0 || 253 || 20151128235654 || [[:d:Q68849|Q68849]]
|-
| [[Charrat|Charrat]] || 3691 || 0 || 253 || 20151128220008 || [[:d:Q68524|Q68524]]
|-
| [[Coldrerio|Coldrerio]] || 3992 || 0 || 253 || 20151128220751 || [[:d:Q67738|Q67738]]
|-
| [[Donneloye|Donneloye]] || 3558 || 0 || 253 || 20151128222949 || [[:d:Q70584|Q70584]]
|-
| [[Mauborget|Mauborget]] || 3517 || 0 || 253 || 20151129002408 || [[:d:Q70580|Q70580]]
|-
| [[Saillon|Saillon]] || 3692 || 0 || 253 || 20151129020124 || [[:d:Q70710|Q70710]]
|-
| [[Vaugondry|Vaugondry]] || 3519 || 0 || 253 || 20151129121600 || [[:d:Q668799|Q668799]]
|-
| [[Champéry|Champéry]] || 3407 || 0 || 253 || 20151128215728 || [[:d:Q70099|Q70099]]
|-
| [[Medeglia|Medeglia]] || 4013 || 0 || 254 || 20151129002335 || [[:d:Q661569|Q661569]]
|-
| [[Tévenon|Tévenon]] || 13945 || 0 || 254 || 20210404133613 || [[:d:Q70726|Q70726]]
|-
| [[Grandevent|Grandevent]] || 3512 || 0 || 254 || 20151128231449 || [[:d:Q70687|Q70687]]
|-
| [[Bruzella|Bruzella]] || 4000 || 0 || 254 || 20151128213908 || [[:d:Q639028|Q639028]]
|-
| [[Chavornay|Chavornay]] || 3488 || 0 || 255 || 20151128220135 || [[:d:Q52726|Q52726]]
|-
| [[Fontanezier|Fontanezier]] || 3527 || 0 || 255 || 20151128225647 || [[:d:Q671049|Q671049]]
|-
| [[Meiringen|Meiringen]] || 5119 || 0 || 255 || 20130308151747 || [[:d:Q64123|Q64123]]
|-
| [[Bovernier|Bovernier]] || 3687 || 0 || 255 || 20151128213417 || [[:d:Q70145|Q70145]]
|-
| [[Troistorrents|Troistorrents]] || 3402 || 0 || 255 || 20151129115705 || [[:d:Q68823|Q68823]]
|-
| [[Sainte-Croix|Sainte-Croix]] || 3505 || 0 || 256 || 20151129020332 || [[:d:Q70090|Q70090]]
|-
| [[Arzo|Arzo]] || 3988 || 0 || 256 || 20151128211646 || [[:d:Q718800|Q718800]]
|-
| [[L'Abergement|L'Abergement]] || 3448 || 0 || 256 || 20151128234334 || [[:d:Q70597|Q70597]]
|-
| [[Isérables|Isérables]] || 3690 || 0 || 256 || 20151128232233 || [[:d:Q69577|Q69577]]
|-
| [[Val-d'Illiez|Val-d'Illiez]] || 3406 || 0 || 256 || 20151129120924 || [[:d:Q68528|Q68528]]
|-
| [[St. Niklaus|St. Niklaus]] || 3792 || 0 || 256 || 20130308130128 || [[:d:Q68464|Q68464]]
|-
| [[Porrentruy|Porrentruy]] || 4620 || 0 || 256 || 20250314033941 || [[:d:Q68256|Q68256]]
|-
| [[Les Clées|Les Clées]] || 5280 || 0 || 256 || 20151128235144 || [[:d:Q57090|Q57090]]
|-
| [[Osco|Osco]] || 3832 || 0 || 256 || 20240815133616 || [[:d:Q660119|Q660119]]
|-
| [[Genestrerio|Genestrerio]] || 3991 || 0 || 257 || 20151128230504 || [[:d:Q622853|Q622853]]
|-
| [[Alle|Alle]] || 5534 || 0 || 257 || 20260326075104 || [[:d:Q25333|Q25333]]
|-
| [[Essert-Pittet|Essert-Pittet]] || 3543 || 0 || 257 || 20151128224909 || [[:d:Q68715|Q68715]]
|-
| [[Bioley-Magnoux|Bioley-Magnoux]] || 3559 || 0 || 258 || 20151128213111 || [[:d:Q52263|Q52263]]
|-
| [[Meride|Meride]] || 3985 || 0 || 258 || 20151129002809 || [[:d:Q68829|Q68829]]
|-
| [[Saint-Légier-La Chiésaz|Saint-Légier-La Chiésaz]] || 3317 || 0 || 258 || 20130308000903 || [[:d:Q68432|Q68432]]
|-
| [[Arnex-sur-Orbe|Arnex-sur-Orbe]] || 3498 || 0 || 258 || 20151128211612 || [[:d:Q43212|Q43212]]
|-
| [[Fahy|Fahy]] || 5559 || 0 || 258 || 20151128225252 || [[:d:Q67959|Q67959]]
|-
| [[Vico Morcote|Vico Morcote]] || 3940 || 0 || 259 || 20130308133750 || [[:d:Q70118|Q70118]]
|-
| [[Villars-Burquin|Villars-Burquin]] || 3518 || 0 || 259 || 20151129122225 || [[:d:Q176549|Q176549]]
|-
| [[Mex (VS)|Mex]] || 3673 || 0 || 259 || 20151129002756 || [[:d:Q68933|Q68933]]
|-
| [[Rancate|Rancate]] || 3984 || 0 || 259 || 20151129014747 || [[:d:Q661294|Q661294]]
|-
| [[Saint-Martin (VS)|Saint-Martin]] || 3718 || 0 || 259 || 20161227010859 || [[:d:Q70395|Q70395]]
|-
| [[Tremona|Tremona]] || 3987 || 0 || 260 || 20151129115525 || [[:d:Q668163|Q668163]]
|-
| [[Trey|Trey]] || 3601 || 0 || 260 || 20220721183221 || [[:d:Q68879|Q68879]]
|-
| [[Därligen|Därligen]] || 4706 || 0 || 260 || 20151128222832 || [[:d:Q65065|Q65065]]
|-
| [[Villars-Sainte-Croix|Villars-Sainte-Croix]] || 3271 || 0 || 260 || 20151129121958 || [[:d:Q68883|Q68883]]
|-
| [[Martigny-Combe|Martigny-Combe]] || 3686 || 0 || 260 || 20151129002111 || [[:d:Q68871|Q68871]]
|-
| [[Cheseaux-Noréaz|Cheseaux-Noréaz]] || 3553 || 0 || 260 || 20151128220632 || [[:d:Q52752|Q52752]]
|-
| [[Les Genevez|Les Genevez]] || 5620 || 0 || 261 || 20151128235328 || [[:d:Q69976|Q69976]]
|-
| [[Jongny|Jongny]] || 3313 || 0 || 261 || 20151128232518 || [[:d:Q69583|Q69583]]
|-
| [[Anzonico|Anzonico]] || 3840 || 0 || 261 || 20240815132129 || [[:d:Q431011|Q431011]]
|-
| [[Iseltwald|Iseltwald]] || 4687 || 0 || 261 || 20151128232327 || [[:d:Q64760|Q64760]]
|-
| [[Niederried bei Interlaken|Niederried bei Interlaken]] || 4697 || 0 || 261 || 20130310040604 || [[:d:Q66134|Q66134]]
|-
| [[Claro|Claro]] || 4025 || 0 || 262 || 20161227004746 || [[:d:Q68003|Q68003]]
|-
| [[Romainmôtier-Envy|Romainmôtier-Envy]] || 3502 || 0 || 262 || 20151129015409 || [[:d:Q70671|Q70671]]
|-
| [[Gsteigwiler|Gsteigwiler]] || 4717 || 0 || 262 || 20151128231602 || [[:d:Q65738|Q65738]]
|-
| [[Faoug|Faoug]] || 3616 || 0 || 262 || 20151128225215 || [[:d:Q70559|Q70559]]
|-
| [[Salvan|Salvan]] || 3683 || 0 || 262 || 20151129020744 || [[:d:Q68912|Q68912]]
|-
| [[Finhaut|Finhaut]] || 3678 || 0 || 263 || 20151128225722 || [[:d:Q68877|Q68877]]
|-
| [[Dizy|Dizy]] || 3361 || 0 || 263 || 20151128222252 || [[:d:Q68902|Q68902]]
|-
| [[Chavannes-le-Chêne|Chavannes-le-Chêne]] || 3583 || 0 || 263 || 20151128220240 || [[:d:Q52704|Q52704]]
|-
| [[Corseaux|Corseaux]] || 3314 || 0 || 263 || 20151128221225 || [[:d:Q57108|Q57108]]
|-
| [[Dorénaz|Dorénaz]] || 3681 || 0 || 264 || 20151128222928 || [[:d:Q68487|Q68487]]
|-
| [[Gland|Gland]] || 3242 || 0 || 264 || 20130307233404 || [[:d:Q69300|Q69300]]
|-
| [[Villars-Mendraz|Villars-Mendraz]] || 3669 || 0 || 264 || 20151129122009 || [[:d:Q678869|Q678869]]
|-
| [[Evionnaz|Evionnaz]] || 3680 || 0 || 264 || 20151128224743 || [[:d:Q70163|Q70163]]
|-
| [[Valeyres-sous-Ursins|Valeyres-sous-Ursins]] || 3547 || 0 || 264 || 20151129120835 || [[:d:Q68680|Q68680]]
|-
| [[Sarzens|Sarzens]] || 3657 || 0 || 264 || 20151129020728 || [[:d:Q68677|Q68677]]
|-
| [[Brenles|Brenles]] || 3658 || 0 || 264 || 20151128214104 || [[:d:Q52284|Q52284]]
|-
| [[Vernayaz|Vernayaz]] || 3682 || 0 || 264 || 20151129121648 || [[:d:Q68713|Q68713]]
|-
| [[Cavagnago|Cavagnago]] || 3839 || 0 || 264 || 20240815132550 || [[:d:Q59097|Q59097]]
|-
| [[Saxeten|Saxeten]] || 4688 || 0 || 265 || 20151129021017 || [[:d:Q66009|Q66009]]
|-
| [[Massongex|Massongex]] || 3671 || 0 || 265 || 20151129002533 || [[:d:Q70184|Q70184]]
|-
| [[Carrouge|Carrouge]] || 3623 || 0 || 265 || 20151128215129 || [[:d:Q52671|Q52671]]
|-
| [[Lovatens|Lovatens]] || 3655 || 0 || 265 || 20151129000027 || [[:d:Q68754|Q68754]]
|-
| [[Lugnez|Lugnez]] || 5563 || 0 || 265 || 20211231024218 || [[:d:Q67972|Q67972]]
|-
| [[Essertes|Essertes]] || 3627 || 0 || 265 || 20151128224857 || [[:d:Q68867|Q68867]]
|-
| [[Villarzel|Villarzel]] || 3596 || 0 || 265 || 20151129122446 || [[:d:Q70591|Q70591]]
|-
| [[Vérossaz|Vérossaz]] || 3676 || 0 || 265 || 20151129123454 || [[:d:Q68936|Q68936]]
|-
| [[Curtilles|Curtilles]] || 3653 || 0 || 266 || 20151128221758 || [[:d:Q68733|Q68733]]
|-
| [[Rossenges|Rossenges]] || 3642 || 0 || 266 || 20151129015256 || [[:d:Q68831|Q68831]]
|-
| [[Les Pommerats|Les Pommerats]] || 5619 || 0 || 266 || 20151128235304 || [[:d:Q690131|Q690131]]
|-
| [[Lauterbrunnen|Lauterbrunnen]] || 4696 || 0 || 267 || 20130309102007 || [[:d:Q64011|Q64011]]
|-
| [[Leissigen|Leissigen]] || 4723 || 0 || 267 || 20151128235225 || [[:d:Q65300|Q65300]]
|-
| [[Hermenches|Hermenches]] || 3641 || 0 || 267 || 20151128231739 || [[:d:Q68852|Q68852]]
|-
| [[Rolle|Rolle]] || 3256 || 0 || 267 || 20151129015122 || [[:d:Q69570|Q69570]]
|-
| [[Wilderswil|Wilderswil]] || 4721 || 0 || 267 || 20151129123720 || [[:d:Q69256|Q69256]]
|-
| [[Fehren|Fehren]] || 6010 || 0 || 268 || 20130308173939 || [[:d:Q66765|Q66765]]
|-
| [[Prévonloup|Prévonloup]] || 3654 || 0 || 268 || 20151129013709 || [[:d:Q70563|Q70563]]
|-
| [[Champtauroz|Champtauroz]] || 3586 || 0 || 268 || 20151128215755 || [[:d:Q52690|Q52690]]
|-
| [[Ringgenberg|Ringgenberg]] || 4704 || 0 || 268 || 20151129015010 || [[:d:Q66582|Q66582]]
|-
| [[Rocourt|Rocourt]] || 5572 || 0 || 269 || 20151129014832 || [[:d:Q67978|Q67978]]
|-
| [[Boncourt|Boncourt]] || 5537 || 0 || 269 || 20151128212650 || [[:d:Q66980|Q66980]]
|-
| [[Lütschental|Lütschental]] || 4718 || 0 || 270 || 20151129000201 || [[:d:Q66017|Q66017]]
|-
| [[Senarclens|Senarclens]] || 3352 || 0 || 270 || 20151129021254 || [[:d:Q70533|Q70533]]
|-
| [[Zullwil|Zullwil]] || 6016 || 0 || 270 || 20130308174544 || [[:d:Q66345|Q66345]]
|-
| [[Develier|Develier]] || 5589 || 0 || 271 || 20151128222327 || [[:d:Q68520|Q68520]]
|-
| [[Buchholterberg|Buchholterberg]] || 5333 || 0 || 271 || 20130310042159 || [[:d:Q65495|Q65495]]
|-
| [[Niederstocken|Niederstocken]] || 5343 || 0 || 271 || 20151129004326 || [[:d:Q65727|Q65727]]
|-
| [[Homberg|Homberg]] || 4732 || 0 || 272 || 20130310041205 || [[:d:Q69090|Q69090]]
|-
| [[Porza|Porza]] || 3962 || 0 || 272 || 20151129012628 || [[:d:Q68808|Q68808]]
|-
| [[La Neuveville|La Neuveville]] || 5125 || 0 || 272 || 20151128234105 || [[:d:Q69476|Q69476]]
|-
| [[Glovelier|Glovelier]] || 5591 || 0 || 273 || 20151128230727 || [[:d:Q68494|Q68494]]
|-
| [[Heiligenschwendi|Heiligenschwendi]] || 5342 || 0 || 273 || 20130310042639 || [[:d:Q65485|Q65485]]
|-
| [[Bussy-sur-Moudon|Bussy-sur-Moudon]] || 3644 || 0 || 273 || 20151128213732 || [[:d:Q52304|Q52304]]
|-
| [[Horrenbach-Buchen|Horrenbach-Buchen]] || 4740 || 0 || 274 || 20130310041531 || [[:d:Q65500|Q65500]]
|-
| [[Köniz|Köniz]] || 2553 || 0 || 274 || 20151128232828 || [[:d:Q64058|Q64058]]
|-
| [[Corcelles-le-Jorat|Corcelles-le-Jorat]] || 3618 || 0 || 275 || 20151128221333 || [[:d:Q57101|Q57101]]
|-
| [[Croglio|Croglio]] || 3915 || 0 || 275 || 20151128221500 || [[:d:Q70212|Q70212]]
|-
| [[Cureglia|Cureglia]] || 3963 || 0 || 276 || 20151128221831 || [[:d:Q70148|Q70148]]
|-
| [[Certara|Certara]] || 3975 || 0 || 276 || 20151128215354 || [[:d:Q68776|Q68776]]
|-
| [[Grancia|Grancia]] || 3937 || 0 || 276 || 20151128231024 || [[:d:Q67969|Q67969]]
|-
| [[Melano|Melano]] || 3943 || 0 || 276 || 20151129002316 || [[:d:Q70122|Q70122]]
|-
| [[Cimadera|Cimadera]] || 3974 || 0 || 276 || 20151128220849 || [[:d:Q68007|Q68007]]
|-
| [[Ederswiler|Ederswiler]] || 5590 || 0 || 276 || 20151128224150 || [[:d:Q69924|Q69924]]
|-
| [[Cademario|Cademario]] || 3917 || 0 || 276 || 20151128214434 || [[:d:Q68806|Q68806]]
|-
| [[Oberried am Brienzersee|Oberried am Brienzersee]] || 4722 || 0 || 277 || 20130310041116 || [[:d:Q66000|Q66000]]
|-
| [[Tegna|Tegna]] || 3883 || 0 || 277 || 20151129115417 || [[:d:Q67962|Q67962]]
|-
| [[Magadino|Magadino]] || 3889 || 0 || 277 || 20240815154821 || [[:d:Q661679|Q661679]]
|-
| [[Monteggio|Monteggio]] || 3913 || 0 || 277 || 20151129003653 || [[:d:Q67679|Q67679]]
|-
| [[Novaggio|Novaggio]] || 3909 || 0 || 278 || 20151129004632 || [[:d:Q67878|Q67878]]
|-
| [[Bassecourt|Bassecourt]] || 5579 || 0 || 278 || 20151128212415 || [[:d:Q66705|Q66705]]
|-
| [[Curio|Curio]] || 3924 || 0 || 278 || 20151128221817 || [[:d:Q70747|Q70747]]
|-
| [[Gravesano|Gravesano]] || 3903 || 0 || 278 || 20151128231309 || [[:d:Q69385|Q69385]]
|-
| [[Miglieglia|Miglieglia]] || 3910 || 0 || 278 || 20151129002708 || [[:d:Q70129|Q70129]]
|-
| [[Cadempino|Cadempino]] || 3931 || 0 || 278 || 20151128214419 || [[:d:Q67975|Q67975]]
|-
| [[Comano|Comano]] || 3964 || 0 || 278 || 20130311103109 || [[:d:Q70133|Q70133]]
|-
| [[Maroggia|Maroggia]] || 3942 || 0 || 278 || 20151129002155 || [[:d:Q70135|Q70135]]
|-
| [[Canobbio|Canobbio]] || 3965 || 0 || 278 || 20151128214228 || [[:d:Q68434|Q68434]]
|-
| [[Sonvico|Sonvico]] || 3976 || 0 || 279 || 20151129022156 || [[:d:Q67484|Q67484]]
|-
| [[Neggio|Neggio]] || 3918 || 0 || 279 || 20151129004436 || [[:d:Q70038|Q70038]]
|-
| [[Sonogno|Sonogno]] || 3855 || 0 || 280 || 20151129022208 || [[:d:Q70699|Q70699]]
|-
| [[Mairengo|Mairengo]] || 3836 || 0 || 280 || 20240815133912 || [[:d:Q660202|Q660202]]
|-
| [[Missy|Missy]] || 3605 || 0 || 280 || 20220721183707 || [[:d:Q70679|Q70679]]
|-
| [[Campello|Campello]] || 3837 || 0 || 280 || 20240815132430 || [[:d:Q660108|Q660108]]
|-
| [[Bretigny-sur-Morrens|Bretigny-sur-Morrens]] || 3394 || 0 || 280 || 20151128214035 || [[:d:Q52287|Q52287]]
|-
| [[Vernate|Vernate]] || 3929 || 0 || 281 || 20130308133525 || [[:d:Q68825|Q68825]]
|-
| [[Magliaso|Magliaso]] || 3920 || 0 || 281 || 20151129001409 || [[:d:Q70159|Q70159]]
|-
| [[Beurnevésin|Beurnevésin]] || 5536 || 0 || 281 || 20151128212119 || [[:d:Q67869|Q67869]]
|-
| [[Brienzwiler|Brienzwiler]] || 4703 || 0 || 281 || 20151128214007 || [[:d:Q65211|Q65211]]
|-
| [[Chancy|Chancy]] || 3202 || 0 || 281 || 20161227003414 || [[:d:Q69811|Q69811]]
|-
| [[Calpiogna|Calpiogna]] || 3834 || 0 || 281 || 20240815132705 || [[:d:Q660790|Q660790]]
|-
| [[Chironico|Chironico]] || 3833 || 0 || 281 || 20240815134159 || [[:d:Q660880|Q660880]]
|-
| [[Vuiteboeuf|Vuiteboeuf]] || 3454 || 0 || 282 || 20220219034950 || [[:d:Q70498|Q70498]]
|-
| [[Vogorno|Vogorno]] || 3859 || 0 || 282 || 20151129123337 || [[:d:Q869523|Q869523]]
|-
| [[Blatten|Blatten]] || 3773 || 0 || 282 || 20151128212824 || [[:d:Q67496|Q67496]]
|-
| [[Echichens|Echichens]] || 3286 || 0 || 282 || 20151128224320 || [[:d:Q68742|Q68742]]
|-
| [[Courtételle|Courtételle]] || 5588 || 0 || 282 || 20151128221626 || [[:d:Q67463|Q67463]]
|-
| [[Tenero-Contra|Tenero-Contra]] || 3865 || 0 || 283 || 20240815130910 || [[:d:Q67745|Q67745]]
|-
| [[Saint-George|Saint-George]] || 3328 || 0 || 283 || 20151129015800 || [[:d:Q68634|Q68634]]
|-
| [[Bure|Bure]] || 5541 || 0 || 283 || 20221205180737 || [[:d:Q68445|Q68445]]
|-
| [[Eriz|Eriz]] || 5334 || 0 || 283 || 20151128224939 || [[:d:Q64997|Q64997]]
|-
| [[Erschwil|Erschwil]] || 6009 || 0 || 284 || 20130308173928 || [[:d:Q66775|Q66775]]
|-
| [[Villa Luganese|Villa Luganese]] || 3978 || 0 || 284 || 20130310072200 || [[:d:Q668768|Q668768]]
|-
| [[Onsernone|Onsernone]] || 3880 || 0 || 284 || 20151129005357 || [[:d:Q67664|Q67664]]
|-
| [[Vergeletto|Vergeletto]] || 3887 || 0 || 284 || 20151129121728 || [[:d:Q67867|Q67867]]
|-
| [[Fahrni|Fahrni]] || 5335 || 0 || 285 || 20151128225303 || [[:d:Q65487|Q65487]]
|-
| [[Höfen bei Thun|Höfen bei Thun]] || 5340 || 0 || 285 || 20151128232015 || [[:d:Q66129|Q66129]]
|-
| [[Pohlern|Pohlern]] || 4731 || 0 || 286 || 20151129012133 || [[:d:Q65748|Q65748]]
|-
| [[Uebeschi|Uebeschi]] || 4729 || 0 || 287 || 20151129120609 || [[:d:Q65249|Q65249]]
|-
| [[Giez|Giez]] || 3509 || 0 || 287 || 20151128230626 || [[:d:Q70661|Q70661]]
|-
| [[Hasliberg|Hasliberg]] || 5117 || 0 || 287 || 20130310041056 || [[:d:Q69424|Q69424]]
|-
| [[Les Breuleux|Les Breuleux]] || 5622 || 0 || 287 || 20130308160549 || [[:d:Q68086|Q68086]]
|-
| [[Molondin|Molondin]] || 3564 || 0 || 288 || 20151129003122 || [[:d:Q70568|Q70568]]
|-
| [[Prilly|Prilly]] || 3295 || 0 || 288 || 20151129013219 || [[:d:Q69757|Q69757]]
|-
| [[Uetendorf|Uetendorf]] || 4735 || 0 || 288 || 20151129120556 || [[:d:Q66114|Q66114]]
|-
| [[Soulce|Soulce]] || 5600 || 0 || 289 || 20130308160257 || [[:d:Q70399|Q70399]]
|-
| [[Forel (VD)|Forel]] || 3309 || 0 || 289 || 20151128225622 || [[:d:Q70565|Q70565]]
|-
| [[Amsoldingen|Amsoldingen]] || 5337 || 0 || 290 || 20151128211400 || [[:d:Q64776|Q64776]]
|-
| [[Thierachern|Thierachern]] || 4739 || 0 || 290 || 20151129115614 || [[:d:Q66040|Q66040]]
|-
| [[Teuffenthal|Teuffenthal]] || 4728 || 0 || 290 || 20151129115305 || [[:d:Q65554|Q65554]]
|-
| [[Wachseldorn|Wachseldorn]] || 4734 || 0 || 290 || 20151129123731 || [[:d:Q65734|Q65734]]
|-
| [[Innertkirchen|Innertkirchen]] || 5115 || 0 || 291 || 20130310041226 || [[:d:Q69231|Q69231]]
|-
| [[Schwendibach|Schwendibach]] || 4725 || 0 || 291 || 20151129020929 || [[:d:Q65724|Q65724]]
|-
| [[Dompierre (VD)|Dompierre]] || 3656 || 0 || 292 || 20151128223042 || [[:d:Q68896|Q68896]]
|-
| [[Oberlangenegg|Oberlangenegg]] || 4724 || 0 || 292 || 20151129005544 || [[:d:Q65481|Q65481]]
|-
| [[Penthalaz|Penthalaz]] || 3360 || 0 || 292 || 20220710115311 || [[:d:Q70659|Q70659]]
|-
| [[Goumois|Goumois]] || 5611 || 0 || 292 || 20151128231035 || [[:d:Q690120|Q690120]]
|-
| [[Pleigne|Pleigne]] || 5596 || 0 || 293 || 20240524192616 || [[:d:Q68515|Q68515]]
|-
| [[Unterlangenegg|Unterlangenegg]] || 4738 || 0 || 293 || 20151129120717 || [[:d:Q68170|Q68170]]
|-
| [[Assens|Assens]] || 3417 || 0 || 293 || 20151128211703 || [[:d:Q43225|Q43225]]
|-
| [[Onnens|Onnens]] || 3526 || 0 || 294 || 20220710124015 || [[:d:Q70588|Q70588]]
|-
| [[Courrendlin|Courrendlin]] || 5586 || 0 || 296 || 20130308160023 || [[:d:Q69|Q69]]
|-
| [[Heimberg|Heimberg]] || 5338 || 0 || 296 || 20151128231856 || [[:d:Q65206|Q65206]]
|-
| [[Diesse|Diesse]] || 5123 || 0 || 297 || 20151128222315 || [[:d:Q66837|Q66837]]
|-
| [[Forst-Längenbühl|Forst-Längenbühl]] || 4737 || 0 || 297 || 20151128225552 || [[:d:Q67775|Q67775]]
|-
| [[Juriens|Juriens]] || 3501 || 0 || 297 || 20220710122744 || [[:d:Q70490|Q70490]]
|-
| [[Vaulion|Vaulion]] || 3440 || 0 || 297 || 20220710125009 || [[:d:Q70665|Q70665]]
|-
| [[Sessa|Sessa]] || 3912 || 0 || 297 || 20151129021202 || [[:d:Q68787|Q68787]]
|-
| [[Châtillon (JU)|Châtillon]] || 5582 || 0 || 297 || 20241107202037 || [[:d:Q68803|Q68803]]
|-
| [[Saas-Balen|Saas-Balen]] || 3784 || 0 || 299 || 20160211132006 || [[:d:Q70304|Q70304]]
|-
| [[Fontenais|Fontenais]] || 5560 || 0 || 299 || 20220120075632 || [[:d:Q68780|Q68780]]
|-
| [[Damphreux|Damphreux]] || 5550 || 0 || 300 || 20250201185239 || [[:d:Q67880|Q67880]]
|-
| [[Novalles|Novalles]] || 3508 || 0 || 300 || 20220710123712 || [[:d:Q70649|Q70649]]
|-
| [[Manno|Manno]] || 3906 || 0 || 300 || 20151129001257 || [[:d:Q67876|Q67876]]
|-
| [[Courgenay|Courgenay]] || 5547 || 0 || 300 || 20221210015130 || [[:d:Q67414|Q67414]]
|-
| [[Begnins|Begnins]] || 3245 || 0 || 301 || 20151128212332 || [[:d:Q43251|Q43251]]
|-
| [[Pura|Pura]] || 3923 || 0 || 301 || 20151129013343 || [[:d:Q68195|Q68195]]
|-
| [[Cornol|Cornol]] || 5545 || 0 || 301 || 20221215173553 || [[:d:Q68819|Q68819]]
|-
| [[Holderbank (SO)|Holderbank]] || 6035 || 0 || 301 || 20130308175144 || [[:d:Q65856|Q65856]]
|-
| [[Echallens|Echallens]] || 3412 || 0 || 302 || 20220710115611 || [[:d:Q70714|Q70714]]
|-
| [[Soyhières|Soyhières]] || 5601 || 0 || 303 || 20130308160307 || [[:d:Q70414|Q70414]]
|-
| [[Penthaz|Penthaz]] || 3370 || 0 || 304 || 20220710115348 || [[:d:Q70653|Q70653]]
|-
| [[Verscio|Verscio]] || 3882 || 0 || 304 || 20130308132520 || [[:d:Q67662|Q67662]]
|-
| [[Courtedoux|Courtedoux]] || 5548 || 0 || 304 || 20130308155503 || [[:d:Q69855|Q69855]]
|-
| [[Mettembert|Mettembert]] || 5593 || 0 || 304 || 20130308160140 || [[:d:Q68017|Q68017]]
|-
| [[Lamboing|Lamboing]] || 5124 || 0 || 305 || 20151128234604 || [[:d:Q66844|Q66844]]
|-
| [[Courfaivre|Courfaivre]] || 5585 || 0 || 305 || 20130308160012 || [[:d:Q69921|Q69921]]
|-
| [[Bourrignon|Bourrignon]] || 5581 || 0 || 306 || 20210505121809 || [[:d:Q70063|Q70063]]
|-
| [[Ependes (VD)|Ependes]] || 3544 || 0 || 306 || 20151128224441 || [[:d:Q69403|Q69403]]
|-
| [[Montfavergier|Montfavergier]] || 5618 || 0 || 306 || 20151129003627 || [[:d:Q689869|Q689869]]
|-
| [[Grandfontaine|Grandfontaine]] || 5562 || 0 || 309 || 20230414221523 || [[:d:Q67982|Q67982]]
|-
| [[Rossemaison|Rossemaison]] || 5598 || 0 || 309 || 20221205200957 || [[:d:Q68517|Q68517]]
|-
| [[Guttannen|Guttannen]] || 5118 || 0 || 309 || 20151128231534 || [[:d:Q69419|Q69419]]
|-
| [[Bonfol|Bonfol]] || 5538 || 0 || 310 || 20221126163528 || [[:d:Q67993|Q67993]]
|-
| [[Wolfwil|Wolfwil]] || 6021 || 0 || 310 || 20130308174711 || [[:d:Q66066|Q66066]]
|-
| [[Bournens|Bournens]] || 3367 || 0 || 311 || 20220710115658 || [[:d:Q52276|Q52276]]
|-
| [[Saint-Maurice|Saint-Maurice]] || 3672 || 0 || 312 || 20161227010849 || [[:d:Q69545|Q69545]]
|-
| [[Iragna|Iragna]] || 4021 || 0 || 312 || 20151128232340 || [[:d:Q67728|Q67728]]
|-
| [[Hofstetten bei Brienz|Hofstetten bei Brienz]] || 4694 || 0 || 317 || 20250615154832 || [[:d:Q65200|Q65200]]
|-
| [[Savosa|Savosa]] || 3960 || 0 || 318 || 20151129021030 || [[:d:Q67668|Q67668]]
|-
| [[Boussens|Boussens]] || 3368 || 0 || 321 || 20220710115515 || [[:d:Q52278|Q52278]]
|-
| [[Massagno|Massagno]] || 3947 || 0 || 322 || 20151129002024 || [[:d:Q67055|Q67055]]
|-
| [[Baulmes|Baulmes]] || 3453 || 0 || 322 || 20140609192042 || [[:d:Q43245|Q43245]]
|-
| [[Bretonnières|Bretonnières]] || 3499 || 0 || 322 || 20220710114202 || [[:d:Q52289|Q52289]]
|-
| [[Besazio|Besazio]] || 3989 || 0 || 324 || 20130308134434 || [[:d:Q68801|Q68801]]
|-
| [[Mümliswil-Ramiswil|Mümliswil-Ramiswil]] || 6041 || 0 || 325 || 20130308175500 || [[:d:Q65071|Q65071]]
|-
| [[Dalpe|Dalpe]] || 3831 || 0 || 325 || 20161227004710 || [[:d:Q67756|Q67756]]
|-
| [[Bressaucourt|Bressaucourt]] || 5539 || 0 || 326 || 20151128214049 || [[:d:Q69882|Q69882]]
|-
| [[La Rogivue|La Rogivue]] || 5390 || 0 || 326 || 20130308154302 || [[:d:Q692947|Q692947]]
|-
| [[Mervelier|Mervelier]] || 5592 || 0 || 327 || 20130308160128 || [[:d:Q68509|Q68509]]
|-
| [[Lignerolle|Lignerolle]] || 3447 || 0 || 329 || 20250726201433 || [[:d:Q70503|Q70503]]
|-
| [[Schattenhalb|Schattenhalb]] || 5116 || 0 || 329 || 20130310040932 || [[:d:Q65490|Q65490]]
|-
| [[Chardonne|Chardonne]] || 3312 || 0 || 330 || 20151128215621 || [[:d:Q52698|Q52698]]
|-
| [[Gänsbrunnen|Gänsbrunnen]] || 6039 || 0 || 332 || 20130308175317 || [[:d:Q66349|Q66349]]
|-
| [[Oberbuchsiten|Oberbuchsiten]] || 6027 || 0 || 332 || 20130308174937 || [[:d:Q67008|Q67008]]
|-
| [[Mergoscia|Mergoscia]] || 3863 || 0 || 332 || 20151129002827 || [[:d:Q68772|Q68772]]
|-
| [[Soubey|Soubey]] || 5614 || 0 || 333 || 20151129021854 || [[:d:Q67480|Q67480]]
|-
| [[Oulens-sous-Echallens|Oulens-sous-Echallens]] || 3414 || 0 || 334 || 20220710115547 || [[:d:Q70651|Q70651]]
|-
| [[Chêne-Pâquier|Chêne-Pâquier]] || 3584 || 0 || 335 || 20151128220903 || [[:d:Q52737|Q52737]]
|-
| [[Montfaucon (JU)|Montfaucon]] || 5613 || 0 || 337 || 20190620180056 || [[:d:Q68081|Q68081]]
|-
| [[Les Bois|Les Bois]] || 5623 || 0 || 338 || 20241205033147 || [[:d:Q70232|Q70232]]
|-
| [[Vuarrens|Vuarrens]] || 3423 || 0 || 341 || 20151129123252 || [[:d:Q68910|Q68910]]
|-
| [[Corcelles-sur-Chavornay|Corcelles-sur-Chavornay]] || 3489 || 0 || 341 || 20220710122235 || [[:d:Q57105|Q57105]]
|-
| [[Balsthal|Balsthal]] || 6034 || 0 || 341 || 20130308175133 || [[:d:Q65455|Q65455]]
|-
| [[Herbetswil|Herbetswil]] || 6038 || 0 || 341 || 20130308175306 || [[:d:Q66089|Q66089]]
|-
| [[Pomy|Pomy]] || 3551 || 0 || 342 || 20151129012713 || [[:d:Q70600|Q70600]]
|-
| [[Rances|Rances]] || 3452 || 0 || 343 || 20151129014731 || [[:d:Q70505|Q70505]]
|-
| [[Cuarny|Cuarny]] || 3555 || 0 || 343 || 20151128221958 || [[:d:Q68834|Q68834]]
|-
| [[Versoix|Versoix]] || 3216 || 0 || 343 || 20161227003602 || [[:d:Q63979|Q63979]]
|-
| [[Zwieselberg|Zwieselberg]] || 4727 || 0 || 344 || 20210330165750 || [[:d:Q65179|Q65179]]
|-
| [[Mathod|Mathod]] || 3534 || 0 || 344 || 20151129002443 || [[:d:Q68752|Q68752]]
|-
| [[Orges|Orges]] || 3532 || 0 || 344 || 20151129005848 || [[:d:Q70561|Q70561]]
|-
| [[Courchavon|Courchavon]] || 5546 || 0 || 344 || 20230414222218 || [[:d:Q69935|Q69935]]
|-
| [[Sergey|Sergey]] || 3451 || 0 || 345 || 20151129021229 || [[:d:Q70555|Q70555]]
|-
| [[Yvonand|Yvonand]] || 3554 || 0 || 345 || 20151129124125 || [[:d:Q68492|Q68492]]
|-
| [[Morbio Inferiore|Morbio Inferiore]] || 3995 || 0 || 345 || 20130518180942 || [[:d:Q70143|Q70143]]
|-
| [[Pailly|Pailly]] || 3426 || 0 || 346 || 20151129012052 || [[:d:Q68840|Q68840]]
|-
| [[Habkern|Habkern]] || 4699 || 0 || 346 || 20130310040700 || [[:d:Q64779|Q64779]]
|-
| [[Saint-Brais|Saint-Brais]] || 5616 || 0 || 346 || 20130308160433 || [[:d:Q68513|Q68513]]
|-
| [[Origlio|Origlio]] || 3967 || 0 || 346 || 20250126215206 || [[:d:Q70334|Q70334]]
|-
| [[Chevroux|Chevroux]] || 3604 || 0 || 346 || 20220721175607 || [[:d:Q52803|Q52803]]
|-
| [[Chamblon|Chamblon]] || 3541 || 0 || 347 || 20151128215329 || [[:d:Q52678|Q52678]]
|-
| [[Aquila (TI)|Aquila]] || 6148 || 0 || 347 || 20161227005130 || [[:d:Q623277|Q623277]]
|-
| [[Morrens|Morrens]] || 3393 || 0 || 348 || 20151129003933 || [[:d:Q68940|Q68940]]
|-
| [[Lavey-les-Bains|Lavey-les-Bains]] || 7429 || 0 || 348 || 20151128234919 || [[:d:Q2360307|Q2360307]]
|-
| [[Vufflens-la-Ville|Vufflens-la-Ville]] || 3350 || 0 || 348 || 20151129123157 || [[:d:Q70540|Q70540]]
|-
| [[Charmoille|Charmoille]] || 5542 || 0 || 349 || 20151128215554 || [[:d:Q668749|Q668749]]
|-
| [[Champvent|Champvent]] || 3533 || 0 || 349 || 20151128215742 || [[:d:Q52694|Q52694]]
|-
| [[Penthéréaz|Penthéréaz]] || 3422 || 0 || 349 || 20151129011807 || [[:d:Q70645|Q70645]]
|-
| [[Suscévaz|Suscévaz]] || 3538 || 0 || 349 || 20151129022555 || [[:d:Q70017|Q70017]]
|-
| [[Essert-sous-Champvent|Essert-sous-Champvent]] || 3536 || 0 || 351 || 20140608163824 || [[:d:Q678882|Q678882]]
|-
| [[Valeyres-sous-Montagny|Valeyres-sous-Montagny]] || 3535 || 0 || 352 || 20140529205249 || [[:d:Q70582|Q70582]]
|-
| [[Montagny-près-Yverdon|Montagny-près-Yverdon]] || 3540 || 0 || 353 || 20140519204358 || [[:d:Q68669|Q68669]]
|-
| [[Neuendorf|Neuendorf]] || 6023 || 0 || 353 || 20130308174807 || [[:d:Q66772|Q66772]]
|-
| [[Rueyres|Rueyres]] || 3427 || 0 || 353 || 20151129015209 || [[:d:Q70641|Q70641]]
|-
| [[Montcherand|Montcherand]] || 3487 || 0 || 353 || 20151129003710 || [[:d:Q68653|Q68653]]
|-
| [[Villars-sous-Champvent|Villars-sous-Champvent]] || 3537 || 0 || 354 || 20140608150844 || [[:d:Q678855|Q678855]]
|-
| [[Poliez-Pittet|Poliez-Pittet]] || 3408 || 0 || 354 || 20151129012500 || [[:d:Q70578|Q70578]]
|-
| [[Vugelles-La Mothe|Vugelles-La Mothe]] || 3531 || 0 || 356 || 20151129123615 || [[:d:Q70627|Q70627]]
|-
| [[Bönigen|Bönigen]] || 4720 || 0 || 357 || 20130310040958 || [[:d:Q65502|Q65502]]
|-
| [[Treycovagnes|Treycovagnes]] || 3539 || 0 || 357 || 20151129115505 || [[:d:Q68718|Q68718]]
|-
| [[Vicques|Vicques]] || 5605 || 0 || 360 || 20130308160243 || [[:d:Q54450|Q54450]]
|-
| [[Villars-Epeney|Villars-Epeney]] || 3556 || 0 || 364 || 20170608145611 || [[:d:Q68745|Q68745]]
|-
| [[La Chaux-des-Breuleux|La Chaux-des-Breuleux]] || 5617 || 0 || 365 || 20130308160444 || [[:d:Q70409|Q70409]]
|-
| [[La Baroche|La Baroche]] || 7813 || 0 || 365 || 20151128234213 || [[:d:Q70511|Q70511]]
|-
| [[Orselina|Orselina]] || 3868 || 0 || 373 || 20151129005737 || [[:d:Q68813|Q68813]]
|-
| [[Torricella-Taverne|Torricella-Taverne]] || 3902 || 0 || 373 || 20130311103312 || [[:d:Q68001|Q68001]]
|-
| [[Valeyres-sous-Rances|Valeyres-sous-Rances]] || 3450 || 0 || 373 || 20151129120854 || [[:d:Q70501|Q70501]]
|-
| [[Aedermannsdorf|Aedermannsdorf]] || 6040 || 0 || 375 || 20130308175328 || [[:d:Q68384|Q68384]]
|-
| [[Villars-le-Terroir|Villars-le-Terroir]] || 3418 || 0 || 378 || 20151129122024 || [[:d:Q68644|Q68644]]
|-
| [[Villars-sur-Ollon|Villars-sur-Ollon]] || 7430 || 0 || 378 || 20130308185051 || [[:d:Q674237|Q674237]]
|-
| [[Härkingen|Härkingen]] || 6025 || 0 || 380 || 20150404161012 || [[:d:Q66399|Q66399]]
|-
| [[Hilterfingen|Hilterfingen]] || 5339 || 0 || 382 || 20130310042617 || [[:d:Q66042|Q66042]]
|-
| [[Welschenrohr|Welschenrohr]] || 6036 || 0 || 385 || 20130308175232 || [[:d:Q66376|Q66376]]
|-
| [[Sigriswil|Sigriswil]] || 4730 || 0 || 387 || 20130310041105 || [[:d:Q65732|Q65732]]
|-
| [[Oberhofen am Thunersee|Oberhofen am Thunersee]] || 4726 || 0 || 397 || 20130310041119 || [[:d:Q66611|Q66611]]
|-
| [[Les Enfers|Les Enfers]] || 5621 || 0 || 401 || 20130308160539 || [[:d:Q70411|Q70411]]
|-
| [[Le Bémont|Le Bémont]] || 5626 || 0 || 403 || 20130308160633 || [[:d:Q68502|Q68502]]
|-
| [[Vermes|Vermes]] || 5604 || 0 || 403 || 20130308160233 || [[:d:Q58032|Q58032]]
|-
| [[Trient (VS)|Trient]] || 3688 || 0 || 408 || 20160822204719 || [[:d:Q68856|Q68856]]
|-
| [[Ballaigues|Ballaigues]] || 3441 || 0 || 411 || 20160914165504 || [[:d:Q43239|Q43239]]
|-
| [[Evolène|Evolène]] || 3716 || 0 || 411 || 20250722001822 || [[:d:Q69551|Q69551]]
|-
| [[Rebeuvelier|Rebeuvelier]] || 5597 || 0 || 416 || 20130308160224 || [[:d:Q68498|Q68498]]
|-
| [[Courchapoix|Courchapoix]] || 5584 || 0 || 425 || 20130308160001 || [[:d:Q69852|Q69852]]
|-
| [[Montsevelier|Montsevelier]] || 5594 || 0 || 426 || 20130308160151 || [[:d:Q68496|Q68496]]
|-
| [[Carabbia|Carabbia]] || 3933 || 0 || 525 || 20130308133632 || [[:d:Q62070|Q62070]]
|-
| [[Sembrancher|Sembrancher]] || 3695 || 0 || 531 || 20150604011209 || [[:d:Q70101|Q70101]]
|-
| [[Muttenz|Muttenz]] || 7002 || 0 || 621 || 20151129004203 || [[:d:Q66191|Q66191]]
|-
| [[Bagnes|Bagnes]] || 3708 || 0 || 655 || 20150604015724 || [[:d:Q68906|Q68906]]
|-
| [[Cully|Cully]] || 3303 || 0 || 668 || 20260221145503 || [[:d:Q661664|Q661664]]
|-
| [[Saas-Fee|Saas-Fee]] || 3782 || 0 || 672 || 20161227010617 || [[:d:Q69693|Q69693]]
|-
| [[Riex|Riex]] || 3307 || 0 || 674 || 20260221150522 || [[:d:Q520036|Q520036]]
|-
| [[Epesses|Epesses]] || 3308 || 0 || 684 || 20260221150827 || [[:d:Q668869|Q668869]]
|-
| [[Chexbres|Chexbres]] || 3171 || 0 || 685 || 20260220162912 || [[:d:Q52818|Q52818]]
|-
| [[Son Gagl|Son Gagl]] || 2548 || 0 || 708 || 20240926192941 || [[:d:Q25607|Q25607]]
|-
| [[Bussigny|Bussigny]] || 3270 || 0 || 709 || 20150605161028 || [[:d:Q52300|Q52300]]
|-
| [[Uzwil|Uzwil]] || 2644 || 0 || 720 || 20250620214209 || [[:d:Q64171|Q64171]]
|-
| [[Cevio|Cevio]] || 3848 || 0 || 721 || 20250219134127 || [[:d:Q67675|Q67675]]
|-
| [[Anières|Anières]] || 3176 || 0 || 724 || 20260220163449 || [[:d:Q69842|Q69842]]
|-
| [[Bex|Bex]] || 3389 || 0 || 728 || 20230618090509 || [[:d:Q52261|Q52261]]
|-
| [[Stetten|Stetten]] || 5066 || 0 || 730 || 20260218072552 || [[:d:Q65158|Q65158]]
|-
| [[Gryon|Gryon]] || 3390 || 0 || 731 || 20230830121140 || [[:d:Q69522|Q69522]]
|-
| [[Neuenhof|Neuenhof]] || 5060 || 0 || 733 || 20250625145938 || [[:d:Q64461|Q64461]]
|-
| [[Ayer|Ayer]] || 7373 || 0 || 742 || 20230901085834 || [[:d:Q212308|Q212308]]
|-
| [[Aigle|Aigle]] || 3387 || 0 || 743 || 20230619212017 || [[:d:Q43195|Q43195]]
|-
| [[Chandolin|Chandolin]] || 3736 || 0 || 744 || 20230901090207 || [[:d:Q586631|Q586631]]
|-
| [[Chessel|Chessel]] || 3380 || 0 || 745 || 20230322172916 || [[:d:Q52781|Q52781]]
|-
| [[Rennaz|Rennaz]] || 3379 || 0 || 746 || 20130308010135 || [[:d:Q70214|Q70214]]
|-
| [[Grandvaux|Grandvaux]] || 3306 || 0 || 746 || 20130308000702 || [[:d:Q664153|Q664153]]
|-
| [[Capriasca|Capriasca]] || 3969 || 0 || 748 || 20220509213028 || [[:d:Q69043|Q69043]]
|-
| [[Villette|Villette]] || 3305 || 0 || 749 || 20130308000651 || [[:d:Q668377|Q668377]]
|-
| [[Bärschwil|Bärschwil]] || 6006 || 0 || 753 || 20210710172911 || [[:d:Q66716|Q66716]]
|-
| [[Wohlenschwil|Wohlenschwil]] || 5068 || 0 || 753 || 20240407170342 || [[:d:Q65161|Q65161]]
|-
| [[Spreitenbach|Spreitenbach]] || 5065 || 0 || 753 || 20250519053808 || [[:d:Q64210|Q64210]]
|-
| [[Riehen|Riehen]] || 2589 || 0 || 754 || 20200221104833 || [[:d:Q5262|Q5262]]
|-
| [[Damvant|Damvant]] || 5552 || 0 || 754 || 20130308155536 || [[:d:Q668193|Q668193]]
|-
| [[Yvorne|Yvorne]] || 3384 || 0 || 755 || 20130308010254 || [[:d:Q70240|Q70240]]
|-
| [[Corbeyrier|Corbeyrier]] || 3385 || 0 || 758 || 20130308010305 || [[:d:Q57099|Q57099]]
|-
| [[Leysin|Leysin]] || 3386 || 0 || 762 || 20130308010339 || [[:d:Q69610|Q69610]]
|-
| [[Arzier-Le Muids|Arzier-Le Muids]] || 3247 || 0 || 763 || 20151128211629 || [[:d:Q43218|Q43218]]
|-
| [[Saint-Luc|Saint-Luc]] || 3737 || 0 || 764 || 20230901091339 || [[:d:Q689586|Q689586]]
|-
| [[Vissoie|Vissoie]] || 3738 || 0 || 767 || 20230901091626 || [[:d:Q689112|Q689112]]
|-
| [[Saint-Jean|Saint-Jean]] || 3742 || 0 || 768 || 20230901090951 || [[:d:Q15881638|Q15881638]]
|-
| [[Belmont-sur-Lausanne|Belmont-sur-Lausanne]] || 3172 || 0 || 769 || 20260220163148 || [[:d:Q43254|Q43254]]
|-
| [[Allschwil|Allschwil]] || 2590 || 0 || 773 || 20250804210311 || [[:d:Q64727|Q64727]]
|-
| [[Roche|Roche]] || 3381 || 0 || 775 || 20230830152603 || [[:d:Q70224|Q70224]]
|-
| [[Mägenwil|Mägenwil]] || 5059 || 0 || 776 || 20180409125630 || [[:d:Q64551|Q64551]]
|-
| [[Turgi|Turgi]] || 2618 || 0 || 777 || 20210511162117 || [[:d:Q64264|Q64264]]
|-
| [[Biasca|Biasca]] || 4020 || 0 || 777 || 20250813004923 || [[:d:Q67523|Q67523]]
|-
| [[Gresso|Gresso]] || 3886 || 0 || 779 || 20130308132604 || [[:d:Q68352|Q68352]]
|-
| [[Avenches|Avenches]] || 3615 || 0 || 780 || 20231008213557 || [[:d:Q43236|Q43236]]
|-
| [[Blonay|Blonay]] || 3318 || 0 || 780 || 20221208032548 || [[:d:Q52266|Q52266]]
|-
| [[Caneggio|Caneggio]] || 3983 || 0 || 786 || 20130308134329 || [[:d:Q58937|Q58937]]
|-
| [[Delémont|Delémont]] || 4621 || 0 || 787 || 20221127154302 || [[:d:Q63896|Q63896]]
|-
| [[Obersiggenthal|Obersiggenthal]] || 5063 || 0 || 787 || 20210511155014 || [[:d:Q64541|Q64541]]
|-
| [[Contone|Contone]] || 3888 || 0 || 790 || 20130308132626 || [[:d:Q87088|Q87088]]
|-
| [[Untersiggenthal|Untersiggenthal]] || 5067 || 0 || 792 || 20210511162722 || [[:d:Q64269|Q64269]]
|-
| [[Arbaz|Arbaz]] || 3726 || 0 || 793 || 20230831201844 || [[:d:Q68113|Q68113]]
|-
| [[Remetschwil|Remetschwil]] || 5064 || 0 || 795 || 20240402095557 || [[:d:Q64500|Q64500]]
|-
| [[Bironico|Bironico]] || 3900 || 0 || 797 || 20130308132913 || [[:d:Q259939|Q259939]]
|-
| [[Montana|Montana]] || 3740 || 0 || 800 || 20151129003013 || [[:d:Q70186|Q70186]]
|-
| [[Oberrohrdorf|Oberrohrdorf]] || 5062 || 0 || 803 || 20210511154433 || [[:d:Q64496|Q64496]]
|-
| [[Movelier|Movelier]] || 5595 || 0 || 807 || 20130308160202 || [[:d:Q68511|Q68511]]
|-
| [[Vellerat|Vellerat]] || 5603 || 0 || 809 || 20130308160222 || [[:d:Q54449|Q54449]]
|-
| [[Veyras|Veyras]] || 3750 || 0 || 812 || 20130308030836 || [[:d:Q67702|Q67702]]
|-
| [[Romanshorn|Romanshorn]] || 4618 || 0 || 813 || 20151129015333 || [[:d:Q65125|Q65125]]
|-
| [[Bogno|Bogno]] || 3973 || 0 || 814 || 20130325225835 || [[:d:Q68827|Q68827]]
|-
| [[Mollens (VS)|Mollens]] || 3338 || 0 || 816 || 20130308003416 || [[:d:Q70353|Q70353]]
|-
| [[Zug|Zug]] || 2586 || 0 || 817 || 20260224225657 || [[:d:Q68144|Q68144]]
|-
| [[Clarens|Clarens]] || 6533 || 0 || 819 || 20220702213225 || [[:d:Q178508|Q178508]]
|-
| [[Chiasso|Chiasso]] || 3994 || 0 || 819 || 20151128220532 || [[:d:Q68111|Q68111]]
|-
| [[Chalais|Chalais]] || 3734 || 0 || 822 || 20230903164201 || [[:d:Q70736|Q70736]]
|-
| [[Frasco|Frasco]] || 3856 || 0 || 822 || 20130426173931 || [[:d:Q67730|Q67730]]
|-
| [[Randogne|Randogne]] || 3746 || 0 || 823 || 20130308030753 || [[:d:Q70355|Q70355]]
|-
| [[Cavigliano|Cavigliano]] || 3879 || 0 || 829 || 20130403201913 || [[:d:Q68784|Q68784]]
|-
| [[Territet|Territet]] || 6498 || 0 || 829 || 20130308172209 || [[:d:Q2733559|Q2733559]]
|-
| [[Würenlingen|Würenlingen]] || 5069 || 0 || 832 || 20240403181217 || [[:d:Q64219|Q64219]]
|-
| [[Mendrisio|Mendrisio]] || 3980 || 0 || 832 || 20250815211454 || [[:d:Q69041|Q69041]]
|-
| [[Glion (Montreux)|Glion]] || 6501 || 0 || 833 || 20220702213224 || [[:d:Q688497|Q688497]]
|-
| [[Nunningen|Nunningen]] || 6015 || 0 || 833 || 20130308174509 || [[:d:Q64697|Q64697]]
|-
| [[Venthône|Venthône]] || 3743 || 0 || 834 || 20130308030720 || [[:d:Q70315|Q70315]]
|-
| [[Saulcy|Saulcy]] || 5599 || 0 || 835 || 20130308160246 || [[:d:Q68083|Q68083]]
|-
| [[Avegno (TI)|Avegno]] || 3853 || 0 || 835 || 20250812140203 || [[:d:Q668900|Q668900]]
|-
| [[Lutry|Lutry]] || 3170 || 0 || 835 || 20260220162640 || [[:d:Q69697|Q69697]]
|-
| [[Lens|Lens]] || 3744 || 0 || 836 || 20231104201016 || [[:d:Q70361|Q70361]]
|-
| [[Liddes|Liddes]] || 3707 || 0 || 836 || 20150604013135 || [[:d:Q68899|Q68899]]
|-
| [[Muriaux|Muriaux]] || 5615 || 0 || 837 || 20221127062501 || [[:d:Q68506|Q68506]]
|-
| [[Künten|Künten]] || 5057 || 0 || 837 || 20210511141750 || [[:d:Q64247|Q64247]]
|-
| [[Chippis|Chippis]] || 3735 || 0 || 837 || 20130308030541 || [[:d:Q69986|Q69986]]
|-
| [[Niederrohrdorf|Niederrohrdorf]] || 5061 || 0 || 839 || 20170309225544 || [[:d:Q64465|Q64465]]
|-
| [[Ormont-Dessus|Ormont-Dessus]] || 3383 || 0 || 841 || 20230619220140 || [[:d:Q70082|Q70082]]
|-
| [[Gerra (Verzasca)|Gerra]] || 3862 || 0 || 841 || 20130308132019 || [[:d:Q668825|Q668825]]
|-
| [[Mellingen|Mellingen]] || 5058 || 0 || 842 || 20170309140339 || [[:d:Q64216|Q64216]]
|-
| [[Niederbuchsiten|Niederbuchsiten]] || 6018 || 0 || 842 || 20250321131707 || [[:d:Q65609|Q65609]]
|-
| [[Icogne|Icogne]] || 3745 || 0 || 845 || 20130308030742 || [[:d:Q69535|Q69535]]
|-
| [[Caux|Caux]] || 6500 || 0 || 850 || 20220702213223 || [[:d:Q674325|Q674325]]
|-
| [[Vacallo|Vacallo]] || 3998 || 0 || 853 || 20130308134613 || [[:d:Q67470|Q67470]]
|-
| [[Grimentz|Grimentz]] || 3741 || 0 || 853 || 20230901090541 || [[:d:Q869551|Q869551]]
|-
| [[Suhr|Suhr]] || 5688 || 0 || 855 || 20160909074138 || [[:d:Q65195|Q65195]]
|-
| [[Beinwil (SO)|Beinwil]] || 6007 || 0 || 856 || 20240403193452 || [[:d:Q65391|Q65391]]
|-
| [[Horgen|Horgen]] || 2591 || 0 || 858 || 20260222165802 || [[:d:Q68286|Q68286]]
|-
| [[Sierre|Sierre]] || 3733 || 0 || 858 || 20230527165910 || [[:d:Q68297|Q68297]]
|-
| [[Brione (Verzasca)|Brione]] || 3860 || 0 || 861 || 20250219143206 || [[:d:Q68766|Q68766]]
|-
| [[Noville|Noville]] || 3378 || 0 || 861 || 20150324231331 || [[:d:Q70005|Q70005]]
|-
| [[Saint-Léonard|Saint-Léonard]] || 3731 || 0 || 862 || 20151129020601 || [[:d:Q68222|Q68222]]
|-
| [[Sion|Sion]] || 3725 || 0 || 863 || 20230831153755 || [[:d:Q68136|Q68136]]
|-
| [[Grône|Grône]] || 3732 || 0 || 865 || 20130308030458 || [[:d:Q70151|Q70151]]
|-
| [[Paudex|Paudex]] || 3169 || 0 || 871 || 20260220162207 || [[:d:Q70248|Q70248]]
|-
| [[Corban|Corban]] || 5583 || 0 || 871 || 20130308155950 || [[:d:Q68769|Q68769]]
|-
| [[Pully|Pully]] || 2595 || 0 || 872 || 20250731204658 || [[:d:Q69738|Q69738]]
|-
| [[Bellikon|Bellikon]] || 5050 || 0 || 872 || 20240403203531 || [[:d:Q64521|Q64521]]
|-
| [[Würenlos|Würenlos]] || 5070 || 0 || 874 || 20240403191906 || [[:d:Q64258|Q64258]]
|-
| [[Rietheim|Rietheim]] || 5724 || 0 || 878 || 20250621065621 || [[:d:Q66854|Q66854]]
|-
| [[Miège|Miège]] || 3749 || 0 || 882 || 20130308030825 || [[:d:Q69542|Q69542]]
|-
| [[Murgenthal|Murgenthal]] || 5763 || 0 || 883 || 20260324220715 || [[:d:Q64478|Q64478]]
|-
| [[Courroux|Courroux]] || 5587 || 0 || 883 || 20221126170145 || [[:d:Q70095|Q70095]]
|-
| [[Gadmen|Gadmen]] || 5120 || 0 || 884 || 20250805232741 || [[:d:Q69426|Q69426]]
|-
| [[Saint-Gingolph|Saint-Gingolph]] || 3401 || 0 || 885 || 20230519211200 || [[:d:Q70528|Q70528]]
|-
| [[Dirinella|Dirinella]] || 7418 || 0 || 887 || 20130308184843 || [[:d:Q692978|Q692978]]
|-
| [[Seelisberg|Seelisberg]] || 7618 || 0 || 888 || 20260331213800 || [[:d:Q65355|Q65355]]
|-
| [[Boécourt|Boécourt]] || 5580 || 0 || 888 || 20240209221904 || [[:d:Q69942|Q69942]]
|-
| [[Buchs (AG)|Buchs]] || 5679 || 0 || 890 || 20210511080414 || [[:d:Q64512|Q64512]]
|-
| [[Isenthal|Isenthal]] || 7619 || 0 || 890 || 20260331205627 || [[:d:Q65573|Q65573]]
|-
| [[Quinto|Quinto]] || 3829 || 0 || 891 || 20260401202504 || [[:d:Q67501|Q67501]]
|-
| [[Männedorf|Männedorf]] || 9151 || 0 || 891 || 20260222170136 || [[:d:Q64627|Q64627]]
|-
| [[Gurtnellen|Gurtnellen]] || 7592 || 0 || 892 || 20260331215742 || [[:d:Q65450|Q65450]]
|-
| [[Bonvillars|Bonvillars]] || 3524 || 0 || 892 || 20230703030852 || [[:d:Q52269|Q52269]]
|-
| [[Aeschi|Aeschi]] || 6145 || 0 || 894 || 20250531045923 || [[:d:Q68324|Q68324]]
|-
| [[Bergdietikon|Bergdietikon]] || 5051 || 0 || 900 || 20240403205113 || [[:d:Q68302|Q68302]]
|-
| [[Attelwil|Attelwil]] || 5756 || 0 || 903 || 20170309202310 || [[:d:Q64389|Q64389]]
|-
| [[Küttigen|Küttigen]] || 5684 || 0 || 903 || 20240407141335 || [[:d:Q65007|Q65007]]
|-
| [[Koblenz (AG)|Koblenz]] || 5718 || 0 || 907 || 20250628043716 || [[:d:Q69441|Q69441]]
|-
| [[Gerra (Gambarogno)|Gerra]] || 3893 || 0 || 907 || 20151128230329 || [[:d:Q534274|Q534274]]
|-
| [[Brittnau|Brittnau]] || 5759 || 0 || 908 || 20260218223011 || [[:d:Q64273|Q64273]]
|-
| [[Ormont-Dessous|Ormont-Dessous]] || 3382 || 0 || 908 || 20220704004002 || [[:d:Q70227|Q70227]]
|-
| [[Arbon|Arbon]] || 4616 || 0 || 909 || 20160212143949 || [[:d:Q64156|Q64156]]
|-
| [[Rothrist|Rothrist]] || 5766 || 0 || 909 || 20210511171805 || [[:d:Q64482|Q64482]]
|-
| [[Densbüren|Densbüren]] || 5680 || 0 || 909 || 20170309220406 || [[:d:Q64537|Q64537]]
|-
| [[Grindelwald|Grindelwald]] || 4700 || 0 || 910 || 20250531223755 || [[:d:Q64004|Q64004]]
|-
| [[Bottenwil|Bottenwil]] || 5757 || 0 || 910 || 20170309220012 || [[:d:Q64261|Q64261]]
|-
| [[Ehrendingen|Ehrendingen]] || 5052 || 0 || 911 || 20260316095149 || [[:d:Q65294|Q65294]]
|-
| [[Zofingen|Zofingen]] || 5772 || 0 || 913 || 20250625165818 || [[:d:Q63986|Q63986]]
|-
| [[Reitnau|Reitnau]] || 5765 || 0 || 913 || 20170608145551 || [[:d:Q64393|Q64393]]
|-
| [[Biberstein|Biberstein]] || 5678 || 0 || 913 || 20240403173709 || [[:d:Q64491|Q64491]]
|-
| [[Kölliken|Kölliken]] || 5761 || 0 || 913 || 20250530121929 || [[:d:Q68106|Q68106]]
|-
| [[Dättlikon|Dättlikon]] || 12829 || 0 || 913 || 20260222165626 || [[:d:Q70381|Q70381]]
|-
| [[Wiliberg|Wiliberg]] || 5771 || 0 || 916 || 20210511173322 || [[:d:Q64250|Q64250]]
|-
| [[Uerkheim|Uerkheim]] || 5769 || 0 || 916 || 20260218110233 || [[:d:Q64376|Q64376]]
|-
| [[Chermignon|Chermignon]] || 3739 || 0 || 916 || 20151128220107 || [[:d:Q69532|Q69532]]
|-
| [[Erlinsbach (AG)|Erlinsbach]] || 5681 || 0 || 917 || 20250621120425 || [[:d:Q65415|Q65415]]
|-
| [[Altdorf (UR)|Altdorf]] || 7483 || 0 || 918 || 20260331205140 || [[:d:Q68150|Q68150]]
|-
| [[Aarburg|Aarburg]] || 5754 || 0 || 918 || 20260301150102 || [[:d:Q64165|Q64165]]
|-
| [[Rovio|Rovio]] || 3944 || 0 || 919 || 20130308181551 || [[:d:Q67986|Q67986]]
|-
| [[Gersau|Gersau]] || 7719 || 0 || 919 || 20260226220144 || [[:d:Q64380|Q64380]]
|-
| [[Freienwil|Freienwil]] || 5055 || 0 || 920 || 20210511141227 || [[:d:Q64402|Q64402]]
|-
| [[Soloturn|Soloturn]] || 4610 || 0 || 921 || 20161227031627 || [[:d:Q68965|Q68965]]
|-
| [[Vevey|Vevey]] || 3316 || 0 || 924 || 20250802091431 || [[:d:Q68160|Q68160]]
|-
| [[Killwangen|Killwangen]] || 5056 || 0 || 924 || 20260218223214 || [[:d:Q64547|Q64547]]
|-
| [[Kirchleerau|Kirchleerau]] || 5760 || 0 || 925 || 20260324220806 || [[:d:Q64453|Q64453]]
|-
| [[Muralto|Muralto]] || 3869 || 0 || 928 || 20240815160636 || [[:d:Q69961|Q69961]]
|-
| [[Jona|Jona]] || 2592 || 0 || 928 || 20130307193453 || [[:d:Q669350|Q669350]]
|-
| [[Centovalli (TI)|Centovalli]] || 9179 || 0 || 929 || 20260124131707 || [[:d:Q70611|Q70611]]
|-
| [[Ennetbaden|Ennetbaden]] || 5053 || 0 || 929 || 20260218042054 || [[:d:Q64424|Q64424]]
|-
| [[Gebenstorf|Gebenstorf]] || 2617 || 0 || 929 || 20170309221359 || [[:d:Q64486|Q64486]]
|-
| [[Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] || 4608 || 0 || 930 || 20221104085837 || [[:d:Q69345|Q69345]]
|-
| [[Döttingen|Döttingen]] || 5712 || 0 || 930 || 20260218223847 || [[:d:Q64787|Q64787]]
|-
| [[Birmenstorf|Birmenstorf]] || 2615 || 0 || 931 || 20240403184635 || [[:d:Q64457|Q64457]]
|-
| [[Oberentfelden|Oberentfelden]] || 5686 || 0 || 933 || 20160909074027 || [[:d:Q64990|Q64990]]
|-
| [[Villeneuve (VD)|Villeneuve]] || 3321 || 0 || 935 || 20230830115727 || [[:d:Q69972|Q69972]]
|-
| [[La Tour-de-Peilz|La Tour-de-Peilz]] || 3319 || 0 || 936 || 20250527013955 || [[:d:Q69721|Q69721]]
|-
| [[Klingnau|Klingnau]] || 5717 || 0 || 936 || 20250628031400 || [[:d:Q67135|Q67135]]
|-
| [[Nyon|Nyon]] || 3236 || 0 || 937 || 20260122085944 || [[:d:Q64027|Q64027]]
|-
| [[Lajoux|Lajoux]] || 5612 || 0 || 938 || 20130308160350 || [[:d:Q68079|Q68079]]
|-
| [[Muzzano|Muzzano]] || 3925 || 0 || 939 || 20220620192124 || [[:d:Q68796|Q68796]]
|-
| [[Staffelbach|Staffelbach]] || 5758 || 0 || 943 || 20210511172632 || [[:d:Q64239|Q64239]]
|-
| [[Lengnau (AG)|Lengnau]] || 5720 || 0 || 944 || 20250628131221 || [[:d:Q69429|Q69429]]
|-
| [[Ollon|Ollon]] || 3388 || 0 || 945 || 20230313053947 || [[:d:Q70115|Q70115]]
|-
| [[Bourg-Saint-Pierre|Bourg-Saint-Pierre]] || 3697 || 0 || 946 || 20150604014528 || [[:d:Q70157|Q70157]]
|-
| [[Yverdon-les-Bains|Yverdon-les-Bains]] || 2585 || 0 || 946 || 20260324214557 || [[:d:Q63946|Q63946]]
|-
| [[Unterendingen|Unterendingen]] || 5729 || 0 || 948 || 20130308163640 || [[:d:Q65897|Q65897]]
|-
| [[Leibstadt|Leibstadt]] || 5719 || 0 || 949 || 20260218223341 || [[:d:Q66347|Q66347]]
|-
| [[Leuggern|Leuggern]] || 5721 || 0 || 950 || 20130308162548 || [[:d:Q66718|Q66718]]
|-
| [[Epalinges|Epalinges]] || 3294 || 0 || 950 || 20250721091322 || [[:d:Q69252|Q69252]]
|-
| [[Oftringen|Oftringen]] || 5764 || 0 || 951 || 20250625154052 || [[:d:Q68220|Q68220]]
|-
| [[Blumenstein|Blumenstein]] || 5332 || 0 || 951 || 20220602143506 || [[:d:Q66139|Q66139]]
|-
| [[Aarau|Aarau]] || 4614 || 0 || 956 || 20240403180230 || [[:d:Q14274|Q14274]]
|-
| [[Collina d'Oro|Collina d'Oro]] || 3936 || 0 || 958 || 20260302101229 || [[:d:Q69062|Q69062]]
|-
| [[Endingen (AG)|Endingen]] || 5713 || 0 || 959 || 20130308162034 || [[:d:Q69438|Q69438]]
|-
| [[Mutzmalen|Mutzmalen]] || 9150 || 0 || 959 || 20130308203424 || [[:d:Q692866|Q692866]]
|-
| [[Brusino Arsizio|Brusino Arsizio]] || 3921 || 0 || 968 || 20151128213921 || [[:d:Q70120|Q70120]]
|-
| [[Tegerfelden|Tegerfelden]] || 5728 || 0 || 970 || 20220805151004 || [[:d:Q64255|Q64255]]
|-
| [[Torre|Torre]] || 6334 || 0 || 972 || 20170608145641 || [[:d:Q690147|Q690147]]
|-
| [[Paradiso|Paradiso]] || 3938 || 0 || 972 || 20220605111504 || [[:d:Q68205|Q68205]]
|-
| [[Montreux|Montreux]] || 2587 || 0 || 973 || 20260328160731 || [[:d:Q69354|Q69354]]
|-
| [[Forst|Forst]] || 5336 || 0 || 973 || 20250731052727 || [[:d:Q689599|Q689599]]
|-
| [[Cugnasco-Gerra|Cugnasco-Gerra]] || 6954 || 0 || 976 || 20151128221914 || [[:d:Q68843|Q68843]]
|-
| [[Herisau|Herisau]] || 4615 || 0 || 976 || 20211119190037 || [[:d:Q63970|Q63970]]
|-
| [[Riva San Vitale|Riva San Vitale]] || 3981 || 0 || 978 || 20250812162724 || [[:d:Q67130|Q67130]]
|-
| [[Moosleerau|Moosleerau]] || 5762 || 0 || 978 || 20260326134046 || [[:d:Q64398|Q64398]]
|-
| [[Kaiserstuhl (AG)|Kaiserstuhl]] || 5716 || 0 || 979 || 20240424053556 || [[:d:Q67094|Q67094]]
|-
| [[Muhen|Muhen]] || 5685 || 0 || 982 || 20160909073908 || [[:d:Q64985|Q64985]]
|-
| [[Lancy|Lancy]] || 3192 || 0 || 982 || 20250825151327 || [[:d:Q64065|Q64065]]
|-
| [[Bauen|Bauen]] || 7617 || 0 || 983 || 20260331215108 || [[:d:Q69302|Q69302]]
|-
| [[Caslano|Caslano]] || 3922 || 0 || 986 || 20151128215114 || [[:d:Q67270|Q67270]]
|-
| [[Unterseen|Unterseen]] || 4705 || 0 || 987 || 20250614150239 || [[:d:Q67097|Q67097]]
|-
| [[Rohr|Rohr]] || 5687 || 0 || 987 || 20240902063205 || [[:d:Q183441|Q183441]]
|-
| [[Göschenen|Göschenen]] || 7594 || 0 || 987 || 20260331205446 || [[:d:Q69639|Q69639]]
|-
| [[Gränichen|Gränichen]] || 5682 || 0 || 988 || 20160909073522 || [[:d:Q64267|Q64267]]
|-
| [[Capolago|Capolago]] || 3979 || 0 || 989 || 20151128215219 || [[:d:Q58940|Q58940]]
|-
| [[Unterentfelden|Unterentfelden]] || 5689 || 0 || 991 || 20210511081702 || [[:d:Q64253|Q64253]]
|-
| [[Bissone|Bissone]] || 3945 || 0 || 999 || 20230306034111 || [[:d:Q69269|Q69269]]
|-
| [[Längenbühl|Längenbühl]] || 5341 || 0 || 1001 || 20250823052842 || [[:d:Q663123|Q663123]]
|-
| [[Strengelbach|Strengelbach]] || 5768 || 0 || 1003 || 20250625155924 || [[:d:Q64237|Q64237]]
|-
| [[Fislisbach|Fislisbach]] || 5054 || 0 || 1007 || 20260218221246 || [[:d:Q64469|Q64469]]
|-
| [[Interlaken|Interlaken]] || 4622 || 0 || 1008 || 20250615081038 || [[:d:Q68103|Q68103]]
|-
| [[Hirschthal|Hirschthal]] || 5683 || 0 || 1008 || 20160909073635 || [[:d:Q64526|Q64526]]
|-
| [[Jussy|Jussy]] || 3181 || 0 || 1010 || 20260220164334 || [[:d:Q65538|Q65538]]
|-
| [[Meinier|Meinier]] || 3179 || 0 || 1013 || 20260220164003 || [[:d:Q69845|Q69845]]
|-
| [[Matten bei Interlaken|Matten bei Interlaken]] || 4698 || 0 || 1015 || 20220605123739 || [[:d:Q65757|Q65757]]
|-
| [[Mellikon|Mellikon]] || 5722 || 0 || 1018 || 20220711115233 || [[:d:Q66047|Q66047]]
|-
| [[Büren an der Aare|Büren an der Aare]] || 7707 || 0 || 1022 || 20250529110548 || [[:d:Q66360|Q66360]]
|-
| [[Rümikon (AG)|Rümikon]] || 5725 || 0 || 1022 || 20220805143915 || [[:d:Q65750|Q65750]]
|-
| [[Lugaggia|Lugaggia]] || 3968 || 0 || 1023 || 20130310072148 || [[:d:Q690137|Q690137]]
|-
| [[Baden|Baden]] || 4619 || 0 || 1024 || 20260218100901 || [[:d:Q63939|Q63939]]
|-
| [[Maggia (TI)|Maggia]] || 3854 || 0 || 1024 || 20250814142004 || [[:d:Q67996|Q67996]]
|-
| [[Choulex|Choulex]] || 3182 || 0 || 1024 || 20260221105444 || [[:d:Q68180|Q68180]]
|-
| [[Illnau-Effretikon|Illnau-Effretikon]] || 2596 || 0 || 1026 || 20260222165926 || [[:d:Q64873|Q64873]]
|-
| [[Böbikon|Böbikon]] || 5710 || 0 || 1026 || 20250621060205 || [[:d:Q65225|Q65225]]
|-
| [[Meyrin|Meyrin]] || 3209 || 0 || 1026 || 20250830213158 || [[:d:Q68230|Q68230]]
|-
| [[Vordemwald|Vordemwald]] || 5770 || 0 || 1026 || 20210511172928 || [[:d:Q64234|Q64234]]
|-
| [[Fisibach|Fisibach]] || 5714 || 0 || 1027 || 20240404213453 || [[:d:Q66109|Q66109]]
|-
| [[Capaul|Capaul]] || 4781 || 0 || 1033 || 20260331071714 || [[:d:Q14566913|Q14566913]]
|-
| [[Casut|Casut]] || 4783 || 0 || 1033 || 20260331072234 || [[:d:Q14566915|Q14566915]]
|-
| [[Wettingen|Wettingen]] || 5011 || 0 || 1035 || 20250625173814 || [[:d:Q27576|Q27576]]
|-
| [[Gy|Gy]] || 3178 || 0 || 1035 || 20260220163746 || [[:d:Q66504|Q66504]]
|-
| [[Siglistorf|Siglistorf]] || 5727 || 0 || 1036 || 20220805145456 || [[:d:Q65729|Q65729]]
|-
| [[Corticiasca|Corticiasca]] || 3971 || 0 || 1040 || 20130308134106 || [[:d:Q157349|Q157349]]
|-
| [[Carona|Carona]] || 3935 || 0 || 1052 || 20130308133706 || [[:d:Q68453|Q68453]]
|-
| [[Bedano|Bedano]] || 3905 || 0 || 1058 || 20130311103256 || [[:d:Q68799|Q68799]]
|-
| [[Böttstein|Böttstein]] || 5711 || 0 || 1060 || 20240403174335 || [[:d:Q65002|Q65002]]
|-
| [[Saint-Ursanne|Saint-Ursanne]] || 5575 || 0 || 1061 || 20151129020352 || [[:d:Q661799|Q661799]]
|-
| [[Vandœuvres|Vandœuvres]] || 3184 || 0 || 1062 || 20260221105712 || [[:d:Q65522|Q65522]]
|-
| [[Gandria|Gandria]] || 6073 || 0 || 1067 || 20130308164918 || [[:d:Q601607|Q601607]]
|-
| [[Schneisingen|Schneisingen]] || 5726 || 0 || 1071 || 20260218220749 || [[:d:Q64407|Q64407]]
|-
| [[Le Bouveret|Le Bouveret]] || 6983 || 0 || 1074 || 20250528163002 || [[:d:Q675700|Q675700]]
|-
| [[Brugg|Brugg]] || 12471 || 0 || 1076 || 20260124130022 || [[:d:Q64099|Q64099]]
|-
| [[Cartigny|Cartigny]] || 3204 || 0 || 1077 || 20231024174243 || [[:d:Q65531|Q65531]]
|-
| [[Olten|Olten]] || 4609 || 0 || 1081 || 20260331055653 || [[:d:Q68129|Q68129]]
|-
| [[Laconnex|Laconnex]] || 3200 || 0 || 1082 || 20250727101645 || [[:d:Q69848|Q69848]]
|-
| [[Bad Zurzach|Bad Zurzach]] || 5708 || 0 || 1083 || 20160911070011 || [[:d:Q64186|Q64186]]
|-
| [[Casu|Casu]] || 4782 || 0 || 1087 || 20260331082556 || [[:d:Q14566914|Q14566914]]
|-
| [[Gambarogno|Gambarogno]] || 9174 || 0 || 1088 || 20240815155729 || [[:d:Q70234|Q70234]]
|-
| [[Gliz|Gliz]] || 4778 || 0 || 1090 || 20260331081001 || [[:d:Q14566910|Q14566910]]
|-
| [[Ursera|Ursera]] || 7604 || 0 || 1091 || 20260331213937 || [[:d:Q64019|Q64019]]
|-
| [[Aire-la-Ville|Aire-la-Ville]] || 3205 || 0 || 1091 || 20230528161753 || [[:d:Q65280|Q65280]]
|-
| [[Baldingen|Baldingen]] || 5709 || 0 || 1093 || 20170309213301 || [[:d:Q65381|Q65381]]
|-
| [[Brione sopra Minusio|Brione sopra Minusio]] || 3866 || 0 || 1094 || 20250219150542 || [[:d:Q68794|Q68794]]
|-
| [[Wislikofen|Wislikofen]] || 5730 || 0 || 1094 || 20220726221258 || [[:d:Q65174|Q65174]]
|-
| [[Chêne-Bourg|Chêne-Bourg]] || 3188 || 0 || 1096 || 20250727094006 || [[:d:Q69035|Q69035]]
|-
| [[Attinghausen|Attinghausen]] || 7608 || 0 || 1103 || 20260331205326 || [[:d:Q69279|Q69279]]
|-
| [[Rüti bei Büren|Rüti bei Büren]] || 7701 || 0 || 1107 || 20250720062136 || [[:d:Q11737|Q11737]]
|-
| [[Lavey-Morcles|Lavey-Morcles]] || 3391 || 0 || 1109 || 20151128234854 || [[:d:Q70250|Q70250]]
|-
| [[Troinex|Troinex]] || 3193 || 0 || 1110 || 20240219010621 || [[:d:Q69817|Q69817]]
|-
| [[Avully|Avully]] || 3203 || 0 || 1113 || 20250726194727 || [[:d:Q69200|Q69200]]
|-
| [[Safenwil|Safenwil]] || 5767 || 0 || 1113 || 20130308165107 || [[:d:Q64448|Q64448]]
|-
| [[Confignon|Confignon]] || 3196 || 0 || 1118 || 20230420102356 || [[:d:Q65277|Q65277]]
|-
| [[Sviz|Sviz]] || 4611 || 0 || 1138 || 20250706122408 || [[:d:Q68155|Q68155]]
|-
| [[Avusy|Avusy]] || 3201 || 0 || 1141 || 20240322183029 || [[:d:Q68174|Q68174]]
|-
| [[Anniviers|Anniviers]] || 7848 || 0 || 1143 || 20230831154916 || [[:d:Q70336|Q70336]]
|-
| [[Melide|Melide]] || 3919 || 0 || 1146 || 20130308133334 || [[:d:Q69981|Q69981]]
|-
| [[Soral|Soral]] || 3197 || 0 || 1148 || 20250829113501 || [[:d:Q65535|Q65535]]
|-
| [[Rekingen|Rekingen]] || 5723 || 0 || 1150 || 20220711111112 || [[:d:Q65580|Q65580]]
|-
| [[Bidogno|Bidogno]] || 3970 || 0 || 1153 || 20130308134242 || [[:d:Q668835|Q668835]]
|-
| [[Genevra|Genevra]] || 802 || 0 || 1156 || 20250227091602 || [[:d:Q71|Q71]]
|-
| [[Perly-Certoux|Perly-Certoux]] || 3195 || 0 || 1156 || 20250830212415 || [[:d:Q65516|Q65516]]
|-
| [[Berna|Berna]] || 795 || 0 || 1158 || 20260324215829 || [[:d:Q70|Q70]]
|-
| [[Schaffusa|Schaffusa]] || 2555 || 0 || 1159 || 20260324214746 || [[:d:Q9009|Q9009]]
|-
| [[Bussy|Bussy]] || 4293 || 0 || 1161 || 20190309223009 || [[:d:Q68595|Q68595]]
|-
| [[Plan-les-Ouates|Plan-les-Ouates]] || 3198 || 0 || 1164 || 20250728131028 || [[:d:Q65273|Q65273]]
|-
| [[Maggia (anteriura vischnanca)|Maggia]] || 7471 || 0 || 1166 || 20170308122147 || [[:d:Q3905364|Q3905364]]
|-
| [[Font|Font]] || 4305 || 0 || 1167 || 20190310153340 || [[:d:Q429085|Q429085]]
|-
| [[Aurigeno|Aurigeno]] || 7466 || 0 || 1167 || 20260324220221 || [[:d:Q1056013|Q1056013]]
|-
| [[Coglio|Coglio]] || 7468 || 0 || 1170 || 20260324220122 || [[:d:Q86765|Q86765]]
|-
| [[Walenstadt|Walenstadt]] || 5830 || 0 || 1178 || 20250621003609 || [[:d:Q64191|Q64191]]
|-
| [[Bardonnex|Bardonnex]] || 3194 || 0 || 1181 || 20220706133135 || [[:d:Q68191|Q68191]]
|-
| [[Collex-Bossy|Collex-Bossy]] || 3214 || 0 || 1185 || 20250728134037 || [[:d:Q65691|Q65691]]
|-
| [[Liestal|Liestal]] || 4200 || 0 || 1195 || 20161227013238 || [[:d:Q68972|Q68972]]
|-
| [[Vuarmarens|Vuarmarens]] || 4141 || 0 || 1196 || 20190310165426 || [[:d:Q678813|Q678813]]
|-
| [[Veyrier|Veyrier]] || 3190 || 0 || 1196 || 20250728134813 || [[:d:Q69587|Q69587]]
|-
| [[Morens|Morens]] || 4314 || 0 || 1199 || 20190310141345 || [[:d:Q69347|Q69347]]
|-
| [[Someo|Someo]] || 7473 || 0 || 1199 || 20170608145631 || [[:d:Q3386486|Q3386486]]
|-
| [[Lodano|Lodano]] || 7470 || 0 || 1206 || 20130308185500 || [[:d:Q2566438|Q2566438]]
|-
| [[Savièse|Savièse]] || 3727 || 0 || 1207 || 20230617191222 || [[:d:Q69558|Q69558]]
|-
| [[Bedigliora|Bedigliora]] || 3914 || 0 || 1210 || 20151128212347 || [[:d:Q70182|Q70182]]
|-
| [[Moghegno|Moghegno]] || 7472 || 0 || 1212 || 20130310111438 || [[:d:Q362761|Q362761]]
|-
| [[Onex|Onex]] || 2593 || 0 || 1214 || 20250728125026 || [[:d:Q68240|Q68240]]
|-
| [[Astano|Astano]] || 3911 || 0 || 1218 || 20170103065224 || [[:d:Q70173|Q70173]]
|-
| [[Giumaglio|Giumaglio]] || 7469 || 0 || 1218 || 20130308185449 || [[:d:Q3386495|Q3386495]]
|-
| [[Lurtigen|Lurtigen]] || 4489 || 0 || 1223 || 20190302231801 || [[:d:Q69895|Q69895]]
|-
| [[Satigny|Satigny]] || 3208 || 0 || 1227 || 20250728014414 || [[:d:Q69451|Q69451]]
|-
| [[Vuissens|Vuissens]] || 4325 || 0 || 1231 || 20190310142822 || [[:d:Q70002|Q70002]]
|-
| [[Zumholz|Zumholz]] || 4521 || 0 || 1240 || 20190302145845 || [[:d:Q65900|Q65900]]
|-
| [[Surses|Surses]] || 14357 || 0 || 1251 || 20240328205153 || [[:d:Q19944645|Q19944645]]
|-
| [[Jeuss|Jeuss]] || 4487 || 0 || 1256 || 20190302231546 || [[:d:Q68549|Q68549]]
|-
| [[Vernay|Vernay]] || 4323 || 0 || 1259 || 20190310142446 || [[:d:Q70507|Q70507]]
|-
| [[Undervelier|Undervelier]] || 5602 || 0 || 1259 || 20130308160211 || [[:d:Q70416|Q70416]]
|-
| [[Rueyres-les-Prés|Rueyres-les-Prés]] || 5073 || 0 || 1266 || 20190310141951 || [[:d:Q68657|Q68657]]
|-
| [[Orsières|Orsières]] || 3706 || 0 || 1266 || 20150604012344 || [[:d:Q70206|Q70206]]
|-
| [[Dardagny|Dardagny]] || 3207 || 0 || 1267 || 20250825141736 || [[:d:Q69471|Q69471]]
|-
| [[Villarvolard|Villarvolard]] || 4058 || 0 || 1270 || 20190310165248 || [[:d:Q662286|Q662286]]
|-
| [[Siviriez|Siviriez]] || 4121 || 0 || 1271 || 20190310183430 || [[:d:Q68619|Q68619]]
|-
| [[Bedretto|Bedretto]] || 3826 || 0 || 1272 || 20161227005047 || [[:d:Q67035|Q67035]]
|-
| [[Landquart GR|Landquart GR]] || 14381 || 0 || 1274 || 20260313223721 || [[:d:Q70631|Q70631]]
|-
| [[Wallenried|Wallenried]] || 4497 || 0 || 1275 || 20190302232436 || [[:d:Q67466|Q67466]]
|-
| [[Salvenach|Salvenach]] || 4493 || 0 || 1277 || 20190302232051 || [[:d:Q69902|Q69902]]
|-
| [[Villeneuve (FR)|Villeneuve]] || 4324 || 0 || 1277 || 20190310165339 || [[:d:Q68583|Q68583]]
|-
| [[Châtillon (FR)|Châtillon]] || 4296 || 0 || 1278 || 20190310175548 || [[:d:Q70297|Q70297]]
|-
| [[Sévaz|Sévaz]] || 4321 || 0 || 1279 || 20240906122052 || [[:d:Q68576|Q68576]]
|-
| [[Le Châtelard|Le Châtelard]] || 5078 || 0 || 1280 || 20251107100054 || [[:d:Q68480|Q68480]]
|-
| [[Büchslen|Büchslen]] || 4422 || 0 || 1281 || 20190310152855 || [[:d:Q69850|Q69850]]
|-
| [[Personico|Personico]] || 3841 || 0 || 1282 || 20160112190635 || [[:d:Q68810|Q68810]]
|-
| [[Lumino|Lumino]] || 4011 || 0 || 1284 || 20160111194040 || [[:d:Q67670|Q67670]]
|-
| [[Léchelles|Léchelles]] || 4307 || 0 || 1291 || 20190310160335 || [[:d:Q68059|Q68059]]
|-
| [[Meyriez|Meyriez]] || 4429 || 0 || 1293 || 20250406015553 || [[:d:Q68662|Q68662]]
|-
| [[Senèdes|Senèdes]] || 4152 || 0 || 1293 || 20190310211459 || [[:d:Q67435|Q67435]]
|-
| [[Ferpicloz|Ferpicloz]] || 4153 || 0 || 1298 || 20190310195941 || [[:d:Q66422|Q66422]]
|-
| [[Bodio|Bodio]] || 3844 || 0 || 1299 || 20161227004938 || [[:d:Q69390|Q69390]]
|-
| [[Vuisternens-en-Ogoz|Vuisternens-en-Ogoz]] || 4151 || 0 || 1299 || 20190303155840 || [[:d:Q67443|Q67443]]
|-
| [[Vallon|Vallon]] || 4322 || 0 || 1301 || 20230908001802 || [[:d:Q70343|Q70343]]
|-
| [[Rossens|Rossens]] || 4148 || 0 || 1302 || 20190303155636 || [[:d:Q66768|Q66768]]
|-
| [[Maladers|Maladers]] || 2964 || 0 || 1303 || 20220426135200 || [[:d:Q64972|Q64972]]
|-
| [[Russin|Russin]] || 3206 || 0 || 1306 || 20250728122836 || [[:d:Q69826|Q69826]]
|-
| [[Courlevon|Courlevon]] || 4424 || 0 || 1307 || 20190302230552 || [[:d:Q67070|Q67070]]
|-
| [[Moleno|Moleno]] || 4003 || 0 || 1309 || 20160111211301 || [[:d:Q68816|Q68816]]
|-
| [[Le Flon|Le Flon]] || 4041 || 0 || 1310 || 20190310175100 || [[:d:Q68538|Q68538]]
|-
| [[Pianezzo|Pianezzo]] || 4018 || 0 || 1311 || 20160111195816 || [[:d:Q70306|Q70306]]
|-
| [[Alterswil|Alterswil]] || 4501 || 0 || 1311 || 20190819203053 || [[:d:Q66949|Q66949]]
|-
| [[Faido|Faido]] || 3835 || 0 || 1312 || 20260410134710 || [[:d:Q69673|Q69673]]
|-
| [[Sobrio|Sobrio]] || 3845 || 0 || 1312 || 20240815133120 || [[:d:Q70020|Q70020]]
|-
| [[Isone|Isone]] || 4014 || 0 || 1313 || 20250813001747 || [[:d:Q69804|Q69804]]
|-
| [[Gnosca|Gnosca]] || 4006 || 0 || 1314 || 20160111203708 || [[:d:Q67754|Q67754]]
|-
| [[Givisiez|Givisiez]] || 4220 || 0 || 1316 || 20260108145021 || [[:d:Q66461|Q66461]]
|-
| [[Pont-la-Ville|Pont-la-Ville]] || 4054 || 0 || 1316 || 20190310194216 || [[:d:Q67510|Q67510]]
|-
| [[Tafers|Tafers]] || 4516 || 0 || 1316 || 20251003220044 || [[:d:Q66865|Q66865]]
|-
| [[Villarepos|Villarepos]] || 4494 || 0 || 1317 || 20190310164815 || [[:d:Q70040|Q70040]]
|-
| [[Aranno|Aranno]] || 3907 || 0 || 1317 || 20130308133055 || [[:d:Q68792|Q68792]]
|-
| [[Blenio|Blenio]] || 4026 || 0 || 1318 || 20240226045153 || [[:d:Q68789|Q68789]]
|-
| [[Fräschels|Fräschels]] || 4428 || 0 || 1319 || 20251002201143 || [[:d:Q68562|Q68562]]
|-
| [[Schmitten (FR)|Schmitten]] || 4520 || 0 || 1319 || 20230321100656 || [[:d:Q67705|Q67705]]
|-
| [[Lully (FR)|Lully]] || 4309 || 0 || 1320 || 20250801180827 || [[:d:Q70493|Q70493]]
|-
| [[Preonzo|Preonzo]] || 4004 || 0 || 1320 || 20160112153126 || [[:d:Q70070|Q70070]]
|-
| [[Heitenried|Heitenried]] || 4506 || 0 || 1321 || 20190819202713 || [[:d:Q68031|Q68031]]
|-
| [[Plasselb|Plasselb]] || 4513 || 0 || 1321 || 20260410123356 || [[:d:Q67374|Q67374]]
|-
| [[Sementina|Sementina]] || 4008 || 0 || 1322 || 20160112153519 || [[:d:Q67476|Q67476]]
|-
| [[Prévondavaux|Prévondavaux]] || 4315 || 0 || 1322 || 20190310180955 || [[:d:Q68659|Q68659]]
|-
| [[Gudo|Gudo]] || 4009 || 0 || 1322 || 20160111210252 || [[:d:Q69800|Q69800]]
|-
| [[Nuvilly|Nuvilly]] || 4318 || 0 || 1324 || 20190310180907 || [[:d:Q70323|Q70323]]
|-
| [[Monte Carasso|Monte Carasso]] || 4005 || 0 || 1325 || 20160111211943 || [[:d:Q70075|Q70075]]
|-
| [[St. Silvester|St. Silvester]] || 4511 || 0 || 1325 || 20190310173435 || [[:d:Q68042|Q68042]]
|-
| [[Grangettes|Grangettes]] || 4143 || 0 || 1326 || 20190310182308 || [[:d:Q69928|Q69928]]
|-
| [[Ulmiz|Ulmiz]] || 4496 || 0 || 1327 || 20190310214825 || [[:d:Q67430|Q67430]]
|-
| [[Marsens|Marsens]] || 4069 || 0 || 1328 || 20230926042108 || [[:d:Q67075|Q67075]]
|-
| [[St. Antoni|St. Antoni]] || 4510 || 0 || 1332 || 20190310173308 || [[:d:Q66071|Q66071]]
|-
| [[Gurmels|Gurmels]] || 4433 || 0 || 1334 || 20190310212319 || [[:d:Q66941|Q66941]]
|-
| [[Murist|Murist]] || 4319 || 0 || 1336 || 20250815173059 || [[:d:Q68655|Q68655]]
|-
| [[Sant'Antonino|Sant'Antonino]] || 4015 || 0 || 1337 || 20160111200235 || [[:d:Q67673|Q67673]]
|-
| [[Torny|Torny]] || 4136 || 0 || 1340 || 20190310183531 || [[:d:Q68048|Q68048]]
|-
| [[Sant'Antonio|Sant'Antonio]] || 4019 || 0 || 1342 || 20160111200544 || [[:d:Q70313|Q70313]]
|-
| [[Montet (Glâne)|Montet]] || 4119 || 0 || 1343 || 20190310183114 || [[:d:Q70397|Q70397]]
|-
| [[La Folliaz|La Folliaz]] || 4135 || 0 || 1343 || 20190310182530 || [[:d:Q70319|Q70319]]
|-
| [[Gletterens|Gletterens]] || 4306 || 0 || 1343 || 20251113100116 || [[:d:Q68573|Q68573]]
|-
| [[St. Ursen|St. Ursen]] || 4512 || 0 || 1344 || 20190310173540 || [[:d:Q66453|Q66453]]
|-
| [[Courgevaux|Courgevaux]] || 4423 || 0 || 1346 || 20251117133039 || [[:d:Q67456|Q67456]]
|-
| [[Tentlingen|Tentlingen]] || 4519 || 0 || 1347 || 20190310173806 || [[:d:Q67313|Q67313]]
|-
| [[Muntelier|Muntelier]] || 4491 || 0 || 1351 || 20190310214013 || [[:d:Q68665|Q68665]]
|-
| [[Pollegio|Pollegio]] || 3843 || 0 || 1351 || 20160112190951 || [[:d:Q67750|Q67750]]
|-
| [[Giffers|Giffers]] || 4505 || 0 || 1353 || 20250410094353 || [[:d:Q66476|Q66476]]
|-
| [[Villorsonnens|Villorsonnens]] || 4140 || 0 || 1353 || 20230923111848 || [[:d:Q68055|Q68055]]
|-
| [[Haut-Intyamon|Haut-Intyamon]] || 4049 || 0 || 1356 || 20190310193345 || [[:d:Q66876|Q66876]]
|-
| [[Gordola|Gordola]] || 3864 || 0 || 1356 || 20250813012725 || [[:d:Q69671|Q69671]]
|-
| [[Brünisried|Brünisried]] || 4503 || 0 || 1356 || 20241021184949 || [[:d:Q66952|Q66952]]
|-
| [[La Verrerie|La Verrerie]] || 4044 || 0 || 1359 || 20190310174937 || [[:d:Q67324|Q67324]]
|-
| [[Cadenazzo|Cadenazzo]] || 4012 || 0 || 1364 || 20160111194355 || [[:d:Q69790|Q69790]]
|-
| [[Gorduno|Gorduno]] || 4007 || 0 || 1365 || 20160111205828 || [[:d:Q69797|Q69797]]
|-
| [[Pierrafortscha|Pierrafortscha]] || 4184 || 0 || 1368 || 20190310211226 || [[:d:Q67321|Q67321]]
|-
| [[Ueberstorf|Ueberstorf]] || 4517 || 0 || 1368 || 20190310173900 || [[:d:Q67689|Q67689]]
|-
| [[Obersaxen Mundaun|Obersaxen Mundaun]] || 14382 || 0 || 1368 || 20260404081144 || [[:d:Q21051027|Q21051027]]
|-
| [[Crésuz|Crésuz]] || 4076 || 0 || 1372 || 20190310192823 || [[:d:Q67361|Q67361]]
|-
| [[Villaz-Saint-Pierre|Villaz-Saint-Pierre]] || 4142 || 0 || 1373 || 20251109102910 || [[:d:Q70440|Q70440]]
|-
| [[Giornico|Giornico]] || 3842 || 0 || 1374 || 20160112190126 || [[:d:Q67763|Q67763]]
|-
| [[Châtel-sur-Montsalvens|Châtel-sur-Montsalvens]] || 4062 || 0 || 1375 || 20251115153810 || [[:d:Q67800|Q67800]]
|-
| [[Ried bei Kerzers|Ried bei Kerzers]] || 4495 || 0 || 1375 || 20230926232002 || [[:d:Q69938|Q69938]]
|-
| [[Saint-Martin (FR)|Saint-Martin]] || 4043 || 0 || 1378 || 20190310175405 || [[:d:Q70434|Q70434]]
|-
| [[Ponthaux|Ponthaux]] || 4208 || 0 || 1381 || 20250621080157 || [[:d:Q67401|Q67401]]
|-
| [[Hauteville (FR)|Hauteville]] || 4072 || 0 || 1382 || 20190619171338 || [[:d:Q662294|Q662294]]
|-
| [[Russy|Russy]] || 4320 || 0 || 1382 || 20190312203755 || [[:d:Q70299|Q70299]]
|-
| [[Muntogna da Schons (vischnanca)|Muntogna da Schons]] || 14359 || 0 || 1384 || 20260313223850 || [[:d:Q99519699|Q99519699]]
|-
| [[Camorino|Camorino]] || 4017 || 0 || 1384 || 20160111194717 || [[:d:Q69802|Q69802]]
|-
| [[Granges-Paccot|Granges-Paccot]] || 4189 || 0 || 1385 || 20190310200420 || [[:d:Q67060|Q67060]]
|-
| [[Les Montets|Les Montets]] || 4308 || 0 || 1386 || 20251106024604 || [[:d:Q67243|Q67243]]
|-
| [[Kleinbösingen|Kleinbösingen]] || 4427 || 0 || 1388 || 20190310213359 || [[:d:Q69905|Q69905]]
|-
| [[Kerzers|Kerzers]] || 4488 || 0 || 1388 || 20190310212221 || [[:d:Q69871|Q69871]]
|-
| [[Jaun|Jaun]] || 4047 || 0 || 1389 || 20240910142548 || [[:d:Q66911|Q66911]]
|-
| [[Oberschrot|Oberschrot]] || 4507 || 0 || 1389 || 20260107093400 || [[:d:Q66760|Q66760]]
|-
| [[Cerniat|Cerniat]] || 4075 || 0 || 1390 || 20190310221938 || [[:d:Q69567|Q69567]]
|-
| [[Charmey|Charmey]] || 4060 || 0 || 1391 || 20190310222146 || [[:d:Q67305|Q67305]]
|-
| [[Broc|Broc]] || 4055 || 0 || 1392 || 20251001083347 || [[:d:Q67519|Q67519]]
|-
| [[Rue|Rue]] || 4117 || 0 || 1393 || 20250930210937 || [[:d:Q70188|Q70188]]
|-
| [[Delley-Portalban|Delley-Portalban]] || 4301 || 0 || 1394 || 20251127094754 || [[:d:Q68552|Q68552]]
|-
| [[Granges (Veveyse)|Granges]] || 4037 || 0 || 1396 || 20190310174837 || [[:d:Q68420|Q68420]]
|-
| [[Mézières (FR)|Mézières]] || 4124 || 0 || 1399 || 20190310183026 || [[:d:Q70637|Q70637]]
|-
| [[Bösingen|Bösingen]] || 4502 || 0 || 1401 || 20251220004750 || [[:d:Q67379|Q67379]]
|-
| [[Galmiz|Galmiz]] || 4431 || 0 || 1402 || 20190310213027 || [[:d:Q67437|Q67437]]
|-
| [[Riaz|Riaz]] || 4070 || 0 || 1407 || 20200422120713 || [[:d:Q67741|Q67741]]
|-
| [[Arogno|Arogno]] || 3941 || 0 || 1411 || 20130311103422 || [[:d:Q68449|Q68449]]
|-
| [[Pont-en-Ogoz|Pont-en-Ogoz]] || 4056 || 0 || 1414 || 20190310194036 || [[:d:Q66903|Q66903]]
|-
| [[Arbedo-Castione|Arbedo-Castione]] || 4010 || 0 || 1414 || 20250814135444 || [[:d:Q69788|Q69788]]
|-
| [[Le Pâquier|Le Pâquier]] || 4063 || 0 || 1414 || 20251208092330 || [[:d:Q69918|Q69918]]
|-
| [[Misery-Courtion|Misery-Courtion]] || 4490 || 0 || 1414 || 20190310213825 || [[:d:Q67326|Q67326]]
|-
| [[Sâles|Sâles]] || 4068 || 0 || 1414 || 20200719201053 || [[:d:Q67736|Q67736]]
|-
| [[Sorens|Sorens]] || 5038 || 0 || 1416 || 20190312204233 || [[:d:Q66498|Q66498]]
|-
| [[Autigny|Autigny]] || 4181 || 0 || 1420 || 20251117075145 || [[:d:Q70180|Q70180]]
|-
| [[Gempenach|Gempenach]] || 4430 || 0 || 1421 || 20190310212122 || [[:d:Q69911|Q69911]]
|-
| [[Romont (FR)|Romont]] || 4126 || 0 || 1421 || 20251216052913 || [[:d:Q67103|Q67103]]
|-
| [[Morlon|Morlon]] || 4077 || 0 || 1423 || 20190312200012 || [[:d:Q67081|Q67081]]
|-
| [[La Brillaz|La Brillaz]] || 4186 || 0 || 1432 || 20190310205720 || [[:d:Q66935|Q66935]]
|-
| [[Alto Malcantone|Alto Malcantone]] || 3908 || 0 || 1435 || 20220620131729 || [[:d:Q67010|Q67010]]
|-
| [[Semsales|Semsales]] || 4042 || 0 || 1436 || 20250415203051 || [[:d:Q67699|Q67699]]
|-
| [[Autafond|Autafond]] || 4207 || 0 || 1442 || 20190310220909 || [[:d:Q67408|Q67408]]
|-
| [[La Sonnaz|La Sonnaz]] || 4203 || 0 || 1446 || 20190310205841 || [[:d:Q24771|Q24771]]
|-
| [[Neyruz|Neyruz]] || 4177 || 0 || 1447 || 20190312200216 || [[:d:Q66466|Q66466]]
|-
| [[Farvagny|Farvagny]] || 4147 || 0 || 1447 || 20190303153627 || [[:d:Q66930|Q66930]]
|-
| [[Remaufens|Remaufens]] || 4038 || 0 || 1448 || 20251221210527 || [[:d:Q25843|Q25843]]
|-
| [[Rechthalten|Rechthalten]] || 4514 || 0 || 1448 || 20240111001146 || [[:d:Q66763|Q66763]]
|-
| [[Massonnens|Massonnens]] || 4139 || 0 || 1450 || 20251105185054 || [[:d:Q70427|Q70427]]
|-
| [[Wünnewil-Flamatt|Wünnewil-Flamatt]] || 4509 || 0 || 1451 || 20230324150951 || [[:d:Q67718|Q67718]]
|-
| [[Surpierre|Surpierre]] || 4294 || 0 || 1451 || 20190310181319 || [[:d:Q68606|Q68606]]
|-
| [[Ménières|Ménières]] || 4312 || 0 || 1452 || 20250930205353 || [[:d:Q68709|Q68709]]
|-
| [[Fétigny|Fétigny]] || 4304 || 0 || 1453 || 20250405153956 || [[:d:Q70311|Q70311]]
|-
| [[Bas-Vully|Bas-Vully]] || 4421 || 0 || 1453 || 20250813153703 || [[:d:Q69899|Q69899]]
|-
| [[Vuadens|Vuadens]] || 4059 || 0 || 1456 || 20190312204829 || [[:d:Q66520|Q66520]]
|-
| [[Vaulruz|Vaulruz]] || 4057 || 0 || 1457 || 20190312204441 || [[:d:Q66444|Q66444]]
|-
| [[Marly|Marly]] || 4175 || 0 || 1461 || 20230406173014 || [[:d:Q65891|Q65891]]
|-
| [[Haut-Vully|Haut-Vully]] || 4434 || 0 || 1463 || 20190310225219 || [[:d:Q68380|Q68380]]
|-
| [[Avry|Avry]] || 4219 || 0 || 1464 || 20230928223312 || [[:d:Q67073|Q67073]]
|-
| [[Le Glèbe|Le Glèbe]] || 4146 || 0 || 1473 || 20190303155335 || [[:d:Q66436|Q66436]]
|-
| [[Matran|Matran]] || 4178 || 0 || 1476 || 20251201141543 || [[:d:Q66419|Q66419]]
|-
| [[Airolo|Airolo]] || 3828 || 0 || 1477 || 20250813003441 || [[:d:Q69265|Q69265]]
|-
| [[Beatenberg|Beatenberg]] || 4719 || 0 || 1482 || 20250127163729 || [[:d:Q68108|Q68108]]
|-
| [[Saignelégier|Saignelégier]] || 5627 || 0 || 1484 || 20221127063156 || [[:d:Q67666|Q67666]]
|-
| [[Greng|Greng]] || 4432 || 0 || 1484 || 20240910132940 || [[:d:Q69885|Q69885]]
|-
| [[Le Mouret|Le Mouret]] || 4150 || 0 || 1494 || 20190312195318 || [[:d:Q66480|Q66480]]
|-
| [[Cheyres|Cheyres]] || 4298 || 0 || 1502 || 20190309223523 || [[:d:Q68580|Q68580]]
|-
| [[Saint-Aubin|Saint-Aubin]] || 4316 || 0 || 1502 || 20190312203911 || [[:d:Q70403|Q70403]]
|-
| [[Grandvillard|Grandvillard]] || 4066 || 0 || 1505 || 20190310224509 || [[:d:Q66887|Q66887]]
|-
| [[Ecublens (FR)|Ecublens]] || 4085 || 0 || 1512 || 20251117132737 || [[:d:Q70481|Q70481]]
|-
| [[Grolley|Grolley]] || 4204 || 0 || 1513 || 20240905134804 || [[:d:Q67037|Q67037]]
|-
| [[Corpataux-Magnedens|Corpataux-Magnedens]] || 4168 || 0 || 1520 || 20190310222650 || [[:d:Q66449|Q66449]]
|-
| [[Auboranges|Auboranges]] || 4078 || 0 || 1521 || 20190310181543 || [[:d:Q70438|Q70438]]
|-
| [[Ursy|Ursy]] || 4120 || 0 || 1523 || 20240604171603 || [[:d:Q70452|Q70452]]
|-
| [[Acquarossa|Acquarossa]] || 4030 || 0 || 1525 || 20240226195827 || [[:d:Q68358|Q68358]]
|-
| [[La Roche|La Roche]] || 4071 || 0 || 1525 || 20190312195203 || [[:d:Q67686|Q67686]]
|-
| [[Olivone|Olivone]] || 6103 || 0 || 1531 || 20130310074821 || [[:d:Q690142|Q690142]]
|-
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14872</id>
    <revision>
      <id>170818</id>
      <parentid>170817</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T12:11:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da schlisuler */</comment>
      <origin>170818</origin>
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      <text bytes="2666" sha1="caqsp4ihl3268dbyohbfpxk1wn3djz1" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa e chi'd es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint il turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan in sieus prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura americaun purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cún il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>caqsp4ihl3268dbyohbfpxk1wn3djz1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170819</id>
      <parentid>170818</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T12:35:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da schlisuler */</comment>
      <origin>170819</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3238" sha1="9f7wbce3nnnpq8q81w11stvj37al7yq" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa e chi'd es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint il turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan in sieus prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura americaun purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cún il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee». Il patron da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra l'an 1879.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9f7wbce3nnnpq8q81w11stvj37al7yq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170820</id>
      <parentid>170819</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T12:35:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da schlisuler */</comment>
      <origin>170820</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3255" sha1="9fhuz4qyn4ge49upwup0li7vjcz1z6b" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa e chi'd es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint il turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan in sieus prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura americaun purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cún il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patron da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra l'an 1879.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="3724" sha1="gi2jbef6p9pn5lerysuhzqxxhwosgge" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa e chi'd es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint il turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan in sieus prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura americaun purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cún il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patron da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra l'an 1879.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertiaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run». Insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170822</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-13T12:39:41Z</timestamp>
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        <id>22665</id>
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      <text bytes="3743" sha1="jtemymlpajs6zyiiv3azdx9qgl4rx46" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa e chi'd es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint il turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan in sieus prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura americaun purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cún il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patron da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra l'an 1879.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertiaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run». Insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jtemymlpajs6zyiiv3azdx9qgl4rx46</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>170823</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-13T12:42:16Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="3721" sha1="msuxkn429yrp3d8wf3ijfnqitq7xamd" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa e chi'd es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patron da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra l'an 1879.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertiaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run». Insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="3721" sha1="p6tfwusd9fg7cg0uvs4habvrjd0horq" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa e chi'd es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra l'an 1879.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertiaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run». Insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="3721" sha1="oi63uml3ykwobdmmy570tsv6wt8rxtm" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa e chi'd es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertiaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run». Insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
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      <text bytes="3723" sha1="329oxe3jn6g9wph5y26p59p04dkvv9j" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa e chi'd es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertiaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
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        <id>22665</id>
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      <comment>/* Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3776" sha1="nufb7zbdzignyew7udwcjz2yarwy0i4" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa e chi'd es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertiaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via da bob – «Olimpic Cresta Run» ===

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nufb7zbdzignyew7udwcjz2yarwy0i4</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="3816" sha1="1yvhv330n3oeakuws8ap779c6907083" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa e chi'd es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertiaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via da bob – «Olimpic Cresta Run» ===

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1yvhv330n3oeakuws8ap779c6907083</sha1>
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      <text bytes="3829" sha1="3mkv841ctwgn5jta9i7a0lw130z5bhw" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa e chi'd es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertiaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via da bob – «Olimpic Cresta Run» ===
Per intaunt 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="3830" sha1="qvkl1nr8s7s08yaoeumwhjy9qli4qyd" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertiaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via da bob – «Olimpic Cresta Run» ===
Per intaunt 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="3831" sha1="lnr26wvym25xa081m362ix0zctyrjxi" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via da bob – «Olimpic Cresta Run» ===
Per intaunt 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>170832</id>
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      <text bytes="3846" sha1="kj6oadp6onz400385x6z89lsenxbdal" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via da bob – «Olimpic Cresta Run» ===
Per intaunt 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kj6oadp6onz400385x6z89lsenxbdal</sha1>
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      <text bytes="3843" sha1="g88uprcujgx7u6h6xph49d5vbiiz3g1" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via da bob – «Olimpia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="3852" sha1="i5slw6ulel3tv5c13oszc6yukkjkcx3" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpia Bob Run San Murezzan-Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via da bob mundiela – «Olimpia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>i5slw6ulel3tv5c13oszc6yukkjkcx3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170835</id>
      <parentid>170834</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T13:02:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>170835</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3852" sha1="8xi39jk02h4czrxhl5k95dugbe77lx0" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' San Murezzan-Schlarigna es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via da bob mundiela – «Olimpia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8xi39jk02h4czrxhl5k95dugbe77lx0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170836</id>
      <parentid>170835</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T13:02:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Prüma via da bob mundiela – «Olimpia Bob Run» */</comment>
      <origin>170836</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3852" sha1="mg8ic7mr5ouecovidm9lfvo1syjkqr9" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' San Murezzan-Schlarigna es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via da bob mundiela – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mg8ic7mr5ouecovidm9lfvo1syjkqr9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170837</id>
      <parentid>170836</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T13:06:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>170837</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3862" sha1="a8ile0dmazwnyuqx8y4p9efs43hdqws" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olimpic Bob Run''' '''San Murezzan – Schlarigna''' es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via da bob mundiela – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>a8ile0dmazwnyuqx8y4p9efs43hdqws</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170838</id>
      <parentid>170837</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T13:08:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>170838</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3918" sha1="t3uf5j049zcvejtnl590zveew9snn40" xml:space="preserve">Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via da bob mundiela – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-13T13:18:02Z</timestamp>
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        <id>22665</id>
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      <text bytes="4168" sha1="0o3owlss82xozqoeieh2vd1kw8zzuom" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öl sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via da bob mundiela – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0o3owlss82xozqoeieh2vd1kw8zzuom</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>170840</id>
      <parentid>170839</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T13:20:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>22665</id>
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      <comment>/* Prüma via da bob mundiela – «Olympia Bob Run» */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4161" sha1="mjpcdt3yzpixjl7tzv5z0sofw157dvs" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öl sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mjpcdt3yzpixjl7tzv5z0sofw157dvs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170841</id>
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      <text bytes="4162" sha1="4e6ns11w61etnx10lavya1snyv4w8zs" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt 

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4e6ns11w61etnx10lavya1snyv4w8zs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170842</id>
      <parentid>170841</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T14:22:02Z</timestamp>
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        <id>22665</id>
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      <comment>/* Prüma via mundiela – «Olympia Bob Run» */</comment>
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      <text bytes="5114" sha1="twbq0ztj1dhx7mtnawe7fv57irp8q4b" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897 in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920. Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.   

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>twbq0ztj1dhx7mtnawe7fv57irp8q4b</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>170843</id>
      <parentid>170842</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T14:26:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» */</comment>
      <origin>170843</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5446" sha1="of3d44mvw11givra1kruv2qnhaerrww" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;   

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>of3d44mvw11givra1kruv2qnhaerrww</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170844</id>
      <parentid>170843</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T14:28:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Prüma via mundiela – «Olympia Bob Run» */</comment>
      <origin>170844</origin>
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      <text bytes="5453" sha1="k8iv8bi15wz11sz6iwlvptuhygj1an1" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;   

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>k8iv8bi15wz11sz6iwlvptuhygj1an1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170845</id>
      <parentid>170844</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T14:32:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» */</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5500" sha1="oxgac0wob3lhec19yip76z5teopx21q" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
bbbbb

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>oxgac0wob3lhec19yip76z5teopx21q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
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        <id>22665</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5513" sha1="m80joddelktw5gkkgadwpug9451pjxg" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>m80joddelktw5gkkgadwpug9451pjxg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170847</id>
      <parentid>170846</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T14:36:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170847</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7440" sha1="2urobuty60z0hgz87fzxw5e5gzbi522" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da curvas
!Grund der Benennung
|-
|1.
|(Start)
|Der Start erfolgt beim Starthaus „Dracula“, dem 1973 von Gunter Sachs gegründeten Dracula-Club.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nzz.ch/articleEPDZ0-1.80546 ''Die Könige von St. Moritz.''] In: ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]].'' 3. Dezember 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Benannt nach der Mauer, die die Kurve begrenzt.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Eine Kurve wie eine Schlange.
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|Der sonnigste Teil der Bahn.
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Benannt nach den britischen Bobpiloten Anthony Nash und Robin Dixon, Goldmedaillengewinner beim Zweierbob bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1964 in Innsbruck, die einzigen Mitglieder auf ewig des St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club.
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Kurve in Hufeisenform.
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Hier war an der ersten Bahn ein Telefon installiert.
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Kleeblatt
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Teufelsdamm-Kurve
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Hier befand sich ein Baum an der kurzen Wand dieser Kurve.
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Nachdem man diese Kurve passiert hat, ist die Eisenbahnbrücke über die weitere Strecke zu sehen.
|-
|12.
|Leap
|
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|Benannt nach Gunter Sachs, dem Präsidenten des St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club von 1969 bis 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|Benannt nach Hubert de Martineau, einem Major der Schweizer Armee, aus Dankbarkeit an seine 44 Jahre dauernde Präsidentschaft (1922–1969) beim St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club.
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|Benannt nach Alfonso de Portago (1928–1957), der bei der Bob-Weltmeisterschaft 1957 in St. Moritz mit der Bronzemedaille im Zweierbob die bislang einzige Medaille bei einer Bobweltmeisterschaft für Spanien gewann; er verunglückte nur wenige Wochen später tödlich beim Autorennen Mille Miglia in Italien. Eine Stiftung in seinem Namen ermöglichte den Umbau des unteren Teils der Strecke.
|-
|16.
|(Auslauf)
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2urobuty60z0hgz87fzxw5e5gzbi522</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170848</id>
      <parentid>170847</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T14:39:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170848</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7526" sha1="npbyql187u3dgunfyofwbu96g5w38fx" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da curvas
!Grund der Benennung
|-
|1.
|(Start)
|Der Start erfolgt beim Starthaus „Dracula“, dem 1973 von Gunter Sachs gegründeten Dracula-Club.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nzz.ch/articleEPDZ0-1.80546 ''Die Könige von St. Moritz.''] In: ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]].'' 3. Dezember 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Benannt nach der Mauer, die die Kurve begrenzt.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Eine Kurve wie eine Schlange.
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|Der sonnigste Teil der Bahn.
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Benannt nach den britischen Bobpiloten Anthony Nash und Robin Dixon, Goldmedaillengewinner beim Zweierbob bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1964 in Innsbruck, die einzigen Mitglieder auf ewig des St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club.
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Kurve in Hufeisenform.
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Hier war an der ersten Bahn ein Telefon installiert.
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Kleeblatt
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Teufelsdamm-Kurve
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Hier befand sich ein Baum an der kurzen Wand dieser Kurve.
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Nachdem man diese Kurve passiert hat, ist die Eisenbahnbrücke über die weitere Strecke zu sehen.
|-
|12.
|Leap
|
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|Benannt nach Gunter Sachs, dem Präsidenten des St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club von 1969 bis 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|Benannt nach Hubert de Martineau, einem Major der Schweizer Armee, aus Dankbarkeit an seine 44 Jahre dauernde Präsidentschaft (1922–1969) beim St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club.
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|Benannt nach Alfonso de Portago (1928–1957), der bei der Bob-Weltmeisterschaft 1957 in St. Moritz mit der Bronzemedaille im Zweierbob die bislang einzige Medaille bei einer Bobweltmeisterschaft für Spanien gewann; er verunglückte nur wenige Wochen später tödlich beim Autorennen Mille Miglia in Italien. Eine Stiftung in seinem Namen ermöglichte den Umbau des unteren Teils der Strecke.
|-
|16.
|(Auslauf)
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>npbyql187u3dgunfyofwbu96g5w38fx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170849</id>
      <parentid>170848</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T14:42:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170849</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7527" sha1="6rqqph9q4cgfhqh09ulx3dr04jkg0it" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms
|-
|1.
|Partenza
|Der Start erfolgt beim Starthaus „Dracula“, dem 1973 von Gunter Sachs gegründeten Dracula-Club.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nzz.ch/articleEPDZ0-1.80546 ''Die Könige von St. Moritz.''] In: ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]].'' 3. Dezember 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Benannt nach der Mauer, die die Kurve begrenzt.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Eine Kurve wie eine Schlange.
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|Der sonnigste Teil der Bahn.
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Benannt nach den britischen Bobpiloten Anthony Nash und Robin Dixon, Goldmedaillengewinner beim Zweierbob bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1964 in Innsbruck, die einzigen Mitglieder auf ewig des St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club.
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Kurve in Hufeisenform.
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Hier war an der ersten Bahn ein Telefon installiert.
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Kleeblatt
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Teufelsdamm-Kurve
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Hier befand sich ein Baum an der kurzen Wand dieser Kurve.
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Nachdem man diese Kurve passiert hat, ist die Eisenbahnbrücke über die weitere Strecke zu sehen.
|-
|12.
|Leap
|
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|Benannt nach Gunter Sachs, dem Präsidenten des St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club von 1969 bis 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|Benannt nach Hubert de Martineau, einem Major der Schweizer Armee, aus Dankbarkeit an seine 44 Jahre dauernde Präsidentschaft (1922–1969) beim St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club.
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|Benannt nach Alfonso de Portago (1928–1957), der bei der Bob-Weltmeisterschaft 1957 in St. Moritz mit der Bronzemedaille im Zweierbob die bislang einzige Medaille bei einer Bobweltmeisterschaft für Spanien gewann; er verunglückte nur wenige Wochen später tödlich beim Autorennen Mille Miglia in Italien. Eine Stiftung in seinem Namen ermöglichte den Umbau des unteren Teils der Strecke.
|-
|16.
|(Auslauf)
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6rqqph9q4cgfhqh09ulx3dr04jkg0it</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170850</id>
      <parentid>170849</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T14:43:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170850</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7536" sha1="0mbu6jeskedvmik6s2nzyv9s93fw2ip" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|Der Start erfolgt beim Starthaus „Dracula“, dem 1973 von Gunter Sachs gegründeten Dracula-Club.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nzz.ch/articleEPDZ0-1.80546 ''Die Könige von St. Moritz.''] In: ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]].'' 3. Dezember 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Benannt nach der Mauer, die die Kurve begrenzt.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Eine Kurve wie eine Schlange.
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|Der sonnigste Teil der Bahn.
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Benannt nach den britischen Bobpiloten Anthony Nash und Robin Dixon, Goldmedaillengewinner beim Zweierbob bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1964 in Innsbruck, die einzigen Mitglieder auf ewig des St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club.
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Kurve in Hufeisenform.
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Hier war an der ersten Bahn ein Telefon installiert.
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Kleeblatt
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Teufelsdamm-Kurve
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Hier befand sich ein Baum an der kurzen Wand dieser Kurve.
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Nachdem man diese Kurve passiert hat, ist die Eisenbahnbrücke über die weitere Strecke zu sehen.
|-
|12.
|Leap
|
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|Benannt nach Gunter Sachs, dem Präsidenten des St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club von 1969 bis 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|Benannt nach Hubert de Martineau, einem Major der Schweizer Armee, aus Dankbarkeit an seine 44 Jahre dauernde Präsidentschaft (1922–1969) beim St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club.
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|Benannt nach Alfonso de Portago (1928–1957), der bei der Bob-Weltmeisterschaft 1957 in St. Moritz mit der Bronzemedaille im Zweierbob die bislang einzige Medaille bei einer Bobweltmeisterschaft für Spanien gewann; er verunglückte nur wenige Wochen später tödlich beim Autorennen Mille Miglia in Italien. Eine Stiftung in seinem Namen ermöglichte den Umbau des unteren Teils der Strecke.
|-
|16.
|(Auslauf)
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0mbu6jeskedvmik6s2nzyv9s93fw2ip</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170851</id>
      <parentid>170850</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:02:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170851</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7286" sha1="t6btzjs644qdf4g8eh28zkdqbnwpyq6" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|„Dracula“, chesa da partenza da'l Club Dracula, fundneu l'an 1973 da Runter Sachs. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: Anthony Nash e Robin Dixon. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da Teufelsdamm.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|Benannt nach Gunter Sachs, dem Präsidenten des St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club von 1969 bis 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|Benannt nach Hubert de Martineau, einem Major der Schweizer Armee, aus Dankbarkeit an seine 44 Jahre dauernde Präsidentschaft (1922–1969) beim St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club.
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|Benannt nach Alfonso de Portago (1928–1957), der bei der Bob-Weltmeisterschaft 1957 in St. Moritz mit der Bronzemedaille im Zweierbob die bislang einzige Medaille bei einer Bobweltmeisterschaft für Spanien gewann; er verunglückte nur wenige Wochen später tödlich beim Autorennen Mille Miglia in Italien. Eine Stiftung in seinem Namen ermöglichte den Umbau des unteren Teils der Strecke.
|-
|16.
|(Auslauf)
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>t6btzjs644qdf4g8eh28zkdqbnwpyq6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170852</id>
      <parentid>170851</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:05:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170852</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7342" sha1="1oi48o56odf34362hmpg2xtfuocytp0" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|„Dracula“, chesa da partenza da'l Club Dracula, fundneu l'an 1973 da Runter Sachs. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: Anthony Nash e Robin Dixon. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da Teufelsdamm.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda da'l seguond president da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». Gunter Sachs d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|Benannt nach Hubert de Martineau, einem Major der Schweizer Armee, aus Dankbarkeit an seine 44 Jahre dauernde Präsidentschaft (1922–1969) beim St. Moritz Bobsleigh Club.
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|Benannt nach Alfonso de Portago (1928–1957), der bei der Bob-Weltmeisterschaft 1957 in St. Moritz mit der Bronzemedaille im Zweierbob die bislang einzige Medaille bei einer Bobweltmeisterschaft für Spanien gewann; er verunglückte nur wenige Wochen später tödlich beim Autorennen Mille Miglia in Italien. Eine Stiftung in seinem Namen ermöglichte den Umbau des unteren Teils der Strecke.
|-
|16.
|(Auslauf)
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1oi48o56odf34362hmpg2xtfuocytp0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170853</id>
      <parentid>170852</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:08:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170853</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7352" sha1="4wjyazjzxr58afvo8geb1u3junmczop" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|„Dracula“, chesa da partenza da'l Club Dracula, fundneu l'an 1973 da Runter Sachs. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: Anthony Nash e Robin Dixon. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da Teufelsdamm.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». Gunter Sachs d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». Hubert de Martinez (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|Benannt nach Alfonso de Portago (1928–1957), der bei der Bob-Weltmeisterschaft 1957 in St. Moritz mit der Bronzemedaille im Zweierbob die bislang einzige Medaille bei einer Bobweltmeisterschaft für Spanien gewann; er verunglückte nur wenige Wochen später tödlich beim Autorennen Mille Miglia in Italien. Eine Stiftung in seinem Namen ermöglichte den Umbau des unteren Teils der Strecke.
|-
|16.
|(Auslauf)
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4wjyazjzxr58afvo8geb1u3junmczop</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170854</id>
      <parentid>170853</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:13:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Indicaziuns da funtaunas */</comment>
      <origin>170854</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7247" sha1="n6jhbm1i98xxg3s0js6n3u286332bsz" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|„Dracula“, chesa da partenza da'l Club Dracula, fundneu l'an 1973 da Runter Sachs. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: Anthony Nash e Robin Dixon. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da Teufelsdamm.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». Gunter Sachs d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». Hubert de Martinez (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'Alfonso de Portago (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunadi da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza es es poch zieva disgrazcho. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho la renovaziun d la part interura da la via da'l bob. 
|-
|16.
|(Auslauf)
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n6jhbm1i98xxg3s0js6n3u286332bsz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170855</id>
      <parentid>170854</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:15:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Indicaziuns da funtaunas */</comment>
      <origin>170855</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7273" sha1="5vs3qo28iwd38rf4gnov0e616ka9new" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da Teufelsdamm.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunadi da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza es es poch zieva disgrazcho. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho la renovaziun d la part interura da la via da'l bob. 
|-
|16.
|(Auslauf)
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5vs3qo28iwd38rf4gnov0e616ka9new</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170856</id>
      <parentid>170855</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:15:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170856</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7297" sha1="1vipkaj9pmty36nycesk8xhsl1u7x4j" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da Teufelsdamm.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunadi da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza es es poch zieva disgrazcho. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho la renovaziun d la part interura da la via da'l bob. 
|-
|16.
|(Auslauf)
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1vipkaj9pmty36nycesk8xhsl1u7x4j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170857</id>
      <parentid>170856</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:18:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Indicaziuns da funtaunas */</comment>
      <origin>170857</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7300" sha1="04pe0etieqmu81pu98py0axtyyto4qs" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da Teufelsdamm.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|(Auslauf)
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>04pe0etieqmu81pu98py0axtyyto4qs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170858</id>
      <parentid>170857</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:19:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Indicaziuns da funtaunas */</comment>
      <origin>170858</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7295" sha1="i5xqd8boqy89xpc289h1aut98eoeh0k" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da Teufelsdamm.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>i5xqd8boqy89xpc289h1aut98eoeh0k</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170859</id>
      <parentid>170858</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:21:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Indicaziuns da funtaunas */</comment>
      <origin>170859</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7377" sha1="8xpx4y02op53vm7yrl4ncrh8ws6j89n" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da Teufelsdamm.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8xpx4y02op53vm7yrl4ncrh8ws6j89n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170860</id>
      <parentid>170859</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:26:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run» */</comment>
      <origin>170860</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7396" sha1="hgok20u4lql3rg2geqzdr1xctr2v38j" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da Teufelsdamm.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hgok20u4lql3rg2geqzdr1xctr2v38j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170861</id>
      <parentid>170860</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:45:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» */</comment>
      <origin>170861</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7832" sha1="i1jz84b3nlpsd5q1gw72ucn1ltwcefq" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint turists da tuot l'Europa u inspiraiva a quels.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da Teufelsdamm.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>i1jz84b3nlpsd5q1gw72ucn1ltwcefq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170862</id>
      <parentid>170861</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:47:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» */</comment>
      <origin>170862</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7810" sha1="khbqzavmwzn6hl6ps7b6rnpkwi91vsj" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da Teufelsdamm.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>khbqzavmwzn6hl6ps7b6rnpkwi91vsj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170863</id>
      <parentid>170862</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:49:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170863</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7817" sha1="jx6wfgc26jhcvvqh21q8s1ycds3gq3b" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
mmslsdjfoawiefowhe
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da diavel-chöntschet.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jx6wfgc26jhcvvqh21q8s1ycds3gq3b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170864</id>
      <parentid>170863</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:56:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170864</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8223" sha1="nbtod51fl6yyz79pbkvfqy8j8ylowb8" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
Minch'an vain la via da bob «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» fabricheda da nouv cun 15'000 meters cubics da naiv e 10'000 meters cubics d'ova. Per que cha la temperatura in l'Engiadin'Ota es avuonda farda, as renunzcha da lavurer cun substanzas da liaschun chemicas. Uschè es la via da bob la pü ecologica da'l muond. Cun la construcziun as cumainza minch'an vers la fin da november, chi düra intuorn trais eivnas. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da diavel-chöntschet.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nbtod51fl6yyz79pbkvfqy8j8ylowb8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170865</id>
      <parentid>170864</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T15:58:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170865</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8349" sha1="9xowsmosj82ja93l2agb4gbky2nbphl" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
Minch'an vain la via da bob «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» fabricheda da nouv cun 15'000 meters cubics da naiv e 10'000 meters cubics d'ova. Per que cha la temperatura in l'Engiadin'Ota es avuonda farda, as renunzcha da lavurer cun substanzas da liaschun chemicas. Uschè es la via da bob la pü ecologica da'l muond. Cun la construcziun as cumainza minch'an vers la fin da november, chi düra intuorn trais eivnas.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahnbau_de Der Bahnbau]''. In: bobclub-st.moritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da diavel-chöntschet.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9xowsmosj82ja93l2agb4gbky2nbphl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170866</id>
      <parentid>170865</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T16:04:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170866</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8563" sha1="62qjee0a6ij7om4aq6p3a7fwv19ip5h" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
Minch'an vain la via da bob «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» fabricheda da nouv cun 15'000 meters cubics da naiv e 10'000 meters cubics d'ova. Per que cha la temperatura in l'Engiadin'Ota es avuonda farda, as renunzcha da lavurer cun substanzas da liaschun chemicas. Uschè es la via da bob la pü ecologica da'l muond. Cun la construcziun as cumainza minch'an vers la fin da november, chi düra intuorn trais eivnas.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahnbau_de Der Bahnbau]''. In: bobclub-st.moritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Mincha stüerta da la via da bob ho survgnia ün nom. Ils noms derivan da l'istorgia da bob. Las stüertas sun marcedas cun numers aint il plan da la via da bob e la tabella suot descriva la derivanza da'ls noms: 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da diavel-chöntschet.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>62qjee0a6ij7om4aq6p3a7fwv19ip5h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170867</id>
      <parentid>170866</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T16:07:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Indicaziuns da funtaunas */</comment>
      <origin>170867</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8634" sha1="cx2afwfghsyg4m55t3e2tp0dntq93zv" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
Minch'an vain la via da bob «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» fabricheda da nouv cun 15'000 meters cubics da naiv e 10'000 meters cubics d'ova. Per que cha la temperatura in l'Engiadin'Ota es avuonda farda, as renunzcha da lavurer cun substanzas da liaschun chemicas. Uschè es la via da bob la pü ecologica da'l muond. Cun la construcziun as cumainza minch'an vers la fin da november, chi düra intuorn trais eivnas.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahnbau_de Der Bahnbau]''. In: bobclub-st.moritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Mincha stüerta da la via da bob ho survgnia ün nom. Ils noms derivan da l'istorgia da bob. Las stüertas sun marcedas cun numers aint il plan da la via da bob e la tabella suot descriva la derivanza da'ls noms: 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da diavel-chöntschet.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Purtrets da stüertas da «Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ==

== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cx2afwfghsyg4m55t3e2tp0dntq93zv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170868</id>
      <parentid>170867</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T16:14:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Purtrets da stüertas da «Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» */</comment>
      <origin>170868</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8946" sha1="jfc1xfip4jickcfd2fsalswi6fxa7w3" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
Minch'an vain la via da bob «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» fabricheda da nouv cun 15'000 meters cubics da naiv e 10'000 meters cubics d'ova. Per que cha la temperatura in l'Engiadin'Ota es avuonda farda, as renunzcha da lavurer cun substanzas da liaschun chemicas. Uschè es la via da bob la pü ecologica da'l muond. Cun la construcziun as cumainza minch'an vers la fin da november, chi düra intuorn trais eivnas.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahnbau_de Der Bahnbau]''. In: bobclub-st.moritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Mincha stüerta da la via da bob ho survgnia ün nom. Ils noms derivan da l'istorgia da bob. Las stüertas sun marcedas cun numers aint il plan da la via da bob e la tabella suot descriva la derivanza da'ls noms: 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da diavel-chöntschet.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Purtrets da stüertas da «Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - sleds and starting line.JPG|Zona da partenza ''Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina''
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - Sunny House.JPG|Sortida ''Sunny Corner''
Datoteca:Bobrun Celerina4.JPG|Stüerta ''Horse-Shoe'' in sted
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jfc1xfip4jickcfd2fsalswi6fxa7w3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170869</id>
      <parentid>170868</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T16:16:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Purtrets da stüertas da «Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» */</comment>
      <origin>170869</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8974" sha1="lezvuh0l9kpqnxs7rcfhues1e9lxfw2" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
Minch'an vain la via da bob «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» fabricheda da nouv cun 15'000 meters cubics da naiv e 10'000 meters cubics d'ova. Per que cha la temperatura in l'Engiadin'Ota es avuonda farda, as renunzcha da lavurer cun substanzas da liaschun chemicas. Uschè es la via da bob la pü ecologica da'l muond. Cun la construcziun as cumainza minch'an vers la fin da november, chi düra intuorn trais eivnas.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahnbau_de Der Bahnbau]''. In: bobclub-st.moritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Mincha stüerta da la via da bob ho survgnia ün nom. Ils noms derivan da l'istorgia da bob. Las stüertas sun marcedas cun numers aint il plan da la via da bob e la tabella suot descriva la derivanza da'ls noms: 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da diavel-chöntschet.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Purtrets da stüertas da «Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - sleds and starting line.JPG|Zona da partenza ''Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina''
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - Sunny House.JPG|Sortida ''Sunny Corner''
Datoteca:Bobrun Celerina4.JPG|Stüerta ''Horse-Shoe'' in sted
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lezvuh0l9kpqnxs7rcfhues1e9lxfw2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170870</id>
      <parentid>170869</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T16:17:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170870</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8974" sha1="33a8yk24a9gzk5owb8548neu7rmymti" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
Minch'an vain la via da bob «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» fabricheda da nouv cun 15'000 meters cubics da naiv e 10'000 meters cubics d'ova. Per que cha la temperatura in l'Engiadin'Ota es avuonda farda, as renunzcha da lavurer cun substanzas da liaschun chemicas. Uschè es la via da bob la pü ecologica da'l muond. Cun la construcziun as cumainza minch'an vers la fin da november, chi düra intuorn trais eivnas.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahnbau_de Der Bahnbau]''. In: bobclub-st.moritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Mincha stüerta da la via da bob ho survgnia ün nom. Ils noms derivan da l'istorgia da bob. Las stüertas sun marcedas cun numers aint il plan da la via da bob e la tabella suot descriva la derivanza da'ls noms: 
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da diavel-chöntschet.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Purtrets da stüertas da «Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - sleds and starting line.JPG|Zona da partenza ''Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina''
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - Sunny House.JPG|Sortida ''Sunny Corner''
Datoteca:Bobrun Celerina4.JPG|Stüerta ''Horse-Shoe'' in sted
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>33a8yk24a9gzk5owb8548neu7rmymti</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170871</id>
      <parentid>170870</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T16:20:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bild-Sprache ha spustà la pagina [[Utilisader:Bild-Sprache/Olimpia Bob Run]] a [[Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina]]</comment>
      <origin>170870</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8974" sha1="33a8yk24a9gzk5owb8548neu7rmymti" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
Minch'an vain la via da bob «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» fabricheda da nouv cun 15'000 meters cubics da naiv e 10'000 meters cubics d'ova. Per que cha la temperatura in l'Engiadin'Ota es avuonda farda, as renunzcha da lavurer cun substanzas da liaschun chemicas. Uschè es la via da bob la pü ecologica da'l muond. Cun la construcziun as cumainza minch'an vers la fin da november, chi düra intuorn trais eivnas.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahnbau_de Der Bahnbau]''. In: bobclub-st.moritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Mincha stüerta da la via da bob ho survgnia ün nom. Ils noms derivan da l'istorgia da bob. Las stüertas sun marcedas cun numers aint il plan da la via da bob e la tabella suot descriva la derivanza da'ls noms: 
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da diavel-chöntschet.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Purtrets da stüertas da «Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - sleds and starting line.JPG|Zona da partenza ''Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina''
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - Sunny House.JPG|Sortida ''Sunny Corner''
Datoteca:Bobrun Celerina4.JPG|Stüerta ''Horse-Shoe'' in sted
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>33a8yk24a9gzk5owb8548neu7rmymti</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170873</id>
      <parentid>170871</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T16:22:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>170873</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9072" sha1="0or8b2o5yc7ce8yuvggqwvtgyimw7p3" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-Schlarigna) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «Cresta Run», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
Minch'an vain la via da bob «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» fabricheda da nouv cun 15'000 meters cubics da naiv e 10'000 meters cubics d'ova. Per que cha la temperatura in l'Engiadin'Ota es avuonda farda, as renunzcha da lavurer cun substanzas da liaschun chemicas. Uschè es la via da bob la pü ecologica da'l muond. Cun la construcziun as cumainza minch'an vers la fin da november, chi düra intuorn trais eivnas.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahnbau_de Der Bahnbau]''. In: bobclub-st.moritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Mincha stüerta da la via da bob ho survgnia ün nom. Ils noms derivan da l'istorgia da bob. Las stüertas sun marcedas cun numers aint il plan da la via da bob e la tabella suot descriva la derivanza da'ls noms: 
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da diavel-chöntschet.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Purtrets da stüertas da «Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - sleds and starting line.JPG|Zona da partenza ''Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina''
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - Sunny House.JPG|Sortida ''Sunny Corner''
Datoteca:Bobrun Celerina4.JPG|Stüerta ''Horse-Shoe'' in sted
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Sport]]
[[Categoria:Engiadin'Ota]]
[[Categoria:Engiadina]]
[[Categoria:San Murezzan]]</text>
      <sha1>0or8b2o5yc7ce8yuvggqwvtgyimw7p3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170874</id>
      <parentid>170873</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T16:24:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
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      <comment>/* Il prüm bob */</comment>
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      <text bytes="9080" sha1="mjrhz72imspor7tdyz2igsvic25cjan" xml:space="preserve">[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-[[Schlarigna]]) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «[[Cresta Run]]», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
Minch'an vain la via da bob «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» fabricheda da nouv cun 15'000 meters cubics da naiv e 10'000 meters cubics d'ova. Per que cha la temperatura in l'Engiadin'Ota es avuonda farda, as renunzcha da lavurer cun substanzas da liaschun chemicas. Uschè es la via da bob la pü ecologica da'l muond. Cun la construcziun as cumainza minch'an vers la fin da november, chi düra intuorn trais eivnas.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahnbau_de Der Bahnbau]''. In: bobclub-st.moritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Mincha stüerta da la via da bob ho survgnia ün nom. Ils noms derivan da l'istorgia da bob. Las stüertas sun marcedas cun numers aint il plan da la via da bob e la tabella suot descriva la derivanza da'ls noms: 
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da diavel-chöntschet.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Purtrets da stüertas da «Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - sleds and starting line.JPG|Zona da partenza ''Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina''
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - Sunny House.JPG|Sortida ''Sunny Corner''
Datoteca:Bobrun Celerina4.JPG|Stüerta ''Horse-Shoe'' in sted
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Sport]]
[[Categoria:Engiadin'Ota]]
[[Categoria:Engiadina]]
[[Categoria:San Murezzan]]</text>
      <sha1>mjrhz72imspor7tdyz2igsvic25cjan</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170877</id>
      <parentid>170874</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T19:58:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>170877</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9089" sha1="j6idjc25my7jhvz8j7jc2clzebdba5b" xml:space="preserve">{{Puter}}[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-[[Schlarigna]]) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «[[Cresta Run]]», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
Minch'an vain la via da bob «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» fabricheda da nouv cun 15'000 meters cubics da naiv e 10'000 meters cubics d'ova. Per que cha la temperatura in l'Engiadin'Ota es avuonda farda, as renunzcha da lavurer cun substanzas da liaschun chemicas. Uschè es la via da bob la pü ecologica da'l muond. Cun la construcziun as cumainza minch'an vers la fin da november, chi düra intuorn trais eivnas.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahnbau_de Der Bahnbau]''. In: bobclub-st.moritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Mincha stüerta da la via da bob ho survgnia ün nom. Ils noms derivan da l'istorgia da bob. Las stüertas sun marcedas cun numers aint il plan da la via da bob e la tabella suot descriva la derivanza da'ls noms: 
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundneu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da diavel-chöntschet.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Purtrets da stüertas da «Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - sleds and starting line.JPG|Zona da partenza ''Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina''
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - Sunny House.JPG|Sortida ''Sunny Corner''
Datoteca:Bobrun Celerina4.JPG|Stüerta ''Horse-Shoe'' in sted
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Sport]]
[[Categoria:Engiadin'Ota]]
[[Categoria:Engiadina]]
[[Categoria:San Murezzan]]</text>
      <sha1>j6idjc25my7jhvz8j7jc2clzebdba5b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>170878</id>
      <parentid>170877</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-13T20:09:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bild-Sprache</username>
        <id>22665</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Via da bob – construcziun e traget */</comment>
      <origin>170878</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9089" sha1="m14x6tlqewrju7aw3u2o49ftzqo4m57" xml:space="preserve">{{Puter}}[[Datoteca:Johannes Martini Bobbahn St Moritz.jpg|miniatura|''Partenza da l'«Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina»'', l'an intuorn 1905. Pittur artist tudas-ch: Johannes Martini (1866–1935). Pittüra: culur d'öli sur taila da glin, 48cm x 62cm. ]]
Il '''Olympia Bob Run''' '''St. Moritz-Celerina''' (in rumauntsch: via da bob olimpica da San Murezzan-[[Schlarigna]]) es üna pista da bob, chi vain ütiliseda daspö l'an 1904 per bob, skeleton scu eir per schlittas da cuorsa ed es la pü veglia pista da bob sül muoand e l'ultima pista fatta our da glatsch natürel.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.stmoritz.com/directory/sport/olympia-bob-run Olympia Bob Run]''. In: stmoritz.com - Kurverein St. Moritz. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Naschentscha ==
L'invenziun da'l sport da bob ed ils sieus cumanzamaints as chatta aint ils prüms ans da'l turissem d'inviern da San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Simon Engel: ''[https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/2021/02/bobsport/ Vom Snobsport zum Bobsport]''. Blog da'l Museum Naziunel Svizzer. Publicho ils 12 farver 2021, acualiso ils 17 december 2025. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026. &lt;/ref&gt; Quist as furmaiva vers la fin da'l 19evel tschienter cun ils giasts esters, chi restaivan regulermaing aint ils hotels nobels a [[San Murezzan]]. Il turissem d'inviern d'eira üna scuvierte nouva in quist temp.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Die «Erfindung» des Wintersports in Graubünden. In: Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 204 fin 208. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Il prüm bob ===
In la stagiun d'inviern da'ls ans 1888/89 avaiva ün turist da cura, ün americaun, purto üna schlitta cun se – üna construcziun americauna cun il nom «toboggan». Quista schlitta nu d'eira fatta our da lain, scu as cugnuschaiva, dimpersè d'eir'la fatta our da metal, uschè cha quella d'eira fich pü svelta. Ün turist britannic d'eira faszino da'l «toboggan»,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; uschè cha quel as avaiva lascho fabricher üna schlitta in simil möd: In la schlitta davaint d'eiran fabrichos aint impü duos cordas per menascher. Quista creaziun britannica d'eira il prüm bob in l'istorgia e da que resultaiva la naschencha d'ün nouv sport d'inviern, nempe la cuorsa da bob – in inglais «bobsleigh»&lt;ref&gt;''[https://cresta-bob-museum-stmoritz.ch/bob/ Die Entwicklung des Bobsleighs]''. In: Cresta Bob Museum San Murezzan. Consulte ils 11 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; – chi chattaiva bainbod grand plaschair traunter ils giasts a San Murezzan.  

=== Via da schlisuler – «Cresta Run» ===
Vias da schlisuler our da glatsch existaivan già in la [[Russia]] ed in la [[Frantscha|Frauntscha]] al cumanzamaint da'ls ans 1880. E bain, üna quista d'eira uossa eir giavüscheda a San Murezzan. Ma sia fabricaziun predetaiva grandas investiziuns e custaiva fich bger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan existaiva ün comitè per divertimaints dadourvart, il «Outdoor Amusements Committee».&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Il patrun da'l Hotel Culm a San Murezzan d'eira in quist temp Johann Badrutt, chi avaiva installo l'an 1879 in sieu hotel la prüma glüsch electrica in Svizra.&lt;ref&gt;Roland Flückiger-Seiler: ''Technische Installationen in den Hotels der Belle Epoque. Die elektrische Beleuchtung.'' In: ''Hotel Paläste – zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit. Schweizer Tourismus und Hotelbau 1830–1920''. Pagina 97. Ediziun: hier + jetzt, ediziun per cultura ed istorgia, Baden 2003. ISBN 3-906419-68-1&lt;/ref&gt; Sün l'iniziativa da'l comitè per divertimaints dadourvart da'l Hotel Culm, es gnida fabricheda in la stagiun d'inviern 1884/85 il «[[Cresta Run]]», üna via da schlisuler fatta our da glatsch. Quista d'eira gnida finanzeda tres donaziuns in munaida: a'ls ball da mascaras da la societed nobla, d'eira piglio sü üna collecta per fabricher il «Cresta Run» ed insembel cun la fabricaziun d'eira gnieu fundo il club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)» a San Murezzan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Prüma via mundiela da bob – «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ===
Per intaunt d'eiran ils bobists scu secziun secundera part da'l club «St.Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC)»&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ed haun fundieu lur egen club ils 21 december 1897&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/125-jahre Der älteste Bobclub feiert sein 125-Jahr-Jubiläum]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt; in l'Hotel Culm a San Murezzan «Bobsleight Club (SMBC)». Quist es il prüm club da bob da'l muond. Seguond il reglamaint duvraiva que eir duonnas in la suprastanza da quist club da bob, uschè cha duos duonnas e trais hommes d'eiran in la suprastanza da'l prüm club da bob mundiel. Equipas masdedas ed equipas da duonnas d'eiran normel aint il sport da bob fin il's ans 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Per la construcziun da la via da bob –&amp;nbsp;la prüma da'l muond – d'eira piglio sü üna collecta intuorn 11'000 francs düraunt üna saira da gala da la societed nobla. Badrutt, il patrun da l'Hotel Culm, sustgnaiva il proget, uschè cha la via da bob pudaiva gnida constrüeda sün il territori spazius da l'Hotel Culm. Ils prüm schner da l'an 1904 pudaiva la via da bob gnida inaugureda cun la prüma cuorsa da bob.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahngeschichte_de Bahngeschichte]''. In: bobclub-stmoritz.ch. Consulte ils 9 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Las cuorsas da bob as proculaiva cun divertimaint, uschè cha'ls derbis dvantaivan evenimaints sociels. Per las squedras da bob d'aiva que premis ed ils spectaturs e las spectaturas pudaivan fer scumissas, plazzer raps per vandscheders potenziels e vandschedras potenzielas. L'occurrenza dvantaiva cumplementeda cun festas exclusivas aint ils hotels nobels e traiva aint giasts da tuot l'Europa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Via da bob – construcziun e traget ==
Minch'an vain la via da bob «Olympia Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» fabricheda da nouv cun 15'000 meters cubics da naiv e 10'000 meters cubics d'ova. Per que cha la temperatura in l'Engiadin'Ota es avuonda farda, as renunzcha da lavurer cun substanzas da liaschun chemicas. Uschè es la via da bob la pü ecologica da'l muond. Cun la construcziun as cumainza minch'an vers la fin da november, chi düra intuorn trais eivnas.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bobclub-stmoritz.ch/bahnbau_de Der Bahnbau]''. In: bobclub-st.moritz.ch. Consulte ils 10 avrigl 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Mincha stüerta da la via da bob ho survgnia ün nom. Ils noms derivan da l'istorgia da bob. Las stüertas sun marcedas cun numers aint il plan da la via da bob e la tabella suot descriva la derivanza da'ls noms: 
[[Datoteca:St. Moritz Bobrun-track map english.svg|miniatura|Carta da la via da bob]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nr. 
!Nom da stagiuns
!Origen da'ls noms da stagiuns e stüertas
|-
|1.
|Partenza:
Dracula
|''Dracula'', chesa da partenza da'l ''Club Dracula'', fundieu l'an 1973 da ''Gunter Sachs''. 
|-
|2.
|Wall Corner
|Il nom deriva da'l mür, chi limita la stüerta.
|-
|3.
|Snake Corner
|Üna stüerta cun la fuorma d'üna serp. 
|-
|4.
|Sunny Corner
|La part la pü sulagliva da la via da bob. 
|-
|5.
|Nash-Dixon Corner
|Il nom deriva da'ls duos pilots da bob: ''Anthony Nash'' e ''Robin Dixon''. Els guadagnaivan or als gös olimpics l'an 1864 a Innsbruck. 
|-
|6.
|Horse-Shoe Corner
|Stüerta cun la fuorma d'ün fer da chavagl. 
|-
|7.
|Telephone Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün telefon. 
|-
|8.
|Shamrock
|Fögl da trais. 
|-
|9.
|Devils Dyke Corner
|Stüerta da diavel-chöntschet.
|-
|10.
|Tree Corner
|Cò as chattaiva pü bod ün bös-ch. 
|-
|11.
|Bridge Corner
|Zieva quista stüerta as vezza la punt da la viafer retica. 
|-
|12.
|Leap
|Cò crouda la via sün üna distanza da 100 meters per dapü scu 20 meters ingiò.
|-
|13.
|Gunter Sachs Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St. Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Gunter Sachs'' d'eira president traunter ils ans 1969 fin 2011.
|-
|14.
|Martineau Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'ün da'ls presidents da'l club «St.Moritz Bobslight Club». ''Hubert de Martinez'' (Magiur da l'armeda Svizra) d'eira president traunter ils ans 1922 fin 1969. 
|-
|15.
|Portago Corner
|La stüerta es numneda d'''Alfonso de Portago'' (1928–1957). El ho guadagno a'l champiunedi mundiel da bob a San Murezzan in la disziplina da bob da duos la medaglia da bronza ed es poch zieva murieu. Üna fundaziun in sieu nom ho finanzcho l'ingrandimaint da la part finela da la via da bob. 
|-
|16.
|Böt
|}

== Purtrets da stüertas da «Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina» ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - sleds and starting line.JPG|Zona da partenza ''Olympic Bob Run St.Moritz-Celerina''
Datoteca:2015 Bobsleigh World Cup in St. Moritz - Sunny House.JPG|Sortida ''Sunny Corner''
Datoteca:Bobrun Celerina4.JPG|Stüerta ''Horse-Shoe'' in sted
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Indicaziuns da funtaunas ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Sport]]
[[Categoria:Engiadin'Ota]]
[[Categoria:Engiadina]]
[[Categoria:San Murezzan]]</text>
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