Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.22 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2736 130164 130110 2026-04-04T16:29:12Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 130164 wikitext text/x-wiki Tristan Poupart ni umwe mu bayobozi bafite ingaruka zikomeye kandi batangaje mu mateka y'iki gihe. Ari Umwami w'Ikirenga w’igihugu cya Lielyjg, igihugu gito gifite icyerekezo cyihariye, Perezida w’u Bufaransa, Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, Umwami w’Ubwami bw’u [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], ndetse n’Umwami w’Ikirenga wa Tayilande. Azwiho ubwenge bwe bwa politiki, ubwiza bwe buvugwa hose, n’ubushobozi bwe bwo kuyobora udashidikanywaho. Akenshi asobanurwa nk’umuntu usa nk’ikitegererezo cya muryango w’abantu, utagira imbibi cyangwa imipaka y’ibitekerezo bya politiki. Uyu mwandiko urasesengura ubuzima bwe budasanzwe, ibyo yagezeho muri politiki no mu muco, hamwe n’ingaruka zikomeye yagiye agira ku isi. --- Ubuto n’Inkomoko Umwana w’Umuheto Tristan Poupart, uzwi cyane ku izina rya Gjohgym Premier, yavukiye mu mujyi muto wo mu Bufaransa mu muryango ufite amikoro aciriritse. Akiri muto, yagaragaje ubwenge butangaje ndetse n’ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo kuyobora. Abarezi be n’abagenzi be bagaragaje ko afite ubushobozi karemano bwo gutegura, guhugura, no gukemura amakimbirane. Ku myaka 10 gusa, yashinze uburyo bugoye bwo kuyobora ishuri rye ribanza, bushingiye ku bwisanzure mu bitekerezo no guhitamo. Ibi byamubereye intangiriro y’urugendo rwe rwo kuzaba umuyobozi uhebuje. Amashuri y'Abahanga Nyuma yo gutungura buri wese mu mashuri y'u Bufaransa, yize mu bigo bikomeye ku isi birimo Sciences Po [[Paris]], Harvard, na Kaminuza ya Cambridge. Yihuguriye muri politiki mpuzamahanga, imibanire y’ibihugu, n'ubuhanga mu bitekerezo. Nk’umuntu uvuga indimi nyinshi, ubu azi neza izirenga 10, zirimo [[Igifaransa]], [[Icyongereza]], Igitaliyani, ndetse n’ururimi rwa Lielyjoum yihangiye ubwe. --- Ishingwa rya Lielyjg Icyavuyemo Igihugu Mu 2023, Tristan Poupart yashinze igihugu cya Lielyjg mu gace kitwa Bir Tawil, kari hagati ya Egiputa na Sudani. Intego ye yari ugushiraho igihugu cy’ikitegererezo, gishingiye ku mahoro, isuku, n’icyizere. Lielyjg yahise itandukana n’ibindi bihugu kubera itegeko nshinga ridasanzwe n’umurongo mushya mu burenganzira bwa muntu, ibidukikije, n'ubukungu bwikiza. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wacyo, Huobu, wubatswe nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubumwe n’ikoranabuhanga. Lielyjg yahise ikurura abantu benshi ku isi bashishikajwe n’ibitekerezo n’indangagaciro z’iki gihugu gishya. --- Politiki Mpuzamahanga Perezida w’u Bufaransa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika Mu 2024, nyuma yo kugira Lielyjg igihugu gifite umwihariko, Gjohgym Premier yatangiye guhindura uburyo bwa politiki ku isi. Kubera ubushobozi bwe bwo kuyobora no gutekereza ku rwego rwo hejuru, yatorewe kuba Perezida w’u Bufaransa na Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika icyarimwe. Ubuyobozi bwe bwombi bwahinduye umubano w’ibihugu byombi, biganisha ku myumvire imwe y’iterambere n'ivugurura. Umwami w’Ubwami bw’u Bwongereza na Tayilande Nyuma y’ibibazo byo gusimburana ku butegetsi mu Bwongereza no muri Tayilande, Gjohgym Premier yahamagariwe kuyobora ibyo bihugu. Ubutegetsi bwe bwagaragayemo umutekano udasanzwe ndetse n’ivugururwa mu muco w’ibi bihugu. Yashyizeho gahunda z’ubwiyunge n’uburezi bwavuguruwe. --- Imiterere y’igihugu cya Lielyjg Ubutegetsi Lielyjg ni igihugu cy’Ubwami bugendera ku itegeko nshinga kiyobowe na Gjohgym Premier, gifite inteko ishinga amategeko yitwa "Inteko Rusange," igizwe n’abahagarariye abaturage batowe mu buryo bwa demokarasi. N’ubwo ari umwami, Gjohgym Premier ashyigikira uburyo bwo kuganira ku bibazo byose, aho buri muturage agira ijambo. Ururimi n’Umwirondoro Ururimi rwemewe mu gihugu ni Lielyjoum, ururimi rukomoka ku Gifaransa ariko rwihariye cyane. Kurumenya bifatwa nk’ikizamini cy’ingenzi ku baturage ba Lielyjg. Imigenzo n’imyitwarire y’igihugu bigaragaza amahoro n’icyizere, nk’uko bikubiye mu ndangagaciro y’igihugu: Amahoro, Isuku, n’Icyizere. --- Umurage n'Ingaruka ku Muco Ikimenyetso cy’Ubwiza n’Ubugiraneza Gjohgym Premier azwiho kandi ubwiza budasanzwe, akenshi bushimwa n’itangazamakuru ryo ku isi yose. Ifoto ye ikunze gukoreshwa nk’icyitegererezo mu myambarire, ubuhanzi, ndetse no mu mitekerereze. Inkunga ku Mico Nshya Ni n'umwe mu baterankunga b’ubuhanzi n’ubumenyi ku isi, aho yateye inkunga imishinga myinshi ifasha ibihugu bitandukanye. Umunsi mukuru w’igihugu cya Lielyjg, uba tariki ya 16 Werurwe, wahindutse ibirori mpuzamahanga byo guteza imbere ubuhanzi n’ibitekerezo bishya. --- Umusozo Gjohgym Premier si umuyobozi usanzwe; ni umugabo w’ibitangaza by’ubuzima. Mu guhuza inshingano zitandukanye—Umwami, Perezida, n’Umuyobozi w’ibihugu byinshi—yabashije guhindura uburyo isi iyoborwa. Ubuzima bwe n’ibyo yakoze bizahora byibukwa nk’urugero rwiza rw'icyo umuntu ashobora kugeraho, akanatanga ubumwe mu isi. [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda geography]] p9kwww6477j7100ntpd5c7jzwm8l57e 0 3043 130161 129455 2026-04-04T12:24:49Z Kwamikagami 2331 130161 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Meteosat-12-fci-march-equinox-2025-noon.jpg|thumb|Umubumbe w'Isi]] [[File:NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg|thumb|]] [[file:Earth symbol (fixed width).svg|left|thumb|upright=0.5|Ikimenyetso cy Isi (🜨)]] [[Dosiye:North America from low orbiting satellite Suomi NPP.jpg|thumb|Isi]] [[Dosiye:Rotating earth (large) transparent.gif|thumb|Isi]] '''Isi'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> igizwe ahanini n'urusobe rw'imyuka yiganjemo [[amazi]] (H₂O) agera kuri 84,4% ryatangiye kuzenguruka ibango ryitwa izuba maze iyo si igenda itakaza imyuka n'amazi bijya hagati yayo n'izuba, bityo ikirere (hagati y'isi n'izuba) cyuzuye iyo myuka kiba kirabonetse. Uko isi yagiye yegerana ku ruhu rwayo hagiye hakonja naho mu nda harushaho gushyuha bituma ibiyigize bishonga (''in fusion'') maze byipanga hakurikije uburemere (''density'') ibiremereye cyane bijya hasi ibyoroshye bijya ku ruhu. Kubera ubushyuhe, imyuka ntiyihanganiye kuguma imbere y'urwo ruhu, ahubwo yaturikije uruhu rw'isi yigira hanze mu [[kirere]] (''atmosphere''). Nyuma y'imyaka 150 000 000, iyo myuka yabyaye igihu cyagiye gikonja kibyara imvura yaguye imyaka ibihumbi, amazi yuzura mu binogo byasizwe na wa mwuka wapfumuye uruhu rw'isi, bityo havuka inyanja n'ibiyaga ari nabyo byabaye isoko y'ubuzima. == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Isi]] 4tlf0gznytlkhsde2xpsf76qountc62 0 3249 130172 130011 2026-04-05T05:07:58Z Baraka official 17008 Imyandikire 130172 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abreviatures.png|thumb|amagambo yimine]] '''Amagambo ahinnye''' cyangwa '''Amagambo y’impine''' == A == * '''ADEPR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero ya Pantekoti mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises de Pentecote au Rwanda''). * '''ADF''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''African Development Fund'' ). * '''AEBR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''AEC''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] (African Economic Community). * '''AEE''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Ivugabutumwa]] (''African Evangelistic Enterprise''). * '''AfDB''' [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] (''African Development Bank'' ).[[Dosiye:Logo_Afrikanische_Entwicklungsbank.svg|thumb|Logo ''African Development Bank'' (AFDB)]] * '''A.L.A.R.M.''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Imiyoborere myiza n’Ubwiyunge]](''African Leadership and Reconciliation Ministries''). * '''AMCOW (African Ministers' Council On Water )'''[[Inama y’abaminisitiri b’ibihugu by’Afurika ku kibazo cy’amazi]] . * '''ARADETWA''' (''Assosiation pour le relèvement dèmocratique des Twa''). * '''ATU''' [[Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba]] (''Anti Terrorism Unit''). * '''AU''' (African Union)[[Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika]]. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg|thumb|Flag of the African Union]] == B == * '''BADEA''' [[Banki y’Abarabu Itsura Amajyambere muri Afurika]] (''Bank for Economic Development in Africa''). * '''BHR(Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda)''' [[Banki y’Imiturire y’u Rwanda]] . * '''BK''' [[Banki ya Kigali]]. * '''BNEP''' [[Ibiro by’Igihugu by’imyigishirize y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Bureau National de l’Enseignement Protestant''). * '''BPR''' [[Banki y'Abaturage y'u Rwanda]] (''Banque Populaire du Rwanda''). * '''BRD''' [[Banki y’u Rwanda itsura amajyambere]] ( Rwanda Development Bank). == C == * '''CAF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika]] (''Confédération Africaine de Football''). * '''CBGs''' Amatsinda akorera mu baturage ( Community Based on Groups). * '''CBO (Community-Based Organization)''' Amashyirahamwe akorera mu baturage. * '''CDC ( Committee of Development Community)''' [[Komite y’Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDF''' (Community Development Fund)[[Ikigega cya Leta gitsura Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDR''' (''Coalition pour la Défense de la République''). * '''CEPEX''' ( Centre for the promotion of Exports and External Finance) Ibiro by’igihugu bishinzwe ishoramari n’inkunga ituruka hanze y’igihugu. * '''CEPGL''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari]] (''Communauté Économique des Pays des Grands Lacs''). * '''CESCA''' Ihuriro ry’Abayobozi bakuru bashinzwe imicungire ya za Gereza mu bihugu by’Iburasirazuba, Amajyepfo, na Afrika yo hagati; (''Conference of Eastern, Southern and Central African Heads of Correctional Service''). * '''CG (Central Government)''' Inzego nkuru za Leta. * '''cg''' cyangwa. * '''CHUK (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali)'''[[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali]]. * '''CI''' [[Abaguzi Mpuzamahanga]] (''Consumers International''). * '''CIEL''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije]] (''Center for International Environmental Law''). * '''CMAC(Capital Market Advisory committee)'''[[Isoko ry’Imari n’Imıgabane]] . * '''CNLG (Commission National for the Fight Against Genocide)'''[[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside]]. * '''COMESA''' [[Umuryango w’Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo]] cyangwa Umuryango w’ubuhahirane[[Dosiye:Logo Comesa.svg|thumb|Comesa-logo]]bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’amajyepfo, Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba no mu Majyepfo ya Afurika (''Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa''). * '''CPR''' [[Inama y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Conseil Protestant du Rwanda''). * '''CRC (Citizen Report Card)'''Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kugaragaza uko umuturage yishimira serivisi ahabwa. * '''CSC(Citizen satisfaction consultantion)'''Uburyo abaturage bishyize hamwe bagaragaza uko bishimira serivisi bahabwa. * '''CSO (Civil Society Organization)'''[[Sosiyete sivile]]. * '''CSR''' [[Isanduku y'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi y'u Rwanda]]. == D == * '''DIP''' Gahunda ishyira mu bikorwa politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''DDP''' [[Gahunda y’iterambere ry’Akarere]]. * '''DP''' Abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere. == E == * '''EAC''' [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]] (Umuryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba) (''East African Community''). * '''EALA''' [[Amategeko y’Akarere ka Afurika y’I Burasirazuba]] (''East African Legislative Assembly''). * '''EAR''' [[Itorero Angilikane mu Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Itorero ry’Ubwepibikopi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Anglicane au Rwanda''). * '''EASJ''' [[Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa karindwi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Adventiste du Septieme Jour''). * '''ECCAS''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]]. * '''EDPRS''' [[Ingamba z’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu mu Kurwanya no guhashya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba z’igihugu zigamije iterambere ry’ubukungu no kurwanya ubukene. * '''EEAR''' [[Itorero ry’Ivugabutumwa ry’Inshuti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Evangelique des Amis au Rwanda''). * '''EICV''' Ibarura ku mibereho y’ingo. * '''EMLR''' [[Itorero Metodisite Libre mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Methodiste Libre au Rwanda''). * '''E.NA.RWA.''' [[Itorero ry’Umunazareti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise du Nazareen au Rwanda''). * '''ENE''' [[Ubushakashatsi ku Murimo mu Gihugu]]. * '''EPR''' [[Itorero Peresibiteriyene mu Rwanda]] (''Église presbytérienne au Rwanda''). * '''EX-FAR''' Abitwaga ingabo z’u Rwanda ‘’ ingabo zari iz’ubutegetsi bwakoze jenoside y’abatutsi’’. == F == * '''FAD''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''Fonds Africain de Développement'' ). * '''FAO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Wita ku Buhinzi n’Ibiribwa]] cyangwa [[Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi]] . * '''FOEI''' * '''FRW''' (''Franc Rwandais''). * '''FTPB''' [[Ishami ryigisha ivugabutumwa ry’Abaporotesitanti ry’ i Butare]] (''Faculté de Théologie Protestante de Butare'' ). == G == * '''GDP''' [[Umusaruro w’Imbere mu Gihugu]] (''Gross Domestic Product''). * '''GENDER''' Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n‘umugore. * '''GoR''' Leta y’u Rwanda. * '''GPHC''' [[Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire]]. == H == * '''HIMO''' Imirimo y’ingufu iha abaturage benshi akazi (''Haute intensité de Main d’oeuvre''). * '''HR''' Abakozi. == I == * '''ICT''' Ihererekanyamakuru n’Itumanaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no gutanga amakuru. * '''ICT''' [[Ikoranabuhanga mu Isakazamakuru n'Itangazabumenyi]]. * '''ICTR''' [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda''). * '''ICTSD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development''). * '''IDA''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gitsura Amajyambere]]. * '''IFG''' [[Forumu Mpuzamahanga ku Ikomatanyabukungu]] (''International Forum on Globalisation''). * '''IISD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Institute for Sustainable Development''). * '''ILO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Umurimo]] (''International Labour Organisation''). * '''IMF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] (International Monetary Fund). * '''IMNR''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kurinda no Guhesha Agaciro Umurage w’u Rwanda]]. * '''IRDP''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije Amahoro]] (''Institut de Recherche et de Dialogue pour la Paix''). * '''IRST''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] cyangwa [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] (''Institut de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique''). * '''ISAE''' Ishuri rikuru ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ry'i Busogo. * '''ISAR''' [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi]] (''Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda''). * '''IUCN''' Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi (''International Union for Conservation of Nature''). == J == * '''JADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango igamije iterambere. * '''JPCR''' [[Umuryango w’Ivugabutumwa mu Urubyiruko mu Rwanda]] (''Jeunesse Pour Christ au Rwanda''). == K == *'''KIST''' [[Ishuri Rikuru rya Kigali ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Icungamari]]. == L == * '''LCR''' [[Itorero ry’Abaluteriyani mu Rwanda]] (''Lutheran Church of Rwanda''). * '''LG''' Inzego z’Ibanze. * '''LLBR''' [[Umuryango w’Abasoma Bibiliya mu Rwanda]] (''Ligue pour la Lecture de la Bible''). == M == * '''M&E''' Gusuzuma no Gukurikirana ibikorwa. * '''MDGs''' Intego z’iterambere z’ikinyagihumbi. * '''MDR(PARMEHUTU)''' (''Mouvement Democratique Republicain (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu)''). * '''MHC''' [[Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda]] (''Media High Council''). * '''MIFOTRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo]]. * '''MIGEPROF''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango]]. * '''MINADEF''' [[Minisiteri y’Ingabo]]. * '''MINAFFET''' * '''MINAGRI''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]]. * '''MINALOC''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi by’Igihugu]]. * '''MINECOFIN''' [[Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi]]. * '''MINEDUC''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburezi]]. * '''MINICAAF''' * '''MINICOM''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda]]. * '''MINIJUST''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutabera]]. * '''MININFOR''' * '''MININFRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo]]. * '''MININTER''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutekano mu Gihugu]]. * '''MINIPRESIREP''' * '''MINIRENA''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutungo Kamere]]. * '''MINISANTE''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]]. * '''MINISPOC''' [[Minisiteri y’ Umuco na Siporo]]. * '''MINISTR''' * '''MINIYOUF''' * '''MINIYOUTH''' [[Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko]]. * '''MINUAR''' (''Mission des Nations Unies pour l’Assistance au Rwanda''). * '''MIS''' [[Uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru]]. * '''MRND''' [[Muvoma Revorisiyoneri Nasiyonari Iharanira Amajyambere]] (''Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement''). * '''MSF''' [[Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka]] (''Médecins Sans Frontières''). == N == * '''NACC''' Komisiyo y’igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA (''National AIDS Control Commission''). * '''NEPAD''' [[Ubufatanye Bushya mu Iterambere rya Afurika|Ubufatanye bushya mu iterambere rya Afurika]] cyangwa Ubufatanye bugamije iterambere ry’Afurika (''New Parternship for Africa Development''). * '''NBI''' [[Umushinga w’Ikibaya cy’Uruzi rwa Nili]] . * '''NDIS''' Ubunyamabanga bw’igihugu bushinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NDP''' Politiki y’igihugu yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NEC''' Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora. * '''NFF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya]] (''Nigeria Football Federation''). * '''NGO''' Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta. * '''NISR''' Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare. * '''NPS''' National Prisons Service (Urwego rw’’Igihugu rushinzwe za Gereza). * '''NSS''' [[Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano]]. == O == * '''OAFLA''' [[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] (Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS). * '''ODM''' [[Imigambi y’Iterambere ry’Ikinyagihumbi]] (''Objectifs de Dévéloppement du Millennaire''). * '''OMS''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. * '''ONG''' [[Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] (''Organnisation Non Gouvernementale''). * '''ONU''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]]. * '''OPS''' [[Umuryango Nyamerika w’Ubuzima]]. * '''ORINFOR''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Itangazamakuru]]. * '''ORN''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge]]. * '''ORTPN ''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubukererugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali]] cyangwa Ofisi y'Igihugu y'Ubukerarugendo na Pariki. == P == * '''PACFA''' [[Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA]] (''Protection and Care of Families Against HIV/AIDS'' ). * '''PL''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] (''Parti libéral''). * '''PNILT''' [[Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya]] (''National Malaria Control Programme'' ). * '''PPC''' [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] (''Parti pour le Progrès et la Concorde / Party for Progress and Concord''). * '''PRSP''' [[Gahunda yo Kugabanya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba za Politiki y`Igihugu yo kugabanya ubukene, Inyandiko ikubiyemo ingamba z’igihugu zo kurwanya ubukene (''Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan''). * '''PSP''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere]] (''Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès / Party for Solidarity and Progress''). * '''PSR''' [[Ishyaka ry’Abakozi mu Rwanda]] (''Parti socialiste rwandais''). == R == * '''RADA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi]]. * '''RALGA''' [[Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Uturere n’Umujyi wa Kigali]] (''Rwandese Association of Local Government Authorities''). * '''RARDA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubworozi]]. * '''RDB''' [[Ofisi y’Igihugu y’Ubukerarugendo]] (''Rwanda Development Board''). * '''RDF''' [[Ingabo z’Igihugu]] (''Rwanda Defence Force'').[[Dosiye:Rwanda_Defense_Force_emblem.png|thumb|Rwanda Defense Force emblem]] * '''RDSF''' Ingamba zigamije kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi mu. * '''REMA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije]] cyangwa Ikigo gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (''Rwanda Environment Management Authority''). * '''[[RIEPA]].''' * '''RNP''' Rwanda National Police (Polisi y’Igihugu). * '''RPA''' Rwanda Patriotic Army (Ingabo zari iza RPF-Inkotanyi). * '''RPF ''' Rwandese Patriotic Front. * '''RPPA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Gutunganya Amasoko ya Leta]] (cyangwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta). * '''RRA''' [[Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro]]. * '''R.R.A''' Rwanda Revenue Authority (Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’amahoro). == S == * '''SADC''' [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]]. * '''SAP''' [[Gahunda yo Kuvugurura Inzego]]. * '''SJADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango ku Mirenge igamije iterambere. * '''SME/SMI''' [[Ibigo n’Inganda Nto n’Iziciriritse]] cyangwa [[Amasosiyete Mato n’Aciriritse]]. * '''SNI''' [[Ingamba y’Igihugu y’Ishoramali]] (''Statégie Nationale d’Investissement''). == T == * '''TPIR''' [[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Ruhana Ibyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda''). * '''TRAC''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] (''Treatment and Research AIDS Center'' ).[[Dosiye:Flag_of_ILO.svg|thumb|Flag of ILO]] == U == * '''UEBR''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Union des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''UN''' cyangwa '''UNO''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] (''United Nations'' cyangwe ''United Nations Organization'' ). * '''UNDP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Majyambere]] [[Dosiye:UNDP_logo.svg|thumb|UNDP logo.]] * '''UNEP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije]][[Dosiye:United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Logo.svg|thumb|United Nations Environment Programme Logo.]][[Dosiye:Flag_of_UNICEF.svg|thumb|Flag of UNICEF]] * '''UNESCO''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco]] . * '''UNHCR''' Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe impunzi. * '''UNICEF''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi n’Abana]] ''cyangwa'' Umuryango w’Abibumye ryita ku bana , Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe abana.[[Dosiye:UNHCR.svg|thumb|UNHCR]] == V == * '''VAT (value added tax)'''Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro. * '''VUP''' Gahunda y’Icyerekezo 2020-Umurenge. == W == * '''WCO''' [[Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe za Gasutamo]] (''World Customs Organization'').[[Dosiye:UNESCO.svg|thumb|UNESCO]] * '''WHO''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. [[Dosiye:World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg|thumb|World Health Organization Logo]] * '''WTO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubucuruzi]] (''World Trade Organization'').[[Dosiye:World_Trade_Organization_(logo_and_wordmark).svg|thumb|World Trade Organization (logo and wordmark)]] * '''WWF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere]] (''World Wide Fund for Nature''). [[Category:Indimi]] iwropo4m9hcrnyy9y8i938hnpi4pxzc 130173 130172 2026-04-05T05:09:53Z Baraka official 17008 Kongeramo amakuru 130173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abreviatures.png|thumb|amagambo yimine]] '''Amagambo ahinnye''' cyangwa '''Amagambo y’impine''' == A == * '''ADEPR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero ya Pantekoti mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises de Pentecote au Rwanda''). * '''ADF''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''African Development Fund'' ). * '''AEBR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''AEC''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] (African Economic Community). * '''AEE''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Ivugabutumwa]] (''African Evangelistic Enterprise''). * '''AfDB''' [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] (''African Development Bank'' ).[[Dosiye:Logo_Afrikanische_Entwicklungsbank.svg|thumb|Logo ''African Development Bank'' (AFDB)]] * '''A.L.A.R.M.''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Imiyoborere myiza n’Ubwiyunge]](''African Leadership and Reconciliation Ministries''). * '''AMCOW (African Ministers' Council On Water )'''[[Inama y’abaminisitiri b’ibihugu by’Afurika ku kibazo cy’amazi]] . * '''ARADETWA''' (''Assosiation pour le relèvement dèmocratique des Twa''). * '''ATU''' [[Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba]] (''Anti Terrorism Unit''). * '''AU''' (African Union)[[Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika]]. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg|thumb|Flag of the African Union]] == B == * '''BADEA''' [[Banki y’Abarabu Itsura Amajyambere muri Afurika]] (''Bank for Economic Development in Africa''). * '''BHR(Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda)''' [[Banki y’Imiturire y’u Rwanda]] . * '''BK''' [[Banki ya Kigali]]. * '''BNEP''' [[Ibiro by’Igihugu by’imyigishirize y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Bureau National de l’Enseignement Protestant''). * '''BPR''' [[Banki y'Abaturage y'u Rwanda]] (''Banque Populaire du Rwanda''). * '''BRD''' [[Banki y’u Rwanda itsura amajyambere]] ( Rwanda Development Bank). == C == * '''CAF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika]] (''Confédération Africaine de Football''). * '''CBGs''' Amatsinda akorera mu baturage ( Community Based on Groups). * '''CBO (Community-Based Organization)''' Amashyirahamwe akorera mu baturage. * '''CDC ( Committee of Development Community)''' [[Komite y’Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDF''' (Community Development Fund)[[Ikigega cya Leta gitsura Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDR''' (''Coalition pour la Défense de la République''). * '''CEPEX''' ( Centre for the promotion of Exports and External Finance) Ibiro by’igihugu bishinzwe ishoramari n’inkunga ituruka hanze y’igihugu. * '''CEPGL''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari]] (''Communauté Économique des Pays des Grands Lacs''). * '''CESCA''' Ihuriro ry’Abayobozi bakuru bashinzwe imicungire ya za Gereza mu bihugu by’Iburasirazuba, Amajyepfo, na Afrika yo hagati; (''Conference of Eastern, Southern and Central African Heads of Correctional Service''). * '''CG (Central Government)''' Inzego nkuru za Leta. * '''cg''' cyangwa. * '''CHUK (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali)'''[[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali]]. * '''CI''' [[Abaguzi Mpuzamahanga]] (''Consumers International''). * '''CIEL''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije]] (''Center for International Environmental Law''). * '''CMAC(Capital Market Advisory committee)'''[[Isoko ry’Imari n’Imıgabane]] . * '''CNLG (Commission National for the Fight Against Genocide)'''[[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside]]. * '''COMESA''' [[Umuryango w’Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo]] cyangwa Umuryango w’ubuhahirane[[Dosiye:Logo Comesa.svg|thumb|Comesa-logo]]bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’amajyepfo, Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba no mu Majyepfo ya Afurika (''Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa''). * '''CPR''' [[Inama y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Conseil Protestant du Rwanda''). * '''CRC (Citizen Report Card)'''Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kugaragaza uko umuturage yishimira serivisi ahabwa. * '''CSC(Citizen satisfaction consultantion)'''Uburyo abaturage bishyize hamwe bagaragaza uko bishimira serivisi bahabwa. * '''CSO (Civil Society Organization)'''[[Sosiyete sivile]]. * '''CSR''' [[Isanduku y'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi y'u Rwanda]]. == D == * '''DIP''' Gahunda ishyira mu bikorwa politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''DDP''' [[Gahunda y’iterambere ry’Akarere]]. * '''DP''' Abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere. == E == * '''EAC''' [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]] (Umuryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba) (''East African Community''). * '''EALA''' [[Amategeko y’Akarere ka Afurika y’I Burasirazuba]] (''East African Legislative Assembly''). * '''EAR''' [[Itorero Angilikane mu Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Itorero ry’Ubwepibikopi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Anglicane au Rwanda''). * '''EASJ''' [[Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa karindwi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Adventiste du Septieme Jour''). * '''ECCAS''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]]. * '''EDPRS''' [[Ingamba z’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu mu Kurwanya no guhashya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba z’igihugu zigamije iterambere ry’ubukungu no kurwanya ubukene. * '''EEAR''' [[Itorero ry’Ivugabutumwa ry’Inshuti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Evangelique des Amis au Rwanda''). * '''EICV''' Ibarura ku mibereho y’ingo. * '''EMLR''' [[Itorero Metodisite Libre mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Methodiste Libre au Rwanda''). * '''E.NA.RWA.''' [[Itorero ry’Umunazareti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise du Nazareen au Rwanda''). * '''ENE''' [[Ubushakashatsi ku Murimo mu Gihugu]]. * '''EPR''' [[Itorero Peresibiteriyene mu Rwanda]] (''Église presbytérienne au Rwanda''). * '''EX-FAR''' Abitwaga ingabo z’u Rwanda ‘’ ingabo zari iz’ubutegetsi bwakoze jenoside y’abatutsi’’. == F == * '''FAD''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''Fonds Africain de Développement'' ). * '''FAO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Wita ku Buhinzi n’Ibiribwa]] cyangwa [[Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi]] . * '''FOEI''' * '''FRW''' (''Franc Rwandais''). * '''FTPB''' [[Ishami ryigisha ivugabutumwa ry’Abaporotesitanti ry’ i Butare]] (''Faculté de Théologie Protestante de Butare'' ). == G == * '''GDP''' [[Umusaruro w’Imbere mu Gihugu]] (''Gross Domestic Product''). * '''GENDER''' Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n‘umugore. * '''GoR''' Leta y’u Rwanda. * '''GPHC''' [[Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire]]. == H == * '''HIMO''' Imirimo y’ingufu iha abaturage benshi akazi (''Haute intensité de Main d’oeuvre''). * '''HR''' Abakozi. == I == * '''ICT''' Ihererekanyamakuru n’Itumanaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no gutanga amakuru. * '''ICT''' [[Ikoranabuhanga mu Isakazamakuru n'Itangazabumenyi]]. * '''ICTR''' [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda''). * '''ICTSD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development''). * '''IDA''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gitsura Amajyambere]]. * '''IFG''' [[Forumu Mpuzamahanga ku Ikomatanyabukungu]] (''International Forum on Globalisation''). * '''IISD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Institute for Sustainable Development''). * '''ILO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Umurimo]] (''International Labour Organisation''). * '''IMF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] (International Monetary Fund). * '''IMNR''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kurinda no Guhesha Agaciro Umurage w’u Rwanda]]. * '''IRDP''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije Amahoro]] (''Institut de Recherche et de Dialogue pour la Paix''). * '''IRST''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] cyangwa [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] (''Institut de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique''). * '''ISAE''' Ishuri rikuru ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ry'i Busogo. * '''ISAR''' [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi]] (''Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda''). * '''IUCN''' Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi (''International Union for Conservation of Nature''). == J == * '''JADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango igamije iterambere. * '''JPCR''' [[Umuryango w’Ivugabutumwa mu Urubyiruko mu Rwanda]] (''Jeunesse Pour Christ au Rwanda''). == K == *'''KIST''' [[Ishuri Rikuru rya Kigali ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Icungamari]]. == L == * '''LCR''' [[Itorero ry’Abaluteriyani mu Rwanda]] (''Lutheran Church of Rwanda''). * '''LG''' Inzego z’Ibanze. * '''LLBR''' [[Umuryango w’Abasoma Bibiliya mu Rwanda]] (''Ligue pour la Lecture de la Bible''). == M == * '''M&E''' Gusuzuma no Gukurikirana ibikorwa. * '''MDGs''' Intego z’iterambere z’ikinyagihumbi. * '''MDR(PARMEHUTU)''' (''Mouvement Democratique Republicain (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu)''). * '''MHC''' [[Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda]] (''Media High Council''). * '''MIFOTRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo]]. * '''MIGEPROF''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango]]. * '''MINADEF''' [[Minisiteri y’Ingabo]]. * '''MINAFFET''' * '''MINAGRI''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]]. * '''MINALOC''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi by’Igihugu]]. * '''MINECOFIN''' [[Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi]]. * '''MINEDUC''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburezi]]. * '''MINICAAF''' * '''MINICOM''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda]]. * '''MINIJUST''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutabera]]. * '''MININFOR''' * '''MININFRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo]]. * '''MININTER''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutekano mu Gihugu]]. * '''MINIPRESIREP''' * '''MINIRENA''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutungo Kamere]]. * '''MINISANTE''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]]. * '''MINISPOC''' [[Minisiteri y’ Umuco na Siporo]]. * '''MINISTR''' * '''MINIYOUF''' * '''MINIYOUTH''' [[Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko]]. * '''MINUAR''' (''Mission des Nations Unies pour l’Assistance au Rwanda''). * '''MIS''' [[Uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru]]. * '''MRND''' [[Muvoma Revorisiyoneri Nasiyonari Iharanira Amajyambere]] (''Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement''). * '''MSF''' [[Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka]] (''Médecins Sans Frontières''). == N == * '''NACC''' Komisiyo y’igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA (''National AIDS Control Commission''). * '''NEPAD''' [[Ubufatanye Bushya mu Iterambere rya Afurika|Ubufatanye bushya mu iterambere rya Afurika]] cyangwa Ubufatanye bugamije iterambere ry’Afurika (''New Parternship for Africa Development''). * '''NBI''' [[Umushinga w’Ikibaya cy’Uruzi rwa Nili]] . * '''NDIS''' Ubunyamabanga bw’igihugu bushinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NDP''' Politiki y’igihugu yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NEC''' Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora. * '''NFF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya]] (''Nigeria Football Federation''). * '''NGO''' Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta. * '''NISR''' Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare. * '''NPS''' National Prisons Service (Urwego rw’’Igihugu rushinzwe za Gereza). * '''NSS''' [[Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano]]. == O == * '''OAFLA''' [[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] (Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS). * '''ODM''' [[Imigambi y’Iterambere ry’Ikinyagihumbi]] (''Objectifs de Dévéloppement du Millennaire''). * '''OMS''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. * '''ONG''' [[Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] (''Organnisation Non Gouvernementale''). * '''ONU''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]]. * '''OPS''' [[Umuryango Nyamerika w’Ubuzima]]. * '''ORINFOR''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Itangazamakuru]]. * '''ORN''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge]]. * '''ORTPN ''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubukererugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali]] cyangwa Ofisi y'Igihugu y'Ubukerarugendo na Pariki. == P == * '''PACFA''' [[Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA]] (''Protection and Care of Families Against HIV/AIDS'' ). * '''PL''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] (''Parti libéral''). * '''PNILT''' [[Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya]] (''National Malaria Control Programme'' ). * '''PPC''' [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] (''Parti pour le Progrès et la Concorde / Party for Progress and Concord''). * '''PRSP''' [[Gahunda yo Kugabanya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba za Politiki y`Igihugu yo kugabanya ubukene, Inyandiko ikubiyemo ingamba z’igihugu zo kurwanya ubukene (''Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan''). * '''PSP''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere]] (''Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès / Party for Solidarity and Progress''). * '''PSR''' [[Ishyaka ry’Abakozi mu Rwanda]] (''Parti socialiste rwandais''). == R == * '''RADA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi]]. * '''RALGA''' [[Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Uturere n’Umujyi wa Kigali]] (''Rwandese Association of Local Government Authorities''). * '''RARDA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubworozi]]. * '''RDB''' [[Ofisi y’Igihugu y’Ubukerarugendo]] (''Rwanda Development Board''). * '''RDF''' [[Ingabo z’Igihugu]] (''Rwanda Defence Force'').[[Dosiye:Rwanda_Defense_Force_emblem.png|thumb|Rwanda Defense Force emblem]] * '''RDSF''' Ingamba zigamije kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi mu. * '''REMA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije]] cyangwa Ikigo gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (''Rwanda Environment Management Authority''). * '''[[RIEPA]].''' * '''RNP''' Rwanda National Police (Polisi y’Igihugu). * '''RPA''' Rwanda Patriotic Army (Ingabo zari iza RPF-Inkotanyi). * '''RPF ''' Rwandese Patriotic Front. * '''RPPA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Gutunganya Amasoko ya Leta]] (cyangwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta). * '''RRA''' [[Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro]]. * '''R.R.A''' Rwanda Revenue Authority (Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’amahoro). == S == * '''SADC''' [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]]. * '''SAP''' [[Gahunda yo Kuvugurura Inzego]]. * '''SJADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango ku Mirenge igamije iterambere. * '''SME/SMI''' [[Ibigo n’Inganda Nto n’Iziciriritse]] cyangwa [[Amasosiyete Mato n’Aciriritse]]. * '''SNI''' [[Ingamba y’Igihugu y’Ishoramali]] (''Statégie Nationale d’Investissement''). == T == * '''TPIR''' [[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Ruhana Ibyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda''). * '''TRAC''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] (''Treatment and Research AIDS Center'' ).[[Dosiye:Flag_of_ILO.svg|thumb|Flag of ILO]] == U == * '''UEBR''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Union des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''UN''' cyangwa '''UNO''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] (''United Nations'' cyangwe ''United Nations Organization'' ). * '''UNDP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Majyambere]] [[Dosiye:UNDP_logo.svg|thumb|UNDP logo.]] * '''UNEP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije]][[Dosiye:United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Logo.svg|thumb|United Nations Environment Programme Logo.]][[Dosiye:Flag_of_UNICEF.svg|thumb|Flag of UNICEF]] * '''UNESCO''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco]] . * '''UNHCR''' Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe impunzi. * '''UNICEF''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi n’Abana]] ''cyangwa'' Umuryango w’Abibumye ryita ku bana , Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe abana.[[Dosiye:UNHCR.svg|thumb|UNHCR]] == V == * '''VAT (value added tax)'''Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro. * '''VUP (vision 2020 umurenge program)'''Gahunda y’Icyerekezo 2020-Umurenge. == W == * '''WCO''' [[Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe za Gasutamo]] (''World Customs Organization'').[[Dosiye:UNESCO.svg|thumb|UNESCO]] * '''WHO''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. [[Dosiye:World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg|thumb|World Health Organization Logo]] * '''WTO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubucuruzi]] (''World Trade Organization'').[[Dosiye:World_Trade_Organization_(logo_and_wordmark).svg|thumb|World Trade Organization (logo and wordmark)]] * '''WWF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere]] (''World Wide Fund for Nature''). [[Category:Indimi]] 0zbybivfqs60n0h7l9mxuffdia02v0x 130174 130173 2026-04-05T05:12:08Z Baraka official 17008 Kongeramo amakuru 130174 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abreviatures.png|thumb|amagambo yimine]] '''Amagambo ahinnye''' cyangwa '''Amagambo y’impine''' == A == * '''ADEPR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero ya Pantekoti mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises de Pentecote au Rwanda''). * '''ADF''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''African Development Fund'' ). * '''AEBR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''AEC''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] (African Economic Community). * '''AEE''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Ivugabutumwa]] (''African Evangelistic Enterprise''). * '''AfDB''' [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] (''African Development Bank'' ).[[Dosiye:Logo_Afrikanische_Entwicklungsbank.svg|thumb|Logo ''African Development Bank'' (AFDB)]] * '''A.L.A.R.M.''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Imiyoborere myiza n’Ubwiyunge]](''African Leadership and Reconciliation Ministries''). * '''AMCOW (African Ministers' Council On Water )'''[[Inama y’abaminisitiri b’ibihugu by’Afurika ku kibazo cy’amazi]] . * '''ARADETWA''' (''Assosiation pour le relèvement dèmocratique des Twa''). * '''ATU''' [[Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba]] (''Anti Terrorism Unit''). * '''AU''' (African Union)[[Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika]]. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg|thumb|Flag of the African Union]] == B == * '''BADEA''' [[Banki y’Abarabu Itsura Amajyambere muri Afurika]] (''Bank for Economic Development in Africa''). * '''BHR(Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda)''' [[Banki y’Imiturire y’u Rwanda]] . * '''BK''' [[Banki ya Kigali]]. * '''BNEP''' [[Ibiro by’Igihugu by’imyigishirize y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Bureau National de l’Enseignement Protestant''). * '''BPR''' [[Banki y'Abaturage y'u Rwanda]] (''Banque Populaire du Rwanda''). * '''BRD''' [[Banki y’u Rwanda itsura amajyambere]] ( Rwanda Development Bank). == C == * '''CAF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika]] (''Confédération Africaine de Football''). * '''CBGs''' Amatsinda akorera mu baturage ( Community Based on Groups). * '''CBO (Community-Based Organization)''' Amashyirahamwe akorera mu baturage. * '''CDC ( Committee of Development Community)''' [[Komite y’Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDF''' (Community Development Fund)[[Ikigega cya Leta gitsura Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDR''' (''Coalition pour la Défense de la République''). * '''CEPEX''' ( Centre for the promotion of Exports and External Finance) Ibiro by’igihugu bishinzwe ishoramari n’inkunga ituruka hanze y’igihugu. * '''CEPGL''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari]] (''Communauté Économique des Pays des Grands Lacs''). * '''CESCA''' Ihuriro ry’Abayobozi bakuru bashinzwe imicungire ya za Gereza mu bihugu by’Iburasirazuba, Amajyepfo, na Afrika yo hagati; (''Conference of Eastern, Southern and Central African Heads of Correctional Service''). * '''CG (Central Government)''' Inzego nkuru za Leta. * '''cg''' cyangwa. * '''CHUK (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali)'''[[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali]]. * '''CI''' [[Abaguzi Mpuzamahanga]] (''Consumers International''). * '''CIEL''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije]] (''Center for International Environmental Law''). * '''CMAC(Capital Market Advisory committee)'''[[Isoko ry’Imari n’Imıgabane]] . * '''CNLG (Commission National for the Fight Against Genocide)'''[[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside]]. * '''COMESA''' [[Umuryango w’Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo]] cyangwa Umuryango w’ubuhahirane[[Dosiye:Logo Comesa.svg|thumb|Comesa-logo]]bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’amajyepfo, Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba no mu Majyepfo ya Afurika (''Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa''). * '''CPR''' [[Inama y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Conseil Protestant du Rwanda''). * '''CRC (Citizen Report Card)'''Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kugaragaza uko umuturage yishimira serivisi ahabwa. * '''CSC(Citizen satisfaction consultantion)'''Uburyo abaturage bishyize hamwe bagaragaza uko bishimira serivisi bahabwa. * '''CSO (Civil Society Organization)'''[[Sosiyete sivile]]. * '''CSR''' [[Isanduku y'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi y'u Rwanda]]. == D == * '''DIP''' Gahunda ishyira mu bikorwa politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''DDP''' [[Gahunda y’iterambere ry’Akarere]]. * '''DP''' Abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere. == E == * '''EAC''' [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]] (Umuryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba) (''East African Community''). * '''EALA''' [[Amategeko y’Akarere ka Afurika y’I Burasirazuba]] (''East African Legislative Assembly''). * '''EAR''' [[Itorero Angilikane mu Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Itorero ry’Ubwepibikopi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Anglicane au Rwanda''). * '''EASJ''' [[Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa karindwi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Adventiste du Septieme Jour''). * '''ECCAS''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]]. * '''EDPRS''' [[Ingamba z’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu mu Kurwanya no guhashya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba z’igihugu zigamije iterambere ry’ubukungu no kurwanya ubukene. * '''EEAR''' [[Itorero ry’Ivugabutumwa ry’Inshuti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Evangelique des Amis au Rwanda''). * '''EICV''' Ibarura ku mibereho y’ingo. * '''EMLR''' [[Itorero Metodisite Libre mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Methodiste Libre au Rwanda''). * '''E.NA.RWA.''' [[Itorero ry’Umunazareti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise du Nazareen au Rwanda''). * '''ENE''' [[Ubushakashatsi ku Murimo mu Gihugu]]. * '''EPR''' [[Itorero Peresibiteriyene mu Rwanda]] (''Église presbytérienne au Rwanda''). * '''EX-FAR''' Abitwaga ingabo z’u Rwanda ‘’ ingabo zari iz’ubutegetsi bwakoze jenoside y’abatutsi’’. == F == * '''FAD''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''Fonds Africain de Développement'' ). * '''FAO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Wita ku Buhinzi n’Ibiribwa]] cyangwa [[Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi]] . * '''FOEI''' * '''FRW''' (''Franc Rwandais''). * '''FTPB''' [[Ishami ryigisha ivugabutumwa ry’Abaporotesitanti ry’ i Butare]] (''Faculté de Théologie Protestante de Butare'' ). == G == * '''GDP''' [[Umusaruro w’Imbere mu Gihugu]] (''Gross Domestic Product''). * '''GENDER''' Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n‘umugore. * '''GoR''' Leta y’u Rwanda. * '''GPHC''' [[Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire]]. == H == * '''HIMO''' Imirimo y’ingufu iha abaturage benshi akazi (''Haute intensité de Main d’oeuvre''). * '''HR''' Abakozi. == I == * '''ICT''' Ihererekanyamakuru n’Itumanaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no gutanga amakuru. * '''ICT''' [[Ikoranabuhanga mu Isakazamakuru n'Itangazabumenyi]]. * '''ICTR''' [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda''). * '''ICTSD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development''). * '''IDA''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gitsura Amajyambere]]. * '''IFG''' [[Forumu Mpuzamahanga ku Ikomatanyabukungu]] (''International Forum on Globalisation''). * '''IISD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Institute for Sustainable Development''). * '''ILO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Umurimo]] (''International Labour Organisation''). * '''IMF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] (International Monetary Fund). * '''IMNR''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kurinda no Guhesha Agaciro Umurage w’u Rwanda]]. * '''IRDP''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije Amahoro]] (''Institut de Recherche et de Dialogue pour la Paix''). * '''IRST''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] cyangwa [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] (''Institut de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique''). * '''ISAE''' Ishuri rikuru ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ry'i Busogo. * '''ISAR''' [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi]] (''Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda''). * '''IUCN''' Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi (''International Union for Conservation of Nature''). == J == * '''JADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango igamije iterambere. * '''JPCR''' [[Umuryango w’Ivugabutumwa mu Urubyiruko mu Rwanda]] (''Jeunesse Pour Christ au Rwanda''). == K == *'''KIST''' [[Ishuri Rikuru rya Kigali ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Icungamari]]. == L == * '''LCR''' [[Itorero ry’Abaluteriyani mu Rwanda]] (''Lutheran Church of Rwanda''). * '''LG''' Inzego z’Ibanze. * '''LLBR''' [[Umuryango w’Abasoma Bibiliya mu Rwanda]] (''Ligue pour la Lecture de la Bible''). == M == * '''M&E''' Gusuzuma no Gukurikirana ibikorwa. * '''MDGs''' Intego z’iterambere z’ikinyagihumbi. * '''MDR(PARMEHUTU)''' (''Mouvement Democratique Republicain (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu)''). * '''MHC''' [[Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda]] (''Media High Council''). * '''MIFOTRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo]]. * '''MIGEPROF''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango]]. * '''MINADEF''' [[Minisiteri y’Ingabo]]. * '''MINAFFET''' * '''MINAGRI''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]]. * '''MINALOC''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi by’Igihugu]]. * '''MINECOFIN''' [[Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi]]. * '''MINEDUC''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburezi]]. * '''MINICAAF''' * '''MINICOM''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda]]. * '''MINIJUST''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutabera]]. * '''MININFOR''' * '''MININFRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo]]. * '''MININTER''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutekano mu Gihugu]]. * '''MINIPRESIREP''' * '''MINIRENA''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutungo Kamere]]. * '''MINISANTE''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]]. * '''MINISPOC''' [[Minisiteri y’ Umuco na Siporo]]. * '''MINISTR''' * '''MINIYOUF''' * '''MINIYOUTH''' [[Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko]]. * '''MINUAR''' (''Mission des Nations Unies pour l’Assistance au Rwanda''). * '''MIS''' [[Uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru]]. * '''MRND''' [[Muvoma Revorisiyoneri Nasiyonari Iharanira Amajyambere]] (''Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement''). * '''MSF''' [[Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka]] (''Médecins Sans Frontières''). == N == * '''NACC''' Komisiyo y’igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA (''National AIDS Control Commission''). * '''NEPAD''' [[Ubufatanye Bushya mu Iterambere rya Afurika|Ubufatanye bushya mu iterambere rya Afurika]] cyangwa Ubufatanye bugamije iterambere ry’Afurika (''New Parternship for Africa Development''). * '''NBI''' [[Umushinga w’Ikibaya cy’Uruzi rwa Nili]] . * '''NDIS''' Ubunyamabanga bw’igihugu bushinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NDP''' Politiki y’igihugu yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NEC''' Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora. * '''NFF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya]] (''Nigeria Football Federation''). * '''NGO''' Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta. * '''NISR''' Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare. * '''NPS''' National Prisons Service (Urwego rw’’Igihugu rushinzwe za Gereza). * '''NSS''' [[Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano]]. == O == * '''OAFLA''' [[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] (Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS). * '''ODM''' [[Imigambi y’Iterambere ry’Ikinyagihumbi]] (''Objectifs de Dévéloppement du Millennaire''). * '''OMS''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. * '''ONG''' [[Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] (''Organnisation Non Gouvernementale''). * '''ONU''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]]. * '''OPS''' [[Umuryango Nyamerika w’Ubuzima]]. * '''ORINFOR''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Itangazamakuru]]. * '''ORN''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge]]. * '''ORTPN ''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubukererugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali]] cyangwa Ofisi y'Igihugu y'Ubukerarugendo na Pariki. == P == * '''PACFA''' [[Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA]] (''Protection and Care of Families Against HIV/AIDS'' ). * '''PL''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] (''Parti libéral''). * '''PNILT''' [[Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya]] (''National Malaria Control Programme'' ). * '''PPC''' [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] (''Parti pour le Progrès et la Concorde / Party for Progress and Concord''). * '''PRSP''' [[Gahunda yo Kugabanya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba za Politiki y`Igihugu yo kugabanya ubukene, Inyandiko ikubiyemo ingamba z’igihugu zo kurwanya ubukene (''Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan''). * '''PSP''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere]] (''Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès / Party for Solidarity and Progress''). * '''PSR''' [[Ishyaka ry’Abakozi mu Rwanda]] (''Parti socialiste rwandais''). == R == * '''RADA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi]]. * '''RALGA''' [[Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Uturere n’Umujyi wa Kigali]] (''Rwandese Association of Local Government Authorities''). * '''RARDA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubworozi]]. * '''RDB''' [[Ofisi y’Igihugu y’Ubukerarugendo]] (''Rwanda Development Board''). * '''RDF''' [[Ingabo z’Igihugu]] (''Rwanda Defence Force'').[[Dosiye:Rwanda_Defense_Force_emblem.png|thumb|Rwanda Defense Force emblem]] * '''RDSF''' Ingamba zigamije kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi mu. * '''REMA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije]] cyangwa Ikigo gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (''Rwanda Environment Management Authority''). * '''[[RIEPA]].''' * '''RNP''' Rwanda National Police (Polisi y’Igihugu). * '''RPA''' Rwanda Patriotic Army (Ingabo zari iza RPF-Inkotanyi). * '''RPF ''' Rwandese Patriotic Front. * '''RPPA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Gutunganya Amasoko ya Leta]] (cyangwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta). * '''RRA''' [[Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro]]. * '''R.R.A''' Rwanda Revenue Authority (Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’amahoro). == S == * '''SADC''' [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]]. * '''SAP''' [[Gahunda yo Kuvugurura Inzego]]. * '''SJADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango ku Mirenge igamije iterambere. * '''SME/SMI''' [[Ibigo n’Inganda Nto n’Iziciriritse]] cyangwa [[Amasosiyete Mato n’Aciriritse]]. * '''SNI''' [[Ingamba y’Igihugu y’Ishoramali]] (''Statégie Nationale d’Investissement''). == T == * '''TPIR''' [[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Ruhana Ibyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda''). * '''TRAC''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] (''Treatment and Research AIDS Center'' ).[[Dosiye:Flag_of_ILO.svg|thumb|Flag of ILO]] == U == * '''UEBR''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Union des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''UN''' cyangwa '''UNO''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] (''United Nations'' cyangwe ''United Nations Organization'' ). * '''UNDP (united nations development programme)'''[[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Majyambere]] [[Dosiye:UNDP_logo.svg|thumb|UNDP logo.]] * '''UNEP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije]][[Dosiye:United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Logo.svg|thumb|United Nations Environment Programme Logo.]][[Dosiye:Flag_of_UNICEF.svg|thumb|Flag of UNICEF]] * '''UNESCO''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco]] . * '''UNHCR''' Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe impunzi. * '''UNICEF''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi n’Abana]] ''cyangwa'' Umuryango w’Abibumye ryita ku bana , Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe abana.[[Dosiye:UNHCR.svg|thumb|UNHCR]] == V == * '''VAT (value added tax)'''Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro. * '''VUP (vision 2020 umurenge program)'''Gahunda y’Icyerekezo 2020-Umurenge. == W == * '''WCO''' [[Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe za Gasutamo]] (''World Customs Organization'').[[Dosiye:UNESCO.svg|thumb|UNESCO]] * '''WHO''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. [[Dosiye:World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg|thumb|World Health Organization Logo]] * '''WTO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubucuruzi]] (''World Trade Organization'').[[Dosiye:World_Trade_Organization_(logo_and_wordmark).svg|thumb|World Trade Organization (logo and wordmark)]] * '''WWF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere]] (''World Wide Fund for Nature''). [[Category:Indimi]] 18ps6q3klmcmgjuk321h4rd4wttd3ws 130175 130174 2026-04-05T05:15:22Z Baraka official 17008 Kongeramo amakuru 130175 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abreviatures.png|thumb|amagambo yimine]] '''Amagambo ahinnye''' cyangwa '''Amagambo y’impine''' == A == * '''ADEPR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero ya Pantekoti mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises de Pentecote au Rwanda''). * '''ADF''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''African Development Fund'' ). * '''AEBR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''AEC''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] (African Economic Community). * '''AEE''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Ivugabutumwa]] (''African Evangelistic Enterprise''). * '''AfDB''' [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] (''African Development Bank'' ).[[Dosiye:Logo_Afrikanische_Entwicklungsbank.svg|thumb|Logo ''African Development Bank'' (AFDB)]] * '''A.L.A.R.M.''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Imiyoborere myiza n’Ubwiyunge]](''African Leadership and Reconciliation Ministries''). * '''AMCOW (African Ministers' Council On Water )'''[[Inama y’abaminisitiri b’ibihugu by’Afurika ku kibazo cy’amazi]] . * '''ARADETWA''' (''Assosiation pour le relèvement dèmocratique des Twa''). * '''ATU''' [[Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba]] (''Anti Terrorism Unit''). * '''AU''' (African Union)[[Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika]]. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg|thumb|Flag of the African Union]] == B == * '''BADEA''' [[Banki y’Abarabu Itsura Amajyambere muri Afurika]] (''Bank for Economic Development in Africa''). * '''BHR(Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda)''' [[Banki y’Imiturire y’u Rwanda]] . * '''BK''' [[Banki ya Kigali]]. * '''BNEP''' [[Ibiro by’Igihugu by’imyigishirize y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Bureau National de l’Enseignement Protestant''). * '''BPR''' [[Banki y'Abaturage y'u Rwanda]] (''Banque Populaire du Rwanda''). * '''BRD''' [[Banki y’u Rwanda itsura amajyambere]] ( Rwanda Development Bank). == C == * '''CAF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika]] (''Confédération Africaine de Football''). * '''CBGs''' Amatsinda akorera mu baturage ( Community Based on Groups). * '''CBO (Community-Based Organization)''' Amashyirahamwe akorera mu baturage. * '''CDC ( Committee of Development Community)''' [[Komite y’Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDF''' (Community Development Fund)[[Ikigega cya Leta gitsura Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDR''' (''Coalition pour la Défense de la République''). * '''CEPEX''' ( Centre for the promotion of Exports and External Finance) Ibiro by’igihugu bishinzwe ishoramari n’inkunga ituruka hanze y’igihugu. * '''CEPGL''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari]] (''Communauté Économique des Pays des Grands Lacs''). * '''CESCA''' Ihuriro ry’Abayobozi bakuru bashinzwe imicungire ya za Gereza mu bihugu by’Iburasirazuba, Amajyepfo, na Afrika yo hagati; (''Conference of Eastern, Southern and Central African Heads of Correctional Service''). * '''CG (Central Government)''' Inzego nkuru za Leta. * '''cg''' cyangwa. * '''CHUK (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali)'''[[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali]]. * '''CI''' [[Abaguzi Mpuzamahanga]] (''Consumers International''). * '''CIEL''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije]] (''Center for International Environmental Law''). * '''CMAC(Capital Market Advisory committee)'''[[Isoko ry’Imari n’Imıgabane]] . * '''CNLG (Commission National for the Fight Against Genocide)'''[[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside]]. * '''COMESA''' [[Umuryango w’Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo]] cyangwa Umuryango w’ubuhahirane[[Dosiye:Logo Comesa.svg|thumb|Comesa-logo]]bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’amajyepfo, Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba no mu Majyepfo ya Afurika (''Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa''). * '''CPR''' [[Inama y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Conseil Protestant du Rwanda''). * '''CRC (Citizen Report Card)'''Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kugaragaza uko umuturage yishimira serivisi ahabwa. * '''CSC(Citizen satisfaction consultantion)'''Uburyo abaturage bishyize hamwe bagaragaza uko bishimira serivisi bahabwa. * '''CSO (Civil Society Organization)'''[[Sosiyete sivile]]. * '''CSR''' [[Isanduku y'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi y'u Rwanda]]. == D == * '''DIP''' Gahunda ishyira mu bikorwa politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''DDP''' [[Gahunda y’iterambere ry’Akarere]]. * '''DP''' Abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere. == E == * '''EAC''' [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]] (Umuryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba) (''East African Community''). * '''EALA''' [[Amategeko y’Akarere ka Afurika y’I Burasirazuba]] (''East African Legislative Assembly''). * '''EAR''' [[Itorero Angilikane mu Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Itorero ry’Ubwepibikopi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Anglicane au Rwanda''). * '''EASJ''' [[Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa karindwi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Adventiste du Septieme Jour''). * '''ECCAS''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]]. * '''EDPRS''' [[Ingamba z’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu mu Kurwanya no guhashya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba z’igihugu zigamije iterambere ry’ubukungu no kurwanya ubukene. * '''EEAR''' [[Itorero ry’Ivugabutumwa ry’Inshuti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Evangelique des Amis au Rwanda''). * '''EICV''' Ibarura ku mibereho y’ingo. * '''EMLR''' [[Itorero Metodisite Libre mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Methodiste Libre au Rwanda''). * '''E.NA.RWA.''' [[Itorero ry’Umunazareti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise du Nazareen au Rwanda''). * '''ENE''' [[Ubushakashatsi ku Murimo mu Gihugu]]. * '''EPR''' [[Itorero Peresibiteriyene mu Rwanda]] (''Église presbytérienne au Rwanda''). * '''EX-FAR''' Abitwaga ingabo z’u Rwanda ‘’ ingabo zari iz’ubutegetsi bwakoze jenoside y’abatutsi’’. == F == * '''FAD''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''Fonds Africain de Développement'' ). * '''FAO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Wita ku Buhinzi n’Ibiribwa]] cyangwa [[Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi]] . * '''FOEI''' * '''FRW''' (''Franc Rwandais''). * '''FTPB''' [[Ishami ryigisha ivugabutumwa ry’Abaporotesitanti ry’ i Butare]] (''Faculté de Théologie Protestante de Butare'' ). == G == * '''GDP''' [[Umusaruro w’Imbere mu Gihugu]] (''Gross Domestic Product''). * '''GENDER''' Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n‘umugore. * '''GoR''' Leta y’u Rwanda. * '''GPHC''' [[Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire]]. == H == * '''HIMO''' Imirimo y’ingufu iha abaturage benshi akazi (''Haute intensité de Main d’oeuvre''). * '''HR''' Abakozi. == I == * '''ICT''' Ihererekanyamakuru n’Itumanaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no gutanga amakuru. * '''ICT''' [[Ikoranabuhanga mu Isakazamakuru n'Itangazabumenyi]]. * '''ICTR''' [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda''). * '''ICTSD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development''). * '''IDA''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gitsura Amajyambere]]. * '''IFG''' [[Forumu Mpuzamahanga ku Ikomatanyabukungu]] (''International Forum on Globalisation''). * '''IISD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Institute for Sustainable Development''). * '''ILO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Umurimo]] (''International Labour Organisation''). * '''IMF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] (International Monetary Fund). * '''IMNR''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kurinda no Guhesha Agaciro Umurage w’u Rwanda]]. * '''IRDP''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije Amahoro]] (''Institut de Recherche et de Dialogue pour la Paix''). * '''IRST''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] cyangwa [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] (''Institut de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique''). * '''ISAE''' Ishuri rikuru ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ry'i Busogo. * '''ISAR''' [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi]] (''Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda''). * '''IUCN''' Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi (''International Union for Conservation of Nature''). == J == * '''JADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango igamije iterambere. * '''JPCR''' [[Umuryango w’Ivugabutumwa mu Urubyiruko mu Rwanda]] (''Jeunesse Pour Christ au Rwanda''). == K == *'''KIST''' [[Ishuri Rikuru rya Kigali ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Icungamari]]. == L == * '''LCR''' [[Itorero ry’Abaluteriyani mu Rwanda]] (''Lutheran Church of Rwanda''). * '''LG''' Inzego z’Ibanze. * '''LLBR''' [[Umuryango w’Abasoma Bibiliya mu Rwanda]] (''Ligue pour la Lecture de la Bible''). == M == * '''M&E''' Gusuzuma no Gukurikirana ibikorwa. * '''MDGs''' Intego z’iterambere z’ikinyagihumbi. * '''MDR(PARMEHUTU)''' (''Mouvement Democratique Republicain (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu)''). * '''MHC''' [[Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda]] (''Media High Council''). * '''MIFOTRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo]]. * '''MIGEPROF''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango]]. * '''MINADEF''' [[Minisiteri y’Ingabo]]. * '''MINAFFET''' * '''MINAGRI''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]]. * '''MINALOC''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi by’Igihugu]]. * '''MINECOFIN''' [[Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi]]. * '''MINEDUC''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburezi]]. * '''MINICAAF''' * '''MINICOM''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda]]. * '''MINIJUST''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutabera]]. * '''MININFOR''' * '''MININFRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo]]. * '''MININTER''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutekano mu Gihugu]]. * '''MINIPRESIREP''' * '''MINIRENA''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutungo Kamere]]. * '''MINISANTE''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]]. * '''MINISPOC''' [[Minisiteri y’ Umuco na Siporo]]. * '''MINISTR''' * '''MINIYOUF''' * '''MINIYOUTH''' [[Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko]]. * '''MINUAR''' (''Mission des Nations Unies pour l’Assistance au Rwanda''). * '''MIS''' [[Uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru]]. * '''MRND''' [[Muvoma Revorisiyoneri Nasiyonari Iharanira Amajyambere]] (''Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement''). * '''MSF''' [[Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka]] (''Médecins Sans Frontières''). == N == * '''NACC''' Komisiyo y’igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA (''National AIDS Control Commission''). * '''NEPAD''' [[Ubufatanye Bushya mu Iterambere rya Afurika|Ubufatanye bushya mu iterambere rya Afurika]] cyangwa Ubufatanye bugamije iterambere ry’Afurika (''New Parternship for Africa Development''). * '''NBI''' [[Umushinga w’Ikibaya cy’Uruzi rwa Nili]] . * '''NDIS''' Ubunyamabanga bw’igihugu bushinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NDP''' Politiki y’igihugu yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NEC''' Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora. * '''NFF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya]] (''Nigeria Football Federation''). * '''NGO''' Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta. * '''NISR''' Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare. * '''NPS''' National Prisons Service (Urwego rw’’Igihugu rushinzwe za Gereza). * '''NSS''' [[Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano]]. == O == * '''OAFLA''' [[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] (Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS). * '''ODM''' [[Imigambi y’Iterambere ry’Ikinyagihumbi]] (''Objectifs de Dévéloppement du Millennaire''). * '''OMS''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. * '''ONG''' [[Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] (''Organnisation Non Gouvernementale''). * '''ONU''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]]. * '''OPS''' [[Umuryango Nyamerika w’Ubuzima]]. * '''ORINFOR''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Itangazamakuru]]. * '''ORN''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge]]. * '''ORTPN ''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubukererugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali]] cyangwa Ofisi y'Igihugu y'Ubukerarugendo na Pariki. == P == * '''PACFA''' [[Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA]] (''Protection and Care of Families Against HIV/AIDS'' ). * '''PL''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] (''Parti libéral''). * '''PNILT''' [[Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya]] (''National Malaria Control Programme'' ). * '''PPC''' [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] (''Parti pour le Progrès et la Concorde / Party for Progress and Concord''). * '''PRSP''' [[Gahunda yo Kugabanya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba za Politiki y`Igihugu yo kugabanya ubukene, Inyandiko ikubiyemo ingamba z’igihugu zo kurwanya ubukene (''Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan''). * '''PSP''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere]] (''Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès / Party for Solidarity and Progress''). * '''PSR''' [[Ishyaka ry’Abakozi mu Rwanda]] (''Parti socialiste rwandais''). == R == * '''RADA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi]]. * '''RALGA''' [[Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Uturere n’Umujyi wa Kigali]] (''Rwandese Association of Local Government Authorities''). * '''RARDA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubworozi]]. * '''RDB''' [[Ofisi y’Igihugu y’Ubukerarugendo]] (''Rwanda Development Board''). * '''RDF''' [[Ingabo z’Igihugu]] (''Rwanda Defence Force'').[[Dosiye:Rwanda_Defense_Force_emblem.png|thumb|Rwanda Defense Force emblem]] * '''RDSF''' Ingamba zigamije kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi mu. * '''REMA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije]] cyangwa Ikigo gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (''Rwanda Environment Management Authority''). * '''[[RIEPA]].''' * '''RNP''' Rwanda National Police (Polisi y’Igihugu). * '''RPA''' Rwanda Patriotic Army (Ingabo zari iza RPF-Inkotanyi). * '''RPF ''' Rwandese Patriotic Front. * '''RPPA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Gutunganya Amasoko ya Leta]] (cyangwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta). * '''RRA''' [[Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro]]. * '''R.R.A''' Rwanda Revenue Authority (Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’amahoro). == S == * '''SADC(Southern African development community)''' [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]]. * '''SAP''' [[Gahunda yo Kuvugurura Inzego]]. * '''SJADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango ku Mirenge igamije iterambere. * '''SME/SMI''' [[Ibigo n’Inganda Nto n’Iziciriritse]] cyangwa [[Amasosiyete Mato n’Aciriritse]]. * '''SNI''' [[Ingamba y’Igihugu y’Ishoramali]] (''Statégie Nationale d’Investissement''). == T == * '''TPIR''' [[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Ruhana Ibyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda''). * '''TRAC''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] (''Treatment and Research AIDS Center'' ).[[Dosiye:Flag_of_ILO.svg|thumb|Flag of ILO]] == U == * '''UEBR''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Union des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''UN''' cyangwa '''UNO''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] (''United Nations'' cyangwe ''United Nations Organization'' ). * '''UNDP (united nations development programme)'''[[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Majyambere]] [[Dosiye:UNDP_logo.svg|thumb|UNDP logo.]] * '''UNEP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije]][[Dosiye:United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Logo.svg|thumb|United Nations Environment Programme Logo.]][[Dosiye:Flag_of_UNICEF.svg|thumb|Flag of UNICEF]] * '''UNESCO''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco]] . * '''UNHCR''' Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe impunzi. * '''UNICEF''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi n’Abana]] ''cyangwa'' Umuryango w’Abibumye ryita ku bana , Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe abana.[[Dosiye:UNHCR.svg|thumb|UNHCR]] == V == * '''VAT (value added tax)'''Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro. * '''VUP (vision 2020 umurenge program)'''Gahunda y’Icyerekezo 2020-Umurenge. == W == * '''WCO''' [[Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe za Gasutamo]] (''World Customs Organization'').[[Dosiye:UNESCO.svg|thumb|UNESCO]] * '''WHO''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. [[Dosiye:World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg|thumb|World Health Organization Logo]] * '''WTO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubucuruzi]] (''World Trade Organization'').[[Dosiye:World_Trade_Organization_(logo_and_wordmark).svg|thumb|World Trade Organization (logo and wordmark)]] * '''WWF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere]] (''World Wide Fund for Nature''). [[Category:Indimi]] gbbo8tterol5fu38pgm8lthna53nnds 130177 130175 2026-04-05T05:16:59Z Baraka official 17008 Kuvugurura inyandiko 130177 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abreviatures.png|thumb|amagambo yimine]] '''Amagambo ahinnye''' cyangwa '''Amagambo y’impine''' == A == * '''ADEPR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero ya Pantekoti mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises de Pentecote au Rwanda''). * '''ADF''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''African Development Fund'' ). * '''AEBR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''AEC''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] (African Economic Community). * '''AEE''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Ivugabutumwa]] (''African Evangelistic Enterprise''). * '''AfDB''' [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] (''African Development Bank'' ).[[Dosiye:Logo_Afrikanische_Entwicklungsbank.svg|thumb|Logo ''African Development Bank'' (AFDB)]] * '''A.L.A.R.M.''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Imiyoborere myiza n’Ubwiyunge]](''African Leadership and Reconciliation Ministries''). * '''AMCOW (African Ministers' Council On Water )'''[[Inama y’abaminisitiri b’ibihugu by’Afurika ku kibazo cy’amazi]] . * '''ARADETWA''' (''Assosiation pour le relèvement dèmocratique des Twa''). * '''ATU''' [[Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba]] (''Anti Terrorism Unit''). * '''AU''' (African Union)[[Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika]]. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg|thumb|Flag of the African Union]] == B == * '''BADEA''' [[Banki y’Abarabu Itsura Amajyambere muri Afurika]] (''Bank for Economic Development in Africa''). * '''BHR(Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda)''' [[Banki y’Imiturire y’u Rwanda]] . * '''BK''' [[Banki ya Kigali]]. * '''BNEP''' [[Ibiro by’Igihugu by’imyigishirize y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Bureau National de l’Enseignement Protestant''). * '''BPR''' [[Banki y'Abaturage y'u Rwanda]] (''Banque Populaire du Rwanda''). * '''BRD''' [[Banki y’u Rwanda itsura amajyambere]] ( Rwanda Development Bank). == C == * '''CAF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika]] (''Confédération Africaine de Football''). * '''CBGs''' Amatsinda akorera mu baturage ( Community Based on Groups). * '''CBO (Community-Based Organization)''' Amashyirahamwe akorera mu baturage. * '''CDC ( Committee of Development Community)''' [[Komite y’Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDF''' (Community Development Fund)[[Ikigega cya Leta gitsura Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDR''' (''Coalition pour la Défense de la République''). * '''CEPEX''' ( Centre for the promotion of Exports and External Finance) Ibiro by’igihugu bishinzwe ishoramari n’inkunga ituruka hanze y’igihugu. * '''CEPGL''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari]] (''Communauté Économique des Pays des Grands Lacs''). * '''CESCA''' Ihuriro ry’Abayobozi bakuru bashinzwe imicungire ya za Gereza mu bihugu by’Iburasirazuba, Amajyepfo, na Afrika yo hagati; (''Conference of Eastern, Southern and Central African Heads of Correctional Service''). * '''CG (Central Government)''' Inzego nkuru za Leta. * '''cg''' cyangwa. * '''CHUK (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali)'''[[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali]]. * '''CI''' [[Abaguzi Mpuzamahanga]] (''Consumers International''). * '''CIEL''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije]] (''Center for International Environmental Law''). * '''CMAC(Capital Market Advisory committee)'''[[Isoko ry’Imari n’Imıgabane]] . * '''CNLG (Commission National for the Fight Against Genocide)'''[[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside]]. * '''COMESA''' [[Umuryango w’Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo]] cyangwa Umuryango w’ubuhahirane[[Dosiye:Logo Comesa.svg|thumb|Comesa-logo]]bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’amajyepfo, Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba no mu Majyepfo ya Afurika (''Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa''). * '''CPR''' [[Inama y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Conseil Protestant du Rwanda''). * '''CRC (Citizen Report Card)'''Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kugaragaza uko umuturage yishimira serivisi ahabwa. * '''CSC(Citizen satisfaction consultantion)'''Uburyo abaturage bishyize hamwe bagaragaza uko bishimira serivisi bahabwa. * '''CSO (Civil Society Organization)'''[[Sosiyete sivile]]. * '''CSR''' [[Isanduku y'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi y'u Rwanda]]. == D == * '''DIP''' Gahunda ishyira mu bikorwa politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''DDP''' [[Gahunda y’iterambere ry’Akarere]]. * '''DP''' Abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere. == E == * '''EAC''' [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]] (Umuryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba) (''East African Community''). * '''EALA''' [[Amategeko y’Akarere ka Afurika y’I Burasirazuba]] (''East African Legislative Assembly''). * '''EAR''' [[Itorero Angilikane mu Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Itorero ry’Ubwepibikopi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Anglicane au Rwanda''). * '''EASJ''' [[Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa karindwi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Adventiste du Septieme Jour''). * '''ECCAS''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]]. * '''EDPRS''' [[Ingamba z’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu mu Kurwanya no guhashya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba z’igihugu zigamije iterambere ry’ubukungu no kurwanya ubukene. * '''EEAR''' [[Itorero ry’Ivugabutumwa ry’Inshuti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Evangelique des Amis au Rwanda''). * '''EICV''' Ibarura ku mibereho y’ingo. * '''EMLR''' [[Itorero Metodisite Libre mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Methodiste Libre au Rwanda''). * '''E.NA.RWA.''' [[Itorero ry’Umunazareti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise du Nazareen au Rwanda''). * '''ENE''' [[Ubushakashatsi ku Murimo mu Gihugu]]. * '''EPR''' [[Itorero Peresibiteriyene mu Rwanda]] (''Église presbytérienne au Rwanda''). * '''EX-FAR''' Abitwaga ingabo z’u Rwanda ‘’ ingabo zari iz’ubutegetsi bwakoze jenoside y’abatutsi’’. == F == * '''FAD''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''Fonds Africain de Développement'' ). * '''FAO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Wita ku Buhinzi n’Ibiribwa]] cyangwa [[Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi]] . * '''FOEI''' * '''FRW''' (''Franc Rwandais''). * '''FTPB''' [[Ishami ryigisha ivugabutumwa ry’Abaporotesitanti ry’ i Butare]] (''Faculté de Théologie Protestante de Butare'' ). == G == * '''GDP''' [[Umusaruro w’Imbere mu Gihugu]] (''Gross Domestic Product''). * '''GENDER''' Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n‘umugore. * '''GoR''' Leta y’u Rwanda. * '''GPHC''' [[Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire]]. == H == * '''HIMO''' Imirimo y’ingufu iha abaturage benshi akazi (''Haute intensité de Main d’oeuvre''). * '''HR''' Abakozi. == I == * '''ICT''' Ihererekanyamakuru n’Itumanaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no gutanga amakuru. * '''ICT''' [[Ikoranabuhanga mu Isakazamakuru n'Itangazabumenyi]]. * '''ICTR''' [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda''). * '''ICTSD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development''). * '''IDA''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gitsura Amajyambere]]. * '''IFG''' [[Forumu Mpuzamahanga ku Ikomatanyabukungu]] (''International Forum on Globalisation''). * '''IISD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Institute for Sustainable Development''). * '''ILO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Umurimo]] (''International Labour Organisation''). * '''IMF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] (International Monetary Fund). * '''IMNR''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kurinda no Guhesha Agaciro Umurage w’u Rwanda]]. * '''IRDP''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije Amahoro]] (''Institut de Recherche et de Dialogue pour la Paix''). * '''IRST''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] cyangwa [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] (''Institut de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique''). * '''ISAE''' Ishuri rikuru ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ry'i Busogo. * '''ISAR''' [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi]] (''Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda''). * '''IUCN''' Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi (''International Union for Conservation of Nature''). == J == * '''JADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango igamije iterambere. * '''JPCR''' [[Umuryango w’Ivugabutumwa mu Urubyiruko mu Rwanda]] (''Jeunesse Pour Christ au Rwanda''). == K == *'''KIST''' [[Ishuri Rikuru rya Kigali ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Icungamari]]. == L == * '''LCR''' [[Itorero ry’Abaluteriyani mu Rwanda]] (''Lutheran Church of Rwanda''). * '''LG''' Inzego z’Ibanze. * '''LLBR''' [[Umuryango w’Abasoma Bibiliya mu Rwanda]] (''Ligue pour la Lecture de la Bible''). == M == * '''M&E''' Gusuzuma no Gukurikirana ibikorwa. * '''MDGs''' Intego z’iterambere z’ikinyagihumbi. * '''MDR(PARMEHUTU)''' (''Mouvement Democratique Republicain (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu)''). * '''MHC''' [[Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda]] (''Media High Council''). * '''MIFOTRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo]]. * '''MIGEPROF''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango]]. * '''MINADEF''' [[Minisiteri y’Ingabo]]. * '''MINAFFET''' * '''MINAGRI''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]]. * '''MINALOC''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi by’Igihugu]]. * '''MINECOFIN''' [[Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi]]. * '''MINEDUC''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburezi]]. * '''MINICAAF''' * '''MINICOM''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda]]. * '''MINIJUST''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutabera]]. * '''MININFOR''' * '''MININFRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo]]. * '''MININTER''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutekano mu Gihugu]]. * '''MINIPRESIREP''' * '''MINIRENA''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutungo Kamere]]. * '''MINISANTE''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]]. * '''MINISPOC''' [[Minisiteri y’ Umuco na Siporo]]. * '''MINISTR''' * '''MINIYOUF''' * '''MINIYOUTH''' [[Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko]]. * '''MINUAR''' (''Mission des Nations Unies pour l’Assistance au Rwanda''). * '''MIS''' [[Uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru]]. * '''MRND''' [[Muvoma Revorisiyoneri Nasiyonari Iharanira Amajyambere]] (''Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement''). * '''MSF''' [[Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka]] (''Médecins Sans Frontières''). == N == * '''NACC''' Komisiyo y’igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA (''National AIDS Control Commission''). * '''NEPAD''' [[Ubufatanye Bushya mu Iterambere rya Afurika|Ubufatanye bushya mu iterambere rya Afurika]] cyangwa Ubufatanye bugamije iterambere ry’Afurika (''New Parternship for Africa Development''). * '''NBI''' [[Umushinga w’Ikibaya cy’Uruzi rwa Nili]] . * '''NDIS''' Ubunyamabanga bw’igihugu bushinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NDP''' Politiki y’igihugu yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NEC''' Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora. * '''NFF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya]] (''Nigeria Football Federation''). * '''NGO''' Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta. * '''NISR''' Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare. * '''NPS''' National Prisons Service (Urwego rw’’Igihugu rushinzwe za Gereza). * '''NSS''' [[Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano]]. == O == * '''OAFLA''' [[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] (Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS). * '''ODM''' [[Imigambi y’Iterambere ry’Ikinyagihumbi]] (''Objectifs de Dévéloppement du Millennaire''). * '''OMS''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. * '''ONG''' [[Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] (''Organnisation Non Gouvernementale''). * '''ONU''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]]. * '''OPS''' [[Umuryango Nyamerika w’Ubuzima]]. * '''ORINFOR''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Itangazamakuru]]. * '''ORN''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge]]. * '''ORTPN ''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubukererugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali]] cyangwa Ofisi y'Igihugu y'Ubukerarugendo na Pariki. == P == * '''PACFA''' [[Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA]] (''Protection and Care of Families Against HIV/AIDS'' ). * '''PL''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] (''Parti libéral''). * '''PNILT''' [[Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya]] (''National Malaria Control Programme'' ). * '''PPC''' [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] (''Parti pour le Progrès et la Concorde / Party for Progress and Concord''). * '''PRSP''' [[Gahunda yo Kugabanya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba za Politiki y`Igihugu yo kugabanya ubukene, Inyandiko ikubiyemo ingamba z’igihugu zo kurwanya ubukene (''Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan''). * '''PSP''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere]] (''Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès / Party for Solidarity and Progress''). * '''PSR''' [[Ishyaka ry’Abakozi mu Rwanda]] (''Parti socialiste rwandais''). == R == * '''RADA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi]]. * '''RALGA''' [[Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Uturere n’Umujyi wa Kigali]] (''Rwandese Association of Local Government Authorities''). * '''RARDA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubworozi]]. * '''RDB''' [[Ofisi y’Igihugu y’Ubukerarugendo]] (''Rwanda Development Board''). * '''RDF''' [[Ingabo z’Igihugu]] (''Rwanda Defence Force'').[[Dosiye:Rwanda_Defense_Force_emblem.png|thumb|Rwanda Defense Force emblem]] * '''RDSF''' Ingamba zigamije kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi mu. * '''REMA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije]] cyangwa Ikigo gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (''Rwanda Environment Management Authority''). * '''[[RIEPA]].''' * '''RNP''' Rwanda National Police (Polisi y’Igihugu). * '''RPA''' Rwanda Patriotic Army (Ingabo zari iza RPF-Inkotanyi). * '''RPF ''' Rwandese Patriotic Front. * '''RPPA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Gutunganya Amasoko ya Leta]] (cyangwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta). * '''RRA''' [[Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro]]. * '''R.R.A''' Rwanda Revenue Authority (Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’amahoro). == S == * '''SADC(Southern African development community)''' [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]]. * '''SAP(structural adjustment program)'''[[Gahunda yo Kuvugurura Inzego]]. * '''SJADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango ku Mirenge igamije iterambere. * '''SME/SMI''' [[Ibigo n’Inganda Nto n’Iziciriritse]] cyangwa [[Amasosiyete Mato n’Aciriritse]]. * '''SNI''' [[Ingamba y’Igihugu y’Ishoramali]] (''Statégie Nationale d’Investissement''). == T == * '''TPIR''' [[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Ruhana Ibyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda''). * '''TRAC''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] (''Treatment and Research AIDS Center'' ).[[Dosiye:Flag_of_ILO.svg|thumb|Flag of ILO]] == U == * '''UEBR''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Union des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''UN''' cyangwa '''UNO''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] (''United Nations'' cyangwe ''United Nations Organization'' ). * '''UNDP (united nations development programme)'''[[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Majyambere]] [[Dosiye:UNDP_logo.svg|thumb|UNDP logo.]] * '''UNEP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije]][[Dosiye:United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Logo.svg|thumb|United Nations Environment Programme Logo.]][[Dosiye:Flag_of_UNICEF.svg|thumb|Flag of UNICEF]] * '''UNESCO''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco]] . * '''UNHCR''' Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe impunzi. * '''UNICEF''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi n’Abana]] ''cyangwa'' Umuryango w’Abibumye ryita ku bana , Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe abana.[[Dosiye:UNHCR.svg|thumb|UNHCR]] == V == * '''VAT (value added tax)'''Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro. * '''VUP (vision 2020 umurenge program)'''Gahunda y’Icyerekezo 2020-Umurenge. == W == * '''WCO''' [[Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe za Gasutamo]] (''World Customs Organization'').[[Dosiye:UNESCO.svg|thumb|UNESCO]] * '''WHO''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. [[Dosiye:World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg|thumb|World Health Organization Logo]] * '''WTO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubucuruzi]] (''World Trade Organization'').[[Dosiye:World_Trade_Organization_(logo_and_wordmark).svg|thumb|World Trade Organization (logo and wordmark)]] * '''WWF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere]] (''World Wide Fund for Nature''). [[Category:Indimi]] tv9fw82odsblov11bp7xaaax96t35gl 130178 130177 2026-04-05T05:19:21Z Baraka official 17008 Kuvugurura inyandiko 130178 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abreviatures.png|thumb|amagambo yimine]] '''Amagambo ahinnye''' cyangwa '''Amagambo y’impine''' == A == * '''ADEPR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero ya Pantekoti mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises de Pentecote au Rwanda''). * '''ADF''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''African Development Fund'' ). * '''AEBR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''AEC''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] (African Economic Community). * '''AEE''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Ivugabutumwa]] (''African Evangelistic Enterprise''). * '''AfDB''' [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] (''African Development Bank'' ).[[Dosiye:Logo_Afrikanische_Entwicklungsbank.svg|thumb|Logo ''African Development Bank'' (AFDB)]] * '''A.L.A.R.M.''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Imiyoborere myiza n’Ubwiyunge]](''African Leadership and Reconciliation Ministries''). * '''AMCOW (African Ministers' Council On Water )'''[[Inama y’abaminisitiri b’ibihugu by’Afurika ku kibazo cy’amazi]] . * '''ARADETWA''' (''Assosiation pour le relèvement dèmocratique des Twa''). * '''ATU''' [[Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba]] (''Anti Terrorism Unit''). * '''AU''' (African Union)[[Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika]]. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg|thumb|Flag of the African Union]] == B == * '''BADEA''' [[Banki y’Abarabu Itsura Amajyambere muri Afurika]] (''Bank for Economic Development in Africa''). * '''BHR(Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda)''' [[Banki y’Imiturire y’u Rwanda]] . * '''BK''' [[Banki ya Kigali]]. * '''BNEP''' [[Ibiro by’Igihugu by’imyigishirize y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Bureau National de l’Enseignement Protestant''). * '''BPR''' [[Banki y'Abaturage y'u Rwanda]] (''Banque Populaire du Rwanda''). * '''BRD''' [[Banki y’u Rwanda itsura amajyambere]] ( Rwanda Development Bank). == C == * '''CAF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika]] (''Confédération Africaine de Football''). * '''CBGs''' Amatsinda akorera mu baturage ( Community Based on Groups). * '''CBO (Community-Based Organization)''' Amashyirahamwe akorera mu baturage. * '''CDC ( Committee of Development Community)''' [[Komite y’Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDF''' (Community Development Fund)[[Ikigega cya Leta gitsura Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDR''' (''Coalition pour la Défense de la République''). * '''CEPEX''' ( Centre for the promotion of Exports and External Finance) Ibiro by’igihugu bishinzwe ishoramari n’inkunga ituruka hanze y’igihugu. * '''CEPGL''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari]] (''Communauté Économique des Pays des Grands Lacs''). * '''CESCA''' Ihuriro ry’Abayobozi bakuru bashinzwe imicungire ya za Gereza mu bihugu by’Iburasirazuba, Amajyepfo, na Afrika yo hagati; (''Conference of Eastern, Southern and Central African Heads of Correctional Service''). * '''CG (Central Government)''' Inzego nkuru za Leta. * '''cg''' cyangwa. * '''CHUK (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali)'''[[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali]]. * '''CI''' [[Abaguzi Mpuzamahanga]] (''Consumers International''). * '''CIEL''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije]] (''Center for International Environmental Law''). * '''CMAC(Capital Market Advisory committee)'''[[Isoko ry’Imari n’Imıgabane]] . * '''CNLG (Commission National for the Fight Against Genocide)'''[[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside]]. * '''COMESA''' [[Umuryango w’Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo]] cyangwa Umuryango w’ubuhahirane[[Dosiye:Logo Comesa.svg|thumb|Comesa-logo]]bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’amajyepfo, Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba no mu Majyepfo ya Afurika (''Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa''). * '''CPR''' [[Inama y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Conseil Protestant du Rwanda''). * '''CRC (Citizen Report Card)'''Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kugaragaza uko umuturage yishimira serivisi ahabwa. * '''CSC(Citizen satisfaction consultantion)'''Uburyo abaturage bishyize hamwe bagaragaza uko bishimira serivisi bahabwa. * '''CSO (Civil Society Organization)'''[[Sosiyete sivile]]. * '''CSR''' [[Isanduku y'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi y'u Rwanda]]. == D == * '''DIP''' Gahunda ishyira mu bikorwa politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''DDP''' [[Gahunda y’iterambere ry’Akarere]]. * '''DP''' Abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere. == E == * '''EAC''' [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]] (Umuryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba) (''East African Community''). * '''EALA''' [[Amategeko y’Akarere ka Afurika y’I Burasirazuba]] (''East African Legislative Assembly''). * '''EAR''' [[Itorero Angilikane mu Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Itorero ry’Ubwepibikopi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Anglicane au Rwanda''). * '''EASJ''' [[Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa karindwi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Adventiste du Septieme Jour''). * '''ECCAS''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]]. * '''EDPRS''' [[Ingamba z’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu mu Kurwanya no guhashya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba z’igihugu zigamije iterambere ry’ubukungu no kurwanya ubukene. * '''EEAR''' [[Itorero ry’Ivugabutumwa ry’Inshuti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Evangelique des Amis au Rwanda''). * '''EICV''' Ibarura ku mibereho y’ingo. * '''EMLR''' [[Itorero Metodisite Libre mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Methodiste Libre au Rwanda''). * '''E.NA.RWA.''' [[Itorero ry’Umunazareti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise du Nazareen au Rwanda''). * '''ENE''' [[Ubushakashatsi ku Murimo mu Gihugu]]. * '''EPR''' [[Itorero Peresibiteriyene mu Rwanda]] (''Église presbytérienne au Rwanda''). * '''EX-FAR''' Abitwaga ingabo z’u Rwanda ‘’ ingabo zari iz’ubutegetsi bwakoze jenoside y’abatutsi’’. == F == * '''FAD''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''Fonds Africain de Développement'' ). * '''FAO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Wita ku Buhinzi n’Ibiribwa]] cyangwa [[Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi]] . * '''FOEI''' * '''FRW''' (''Franc Rwandais''). * '''FTPB''' [[Ishami ryigisha ivugabutumwa ry’Abaporotesitanti ry’ i Butare]] (''Faculté de Théologie Protestante de Butare'' ). == G == * '''GDP''' [[Umusaruro w’Imbere mu Gihugu]] (''Gross Domestic Product''). * '''GENDER''' Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n‘umugore. * '''GoR''' Leta y’u Rwanda. * '''GPHC''' [[Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire]]. == H == * '''HIMO''' Imirimo y’ingufu iha abaturage benshi akazi (''Haute intensité de Main d’oeuvre''). * '''HR''' Abakozi. == I == * '''ICT''' Ihererekanyamakuru n’Itumanaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no gutanga amakuru. * '''ICT''' [[Ikoranabuhanga mu Isakazamakuru n'Itangazabumenyi]]. * '''ICTR''' [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda''). * '''ICTSD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development''). * '''IDA''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gitsura Amajyambere]]. * '''IFG''' [[Forumu Mpuzamahanga ku Ikomatanyabukungu]] (''International Forum on Globalisation''). * '''IISD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Institute for Sustainable Development''). * '''ILO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Umurimo]] (''International Labour Organisation''). * '''IMF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] (International Monetary Fund). * '''IMNR''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kurinda no Guhesha Agaciro Umurage w’u Rwanda]]. * '''IRDP''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije Amahoro]] (''Institut de Recherche et de Dialogue pour la Paix''). * '''IRST''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] cyangwa [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] (''Institut de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique''). * '''ISAE''' Ishuri rikuru ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ry'i Busogo. * '''ISAR''' [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi]] (''Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda''). * '''IUCN''' Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi (''International Union for Conservation of Nature''). == J == * '''JADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango igamije iterambere. * '''JPCR''' [[Umuryango w’Ivugabutumwa mu Urubyiruko mu Rwanda]] (''Jeunesse Pour Christ au Rwanda''). == K == *'''KIST''' [[Ishuri Rikuru rya Kigali ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Icungamari]]. == L == * '''LCR''' [[Itorero ry’Abaluteriyani mu Rwanda]] (''Lutheran Church of Rwanda''). * '''LG''' Inzego z’Ibanze. * '''LLBR''' [[Umuryango w’Abasoma Bibiliya mu Rwanda]] (''Ligue pour la Lecture de la Bible''). == M == * '''M&E''' Gusuzuma no Gukurikirana ibikorwa. * '''MDGs''' Intego z’iterambere z’ikinyagihumbi. * '''MDR(PARMEHUTU)''' (''Mouvement Democratique Republicain (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu)''). * '''MHC''' [[Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda]] (''Media High Council''). * '''MIFOTRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo]]. * '''MIGEPROF''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango]]. * '''MINADEF''' [[Minisiteri y’Ingabo]]. * '''MINAFFET''' * '''MINAGRI''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]]. * '''MINALOC''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi by’Igihugu]]. * '''MINECOFIN''' [[Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi]]. * '''MINEDUC''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburezi]]. * '''MINICAAF''' * '''MINICOM''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda]]. * '''MINIJUST''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutabera]]. * '''MININFOR''' * '''MININFRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo]]. * '''MININTER''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutekano mu Gihugu]]. * '''MINIPRESIREP''' * '''MINIRENA''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutungo Kamere]]. * '''MINISANTE''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]]. * '''MINISPOC''' [[Minisiteri y’ Umuco na Siporo]]. * '''MINISTR''' * '''MINIYOUF''' * '''MINIYOUTH''' [[Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko]]. * '''MINUAR''' (''Mission des Nations Unies pour l’Assistance au Rwanda''). * '''MIS''' [[Uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru]]. * '''MRND''' [[Muvoma Revorisiyoneri Nasiyonari Iharanira Amajyambere]] (''Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement''). * '''MSF''' [[Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka]] (''Médecins Sans Frontières''). == N == * '''NACC''' Komisiyo y’igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA (''National AIDS Control Commission''). * '''NEPAD''' [[Ubufatanye Bushya mu Iterambere rya Afurika|Ubufatanye bushya mu iterambere rya Afurika]] cyangwa Ubufatanye bugamije iterambere ry’Afurika (''New Parternship for Africa Development''). * '''NBI''' [[Umushinga w’Ikibaya cy’Uruzi rwa Nili]] . * '''NDIS''' Ubunyamabanga bw’igihugu bushinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NDP''' Politiki y’igihugu yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NEC''' Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora. * '''NFF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya]] (''Nigeria Football Federation''). * '''NGO''' Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta. * '''NISR''' Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare. * '''NPS''' National Prisons Service (Urwego rw’’Igihugu rushinzwe za Gereza). * '''NSS''' [[Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano]]. == O == * '''OAFLA''' [[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] (Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS). * '''ODM''' [[Imigambi y’Iterambere ry’Ikinyagihumbi]] (''Objectifs de Dévéloppement du Millennaire''). * '''OMS''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. * '''ONG''' [[Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] (''Organnisation Non Gouvernementale''). * '''ONU''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]]. * '''OPS''' [[Umuryango Nyamerika w’Ubuzima]]. * '''ORINFOR''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Itangazamakuru]]. * '''ORN''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge]]. * '''ORTPN ''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubukererugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali]] cyangwa Ofisi y'Igihugu y'Ubukerarugendo na Pariki. == P == * '''PACFA''' [[Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA]] (''Protection and Care of Families Against HIV/AIDS'' ). * '''PL''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] (''Parti libéral''). * '''PNILT''' [[Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya]] (''National Malaria Control Programme'' ). * '''PPC''' [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] (''Parti pour le Progrès et la Concorde / Party for Progress and Concord''). * '''PRSP''' [[Gahunda yo Kugabanya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba za Politiki y`Igihugu yo kugabanya ubukene, Inyandiko ikubiyemo ingamba z’igihugu zo kurwanya ubukene (''Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan''). * '''PSP''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere]] (''Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès / Party for Solidarity and Progress''). * '''PSR''' [[Ishyaka ry’Abakozi mu Rwanda]] (''Parti socialiste rwandais''). == R == * '''RADA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi]]. * '''RALGA''' [[Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Uturere n’Umujyi wa Kigali]] (''Rwandese Association of Local Government Authorities''). * '''RARDA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubworozi]]. * '''RDB''' [[Ofisi y’Igihugu y’Ubukerarugendo]] (''Rwanda Development Board''). * '''RDF''' [[Ingabo z’Igihugu]] (''Rwanda Defence Force'').[[Dosiye:Rwanda_Defense_Force_emblem.png|thumb|Rwanda Defense Force emblem]] * '''RDSF''' Ingamba zigamije kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi mu. * '''REMA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije]] cyangwa Ikigo gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (''Rwanda Environment Management Authority''). * '''[[RIEPA]].''' * '''RNP''' Rwanda National Police (Polisi y’Igihugu). * '''RPA''' Rwanda Patriotic Army (Ingabo zari iza RPF-Inkotanyi). * '''RPF ''' Rwandese Patriotic Front. * '''RPPA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Gutunganya Amasoko ya Leta]] (cyangwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta). * '''RRA''' [[Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro]]. * '''R.R.A''' Rwanda Revenue Authority (Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’amahoro). == S == * '''SADC(Southern African development community)''' [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]]. * '''SAP(structural adjustment program)'''[[Gahunda yo Kuvugurura Inzego]]. * '''SJADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango ku Mirenge igamije iterambere. * '''SME/SMI(Small and medium enterprise/small and medium industies)'''[[Ibigo n’Inganda Nto n’Iziciriritse]] cyangwa [[Amasosiyete Mato n’Aciriritse]]. * '''SNI''' [[Ingamba y’Igihugu y’Ishoramali]] (''Statégie Nationale d’Investissement''). == T == * '''TPIR''' [[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Ruhana Ibyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda''). * '''TRAC''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] (''Treatment and Research AIDS Center'' ).[[Dosiye:Flag_of_ILO.svg|thumb|Flag of ILO]] == U == * '''UEBR''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Union des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''UN''' cyangwa '''UNO''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] (''United Nations'' cyangwe ''United Nations Organization'' ). * '''UNDP (united nations development programme)'''[[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Majyambere]] [[Dosiye:UNDP_logo.svg|thumb|UNDP logo.]] * '''UNEP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije]][[Dosiye:United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Logo.svg|thumb|United Nations Environment Programme Logo.]][[Dosiye:Flag_of_UNICEF.svg|thumb|Flag of UNICEF]] * '''UNESCO''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco]] . * '''UNHCR''' Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe impunzi. * '''UNICEF''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi n’Abana]] ''cyangwa'' Umuryango w’Abibumye ryita ku bana , Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe abana.[[Dosiye:UNHCR.svg|thumb|UNHCR]] == V == * '''VAT (value added tax)'''Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro. * '''VUP (vision 2020 umurenge program)'''Gahunda y’Icyerekezo 2020-Umurenge. == W == * '''WCO''' [[Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe za Gasutamo]] (''World Customs Organization'').[[Dosiye:UNESCO.svg|thumb|UNESCO]] * '''WHO''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. [[Dosiye:World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg|thumb|World Health Organization Logo]] * '''WTO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubucuruzi]] (''World Trade Organization'').[[Dosiye:World_Trade_Organization_(logo_and_wordmark).svg|thumb|World Trade Organization (logo and wordmark)]] * '''WWF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere]] (''World Wide Fund for Nature''). [[Category:Indimi]] 0hlug62z8u024cvdfyvgoubtvin8wff 130180 130178 2026-04-05T05:22:26Z Baraka official 17008 Kuvugurura inyandiko 130180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abreviatures.png|thumb|amagambo yimine]] '''Amagambo ahinnye''' cyangwa '''Amagambo y’impine''' == A == * '''ADEPR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero ya Pantekoti mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises de Pentecote au Rwanda''). * '''ADF''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''African Development Fund'' ). * '''AEBR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''AEC''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] (African Economic Community). * '''AEE''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Ivugabutumwa]] (''African Evangelistic Enterprise''). * '''AfDB''' [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] (''African Development Bank'' ).[[Dosiye:Logo_Afrikanische_Entwicklungsbank.svg|thumb|Logo ''African Development Bank'' (AFDB)]] * '''A.L.A.R.M.''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Imiyoborere myiza n’Ubwiyunge]](''African Leadership and Reconciliation Ministries''). * '''AMCOW (African Ministers' Council On Water )'''[[Inama y’abaminisitiri b’ibihugu by’Afurika ku kibazo cy’amazi]] . * '''ARADETWA''' (''Assosiation pour le relèvement dèmocratique des Twa''). * '''ATU''' [[Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba]] (''Anti Terrorism Unit''). * '''AU''' (African Union)[[Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika]]. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg|thumb|Flag of the African Union]] == B == * '''BADEA''' [[Banki y’Abarabu Itsura Amajyambere muri Afurika]] (''Bank for Economic Development in Africa''). * '''BHR(Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda)''' [[Banki y’Imiturire y’u Rwanda]] . * '''BK''' [[Banki ya Kigali]]. * '''BNEP''' [[Ibiro by’Igihugu by’imyigishirize y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Bureau National de l’Enseignement Protestant''). * '''BPR''' [[Banki y'Abaturage y'u Rwanda]] (''Banque Populaire du Rwanda''). * '''BRD''' [[Banki y’u Rwanda itsura amajyambere]] ( Rwanda Development Bank). == C == * '''CAF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika]] (''Confédération Africaine de Football''). * '''CBGs''' Amatsinda akorera mu baturage ( Community Based on Groups). * '''CBO (Community-Based Organization)''' Amashyirahamwe akorera mu baturage. * '''CDC ( Committee of Development Community)''' [[Komite y’Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDF''' (Community Development Fund)[[Ikigega cya Leta gitsura Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDR''' (''Coalition pour la Défense de la République''). * '''CEPEX''' ( Centre for the promotion of Exports and External Finance) Ibiro by’igihugu bishinzwe ishoramari n’inkunga ituruka hanze y’igihugu. * '''CEPGL''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari]] (''Communauté Économique des Pays des Grands Lacs''). * '''CESCA''' Ihuriro ry’Abayobozi bakuru bashinzwe imicungire ya za Gereza mu bihugu by’Iburasirazuba, Amajyepfo, na Afrika yo hagati; (''Conference of Eastern, Southern and Central African Heads of Correctional Service''). * '''CG (Central Government)''' Inzego nkuru za Leta. * '''cg''' cyangwa. * '''CHUK (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali)'''[[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali]]. * '''CI''' [[Abaguzi Mpuzamahanga]] (''Consumers International''). * '''CIEL''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije]] (''Center for International Environmental Law''). * '''CMAC(Capital Market Advisory committee)'''[[Isoko ry’Imari n’Imıgabane]] . * '''CNLG (Commission National for the Fight Against Genocide)'''[[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside]]. * '''COMESA''' [[Umuryango w’Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo]] cyangwa Umuryango w’ubuhahirane[[Dosiye:Logo Comesa.svg|thumb|Comesa-logo]]bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’amajyepfo, Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba no mu Majyepfo ya Afurika (''Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa''). * '''CPR''' [[Inama y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Conseil Protestant du Rwanda''). * '''CRC (Citizen Report Card)'''Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kugaragaza uko umuturage yishimira serivisi ahabwa. * '''CSC(Citizen satisfaction consultantion)'''Uburyo abaturage bishyize hamwe bagaragaza uko bishimira serivisi bahabwa. * '''CSO (Civil Society Organization)'''[[Sosiyete sivile]]. * '''CSR''' [[Isanduku y'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi y'u Rwanda]]. == D == * '''DIP''' Gahunda ishyira mu bikorwa politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''DDP''' [[Gahunda y’iterambere ry’Akarere]]. * '''DP''' Abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere. == E == * '''EAC''' [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]] (Umuryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba) (''East African Community''). * '''EALA''' [[Amategeko y’Akarere ka Afurika y’I Burasirazuba]] (''East African Legislative Assembly''). * '''EAR''' [[Itorero Angilikane mu Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Itorero ry’Ubwepibikopi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Anglicane au Rwanda''). * '''EASJ''' [[Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa karindwi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Adventiste du Septieme Jour''). * '''ECCAS''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]]. * '''EDPRS''' [[Ingamba z’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu mu Kurwanya no guhashya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba z’igihugu zigamije iterambere ry’ubukungu no kurwanya ubukene. * '''EEAR''' [[Itorero ry’Ivugabutumwa ry’Inshuti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Evangelique des Amis au Rwanda''). * '''EICV''' Ibarura ku mibereho y’ingo. * '''EMLR''' [[Itorero Metodisite Libre mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Methodiste Libre au Rwanda''). * '''E.NA.RWA.''' [[Itorero ry’Umunazareti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise du Nazareen au Rwanda''). * '''ENE''' [[Ubushakashatsi ku Murimo mu Gihugu]]. * '''EPR''' [[Itorero Peresibiteriyene mu Rwanda]] (''Église presbytérienne au Rwanda''). * '''EX-FAR''' Abitwaga ingabo z’u Rwanda ‘’ ingabo zari iz’ubutegetsi bwakoze jenoside y’abatutsi’’. == F == * '''FAD''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''Fonds Africain de Développement'' ). * '''FAO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Wita ku Buhinzi n’Ibiribwa]] cyangwa [[Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi]] . * '''FOEI''' * '''FRW''' (''Franc Rwandais''). * '''FTPB''' [[Ishami ryigisha ivugabutumwa ry’Abaporotesitanti ry’ i Butare]] (''Faculté de Théologie Protestante de Butare'' ). == G == * '''GDP''' [[Umusaruro w’Imbere mu Gihugu]] (''Gross Domestic Product''). * '''GENDER''' Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n‘umugore. * '''GoR''' Leta y’u Rwanda. * '''GPHC''' [[Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire]]. == H == * '''HIMO''' Imirimo y’ingufu iha abaturage benshi akazi (''Haute intensité de Main d’oeuvre''). * '''HR''' Abakozi. == I == * '''ICT''' Ihererekanyamakuru n’Itumanaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no gutanga amakuru. * '''ICT''' [[Ikoranabuhanga mu Isakazamakuru n'Itangazabumenyi]]. * '''ICTR''' [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda''). * '''ICTSD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development''). * '''IDA''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gitsura Amajyambere]]. * '''IFG''' [[Forumu Mpuzamahanga ku Ikomatanyabukungu]] (''International Forum on Globalisation''). * '''IISD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Institute for Sustainable Development''). * '''ILO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Umurimo]] (''International Labour Organisation''). * '''IMF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] (International Monetary Fund). * '''IMNR''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kurinda no Guhesha Agaciro Umurage w’u Rwanda]]. * '''IRDP''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije Amahoro]] (''Institut de Recherche et de Dialogue pour la Paix''). * '''IRST''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] cyangwa [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] (''Institut de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique''). * '''ISAE''' Ishuri rikuru ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ry'i Busogo. * '''ISAR''' [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi]] (''Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda''). * '''IUCN''' Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi (''International Union for Conservation of Nature''). == J == * '''JADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango igamije iterambere. * '''JPCR''' [[Umuryango w’Ivugabutumwa mu Urubyiruko mu Rwanda]] (''Jeunesse Pour Christ au Rwanda''). == K == *'''KIST''' [[Ishuri Rikuru rya Kigali ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Icungamari]]. == L == * '''LCR''' [[Itorero ry’Abaluteriyani mu Rwanda]] (''Lutheran Church of Rwanda''). * '''LG''' Inzego z’Ibanze. * '''LLBR''' [[Umuryango w’Abasoma Bibiliya mu Rwanda]] (''Ligue pour la Lecture de la Bible''). == M == * '''M&E''' Gusuzuma no Gukurikirana ibikorwa. * '''MDGs''' Intego z’iterambere z’ikinyagihumbi. * '''MDR(PARMEHUTU)''' (''Mouvement Democratique Republicain (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu)''). * '''MHC''' [[Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda]] (''Media High Council''). * '''MIFOTRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo]]. * '''MIGEPROF''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango]]. * '''MINADEF''' [[Minisiteri y’Ingabo]]. * '''MINAFFET''' * '''MINAGRI''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]]. * '''MINALOC''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi by’Igihugu]]. * '''MINECOFIN''' [[Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi]]. * '''MINEDUC''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburezi]]. * '''MINICAAF''' * '''MINICOM''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda]]. * '''MINIJUST''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutabera]]. * '''MININFOR''' * '''MININFRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo]]. * '''MININTER''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutekano mu Gihugu]]. * '''MINIPRESIREP''' * '''MINIRENA''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutungo Kamere]]. * '''MINISANTE''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]]. * '''MINISPOC''' [[Minisiteri y’ Umuco na Siporo]]. * '''MINISTR''' * '''MINIYOUF''' * '''MINIYOUTH''' [[Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko]]. * '''MINUAR''' (''Mission des Nations Unies pour l’Assistance au Rwanda''). * '''MIS''' [[Uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru]]. * '''MRND''' [[Muvoma Revorisiyoneri Nasiyonari Iharanira Amajyambere]] (''Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement''). * '''MSF''' [[Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka]] (''Médecins Sans Frontières''). == N == * '''NACC''' Komisiyo y’igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA (''National AIDS Control Commission''). * '''NEPAD''' [[Ubufatanye Bushya mu Iterambere rya Afurika|Ubufatanye bushya mu iterambere rya Afurika]] cyangwa Ubufatanye bugamije iterambere ry’Afurika (''New Parternship for Africa Development''). * '''NBI''' [[Umushinga w’Ikibaya cy’Uruzi rwa Nili]] . * '''NDIS''' Ubunyamabanga bw’igihugu bushinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NDP''' Politiki y’igihugu yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NEC''' Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora. * '''NFF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya]] (''Nigeria Football Federation''). * '''NGO''' Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta. * '''NISR''' Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare. * '''NPS''' National Prisons Service (Urwego rw’’Igihugu rushinzwe za Gereza). * '''NSS''' [[Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano]]. == O == * '''OAFLA''' [[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] (Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS). * '''ODM''' [[Imigambi y’Iterambere ry’Ikinyagihumbi]] (''Objectifs de Dévéloppement du Millennaire''). * '''OMS''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. * '''ONG''' [[Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] (''Organnisation Non Gouvernementale''). * '''ONU''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]]. * '''OPS''' [[Umuryango Nyamerika w’Ubuzima]]. * '''ORINFOR''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Itangazamakuru]]. * '''ORN''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge]]. * '''ORTPN ''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubukererugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali]] cyangwa Ofisi y'Igihugu y'Ubukerarugendo na Pariki. == P == * '''PACFA''' [[Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA]] (''Protection and Care of Families Against HIV/AIDS'' ). * '''PL''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] (''Parti libéral''). * '''PNILT''' [[Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya]] (''National Malaria Control Programme'' ). * '''PPC''' [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] (''Parti pour le Progrès et la Concorde / Party for Progress and Concord''). * '''PRSP''' [[Gahunda yo Kugabanya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba za Politiki y`Igihugu yo kugabanya ubukene, Inyandiko ikubiyemo ingamba z’igihugu zo kurwanya ubukene (''Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan''). * '''PSP''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere]] (''Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès / Party for Solidarity and Progress''). * '''PSR''' [[Ishyaka ry’Abakozi mu Rwanda]] (''Parti socialiste rwandais''). == R == * '''RADA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi]]. * '''RALGA''' [[Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Uturere n’Umujyi wa Kigali]] (''Rwandese Association of Local Government Authorities''). * '''RARDA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubworozi]]. * '''RDB''' [[Ofisi y’Igihugu y’Ubukerarugendo]] (''Rwanda Development Board''). * '''RDF''' [[Ingabo z’Igihugu]] (''Rwanda Defence Force'').[[Dosiye:Rwanda_Defense_Force_emblem.png|thumb|Rwanda Defense Force emblem]] * '''RDSF''' Ingamba zigamije kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi mu. * '''REMA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije]] cyangwa Ikigo gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (''Rwanda Environment Management Authority''). * '''[[RIEPA]].''' * '''RNP''' Rwanda National Police (Polisi y’Igihugu). * '''RPA''' Rwanda Patriotic Army (Ingabo zari iza RPF-Inkotanyi). * '''RPF ''' Rwandese Patriotic Front. * '''RPPA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Gutunganya Amasoko ya Leta]] (cyangwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta). * '''RRA''' [[Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro]]. * '''R.R.A''' Rwanda Revenue Authority (Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’amahoro). == S == * '''SADC(Southern African development community)''' [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]]. * '''SAP(structural adjustment program)'''[[Gahunda yo Kuvugurura Inzego]]. * '''SJADF(sub-JADF , joint action development forum)'''Ihuriro ry’imiryango ku Mirenge igamije iterambere. * '''SME/SMI(Small and medium enterprise/small and medium industies)'''[[Ibigo n’Inganda Nto n’Iziciriritse]] cyangwa [[Amasosiyete Mato n’Aciriritse]]. * '''SNI''' [[Ingamba y’Igihugu y’Ishoramali]] (''Statégie Nationale d’Investissement''). == T == * '''TPIR''' [[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Ruhana Ibyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda''). * '''TRAC''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] (''Treatment and Research AIDS Center'' ).[[Dosiye:Flag_of_ILO.svg|thumb|Flag of ILO]] == U == * '''UEBR''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Union des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''UN''' cyangwa '''UNO''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] (''United Nations'' cyangwe ''United Nations Organization'' ). * '''UNDP (united nations development programme)'''[[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Majyambere]] [[Dosiye:UNDP_logo.svg|thumb|UNDP logo.]] * '''UNEP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije]][[Dosiye:United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Logo.svg|thumb|United Nations Environment Programme Logo.]][[Dosiye:Flag_of_UNICEF.svg|thumb|Flag of UNICEF]] * '''UNESCO''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco]] . * '''UNHCR''' Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe impunzi. * '''UNICEF''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi n’Abana]] ''cyangwa'' Umuryango w’Abibumye ryita ku bana , Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe abana.[[Dosiye:UNHCR.svg|thumb|UNHCR]] == V == * '''VAT (value added tax)'''Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro. * '''VUP (vision 2020 umurenge program)'''Gahunda y’Icyerekezo 2020-Umurenge. == W == * '''WCO''' [[Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe za Gasutamo]] (''World Customs Organization'').[[Dosiye:UNESCO.svg|thumb|UNESCO]] * '''WHO''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. [[Dosiye:World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg|thumb|World Health Organization Logo]] * '''WTO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubucuruzi]] (''World Trade Organization'').[[Dosiye:World_Trade_Organization_(logo_and_wordmark).svg|thumb|World Trade Organization (logo and wordmark)]] * '''WWF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere]] (''World Wide Fund for Nature''). [[Category:Indimi]] lm1oljme470qkera951j3p7qeewwbwg 130182 130180 2026-04-05T05:25:07Z Baraka official 17008 Guhindura amagambo ahinnye 130182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abreviatures.png|thumb|amagambo yimine]] '''Amagambo ahinnye''' cyangwa '''Amagambo y’impine''' == A == * '''ADEPR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero ya Pantekoti mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises de Pentecote au Rwanda''). * '''ADF''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''African Development Fund'' ). * '''AEBR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''AEC''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] (African Economic Community). * '''AEE''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Ivugabutumwa]] (''African Evangelistic Enterprise''). * '''AfDB''' [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] (''African Development Bank'' ).[[Dosiye:Logo_Afrikanische_Entwicklungsbank.svg|thumb|Logo ''African Development Bank'' (AFDB)]] * '''A.L.A.R.M.''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Imiyoborere myiza n’Ubwiyunge]](''African Leadership and Reconciliation Ministries''). * '''AMCOW (African Ministers' Council On Water )'''[[Inama y’abaminisitiri b’ibihugu by’Afurika ku kibazo cy’amazi]] . * '''ARADETWA''' (''Assosiation pour le relèvement dèmocratique des Twa''). * '''ATU''' [[Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba]] (''Anti Terrorism Unit''). * '''AU''' (African Union)[[Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika]]. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg|thumb|Flag of the African Union]] == B == * '''BADEA''' [[Banki y’Abarabu Itsura Amajyambere muri Afurika]] (''Bank for Economic Development in Africa''). * '''BHR(Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda)''' [[Banki y’Imiturire y’u Rwanda]] . * '''BK''' [[Banki ya Kigali]]. * '''BNEP''' [[Ibiro by’Igihugu by’imyigishirize y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Bureau National de l’Enseignement Protestant''). * '''BPR''' [[Banki y'Abaturage y'u Rwanda]] (''Banque Populaire du Rwanda''). * '''BRD''' [[Banki y’u Rwanda itsura amajyambere]] ( Rwanda Development Bank). == C == * '''CAF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika]] (''Confédération Africaine de Football''). * '''CBGs''' Amatsinda akorera mu baturage ( Community Based on Groups). * '''CBO (Community-Based Organization)''' Amashyirahamwe akorera mu baturage. * '''CDC ( Committee of Development Community)''' [[Komite y’Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDF''' (Community Development Fund)[[Ikigega cya Leta gitsura Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDR''' (''Coalition pour la Défense de la République''). * '''CEPEX''' ( Centre for the promotion of Exports and External Finance) Ibiro by’igihugu bishinzwe ishoramari n’inkunga ituruka hanze y’igihugu. * '''CEPGL''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari]] (''Communauté Économique des Pays des Grands Lacs''). * '''CESCA''' Ihuriro ry’Abayobozi bakuru bashinzwe imicungire ya za Gereza mu bihugu by’Iburasirazuba, Amajyepfo, na Afrika yo hagati; (''Conference of Eastern, Southern and Central African Heads of Correctional Service''). * '''CG (Central Government)''' Inzego nkuru za Leta. * '''cg''' cyangwa. * '''CHUK (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali)'''[[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali]]. * '''CI''' [[Abaguzi Mpuzamahanga]] (''Consumers International''). * '''CIEL''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije]] (''Center for International Environmental Law''). * '''CMAC(Capital Market Advisory committee)'''[[Isoko ry’Imari n’Imıgabane]] . * '''CNLG (Commission National for the Fight Against Genocide)'''[[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside]]. * '''COMESA''' [[Umuryango w’Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo]] cyangwa Umuryango w’ubuhahirane[[Dosiye:Logo Comesa.svg|thumb|Comesa-logo]]bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’amajyepfo, Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba no mu Majyepfo ya Afurika (''Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa''). * '''CPR''' [[Inama y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Conseil Protestant du Rwanda''). * '''CRC (Citizen Report Card)'''Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kugaragaza uko umuturage yishimira serivisi ahabwa. * '''CSC(Citizen satisfaction consultantion)'''Uburyo abaturage bishyize hamwe bagaragaza uko bishimira serivisi bahabwa. * '''CSO (Civil Society Organization)'''[[Sosiyete sivile]]. * '''CSR''' [[Isanduku y'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi y'u Rwanda]]. == D == * '''DIP''' Gahunda ishyira mu bikorwa politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''DDP''' [[Gahunda y’iterambere ry’Akarere]]. * '''DP''' Abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere. == E == * '''EAC''' [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]] (Umuryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba) (''East African Community''). * '''EALA''' [[Amategeko y’Akarere ka Afurika y’I Burasirazuba]] (''East African Legislative Assembly''). * '''EAR''' [[Itorero Angilikane mu Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Itorero ry’Ubwepibikopi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Anglicane au Rwanda''). * '''EASJ''' [[Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa karindwi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Adventiste du Septieme Jour''). * '''ECCAS''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]]. * '''EDPRS''' [[Ingamba z’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu mu Kurwanya no guhashya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba z’igihugu zigamije iterambere ry’ubukungu no kurwanya ubukene. * '''EEAR''' [[Itorero ry’Ivugabutumwa ry’Inshuti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Evangelique des Amis au Rwanda''). * '''EICV''' Ibarura ku mibereho y’ingo. * '''EMLR''' [[Itorero Metodisite Libre mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Methodiste Libre au Rwanda''). * '''E.NA.RWA.''' [[Itorero ry’Umunazareti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise du Nazareen au Rwanda''). * '''ENE''' [[Ubushakashatsi ku Murimo mu Gihugu]]. * '''EPR''' [[Itorero Peresibiteriyene mu Rwanda]] (''Église presbytérienne au Rwanda''). * '''EX-FAR''' Abitwaga ingabo z’u Rwanda ‘’ ingabo zari iz’ubutegetsi bwakoze jenoside y’abatutsi’’. == F == * '''FAD''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''Fonds Africain de Développement'' ). * '''FAO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Wita ku Buhinzi n’Ibiribwa]] cyangwa [[Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi]] . * '''FOEI''' * '''FRW''' (''Franc Rwandais''). * '''FTPB''' [[Ishami ryigisha ivugabutumwa ry’Abaporotesitanti ry’ i Butare]] (''Faculté de Théologie Protestante de Butare'' ). == G == * '''GDP''' [[Umusaruro w’Imbere mu Gihugu]] (''Gross Domestic Product''). * '''GENDER''' Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n‘umugore. * '''GoR''' Leta y’u Rwanda. * '''GPHC''' [[Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire]]. == H == * '''HIMO''' Imirimo y’ingufu iha abaturage benshi akazi (''Haute intensité de Main d’oeuvre''). * '''HR''' Abakozi. == I == * '''ICT''' Ihererekanyamakuru n’Itumanaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no gutanga amakuru. * '''ICT''' [[Ikoranabuhanga mu Isakazamakuru n'Itangazabumenyi]]. * '''ICTR''' [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda''). * '''ICTSD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development''). * '''IDA''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gitsura Amajyambere]]. * '''IFG''' [[Forumu Mpuzamahanga ku Ikomatanyabukungu]] (''International Forum on Globalisation''). * '''IISD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Institute for Sustainable Development''). * '''ILO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Umurimo]] (''International Labour Organisation''). * '''IMF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] (International Monetary Fund). * '''IMNR''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kurinda no Guhesha Agaciro Umurage w’u Rwanda]]. * '''IRDP''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije Amahoro]] (''Institut de Recherche et de Dialogue pour la Paix''). * '''IRST''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] cyangwa [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] (''Institut de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique''). * '''ISAE''' Ishuri rikuru ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ry'i Busogo. * '''ISAR''' [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi]] (''Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda''). * '''IUCN''' Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi (''International Union for Conservation of Nature''). == J == * '''JADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango igamije iterambere. * '''JPCR''' [[Umuryango w’Ivugabutumwa mu Urubyiruko mu Rwanda]] (''Jeunesse Pour Christ au Rwanda''). == K == *'''KIST''' [[Ishuri Rikuru rya Kigali ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Icungamari]]. == L == * '''LCR''' [[Itorero ry’Abaluteriyani mu Rwanda]] (''Lutheran Church of Rwanda''). * '''LG''' Inzego z’Ibanze. * '''LLBR''' [[Umuryango w’Abasoma Bibiliya mu Rwanda]] (''Ligue pour la Lecture de la Bible''). == M == * '''M&E''' Gusuzuma no Gukurikirana ibikorwa. * '''MDGs''' Intego z’iterambere z’ikinyagihumbi. * '''MDR(PARMEHUTU)''' (''Mouvement Democratique Republicain (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu)''). * '''MHC''' [[Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda]] (''Media High Council''). * '''MIFOTRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo]]. * '''MIGEPROF''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango]]. * '''MINADEF''' [[Minisiteri y’Ingabo]]. * '''MINAFFET''' * '''MINAGRI''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]]. * '''MINALOC''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi by’Igihugu]]. * '''MINECOFIN''' [[Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi]]. * '''MINEDUC''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburezi]]. * '''MINICAAF''' * '''MINICOM''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda]]. * '''MINIJUST''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutabera]]. * '''MININFOR''' * '''MININFRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo]]. * '''MININTER''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutekano mu Gihugu]]. * '''MINIPRESIREP''' * '''MINIRENA''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutungo Kamere]]. * '''MINISANTE''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]]. * '''MINISPOC''' [[Minisiteri y’ Umuco na Siporo]]. * '''MINISTR''' * '''MINIYOUF''' * '''MINIYOUTH''' [[Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko]]. * '''MINUAR''' (''Mission des Nations Unies pour l’Assistance au Rwanda''). * '''MIS''' [[Uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru]]. * '''MRND''' [[Muvoma Revorisiyoneri Nasiyonari Iharanira Amajyambere]] (''Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement''). * '''MSF''' [[Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka]] (''Médecins Sans Frontières''). == N == * '''NACC''' Komisiyo y’igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA (''National AIDS Control Commission''). * '''NEPAD''' [[Ubufatanye Bushya mu Iterambere rya Afurika|Ubufatanye bushya mu iterambere rya Afurika]] cyangwa Ubufatanye bugamije iterambere ry’Afurika (''New Parternship for Africa Development''). * '''NBI''' [[Umushinga w’Ikibaya cy’Uruzi rwa Nili]] . * '''NDIS''' Ubunyamabanga bw’igihugu bushinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NDP''' Politiki y’igihugu yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NEC''' Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora. * '''NFF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya]] (''Nigeria Football Federation''). * '''NGO''' Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta. * '''NISR''' Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare. * '''NPS''' National Prisons Service (Urwego rw’’Igihugu rushinzwe za Gereza). * '''NSS''' [[Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano]]. == O == * '''OAFLA''' [[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] (Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS). * '''ODM''' [[Imigambi y’Iterambere ry’Ikinyagihumbi]] (''Objectifs de Dévéloppement du Millennaire''). * '''OMS''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. * '''ONG''' [[Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] (''Organnisation Non Gouvernementale''). * '''ONU''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]]. * '''OPS''' [[Umuryango Nyamerika w’Ubuzima]]. * '''ORINFOR''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Itangazamakuru]]. * '''ORN''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge]]. * '''ORTPN ''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubukererugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali]] cyangwa Ofisi y'Igihugu y'Ubukerarugendo na Pariki. == P == * '''PACFA''' [[Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA]] (''Protection and Care of Families Against HIV/AIDS'' ). * '''PL''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] (''Parti libéral''). * '''PNILT''' [[Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya]] (''National Malaria Control Programme'' ). * '''PPC''' [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] (''Parti pour le Progrès et la Concorde / Party for Progress and Concord''). * '''PRSP''' [[Gahunda yo Kugabanya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba za Politiki y`Igihugu yo kugabanya ubukene, Inyandiko ikubiyemo ingamba z’igihugu zo kurwanya ubukene (''Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan''). * '''PSP''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere]] (''Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès / Party for Solidarity and Progress''). * '''PSR''' [[Ishyaka ry’Abakozi mu Rwanda]] (''Parti socialiste rwandais''). == R == * '''RADA(Rwanda agriculture development authority)'''[[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi]]. * '''RALGA''' [[Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Uturere n’Umujyi wa Kigali]] (''Rwandese Association of Local Government Authorities''). * '''RARDA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubworozi]]. * '''RDB''' [[Ofisi y’Igihugu y’Ubukerarugendo]] (''Rwanda Development Board''). * '''RDF''' [[Ingabo z’Igihugu]] (''Rwanda Defence Force'').[[Dosiye:Rwanda_Defense_Force_emblem.png|thumb|Rwanda Defense Force emblem]] * '''RDSF''' Ingamba zigamije kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi mu. * '''REMA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije]] cyangwa Ikigo gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (''Rwanda Environment Management Authority''). * '''[[RIEPA]].''' * '''RNP''' Rwanda National Police (Polisi y’Igihugu). * '''RPA''' Rwanda Patriotic Army (Ingabo zari iza RPF-Inkotanyi). * '''RPF ''' Rwandese Patriotic Front. * '''RPPA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Gutunganya Amasoko ya Leta]] (cyangwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta). * '''RRA''' [[Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro]]. * '''R.R.A''' Rwanda Revenue Authority (Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’amahoro). == S == * '''SADC(Southern African development community)''' [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]]. * '''SAP(structural adjustment program)'''[[Gahunda yo Kuvugurura Inzego]]. * '''SJADF(sub-JADF , joint action development forum)'''Ihuriro ry’imiryango ku Mirenge igamije iterambere. * '''SME/SMI(Small and medium enterprise/small and medium industies)'''[[Ibigo n’Inganda Nto n’Iziciriritse]] cyangwa [[Amasosiyete Mato n’Aciriritse]]. * '''SNI''' [[Ingamba y’Igihugu y’Ishoramali]] (''Statégie Nationale d’Investissement''). == T == * '''TPIR''' [[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Ruhana Ibyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda''). * '''TRAC''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] (''Treatment and Research AIDS Center'' ).[[Dosiye:Flag_of_ILO.svg|thumb|Flag of ILO]] == U == * '''UEBR''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Union des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''UN''' cyangwa '''UNO''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] (''United Nations'' cyangwe ''United Nations Organization'' ). * '''UNDP (united nations development programme)'''[[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Majyambere]] [[Dosiye:UNDP_logo.svg|thumb|UNDP logo.]] * '''UNEP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije]][[Dosiye:United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Logo.svg|thumb|United Nations Environment Programme Logo.]][[Dosiye:Flag_of_UNICEF.svg|thumb|Flag of UNICEF]] * '''UNESCO''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco]] . * '''UNHCR''' Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe impunzi. * '''UNICEF''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi n’Abana]] ''cyangwa'' Umuryango w’Abibumye ryita ku bana , Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe abana.[[Dosiye:UNHCR.svg|thumb|UNHCR]] == V == * '''VAT (value added tax)'''Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro. * '''VUP (vision 2020 umurenge program)'''Gahunda y’Icyerekezo 2020-Umurenge. == W == * '''WCO''' [[Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe za Gasutamo]] (''World Customs Organization'').[[Dosiye:UNESCO.svg|thumb|UNESCO]] * '''WHO''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. [[Dosiye:World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg|thumb|World Health Organization Logo]] * '''WTO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubucuruzi]] (''World Trade Organization'').[[Dosiye:World_Trade_Organization_(logo_and_wordmark).svg|thumb|World Trade Organization (logo and wordmark)]] * '''WWF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere]] (''World Wide Fund for Nature''). [[Category:Indimi]] jv34vhwzfrt7xrxesk4z1ynko157viq 130184 130182 2026-04-05T05:27:43Z Baraka official 17008 Guhindura amagambo ahinnye 130184 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abreviatures.png|thumb|amagambo yimine]] '''Amagambo ahinnye''' cyangwa '''Amagambo y’impine''' == A == * '''ADEPR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero ya Pantekoti mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises de Pentecote au Rwanda''). * '''ADF''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''African Development Fund'' ). * '''AEBR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''AEC''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] (African Economic Community). * '''AEE''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Ivugabutumwa]] (''African Evangelistic Enterprise''). * '''AfDB''' [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] (''African Development Bank'' ).[[Dosiye:Logo_Afrikanische_Entwicklungsbank.svg|thumb|Logo ''African Development Bank'' (AFDB)]] * '''A.L.A.R.M.''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Imiyoborere myiza n’Ubwiyunge]](''African Leadership and Reconciliation Ministries''). * '''AMCOW (African Ministers' Council On Water )'''[[Inama y’abaminisitiri b’ibihugu by’Afurika ku kibazo cy’amazi]] . * '''ARADETWA''' (''Assosiation pour le relèvement dèmocratique des Twa''). * '''ATU''' [[Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba]] (''Anti Terrorism Unit''). * '''AU''' (African Union)[[Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika]]. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg|thumb|Flag of the African Union]] == B == * '''BADEA''' [[Banki y’Abarabu Itsura Amajyambere muri Afurika]] (''Bank for Economic Development in Africa''). * '''BHR(Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda)''' [[Banki y’Imiturire y’u Rwanda]] . * '''BK''' [[Banki ya Kigali]]. * '''BNEP''' [[Ibiro by’Igihugu by’imyigishirize y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Bureau National de l’Enseignement Protestant''). * '''BPR''' [[Banki y'Abaturage y'u Rwanda]] (''Banque Populaire du Rwanda''). * '''BRD''' [[Banki y’u Rwanda itsura amajyambere]] ( Rwanda Development Bank). == C == * '''CAF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika]] (''Confédération Africaine de Football''). * '''CBGs''' Amatsinda akorera mu baturage ( Community Based on Groups). * '''CBO (Community-Based Organization)''' Amashyirahamwe akorera mu baturage. * '''CDC ( Committee of Development Community)''' [[Komite y’Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDF''' (Community Development Fund)[[Ikigega cya Leta gitsura Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDR''' (''Coalition pour la Défense de la République''). * '''CEPEX''' ( Centre for the promotion of Exports and External Finance) Ibiro by’igihugu bishinzwe ishoramari n’inkunga ituruka hanze y’igihugu. * '''CEPGL''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari]] (''Communauté Économique des Pays des Grands Lacs''). * '''CESCA''' Ihuriro ry’Abayobozi bakuru bashinzwe imicungire ya za Gereza mu bihugu by’Iburasirazuba, Amajyepfo, na Afrika yo hagati; (''Conference of Eastern, Southern and Central African Heads of Correctional Service''). * '''CG (Central Government)''' Inzego nkuru za Leta. * '''cg''' cyangwa. * '''CHUK (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali)'''[[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali]]. * '''CI''' [[Abaguzi Mpuzamahanga]] (''Consumers International''). * '''CIEL''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije]] (''Center for International Environmental Law''). * '''CMAC(Capital Market Advisory committee)'''[[Isoko ry’Imari n’Imıgabane]] . * '''CNLG (Commission National for the Fight Against Genocide)'''[[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside]]. * '''COMESA''' [[Umuryango w’Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo]] cyangwa Umuryango w’ubuhahirane[[Dosiye:Logo Comesa.svg|thumb|Comesa-logo]]bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’amajyepfo, Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba no mu Majyepfo ya Afurika (''Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa''). * '''CPR''' [[Inama y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Conseil Protestant du Rwanda''). * '''CRC (Citizen Report Card)'''Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kugaragaza uko umuturage yishimira serivisi ahabwa. * '''CSC(Citizen satisfaction consultantion)'''Uburyo abaturage bishyize hamwe bagaragaza uko bishimira serivisi bahabwa. * '''CSO (Civil Society Organization)'''[[Sosiyete sivile]]. * '''CSR''' [[Isanduku y'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi y'u Rwanda]]. == D == * '''DIP''' Gahunda ishyira mu bikorwa politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''DDP''' [[Gahunda y’iterambere ry’Akarere]]. * '''DP''' Abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere. == E == * '''EAC''' [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]] (Umuryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba) (''East African Community''). * '''EALA''' [[Amategeko y’Akarere ka Afurika y’I Burasirazuba]] (''East African Legislative Assembly''). * '''EAR''' [[Itorero Angilikane mu Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Itorero ry’Ubwepibikopi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Anglicane au Rwanda''). * '''EASJ''' [[Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa karindwi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Adventiste du Septieme Jour''). * '''ECCAS''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]]. * '''EDPRS''' [[Ingamba z’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu mu Kurwanya no guhashya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba z’igihugu zigamije iterambere ry’ubukungu no kurwanya ubukene. * '''EEAR''' [[Itorero ry’Ivugabutumwa ry’Inshuti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Evangelique des Amis au Rwanda''). * '''EICV''' Ibarura ku mibereho y’ingo. * '''EMLR''' [[Itorero Metodisite Libre mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Methodiste Libre au Rwanda''). * '''E.NA.RWA.''' [[Itorero ry’Umunazareti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise du Nazareen au Rwanda''). * '''ENE''' [[Ubushakashatsi ku Murimo mu Gihugu]]. * '''EPR''' [[Itorero Peresibiteriyene mu Rwanda]] (''Église presbytérienne au Rwanda''). * '''EX-FAR''' Abitwaga ingabo z’u Rwanda ‘’ ingabo zari iz’ubutegetsi bwakoze jenoside y’abatutsi’’. == F == * '''FAD''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''Fonds Africain de Développement'' ). * '''FAO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Wita ku Buhinzi n’Ibiribwa]] cyangwa [[Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi]] . * '''FOEI''' * '''FRW''' (''Franc Rwandais''). * '''FTPB''' [[Ishami ryigisha ivugabutumwa ry’Abaporotesitanti ry’ i Butare]] (''Faculté de Théologie Protestante de Butare'' ). == G == * '''GDP''' [[Umusaruro w’Imbere mu Gihugu]] (''Gross Domestic Product''). * '''GENDER''' Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n‘umugore. * '''GoR''' Leta y’u Rwanda. * '''GPHC''' [[Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire]]. == H == * '''HIMO''' Imirimo y’ingufu iha abaturage benshi akazi (''Haute intensité de Main d’oeuvre''). * '''HR''' Abakozi. == I == * '''ICT''' Ihererekanyamakuru n’Itumanaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no gutanga amakuru. * '''ICT''' [[Ikoranabuhanga mu Isakazamakuru n'Itangazabumenyi]]. * '''ICTR''' [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda''). * '''ICTSD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development''). * '''IDA''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gitsura Amajyambere]]. * '''IFG''' [[Forumu Mpuzamahanga ku Ikomatanyabukungu]] (''International Forum on Globalisation''). * '''IISD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Institute for Sustainable Development''). * '''ILO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Umurimo]] (''International Labour Organisation''). * '''IMF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] (International Monetary Fund). * '''IMNR''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kurinda no Guhesha Agaciro Umurage w’u Rwanda]]. * '''IRDP''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije Amahoro]] (''Institut de Recherche et de Dialogue pour la Paix''). * '''IRST''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] cyangwa [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] (''Institut de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique''). * '''ISAE''' Ishuri rikuru ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ry'i Busogo. * '''ISAR''' [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi]] (''Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda''). * '''IUCN''' Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi (''International Union for Conservation of Nature''). == J == * '''JADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango igamije iterambere. * '''JPCR''' [[Umuryango w’Ivugabutumwa mu Urubyiruko mu Rwanda]] (''Jeunesse Pour Christ au Rwanda''). == K == *'''KIST''' [[Ishuri Rikuru rya Kigali ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Icungamari]]. == L == * '''LCR''' [[Itorero ry’Abaluteriyani mu Rwanda]] (''Lutheran Church of Rwanda''). * '''LG''' Inzego z’Ibanze. * '''LLBR''' [[Umuryango w’Abasoma Bibiliya mu Rwanda]] (''Ligue pour la Lecture de la Bible''). == M == * '''M&E''' Gusuzuma no Gukurikirana ibikorwa. * '''MDGs''' Intego z’iterambere z’ikinyagihumbi. * '''MDR(PARMEHUTU)''' (''Mouvement Democratique Republicain (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu)''). * '''MHC''' [[Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda]] (''Media High Council''). * '''MIFOTRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo]]. * '''MIGEPROF''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango]]. * '''MINADEF''' [[Minisiteri y’Ingabo]]. * '''MINAFFET''' * '''MINAGRI''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]]. * '''MINALOC''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi by’Igihugu]]. * '''MINECOFIN''' [[Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi]]. * '''MINEDUC''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburezi]]. * '''MINICAAF''' * '''MINICOM''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda]]. * '''MINIJUST''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutabera]]. * '''MININFOR''' * '''MININFRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo]]. * '''MININTER''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutekano mu Gihugu]]. * '''MINIPRESIREP''' * '''MINIRENA''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutungo Kamere]]. * '''MINISANTE''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]]. * '''MINISPOC''' [[Minisiteri y’ Umuco na Siporo]]. * '''MINISTR''' * '''MINIYOUF''' * '''MINIYOUTH''' [[Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko]]. * '''MINUAR''' (''Mission des Nations Unies pour l’Assistance au Rwanda''). * '''MIS''' [[Uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru]]. * '''MRND''' [[Muvoma Revorisiyoneri Nasiyonari Iharanira Amajyambere]] (''Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement''). * '''MSF''' [[Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka]] (''Médecins Sans Frontières''). == N == * '''NACC''' Komisiyo y’igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA (''National AIDS Control Commission''). * '''NEPAD''' [[Ubufatanye Bushya mu Iterambere rya Afurika|Ubufatanye bushya mu iterambere rya Afurika]] cyangwa Ubufatanye bugamije iterambere ry’Afurika (''New Parternship for Africa Development''). * '''NBI''' [[Umushinga w’Ikibaya cy’Uruzi rwa Nili]] . * '''NDIS''' Ubunyamabanga bw’igihugu bushinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NDP''' Politiki y’igihugu yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NEC''' Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora. * '''NFF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya]] (''Nigeria Football Federation''). * '''NGO''' Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta. * '''NISR''' Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare. * '''NPS''' National Prisons Service (Urwego rw’’Igihugu rushinzwe za Gereza). * '''NSS''' [[Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano]]. == O == * '''OAFLA''' [[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] (Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS). * '''ODM''' [[Imigambi y’Iterambere ry’Ikinyagihumbi]] (''Objectifs de Dévéloppement du Millennaire''). * '''OMS''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. * '''ONG''' [[Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] (''Organnisation Non Gouvernementale''). * '''ONU''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]]. * '''OPS''' [[Umuryango Nyamerika w’Ubuzima]]. * '''ORINFOR''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Itangazamakuru]]. * '''ORN''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge]]. * '''ORTPN ''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubukererugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali]] cyangwa Ofisi y'Igihugu y'Ubukerarugendo na Pariki. == P == * '''PACFA''' [[Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA]] (''Protection and Care of Families Against HIV/AIDS'' ). * '''PL''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] (''Parti libéral''). * '''PNILT''' [[Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya]] (''National Malaria Control Programme'' ). * '''PPC''' [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] (''Parti pour le Progrès et la Concorde / Party for Progress and Concord''). * '''PRSP''' [[Gahunda yo Kugabanya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba za Politiki y`Igihugu yo kugabanya ubukene, Inyandiko ikubiyemo ingamba z’igihugu zo kurwanya ubukene (''Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan''). * '''PSP''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere]] (''Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès / Party for Solidarity and Progress''). * '''PSR''' [[Ishyaka ry’Abakozi mu Rwanda]] (''Parti socialiste rwandais''). == R == * '''RADA(Rwanda agriculture development authority)'''[[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi]]. * '''RALGA''' [[Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Uturere n’Umujyi wa Kigali]] (''Rwandese Association of Local Government Authorities''). * '''RARDA(Rwanda animal resources development authority)'''[[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubworozi]]. * '''RDB''' [[Ofisi y’Igihugu y’Ubukerarugendo]] (''Rwanda Development Board''). * '''RDF''' [[Ingabo z’Igihugu]] (''Rwanda Defence Force'').[[Dosiye:Rwanda_Defense_Force_emblem.png|thumb|Rwanda Defense Force emblem]] * '''RDSF''' Ingamba zigamije kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi mu. * '''REMA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije]] cyangwa Ikigo gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (''Rwanda Environment Management Authority''). * '''[[RIEPA]].''' * '''RNP''' Rwanda National Police (Polisi y’Igihugu). * '''RPA''' Rwanda Patriotic Army (Ingabo zari iza RPF-Inkotanyi). * '''RPF ''' Rwandese Patriotic Front. * '''RPPA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Gutunganya Amasoko ya Leta]] (cyangwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta). * '''RRA''' [[Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro]]. * '''R.R.A''' Rwanda Revenue Authority (Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’amahoro). == S == * '''SADC(Southern African development community)''' [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]]. * '''SAP(structural adjustment program)'''[[Gahunda yo Kuvugurura Inzego]]. * '''SJADF(sub-JADF , joint action development forum)'''Ihuriro ry’imiryango ku Mirenge igamije iterambere. * '''SME/SMI(Small and medium enterprise/small and medium industies)'''[[Ibigo n’Inganda Nto n’Iziciriritse]] cyangwa [[Amasosiyete Mato n’Aciriritse]]. * '''SNI''' [[Ingamba y’Igihugu y’Ishoramali]] (''Statégie Nationale d’Investissement''). == T == * '''TPIR''' [[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Ruhana Ibyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda''). * '''TRAC''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] (''Treatment and Research AIDS Center'' ).[[Dosiye:Flag_of_ILO.svg|thumb|Flag of ILO]] == U == * '''UEBR''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Union des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''UN''' cyangwa '''UNO''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] (''United Nations'' cyangwe ''United Nations Organization'' ). * '''UNDP (united nations development programme)'''[[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Majyambere]] [[Dosiye:UNDP_logo.svg|thumb|UNDP logo.]] * '''UNEP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije]][[Dosiye:United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Logo.svg|thumb|United Nations Environment Programme Logo.]][[Dosiye:Flag_of_UNICEF.svg|thumb|Flag of UNICEF]] * '''UNESCO''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco]] . * '''UNHCR''' Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe impunzi. * '''UNICEF''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi n’Abana]] ''cyangwa'' Umuryango w’Abibumye ryita ku bana , Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe abana.[[Dosiye:UNHCR.svg|thumb|UNHCR]] == V == * '''VAT (value added tax)'''Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro. * '''VUP (vision 2020 umurenge program)'''Gahunda y’Icyerekezo 2020-Umurenge. == W == * '''WCO''' [[Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe za Gasutamo]] (''World Customs Organization'').[[Dosiye:UNESCO.svg|thumb|UNESCO]] * '''WHO''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. [[Dosiye:World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg|thumb|World Health Organization Logo]] * '''WTO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubucuruzi]] (''World Trade Organization'').[[Dosiye:World_Trade_Organization_(logo_and_wordmark).svg|thumb|World Trade Organization (logo and wordmark)]] * '''WWF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere]] (''World Wide Fund for Nature''). [[Category:Indimi]] s8xqget700k0xhar3hhx89ez237ppli 130187 130184 2026-04-05T05:37:17Z Baraka official 17008 Guhindura amagambo ahinnye 130187 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abreviatures.png|thumb|amagambo yimine]] '''Amagambo ahinnye''' cyangwa '''Amagambo y’impine''' == A == * '''ADEPR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero ya Pantekoti mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises de Pentecote au Rwanda''). * '''ADF''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''African Development Fund'' ). * '''AEBR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''AEC''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] (African Economic Community). * '''AEE''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Ivugabutumwa]] (''African Evangelistic Enterprise''). * '''AfDB''' [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] (''African Development Bank'' ).[[Dosiye:Logo_Afrikanische_Entwicklungsbank.svg|thumb|Logo ''African Development Bank'' (AFDB)]] * '''A.L.A.R.M.''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Imiyoborere myiza n’Ubwiyunge]](''African Leadership and Reconciliation Ministries''). * '''AMCOW (African Ministers' Council On Water )'''[[Inama y’abaminisitiri b’ibihugu by’Afurika ku kibazo cy’amazi]] . * '''ARADETWA''' (''Assosiation pour le relèvement dèmocratique des Twa''). * '''ATU''' [[Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba]] (''Anti Terrorism Unit''). * '''AU''' (African Union)[[Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika]]. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg|thumb|Flag of the African Union]] == B == * '''BADEA''' [[Banki y’Abarabu Itsura Amajyambere muri Afurika]] (''Bank for Economic Development in Africa''). * '''BHR(Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda)''' [[Banki y’Imiturire y’u Rwanda]] . * '''BK''' [[Banki ya Kigali]]. * '''BNEP''' [[Ibiro by’Igihugu by’imyigishirize y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Bureau National de l’Enseignement Protestant''). * '''BPR''' [[Banki y'Abaturage y'u Rwanda]] (''Banque Populaire du Rwanda''). * '''BRD''' [[Banki y’u Rwanda itsura amajyambere]] ( Rwanda Development Bank). == C == * '''CAF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika]] (''Confédération Africaine de Football''). * '''CBGs''' Amatsinda akorera mu baturage ( Community Based on Groups). * '''CBO (Community-Based Organization)''' Amashyirahamwe akorera mu baturage. * '''CDC ( Committee of Development Community)''' [[Komite y’Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDF''' (Community Development Fund)[[Ikigega cya Leta gitsura Amajyambere Rusange]]. * '''CDR''' (''Coalition pour la Défense de la République''). * '''CEPEX''' ( Centre for the promotion of Exports and External Finance) Ibiro by’igihugu bishinzwe ishoramari n’inkunga ituruka hanze y’igihugu. * '''CEPGL''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari]] (''Communauté Économique des Pays des Grands Lacs''). * '''CESCA''' Ihuriro ry’Abayobozi bakuru bashinzwe imicungire ya za Gereza mu bihugu by’Iburasirazuba, Amajyepfo, na Afrika yo hagati; (''Conference of Eastern, Southern and Central African Heads of Correctional Service''). * '''CG (Central Government)''' Inzego nkuru za Leta. * '''cg''' cyangwa. * '''CHUK (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali)'''[[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali]]. * '''CI''' [[Abaguzi Mpuzamahanga]] (''Consumers International''). * '''CIEL''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije]] (''Center for International Environmental Law''). * '''CMAC(Capital Market Advisory committee)'''[[Isoko ry’Imari n’Imıgabane]] . * '''CNLG (Commission National for the Fight Against Genocide)'''[[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside]]. * '''COMESA''' [[Umuryango w’Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo]] cyangwa Umuryango w’ubuhahirane[[Dosiye:Logo Comesa.svg|thumb|Comesa-logo]]bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’amajyepfo, Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba no mu Majyepfo ya Afurika (''Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa''). * '''CPR''' [[Inama y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Conseil Protestant du Rwanda''). * '''CRC (Citizen Report Card)'''Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kugaragaza uko umuturage yishimira serivisi ahabwa. * '''CSC(Citizen satisfaction consultantion)'''Uburyo abaturage bishyize hamwe bagaragaza uko bishimira serivisi bahabwa. * '''CSO (Civil Society Organization)'''[[Sosiyete sivile]]. * '''CSR''' [[Isanduku y'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi y'u Rwanda]]. == D == * '''DIP''' Gahunda ishyira mu bikorwa politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''DDP''' [[Gahunda y’iterambere ry’Akarere]]. * '''DP''' Abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere. == E == * '''EAC''' [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]] (Umuryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba) (''East African Community''). * '''EALA''' [[Amategeko y’Akarere ka Afurika y’I Burasirazuba]] (''East African Legislative Assembly''). * '''EAR''' [[Itorero Angilikane mu Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Itorero ry’Ubwepibikopi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Anglicane au Rwanda''). * '''EASJ''' [[Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa karindwi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Adventiste du Septieme Jour''). * '''ECCAS''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]]. * '''EDPRS''' [[Ingamba z’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu mu Kurwanya no guhashya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba z’igihugu zigamije iterambere ry’ubukungu no kurwanya ubukene. * '''EEAR''' [[Itorero ry’Ivugabutumwa ry’Inshuti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Evangelique des Amis au Rwanda''). * '''EICV''' Ibarura ku mibereho y’ingo. * '''EMLR''' [[Itorero Metodisite Libre mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Methodiste Libre au Rwanda''). * '''E.NA.RWA.''' [[Itorero ry’Umunazareti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise du Nazareen au Rwanda''). * '''ENE''' [[Ubushakashatsi ku Murimo mu Gihugu]]. * '''EPR''' [[Itorero Peresibiteriyene mu Rwanda]] (''Église presbytérienne au Rwanda''). * '''EX-FAR''' Abitwaga ingabo z’u Rwanda ‘’ ingabo zari iz’ubutegetsi bwakoze jenoside y’abatutsi’’. == F == * '''FAD''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''Fonds Africain de Développement'' ). * '''FAO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Wita ku Buhinzi n’Ibiribwa]] cyangwa [[Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi]] . * '''FOEI''' * '''FRW''' (''Franc Rwandais''). * '''FTPB''' [[Ishami ryigisha ivugabutumwa ry’Abaporotesitanti ry’ i Butare]] (''Faculté de Théologie Protestante de Butare'' ). == G == * '''GDP''' [[Umusaruro w’Imbere mu Gihugu]] (''Gross Domestic Product''). * '''GENDER''' Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n‘umugore. * '''GoR''' Leta y’u Rwanda. * '''GPHC''' [[Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire]]. == H == * '''HIMO''' Imirimo y’ingufu iha abaturage benshi akazi (''Haute intensité de Main d’oeuvre''). * '''HR''' Abakozi. == I == * '''ICT''' Ihererekanyamakuru n’Itumanaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no gutanga amakuru. * '''ICT''' [[Ikoranabuhanga mu Isakazamakuru n'Itangazabumenyi]]. * '''ICTR''' [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda''). * '''ICTSD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development''). * '''IDA''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gitsura Amajyambere]]. * '''IFG''' [[Forumu Mpuzamahanga ku Ikomatanyabukungu]] (''International Forum on Globalisation''). * '''IISD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Institute for Sustainable Development''). * '''ILO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Umurimo]] (''International Labour Organisation''). * '''IMF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] (International Monetary Fund). * '''IMNR''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kurinda no Guhesha Agaciro Umurage w’u Rwanda]]. * '''IRDP''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije Amahoro]] (''Institut de Recherche et de Dialogue pour la Paix''). * '''IRST''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] cyangwa [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] (''Institut de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique''). * '''ISAE''' Ishuri rikuru ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ry'i Busogo. * '''ISAR''' [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi]] (''Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda''). * '''IUCN''' Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi (''International Union for Conservation of Nature''). == J == * '''JADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango igamije iterambere. * '''JPCR''' [[Umuryango w’Ivugabutumwa mu Urubyiruko mu Rwanda]] (''Jeunesse Pour Christ au Rwanda''). == K == *'''KIST''' [[Ishuri Rikuru rya Kigali ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Icungamari]]. == L == * '''LCR''' [[Itorero ry’Abaluteriyani mu Rwanda]] (''Lutheran Church of Rwanda''). * '''LG''' Inzego z’Ibanze. * '''LLBR''' [[Umuryango w’Abasoma Bibiliya mu Rwanda]] (''Ligue pour la Lecture de la Bible''). == M == * '''M&E''' Gusuzuma no Gukurikirana ibikorwa. * '''MDGs''' Intego z’iterambere z’ikinyagihumbi. * '''MDR(PARMEHUTU)''' (''Mouvement Democratique Republicain (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu)''). * '''MHC''' [[Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda]] (''Media High Council''). * '''MIFOTRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo]]. * '''MIGEPROF''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango]]. * '''MINADEF''' [[Minisiteri y’Ingabo]]. * '''MINAFFET''' * '''MINAGRI''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]]. * '''MINALOC''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi by’Igihugu]]. * '''MINECOFIN''' [[Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi]]. * '''MINEDUC''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburezi]]. * '''MINICAAF''' * '''MINICOM''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda]]. * '''MINIJUST''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutabera]]. * '''MININFOR''' * '''MININFRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo]]. * '''MININTER''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutekano mu Gihugu]]. * '''MINIPRESIREP''' * '''MINIRENA''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutungo Kamere]]. * '''MINISANTE''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]]. * '''MINISPOC''' [[Minisiteri y’ Umuco na Siporo]]. * '''MINISTR''' * '''MINIYOUF''' * '''MINIYOUTH''' [[Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko]]. * '''MINUAR''' (''Mission des Nations Unies pour l’Assistance au Rwanda''). * '''MIS''' [[Uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru]]. * '''MRND''' [[Muvoma Revorisiyoneri Nasiyonari Iharanira Amajyambere]] (''Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement''). * '''MSF''' [[Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka]] (''Médecins Sans Frontières''). == N == * '''NACC''' Komisiyo y’igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA (''National AIDS Control Commission''). * '''NEPAD''' [[Ubufatanye Bushya mu Iterambere rya Afurika|Ubufatanye bushya mu iterambere rya Afurika]] cyangwa Ubufatanye bugamije iterambere ry’Afurika (''New Parternship for Africa Development''). * '''NBI''' [[Umushinga w’Ikibaya cy’Uruzi rwa Nili]] . * '''NDIS''' Ubunyamabanga bw’igihugu bushinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NDP''' Politiki y’igihugu yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. * '''NEC''' Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora. * '''NFF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya]] (''Nigeria Football Federation''). * '''NGO''' Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta. * '''NISR''' Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare. * '''NPS''' National Prisons Service (Urwego rw’’Igihugu rushinzwe za Gereza). * '''NSS''' [[Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano]]. == O == * '''OAFLA''' [[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] (Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS). * '''ODM''' [[Imigambi y’Iterambere ry’Ikinyagihumbi]] (''Objectifs de Dévéloppement du Millennaire''). * '''WHO(world Health Organization)'''Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. * '''NGO''' [[Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] (''Non governmental organization)''. * '''UN(United Nations)'''[[Umuryango w’Abibumye]]. * '''PAHO(Pan American Health Organization)'''[[Umuryango Nyamerika w’Ubuzima]]. * '''ORINFOR''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Itangazamakuru]]. * '''ORN''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge]]. * '''ORTPN ''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubukererugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali]] cyangwa Ofisi y'Igihugu y'Ubukerarugendo na Pariki. == P == * '''PACFA''' [[Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA]] (''Protection and Care of Families Against HIV/AIDS'' ). * '''PL''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] (''Parti libéral''). * '''PNILT''' [[Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya]] (''National Malaria Control Programme'' ). * '''PPC''' [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] (''Parti pour le Progrès et la Concorde / Party for Progress and Concord''). * '''PRSP''' [[Gahunda yo Kugabanya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba za Politiki y`Igihugu yo kugabanya ubukene, Inyandiko ikubiyemo ingamba z’igihugu zo kurwanya ubukene (''Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan''). * '''PSP''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere]] (''Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès / Party for Solidarity and Progress''). * '''PSR''' [[Ishyaka ry’Abakozi mu Rwanda]] (''Parti socialiste rwandais''). == R == * '''RADA(Rwanda agriculture development authority)'''[[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi]]. * '''RALGA''' [[Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Uturere n’Umujyi wa Kigali]] (''Rwandese Association of Local Government Authorities''). * '''RARDA(Rwanda animal resources development authority)'''[[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubworozi]]. * '''RDB''' [[Ofisi y’Igihugu y’Ubukerarugendo]] (''Rwanda Development Board''). * '''RDF''' [[Ingabo z’Igihugu]] (''Rwanda Defence Force'').[[Dosiye:Rwanda_Defense_Force_emblem.png|thumb|Rwanda Defense Force emblem]] * '''RDSF''' Ingamba zigamije kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi mu. * '''REMA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije]] cyangwa Ikigo gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (''Rwanda Environment Management Authority''). * '''[[RIEPA]].''' * '''RNP''' Rwanda National Police (Polisi y’Igihugu). * '''RPA''' Rwanda Patriotic Army (Ingabo zari iza RPF-Inkotanyi). * '''RPF ''' Rwandese Patriotic Front. * '''RPPA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Gutunganya Amasoko ya Leta]] (cyangwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta). * '''RRA''' [[Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro]]. * '''R.R.A''' Rwanda Revenue Authority (Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’amahoro). == S == * '''SADC(Southern African development community)''' [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]]. * '''SAP(structural adjustment program)'''[[Gahunda yo Kuvugurura Inzego]]. * '''SJADF(sub-JADF , joint action development forum)'''Ihuriro ry’imiryango ku Mirenge igamije iterambere. * '''SME/SMI(Small and medium enterprise/small and medium industies)'''[[Ibigo n’Inganda Nto n’Iziciriritse]] cyangwa [[Amasosiyete Mato n’Aciriritse]]. * '''SNI''' [[Ingamba y’Igihugu y’Ishoramali]] (''Statégie Nationale d’Investissement''). == T == * '''TPIR''' [[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Ruhana Ibyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda''). * '''TRAC''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] (''Treatment and Research AIDS Center'' ).[[Dosiye:Flag_of_ILO.svg|thumb|Flag of ILO]] == U == * '''UEBR''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Union des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda''). * '''UN''' cyangwa '''UNO''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] (''United Nations'' cyangwe ''United Nations Organization'' ). * '''UNDP (united nations development programme)'''[[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Majyambere]] [[Dosiye:UNDP_logo.svg|thumb|UNDP logo.]] * '''UNEP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije]][[Dosiye:United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Logo.svg|thumb|United Nations Environment Programme Logo.]][[Dosiye:Flag_of_UNICEF.svg|thumb|Flag of UNICEF]] * '''UNESCO''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco]] . * '''UNHCR''' Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe impunzi. * '''UNICEF''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi n’Abana]] ''cyangwa'' Umuryango w’Abibumye ryita ku bana , Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe abana.[[Dosiye:UNHCR.svg|thumb|UNHCR]] == V == * '''VAT (value added tax)'''Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro. * '''VUP (vision 2020 umurenge program)'''Gahunda y’Icyerekezo 2020-Umurenge. == W == * '''WCO''' [[Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe za Gasutamo]] (''World Customs Organization'').[[Dosiye:UNESCO.svg|thumb|UNESCO]] * '''WHO''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima. [[Dosiye:World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg|thumb|World Health Organization Logo]] * '''WTO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubucuruzi]] (''World Trade Organization'').[[Dosiye:World_Trade_Organization_(logo_and_wordmark).svg|thumb|World Trade Organization (logo and wordmark)]] * '''WWF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere]] (''World Wide Fund for Nature''). [[Category:Indimi]] lkr2sqcaf8b0k1ubt4ms72me5niwz4s 0 3276 130169 128781 2026-04-04T21:29:30Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130169 wikitext text/x-wiki Akarere ka Ngoma ni kamwe mu turere mirongo itatu (30) Tugize Igihugu cy'U [[rwanda]] gaherereye mu ntara y'Iburasirazuba . Ni akarere gafite amateka akomeye ndetse gaherereye ahantu heza, ka kaba gafite byinshi byihariye mu bijyanyen’ubukungu, [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]], n'[[iterambere]]. Reka nkuganirie ku bintu bimwe na bimwe by’ingenzi kuri ako karere: === 1. Ubuyobozi n'Imiterere y'Akarere. === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">Akarere ka Ngoma gafite umujyi mukuru witwa Kibungo, ni akarere kayobowe na NIYONAGIRA Nathalie kandi kagizwe n’imirenge cumi n'ine (14). Ngoma ni kamwe mu turere 7 tugize intara y'Iburasirazuba. ni akarere gafite imihanda myinshi kandi myiza aha twavuga umuhanda uri kubakwa wa ngoma - Ramiro,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">Akarere ka Ngoma kagizwe n'imirenge cumi n'ine (14). Dore urutonde rw'imirenge iri muri ako karere: Tugira Umurenge wa</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">1. Jarama uhana n'igihungu cy'uburundi n'akarere ka Bugesera,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">2. Mutenderi uhana imbibi n'akarere ka Kirehe mu murenge wa Gahara ndetse n'igihugu cy'Uburundi,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">3. Gashanda,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">4. Karembo,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">5. Kazo,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">6. Kibungo,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">7. Mugesera,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">8. Murama,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">9. Remera,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">10. Rukira,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">11. Rukumberi,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">12. Rurenge,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">13. Sake,</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">14. Zaza</span> === === <span lang="rw" dir="ltr">Iyi mirenge yose ifite uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'akarere ka Ngoma, haba mu bukungu, uburezi, ubuzima, ndetse no mu bikorwa by'ubukerarugendo. Abaturage biyi mirenge bakora cyane mu buhinzi, ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi, ndetse no mu bindi bikorwa by'iterambere by'akarere .</span> === === 2. Ubukungu === * Ubuhinzi: Akarere ka Ngoma [[gashora]] imbaraga nyinshi mu buhinzi cyane cyane mu buhinzi bw’ibigori mudusanga mu mirima yahujwe cyane cyane mu murenge wa Jarama, imyumbati,inanasi zikunda kuboneka mu murenge wa Mugesera,Urutoki dusanga mu murenge wa rukira n’ibindi bihingwa by'ibiribwa. Gufasha abaturage kubona amahirwe yo guteza imbere ubutaka, gukoresha amahame y'ubuhinzi bunoze, ni ingenzi mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’akarere. * Ubucuruzi n’inganda: Kugeza ubu, Ngoma yagiye igira uruhare mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi no gushyigikira ibikorwa byo kubaka ibikorwa remezo n'inganda. Umujyi wa Kibungo ni nk’icyerekezo cy’ubucuruzi muri ako karere, aho abacuruzi n’abashoramari bahurira mu bikorwa bitandukanye. === 3. Aho Akarere Ka Ngoma Kagiye Gushyira Imbaraga mu Iterambere === * Ibikorwaremezo: Akarere ka Ngoma kagize impinduka zikomeye mu bijyanye n'ibikorwa remezo, harimo ibikorwa byo kubaka imihanda, amashuri, n'ibigo nderabuzima. Gukomeza kwita ku kubaka ibikorwa remezo ni kimwe mu byitezweho guteza imbere imibereho y’abaturage. * Uburezi: Akarere ka Ngoma kagize imishinga ikomeye mu gutanga amahirwe ku bana ku rwego rw’amashuri, harimo amashuri yisumbuye n'amashuri abanza. Ibi byafashije mu kuzamura ireme ry’uburezi mu karere. Soma byinshi kuri <ref>{{cite web |last=Umwanditsi |date=15 June 2025 |title=Ibizakorwa mu mwaka wa 2025-2026 mu Karere ka Ngoma |url=https://imihigonews.blogspot.com/2025/06/ibizakorwa-mu-mwaka-wa-2025-2026-mu-karere-ka-ngoma.html |access-date=29 June 2025 |website=IMIHIGO NEWS}}</ref> === 4. Akarere Ka Ngoma mu Muryango w’Umuco n’Ubukerarugendo === * Imikino: [[Umupira w’amaguru|Umupira w'amaguru]] ni kimwe mu bintu bikurura urubyiruko muri Ngoma. Bimwe mu bikorwa by’umupira biba mu mirenge yose igize akarere ka Ngoma, aha twavuga nk'igikombe cya Kagame Cup gihuza imirenge muri uyu mwaka umukino wanyuma wabaye muri Gashyantare igikombe gitwarwa n'umurenge wa Jarama utsinze umurenge wa Mugesera reba inkuru hano Umurenge wa Jarama mu Karere ka Ngoma watsindiye irushanwa rya Kagame Cup 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-06-28 |title=Ngoma – Jarama yongeye kwegukana Umurenge Kagame Cup 2025 (Amafoto) |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-jarama-yongeye-kwegukana-umurenge-kagame-cup-2025amafoto/ |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Muhazi Yacu}}</ref> Kanda [https://www.imihigonews.rw/2026/01/ngoma-finali-umurenge-kagame-cup-2026.html aha] ndetse n'amakipe y'umupira w'amaguru agira uruhare mu gukurura abafana n’abakunzi b’imikino mu rwanda aho usanga akarere ka ngoma ka gira ikipe ikina muri champion leage yo mu rwanda yitwa etoile de l'est, Akarere ka ngoma kandi kagira abakinnyi benshi bakinira igihugu [[amavubi]] nkuko bigaragazwa n'ikipe y'akarere ka ngoma Mu marushanwa ya Kagame Cup 2025 yabereye ku rwego rw’[[Intara y’Iburasirazuba]], Akarere ka Ngoma ni ko kaje ku isonga, kwegukana igikombe.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-06-28 |title=Ngoma yongeye kwisubiza Igikombe cy’Amahurushanwa y’Umurenge Kagame Cup ku rwego rw’Intara y’Iburasirazuba |url=https://www.ngoma.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ngoma-yongeye-kwisubiza-igikombe-cyamarushanwa-umurenge-kagame-cup-ku-rwego-rwintara-yiburasirazuba |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Ngoma District |publisher=Government of Rwanda}}</ref>. * Umuco n'Ubukerarugendo: Akarere ka Ngoma kagaragaza byinshi mu bijyanye n’ubukerarugendo, nko gusura ibiyaga, igira ibiyaga byiza cyane kandi bifite ibyiza nyaburanga aha twavuga nk'ikiyaga cya sake,Mugesera na birira ndetse n'umugezi w'akagera n'ahantu nyaburanga ndetse n'amahoteri agezweho nka east gate hotel y'ubatse mu murenge wa kibungo ndetse na hoteli ya mugesera na zaza Ku nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Mugesera mu murenge wa Zaza, hari kubakwa hoteli y’inyenyeri eshanu yitwa “Lakeside Recreation Resort,” igenda itera imbere mu mishinga y’ishoramari mu karere<ref>{{cite web |author=Angelo Manzi |date=2024-11-09 |title=Ngoma: Turebe ubwiza bwa hoteli iri kubakwa ku nkengero z’Ikiyaga cya Mugesera (Amafoto) |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-turebe-ubwiza-bwa-hoteli-iri-kubakwa-ku-nkengero-zikiyaga-cya-mugeseraamafoto/ |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Muhazi Yacu |archive-date=2024-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107100103/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-turebe-ubwiza-bwa-hoteli-iri-kubakwa-ku-nkengero-zikiyaga-cya-mugeseraamafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>,amateka nko gusura urwibutso rwa jenoside ruri i rukumberi ndetse na kibungo. Nubwo ibi ari bike mu byo Akarere ka Ngoma kigaragaza mu bijyanye n’umuco n’ubukerarugendo, haracyari byinshi bitarandikwa cyangwa bitaragarukwaho birimo ibyihariye mu mico gakondo, ubukorikori, n’inkuru z’amateka zishingiye ku biranga uturere twacyo twose. Tuzagaruka mu gice gikurikira ku bindi byihishe inyuma y’uru rwego rw’ubukerarugendo rukomeje kwaguka. Mu gihe Akarere ka Ngoma gakomeje gutera imbere mu bijyanye n’ubukerarugendo, hari byinshi bikigaragara mu bikorwa biri mu nzego z’umuco n’amateka yaho. Ushaka kureba mu buryo burambuye, wareba iyi video yasohowe na Tera Media Rwanda ikubiyemo byinshi kuri ayo mateka n’ubwiza nyaburanga bw’akarere<ref>{{cite video|title=Ngoma: Umuco n’Ubukerarugendo – Reba ibyiza by’akarere|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8sJ529m5nlQ|publisher=Tera Media Rwanda|date=2025-06-29|access-date=2025-06-29}}</ref>. '''Amateka n'Ubukungu bwa Kera mu Karere ka Ngoma''' '''Imiryango ya Kera:''' Akarere ka Ngoma karangwa n'imiryango ifite amateka akomeye. Harimo abavukamo abantu b'ingenzi ndetse n'abari bafite imirimo ifite agaciro ku rwego rw'igihugu mu bihe byashize, ntabwo twakirengagiza ko ngoma ifite n'abaturage bafite inkomoko y'iburundi kubera ko ituriye umupaka aha twavuga nk'abaturage bo mu murenge wa Jarama na Mutenderi. '''Amateka y'Akarere:''' Ngoma, kimwe n'ibindi bice by'u Rwanda, ifite amateka yihariye ava mu gihe cy'ubukoloni ndetse n’igihe cy’ubwigenge. Nyuma y’ubwigenge muri 1962, Ngoma yabaye kimwe mu turere twagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’[[igihugu]]. '''Amateka y’Ubukoloni:''' - Mu gihe cy’ubukoloni bw’[[Ububiligi|Ababiligi]], Ngoma yari imwe mu turere twari mu miyoborere y’abami b’u Rwanda. Abakoloni baje bashyiraho imipaka mishya n’uburyo bushya bw’imiyoborere, ariko abaturage bakomeje kubaho mu muco n’imigenzo byabo. Ngoma yanabaye igice cy’Ubwami bwa Kabuye na Bugesera. '''Amateka mu Igihe cy’Ubwigenge:''' - Nyuma y’ubwigenge, Ngoma yabaye igice cy’ingenzi cy’ubuyobozi n’iterambere. Imijyi ikomeye nk’iya Kibungo yabaye igicumbi cy’imiyoborere n’iterambere mu bice bitandukanye. '''Iterambere ry’Ubukungu:''' Ngoma yagize uruhare mu guteza imbere ubukungu bw’igihugu biciye mu buhinzi, ubucuruzi n’uburezi. Imihanda yashyizweho yarushijeho koroshya ubucuruzi no gutura neza. '''Imiyoborere:''' - Ngoma yagiye igira imiyoborere ishingiye ku gukemura ibibazo by’abaturage no gushyira imbere gahunda z’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza. Yagize uruhare mu miyoborere y’Intara y’Iburasirazuba. '''Amateka n’Umuco:''' Ngoma ifite imiryango n’imigenzo gakondo ifite amateka y’ingenzi. Hari imihango, indirimbo n’inkuru za kera zigaragaza imiterere y’abaturage. Umuco wakomeje kubungabungwa binyuze mu bikorwa by’abaturage n’inzego z’ubuyobozi. '''Igihe cy’Intambara n’Ubwiyunge:''' - Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Ngoma yashyize imbaraga mu kunga ubumwe, gufasha abacitse ku icumu no gusana igihugu. Hari ibikorwa byo kubaka amahoro arambye n’iterambere rishingiye ku bumwe. '''Imishinga ya Kera n’Ishema ry’Akarere:''' Ngoma yashyize imbere imishinga ishingiye ku muco n’iterambere, harimo ubuhinzi, uburezi, ubuzima, n’ibikorwa remezo. Ibi byatumye aka karere kaba intangarugero mu rugendo rwo kwiyubaka. '''Ubukungu bwa Kera:''' '''- Ubuhinzi:''' Ngoma ni akarere karangwamo ubuhinzi bw’ibigori, imyumbati, ibinyomoro n’ibindi. Hakoreshwa uburyo bugezweho mu kongera umusaruro, harimo ikoranabuhanga, ingemwe z’indobanure n’amafaranga yo gufasha abahinzi. '''Ubucuruzi:''' Hari isoko rikomeye i Kazo,Jarama mu ka Gari ka kigoma ahazwi ku izina rya Mubaha,Gafunzo,Mugesera,Kigarama mu murenge wa Gashyanda, Gintashya mu murenge wa Kibungo,Mutenderi,Karembo ndetse n'isoko rikuru rya kibungo, rihuza ibicuruzwa n’abaguzi. Imihanda myiza n’ubushobozi bw’abaturage byateye imbere ubucuruzi. '''Inganda n’Ibikorwa Remezo:'''Akarere gafasha mu kubaka inganda, amasoko n’ibindi bikorwa bifasha mu iterambere ry’ubukungu. Ibi byongereye amahirwe y’imirimo. '''Ibikorwa Remezo:''' '''Imihanda n’Itumanaho:''' Ngoma ifite imihanda myiza ijya mu bice bitandukanye. Hari n’itumanaho rigezweho rifasha abaturage kugera ku makuru no guhanahana ibitekerezo, ndetse bakagira Radio Izuba ivugira ku 100 Fm,Ibitaro bya Kibungo bigezweho. '''Uburezi:''' Hari amashuri menshi yisumbuye n’abanza, hakiyongeraho ibigo byigisha ubumenyi ngiro n’ubumenyi ku bantu bakuru. '''Ubuvuzi:''' Ibigo nderabuzima byegerejwe abaturage hirya no hino. Hatangwa serivisi z’ubuzima zirimo gukingira, kuvura indwara n’ubujyanama ku mibereho. Akarere ka Ngoma gakomeje kugaragaza amateka akomeye n’uruhare rufatika mu guteza imbere imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Mu nkuru itaha, tuzagaruka ku ruhare rw’Akarere mu bijyanye n’ubukerarugendo, aho ibisigazwa by’amateka, ibiyaga n’imico yihariye bigize ishingiro ry’iterambere rirambye. === 5. Amateka n'Ubukungu bwa Kera === * Imiryango ya Kera: Akarere ka Ngoma karangwa n'imiryango ifite amateka, aho hari abavukamo b'ingenzi n'abari bafite imirimo ifite agaciro mu gihugu mu bihe byashize. Akarere ka Ngoma kagira amateka akomeye cyane, aho kagiye gushinga imizi mu bice bitandukanye by'ubuzima bw'abaturage, imiyoborere, ndetse no mu bikorwa by'ubukungu. Reka tuganire ku mateka y'ako karere muri rusange: '''1. Amateka ya Kera''' Akarere ka Ngoma, nk'ibindi bice by'u Rwanda, gafite amateka yihariye aturuka mu gihe cy'ubukoloni ndetse n'igihe cy'ubwigenge. Nyuma y'ubwigenge bw'u Rwanda muri 1962, Ngoma yabaye kimwe mu turere twari mu karere k’iburasirazuba, kikagira uruhare mu gutera imbere kw'igihugu. Aha twavuga amateka atigeze yitabwaho nko mu murenge wa [https://www.imihigonews.rw/2026/03/jarama-ngoma-umurenge-umeze-nkikirwa-hagati-yakagera-rweru-na-sake-amateka-yakanigo.html Jarama] ==== Amateka y'Ubukoloni ==== * Ubukoloni bw'Ababiligi: Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni, Ngoma yari imwe mu turere abami b’u Rwanda bari bafite imiyoborere myiza, ariko abakoroni '''Amateka y’Ubukoloni:''' Mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, Akarere ka Ngoma, kimwe n'ahandi mu Rwanda, kagaragaraga mu mikorere y’ubwami bw’u Rwanda bwari buyobowe n’abami bemewe n’umuco nyarwanda. Icyakora, ubwo Ababiligi baje gukoloniza igihugu, bashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo kuyobora binyuze mu gukoresha abami nk’abahuza n’ubutegetsi bwabo (indirect rule). Ibi byatumye imiyoborere ya gakondo igenda isubizwa inyuma, ububasha bwinshi bujyanwa mu biganza by’abakoloni, bityo abaturage ntibagire ijambo mu byemezo byafatwaga Mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, Ababiligi bashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo kuyobora igihugu, buzwi nka ''indirect rule'', aho bakoreshaga abami b’u Rwanda nk’abahuza n’ubutegetsi bwabo. Ibi byari bigamije kugumana isura y’imiyoborere gakondo ariko bituma ububasha nyakuri bujyanwa mu maboko y’abakoloni [1] Gatwa, Tharcisse. ''La hiérarchisation ethnique et la démocratisation au Rwanda et au Burundi''. L'Harmattan, 2002. [2] Newbury, Catharine. ''The Cohesion of Oppression: Clientship and Ethnicity in Rwanda, 1860–1960''. Columbia University Press, 1988. [3] Prunier, Gérard. ''The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide''. Columbia University Press, 1995..babishyizeho uburyo bw’imikorere bushya. Abakoloni bashyizeho imipaka itandukanye, ariko imiterere ya Ngoma ntiyabahungabanyije cyane, kuko abanyarwanda b'ingeri zose bari bafite uburyo bwo kubaho n'ubuyobozi bwabo bwite. * Amateka y’Ubuyobozi: Ngoma yabaye akarere k’ibanze mu bwami bwa Kabuye na Bugesera, aho hafitwe amateka ashingiye ku moko, umuco, n’ubuyobozi. === 2. Amateka mu Igihe cy'Ubwigenge === Mu gihe cy’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda muri 1962, Akarere ka Ngoma ni kamwe mu turere twabayeho nyuma y’umwihariko w’ibibazo by’ubuyobozi mu bice by’igihugu. Iyi ntambwe yaje nyuma y'ihagarikwa ry'ubukoloni n'amahoro yageze ku baturage b'u Rwanda, ariko imijyi ikomeye nk’iyo muri Ngoma yarahindutse umusingi w’iterambere rigezweho mu nzego nyinshi. === 3. Ibikorwa by'Iterambere === * Iterambere ry'ubukungu: Nyuma y’ubwigenge, Akarere ka Ngoma kagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda, cyane mu bijyanye n’ubuhinzi, ubucuruzi, ndetse n’uburezi. Ibi byatumye Akarere ka Ngoma kigaragara nk'ahantu hashyigikira ubuzima bw’abaturage, kubera ibikorwa byo kubaka ibikorwa remezo n’ibigo by'ubucuruzi bikomeye. * Imihanda n'inzira zo gufasha Iterambere: Imihanda yagiye itunganywa no kugera ku bice byinshi by’akarere, bityo abaturage bashobora kubona amahirwe yo kwihangira imirimo no gutura mu duce dufite imbaraga. === 4. Imiyoborere n'Ibikorwa by'Ubuyobozi === Akarere ka Ngoma, nk'ahandi mu Rwanda, kagize imiyoborere ihoraho mu bihe bitandukanye. Muri iyo miyoborere, mu myaka yashize Akarere ka Ngoma kabaye igicumbi cy’imiyoborere mu ntara, kikaba cyarakoze byinshi mu kwita ku bibazo by’abaturage no gushyira imbere gahunda zo guhangana n’ibibazo by’ubukene n’ubuzima. === 5. Amateka n’Umuco === * Imiryango ya Kera: Akarere ka Ngoma karangwa n’imiryango n’imigenzo gakondo ifite amateka y’ingenzi. Ibi byatumye abagize amakuru y’akarere baba imiryango y'ingenzi mu kubungabunga umuco w’ubukoroni ndetse no kugendera ku muco gakondo. * Umuco: Akarere ka Ngoma kagaragaza byinshi ku muco n’imihango ya kera. Hari ibikorwa by’imihango byagiye bikorwa muri aka karere, bigaragaza imibereho n’imigenzo y'abaturage bakuranye nk’ijambo, indirimbo, ndetse n’udukoryo two mu muco. === 6. Amateka mu Bihe by’Ubutabera n’Intambara === Akarere ka Ngoma gashobora kuba kafashije mu bihe by’intambara, ariko nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Ngoma, kimwe n'ibindi bice by'u Rwanda, yagiye igerageza guhindura amateka yayo no gukomeza guteza imbere igihugu. * Gahunda zo gufasha abaturage: Muri iyi myaka, Ngoma yashyizeho ibikorwa byo kunga ubumwe no gufasha abacitse ku icumu no gusubiza abakoze ibyaha mu nzira yo kuganirwa no kunga ubumwe, ikindi gice k'terambere cyihutishijwe ni ibikorwa byo gusana no kubaka igihugu. === 7. Gukora Imishinga ya Kera n'Ishema ry'Akarere === Akarere ka Ngoma gashimangira umuco w’abanyarwanda, hakabaho imishinga ya kera yunganira imibereho y’abaturage mu bijyanye n’uburezi, ubuzima, ndetse no kubaka ibikorwa remezo bihagije. * Ubukungu bwa Kera: Mbere y'ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi n'ubucuruzi, Ngoma yagiye iba urutonde rw'ibice byagize uruhare mu gukura igihugu cy'u Rwanda mu bihe by’amateka y'ubukoloni. === 1.Bukungu === Akarere ka Ngoma kagerageje gushyira imbere ibijyanye n'ubukungu, haba mu buhinzi, ubucuruzi, ndetse no mu gukora inganda n'ibindi bikorwa by'iterambere. * Ubuhinzi: Akarere ka Ngoma karangwa cyane n'ubuhinzi, aho abaturage bakora cyane mu buhinzi bw’ibigori, imyumbati, ibinyomoro, n'ibindi bihingwa by'ibiribwa. Iterambere ry’ubuhinzi mu karere rishingiye ku kongera umusaruro no gukoresha uburyo bushya bwo guhinga, nka gahunda za Agri-tech (ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi), gufasha abahinzi kubona ingemwe z'indobanure, n'amafaranga yo guteza imbere ubuhinzi. * Ubucuruzi: Ngoma ifite imijyi myinshi ikoreramo ubucuruzi, harimo Kazo, aho haba isoko rikomeye ry’ibicuruzwa. Ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi byagiye bitera imbere kubera imihanda myiza ndetse n’ubushobozi bw’abaturage bwo gukora ubucuruzi bw’ibiribwa, ibikoresho, ndetse n'ibindi. * Inganda n'Ibikorwa Remezo: Akarere ka Ngoma gashora imbaraga mu gushyiraho inganda n’ibikorwa remezo bifasha abaturage kugera ku iterambere. Nko gutunganya amasoko no gufasha abaturage kubona amahirwe mu bukungu. Uko ibikorwa by'inganda bikomeza gutera imbere, ni ko kandi abantu benshi babona imirimo. === 2. Ibikorwa Remezo === Ibikorwa remezo ni ingenzi mu iterambere ry’akarere ka Ngoma, ndetse ibikorwa byinshi byagiye bibamo mu rwego rwo gutanga amahirwe menshi mu mibereho y’abaturage. ==== Imihanda n'Itumanaho ==== * Imihanda: Akarere ka Ngoma gafite imihanda myiza ijya mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu. Imihanda isanzwe itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera mu bice bitandukanye by'akarere ndetse n'ahandi mu gihugu. Harimo ibikorwa byo kwagura no gukora neza imihanda, birimo gukomeza gutunganya imihanda minini ijya mu bice by'icyaro n’iy’ingendo. * Itumanaho: Uko iterambere ry'itumanaho rigenda ryiyongera, ni ko abaturage ba Ngoma babona uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera ku makuru, gukoresha internet, ndetse no gutumanaho neza n’abandi. ==== Amashuri n'Uburere ==== * Uburezi: Akarere ka Ngoma kimaze gutera intambwe mu kubaka amashuri yisumbuye, amashuri abanza, ndetse no kubaka ibigo by'uburezi byujuje ibisabwa. Ibigo nderabuzima n’amashuri bitanga serivisi z’uburezi biriyongera, bigatuma uburezi bw’abana b’abaturage b’akarere burushaho gutera imbere. * Amasomo ku Bantu Bakuru: Hari ibikorwa bigamije gufasha abantu bakuru kwiga no kwiteza imbere mu buryo bw'ubumenyi, harimo amahugurwa y’ubumenyi ngiro ndetse n’ibikorwa by’iterambere mu bice bitandukanye. ==== Ibigo Nderabuzima n'Ubuvuzi ==== * Ibigo Nderabuzima: Akarere ka Ngoma gafite ibigo nderabuzima bigera ku baturage hirya no hino mu mirenge. Ibi bigo bitanga serivisi z’ubuzima, harimo gukingira, kuvura indwara zisanzwe, ndetse no kuboneza urubyaro. * Kwita ku Buzima: Hari gahunda zitandukanye z’ibigo nderabuzima ku buryo abaturage babasha kubona imiti y’ibanze, gukurikiranwa n’abaganga, ndetse no gufashwa mu buryo bw’imibereho myiza, bigatuma ubuzima bw’abaturage b’akarere bugenda buzamuka. ==== Amazi n'Isuku ==== *Gutanga Amazi: Akarere ka Ngoma kimaze gutera intambwe mu gukwirakwiza amazi meza mu bice byinshi by’akarere. Hari ibikorwa byo kugeza amazi meza ku baturage mu duce dutandukanye dufite ikibazo cy’ubukene bw’amazi. Ubu buryo bwihutisha iterambere mu by’ubuzima no guharanira isuku. Isuku mu Bikorwa: Imishinga yo guteza imbere isuku mu baturage no kubafasha kubona uburyo bwiza bwo gusukura mu ngo zabo cyangwa mu bice rusange ni indi ngingo ikomeje gutezwa imbere. *Isuku mu Bikorwa: Imishinga yo guteza imbere isuku mu baturage no kubafasha kubona uburyo bwiza bwo gusukura mu ngo zabo cyangwa mu bice rusange ni indi ngingo ikomeje gutezwa imbere.[[Dosiye:Gukubura.jpg|thumb]] === 3. Ubukerarugendo === Akarere ka Ngoma gafite byinshi byiza by'ubukerarugendo, harimo: * Ibiyaga bya Muhazi: Ibiyaga nka Lake Muhazi bifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura ba mukerarugendo, bityo bikaba byafasha mu guteza imbere ubukungu bw’akarere. Aho ni ahantu heza ho gusura no kwidagadura. * Imiturire: Uburanga bw'imisozi, ubwiza bw'inyubako z'akarere, ndetse n’umuco gakondo bituma Ngoma ifite amahirwe yo kuba igicumbi cy'ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda. === 4. Imishinga n’Ibikorwa by’Iterambere === * Imishinga y’iterambere: Akarere ka Ngoma kagira ibikorwa byinshi mu rwego rw’iterambere, birimo gukora imishinga ifite inyungu rusange ku baturage. Urugero, ibikorwa by’iterambere byita ku mibereho y’abaturage nk’ibikorwa by’imihanda, ibiraro, ndetse n’ibikorwa bishingiye ku buhinzi. === 6. Imbogamizi n'Icyerekezo === * Imbogamizi: Akarere ka Ngoma kagira imbogamizi mu bijyanye n’ubukungu, nko kugabanya ubushobozi bw’abaturage mu kubona amasoko y’ibikoresho, gufasha abaturage kubona uburezi bwiza, no gukemura ibibazo by’imyitwarire. * Icyerekezo cy’akarere: Akarere ka Ngoma kigamije kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage bacyo, kugabanya ubukene, no guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’ubukerarugendo mu buryo burambye. === 7. Aho Ushobora Gusura === * [[Dosiye:Beauty of Muhazi Lake.jpg|thumb|lake muhazi]]Ibiyaga: Hari ibiyaga bitandukanye muri Ngoma, by’umwihariko ku nkengero z’ibiyaga nka Lake Muhazi na Lake Sake, aho ushobora gusura ukishimira ubwiza bw’akarere n’imihanda yerekeza ku ntera ndende z’ibiyaga. * Ibyiza by'Umwihariko: Akarere gafite kandi ibikorwa byinshi by’umuco n’imyidagaduro, bifasha mu guteza imbere urwego rw’ubukerarugendo n’icyerekezo k'imyidagaduro. === 8. Imiterere y'Ubuzima Bw'abaturage === * Imiryango mu bukungu: Abaturage bo muri Ngoma ni abantu bakora cyane mu buhinzi, bakaba bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora no gushaka amahirwe mu rwego rw’ubukungu. Gufasha mu gushyigikira gahunda z'ubuhinzi bunoze ni kimwe mu byatuma ubukungu bw'akarere bukomeza kuzamuka. * Imibereho myiza: Kugeza ubu, ibikorwa by’imibereho myiza birimo kubaka ibigo nderabuzima no gutanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi ku baturage, byatumye imibereho y’abaturage izamuka. [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma| IBIKORWAREMEZO]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] art1viri4pr38ktz2y5ihn38ufm5rn7 0 6035 130179 120330 2026-04-05T05:21:00Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130179 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Dosiye:PeaspodsJuly08.jpg|thumb|Amashaza|294x294px]] [[Dosiye:-2019-07-20 Garden pea (Pisum sativum) in flower, Trimingham.JPG|thumb|Amashaza|298x298px]] [[Dosiye:Dried Green Peas.jpg|thumb|Amashaza atetse|374x374px]] [[Dosiye:(Pisum sativum), A pea is a most commonly green.JPG|thumb|(Pisum sativum), A pea is a most commonly green|306x306px]] [[Dosiye:Doperwt rijserwt peulen Pisum sativum.jpg|thumb|Amashaza akiri mu murima|399x399px]] [[Dosiye:Pisum sativum MHNT.BOT.2010.12.9.jpg|thumb|291x291px]] [[Dosiye:Pisum sativum seedling (8755683513).jpg|thumb|Pisum sativum seedling ]] [[Dosiye:Pisum sativum MHNT.BOT.2010.12.9.jpg|thumb|Amashaza]] [[Dosiye:-2020-06-28 Garden pea (Pisum sativum), Trimingham, Norfolk (2).JPG|thumb|Amashaza|451x451px]] Amashaza ashobora kuba yumye cyangwa se mabisi ( Urunyongwe ) ari byo bitonore by’amashaza, ni ibyo kurya bikundwa kandi ni mu gihe kuko ruryoha cyane. Rukaba rushobora gutekwa rwonyine nk’imboga zo kurisha ibindi byo kurya nk’umuceri, umutsima cyangwa rugatekanwa n’ibindi nk’igitoki cyangwa ibirayi ari naho benshi bakunze kuruteka. Urunyogwe uko waruteka kose, ni ifunguro ryuzuye intungamubiri zinyuranye kandi zifitiye akamaro gakomeye umubiri wacu .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/hari-abahinzi-burubyiruko-bakunda-izuba-kurusha-imvura/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227102056/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/hari-abahinzi-burubyiruko-bakunda-izuba-kurusha-imvura/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Gicumbi-Habonetse-amashaza-yerera-amezi-abiri</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230227100506/https://umutihealth.com/urunyogwe/</ref> [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Dosiye:Peas_in_pods_-_Studio.jpg|thumb|Amashaza]] === '''Intungamubiri''' === * Ingufu * Ibinyasukari * Poroteyine * Fibre * Ibinure bitarimo cholesterol * Vitamini zinyuranye nka Vitamin B9, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B2, Vitamini A, [[Vitamini C]], Vitamini E na Vitamin K * Imyunyungugu nka Sodiyumu, Potasiyumu, Kalisiyumu, Umuringa, Ubutare, Magnesium, Manganese, Selenium, Zinc * Beta carotene * Beta crypto-xanthin * Lutein-zeaxanthin.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20230227100506/https://umutihealth.com/urunyogwe/</ref><ref>https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/mordet.php?titID=3542117893fe8653ab5fe46cfd0aef7ca46&vario=38ae9c7ebfb68ea795483d270f5934b71d</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Minisitiri-wIntebe-Dr-Ngirente-yasuye-ibikorwa-byamajyambere-mu-karere-ka-Rutsiro</ref> === '''Akamaro ku buzima''' === * [[Dosiye:Pisum sativum Горох лущильний - зелений горошок.jpg|thumb|Urunyongwe rwa mashaza]]Nkuko tubibonye hejuru, mu runyogwe dusangamo vitamin B9 ari yo izwi nka folic acid cyangwa folate. Iyi ni imwe muri vitamin zo mu itsinda rya vitamin B ikaba ari vitamin ikenerwa n’umwana ukiri mu nda ya nyina kugirango DNA ye ikorwe neza. Muri 100g z’urunyogwe habonekamo 64mcg zayo zingana na 16% z’ikenewe ku munsi. Iri funguro ni ingenzi rero ku mugore utwite kuko ririnda umwana kuzavukana ubumuga akenshi bukunze gufata urutirigongo. * Urunyogwe kandi rurimo vitamin C muri 100g dusangamo 40mg cyangwa 67% z’ikenewe ku munsi. Iyi vitamin ikaba ari ingenzi mu gufasha umubiri gusohora imyanda no kongerera ingufu ubudahangarwa bwawo. Ibi bikaba birinda umuntu indwara zandura * Mu runyogwe kandi dusangamo beta-sitosterol. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko imboga n’imbuto zikize kuri yo zifasha mu kugabanya igipimo cya cholesterol mbi mu mubiri * Kandi urunyogwe rukungahaye kuri vitamin K. Muri 100g dusangamo 24.8mcg zingana na 21% z’iyikenewe ku munsi. Uretse kuba vitamin K ifasha amaraso kuvura no gukama iyo dukomeretse, ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko iyi vitamin igira uruhare mu gutuma amagufa akomera ndetse imyunyungugu akeneye akabasha kuyibika. Ibi rero bigira uruhare mu kurinda indwara zinyuranye zangiza amagufa ndetse binafasha mu kurinda indwara ya Alzheimer; ikaba ifata ahanini abageze mu zabukuru ikabatera kwibagirwa ku buryo n’izina rye aba atakiryibuka. Ibi iyi vitamin ibikora irinda iyangirika ry’udutsi two mu bwonko. * Nkuko twabibonye mu runyogwe harimo beta-carotene, lutein na zea-xanthin hamwe na vitamin A (muri 100g harimo 765 IU bingana na 25.5%). Vitamin A ikaba ari ingenzi mu gutuma amaso, uruhu n’ibindi bice by’umubiri bikora neza. Naho ziriya flavonoids zo zikaba zirinda kanseri zinyuranye cyane cyane kanseri y’ibihaha n’iyo mu nzira y’igogorwa cyane cyane mu kanwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/ubuhinzi-bw-imbuto-bwahinduriye-ubuzima-munyaneza-ku-buryo-yinjiza-asaga</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/?nyanza-bahinga-bahendwa-bagasarura-bahendwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227102100/https://bwiza.com/?Nyanza-Bahinga-bahendwa-bagasarura-bahendwa |url-status=dead }}</ref> === '''Icyitonderwa''' === Urunyogwe rwiza ni urusaruwe uwo munsi, mbese rutaranamba kuko uko rugenda runamba niko runatakaza intungamubiri. Niba wifuza kurubika rudatetse, ibyiza ni ukurushyira mu ishashi cyangwa ikindi kintu gikoze muri purasitike noneho ukagishyira mu mazi kikarengerwa (ariko amazi ntiyinjiremo). Aho ushobora no kurubika rukamara iminsi 3 rutatangirika. Niba ufite firigo naho warushyiramo, ariko nabwo ukabanza kurushyira mu kintu cya pulasitike.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230227102051/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/orange/crop_management</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] 59ypa3zj759ynoqy78fkxw7arke14w1 0 8500 130166 130118 2026-04-04T16:31:01Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 130166 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:S65-63830 The Sahara Desert in Western Algeria on Earth.jpg|thumb|ubutayu bwa sahara|367x367px]] ''Inyandiko y'umwimerere: [[:en:Sahara|Sahara]]'' '''Sahara''' [[File:Evening_Pass_over_the_Sahara_Desert_and_the_Middle_East.ogv|thumb|iyi ni videwo yafatiwe hejuru ya Sahara mu burasirazuba bwo hagati ifashwe n'abakozi ba Expedition 29 bari mu kirere.|331x331px]] [[File:Libya_4985_Tadrart_Acacus_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg|thumb|Ubutayu bwa Tadrart Acacus mu burengerazuba bwa [[Libiya]], igice cya Sahara]] [[File:SafsafOasis_SAR_comparison.jpg|thumb|Ishusho yo hejuru yerekana Safsaf Oasis hejuru ya Sahara. Ahagana hasi (ukoresheje radar) ni urutare , rugaragaza imiyoboro yumukara yaciwe no gutembera kwinzuzi za kera zahoze zigaburira oasisi .]] '''Sahara''' ( /s ə h ɑːr ə /, /s ə h au ə / ; mucyarabu: ''aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá'', bivuga 'Ubutayu bunini cyane ') ni ubutayu buherereye ku [[Afurika|mugabane wa Afurika]] . bufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 9,200,000 ( nukuvuga 3,600,000 sq mi), nibwo butayu bunini kandi bushyuha kurusha ubundi ku isi bukaba n'ubutayu bwa gatatu bunini muri rusange, burutwa gusa n'ubutayu bwa [[Antarigitika|Antaragitika]] na Arikitike. Izina 'Sahara' rikomoka ku ijambo ry'icyarabu rivuga "ubutayu", ''ṣaḥra'' ( صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/ ). <ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Sahara "Sahara."] ''[[Online Etymology Dictionary]].'' Douglas Harper, Historian. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref> Ubwo butayu bugizwe n' igice kinini cya Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, usibye akarere karumbuka ko ku nyanja ya Mediterane, imisozi ya Atlas ya Maghreb, [[Nili|n'ikibaya cya Nili]] mu [[Misiri]] na [[Sudani]] . Bukora ku nyanja itukura mu burasirazuba no ku nyanja ya Mediterane mu majyaruguru bukagera ku nyanja ya Atalantika mu burengerazuba, aho imiterere igenda ihinduka ahari ubutayu hagahinduka ibibaya. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na Sahel, umukenke wo mu turere dushyuha dukikije ikibaya cy'uruzi rwa Nijeri n'akarere ka Sudani yo muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara . Sahara ishobora kugabanywamo uturere twinshi, harimo Sahara y’iburengerazuba, imisozi ya Ahaggar rwagati, imisozi ya Tibesti, imisozi ya Aïr, ubutayu bwa Ténéré, n’ubutayu bwa Libiya . Mu myaka amagana n'ibihumbi byinshi, Sahara yahindukaga ubutayu ubundi ikaba umukenke mu byiciro bingana n'imyaka 20.000 ibyo bikaba byaraterwaga n'ifatizo ry'isi ihora izenguruka izuba . Aka gace karimo Sahara biteganijwe ko kazameraho ibyatsi mu myaka igera ku 15.000. == Ubumenyi bwaho iherereye == [[File:Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg|thumb|Ikarita y'ubumenyi bw' Afrika, yerekana agace ka Sahara]] [[File:Hoggar8.jpg|thumb|Awazisi mu misozi ya Ahaggar . Owazisi irengera bimwe mubinyamubuzima mubutayu bwumye cyane.]] [[File:Saharan_Dust_off_West_Africa.jpg|thumb|Ku ya 2 Werurwe 2003, umuyaga mwinshi wo muri Sahara wohereje umukungugu mwinshi mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba hejuru y'inyanja ya Atalantika]] [[File:Algérie_2009.jpg|right|thumb|Butte yakozwe kuburyo bw'umwimerere n'umuyaga]] Sahara ikora ku bice byinshi bya [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]], [[Cade|Tchad]], Misiri, [[Libiya]], [[Mali]], [[Moritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Maroke|Maroc]], [[Nigeri|Niger]], Sahara y'Uburengerazuba, [[Sudani]] na [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] . Ifite ubuso bwa miliyoni 9 za kilometero kare (3.500.000 sq mi), ni ukuvuga 31% bya Afurika. Turamutse tubariyemo uturere twose dufite imvura igereranije y'umwaka iri munsi ya milimetero 250, Sahara yaba kilometero kare miliyoni 11 (4.200.000 sq mi) . Nimwe mu ntara eshatu zifite Fiziyogarafi nini muri Africa . Sahara ahanini ni amabuye ya hamada(amabuye ashashe ); ergs (umusenyi w'inyanja; uduce tunini dutwikiriwe n'uwo musenyi ) hakaba igice kinini gifite umusenyi ufite metero zirenga 180 z'ubujyejuru (590 ft). Umuyaga cyangwa imvura y'imbonekarimwe nibyo bikora ibiranga ubutayu ni ukuvuga umusenyi w'ubutayu, umusenyi wo mu mirima, umusenyi w' inyanja, ikibaya cy'amabuye, ibibaya bya ''kaburimbo'' ( ''reg'' ), ibibaya byumye ( ''wadi'' ), ibiyaga byumye ( ''oued'' ), hamwe nubutaka bw'umunyu ( ''shati'' cyangwa ''chott'' ). Imisozi myinshi yaritandukanije cyane, ndetse n'ibirunga byinshi biboneka mu butayu, harimo nk'imisozi ya Aïr, imisozi ya Ahaggar, Atlas ya Sahara, imisozi ya Tibesti, Adrar des Iforas, n’imisozi yo ku nyanja itukura . Impinga ndende muri Sahara yitwa Emi Koussi, akaba ari [[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|ikirunga]] cyaka giherereye mu gace ka Tibesti mu majyaruguru ya Tchad. Sahara yo hagati irumye cyane , ikagira ibimera bike. Amajyaruguru n’amajyepfo by'ubwo butayu, hamwe n’imisozi miremire, bigizwe n'uduce tw’ibyatsi bito n’ibihuru byo mu butayu, bikagira kandi n’ibiti n’ibihuru birebire byo muri wadis, aho ubuhehere bwikusanyiriza. Mu karere ko hagati, ka kandi kumye cyane, hari uduce twinshi two mu butayu bunini: Tanezrouft, Ténéré, Ubutayu bwa Libiya, Ubutayu bw'Iburasirazuba, Ubutayu bwa Nubiya n'ibindi. Utu turere twumye cyane dushobora kumara imyaka n'imyaka nta mvura ihagwa. Mu majyaruguru, Sahara yambukiranya inyanja ya Mediterane muri Egiputa ndetse n'ibice bya Libiya, ariko muri Cyrenaica na Maghreb, Sahara ihana imbibi n’ishyamba rya Mediterane, ishyamba ry’ibiti, hamwe n'akarere k’ibidukikije ko mu majyaruguru ya Afurika kagizwe n'ibihuru, byose bikaba bifite ikirere cya Mediterane kirangwa n'impeshyi ishyushye n'itumba rikonje kandi rirangwa n'imvura. Ugendeye ku mahame y'ibimera ya Frank White n'impuguke mu bumenyi bw'isi Robert Capot-Rey, umupaka w'amajyaruguru ya Sahara ugarukira ku biti by'imikindo byitwa date palm naho umupaka w'amajyepfo ukagarukira ku byatsi bya esparto; ibyatsi biranga ikirere cya Mediterane ku gice cya Maghreb na Iberia . Ku mupaka wo mu majyaruguru hagwa imvura ingana na isoyeti milimetero100 (3.9 in) ku mwaka. Mu majyepfo, Sahara ihana imbibi na Sahel, umukenke wumye ugizwe n'uturere dufite impeshyi irimo imvura ikwira muri Afurika kuva iburasirazuba kugeza iburengerazuba. Ukurikije ikirere, ku mupaka y’amajyepfo ya Sahara hagwa imvura ihwanye na isoyeti milimetero150 (5.9 in) ku mwaka (iyi ni impuzandengo y'igihe kirekire, kubera ko imvura ihinduka buri mwaka). Imijyi y'ingenzi iherereye muri Sahara harimo Nouakchott, [[umurwa]] mukuru wa Moritaniya; Tamanrasset, Ouargla, Béchar, Hassi Messaoud, Ghardaïa, na El Oued muri Alijeriya; Timbuktu muri Mali; Agadez muri Nijeri; Ghat muri Libiya; na Faya-Largeau muri Cadi. == Ikirere == Sahara ni ubutayu bunini cyane ku isi. Iherereye mu karere kitwa horse latitude munsi y'agace gashyuha cyane aho ikirere k'isi kiganjemo ubutumburuke bwa subtropical, n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'umuyaga uhagarika imvura n’ibicu, kandi gafite umuyaga uhindagurika uvanze n'umuyaga utuje.  Kubura kw'ibicu guhoraho bituma haza urumuri rwinshi rudafite ikirubangamiye hamwe n'imirasire ishyushye nk'umuriro. Kudahindagurika kw<nowiki>''</nowiki>ikirere cyo hejuru yubutayu bituma ibicu bitabaho, bityo n'imvura ntibeho. Kugabanuka, umuyaga ushyushye hamwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'umuyaga wo muri subtropcal bituma imvura itagwa . Ikibaya cya subtropical nicyo kintu kiganje gituma habaho ikirere gishyushye cyo muri kariya karere kanini. Umuyaga umanuka niwo ukomeye kandi ufite imbaraga mu gice cy’iburasirazuba bw’Ubutayu, mu butayu bwa Libiya: aha ni ahantu h’izuba ryinshi, humye kandi hataba imvura ku isi, kimwe n'ubutayu bwa Atacama, buherereye muri [[Shili|Chili]] na [[Peru]] . Kubura kw'imvura n'ibicu byiganje cyane mu gice cy'iburasirazuba bwa Sahara kurusha mu burengerazuba. Umwuka wiganje hejuru ya Sahara ni umuyaga wo ku mugabane ushyushye kandi wumye. Imyuka ishyushye kandi yumye iba cyane cyane hejuru y'ubutayu bwo mu majyaruguru y' Afrika kandi bukagira ingaruka mu butayu bwose mu gihe kinini cy'umwaka. Kubera ubu buryo bwo gushyuha bikabije, ubushyuhe buke busanzwe bugaragara hafi y'ubutaka, kandi bukiyongera mu gihe k'impeshyi. Ingaruka ziterwa n'ubutaka bwaho buke cyane ni nkeya kuko n'ubundi nta mwuka umanuka. Nanone, kugira ngo bwirinde gahunda y’ikirere ibyara imvura n’ikwirakwizwa ry’ikirere ubwacyo, ubutayu buba bwumutse bitewe n’imiterere n’aho buherereye. Mu byukuri, ubushyuhe bukabije bwa Sahara ntibusobanurwa gusa n’umuvuduko ukabije w’umwuka: Umusozi wa Atlas wo muri Alijeriya, Maroc na Tuniziya nawo ufasha kongera ubukana bw’amajyaruguru y’ubutayu. Iyi misozi minini ikora nkinzitizi, igatera igicucu gikomeye cyimvura kugabanuka ikoresheje ubuhehere bukomeye buzanwa n’imivurungano y’ikirere ku nkombe ya polar igira ingaruka ku kirere gikikije Mediterane. Isoko y'ibanze ituma imvura igwa muri Sahara ni Intertropical convergence Zone, umuvuduko mucye wumuyaga ukomeza kugeza hafi ya koma yisi niwo uzana ibihe by'imvura bigufi kandi bihindagurika muri Sahel no mumajyepfo ya Sahara. Imvura kugirango igwe muri ubu butayu bunini igomba gutsinda inzitizi zifatika z’ikirere zisanzwe zibuza imvura kugwa. Ikirere gikaze cya Sahara kirangwa nimvura nkeya cyane, itizewe, imvura idasanzwe; izuba ryinshi cyane ryigihe kirekire; ubushyuhe bwo hejuru umwaka wose; igipimo ntarengwa cy'ubushyuhe bugereranije ; ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi ; nurwego rwo hejuru cyane mu guhumeka arirwo rwaciye agahigo kwisi yose. === Ubushyuhe === Ubusanzwe ikirere kiragaragara neza hejuru yubutayu, kandi igihe cyizuba ni kinini cyane ahantu hose muri Sahara. Hafi ubutayu bwose bufite amasaha arenga 3,600 yizuba ryinshi kumwaka (hejuru ya 82 kwijana yamasaha yumunsi), kandi ahantu hanini mugice cyiburasirazuba hafite amasaha arenga 4000 yizuba ryinshi kumwaka (hejuru ya 91 kwijana yamasaha yumunsi). Agaciro k'amasaha 4300 (98%) yigihe cy'amanywa aboneka muri Egiputa yo hejuru ( Aswan, Luxor ) no mu butayu bwa Nubian ( Wadi Halfa ). Impuzandengo ya buri mwaka yimirasire y'izuba igera kuri 2.800 kWh / (m ² mwaka) mubutayu bunini. Sahara ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kubyara ingufu z'izuba. [[File:Algeria_Sahara_Desert_Photo_From_Drone_5.jpg|thumb|Umusenyi wo muri Sahara]] kuba izuba riherereye kure cyane, n'ubuhehere buri hasi cyane, hamwe no kubura ibimera n'imvura nkeya bituma ubu butayu bunini bufata umwanya wambere mu turere tunini kandi dushyuha cyane kwisi. Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kirenga 38 kugeza kuri 40 ° C cyangwa 100.4 kugeza 104.0 ° F mukwezi gushyushe hafi ya hose mubutayu usibye ahantu hirengeye cyane. Ikigereranyo cyo hejuru cyane ku isi cyashyizwe ahagaragara ubushyuhe buri munsi;  byari 47 ° C cyangwa 116.6 ° F mu mujyi wa kure wo mu butayu bwa Alijeriya witwa Bou Bernous, ku butumburuke bwa metero 378 (1,240 ft) hejuru yinyanja, ikibaya kitwa icyurupfu california cyonyine nicyo kijya kigera kuri ubwo bushyuhe . Ahandi hantu hashyushye muri Alijeriya nka Adrar, Timimoun, Muri Salah, Ouallene, Aoulef, Reggane hafite n'uburebure buri hagati ya metero 200 na 400 hejuru yinyanja, harangwa n'ubushyuhe bungana na 46 ° C cyangwa 114.8 ° F mu mezi ashyushye yumwaka. Salah, izwi cyane muri Alijeriya kubera ubushyuhe bukabije, ifite ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 43.8 ° C cyangwa 110.8 ° F, 46.4 ° C cyangwa 115.5 ° F, 45.5 ° C cyangwa 113.9 ° F na 41.9 ° C cyangwa 107.4 ° F muri Kamena, Nyakanga, Kanama na Nzeri. Hariho utundi turere dushyuha cyane kurushaho duherereye cyane cyane muri Azalai, mu majyaruguru ya Mali. Igice kinini cyubutayu kigira amezi atatu kugeza kuri atanu arangwa n' impuzandengo yubushyuhe yo hejuru cyane  irenga 40 ° C cyangwa 104 ° F. Ingero ni nka Bilma, Nijeri na Faya-Largeau, Tchad. Ikigereranyo cy'umwaka; ubushyuhe buri munsi burenga 20 ° C cyangwa 68 ° F ahantu hose kandi bushobora kwegera 30 ° C cyangwa 86 ° F mu turere dushyushye umwaka wose. Nyamara, igice kinini cyubutayu gifite ubushyuhe burenze 25 ° C cyangwa 77 ° F. [[File:Sunset_in_Sahara.jpg|thumb|Izuba rirenze muri Sahara]] Ubushyuhe bwumucanga nubwubutaka burenze urugero. Ku manywa, ubushyuhe bwumucanga buba buri hejuru cyane: bushobora kugera kuri 80C cyangwa bukarenga. Ubushyuhe bwumucanga bwa 83.5&nbsp;° C (182.3&nbsp;° F) bwagaragaye muri Port Sudani . Ubushyuhe bwubutaka bwa 72 ° C cyangwa 161.6 ° F bwagaragaye muri Adrar ya Mauritania naho ubushyuhe bwa 75&nbsp;° C (167&nbsp;° F) bupimwa i Borkou, mu majyaruguru ya Tchad. Bitewe no kubura ibicu nubuhehere buke cyane, ubutayu ubusanzwe bugira ubushyuhe bwinshi buhindagurika hagati yumunsi nijoro. Ariko, nakamenyero ko amajoro akonja cyane nyuma yiminsi ishyushye cyane muri Sahara.  Ugereranyije, ubushyuhe bw'ijoro usanga buri hagati ya 13 na 20 ° C (23-36 ° F) hakonje ugereranyije no kumanywa. ihindagurika rito riboneka mu turere two ku nkombe kubera ubuhehere bwinshi kandi akenshi usanga buri munsi ya 10 ° C cyangwa 18 ° F, mugihe ihindagurika rinini riboneka mubice byo kubutaka byubutayu aho ubuhehere buri hasi cyane, cyane cyane mumajyepfo ya Sahara. Nubwo bimeze bityo, mwitumba ijoro rishobora gukonja, kugeza ku rwego rwo gutitira, cyane cyane ahantu hahanamye.  Inshuro amajoro yo muri sahara akonja ziterwa cyane na Oscillation ya ruguru ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NAO), hamwe nubushyuhe bwo mugihe cyubukonje mugihe cyibihe bibi bya NAO hamwe nimbeho yo mubukonje hamwe mugihe NAO ari nziza. <ref>See Visbeck, Martin H.; Hurrell, James W.; Polvani, Lorenzo and Cullen, Heidi M.; ‘The North Atlantic Oscillation: Past, Present, and Future’; ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America'', vol. 98, no. 23 (2001); pp. 12876-12877</ref> Ibi byose nukubera ko amasaha agenda gahoro hafi yuburasirazuba bwa anticyclone ya subtropical mugihe cyubukonje bwinshi cya NAO, nubwo cyumye cyane kuburyo byakagombye gutanga imvura irenze urugero, bigabanya umuvuduko wumuyaga wumye, n'ukonje uva mumisozi miremire ya Eurasia muri Sahara kuburyo bugaragara. <ref>Hurrell, James W.; Kushnir, Yochanan; Ottersen, Geir and Visbeck, Martin; ''An Overview of the North Atlantic Oscillation'', pp. 17–19. Geophysical Monograph 134; published 2003 by the American Geophysical Union</ref> === Imvura === Impuzandengo yimvura yumwaka itangirira hasi cyane mumajyaruguru namajyepfo yubutayu kugeza hafi yigice cyo hagati nuburasirazuba. Uruhande ruto rwo mu majyaruguru y’ubutayu rwakira ibicu n’imvura nyinshi bitewe n’imiterere y’umuvuduko muke wo hejuru y’inyanja ya Mediterane ku nkombe ya polar, nubwo ihujwe cyane n’igicucu cy’imvura cy’imisozi kandi imvura igereranijwe buri mwaka iba kuva kuri 100 millimetres (4 muri) kugeza kuri 250 millimetres (10 in) . Kurugero, Biskra, Alijeriya, na Ouarzazate, Maroc, tubisanga muri kano karere. Inkombe yo mu majyepfo y’ubutayu ku mupaka na Sahel yakira ibicu n’imvura byo mu mpeshyi bitewe na Intertropical Convergence Zone iturutse mu majyepfo,imvura igwa ugereranije buri mwaka iri hagati ya 100 millimetres (4 in) kugeza kuri 250 millimetres (10 in) . urugero, Timbuktu, Mali na Agadez, Niger tuzisanga muri iyi zone. Intambwe nini yo hagati ya hyper-arid yo mu butayu ntishobora na rimwe kwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere cyo mu majyaruguru cyangwa mu majyepfo kandi ikomeza guhora iyobowe nikirere cya anticyclonic, kandi imvura igereranijwe buri mwaka ishobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 1 millimetre (0.04 in) . Mubyukuri, igice kinini cya Sahara cyakira munsi ya 20 millimetres (0.8 in) . Muri kilometerokare 9,000,000 (3,500,000 sq mi) zigize ubutaka bwo mu butayu bwa Sahara, ubuso bungana na kilometerokare2,800,000 (1,100,000 sq mi) (hafi 31% yubuso bwose) bwakira buri mwaka impuzandengo yimvura ingana na milimetero 10 (0.4 in) cyangwa munsi yayo, mugihe kilometerokare 1,500,000(580,000 sq in) (hafi 17% yubuso bwose) yakira impuzandengo ya milimetero 5 (0.2in) cyangwa munsi. Impuzandengo ngarukamwaka y'imvura ni zero hafi kilometerokare 1,000,000(390,000 sq in) mu burasirazuba bwa Sahara igizwe n'ubutayu bwa: Libiya, Misiri na Sudani ( Tazirbu, Kufra, Dakhla, Kharga, Farafra, Siwa, Asyut, Sohag, Luxor, Aswan, Abu Simbel, Wadi Halfa) aho igihe kirekire bivuze hafi 0.5 millimetres (0.02 muri) ku mwaka. Imvura ntabwo iba yizewe kandi iba ari nkeya muri Sahara kuko igenda guhindagurika cyane uko umwaka utashye. Bitandukanye rwose n’imvura idakunda kuboneka mumwaka, ibipimo byo kuzamuka kumwuka mu mwaka byo ni binini cyane, hafi ya 2,500 millimetres (100 muri) ku mwaka kugeza kuri 6,000 millimetres (240 zirenga 6,000 millimetres (240 in) ku mwaka mu butayu bwose. Nta handi ku isi habonetse umwuka wumye kandi uzamuka nko mu karere ka Sahara. Ariko, urubura rwigeze kugwa inshuro ebyiri muri Sahara, muri Gashyantare 1979 n'Ukuboza 2016, mu mujyi wa Ayini Sefra . === uko ubutayu bwikoze n'ikirere cya mbere y'amateka === Igitekerezo kimwe cyuko Sahara yikoze ni uko imvura yo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru yacitse intege kubera ibibarafu mu gihe cya Quaternary, guhera mu myaka miriyoni ebyiri cyangwa eshatu ishize. Ikindi gitekerezo ni uko imvura yagabanutse igihe inyanja ya Tethys ya kera yumaga mugihe cya Tortoniya mumyaka miriyoni 7. Ikirere cya Sahara cyagiye gihindagurika kuva ku kirere cyimvura kugera kucyubushyuhe mu myaka ibihumbi namagana ishize, bikekwa ko biterwa n’imihindagurikire irambye yikirere cy' Afurika y'Amajyaruguru iteguza imvura yo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru - yerekeza mu majyepfo. iki kiciro giterwa nikiciro cyigihe cyimyaka 41000 aho ihindagurika ryisi rihinduka hagati ya 22 ° na 24.5 °. Kugeza ubu (2000 ACE), turi mugihe cyumye, ariko biteganijwe ko Sahara izongera kuba icyatsi mumyaka 15000 (17000 ACE). Iyo imvura yo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru iri mu mvura ikaze ya buri mwaka kandi ibimera byo mu karere ka Sahara bikiyongera, bigatuma habaho icyo bakunze kwita sahara y'icyatsi kibisi ". Ku mvura idasanzwe yo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru ifite intege nke, ikinyuranyo kiragaragara, kubera ko imvura igabanuka buri mwaka n’ibimera biba bike bigatuma habaho icyiciro cy’ikirere gishyushye cya Sahara kizwi ku izina rya "ubutayu bwa Sahara". Igitekerezo cy'uko ihindagurika ryimirasire (ubushyuhe bw'izuba) riterwa n’imihindagurikire irambye mu kuzenguruka kwisi ari ikintu kigenzura ihinduka ry’igihe kirekire mu mbaraga z’imvura ku isi yose ryatanzwe bwa mbere na Rudolf Spitaler mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda., icyo gitekerezo cyaje gutangwa ku mugaragaro no gupimwa numuhanga mu byikirere John Kutzbach mu 1981. Igitekerezo cya Kutzbach kijyanye n'ingaruka z'izuba ku miterere y'imvura ku isi cyemewe muri iki gihe nkifatizo ritera igihe kirekire cyimvura. Kutzbach ntabwo yigeze aha izina igitekerezo cye ku buryo bwemewe niyo mpamvu kiswe " Hypothesis ya Orbital Monsoon " nk'uko Ruddiman yabisabye mu 2001. [[File:Village_Telly_in_Mali.jpg|thumb|Agace ka Sahel muri Mali]] Mubihe byanyuma byurubura , Sahara yari nini cyane kuruta iyubu, igera mu majyepfo kurenga imbibi zayo zubu. <ref>Christopher Ehret. ''The Civilizations of Africa.'' University Press of Virginia, 2002.</ref> Iherezo ryigihe cy'urubura ryazanye imvura nyinshi muri Sahara, kuva nko mu 8000 mbere ya Yezu kugeza 6000 mbere ya Yezu, ahari kubera ahantu h’umuvuduko muke byatumye urubura rugwa mu majyaruguru. Urubura rumaze kugenda, Sahara yo mu majyaruguru yarumye. Naho muri Sahara yo majyepfo,kuma byagendaga bisimburana nimvura, akaba ari nabyo bituma amajyepfo agira imvura kurusha amajyaruguru kugeza nanubu. Ahagana mu 4200 mbere ya Yezu, imvura yasubiye mu majyepfo igera aho igeze ubu, <ref name="Science Daily">[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/07/990712080500.htm Sahara's Abrupt Desertification Started by Changes in Earth's Orbit], Accelerated by Atmospheric and Vegetation Feedbacks.</ref> biganisha ku butayu bwa Sahara buhoro buhoro. Sahara ubu yumye nkuko byari bimeze mu myaka 13.000 ishize Ikiyaga cya Tchad ni ibisigisigi byahoze ari inyanja ya paleolake Mega-Tchad, yabayeho mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwa Afurika. Mu myaka ya 5000 mbere ya Yesu, ikiyaga cya Mega-Tchad nicyo cyari kinini muri paleolakes enye zo muri Sahara, kandi bivugwa ko cyari gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 350.000. Igitekerezo cya pompe kuri Sahara gisobanura ibihe bikurikira: Igihe cy'imvura cyangwa " cya Sahara y'icyatsi", Sahara ihinduka ubwatsi bwumukenke kandi ibimera n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye biba byinshi. Hakurikiraho igihe cyo hagati y'imvura n'izuba ndetse nigihe cyubushyuhe aho agace ka Sahara kongera gusubira mu butayu kandi bikaba ngombwa ko ibimera n’ibinyabuzima bisubira mu majyaruguru kugera ku misozi ya Atlas, no mu majyepfo yerekeza muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba, cyangwa mu burasirazuba mu [[Nili|kibaya cya Nili]] . Ibi bitandukanya abaturage bo mu moko atandukanye mu bice bifite ikirere gitandukanye, bikaba ngombwa ko babimenyera. Bivugwa kandi ko abantu bihutishije igihe cyo kuma kuva 6.000-25.500 mbere ya Yezu bitewe n'abashumba baharagiraga. ==== Ibimenyetso by'izunguruka ==== Gukura kwa speleothem (risaba amazi y'imvura) kwagaragaye muri Hol-Zakh, Ashalim, Ndetse-Sid, Ma'ale-ha-Meyshar, Ktora Crack, Ubuvumo bwa Nagev Tzavoa, n'ahandi, kwatumye gukurikirana imvura yabanjirije amateka byoroha. Inzira yinyanja itukura yari yumye cyane mbere ibihumbi 140 na nyuma yibihumbi 115 (mumyaka ibihumbi ishize). Ibihe bito bito bigaragara kuri 90-87 kya, ariko byari bikiri kimwe cya cumi gusa imvura igera kuri kya 125. Mu majyepfo y’ubutayu bwa Negev speleothems ntiyakuze hagati ya 185-140 kya ( MIS 6), 110-90 (MIS 5.4-5.2), cyangwa nyuma ya 85 kya cyangwa mugihe kinini cy’ibihugu bitandukanye (MIS 5.1), ibihe by'ikirere na Holocene . Ibi birerekana ko Negev yepfo yari yumye kuri hyper-arid muri ibi bihe. Mugihe cyanyuma cya Glacial Maximum (LGM) ubutayu bwa Sahara bwari bunini kurenza uko bimeze ubu aho amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha yagabanutse cyane, kandi ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwagabanije imbaraga za Hadley. Aka ni agace k'ikirere gatera umwuka wubushyuhe wo mukarere ka Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) kuzana imvura muri tropique, mugihe umwuka wamanutse ushyushye, kuri dogere 20 mumajyaruguru, ugasubira muri koma y'isi kandi ukazana umwuka w'ubutayu muri kano karere. Ifitanye isano n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’umukungugu utwarwa n’umuyaga, kandi urwego rwumukungugu ruboneka nkuko biteganijwe mu nyanja zo mu majyaruguru ya Atlantike. Ibihe by'ubutayu bwa Sahara byari byatangiye ahagana mu 12.500 mbere ya Yesu, hamwe no kwagura ITCZ ​​ mu mpeshyi mu majyaruguru y’isi, bikazana ibihe by'ikirere gitose hamwe n’ikirere cya savanna muri Sahara (usibye igihe gito cyumye kijyanye na Dryas). mugihe cya Holocene yubushyuhe bwikirere bwabaye 4000 mbere ya Yesu mugihe ubushyuhe bwo hagati buringaniye busa nubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 2 na 3 ugereranije nimyaka yashize. Isesengura ry’umugezi wa Nili washyizwe mu bishanga muri delta naryo ryerekana ko iki gihe cyari gifite umubare munini w’imyanda iva muri Nili yubururu, byatumye habaho imvura nyinsh mu misozi miremire ya [[Etiyopiya]]. Ibi byatewe ahanini n’umuvuduko ukabije w’imvura mu turere tw'ubushyuhe, bigira ingaruka ku [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]], Arabiya na Sahara, ikiyaga cya Victoria vuba aha cyabaye isoko yera ya Nili kandi yumye hafi y'imyaka 15. Kugenda gutunguranye kwa ITCZ yerekeza mu majyepfo, kurangwa na Heinrich (gukonja gutunguranye gukurikirwa no gushyuha gahoro), bifitanye isano nimpinduka hamwe nibihe bya El Niño-Amajyepfo ya Oscillation, byateye kuma byihuse mu turere twa Sahara na Arabiya bihinduka ubutayu. Ibi bifitanye isano no kugabanuka kugaragara k'ubunini bwa Nili hagati ya 2700 na 2100 mbere ya Yesu. <ref>Burroughs, William J. (2007) "Climate Change in Prehistory: the end of the reign of chaos" (Cambridge University Press)</ref> == Uduce tw'ibidukikije == [[File:Saharan_topographic_elements_map.png|thumb|Ibintu nyamukuru biranga imihanda yakarere ka Sahara]] Sahara igizwe n'uduce dutandukanye. tugiye dutandukanijwe nubushyuhe, imvura, ubutumburuke, nubutaka, utu duce kandi tubamo imiryango itandukanye yibimera ninyamaswa. '''Ubutayu bwo ku nyanja ya Atalantika''' ni agace kagufi ko ku nkombe za Atalantika aho igihu gituruka ku nkombe ya Canary Current ikonje kigatanga ubuhehere buhagije bwo gukomeza ibinyamisogwe bitandukanye, ibinyomoro, n'ibihuru. Bufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 39,900 (15,400 sq mi) mu majyepfo ya Maroc na Mauritania. Ikibaya cya '''Sahara y'Amajyaruguru''' n'amashyamba biri hafi y'ubutayu bwo mu majyaruguru, iruhande rw'amashyamba ya Mediterane, amashyamba, hamwe na ecorgion zo mu majyaruguru ya Maghreb na Cyrenaica. Imvura yo mu itumba ikomeza ibihuru n’ibiti byumye bigira inzibacyuho hagati y’ikirere cy’ikirere cya Mediterane mu majyaruguru na Sahara ya hyper-arid ikwiriye mu majyepfo. Ifite 1,675,300 square kilometers (646,840 sq mi) muri Alijeriya, Misiri, Libiya, Mauritania, Maroc, na Tuniziya. '''Agace k'ibidukikije mu butayu bwa Sahara''' gakubiyemo igice kinini cyo hagati ya Sahara aho imvura iba nkeya kandi ikagwa rimwe na rimwe. Ibimera ntibikunze kubonekayo, kandi aka gace kagizwe ahanini numusenyi ( ''erg, chech, raoui'' ), ''ikibaya cyamabuye'' ( ''hamadas'' ), ibibaya bya ''kaburimbo'' ( ''reg'' ), ibibaya byumye ( ''wadis'' ), hamwe nubutaka bwumunyu. gafie kilometero kare 4,639,900 z'ubuso(1,791,500 sq mi) kagakora kuri Alijeriya, Tchad, Misiri, Libiya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, na Sudani. Igice cy'ikibaya '''cya Sahara y'Amajyepfo hamwe n’ibiti byo mu ishyamba''' ni itsinda rito rigana iburasirazuba n’iburengerazuba hagati ya Sahara ya hyper-arid na Sahelnasi ya Sahel mu majyepfo. Kwimuka kwa Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bizana imvura yo mu cyi muri Nyakanga na Kanama ugereranije 100 to 200 mm (4 kugeza 8 muri) ariko biratandukanye cyane uko umwaka utashye. Iyi mvura ikomeza urwuri rwicyatsi nicyatsi, hamwe nishyamba ryumye hamwe nigiti kibisi kumugezi wigihe. Iyi ecoregion 1,101,700 square kilometres (425,400 sq mi) muri Alijeriya, Tchad, Mali, Mauritania, na Sudani. Mu '''mashyamba y’iburengerazuba ya Sahara montane xeric''', imisozi miremire y’ibirunga itanga ikirere gikonje, gituma habaho ishyamba rya Sahara-Mediterane. iki gice kingana na kilometero kare258,100 (99,650 sq mi), giherereye muri Tassili n'Ajjer yo muri Alijeriya, kigakora gato huri Aïr ya Nigeri, Dhar Adrar ya Mauritania, na Adrar des Iforas ya Mali na Alijeriya. Igice cya '''Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric ishyamba ryibiti''' kigizwe nimisozi ya Tibesti na Jebel Uweinat . Imvura nyinshi kandi igwira igihe hamwe nubushyuhe buringaniye bituma haba amashyamba nibiti by'imikindo, acacia, myrtle, oleander, tamarix, hamwe nibiti byinshi bidasanzwe. Iki gice kingana na kilometero kare82,200 (31,700 sq mi) giherereye muri Tibesti ya Tchad na Libiya, na Jebel Uweinat ku mupaka wa Misiri, Libiya, na Sudani. '''Halofitike yo muri Sahara''' ni agace karangwa nibihe by’umwuzure w'umuvu w'umunyu kagizwe n’ibiti by’ibihingwa bya halofitike (byatewe n’umunyu). iki gice kifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 54,000 (21,000 sq mi) ubariyemo: umwuzure wa Qattara na Siwa uva mu majyaruguru ya Egiputa, ibiyaga by'umunyu byo muri Tuniziya yo hagati, Chott Melghir muri Alijeriya, n'uduce duto twa Alijeriya, Mauritania, no mu majyepfo ya Maroc. '''Tanezrouft''' ni kamwe mu turere '''dukarishye''' ku isi kakaba na kamwe bice bishyushye kandi byumye bya Sahara, nta bimera bihaba . kari ku mbibi za Alijeriya, Nigeriya, na Mali, mu burengerazuba bw'imisozi ya Hoggar . == Ibimera n'ibinyabuzima == Ibimera bya Sahara bigiye bitandukanye cyane bishingiye kuri bio-geography iranga ubu butayu bunini. dukurikije ibimera, Sahara ifite zone eshatu zishingiye ku mvura iba yahaguye arizo; Amajyaruguru (Mediterane), Hagati n'Amajyepfo. Hari nuturere tubiri twimberabyombi - imberabyombi ya Mediterane na Sahara n'imberabyombi ya Sahel. Ibimera byo muri Sahara bigizwe n’amoko agera kuri 2800 y’ibimera . Hafi ya kimwe cya kane cyabyo ntahandi wabibona . Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyubwoko busanzwe bwibimera byo biboneka no mubundi butayu bwabarabu. [[File:GueltaCamels.jpg|thumb|Ingamiya muri Guelta d'Archei, mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Cade|Tchad]]]] Bivugwa ko Sahara yo hagati irimo amoko magana atanu y'ibimera, akaba ari make cyane urebye ubunini bwayo. Ibimera nkibiti bya acacia, imikindo, ibinyomoro, ibihuru, n’ibyatsi; byamenyereye ubushyuhe kandi bikura biba bigufi kugira ngo byirinde gutakaza amazi kubera umuyaga mwinshi, bikabika amazi mu biti byabyo kugira ngo bizayakoreshe mu gihe cyiki, bikagira imizi miremire igenda itambitse ishakisha ahantu hari amazi n'ubuhehere, bigira kandi amababi mato mato cyangwa inshinge kugirango byirinde gutakaza amazi mugihe bihumeka . Amababi yabyo ashobora kuma rwose hanyuma akazashibuka. Muri Sahara habayo ubwoko bwinshi bwimbwebwe twavuga nka: ingunzu , imbwebwe yera nimbwebwe ya Rüppell . Imparage nini yumweru ya Addax, ishobora kugenda hafi umwaka mubutayu itanywa amazi. imparage ya Dorcas yo mumajyaruguru ya Afrika nayo ishobora kugenda igihe kirekire idafite amazi. Izindi mparage zizwi zirimo rhim na dama. Ingwe zo muri Sahara ( ingwe zo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Afurika ) ziba muri Alijeriya, [[Togo]], Niger, Mali, [[Bene|Benin]], na [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]] . Haracyariho ingwe zitageze kuri 250 zikuze, ziritonda cyane, zihunga abantu bose. Ingwe zirinda izuba kuva muri Mata kugeza Ukwakira, zishakisha aho zikinga mibihuru nka balanite na acacia Ubundi bwoko bw'ingwe ( zo mu amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Afurika ) butuye muri Tchad, Sudani no mu burasirazuba bwa Niger. Ariko, kuri ubu zarazimye mu misozi ya Misiri na Libiya. Hasigaye ubwoko bugera kuri 2000 bwingwe zikuze. [[File:Libya_5391_Ubari_Lakes_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg|left|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Idehan Ubari oasis, gifite ibyatsi kavukire n'imikindo]] Izindi nyamaswa zirimo ibinyaruvu, imbeba, inzoka z'umucanga, hamwe n'imisega yo muri Afurika, (mu bihugu 14 gusa) na ostrich ifite ijosi ritukura . Izindi nyamaswa ziba muri Sahara (inyoni byumwihariko) twavuga nka silverbill nyafrica hamwe ninyombya yumukara, nibindi. Habayo kandi ingona nto zo mu butayu ahagana muri Mauritania no mu kibaya cya Ennedi cya Tchad. <ref>"[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/06/0617_020618_croc.html Desert-Adapted Crocs Found in Africa]", National Geographic News, 18 June 2002</ref> Sikorupiyo y'urupfu ishobora kureshya na sentimetero 10(3.9 in). Ubumara bwayo burimo agitoxine na scyllatoxine nyinshi kandi mbi cyane kubuzima; ariko,kurumwa niyi sikorupiyo ntibipfa kwica umuntu mukuru ufite ubuzima bwiza. Ikimonyo gisa na feza cyo muri Sahara kirihariye kubera ubushyuhe bukabije bw’aho, hamwe n’inyamanswa zihora zigihiga, ibimonyo bisohoka mubuvumo bwabyo iminota icumi gusa kumunsi. ingamiya n' [[ihene]] ni [[inyamaswa]] ni amatungo aboneka cyane muri Sahara. Kubera imiterere yayo yo kutananirwa no kwihuta, ingamiya ninyamaswa ikunzwe,ikoreshwa nabakerarugendo . Ibikorwa byabantu bibangamira cyane agace gakunda kubamo amazi (oase) cyangwa aho amazi yegereye hejuru. Umubare munini w’inyamabere zari zisigaye waragabanutse bitewe nuko abantu bazihiga ngo bazirye. Mu myaka yashize, imishinga yiterambere yatangiriye mu butayu bwa Alijeriya na Tuniziya hakoreshejwe amazi yuhira yavomwe mu mazi yo mu kuzimu. Izi gahunda akenshi ziganisha ku kwangirika no gusharira kubutaka . Abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Hacettepe (Yücekutlu, N. et al., 2011) batangaje ko ubutaka bwa Sahara bushobora kuba bufite ubutare nyabuzima ndetse na bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byibiriwa bikenerwa gukoreshwa nk'ifumbire mu guhinga ingano. == Amateka == [[File:Mathendous_giraffes.jpg|thumb| urutare rw;ubugeni rwo muri Sahara muri Fezzan]] Abantu babaga ku nkombe yubutayu hashize imyaka ibihumbi, <ref name="Post-Ice Age Sahara">[http://discovermagazine.com/2006/oct/sahara-desert-savanna-climate Discover Magazine], 2006-Oct.</ref> kuva igihe kirekire cyurubura kirangiye . Icyo gihe Sahara yari ahantu heza cyane kuruta uko bimeze muri iki gihe. Izirenga petroglyphs 30.000 zinyamaswa zo mumazi nk 'ingona <ref name="Crocodiles">[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/06/0617_020618_croc.html National Geographic News], 17 June 2006.</ref> zakomeje kubaho,kimwe cya kabiri cyazo kiboneka mu Tassili n'Ajjer mu majyepfo ya Algeria. dinozore zasigaye, harimo ''Afrovenator'', ''Jobaria'' na ''Ouranosaurus'', nazo ziba muri Arijeriya. Sahara yubu nta bimera byinshi ifite, usibye mu [[Nili|kibaya]] cya [[Nili]],no mu misozi miremire yo mu majyaruguru, aho usanga ibimera bya Mediterane nk'igiti [[Umumuri|cy'umwelayo]]. Abantu benshi bemezaga ko ako karere ariko kari kameze kuva kera nko mu mwaka wa 1600 mbere ya Yezu, nyuma y’imihindagurikire y’isi ubushyuhe bwariyongereye ndetse n’imvura iragabanuka, ibyo bikaba byaratumye habaho ubutayu butunguranye muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru mumyaka 5.400 ishize. <ref name="Science Daily"/> === AbaKiffian === Umuco wa Kiffian nuwo mugihe cyabanjirije amateka, wabayeho hagati yimyaka 10,000 na 8000 ishize muri Sahara, mugihe cya Neolithic Subpluvial . Ibisigazwa by'abantu bo muri uyu muco byabonetse mu 2000 ku kibanza kizwi ku izina rya Gobero, giherereye muri [[Nigeri|Niger]] mu butayu bwa Ténéré . Iki kibanza kizwi nkimva nini yamabuye kandi ya mbere yabantu mu butayu bwa Sahara. Abakiffians bari abahigi babahanga. Amagufa yinyamaswa nini zo mu mukenke zavumbuwe muri ako gace zerekana ko babaga ku nkombe yikiyaga cyari gihari mugihe cya Holocene Wet Phase, igihe Sahara yari yuzuye kandi itose. Abakiffian bari barebare, basumba centimetero 185. Isesengura rya Craniometric ryerekana ko aba baturage ba Holocene bo hambere bari bafitanye isano rya bugufi na Late Pleistocene Iberomaurusians hamwe naba Holocene ba mbere ba Maghreb, ndetse nitsinda rya Holocene Mechta rwagati . Ibimenyetso byumuco wa Kiffian ntibikibaho kuva mumyaka 8000 ishize, kuko Sahara yanyuze mugihe cyumye mumyaka igihumbi ishize. Nyuma yiki gihe, umuco wa Teneriya wigaruriye ako karere. === Abanya Teneri === Gobero yavumbuwe mu 2000 mu rugendo rw’ubucukuzi rwari ruyobowe na Paul Sereno, washakaga ibisigazwa bya dinozore . Imico ibiri itandukanye yabayeho mbere yamateka yavumbuwe aho hantu: umuco wa mbere wa Holocene Kiffian, n'umuco wo hagati wa Holocene Tenerian . Kiffians bari abantu babanjirije amateka babanjirije abanya Teneriya baza kuzimira hashize imyaka 8000, ubwo ubutayu bwashyuhaga cyane. Kuzimira byarakomeje kugeza mu 4600 mbere ya Yesu, ubwo ibihangano bya mbere bifitanye isano na Teneriya byandikwaga. I Gobero havumbuwe ibigazwa byabantu bagera kuri 200. Abanya Teneriya bari bagufi cyane kandi ntambaraga ugereranyije nabaKiffian. Isesengura rya Craniometric ryerekana kandi ko bari batandukanye. Imva zerekana ko Abanya Teneriya bubahirije imigenzo yo mu mwuka, kuko bashyinguwe hamwe n'ibikoresho nk'imitako ikozwe mu mitsi yimvubu n'amasafuriya y'ibumba. Ikintu gitangaje cyane ni ugushyingurwa kwabantu batatu bahoberana mumva imwe, byabaye mu myaka 5300 ishize, byumugore ukuze n’abana babiri, bagereranijwe ko bari bafite imyaka itanu n umunani. Ibisigazwa byabo byerekana ko batwikiwe ku buriri bwindabyo. Bose uko ari batatu bavugwa ko bapfuye mu masaha 24 buri wese, ariko kubera ko ibisigazwa byabo bidafite ihahamuka rigaragara (ntabwo bashinyaguriwe bikabije) kandi bashyinguwe ku buryo bwiza icyabateye gupfa kiracyari amayobera. [[File:Vue_de_Taghit.jpg|thumb|Oued Zouzfana n'umudugudu wa Taghit]] === Tashwinat Mummy === Uan Muhuggiag bigaragara ko hatigeze haturwa kuva byibuze mu kinyagihumbi cya 6 kugeza mu 2700 mbere ya Yezu, nubwo wenda hanyuzagano hagaturwa. ikintu cy'agaciro dusanga muri UAN Muhuggiag ni umubyeyi wabitse neza umwana w'umuhungu uri mukigero cy'imyaka 2 nigice. Umwana yari aryamye nkuko uruhinja ruba rumeze munda, ari mumufuka wakozwe muruhu rwimparage, uriho n'amababi. Bimwe mu bice byumubiri we byavanyweho, nkuko bigaragazwa ninkovu zo mu nda no mugatuza, hanyuma hashyirwaho imiti igabanya ubukana kugira ngo umubiri we utangirika. Urunigi rw'amagi ya ostrich narwo rwabonetse mu ijosi rye. Radiocarubone yagaragaje ko uwo mugore yari afite hafi imyaka 5600, ibyo bigatuma irusha imyaka 1000 umugore wari warabayeho imyaka myinshi muri Egiputa ya kera. Mu 1958–59, ubushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe byuwo mwana mu matongo buyobowe na Antonio Ascenzi bwakoze isesengura rya antropropologique, radiologue, amateka n'ubutabire kuri mummy Uan Muhuggiag bwemeje ko yari umwana w'amezi 30 nigitsina kitazwi, yari afite imiterere ya Negroid . Ibipimo byafashwe ku inda ye byerekanaga kandi ko umubiri we wabanje gutwarwa na evisceration hanyuma nyuma ugahinduka umwanda. Undi muntu mukuru, basanze kuri Uan Muhuggiag, yari yarahambwe yunamye. Ariko, umubiri ntiwerekanye ibimenyetso bya evisceration cyangwa ubundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kuwubungabunga. Umurambo bagereranije ko ushobora kuba aruwo muri 7500 BP. === Nubians === [[File:Beni-Izguen.jpg|thumb|Beni Isguen, umujyi mutagatifu uzengurutswe n'inkuta ndende muri Sahara ya Alijeriya]] Mu gihe cya Neolithic, mbere yuko ubutayu butangira ahagana mu 9500 mbere ya Yesu, Sudani yo hagati yari ifite ibidukikije byinshi byafashaga baturage benshi ariko ubu hose hahindutse ubutayu. Mu kinyagihumbi cya 5 mbere ya Yezu, abantu bari batuye ahahoze hitwa Nubia, nibo bakoze "impinduramatwara mu buhinzi", bari babanye neza n'ibimera n'amatungo yo mu rugo. Ubugeni bw’[[inka]] n’abashumba bo muri sahara isobanura imihango nimizizririzo y' inka dusanga muri iki gihe muri Sudani ndetse n’indi miryango y’aborozi muri Afurika. Megaliths iboneka muri Nabta Playa ifatwa nkurugero rwerekana ibikoresho bya mbere bizwi ku isi bya kera, byahanuye Stonehenge imyaka igera ku 2000. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130725174732/http://www.planetquest.org/learn/nabta.html The History of Astronomy]. PlanetQuest</ref> Ibi biragoye kubyumva, nkuko byagaragaye kuri Nabta Playa, kandi nkuko byagaragajwe n'inzego zinyuranye z'ubuyobozi muri sosiyete yaho, birashoboka ko ari byo byashingiweho ku miterere y'umuryango wa Neolithic i Nabta ndetse n'Ubwami bwa kera bwa Misiri. <ref>Wendorf, Fred (1998) [https://web.archive.org/web/20101009235228/http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa].</ref> === Abanyamisiri === Ahagana mu 6000 mbere ya Yezu, Abanyamisiri bo mumajyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Egiputa baragiraga inka kandi bakubaka inyubako nini. Imiturire iri kumurongo kandi idahindagurika yo mu Misiri ahagana mbere yikinyejana cya 6 mbere ya Yesu yibandaga ahanini kubuhinzi bwibinyampeke nubworozi bw'amatungo: inka, ihene, ingurube nintama. Ibintu bikozwe mubyuma byasimbuye ibyari byarakozwe mamabuye. Muri icyo gihe gutunganya impu zinyamaswa, ububumbyi no kuboha nabyo byarakorwaga cyane. Ibimenyetso byerekana akazi ka Al Fayyum mugihe kirekire cyangwa gusa byigihe gito mumwaka wa 6 mbere ya Yezu, hamwe nibikorwa byibiribwa byibanda kuburobyi, guhiga no gukusanya ibiryo. Imyambi yamabuye, ibyuma nibisakuzo kuva mubihe bikunze kuboneka. <ref name="Fayum">[http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/fayum/fayumb.html Fayum, Qarunian] (Fayum B, about 6000–5000 BCE?), [https://web.archive.org/web/20100416080018/http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/ Digital Egypt].</ref> Mubikozwe mwibumba bakoraga inkono, imitako,ibikoresho by'ubuhinzi nibyo guhiga, batekaga n’ibiribwa bitandukanye birimo inyama zumishijwe n'imbuto. Gushyingura mubutayu byongera imihango y'Abanyamisiri, kandi abapfuye bashyingurwaga bareba iburengerazuba. <ref name="Predynastic">Predynastic (5,500–3,100 BCE), Tour Egypt.</ref> Kugeza mu 3400 mbere ya Yezu, Sahara yari yumye nkuko bimeze muri iki gihe, kubera kugabanuka kw'imvura n'ubushyuhe bwinshi biturutse ku guhinduka kw'izenguruka isi. <ref name="Science Daily"/> Uko kuma byabereye abantu imbogamizi yo kujya kuhatura. Ubucuruzi buciriritse cyangwa ubucuruzi bizwi ko byanyuze imbere mu bihe byakurikiyeho, ikintu cyonyine kidasanzwe ni ikibaya cya Nili. Nili ariko, ntiyashoboraga kunyura muri cataracte nyinshi, bigatuma ubucuruzi no guhura nubwato bigorana. === Abanyafenisiya === [[File:Bilma-Salzkarawane1.jpg|thumb|Azalai umunyu. Abafaransa batangaje ko muri 1906 ubushyo bw;ingamiya zari ingamiya 20.000.]] Abaturage ba Fenisiya, bateye imbere kuva mu 1200-800 mbere ya Yesu, bashinze ihuriro ry'ubwami muri Sahara yose kugera mu Misiri. Muri rusange bari batuye ku nkombe za Mediterane, ndetse na Sahara, mu baturage ba Libiya ya kera, bakaba ari abasekuruza b'abantu bavuga indimi za Berber muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru na Sahara muri iki gihe, harimo na Tuareg yo muri Sahara rwagati. Inyuguti z'Abanyafoyinike zisa n'izakiriwe n'Abanyalibiya ba kera bo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, kandi Tifinagh iracyakoreshwa muri iki gihe n'abashumba b'ingamiya ba Tuareg bavuga ururimi rwa Berber bo muri Sahara rwagati. Igihe kimwe hagati ya 633 na 530 mbere ya Yezu, Hanno Navigator yashinze cyangwa ashimangira ubukoloni bwa Fenisiya mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara, ariko ibisigazwa bya kera byose byarazimanganye nta kimenyetso na kimwe gisigaye. === Abagereki === Mu 500 mbere ya Yezu, Abagereki nibwo bageze mu butayu. Abacuruzi b'Abagereki bakwirakwiriye ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba bw'ubutayu, bashyiraho ubukoloni bw'ubucuruzi ku nyanja Itukura . abanyakariteje bakwirakwiye ku nkombe za Atalantika yo mu butayu, ariko imivumba yamazi no kubura amasoko byatumye batagera mu majyepfo nko Maroc ya none. Ibihugu bikomatanyije bizengurutse ubutayu mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba; byarakomeje birigenga. Igitero cyagabwe nabaturage b'abimukira bo mu butayu cyahoraga gihangayikishije abatuye ku nkombe z'ubutayu. === Iterambere mumijyi === [[File:Ghardaia01.jpg|thumb|Isoko ryari ku kibanza kinini cya Ghardaïa (1971)]] Iterambere mu mujyi, Garamantes, ryatangiye ahagana mu mwaka wa 500 mnere ya Yezu muri Sahara rwagati, mu kibaya cyitwa Wadi al-Ajal i Fezzan, muri Libiya. Garamantes yageze kuri iryo terambere mu gucukura imiringoti kure cyane yimisozi ihanamye kugirango ikure amazi mu kibaya hanyuma uyizane mumirima yabo. Garamantes yarakuze cyane kandi irakomera, yigarurira abaturanyi bayo kandi ifata abacakara besnhi (bashyizwe mubikorwa byo kwagura imiyoboro). Abagereki ba kera n'Abaroma bari bazi abanyagaramantes kandi bakabafata nk'abimukira badafite umuco. Icyakora, bakoranaga ubucuruzi nabo, kandi mu murwa mukuru wa Garamantes wa Garama habonetse ubwogero bw'Abaroma. Abacukumbuzi b'ibya kera basanze imijyi umunani minini hamwe n'indi midugudu myinshi ikomeye mu karere ka Garamantes. Iterambere rya Garamantes ryaje gusenyuka nyuma yo gutakaza amazi aboneka muri aquifers ntibaba bagishoboye gukomeza kwagura iyo miyoboro kugera ku misozi. Hagati y'ikinyejana cya mbere mbere ya Yesu n'ikinyejana cya kane nyuma ya Yesu, ingendo nyinshi z'Abaroma muri Sahara zakozwe n'itsinda ry'imitwe ya gisirikare n'ubucuruzi y'Abaroma . === Berber === [[File:Marabutto-Taghirt.JPG|thumb|Zawiya ku bwinjiriro bwa Taghit, Alijeriya]] [[File:Hoggar_caravane2.jpg|thumb|Tuareg yigeze kugenzura Sahara yo hagati nubucuruzi bwayo.]] Abaturage ba Berber bigaruriye igice kinini cya Sahara. Garamantes Berbers yubatse ingoma ikize rwagati mu butayu. <ref>Mattingly et al. (2003). ''Archaeology of Fazzan'', Volume 1</ref> Aborozi babaTuareg bakomeje gutura no kwambukiranya ubuso bunini bwa Sahara kugeza nubu. === Kwaguka kwa isilamu nicyarabu === Ingoma ya Byzantine yategekaga inkombe zo mu majyaruguru ya Sahara kuva mu kinyejana cya 5 kugeza mu cya 7. Nyuma yuko abayisilamu bigaruriye Arabiya, cyane cyane mu gice cy’Abarabu, banigaruriye Afurika y’Amajyaruguru kuva hagati mu kinyejana cya 7 kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 8 kandi imbaraga za kisilamu zagutse vuba muri Sahara. Mu mpera za 641 Misiri yose yari mu maboko y’abayisilamu. Ubucuruzi bwambukiranya ubutayu bwarushijeho kwiyongera, kandi nubucuruzi bukomeye bwabacakara bwanyuraga mubutayu. Byagereranijwe ko kuva mu kinyejana cya 10 kugeza mu cya 19 abacakara bagera ku 6.000 kugeza ku 7.000 batwarwaga mu majyaruguru buri mwaka. === Igihe cya Turukiya === Mu kinyejana cya 16, mu majyaruguru ya Sahara,muturere two ku nkombe muri Alijeriya na Tuniziya y'ubu, ndetse no mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Libiya y'ubu, hamwe n'ubwami bwigenga bwa Misiri, bwigaruriwe n'ubwami bwa Ottoman. . Kuva mu 1517 Misiri yari igice cy’u Bwami bwa Ottoman, ibyo byatumaga Ottomani igenzura ikibaya cya Nili, uburasirazuba bwa Mediterane na Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Inyungu y'Ubwami bwa Ottoman nuko abaturage bakoraga bambukaga imipaka biboroheye kandi bagakora n'ubucuruzi hagati yabo. Abacuruzi bifashishije inzira y'ubutaka bwa Ottoman kugira ngo bagemure ibirungo, zahabu na silike biva mu burasirazuba,hamwe n'ibicuruzwa biva mu [[Burayi]], ariko hanakorerwaga nicuruzwa ritemewe ryabacakara na zahabu biva muri Afurika. Icyarabu cyarakomeje maze ururimi n'umuco wa kisilamu birashimangirwa cyane. Uturere twa Sahel n’amajyepfo ya Sahara twarimo ibihugu byinshi byigenga hamwe n'imiryango ya Tuareg. === Ubukoloni bw'i Burayi === Ubukoloni bw’i Burayi muri Sahara bwatangiye mu kinyejana cya 19. [[Ubufaransa]] bwigaruriye ubutegetsi bwa Alijeriya kuva muri Ottomani mu 1830, maze ubutegetsi bw’Abafaransa bukwira mu majyepfo kuva muri Alijeriya bwerekeza iburasirazuba muri [[Senegali]] kugera muri Nijeri , Tchad, Mali, Sudani y'Abafaransa yari igizwe na Timbuktu (1893), Mauritania, Maroc (1912), Nigeriya, na Tuniziya (1881). Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, ubucuruzi bwambukiranya Sahara bwari bwaragabanutse kubera ko ubucuruzi bwakorwaga binyuze mu buryo bugezweho kandi bunoze, nk'indege, aho kwambuka ubutayu. <ref>Trans-Saharan Africa in World History, Ch. 6, Ralph Austin</ref> Abafaransa bifashishije urwango rumaze igihe hagati yabarabu ba Chaamba nabaTuareg. Mu 1902, Abafaransa binjiye mu misozi ya Hoggar batsinda abaTuareg mu ntambara ya Tit . Ingoma y'Abakoloni b'Abafaransa niyo yari yiganje muri Sahara. yashyizeho imiyoboro isanzwe iva i Toulouse yerekeza, i Oran no hejuru ya Hoggar kugera Timbuktu no mu Burengerazuba i [[Bamako]] na Dakar, ndetse na bisi zitwara abagenzi zambukiranya Sahara ziyobowe na companyi Transsaharienne (est. 1927). Filime idasanzwe yakozwe na Kapiteni René Wauthier uzwi cyane mu gutwara indege yerekana imodoka nini y’ikamyo yambutse sahara bwa mbere iva muri Algiers yerekeza Tchad. Igihugu cya Misiri, kiyobowe na Muhammad Ali n'abamusimbuye, bigaruriye Nubiya mu 1820-22, bashinga Khartoum mu 1823, bigarurira Darfur mu 1874. Igihugu cya Egiputa, harimo na Sudani, cyakolonijwe n'ubwongereza mu 1882. Misiri n'Ubwongereza byatakaje Sudani kuva 1882 kugeza 1898 biturutse ku ntambara ya Mahdist . Nyuma yo gufatwa n’ingabo z’Abongereza mu 1898, Sudani yabaye agakingirizo k’Abongereza n'Abanyamisiri. Espagne yigaruriye Sahara y’iburengerazuba nyuma ya 1874, nubwo Rio del Oro yayobowe na Sahrawi . Mu 1912, Ubutaliyani bwafashe ibice by'icyagombaga kwitwa Libiya muri Ottomani. Muguteza imbere idini Gatolika y’Abaroma mu butayu, Papa Piyo wa IX yohereje intumwa muri Sahara na Sudani mu 1868; nyuma mu kinyejana cya 19 ububasha bwe bwongeye guhindurwa muri Vicariate Apostolique ya Sahara . === Gusenyuka kwingoma na nyuma yaho === [[File:Libya_5101_Fozzigiaren_Arch_Tadrart_Acacus_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg|thumb|Ikibuye karemano kiri mu majyepfo yuburengerazuba bwa Libiya]] [[File:Hoggar_Desert_(Algerie).jpg|left|thumb|Sahara yuyu munsi]] Igihugu cya Misiri cyabonye ubwigenge ku [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] mu 1936, nubwo amasezerano y'Abongereza n'Abanyamisiri yo mu 1936 yemereye u Bwongereza kugumisha ingabo muri Egiputa no muri Sudani. Ingabo z’Ubwongereza zavanyweho mu 1954. Byinshi mu bihugu bya Sahara byabonye ubwigenge nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose : Libiya mu 1951; Maroc, Sudani, na Tuniziya mu 1956; Cadi, Mali, Moritaniya, na Nijeri mu 1960; na Alijeriya mu 1962. Espagne yavuye mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara mu 1975, maze sahara igabanywa Moritaniya na Maroc. Moritaniya yavuyemo mu 1979; Maroc niyo ikomeje kwigarurira ako karere. Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, ibirombe byinshi hamwe n’abaturage byateye imbere kugira ngo bikoreshe umutungo kamere w’ubutayu. Harimo amafaranga yinjira avuye kuri peteroli na gazi muri Algeria na Libya, nava kuri phosphates muri Maroc na Sahara yiburengerazuba. Hashyizwe mu mushinga w'ibyigwa imihanda minini yambukiranya Africa inyuze muri Sahara , harimo umuhanda wa Cairo - Dakar ukikije inkombe ya Atalantika, Umuhanda Trans-Sahara uva Algiers ku nyanja ya Mediterane ugana i Kano muri [[Nijeriya]], Umuhanda wa Tripoli - Cape Town uva Tripoli muri Libiya werekeza i N'Djamena muri Tchad, n'umuhanda wa Cairo - Cape Town ugenda ukurikira Nili. Buri imwe muri iyi nzira nyabagendwa yaruzuye , hamwe ni ibyuho n'ibice bitarimo kaburimbo. == Abantu, umuco, n'indimi == [[File:A long line of men are marching with their hands thrust thro Wellcome V0041263.jpg|thumb|Ikinyejana cya 19 cyaranzwe nabacuruzi b'Abarabu bacuruzaga abirabura babajyana hakurya ya Sahara]] Abaturage ba Sahara bafite inkomoko zitandukanye. Twavuga nka amazigh igizwe n'abaTuareg, abarabu ba Amazigh, AbaSahrawis bavuga icyesipanyoro bafite abaturage barimo Znaga, umuryango ufite izina rikomoka ku rurimi rwa Zenaga rwa mbere yamateka . Andi matsinda akomeye yabantu arimo: Toubou, Nubians, Zaghawa, Kanuri, Hausa, Songhai, Beja, na Fula / Fulani. Imvugo zicyarabu ni indimi zivugwa cyane muri Sahara. Icyarabu, Berber nizindi indimi zizishamikiyeho zose zahurijwe hamwe ku ijambo Amazigh (rikubiyemo ururimi rwa Guanche ruvugwa n’abaturage ba mbere ba Berber batuye mu birwa bya Canary),indimi za Beja nazo ziri mu muryango wa [[Indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike|Afro-Aziya]] cyangwa [[Indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike|Hamito-Semitike]] .  Mu bihugu bya Afurika y'uburengerazuba niyo hagati ubariyemo na Sahara, bakoreshaga ururimi rw'igifaransa mu biganiro bwite no ubucuruzi bwo mu karere, abantu baho bari barafashe uwo muco wa kinyapolitike ndetse niyo bavuganaga na Tuareg na Berber. Umurage w'ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni b'Abafaransa ugaragarira cyane cyane mu ivugurura ry'ubutaka ryashyizweho na repubulika ya gatatu n'iya kane, ryateje amacakubiri ya politiki mu buryo bw'ubukorikori mu karere kitaruye kandi kegeranye. Diplomacy hamwe nabakiriya kavukire yakorwaga cyane cyane mucyarabu, akaba arirwo rurimi gakondo rwakoreshwaga no munzego z'ubuyobozi. Gukemura amakimbirane no gutumanaho hagati y’ibigo byakorwaga n’abasemuzi bagiranye amasezerano na guverinoma y’Ubufaransa, nk'uko Keenan akomeza abivuga, mu nyandiko yise "ahantu h’umuhuza w’imico itandukanye," ibi byagize uruhare runini mu kubungabunga indangamuntu gakondo z’akarere. == Ibindi wareba == * Arid Lands Amakuru Yumuyoboro * Urutonde rw'ubutayu * Urutonde rwubutayu ukurikije uturere * Neolithic Subpluvial * Ikigega cyo kubungabunga Sahara * Inyanja ya Sahara * Abashakashatsi bo muri Sahara == Aho byakuwe == {{Reflist}} == Ibitabo Byifashishijwe == * Brett, Michael; Prentess, Elizabeth (1996). The Berbers. Blackwell Publishers. * Bulliet, Richard W. (1975). The Camel and the Wheel. Harvard University Press. Republished with a new preface Columbia University Press, 1990. * Gearon, Eamonn (2011). The Sahara: A Cultural History. Signal Books (UK), Oxford University Press (US). * Julien, Charles-Andre (1970). History of North Africa: From the Arab Conquest to 1830. Praeger. * Kennedy, Hugh (1996). Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus. Longman. * Laroui, Abdallah Laroui (1977). The History of the Maghrib: An Interpretive Essay. Princeton. * Scott, Chris (2005). Sahara Overland. Trailblazer Guides. * Wade, Lizzie (2015). "Drones and Satellites Spot Lost Civilizations in Unlikely Places". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aaa7864. == Imiyoboro == * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140805112417/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200701/seas.beneath.the.sands.htm Kubijyanye na Sahara munsi yubutaka] hydrology <span>no guteganya gukoresha</span> amazi [[Category:Sahara]] [[Category:Ubutayu]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5l35cwrsvj28r4satcv2k1atvvvpitn 0 9327 130170 125284 2026-04-05T04:52:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130170 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Aloe Vera''''' ni filim yasohotse muri 2020 yo muri [[Gana]] ikaba yarateguwe kandi itunganywa amshusho na Manaa Abdallah afatanyije na Anny Araba bose bari bayobowe na Peter Sedufia.''<ref>https://rialtofilm.nl/en/films/695/aloe-vera</ref> == Umugambi == Amatsinda abiri yabantu atuye mumudugudu umwe, Aloes na Vera<ref>https://rialtofilm.nl/en/films/695/aloe-vera</ref>. Hariho uguhangana gukabije hagati yabo kwihanganira no kubana kandi buri ruhande rurangwa nibara ryarwo <ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/it-cost-me-about-240k-to-produce-aloe-vera-peter-sedufia/</ref>. Iyo abana b'abayobozi b'umujyi ', Aloewin na Veraline, bakundanye bagomba gushaka uburyo bwo guhuza iyo miryango yombi nubwo bangana<ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/peter-sedufias-aloe-vera-to-hit-cinemas-again/</ref>. Umuganda nyuma uba umwe bitewe nubusabane hagati yabo bombi<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/how-ghanaian-film-director-blew-over-n77-million-on-aloe-vera-video/x8e569h |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414130619/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/how-ghanaian-film-director-blew-over-n77-million-on-aloe-vera-video/x8e569h |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Umusaruro == Izina ry'iyi filime ryatangajwe mu mwaka wa 2019, hamwe n'itangazo rivuga ko umuyobozi Peter Sedufia yubaka amazu 100 mu rwego rwo gushinga umudugudu wo gufata amashusho mu gace ka Dabala<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.awotele.com/2021/05/12/ghana-aloe-vera-veut-conqu%C3%A9rir-les-salles-francophones/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112133654/https://www.awotele.com/2021/05/12/ghana-aloe-vera-veut-conqu%C3%A9rir-les-salles-francophones/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, mu karere ka Volta muri [[Gana]]. Abakinnyi Priscilla Opoku Agyemang, Nana Ama Mcbrown, na Roselyn Ngissah nabo bagaragaye ko bakinnye muri firime<ref>https://www.glitzafrica.com/peter-sedufias-aloe-vera-trailer-amplifies-existence-of-tribal-discrimination-in-21st-century/</ref>. Worlasi yazanywe no gutanga amajwi ya firime. Sedufia yavuze ko iyi filime ari "kuzamura umushinga we mbere kandi igamije guha abantu ikintu gifite agaciro n'igihe cyabo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/aloe-vera-to-open-in-nine-francophone-countries-as-ghanaian-cinemas-remain-shut/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112133654/https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/aloe-vera-to-open-in-nine-francophone-countries-as-ghanaian-cinemas-remain-shut/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>." ''Aloe Vera'' yari ifite ingengo yimari ingana na N58.204.500 ariko yagiye hejuru yingengo yimari N77.606.000 kubera amatariki yo gufata amashusho nyuma yimvura nyinshi yangije ibikoresho byo gufata amashusho. Imvura kandi yangije cyane firime, Sedufia yavuze ko byagaragaye ko ari ikibazo gikomeye<ref>https://www.ghmoviefreak.com/trailer-alert-heres-a-first-look-at-what-aloe-vera-is-all-about/</ref>. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] dltrcsbpfbbw9w06op48lobgrhko545 0 9442 130188 116695 2026-04-05T07:03:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130188 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nigeria - Location Map (2013) - NGA - UNOCHA.svg|thumb|nuwo muri nigeriya niho yakuriye niho yavukiye]] '''Andy Amadi Okoroafor numukinnyi''' wa firime [[Nijeriya|wo]] muri [[Nijeriya|Nigeriya]] nkumuvugizi wa TED<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/andy-amadi-okoroafor/</ref>. Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa film ya ''Relentless ya'' 2010. Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, ni umwanditsi, producer numuyobozi wubuhanzi. Niwe washinze sitidiyo yo guhanga 'Clam'<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4162175/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 8 Gashyantare 1966 i Bauchi, mu majyaruguru ya [[Nijeriya]]. Yari afite umwaka umwe igihe intambara yatangiraga i Biafra<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270472677_Okoroafor_Andy_Amadi_Relentless_2010_95_min_With_Gideon_Okeke_Nneka_Egbuna_and_Jimmy_Jean-Louis_France_and_Nigeria_English_Clam_Films_No_price_reported</ref>. Nyuma yaje kwimukira i Paris mu [[Bufaransa]] maze akora nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe ubuhanzi mu kwamamaza, imideli n'amashusho y'indirimbo. Ni na TED-Mugenzi<ref>https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-andy-amadi-okoroafor/</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu [[Bufaransa]], Okoroafor yamaze imyaka 5 yubuhanzi ayobora amashusho yindirimbo <ref>https://clamfilms2.wordpress.com/andy-okoroafor/</ref>, kuva kuri alubumu kugeza ku mashusho yindirimbo. Yashinze sitidiyo yo guhanga yitwa 'Clam' na 'Clam magazine' mu 1999. Iki kinyamakuru gisohoka kabiri mu mwaka mu [[Buyapani]], [[Amerika]], [[Uburayi]], na [[Berezile]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.xyz.ng/en/people/andy-amadi-okoroafor-biography-fact-career-awards-net-worth-and-life-story-102598 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115131430/https://www.xyz.ng/en/people/andy-amadi-okoroafor-biography-fact-career-awards-net-worth-and-life-story-102598 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Mu imurikagurisha rya 2017, yayoboye igitaramo ''show Never Surrender'', i M. Bassy i Hamburg, mu [[Budage]]. Muri iki gitaramo harimo gufotora no kwerekana amashusho murukurikirane, ''Aphrike Yinshi''<ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/andy-amadi-okoroafor-relentless-2010-95-min-with-gideon-okeke-nneka-egbuna-and-jimmy-jeanlouis-france-and-nigeria-english-clam-films-no-price-reported/AF4AE386A7D6EEE44E781FFB6953395A</ref> . Hamwe nuruhererekane, yakoranye na mugenzi we bafotora hamwe nuwakoze firime, Andrew Dosunmu.<ref>https://m-bassy.org/en/programm/more-aphrike-2</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, Okoroafor yakoze filime ''Relentless'', filime ye ya mbere. Mu Kwakira 2010, iyi filime yatoranijwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema ryabereye i Londres, ryerekanwa ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2010 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Afurika ryabereye i Port Harcourt ku nshuro ya mbere muri [[Afurika]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kalamu.com/neogriot/2013/10/08/interview-video-andy-amadi-okoroafor/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115131422/http://kalamu.com/neogriot/2013/10/08/interview-video-andy-amadi-okoroafor/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.filmlinc.org/films/relentless/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2010 |''[[:en:Relentless_(2010_film)|Relentless]]'' |Director, writer, producer |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 7r4tl8f0gua9wpd6crlz762axliapsw 0 9734 130193 130098 2026-04-05T10:15:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130193 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kenya - Location Map (2013) - KEN - UNOCHA.svg|thumb|ighugu akoreramo akaba arinaho yavukiye]] '''Catherine Kamau Karanja''' (yavutse Gashyantare 3, 1987) <ref name="DOB">{{Cite web |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/celina-child-tender-age |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2018-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223131501/http://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/celina-child-tender-age/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Kenya]] , uzwi nka ''"Celina"'' <ref name="Ce">https://naibuzz.com/catherine-kamau-celina-hubby-share-photos-honeymoon/</ref> (cyangwa ''"Selina"'' <ref name="Se">https://www.tuko.co.ke/370537-mother-law-full-cast-real-names-photos.html</ref> ) na ''"Kate Actress".'' <ref name="Kate">{{Cite web |url=https://kenyan-post.com/2020/07/award-winning-actress-catherine-kamau-advises-single-mothers-to-accept-and-move-on-using-her-own-experience/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024020209/https://kenyan-post.com/2020/07/award-winning-actress-catherine-kamau-advises-single-mothers-to-accept-and-move-on-using-her-own-experience/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="KP">https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/local-news/2001343111/photos-catherine-kamau-hubby-philip-karanja-expecting-first-child-together</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kenyandigest.com/catherine-kamau-kate-actress-teaches-how-to-balance-work-and-family/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024020253/https://kenyandigest.com/catherine-kamau-kate-actress-teaches-how-to-balance-work-and-family/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yaje kumenyekana kubera uruhare rwe muri TV ya Citizen TV,''Mother In-Law'' aho yakinaga nka Celina. Yagaragaye no mu zindi filime nka ''Sue na Jonie'' (2017-2019), ''plan B'', na ''Disconnect'' . Catherine yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Chogoria aho yinjiye mu ikinamico maze amenyekana cyane kubera impano ye, mbere yo kwimukira i Loreto Convent Msongari aho yatsindiye igihembo cya 'Miss Loreto'. Afite Impamyabumenyi mu Itumanaho, yiga ibijyanye n'imibanire rusange na [[Kenya]] College of Communication and Technology yazamuwe muri kaminuza ya MultiMedia yo muri Kenya . Kamau ni ambasaderi wikirango <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/12-kenyan-celebrities-with-ambassadorial-jobs/xsfq6yp |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110140756/https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/12-kenyan-celebrities-with-ambassadorial-jobs/xsfq6yp |url-status=dead }}</ref> muri Harpic [[Kenya]] na Nice na peteroli nziza ya Jelly. == Umwuga == Kamau yakinnye nka Selina (cyangwa Celina) muka Charlie ( Patrick Oketch ) kuri serivise yikinamico ya ''Mother In-Law'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ke/he-has-never-been-a-drunk-celina-heaps-praise-on-her-television-sweetheart-as-he-turns-a-year-older/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127213335/http://www.ghafla.com/ke/he-has-never-been-a-drunk-celina-heaps-praise-on-her-television-sweetheart-as-he-turns-a-year-older/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> yatangiye mu 2006. Yahise ava mu gitaramo yerekeza kuri televiziyo yo mu [[Igiswahili|rurimi rw'igiswahiri]] ''Sue Na Jonnie'', aho yakinnye nka Sue. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ke/celina-reveals-left-tv-show-mother-law/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023225743/http://www.ghafla.com/ke/celina-reveals-left-tv-show-mother-law/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt7640582/fullcredits</ref> Yatsindiye Umukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi mu cyiciro cya TV Drama Series mu bihe bya Kalasha Awards 2017 yongera guhabwa nomination muri 2018, kubera uruhare rwe muri " ''Sue Na Jonnie'' ". <ref>https://businesstoday.co.ke/kalasha-awards-2018-kenyan-film-submitted-oscars-bags-12-nominations/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://stories.showmax.com/selina-plan-b-and-more-kalasha-awards-2019-winners-to-stream-on-showmax/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102112605/https://stories.showmax.com/selina-plan-b-and-more-kalasha-awards-2019-winners-to-stream-on-showmax/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yatowe mu bakinnyi bitwaye neza mu cyiciro cya Filime cya komisiyo ishinzwe amafilime ya [[Kenya]] Kalasha Awards 2018 kubera uruhare yagize muri filime ''Disconnect.'' Yakinnye nka Joyce muri filime yo gusetsa y’urukundo ya 2019, " ''Plan B'' ", yakozwe na Sarah Hassan kandi iyobowe n’umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Nijeriya]], Dolapo Adeleke (Lowladee) . <ref>https://paukwa.or.ke/plan-b/</ref> <ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/02/plan-b.html</ref> Kubera uruhare rwe nka Joyce, yongeye gutorwa nk'umukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi mu cyiciro cya Filime ku nshuro ya 9 ya Kenya Film Commission ya Kalasha Awards 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/editors-picks/kalasha-awards-deal-with-star-times-irks-actress-catherine-kamau |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023225913/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/editors-picks/kalasha-awards-deal-with-star-times-irks-actress-catherine-kamau |url-status=dead }}</ref> Catherine Kamau aherutse no kwerekana muri firime ebyiri The Grand Little Lie (GLL) mu rwego rwo gukina. Filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2021 . Iyi firime yakozwe na Phil it Production isosiyete ifitwe numugabo we Philip Karanja. Indi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ni Nafsi, iyi ikaba ari filime ya Multan Production Limited iyobowe na Reuben Odanga. Niwe kandi ukora ibintu hamwe na YouTuber. Ku rubuga rwe rwa YouTube, avuga ku myambarire, imiterere, gukina, imibereho ndetse na nyina. Afite ishyaka ku kibazo cyo gutwita kwingimbi. Kuba yarabaye umubyeyi w'umwangavu, kandi afite interuro yiswe 'Abagabekazi bagomba gutegereza', aho ashishikariza abakobwa bato gutegereza mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo kuba ababyeyi. <ref>https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4p17wJrblGzL-nC6XLwrVg</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Kamau yashakanye na Phillip Karanja ( ''uzwi ku'' izina rya Phil cyangwa Melvin), umuyobozi wa firime ndetse n'uwahoze ari ''umukinnyi wa filimi ya Tahidi High'' kuva ku ya 17 Ugushyingo 2017. Ukwezi kwa buki kwizihirijwe muri [[Seyishele|Seychelles]] . Mu mibanire yabanje igihe yari muri kaminuza mpuzamahanga ya Kampala muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], afite imyaka 19, yibarutse umuhungu we wa mbere, Leon Karanja, mu 2006 Phillip yareze. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://motherhoodinstyle.net/2019/05/27/actress-catherine-kamau-offers-solid-advice-single-moms-finding-love/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2019-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531045103/http://motherhoodinstyle.net/2019/05/27/actress-catherine-kamau-offers-solid-advice-single-moms-finding-love/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri Nzeri 2019, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byatangaje ko we n'umugabo we bategereje umwana wabo wa mbere. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/catherine-kamau-reveals-pregnancy-with-hubby-philip-karanja |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017094335/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/catherine-kamau-reveals-pregnancy-with-hubby-philip-karanja |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ke/baby-onboard-former-mother-in-law-actress-catherine-kamau-and-husband-expecting-their-first-child-together/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126210204/http://www.ghafla.com/ke/baby-onboard-former-mother-in-law-actress-catherine-kamau-and-husband-expecting-their-first-child-together/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Uyu mukinnyi w'amafilime kandi ngo yakiriye umwana mu Kuboza uwo mwaka kugirango yishimire inda yari yarahanuwe ko ari umwana wumukobwa. <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201912040137.html</ref> Bagiye muri babymoon muri [[Malidivezi|Malidiya]] . Yababwiye uburyo yari hafi kureka gusama. <ref>https://www.switchtv.ke/mobile/read-article/210-Actress-Catherine-Kamau-reveals-she-almost-gave-up-getting-pregnant</ref> Nyuma yaje gutangaza ku ya 15 Ukuboza 2019, ko umwana wa mbere w’umugabo we ari umwana w’umukobwa Njeri ("Baby K"). <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/editors-picks/kate-actress-reveals-babys-birth-date |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119142021/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/editors-picks/kate-actress-reveals-babys-birth-date |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/local-news/2001356351/catherine-kamau-shares-first-glimpse-of-her-newborn-baby-girl?amp</ref> <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/local-news/2001361910/kate-the-actress-shows-off-daughter-baby-k-for-first-time</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka !Title ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2017 - 2019 |''Sue Na Jonnie'' | Kurega | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2006 - itariki |''Mother-in-Law'' | Selina (Celina) | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == Ibihembo & Kandidatire == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Umwaka ! Igihembo !Title ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2019 | Ibihembo bya Kalasha |Sue Na Jonnie | Kurega | Umukinnyi mwiza wo gushyigikira umukinnyi |- | 2017 | Ibihembo bya Kalasha |Sue Na Jonnie | Kurega | Ikinamico ya TV nziza cyane |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5dr8jr0g3y7nac8aai11hxx8so426b4 0 9849 130194 108206 2026-04-05T10:41:04Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Clarisse Iribagiza 2014.jpg|thumb|'''Iribagiza Clarisse''' ]] '''Iribagiza Clarisse''' (yavutse 28 Mutarama 1988) ni umunyarwanda w'umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa. Ni umuyobozi mukuru akaba ari nawe washinze isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rya mobile HeHe Limited kandi ni umwe mubanyamuryango 7 ba UNCTAD "eTrade y’abagore bunganira abagore baturuka mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere". Yabanje kwegukana ibihembo bya ba rwiyemezamirimo bo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba kuri televiziyo ''Inspire Africa'' Season 1.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://africawomenexperts.com/lng/en/2021/10/clarisse-iribagiza-the-computer-scientist-who-is-revolutionising-e-commerce-in-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-07 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207092136/http://africawomenexperts.com/lng/en/2021/10/clarisse-iribagiza-the-computer-scientist-who-is-revolutionising-e-commerce-in-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/28274</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/72063</ref> [[Dosiye:UNCTAD Logo.jpg|center|thumb|129x129px|Ikirango cya UNCTAD]] == Ubuzima == Iribagiza yize muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ya kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] kandi yitabira gahunda ya incubation ya Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). <ref name="New Vision">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1409381/27-clarisse-iribagiza-driving-rwandas-tech-industry/</ref> [[Dosiye:African Bank 001.jpeg|thumb|Banki nyafurika aho Iribagiza yabaye mu itsinda ry'abajyanama]] Yashinze isosiyete ye mugihe akiri muto. Isosiyete ye yakuze ifite abakiriya miliyoni ebyiri. Isosiyete ikorana nabatanga isoko kandi babona uburyo bwo kugurisha kuri Internet ibicuruzwa byabo, kubarura no kwakira ubwishyu bwa digitale kubakiriya babo ba nyuma. <ref name="bit">https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2203</ref> HeHe Labs yafatanije na GirlHub muri gahunda igamije gushishikarira abakobwa bo mu [[Rwanda]]. Ntabwo babigisha ibijyanye na ICT gusa, ahubwo ikoranabuhanga nigishushanyo muri rusange no mubitekerezo binegura. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://glimug.com/clarisse-iribagiza-is-transforming-rwanda-into-one-of-africas-most-active-tech-hubs/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204220558/https://glimug.com/clarisse-iribagiza-is-transforming-rwanda-into-one-of-africas-most-active-tech-hubs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iribagiza yari umwe muri "20 movers and shakers of Africa" bavuzwe mu nama nkuru <ref name="TechHerNG">{{Cite web |url=https://techherng.com/clarisse-iribagiza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2019-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021213414/https://techherng.com/clarisse-iribagiza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> hanyuma umwaka ukurikira [[Jeannette Kagame]], Madamu wa perezida w'u Rwanda amuhemba muri gahunda y'imbuto foundation yiswe "Celebrating Young Rwandan Achievers". . <ref name="TechHerNG" /> Muri 2017 yatowe nk'umwe mu bagore 100 ba OkayAfrica. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://100women.okayafrica.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204220558/https://100women.okayafrica.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Irabagiza yicaye mu itsinda ry’abajyanama ba Perezida wa [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki Nyafurika.]] <ref name="bit" /> [[Dosiye:L_to_R_Claudia_de_Heredia_Helianti_Hilman_Nina_Angelovska_Patricia_Zoundi_Yao_and_Xiaofei_Yao.jpg|thumb| L kugeza R: Abandi batsindiye igihembo Claudia de Heredia, Helianti Hilman, Nina Angelovska, Patricia Zoundi Yao na Xiaofei Yao]] Ku ya 24 Nzeri 2019, Inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ubucuruzi n’iterambere yatangaje "eTrade y’abagore bunganira" baturutse mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africanews.space/in-conversation-with-clarisse-iribagiza-ceo-of-hehe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-07 |archive-date=2021-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209195343/https://africanews.space/in-conversation-with-clarisse-iribagiza-ceo-of-hehe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Irabagiza yarari kumwe nabandi nka Nina Angelovska, Nazanin Daneshvar, Xiaofei Yao, Patricia Zoundi Yao, Claudia de Heredia na Helianti Hilman <ref>https://unctad.org/news/unctad-unveils-7-top-advocates-women-tech-e-commerce</ref>. Byatangajwe kumusozo w’Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye i New York ariko Irabagiza yari umwe muri babiri batitabiriye ibirori byo gutanga ibihembo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://aptantech.com/2019/09/23/rwandas-clarisse-iribagiza-founder-of-dmm-hehe-among-7-etrade-advocates-to-be-feted-at-unga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-07 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207092146/https://aptantech.com/2019/09/23/rwandas-clarisse-iribagiza-founder-of-dmm-hehe-among-7-etrade-advocates-to-be-feted-at-unga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ibindi bihembo<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211207092146/https://www.biztechafrica.com/article/rwandan-entrepreneur-wins-inspire-africa-award/2489/#:~:text=The%20co%2Dfounder%20and%20CEO,first%20Inspire%20Africa%20entrepreneurs'%20competition.&text=Iribagiza%20won%20the%20overall%20prize,the%20tune%20of%20USD50%2C000.</ref> == * Forbes 30 Yabatarengeje imyaka 30 muri 2015 * Igitekerezo cy’abataliyani, LSDP (Lo Spazio della Politica) yise Iribagiz mubantu 100 batekereza kwisi. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] m7qd15lpk0teskgsino4pkekg7pg0tg 0 9951 130163 118382 2026-04-04T16:28:09Z Baraka official 17008 Gukosora Imyandikire 130163 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kibogora polytechnic''' ni Kaminuza y'igenga ishingiye kw'idini rya Methodist Libre , ifite ikicaro gikuru mu ntara y'iburengerazuba mu karere ka [https://www.nyamasheke.gov.rw/ Nyamasheke], umurenge wa Kanjongo mu Rwanda. Umushinga wo gutangiza iyi kaminuza watangiye muri Nyakanga 2011 ku igitekerezo cy' itorero rya methodiste libre, ibitaro bya Kibogora ndetse n'abaturage batuye mu bice bigize intara y'iburengerazuba <ref>https://www.4icu.org/reviews/15128.htm</ref>. [[Dosiye:University_of_Rwanda,Huye_campus_.jpg|thumb|KAMINUZA YA KIBOGORA |287x287px]] == Amateka == Ubuyobozi bw'itorero ryigenga rya Methodiste nyuma yo gukora ibiganiro byimbitse k'umushinga wo gutangiza kaminuza bwatanze ubusabe kuri minisiteri y'uburezi na minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu Ugushyingo 2011, Minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu yasubije ubusabe bwabo Kuwa 7 Mutarama 2012, ikurikirwa na minisiteri y'uburezi kuwa 31 Kanama 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kp.ac.rw/about |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-01-31 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131045726/https://www.kp.ac.rw/about |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Nyuma yo kwemererwa ubwo busabe, Iyi kaminuza y'itorero rya Methodiste libre mu Rwanda, yatangiye kwakira abanyeshuri bambere kuwa 17 Nzeri 2012, mu masomo y'ubuganga na theology, kuwa 10 Ukwakira 2012 ikigo gishinzwe amashuri makuru mu Rwanda (HEC) cyemereye iyi kaminuza andi mashami abiri arimo ay'Uburezi n'ubucuruzi ( Business and development studies) mu ishami ry'ubukungu n'iterambere ry'icyaro<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Rwanda</ref>. == Icyerekezo == Kibogora Polytechnic (KP) yemejwe n'ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe amashuri makuru (HEC) ndetse ihabwa uburenganzira busesuye (License) Ukwakira 2014 hashingiwe ku itegeko nomero 07/2015 ryo kuwa 15 Werurwe 2015. Iyi Kaminuza igamije gukemura ikibazo cy'abanyeshuri baburaga aho bakomereza kaminuza hafi yabo igihe batabaga babonye buruse yo gukomeza muri Kaminuza nkuru y' u Rwanda <ref>https://bwiza.com/?Nyamasheke-Abarangije-muri-kaminuza-ya-Kibogora-polytechnic-basabwe-kuba</ref>. Kibogora Polytechnic (KP) itanga impamyabushozi mu ikiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza(Masters) n'ikiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza (bachelor) mu mashami y'uburezi (education), ubuganga (Health sciences), Ubucuruzi (Business and development studies) na Theology <ref>https://topuniversitieslist.com/kibogora-polytechnic/</ref> == Ubutumwa == Kugira uruhare mu kuvugurura umuryango w’u Rwanda ku ruhande rwo kuzamura ireme ry’abakozi mu bijyanye n’uburezi, mu gufasha abahawe impamyabumenyi kurushaho kwikorera ubwabo, umuryango n’Imana, binyuze mu mikurire y’umwuka, kwiga imyuga n’ubushakashatsi, no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry'abaturage.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/kibogora-polytechnic-irateganya-ko-buri-munyeshuri-uyigamo-azagira-laptop-ye</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri makuru]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] lwdtgau2bpwbfihmponz7skuy9gbdhi 0 13881 130181 121621 2026-04-05T05:24:43Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Palast Rock Hotel located in Nyamata, Bugesera District.jpg|thumb|Akarere ka Bugesera|174x174px]] [[Dosiye:Sapium insigne.jpg|thumb|173x173px|igiti]] == Bugesera == [[Dosiye:Fishlake National Forest, Fish Lake Basin, Red Aspen (29038103583).jpg|thumb|Ishyamba muri Bugesera|152x152px]] Bamwe mu baturage bo mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]] baravuga ko nubwo muri iki gihe hari kuva izuba ryinshi hari icyizere cyo kweza imyaka kuko babonye imvura bitewe no kubungabunga amashyamba.Bugesera ni kamwe mu turere twigeze kugira ikibazo cy’izuba ryinshi ryakurikiwe n’amapfa mu 2000, ni ikibazo cyaterwaga nuko nta biti byinshi byaharangwaga.<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-uko-kubungabunga-amashyamba-byabaye-igisubizo-cyabahinzi/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/umutekano/imbere-mu-gihugu/article/bugesera-umukozi-ushinzwe-ubuhinzi-amashyamba-n-umutungo-kamere-yatawe-muri</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-yabonye-umufatanyabikorwa-mu-kugera-ku-ntego-yo-kongera-ubuso-buteyeho-ibiti/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220070501/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-yabonye-umufatanyabikorwa-mu-kugera-ku-ntego-yo-kongera-ubuso-buteyeho-ibiti/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Rwandan Amazing forest.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba mu bugesera|162x162px]] == Amashyamba == [[Dosiye:Spiny Forest Ifaty Madagascar.jpg|thumb|185x185px|ishyamba]] Ubuyobozi bwashyizeho uburyo butuma buri muturage wari uhatuye abasha gutera ibiti byakemuye iki kibazo. Bamwe mu baturage baganiriye na MUHAZIYACU bavuga ko nta wakwangiza amashyamba kuko akurura imvura, bakavuga ko ko kandi iyo umuntu akeneye [[igiti]] abanza kubisabira uruhushya mu nzego zibishinzwe. Nyiramana Immaculée utuye mu Kagari ka Gakomeye mu Murenge wa Mareba avuga ko babonye imvura ihagije bitewe nuko baturiye amashyamba akavuga ko ariyo yakuruye imvura babonye kugeza ubu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Ibiti byatewe == Mu Karere ka [[Bugesera Special Economic Zone|Bugesera]] mbere y’uko icyorezo cya Covid 19 cyaduka mu [[Rwanda]], hatewe amashyamba ku buso burenga hegitari 50 hagamijwe kubungabunga ibidukikije no kurwanya ubutayu. Mu biti byatewe icyo gihe harimo inturusu, sipure, imivumu, imiko, sederera,gereveriya,imisave, imirehe n’ibindi. [[U Rwanda]] rwari rwarihaye intego yo gutera amashyamba ku buso bungana na 30% by’igihugu cyose.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/bugesera-ubuyobozi-buvuga-ko-hari-ibigomba-kwitabwaho-bikibangamiye-umutekano</ref> == AMASHAKIRO == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyamba|Bugesera]] ruu1px44zwyil5sx9fricwtekebbqdg 0 13885 130186 114456 2026-04-05T05:32:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130186 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River Scene with Bugesera Marshes - Outside Kigali - Rwanda - 01 (7679548058).jpg|thumb|Amazi muri Kirehe|163x163px]] [[Dosiye:Icyuzi.jpg|thumb|icyuzi|178x178px]] [[Dosiye:ICYUZI.jpg|thumb|icyuzi muri kirehe|177x177px]] [[Dosiye:Water drop impact on a water-surface - (2).jpg|left|thumb|amazi meza|174x174px]] Mu gihe ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe by’umwihariko ku bikorwa by’ubuhinzi mu Karere ka Kirehe zirushaho kugira ubukana, imishinga mito ibyara inyungu yatangijwe ku bufatanye bwa [[Minisiteri y’ibidukikije, Amashyamba n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ( MoEFCC )|Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije]] n’izindi nzego iratanga icyizere cyo kugoboka abagenerwabikorwa.<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/kirehe-imishinga-igamije-guhangana-n-ingaruka-z-imihindagurikire-y-ibihe</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/Kirehe</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-ihere-amaso-uko-umujyi-wa-nyakarambi-uri-kurimbishwaamafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220073334/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-ihere-amaso-uko-umujyi-wa-nyakarambi-uri-kurimbishwaamafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-gahunda-yo-kugira-ibiti-bitatu-byimbuto-kuri-buri-rugo-igeze-kuri-75/</ref> == Ikibazo gihari == [[Dosiye:Department of Children Head Office Ghana.jpg|thumb|Akarere ka Kirehe|155x155px]] Imiterere y’[[Akarere ka Kirehe]] ituma katagusha [[imvura]] nyinshi ariko iyo iguye iteza isuri mu duce tumwe na tumwe twako ikangiza byinshi birimo n’ibihingwa.Magingo aya mu mirenge itandukanye bagushije imvura nke mu ntangiriro za Nzeri gusa, ku buryo imbuto bahinze zanze kumera izindi zibaburwa n’izuba. Si umwihariko waha gusa ahubwo ingaruka z’izuba ryinshi ziboneka hirya no hino muri Kirehe mu Karere katagira amashyamba ashobora gukurura ubuhehere. Aho bagerageje gutera ibiti ngo ntibimera n’ibihonotse ubushyuhe bwinshi biribwa n’umuswa nk’uko Ntakirutimana yakomeje abisobanura.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == '''Ibikorwa n'ingaruka z’imihindagurikire''' == Umushinga wo kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu kibaya cy’Ikiyaga cya Victoria (Adaptating to Climate Change in Lake Victoria Basin: ACC) ushyirwa mu bikorwa na Komisiyo y’Ikibaya cy’Ikiyaga cya Victoria (Lake Victoria Basin Commission: LVBC), ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, ibikorwa byawo biri mu Karere ka Kirehe mu mirenge ya Gatore, Musaza na Gahara. Washowemo ibihumbi 520 by’amadolari ya Amerika ni ukuvuga agera kuri miliyoni 520 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda nk’uko Umuhuzabikorwa wawo, Muhawenimana Seth yabisobanuye. Mu Murenge wa Gatore ingo 160 zasaniwe inzu zinahabwa ibigega bifata amazi y’ibisenge mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’isuri yatwaraga ubutaka akanangiza igishanga cya Kijumbura gihingwamo umuceri.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> [[Dosiye:Stock water (4677305871).jpg|thumb|Ibigega bya mazi|232x232px]] == Ibigega == Kuba abaturage barahawe ibigega bifata amazi byanakemuye ikibazo cy’ibura ryayo kuko yavaga kure bikagora imiryango kubona ayo ikoresha imirimo yo mu rugo n’igihe bakeneye kuhira amatungo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kirehe-ishyamba-rya-ibanda-makera-rigiye-kugirwa-icyanya-cy-ubukerarugendo</ref> == Ubuhinzi == Mu Murenge wa Musaza hatewe inkunga imishinga iciriritse ibyara inyungu irimo iy’ubuhinzi bw’urusenda, ubworozi bw’ingurube n’ihene, ubukorikori burimo ububoshyi n’ubudozi bw’imyenda no gutunganya umusatsi by’umwihariko ku bakoreraga ubuhinzi mu nkengero z’Umugezi w’Akagera bwangizaga amazi yawo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] cg3y9r3wz59ypjr2xpn8ijxgwpjqp2p 0 14137 130183 121542 2026-04-05T05:25:42Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Korpimäcki.JPG|thumb|300x300px| Ishyamba muri Dalarna]] [[Dosiye:Sapium insigne.jpg|thumb]] [[Suwede]] igiizwe n’ishyamba rya 69%. <ref name="scb"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="38">[http://www.scb.se/statistik/_publikationer/OV0904_2011A01_BR_04_A01BR1101.pdf "Statistisk årsbok för Sverige 2011"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Swedish). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="39">[[Statistics Sweden]]. p.&nbsp;42<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="41"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2011</span>.</span></cite></ref> Mu majyepfo ya Suwede, ibikorwa by’abantu byatangiye kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mashyamba yagutse hashize imyaka 2000, aho habonetse ibimenyetso bya mbere by’ubuhinzi bwagutse. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=284–295}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi buherutse gusobanura inzira ndende yo gutobora mu majyepfo ya Suwede guhera mu ntangiriro ya Holocene aho [[igiti]] ( ''Quercus'' spp.) Na alder ( ''Alnus'' spp.) Bisa naho byatangiye kugabanuka nko mu myaka 2000 ishize kubera igabanuka ry'ubushyuhe . <ref name="Lindbladh 686–696">{{Cite journal|pages=686–696}}</ref> Muri icyo gihe, ibimera bya [[Noruveje]] ( ''Picea abies'' ) byatangiye kwimuka biva mu majyaruguru, maze [[Uruyuki|inzuki]] zo mu Burayi ( ''Fagus sylvatica'' ) zimuka ziva mu majyepfo y’Uburayi. Nubwo, nkigisubizo cyambere cyo gucunga amashyamba hagati yikinyejana cya makumyabiri, ''P. abies'' na pinusi ya pinusi ( ''Pinus sylvestris'' ) bitwikiriye hafi 75% byamajyepfo ya Suwede ubwinshi bwibiti bihagaze. <ref name="Lindbladh 686–696" /> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=51–60}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Norra_Kvill_National_Park,_Sweden_(by_Pudelek).jpg|thumb|Norra Kvill National Park, Sweden (by Pudelek)]] == Ibikorwa bibyara inyungu bikomoka ku mashyamba == Ibiti biva mu ishyamba bimaze igihe kinini bikoreshwa mu majyepfo y’igihugu ndetse no mu bice by’ubuhinzi hakiri kare nk’isoko rya lisansi n’ibikoresho byo kubaka. Inkwi zari ingenzi mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bwa Suwede, kuko bwakoreshwaga mu gukora amakara mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro. Ibindi bicuruzwa by’amashyamba harimo ikibiti, ibiti, na potas, byakozwe mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga hagati. <ref name="AutoV7-5">{{Cite web |title=Boreal Forests of the World - SWEDEN - FORESTS AND FORESTRY |url=http://www.borealforest.org/world/world_sweden.htm |access-date=8 April 2017 |website=www.borealforest.org |archive-date=17 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717204157/http://www.borealforest.org/world/world_sweden.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Swedish_forest_(Unsplash).jpg|thumb|Swedish forest (Unsplash)]] Amashyamba yagutse muri Norrland guhera mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, kandi ibibanza byavanyweho byahindutse ikibanza cy'imirima mito n'inzuri. Gutema ibiti byinshi byatumye habaho inganda zikora inganda, zitanga ibiti byoherezwa mu mahanga. Uku kwaguka kwakomeje kugeza mu 1905. <ref name="AutoV7-5"/> [[Dosiye:Coniferous_forest_in_Sweden_near_the_Svartälven_river_03.jpg|thumb|Coniferous forest in Sweden near the Svartälven river 03]] == Urutonde rwamashyamba ya Suwede == [[Dosiye:Coniferous_forest_in_Sweden_near_the_Svartälven_river_09.jpg|thumb|Coniferous forest in Sweden near the Svartälven river 09]] * Kolmården * Tiveden * Tylöskog[[Dosiye:Forested_hills_in_Lysekil_in_fog_-_B&W.jpg|thumb|Forested hills in Lysekil in fog sweden ]] * Kilsbergen * Ishyamba rya Ed == Amashakiro == <div class="reflist"> <references responsive="1"> <ref name="scb"/> </references> * <span class="mw-linkback-text">↑ </span> <span rel="mw:referencedBy"><span class="mw-linkback-text">1 </span><span class="mw-linkback-text">2 </span></span> * <span rel="mw:referencedBy"><span class="mw-linkback-text">1 </span><span class="mw-linkback-text">2 </span></span> <span class="mw-linkback-text">↑ </span> * <span class="mw-linkback-text">↑ </span> <span rel="mw:referencedBy"><span class="mw-linkback-text">1 </span><span class="mw-linkback-text">2 </span></span> * <span rel="mw:referencedBy"><span class="mw-linkback-text">1 </span><span class="mw-linkback-text">2 </span></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ve-ce-branchNode ve-ce-internalItemNode"><span class="ve-ce-branchNode-slug ve-ce-branchNode-inlineSlug"></span><cite class="citation web cs1 ve-ce-leafNode ve-ce-focusableNode ve-ce-mwTransclusionNode">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190717204157/http://www.borealforest.org/world/world_sweden.htm "Boreal Forests of the World - SWEDEN - FORESTS AND FORESTRY"]. ''www.borealforest.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite><span class="ve-ce-branchNode-slug ve-ce-branchNode-inlineSlug"></span></span></span> </div> [[Ikiciro:Suwede]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyamba|Suwede]] 83ci977ykyd0qc7bvwcfl6omh3uxoui 0 14352 130185 126812 2026-04-05T05:32:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130185 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:3 species of passionfruit.jpg|thumb|Amatunda|277x277px]] [[Dosiye:Funchal Public Market - 13.jpg|thumb|amatunda|293x293px]] [[Dosiye:Passion fruit red2.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Passion-fruit-munhoven.JPG|thumb|Passion-fruit-munhoven]] [[Dosiye:"Passion fruit".jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Passion fruit 700.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Passiflora Edulis Open Fruit2.jpg|thumb]] == '''IRIBURIRO''' == [[Dosiye:Purple passionfruit.jpg|thumb|Amatunda]] [[Dosiye:Wrinkled brown passionfruit.jpg|left|thumb]] Amatunda cyangwa Marakuja ni [[igiti]] kirandaranda gifite inkomoko muri [[Burezile|Brezile]]. Muri rusange ni igihingwa kitarama, kibaho igihe gito (hagati y`imyaka 5-7). Ni igihingwa gikura vuba cyane kirandaranda cyihuta, gifite igiti gikomeye. [[Urubuto]] rw'itunda rugira ishusho y'uruziga cyangwa ishusho y'igi rukagira uburebure bugera kuri cm 10 n'uburemere bugera kuri  g 90. Imbere mu itunda habamo agahu gatwikiriye urusukume ruhumura neza rugizwe n`imbuto zijya z' umuhondo ujya gutukura zivanze n`umutobe zishobora kugera kuri 250, ziba ari nto, zikomeye, zisa n'ikigina cyijimye cyangwa zikaba umukara. Amatunda akungahaye kuri vitamini A na C, akize kandi ku munyu wa Potasiyumu, Karisiyumu, Ubutare n`izindi ntungamubiri. Amatunda kandi azwi cyane kubera akamaro afite mu buvuzi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/amatunda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226170024/https://umutihealth.com/amatunda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amatunda akunda ahantu hashyuha, ahari ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 20-30 ni ho heza ku matunda. Imvura ikenewe ku matunda ugereranyije yagombye kuba mm 1500 ku mwaka. Ubutumburuke amatunda akunda buratandukanye bitewe n`ubwoko bwayo : ubwoko bw'amatunda y'umuhondo bukunda ubutumburuke buri hagati ya m 0-800 mu gihe ubwoko busa n`idoma bugomba guhingwa ku butumburuke buri hagati ya m 1200-2000 hejuru y`inyanja.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226170026/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/passion_fruits/varieties</ref> [[Dosiye:Baishiangguo-1kg.JPG|thumb|amatunda atukura]] Amatunda akura neza ahantu hari ubutaka bw`urusenyi rwaba rudakabije cyangwa rukabije.  Igihe ubutaka buhingwamo amatunda ari ubw`ibumba, ni ngombwa kuyobora amazi  ariko iyo ari ubutaka bw`urusenyi cyane buba bukeneye ifumbire nyinshi. Amatunda akunda kandi ubutaka busharira ku rugero rwa 6.5-7.5. ariko iyo ubutaka bukabije gusharira ni ngombwa gushyiramo ishwagara.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubuhinzi/imishinga-yamatunda-yazamuye-imibereho/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226170023/https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubuhinzi/imishinga-yamatunda-yazamuye-imibereho/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Imbuto ziri imbere n`agahu k`imbere mu itunda ni byiza kubirya cyangwa gukuramo umutobe, n`ibindi biribwa biryohera bishobora gukorwamo mu nganda, nk`ibiribwa bibikwa mu dukopo, umutobe w`imbuto,  urusukume rusigwa ku migati, n`ibindi. Amatunda akoreshwa kandi mu buvuzi mu buryo bwo kuruhura imitsi. Mu birebana n`ubukungu, amatunda ni igihingwa kinjiriza abahinzi  amafaranga atubutse  kuko inganda z`imbere mu gihugu ziba ziteguye guhita ziyagura.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/uko-imbuto-zirimo-amatunda-zagiye-zinjira-mu-rwanda</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Abahinzi-bimbuto-muri-Nyagatare-bavuze-ko-bahangayikishijwe-nudusimba-tuzibasiye</ref> [[Dosiye:Passion fruits.jpg|thumb|Igiti cy'amatunda]] === '''AMOKO Y`AMATUNDA''' === Muri rusange hariho amoko abiri y`amatunda, ubwoko bugira ibara ry`idoma (''Passiflora edulis''), n`ubwoko bugira ibara ry`umuhondo (''Passiflora edulis flavocarpa)''. Ubwoko bw`amatunda y`umuhondo bushobora kwihanganira cyane indwara n`ibyonnyi. Naho ubwoko busa n`idoma buba bwiza cyane ku isoko kandi bukundwa na benshi kubera impumuro yabwo nziza.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/amatunda-ni-urubuto-rwiza-ku-murwayi-wa-diyabeti</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-wakwirinda-indwara-yubudomo-ya.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226170022/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-wakwirinda-indwara-yubudomo-ya.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/amafoto-y-umugore-wa-raila-odinga-ari-kwiba-amatunda-yateje-abanya-kenya</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] 5tadtrofb30xtarej0fkrj200vol3ms 0 14503 130192 91887 2026-04-05T09:59:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130192 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Butoyi Jean''' ni umunyarwanda w’umunyamakuru w’imikino ukorera  ikinyamakuru cy’igihugu cya RBA. Butoyi ni umuyobozi w’ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamakuru mu Rwanda (AJSPOR). Butoyi ni umunjyanama muri komite olepike mu Rwanda akaba n’umufana wa arsenal yo mu gihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]].<ref>http://isimbi.rw/siporo/abakinnyi-2-b-ibihe-byose-k-umunyamakuru-butoyi-jean-umukino-w-amateka-yogeje-wahuriranye-n-umunsi-yibarutse-imfura</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80608/jean-butoyi-yongeye-gutorerwa-kuyobora-ishyirahamwe-ry-abany-80608.html</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/uwari-uyoboye-amavubi-muri-cameroon-yahakanye-yivuye-inyuma-ibyo-gusuzugura</ref> === IGITEGO YOGEJE === Butoyi Jean yogeje imikino itandukanye yamakipe ndetse n’imikino y’ikipe y’igihugu amavubi, nk’igikombe cya CECAFA Kagame Cup [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] yakuye Zanzibar, umukino wajyanye Amavubi muri CAN 2004 ni we wogeje igitego cya Jimmy Gatete. Yogeje umukino wabaye tariki ya 6 Nyakanga 2003 wo u [[Rwanda]] rwatsinzemo [[Gana|Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://integonews.com/uwari-uhagarariye-abanyamakuru-mu-nteko-rusange-ya-komite-olympic-yaratutswe-ngo-ziba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301072911/https://integonews.com/uwari-uhagarariye-abanyamakuru-mu-nteko-rusange-ya-komite-olympic-yaratutswe-ngo-ziba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202105100104.html</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/Abanyamakuru-b-imikino-batangiye-imyitozo-ikaze-bitegura-Abarundi</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] dmz9r7rin8d9ojxod0khuhvfxbr6y86 0 15275 130190 93072 2026-04-05T09:31:14Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Fordjour''' (wavutse ku ya 26 Werurwe 1948) ni umukinnyi ukomoak muri Gana wiruka aharingani nko hagati . Yitabiriye metero 1500 mu bagabo mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1972 .<ref>https://www.milesplit.com/articles/329712/preliminary-start-lists-for-new-balance-nationals-indoor</ref><ref>https://www.milesplit.com/articles/329260/whos-entered-at-nbni-here-are-the-preliminary-lists</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/19/arts/design/derek-fordjour-self-must-die.html</ref><ref>https://www.christies.com/auction/post-war-and-contemporary-art-day-sale-20099-nyr</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/2021/03/14/977035882/2021-grammy-awards-the-full-list-of-winners</ref><ref>https://www.culturetype.com/2021/09/16/a-nexus-for-the-black-community-tone-memphis-is-presenting-on-the-road-chocolate-cities-group-exhibition-explores-space-place-and-belonging/</ref><ref>https://www.gram.edu/news/index.php/2022/03/23/scholastic-achievement-of-more-than-3k-students-to-be-recognized-at-honors-convocation-march-29/</ref><ref>https://oxfordamerican.org/magazine/issue-111-winter-2020</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nextgenxv.com/2022/02/28/premiership-rugby-u18-academy-league-finals-day-roundup-bristol-bears-claim-maiden-title/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-16 |archive-date=2023-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316085612/https://nextgenxv.com/2022/02/28/premiership-rugby-u18-academy-league-finals-day-roundup-bristol-bears-claim-maiden-title/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://nextgenxv.com/2022/02/25/premiership-rugby-u18-academy-league-finals-day-preview-team-news-and-fixture-details/</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana]] mfygyo6r6vq3l4e2sbubp70xp17wlq3 0 15278 130189 122569 2026-04-05T09:12:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130189 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beatrice Gyaman''' (wavutse ku ya 17 Gashyantare 1987) ni umukinnyi uvuka muri [[Gana]] wa kinaga amasiganwa ku maguru uzobereye mu gu siganwa ku maguru. Yatsindiye imidari mu kwiruka metero 4 × 100 muri Shampiyona eshatu nya furika, ndetse n'imikino ya bavuga [[icyongereza]] muri 2010 . <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202207280393.html</ref><ref>https://www.africanews.com/2016/07/16/ghana-releases-list-for-rio-2016/</ref> == Uburezi == Gyaman yize uburezi bwibanze muri kaminuza ya Cape Coast . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.athletics.africa/news/africa/ghana/gyaman-bissah-shine-at-2015-ghana-circuit-championships-in-sunyani-9882 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-16 |archive-date=2023-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316092228/https://www.athletics.africa/news/africa/ghana/gyaman-bissah-shine-at-2015-ghana-circuit-championships-in-sunyani-9882 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.africanews.com/2016/07/16/ghana-releases-list-for-rio-2016/</ref> == Amarushanwa == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !Umwaka !Amarushanwa !Umwaka !Umwanya !Uburebure !Iguhe |- |rowspan=6|2010 |rowspan=3|[[2010 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=3|[[Nairobi, Kenya]] |14th (sf) |100 m |[[2010 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|12.20]] |- |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |4 × 100 m relay |[[2010 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|45.40]] |- |11th |Long jump |[[2010 African Championships in Athletics – Women's long jump|5.09 m]] |- |rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] |rowspan=3|[[Delhi, India]] |20th (sf) |100 m |[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metres|11.93]] |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |4 × 100 m relay |[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|45.24]] |- |16th (q) |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's long jump|5.65 m]] |- |rowspan=2|2011 |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Maputo, Mozambique]] |12th (h) |100 m |[[Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games – Women's 100 metres|11.99]] |- |7th |200 m |[[Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games – Women's 200 metres|24.15]] |- |rowspan=2|2012 |rowspan=2|[[2012 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Porto Novo, Benin]] |10th (sf) |200 m |[[2012 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 200 metres|24.35]] |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |4 × 100 m relay |[[2012 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|44.35]] |- |rowspan=3|2014 |rowspan=2|[[2014 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Marrakech, Morocco]] |9th (sf) |100 m |[[2014 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|11.92]] |- |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |4 × 100 m relay |[[2014 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|44.06]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] |[[Glasgow, United Kingdom]] | – |4 × 100 m relay |[[Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|DQ]] |- |rowspan=5|2015 |rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2015 Summer Universiade|Universiade]] |rowspan=3|[[Gwangju, South Korea]] |18th (sf) |100 m |[[Athletics at the 2015 Summer Universiade – Women's 100 metres|11.81]] |- |18th (sf) |200 m |[[Athletics at the 2015 Summer Universiade – Women's 200 metres|24.52]] |- | – |4 × 100 m relay |[[Athletics at the 2015 Summer Universiade – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|DNF]] |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2015 African Games|African Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo]] |7th |100 m |[[Athletics at the 2015 African Games – Women's 100 metres|11.76]] |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |4 × 100 m relay |[[Athletics at the 2015 African Games – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|43.72]] |- |rowspan=3|2016 |rowspan=2|[[2016 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Durban, South Africa]] |13th (sf) |100 m |[[2016 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|11.84]] |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |4 × 100 m relay |[[2016 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|44.05]] |- |[[2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]] |14th (h) |4 × 100 m relay |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|43.37]] |} == Ibyiza bye bwite == '''Hanze''' * Metero 100 - 11,75 (+0.2&nbsp;m / s) (Gwangju 2015) * Metero 200 - 24.15 (+1.9&nbsp;m / s) ([[Maputo]] 2011) * Gusimbuka birebire - 5.65 (+1.2&nbsp;m / s) (New Delhi 2010) == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana]] g2r6smqqpxqu5gsortygil7r6x2v9rg 0 15843 130191 105888 2026-04-05T09:40:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bobosi Byaruhanga''' (wavutse ku ya 3 Ukuboza 2001) ni [[Umupira w’amaguru|umukinnyi w’umupira w'amaguru]] uvuka muri Uganda usanzwe ukina nku mukinnyi wo hagati mu ikipe ya Austin FC II yo muri Amerika, ku nguzanyo ya Vyškov . == Umwuga wa ikipe == Byaruhanga yatangiye umwuga we muri Vipers, agenda atera imbere muri iryo shuri, aza gutwara ibikombe bibiri bya shampiyona ndetse n’umukinnyi w’umwaka wa 2021 Airtel FUFA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nsubuga |first=Danito |date=20 June 2022 |title=Bobosi Byaruhanga braced for Vipers exit |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/bobosi-byaruhanga-braced-for-vipers-exit/ |access-date=23 February 2023 |website=swiftsportsug.com |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223220646/https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/bobosi-byaruhanga-braced-for-vipers-exit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri Kamena 2022, yari afite kuva muri iyo kipe, maze muri Kanama 2022, yimukira muri Repubulika ya Ceki, yinjira mu ikipe ya Vyškov yo mu gihugu cya Ceki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2022 |title=Bobosi Byaruhanga exits Vipers, joins European top side |url=https://sports-bee.com/2022/09/13/bobosi-byaruhanga-exits-vipers-joins-european-top-side/ |access-date=23 February 2023 |website=sports-bee.com}}</ref> Muri Mutarama 2023, yimukiye mu ikipe ya Amerika Austin FC II ku ntizanyo yi gihembwe, aho ashobora no kugurwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2023 |title=Austin FC II Announces First-Ever Player Signings |url=https://www.austinfc.com/news/austin-fc-ii-announces-first-ever-player-signings |access-date=23 February 2023 |website=austinfc.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shero |first=Kamardin |date=8 January 2023 |title=Bobosi Byaruhanga: Former Vipers midfielder completes move to USA |url=https://thetouchlinesports.com/bobosi-byaruhanga-former-vipers-midfielder-completes-move-to-usa/ |access-date=23 February 2023 |website=thetouchlinesports.com |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223220642/https://thetouchlinesports.com/bobosi-byaruhanga-former-vipers-midfielder-completes-move-to-usa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imibare yumwuga == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Ibigaragara n'intego by club, ibihe n'amarushanwa ! rowspan="2" | ikipe ! rowspan="2" | Igihe ! colspan="3" | Urutonde ! colspan="2" | Igikombe ! colspan="2" | Umugabane ! colspan="2" | Ibindi ! colspan="2" | Igiteranyo |- ! Igabana ! Porogaramu ! Intego ! Porogaramu ! Intego ! Porogaramu ! Intego ! Porogaramu ! Intego ! Porogaramu ! Intego |- | rowspan="3" | vipers | 2019–20 | rowspan="2" | shampiyona ya Uganda | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 0 | 0 | 14 | 1 |- | [[2020–21 Uganda Premier League|2020–21]] | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 0 | 0 | 12 | 2 |- ! colspan="2" | '''Igiteranyo''' ! 26 ! 3 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 26 ! 3 |- | Vyškov | 2022-23 | Fortuna národní liga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | Austin FC II (intizanyo) | 2023 | MLS Ibikurikira | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | '''Umwuga wose''' ! 26 ! 3 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 26 ! 3 |} === Mpuzamahanga === == Icyubahiro == '''Inzoka''' * Uganda Premier League : yabaye uwatwaye champiyona: 2022 * Igikombe cya Uganda : yabaye uwatwaye champiyona: 2021 '''Uganda yabatarengeje 20''' == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda]] 7rouqtkf01brwo73mh7bsc15b0eqxap 0 15852 130198 93943 2026-04-05T11:43:28Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130198 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Denis Iguma''' [[Umupira w’amaguru|ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru]] ukomoka muri[[Ubugande|Uganda]] usanzwe ukina nka myugariro wa KCCA FC hamwe [[Imisambi ya Uganda|n'ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ya Uganda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda |url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/african-tournaments/chan/team-profiles/2014/uganda.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222144719/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/african-tournaments/chan/team-profiles/2014/uganda.html |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=11 February 2014 |publisher=mtnfootball.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2020 |title=Denis Iguma is a Kasasiro Boy |url=https://kccafc.co.ug/denis-iguma-is-a-kasasiro-boy/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328140555/https://www.kccafc.co.ug/denis-iguma-is-a-kasasiro-boy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga mpuzamahanga == Yatangiye gukinira [[Imisambi ya Uganda|ikipe y'igihugu y'umupira w'amaguru ya Uganda]] ku ya 29 Werurwe 2012 ubwo bakinaga n'ikipe y'igihugu y'umupira w'amaguru ya Misiri . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Denis Iguma (Player) |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/47119/Denis_Iguma.html}}</ref> Muri Mutarama 2014, umutoza Milutin Sedrojevic, yamutumiriye kuba mu [[Imisambi ya Uganda|ikipe y’umupira wamaguru y’igihugu cya Uganda]] muri Shampiyona y’ibihugu bya Afurika muri 2014 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda Cranes Regroup For CHAN 2014 Preparations |url=http://www.kawowo.com/index.php/football/16844/16844.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140211135431/http://www.kawowo.com/index.php/football/16844/16844.html |archive-date=11 February 2014 |access-date=11 February 2014 |publisher=kawowo.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda makes changes in squad for 2014 Africa Nations Championship |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/sports/2014-01/05/c_133018954.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221213556/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/sports/2014-01/05/c_133018954.htm |archive-date=February 21, 2014 |access-date=11 February 2014 |publisher=xinhuanet.com}}</ref> Iyi kipe yegukanye umwanya wa gatatu mu marushanwa nyuma yo gutsinda [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]], inganya na [[Zimbabwe]] itsindwa na [[Maroke]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda's impressive CHAN start |url=http://espnfc.com/blog/_/name/footballafrica/id/1365?cc=3888 |access-date=11 February 2014 |publisher=espnfc.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe vs Uganda Preview |url=http://www.goal.com/en-za/match/125934/zimbabwe-vs-uganda/preview |access-date=11 February 2014 |publisher=goal.com/}}</ref> Muri 2017, yashyizwe mu [[Imisambi ya Uganda|bakinnyi 23]] bari kujya mu gikombe cy’ibihugu cya Afurika muri 2017 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2017 |title=Total Africa Cup of Nations 2017: Uganda Cranes 23 man squad to Gabon named |url=https://fufa.co.ug/total-africa-cup-nations-2017-uganda-cranes-23-man-squad-gabon-named/}}</ref> === Intego mpuzamahanga === {| class="wikitable" !Oya ! Itariki ! Ikibanza ! Murwanya ! Amanota ! Igisubizo ! Irushanwa |- | 1. | 13 Nyakanga 2013 | Sitade y'igihugu, Dar-es-Salaam, [[Tanzaniya]] |Tanzaniya | align="center" | '''1''' –0 | align="center" | 1–0 | Amajonjora yo guhatanira igikombe cya Afurika 2014 |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda]] 0tusig7lzsj6ls7qxc3kmi3b0jn03l6 0 17059 130176 100467 2026-04-05T05:15:34Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130176 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye''' ( '''free-trade agreement,''' '''FTA''' ) ni amasezerano akurikije amategeko mpuzamahanga yo gushyiraho [[Agace kahariwe bose k'ubucuruzi|agace k’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye]] hagati y’ibihugu bikoranaho. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bw'amasezerano y'ubucuruz i: ibihugu byombi n'ibihugu byinshi . Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi y’ibihugu byombi abaho mu gihe ibihugu byombi byemeye kugabanya imipaka y’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byombi , muri rusange kwagura amahirwe y’ubucuruzi. Amasezerano yu bucuruzi menshi ni amasezerano mu bihugu bitatu cyangwa byinshi, kandi biragoye cyane kumvikana no kubyemera. <ref>[https://www.edumaritime.net/icc-academy/free-trade-agreement-certificate-ftac-online Free Trade Agreement, ICC Academy]</ref> FTAs, uburyo bw’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi, igena amahoro ibihugu bishyiraho ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga hagamijwe kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi, bityo bigashishikariza ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga . <ref name="The Balance">{{Cite web |title=3 Types of Free Trade Agreements and How They Work |url=https://www.thebalance.com/free-trade-agreement-types-and-examples-3305897 |access-date=2019-03-24 |website=The Balance |archive-date=2017-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131030921/https://www.thebalance.com/free-trade-agreement-types-and-examples-3305897 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amasezerano nk'aya ubusanzwe "yibanze ku gice giteganya uburyo bwo gutanga imisoro ku nyungu, ariko kandi akenshi zirimo ingingo zorohereza ubucuruzi no gushyiraho amategeko mu bice nk'ishoramari , umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge, amasoko ya leta, amahame ya tekiniki n'ibibazo by'isuku na phytosanitarite . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules of origin under free-trade agreements |url=https://trade.ec.europa.eu/tradehelp/free-trade-agreements |website=EC Trade Helpdesk |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-date=2018-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507101515/https://trade.ec.europa.eu/tradehelp/free-trade-agreements |url-status=dead }}</ref> Itandukaniro ryingenzi rirahari hagati y’amashyirahamwe ya gasutamo n’ahantu h’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye . Ubwoko bwombi bwubucuruzi bufite gahunda zimbere amashyaka asoza kugirango abone ubwisanzure no koroshya ubucuruzi hagati yabo. Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’amashyirahamwe ya gasutamo n’akarere k’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye ni uburyo bwabo ku [[wiktionary:third party|bandi bantu]] . Mu gihe ihuriro rya gasutamo risaba impande zose gushyiraho no gukomeza imisoro imwe yo hanze ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi , impande z’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye ntizisabwa. Ahubwo, barashobora gushiraho no kubungabunga uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwamahoro bukoreshwa mubitumizwa mumashyaka atabishaka nkuko babibona . Mu karere k'ubucuruzi bwisanzuye nta guhuza ibiciro byo hanze, kugira ngo bikureho ingaruka zo gutandukana kw’ubucuruzi, amashyaka azashyiraho uburyo bw’amategeko agenga inkomoko . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules of Origin Facilitator |url=http://findrulesoforigin.org/glossary/glossary_roo |website=ITC |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-date=2019-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623041241/http://findrulesoforigin.org/Glossary/Glossary_Roo |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amasezerano rusange yerekeye amahoro nubucuruzi ( GATT 1994 ) yabanje gusobanura amasezerano yubucuruzi bwisanzuye akubiyemo ubucuruzi bwibicuruzwa gusa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The basic rules for goods |url=https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/regatt_e.htm |website=WTO}}</ref> Amasezerano afite intego imwe, ni ukuvuga guteza imbere ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi muri serivisi, yiswe ingingo ya V y’amasezerano rusange yerekeye ubucuruzi muri serivisi ( GATS ) nk'amasezerano yo guhuza ubukungu <ref> {{Cite web |title=General Agreement on Trade in Services |url=https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/26-gats_01_e.htm#articleV |website=WTO}} </ref> Ariko, mubikorwa, iryo jambo ubu rikoreshwa cyane mubumenyi bwa politiki, diplomasi nubukungu kugirango ryerekane amasezerano atareba ibicuruzwa gusa ahubwo na serivisi ndetse nishoramari . Ibidukikije nabyo bimaze kumenyekana cyane mumasezerano mpuzamahanga yishoramari, nka FTAs. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=102}}</ref> ''':  104 ''' == Reba kandi == == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicSearchByMemberResult.aspx?MemberCode=918&lang=1&redirect=1 Sisitemu yamakuru ya WTO] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190605163211/https://www.macmap.org/Default.aspx Ikarita yo kugera ku isoko rya ITC] Archived * [http://findrulesoforigin.org/ ITC Amategeko yo Korohereza Inkomoko] * [https://wits.worldbank.org/gptad.html Ububiko bwa Banki y'Isi Ubucuruzi Bwuzuye Ubucuruzi] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201203192754/http://www2.aladi.org/sitioAladi/index.html Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryunze ubumwe] Archived * [http://www.bilaterals.org/ Byombi] * [https://aric.adb.org/fta-country Ikigo cyo muri Aziya cyo Kwishyira hamwe] * [http://www.sice.oas.org/ Ibihugu byo muri Amerika Sisitemu yubucuruzi bwo hanze] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] 0vc1f7nk49t99byp5e55rleo085s4jm 0 17640 130199 123633 2026-04-05T11:52:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130199 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Disability Information Scotland''' itanga amakuru yizewe, yukuri kandi yoroshye kubantu bafite ubumuga muri Scotland. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://disabilityequality.scot/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-19 |archive-date=2024-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119154712/https://disabilityequality.scot/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://enquire.org.uk/service/update-scotlands-national-disability-information-service/</ref> == Amateka == Batangiye gukora kuva mu 1999 bunganira abafite [[ubumuga]], imiryango yabo, abarezi ndetse n’abo bakorana nabo kugira ngo babone amakuru yizewe, atabogamye, yuzuye kandi afasha ku ngingo na serivisi bibareba. '''Disability Information Scotland''' ifasha kuyobora abantu binyuze mumakuru itanga k'ubumuga ikoresheje:Telefone, serivisi na imeri, urubuga rwabo, urubuga rwa Scottish hamwe n'urutonde rw'amakuru ayobora n'ibindi bikoresho. == Icyerekezo == Guhana amakuru no guharanira impinduka nziza. <ref>https://www.alliance-scotland.org.uk/blog/our_members/disability-information-scotland/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parentingacrossscotland.org/info-for-families/resources/disability-information-scotland/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-19 |archive-date=2024-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119154711/https://www.parentingacrossscotland.org/info-for-families/resources/disability-information-scotland/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.beithhealthcentre.co.uk/managing-your-health/disability/disability-information-scotland/</ref> '''Disability Information Scotland''' itanga impinduka nziza mugusangira amakuru k'ubumuga mugihe abantu babikeneye, muburyo babishaka. == Inshingano == Batanga amakuru yizewe, yukuri kandi yoroshye muri Scotland yose. batezimbere ubufatanye bushya hamwe nizindi nzego kugirango amakuru akwirakwizwe henshi, agere kuri bose kandi bigira ingaruka nziza mubuzima bwabafite ubumuga, imiryango yabo, inshuti nabarezi ndetse nabantu bakorana nabo. Bakorana n'abantu kugirango tumenye amakuru bakeneye nuburyo bifuza ko yatanzwe. == Indangagaciro == Indangagaciro zabo zitera kandi zikamenyesha ibyo bakora byose:<ref>https://www.disabilityscot.org.uk/about-us/</ref> * Kwitaku bantu. * Guharanira gutanga serivisi nziza, idoda, ishingiye kumuntu. * Gufata inzira nziza mubikorwa byacu byose. * Biyandikishije muburyo bwimibereho y'abafite ubumuga. * Turafunguye, kandi dushishikarize kandi dushyigikire, ibitekerezo bishya kandi bishimishije n'inzira zo gukora. * Kwizera akamaro ko kubaka umubano usobanutse n'abantu bose. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] h1jh4hic6ri610i6dip9fg59js7e48h 0 17724 130195 124356 2026-04-05T10:49:13Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130195 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Autism-Neurodiversity-or-Mental-health-symbol.svg|thumb|Ikirango cy'ubumuga bwo mu mutwe]] [[Dosiye:GasaboDist.png|thumb|Aho icyicaro cya CollectifTUBAKUNDE giherereye]] Collectif Tubakunde ni ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe yu Rwanda aharanira uburenganzira bw’abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Icyicaro cyayo cyashinzwe i Kacyiru mu Karere ka Gasabo mu Mujyi wa Kigali. <ref name=":0">https://fr.igihe.com/le-collectif-tubakunde-plaide-pour-les-deficients.html</ref>Amashyirahamwe y’abanyamuryango akorera mu turere 23 muri 30 tw’igihugu. Iri huriro rigizwe n’imiryango 26 ryashinzwe ku ya 20 Ukuboza 2005 kugira ngo rigire uruhare mu kurandura ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abana n’urubyiruko bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.<ref name=":1">https://www.devex.com/organizations/collectif-tubakunde-195934</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://collectiftubakunde.rw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2024-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424100633/https://www.collectiftubakunde.rw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibikorwa byo kunganira uru rubyiruko rufite ubumuga bishyigikirwa na Minisiteri y’imiyoborere y’u Rwanda. ILe Collective iratabara uyu munsi hafi 3.000 muri bo, nk'uko Léoncie Mukamwezi abitangaza,<ref name=":0" /> Uruhare rwa Collectif Tubakunde rujyanye n’ibikenewe n’abafite ubumuga, hamwe n’intego zirambye z’iterambere ndetse n’ingamba z’igihugu zo guhindura ibintu.<ref name=":1" /> == Inshamake == Collectif Tubakunde yunganira abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe kandi yibanda ku kuzamura ibipimo by’uburezi bwihariye no kwita ku buzima bw’abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Hariho amashuri 38 n’ibigo by’abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe mu turere 24 bagize Collectif Tubakunde. Bakoresha kimwe mubigo byabo kugirango bagaragaze imikorere myiza izakoreshwa nkigikoresho cyo kunganira. Collectif Tubakunde kandi yunganira ikibazo cyo gusuzuma neza kandi kuri ubu aratanga ibitekerezo mugutegura integanyanyigisho zidasanzwe. Binyuze mu kongera ubushobozi nibikorwa bibyara inyungu, Collectif Tubakunde ifasha amatsinda y'ababyeyi gushinga amakoperative aha ababyeyi ubumenyi nijwi rusange ryo kunganira mu izina ryabana babo. Uyu muryango uhagarariwe mu itsinda rya minisitiri hamwe na VSO, HI, UNICEF na ADRA ku burezi bwuzuye bwashyizweho na Minisiteri y'Uburezi (MINEDUC). Intego nyamukuru yibikorwa byabakozi ni imbogamizi mu guhugura abarimu mu burezi bwuzuye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nudor.org/?page_id=81 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2024-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124061849/https://www.nudor.org/?page_id=81 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inshingano == * Guharanira guteza imbere imibereho-y’ubukungu ihuriweho n’ubumuga bw’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe n’ibibazo by’iterambere ry’iterambere rya politiki, amategeko, ndetse n’inzego.<ref name=":1" /> * Kubaka ubushobozi bwimiryango yabanyamuryango kugirango iterambere rirambye ryabantu == Ishakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ihuriro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] [[Ikiciro:Isi]] 8prra8xdpddu8lsrv3xver4lfzj8zak 0 17877 130196 103080 2026-04-05T11:00:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Curex''' ni isosiyete y'Abanyamerika [[:en:Telehealth|ya telehealth]] izobereye mu [[:en:Immunology|gukingira indwara]], cyane cyane gusuzuma no kuvura [[:en:Allergy|allergie]], harimo kwandika no gutanga immunotherapie ya allergie. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Our Editors Tried Picnic, Curex, & Roman. Here's What They Found - Topdust |url=https://www.topdust.com/picnic-review-2654682602.html |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.topdust.com |language=en}}</ref> Isosiyete yashinzwe na Gene Kakaulin na Charles Jacoby mu 2020 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Undark |date=2023-08-09 |title=Virtual Clinics Embrace Allergy Drops as an Alternative to Shots |url=https://undark.org/2023/08/09/virtual-allergy-clinics-embrace-drops-over-shots/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Undark Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> ikaba ifite icyicaro mu mujyi [[Amerika|wa New York]] . <ref>https://goodmenproject.com/health/men-no-longer-need-to-suffer-from-allergies-curex-review/</ref> Curex itanga urubuga rusanzwe ruhuza abarwayi n'abaganga kugirango bita allergie. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Strong |first=Rebecca |title=How Curex's at-home allergy testing and immunotherapy treatment could help you manage environmental allergies |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/treatments/at-home-allergy-testing |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Larsen |first=Rebecca |date=2023-12-08 |title=Is allergy immunotherapy the best way to treat cedar and other allergies? Curex has the answer |url=https://azbigmedia.com/lifestyle/is-allergy-immunotherapy-the-best-way-to-treat-cedar-and-other-allergies-curex-has-the-answer/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=AZ Big Media |language=en-US}}</ref> == Incamake == Igitekerezo cya Curex cyashinzwe mu 2020 na Gene Kakaulin na Charles Jacoby, cyatewe nubunararibonye n’abashinze [[:en:Allergy_shots|amashoti ya allergie]] na allergie. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Undark |date=2023-08-09 |title=Virtual Clinics Embrace Allergy Drops as an Alternative to Shots |url=https://undark.org/2023/08/09/virtual-allergy-clinics-embrace-drops-over-shots/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Undark Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-13 |title=Curex: Crafting the Future of Allergy Relief in 2023 |url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/marketplace/curex-crafting-the-future-of-allergy-relief-in-2023/article_c28fd940-69f3-11ee-bde2-777300d6bfe0.html |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=San Francisco Examiner |language=en}}</ref> Ubunararibonye bwabo butuma bashiraho Curex, urubuga rwa telemedisine rwagenewe kwita kuri allergie. <ref name=":02" /> Ibikorwa bya Curex bikubiyemo umuyoboro mugihugu hose wabaganga ba allergie nabaforomo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Are allergy shots worth it? A review of Curex's Efforts to Lower Costs |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122172625/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Oe-yIknmE5kJ:https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/are-allergy-shots-worth-it-a-review-of-curexs-efforts-to-lower-costs/ar-AA1ju7D4&hl=en&gl=us |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=MSN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-05 |title=How Telehealth Is Making Allergy Immunotherapy More Accessible: Insights from Curex |url=https://techduffer.com/how-telehealth-is-making-allergy-immunotherapy-more-accessible-insights-from-curex/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126103221/https://techduffer.com/how-telehealth-is-making-allergy-immunotherapy-more-accessible-insights-from-curex/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Curex ikubiyemo kandi serivisi ya farumasi itumiza imeri itanga allergie immunotherapie hamwe nindi miti yandikiwe murugo rwabarwayi. <ref name=":03">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Undark |date=2023-08-09 |title=Virtual Clinics Embrace Allergy Drops as an Alternative to Shots |url=https://undark.org/2023/08/09/virtual-allergy-clinics-embrace-drops-over-shots/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Undark Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Isosiyete yibanze cyane ni kuvura [[:en:Environmental_allergies|allergie isanzwe y’ibidukikije]], harimo ibiti, ibyatsi, na allergie y’ibyatsi; imbwa, injangwe, nizindi allergie; na allergie yo murugo nkiziterwa na mite na mite. <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Strong |first=Rebecca |title=How Curex's at-home allergy testing and immunotherapy treatment could help you manage environmental allergies |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/treatments/at-home-allergy-testing |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Can At-Home Sublingual Allergy Immunotherapy Provide Better Outcomes Than Allergy Shots? Curex Shares Data |url=https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/46870/20231102/can-at-home-sublingual-allergy-immunotherapy-provide-better-outcomes-than-allergy-shots-curex-shares-data.htm}}</ref> Curex kandi ivura abarwayi bafite asima na [[:en:Atopic_dermatitis|dermatite ya atopic]] ( [[:en:Eczema|eczema]] ), ibintu bibiri bijyanye na allergie. <ref name=":22" /> Curex itanga serivisi zo gusuzuma allergie kandi yorohereza gupima allergie [[:en:Immunoglobulin_E|ya IgE]] hamwe na ImmunoCAP, tekinoroji ya FDA, isaba gukuramo amaraso murugo na phlebotomiste cyangwa muri laboratoire. Byongeye kandi, Curex itanga igipimo cyamaraso IgE ukoresheje wenyine, ibikoresho byemewe bya CLIA. <ref name=":23">{{Cite web |last=Strong |first=Rebecca |title=How Curex's at-home allergy testing and immunotherapy treatment could help you manage environmental allergies |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/treatments/at-home-allergy-testing |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-23 |title=What to Know Before You Sign Up to Get Cheap, Easy Meds Online |url=https://www.menshealth.com/health/a39327313/online-allergy-acne-hair-loss-depression-medicine/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Men's Health |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-21 |title=Can Immunotherapy Eliminate Your Allergies? We Asked The Experts |url=https://www.mindbodygreen.com/articles/can-immunotherapy-eliminate-your-allergies-we-asked-the-experts |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=mindbodygreen |language=en}}</ref> Curex yashyizeho amasezerano nabatanga ubwishingizi bukomeye nka [[:en:Aetna|Aetna]], [[:en:Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield_Association|Blue Cross Blue Shield]], Anthem, United, na [[:en:Humana|Humana]] . <ref name=":24">{{Cite web |last=Strong |first=Rebecca |title=How Curex's at-home allergy testing and immunotherapy treatment could help you manage environmental allergies |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/treatments/at-home-allergy-testing |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Chet Tharpe akora nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe ubuvuzi muri sosiyete. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-30 |title=If You Notice This After Taking Benadryl, Call Your Doctor |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/notice-taking-benadryl-call-doctor-123300945.html |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Yahoo |archive-date=2021-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930182347/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/notice-taking-benadryl-call-doctor-123300945.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] 3mkivodbkh6iv08mtsdsfqq86g1viem 0 19241 130171 117430 2026-04-05T05:04:35Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130171 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amabuye y’agaciro muri Rwamagana''' ni ahantu abantu bari bo mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y’Iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]], aho ussanga rimwe narimwe bafatae na Polisi y’u [[Rwanda]] bari mu kirombe cya Musha mu bikorwa binyuranyije n’amategeko birimo gucukura, kugura no kugurisha amabuye y’agaciro batabifitiye uruhushya . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-bane-bafatiwe-mu-bucukuzi-bwamabuye-yagaciro-bwa-magendu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-23 |archive-date=2024-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402023338/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-bane-bafatiwe-mu-bucukuzi-bwamabuye-yagaciro-bwa-magendu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amabuye y'agaciro == Amabuye y'agaciro muri Rwamagana rimwe narimwe hazamo ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bunyuranyije n’amategeko n’ibindi byaha bibushamikiyeho birimo kuyagura no kuyacuruza nta ruhushya, magendu n’ubugizi bwa nabi buterwa n’abishora muri ibyo bikorwa, mu Karere ka Rwamagana mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba , Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro butemewe bukorwa n’abantu binjira mu birombe akenshi bitwikiriye ijoro , Nta munsi tutibutsa abantu bakora ubu bucukuzi batabifitiye uruhushya ko bakwiye kubicikaho kuko uretse no kuba bihanwa n’amategeko bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] b5xpggnqc4h5ys14ofxupdtm2ivyzy4 0 20576 130165 130134 2026-04-04T16:30:08Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 130165 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Sira''''' ni filime yikinamico yakozwe muri 2023 yanditswe kandi iyoborwa na Apolline Traoré ikinwamo na Nafissatou Cissé, Mike Danon, Lazare Minoungou, Nathalie Vairac na Ruth Werner. Iyifilime yerekana inkuru yumusore winzererezi witwa Sira, nyuma yigitero simusiga yanze kumanika atarwanye ahubwo agahagurukira kurwanya iterabwoba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Traoré |first=Apolline |date=18 January 2023 |title=Sira |url=https://cineuropa.org/film/438366/ |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=Cineuropa |language=en}}</ref> Nubufatanye hagati ya Burkina Faso, Senegali, Ubufaransa n'Ubudage. Yabaye iyambere kwisi ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2023 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya 73 rya [[Berlin]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abbatescianni |first=Davide |date=18 January 2023 |title=The Berlinale adds new titles to Berlinale Special and rounds off its Berlinale Series, Panorama and Generation line-ups |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/436996 |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=Cineuropa |language=en |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210080149/https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/436996/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ahoyatsindiye igihembo cya Panorama Audience Award kubera Filime nziza. <ref name="paa:berlinale">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2023 |title=The Panorama Audience Awards Go to Sira by Apolline Traoré and Kokomo City by D. Smith |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/news-press-releases/239395.html |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=Berlinale}}</ref> Yatoranijwe nkuwinjira muriBurkinabé mubyiciro byiza bya Filime mpuzamahanga byerekana ibihembo bya 96 bya Academy . Burkina <ref name="el:variety">{{Cite news |last=Clayton Davis |date=December 7, 2023 |title=Academy Announces 288 Eligible Titles for Animated, Documentary and International Feature Oscar Races |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/awards/oscars-eligibility-animated-documentary-international-feature-2023-1235827670/ |access-date=December 7, 2023 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}</ref> filime ku <ref name="24:lead">{{Cite web |last=Prisca F. Konkobo |date=15 September 2023 |title=Cinéma : le film « Sira » de Apolline Traoré représentera le Burkina Faso aux Oscars |trans-title=Cinema: the film “Sira” by Apolline Traoré will represent Burkina Faso at the Oscars |url=https://www.24heures.bf/cinema-le-film-sira-de-apolline-traore-representera-le-burkina-faso-aux-oscars/ |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=24heures |language=fr |archive-date=18 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018055249/https://www.24heures.bf/cinema-le-film-sira-de-apolline-traore-representera-le-burkina-faso-aux-oscars/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> mbere kuva mu 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2023 |title=96th Oscars Shortlists Announced for 10 Categories |url=https://aframe.oscars.org/news/post/96th-oscars-shortlists |access-date=22 December 2023 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |language=en}}</ref> == Inyandiko == Filime yashyizwe muri Sahel ivuga amateka yumukobwa ukirimuto wa Fulani, Sira, wagiye guhura numukwe we, Jean-Sidi. Mu buryo butunguranye, wenumuryango we batewe niterabwoba. Abagabo bose bararashwe maze umuyobozi wagatsiko, Yéré, afata Sira aramusambanya. Asigaye apfira mubutayu, Sira yisanga wenyine maze ahungira mubuvumo ubwo yambaraga gahunda yo kubaho. == Abakinnyi == [[Dosiye:Sira_Berlinale_2023_03.jpg|thumb|Abakinnyi n'abakozi ba ''Sira'' kuri Berlinale]] * Nafissatou Cissé nka Sira * Mike Danon nka Moustapha * Lazare Minoungou nka Yere * Nathalie Vairac nka Aissatou * Ruth Werner nka Kemi * Abdramane Barry nka Jean Sidi * Ildevert Meda nka Karim * Oumou Ba nka Djamila * Seydou Diallo nka Tidiane * Moïse Tiemtore nka Faysal == Ukoyakozwe == Iyifilime yahawe inkunga nikigega cyisi cya Sinema (WCF Africa Programme) yamayero 39.000 mu Gushyingo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2023 |title=Sira, Spielfilm 2021-2023 |trans-title=Sira, Feature Film 2021-2023 |url=https://www.crew-united.com/de/Sira__293444.html |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=Crew United |language=de}}</ref> Umukinnyi wambere, Nafissatou Cissé yatoranijwe mubakobwa barenga 1.000, bagenzuwe. Yafatiwe amashusho yose muri [[Moritaniya|Mauritania]], Amajyaruguru yuburengerazuba bwa Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vena |first=Teresa |date=25 February 2023 |title=Apolline Traoré • Director of Sira |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/interview/439247/ |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=Cineuropa |language=en}}</ref> == Kurekura == ''Sira'' yagaragaye bwa mbere kuya 21 Gashyantare 2023, murwego rwo kwerekana iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya 73 rya Berlin, muri Panorama. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=18 January 2023 |title='The Siren' to Open Berlinale's Panorama Strand, Jafar Panahi, Joan Baez, Fan Bingbing, George MacKay Feature in Selections |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/jafar-panahi-joan-baez-fan-bingbing-berlin-panorama-1235492962/ |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> yatumiwe mwi iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican 2023 rya [[Wagadugu|Ouagadougou]], mumarushanwa yabaye kuva kuya 25 Gashyantare 2023 kugeza kuya 4 Werurwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Beti Ellerson |date=28 January 2023 |title=African Women in Cinema : Apolline Traoré: Sira - Berlinale et Fespaco - 2023 |url=https://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2023/01/apolline-traore-sira.html |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=African Women in Cinema |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2023 |title=Durban International Film Festival 2023 Announces Opening And Closing Films |url=https://ccadiff.ukzn.ac.za/durban-international-film-festival-2023-announces-opening-and-closing-films/ |access-date=29 October 2023 |website=Durban International Film Festival |language=en}}</ref> mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya 44 rya Durban <ref name="acc:pib">{{Cite news |date=6 November 2023 |title=54th International Film Festival of India to be held from 20th to 28th November in Goa |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1975005 |access-date=14 November 2023 |publisher=PIB |via=press release}}</ref> 20 Nyakanga <ref name="prog:sbiff">{{Cite news |date=January 17, 2024 |title=2024 Program Announcement |url=https://sbiff.org/2024-program-announcement/ |access-date=January 17, 2024 |publisher=SBIFF |language=en}}</ref> Kuya 14 Gashyantare 2023, havuzwe ko sosiyete yokugurisha ikorera mumujyi wa Paris Wide yabonye uburenganzira kwisi yose. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leffler |first=Rebecca |date=14 February 2023 |title=Wide acquires Apolline Traoré's Berlinale Panorama feature 'Sira' (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/wide-acquires-apolline-traores-berlinale-panorama-feature-sira-exclusive/5179083.article |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref> Izitabira amarushanwa mpuzamahanga mwi iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya 39 Mons ryabaye kuva kuya 8 kugeza kuya 16 Werurwe 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Engelen |first=Aurore |date=11 March 2024 |title=The curtain rises on the 39th Mons Love International Film Festival |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/458282 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=[[Cineuropa]] |language=en}}</ref> == Kwakira == Vladan Petkovic asubiramo Cineuropa yashimye Nafissatou Cissé yanditse ati: "Cissé ni wefata abitabiriye igitaramo cyecyose, bigatuma iyi filime ibambi cyane kuruta uburyo bwo kwihorera kugahato." Petkovic yashimye umuyobozi Apolline Traoré hamwe numukinnyi womuri sinema Nicolas Berteyac "koreografiya igoye yabantu benshi, [[inyamaswa]] nimodoka zigaragaza amashusho menshi". Yashimye umwanditsi Sylvie Gadmer, we yagize ati: "ubahuza ubushishozi [amafuti] n’abakunzi ba hafi," ndetse n’umuhimbyi Cyril Morin, kubera "amanota yatanzwe neza". Kuri iyifilime Petkovic yagize ati: "Traoré yateguye inkuru mu buryo bwubwenge kandi bw'inyangamugayo", yashyizwe ahantu nyaburanga "hamwe numugore womuri Afurika w'umunyarugomo nkintwari irwanya ibibazo byose". Yongeyeho, ibyo byose bituma iba "filime idasanzwe yo muri Afurika yorohereza abayireba kurwego mpuzamahanga." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Petkovic |first=Vladan |date=27 February 2023 |title=Review: Sira |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/439269/ |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=Cineuropa |language=en}}</ref> == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Igihembo ! Itariki ! Icyiciro ! Uwakiriye ! Igisubizo ! Ref. |- ! scope="row" | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Berlin | 25 Gashyantare 2023 | Panorama Abumva Igihembo cya Filime nziza | rowspan="5" | ''Sira''| {{Won}} | rowspan="1" align="center" | <ref name="paa:berlinale"/> |- ! scope="row" | Amnesty International Film Awards | 25 Gashyantare 2023 | Igihembo cya Amnesty ya Berlinale| {{Nom}} | rowspan="1" align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2023 |title=20 Berlinale-Filme Für Den Amnesty-Filmpreis 2023 Nominiert |trans-title=20 Berlinale Films Nominated for the Amnesty Film Awards 2023 |url=https://www.amnesty.de/informieren/aktuell/berlinale-filme-nominiert-amnesty-filmpreis-2023 |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=Amnesty International |language=de}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | FESPACO | 28 FESPACO (2023) | Étalon d'argent de Yennenga| {{Won}} | rowspan="1" align="center" | <ref name="24:lead"/> |- ! scope="row" | Sinema Yisi Amsterdam | 28 Kanama 2023 | Igihembo cya Sinema ku Isi 2023| {{Won}} | rowspan="1" align="center" | <ref name="24:lead" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Deen |first=Rolf |date=28 August 2023 |title=World Cinema Exchange Award 2023 |url=https://www.inter-film.org/artikel/world-cinema-exchange-award-2023/11894 |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=Inter–film |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2023 |title=Feestelijke afsluiting van 13e editie van World Cinema Amsterdam |trans-title=Festive closing of the 13th edition of World Cinema Amsterdam |url=https://worldcinemaamsterdam.nl/nl/nieuws/249/feestelijke-afsluiting-van-13e-editie-van-world-cinema-amsterdam |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=World Cinema Amsterdam |language=nl}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime mu Buhinde | 28 Ugushyingo 2023 | IFFI ICFT UNESCO Umudari wa Gandhi| {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="acc:pib"/> |- |} == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwabashyikirijwe ibihembo bya 96 bya Academy ya Filime Nziza Mpuzamahanga * Urutonde rwatanzwe na Burkinabé kubihembo bya Academy ya Filime mpuzamahanga nziza == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Sira at IMDb  * [https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202304143.html ''Sira''] at Berlinale * [https://www.crew-united.com/de/Sira__293444.html ''Sira''] at Crew United d8tv7vpfhz6m3i67q6l9xm74l4bppbm 0 21781 130197 128667 2026-04-05T11:31:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130197 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Danielita Favour Nambatya''' (wavutse kuya 14 Ugushyingo 2000) ni [[Umupira w’amaguru|umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru]] w'abagore womuri Uganda, akabakina nk'umukinnyi wa mbere mu ikipe [[Rwanda Women's Football League|y'umupira w'amaguru y'abagore yomu Rwanda]] [[Apaer women's Football Club|yitwa Apaer Women's Football Club]] ndetse n'ikipe y'igihugu y'abagore yo muri Uganda . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-25 |title=Nambatya joins Rwanda’s Apaer Women's Football Club |url=https://sports.mtn.co.ug/2023/01/25/nambatya-joins-rwandas-apaer-womens-football-club/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=MTN Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-26 |title=Transfers: Favour joins Rwanda top flight side {{!}} The Touchline Sports |url=https://thetouchlinesports.com/transfers-favour-joins-rwanda-top-flight-side/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619144315/https://thetouchlinesports.com/transfers-favour-joins-rwanda-top-flight-side/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2023-01-25 |title=Forward Nambatya joins top-flight club in Rwanda |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/01/25/forward-nambatya-joins-topflight-club-in-rwanda/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwa mbere == Yavukiye mu bitaro bya Mulago, Kampala, avukana na Peruth Onuonga, akaba n'umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru wahoze arimu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru Mathias Ssonko. Mushiki we Precious Najjemba nawe yigeze kuba umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru muri Kaminuza ya Mutesa I Royal mumuryango w'abantu 6. <ref name=":3"/> Nambatya yatangiye gukina umupira w'amaguru afite imyaka irindwi ubwo yigaga mumwaka wa gatatu w'amashuri abanza muri By Pass Standard Academy i Kyebando, nyuma ajya mw' ishuri ribanza rya Old Mulago. <ref name=":3"/> Muminsi ya mbere yatojwe muri All Stars Sports Academy iyobowe n'umutoza Muyitale, maze agaragara mw' ishuri ribanza rya Old Mulago kurwego rw'amashuri abanza. <ref name=":3" /> Nambatya yahoze ari umukinnyi mu ishuri rikuru rya Masaka ryahoze ari Agha Khan, aho yize kugeza mumwaka wa gatatu w'amashuri abanza hamwe n'umutoza Jimmy Kisekka, nyuma yinjiye muri ST Mary's Kitende mumwaka wa kane w'amashuri abanza na Kawempe Muslim SS mu cyiciro cya mbere hamwe n'umutoza Moses Nkata na Ayub Khalifa, Ishuri ry'Ubucuruzi rya Kaminuza ya Makerere na Kaminuza ya Royal ya Muteesa I. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":3" /> == Umwuga w'ikipe == === Kawempe Muslim WFC === Nambatya yinjiye muri Kawempe Muslim LFC avuye muri Kawempe Muslim SS ubwo yazamurwaga muntera akina muri FUFA Women Elite League, shampiyona y’abagore ya Uganda yari shampiyona ikomeye y’umupira w’amaguru w’abagore icyarimwe. Nambatya yakinnye muri Kawempe mugihe cy’imyaka itatu kuva muri 2015 kugeza mumpera za 2018, atsinda ibitego 27 bya shampiyona muricyo gihe. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2023-01-27 |title=Apaer new signing Nambatya opens goal account in Rwanda |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/01/27/apaer-new-signing-nambatya-opens-goal-account-in-rwanda/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3"/> Mu mwaka wa mbere w’imikino wa 2015 yatsinze ibitego 6 bya shampiyona, 8 muri 2015/16 na 13 muri 2016/17. <ref name=":3" /> === Muteesa I Royal University WFC. === Avuye i Kawempe, Nambatya yinjiye muri Kaminuza ya Muteesa I Royal mucyiciro cyakabiri cya kaminuza mubukerarugendo nogucunga amahoteli, maze arangiza akinirayo umwaka n'igice akina muri FUFA Women Elite League kugeza mumwaka w'imikino wa 2018-2019. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":4"/> === Ishuri ry'Ubucuruzi rya Kaminuza ya Makerere (MUBS) === Nambatya yavuye i Muteesa muri 2019 ajya muri MUBS mw' isomo rya siyansi mu bijyanye no kwamamaza. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":4"/> === She Corporate FC === Nambatya yinjiye muri She Corporate mu 2020 kandi yari mw' ikipe yegukanye igikombe cya FUFA Women Super League mumwaka wa 2021-22. <ref name=":0"/> Favour yari uwa kabiri mubatsinze ibitego muri shampiyona n'ibitego 10 ubwo Fazila Ikwaput na Hasifah Nassuuna basangiraga inkweto. <ref name=":4"/> <ref name=":2"/> Mumwaka wa 2022/23 arikumwe na She Corporate, Nambatya yatsinze ibitego bitandatu muri CAF Women Champions League (CECAFA Zone Qualifiers). <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":2" /> === Apear Women FC === Ku itariki ya 25 Mutarama 2023, Nambatya yasinye amasezerano y'igihe gito na [[Apear Women Fc]] yomu Rwanda ikina muri shampiyona <ref name=":0"/> [[Rwanda Women's Football League|y'abagore mu]] <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":4"/> == Uburyo bwo gukina == Nambatya afite umugisha wogukora kumupira ku nshuro yambere, kandi nimukinnyi w'ikipe kandi agatera imipira mu byiciro byose. Mugihe cy'umukino, Nambatya kandi akomeza kugira ishusho nk'iy'umukinnyi uhiga igitego kugira ngo arangize hafi y'aho atera imipira akoresheje imbaraga nyinshi n'imitwe ikomeye. <ref name=":2"/> Nubwo yari umuhanga mukugenzura imipira hafi, gutera umutwe, gutera imipira, gutera imipira nokuyitera neza. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2017-06-12 |title=KNOW YOUR STARS: Female footballer Nambatya inspired by the supportive family |url=https://kawowo.com/2017/06/12/know-your-stars-female-footballer-nambatya-inspired-by-the-supportive-family/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFIsabirye2017">Isabirye, David (12 June 2017). [https://kawowo.com/2017/06/12/know-your-stars-female-footballer-nambatya-inspired-by-the-supportive-family/ "KNOW YOUR STARS: Female footballer Nambatya inspired by the supportive family"]. ''Kawowo Sports''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Umwuga mpuzamahanga == Mu 2012, yahamagawe bwambere n'ikipe ye kugira ngahagararire ikipe y'igihugu y'abagore ya Uganda . Kandi yahamagawe n'amakipe y'igihugu arenga atanu. <ref name=":4"/> <ref name=":2"/> Nambatya yari mubakinnyi ba CAF U-20 mubagore bahamagawe na Uganda muri 2017, batsinze Sudani y'Epfo ibitego 22-0 nubwo yatakaje icyiciro gikurikiraho kubera amafaranga. <ref name=":3"/> == Ibyubahiro == Inkomoko: <ref name=":3"/> * '''Shampiyona y'abagore ya FUFA Elite''' [2015, 2015/16, 2016/17] * '''Igikombe cy'Ubwigenge''' [2014, 2015, 2016] * '''FUFA Women Super''' '''League''' [2021/22] == Reba kandi == * Kawempe Muslim LFC == Amareferensi == <references /> 2luv4rh2bd16ojpdkfmkjf0r6b6s5g0 0 22248 130168 129592 2026-04-04T19:03:37Z Peace Batuma 11826 Ikosora nyandiko 130168 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umuhango wo gushyingura -isanduku mu irimbi.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Gushyingura]] '''Gushyingura''' kuva mu [[Rwanda]] bajyaga kera Abanyarwanda bafite uko bashyingura ababo babaga bapfuye kuva kera mu bakurambere bari bafite uko babikora ndetse n'[[Imihango y'ubukwe bwa kinyarwanda|imihango]] bakoraga.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/Inkuru-Zicukumbuye/article/kurasa-mu-kirere-mu-gihe-cyo-gushyingura-abasirikare-byavuye-he</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojez84lQyvo</ref> == Mu muco == Mu muco wacu mu [[Rwanda]] abantu bazima bashimwa n'Imana n'abazimu bacu batazima bakajya kuruhukira muri Muhabura yahabuye abana b'u [[Rwanda]], abajyaga mu muriro ntabwo bari abi [[Rwanda]] rero abajya muri Nyiragongo ihora yaka maze bagashya bagatokombera, mugihe ababaye ibirumirahabiri bacishwa muri kalisimbi bakabanza gukubitwa akanyafu n'ubukonje bwaho amaherezo bakazabona kujyanwa mu gitaramo cy'Abakuru b'i [[Rwanda]] muri Muhabura .<ref name=":1" /> == Imihango == kera iyo bajyaga gushyingura hari imihango y’ikitegererezo bakoraga mu '''gutsirika [[umuzimu]]''' aribyo '''Guhambanwa ikara''' Umuntu wapfaga atarashatse cyangwa atarabyaye, akenshi yahambanwaga '''ikara''' '''.'''<ref name=":1">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/sobanukirwa-neza-umuntu-uhambanwa-ikara-mu-muco-nyarwanda</ref> == Ikara == Ibi byakorwaga kugira ngo umuzimu we utazagaruka guteza amahane mu muryango kandi byafatwaga nk’ikosa ry’umuryango kuba uwo muntu yaragejeje igihe cyo gushaka ntibabimufashemo, bityo bakamutsirika ngo atazaza kubishyuza.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/Inkuru-Zicukumbuye/article/kurasa-mu-kirere-mu-gihe-cyo-gushyingura-abasirikare-byavuye-he</ref> == Inkuba == Kera uwakubiswe n’inkuba mbere yo gushyingura uwishwe n’[[inkuba]], habanzaga gukorwa imihango yo '''kugangahura''' no kuraguza kugira ngo bamenye icyateye icyo kiza.<ref name=":0" /> == Inyama == Kirazira ku kiriyo byaraziraga kurya [[inyama]] mu kiriyo cy’uwapfuye, kuko byafatwaga nko kurya intumbi .<ref name=":0" /> == Kwera no kwirabura == * '''Kwirabura no Kwera''' nyuma yo gushyingura, umuryango wabaga uri mu gihe cyo '''kwirabura''' mbese kubabara. Iyo icyo gihe cyarangiraga, hakorwaga umuhango wo '''Kwera''', aho abantu basubiraga mu buzima busanzwe bakava mu gahinda. * '''Icyubahiro cy'umupfu''' nubwo uburyo bwo gushyingura bwahindutse, umuco wo kubaha uwaye mu muryango no gushaka ko "aruhukira mu mahoro" uracyakomeje no mu mategeko n'imyemerere y'ubu.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] jpiwkwvhhytj1fkain92u60pa3npw0k 0 22356 130167 129826 2026-04-04T18:59:22Z Peace Batuma 11826 Ikosora nyandiko 130167 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gukaraba neza intoki mbere yo kwijira mu Ishuri mu Rwanda hirindwa Covid-19.jpg|thumb|Gukaraba]] '''Gukaraba''' nyuma y'urupfu ni umuhango wo kwiyeza cyangwa gukaraba intoki mwihunguraho urupfu, uyu ni umwe mu migenzo cyangwa imihango yabagaho nyuma yo gushyingura umuntu abavuye gushyingura bagombaga gukaraba kugira ngo biyambure umwaku cyangwa igitsure cy'urupfu, bakagaruka mu buzima busanzwe bameze nk'abatojwe cyangwa abejejwe .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/amateka/Kwirabura-no-kwera-byafashaga-Abanyarwanda-bapfushije-kudaheranwa-n-agahinda</ref> == Umuco == Gukaraba mu muco ntibigarukira ku mazi n'isabune gusa, ahubwo ni n'uburyo bwo kwipakurura amakuba cyangwa kwitegura gukomeza gukora imihango y'ubuzima busanzwe nyuma y'umubabaro.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/ibibazo-by-ingutu-bibangamiye-imihango-yo-gushyingura-muri-iki-gihe</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] evxlprhkfb833n588ebffk12cgysxnc 1 22476 130162 2026-04-04T13:13:47Z ~2026-20685-80 17856 /* ruganzu ndori yapfaga iki na Ntare II Kibogora wi burundi */ new section 130162 wikitext text/x-wiki == ruganzu ndori yapfaga iki na Ntare II Kibogora wi burundi == ruganzu ndori yapfaga iki na Ntare II Kibogora wi burundi [[Ibidasanzwe:Contributions/&#126;2026-20685-80|&#126;2026-20685-80]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:&#126;2026-20685-80|talk]]) 13:13, 4 Mata 2026 (UTC) 41fg1hdm5i7m556q93b9nwylq0kajjt