Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 775 130710 130012 2026-04-21T20:48:27Z Niyigaba.05 17909 130710 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Repubulika y'u Rwanda<br />Republic of Rwanda<br />République du Rwanda<br />Jamhuri ya Rwanda'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda</span>]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Rwanda</span>]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Rwanda (orthographic projection with locator).svg|300px]] |} = U Rwanda = '''[[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]]''' ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba, mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. Umurwa mukuru ni '''Kigali'''. [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] n'igihugu gifite ubuso bwa km² 26,338, rukaba rutuwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 14 (2024). U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubucucike bw’abaturage buri hejuru muri Afurika.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=abaturage+b%27u+Rwanda&oq=abaturage+b%27u+Rwanda&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIICAEQABgWGB4yCggCEAAYogQYiQUyBwgDEAAY7wUyBwgEEAAY7wUyBwgFEAAY7wUyBwgGEAAY7wXSAQkxNjcxN2owajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> == Imiterere n’Imipaka == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] ntirukora ku nyanja. ruhana imbibi na: * '''Burundi''' mu majyepfo, * '''Tanzaniya''' mu burasirazuba, * '''Uganda''' mu majyaruguru, * '''Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo''' mu burengerazuba. Igihugu gifite ibirunga, ibiyaga (nk’ikiyaga cya Kivu, Rweru, Ruhondo, Muhazi,...) n’imigezi myinshi, imwe muri yo ikaba ari inkomoko y’uruzi rwa Nil. umusozi muremure kurusha indi ni '''Kalisimbi''' ifite ubutumburuke bwa (m 4,519), naho hato ni '''Rusizi Valley''' (m 950).<ref> '''Amakuru rusange''' U Rwanda ruherereye muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba, mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. Umurwa mukuru ni Kigali. Abaturage barenga miliyoni 14 (2024). '''Imiterere n’imipaka''' Ubuso: km² 26,338. Gihana imbibi na: Uganda, Tanzaniya, Burundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ahantu harehare ni Kalisimbi (m 4,519), ahato Rusizi Valley (m 950). '''Ubuyobozi n’imiterere y’igihugu''' Repubulika iyoborwa na Perezida. Intara 4 n’Umujyi wa Kigali, bigabanyijemo uturere 30. Itegeko nshinga ryatowe mu 2003. '''Indimi''' Ikinyarwanda, Icyongereza, Igifaransa, Igiswayire. '''Ibimenyetso by’igihugu''' Ibendera: ubururu, umuhondo, icyatsi. Intego: Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu. Indirimbo: ''Rwanda Nziza''. '''Ubukungu''' Ubuhinzi: ikawa, icyayi, ibitoki, imyumbati, ibirayi. Amatungo: inka, ihene, intama. '''Ubukerarugendo''' Pariki y’Akagera, Pariki ya Nyungwe, Pariki y’Ibirunga. Inyamaswa n’umuco w’Abanyarwanda. '''Idini''' Abakirisitu (Gatolika, Angilikani, Abaporotesitanti), Abayisilamu n’amadini mato.</ref> == Ubuyobozi == U Rwanda ni '''Repubulika''' iyoborwa na Perezida utorwa n'abaturage binyuze mu matora . Ubuyobozi bugendera ku '''itegeko nshinga ryatowe mu 2003'''. Igihugu kigizwe n’'''intara enye (4)''' n’'''Umujyi wa Kigali.''' Igihugu cy' u Rwanda kigizwe n'uturere mirongo itatu (30 districts) n'imirenge maganane na cumi n'itandatu n'utugari ibihumbi bibiri n'ijana na mirongo ine n'umunani (2148) n'imidugudu ibihumbi icumi na bine maganinani mirongo itatu n'irindwi (14837).<ref>https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/en/intara-1/uturere</ref> == Ururimi == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] nk'igihugu , abaturage b'[[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] bakoresha ururimi rumwe ari rwo rubaranga, rukabahuza kandi rukabaranga aho bari hose.Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda hemewe gukoreshwa indimi zitandukanye z'amahanga ariko ku isonga haza: * '''Ikinyarwanda''' (ururimi gakondo), * '''Icyongereza''', * '''Igifaransa''', * '''Igiswayire'''. == Ibimenyetso by’Igihugu == Nk'igihugu kigendera ku mahame ya demokarasi, u Rwanda rufite ibirango bitatu biruranga aho ruzwi hose mu ruhando rw'ibindi bihugu.Ibyo birango ( ibimenyetso) ni ibi bikurikira:<ref>https://x.com/lyvine_rwanda/status/1854124418471256089</ref> * '''Ibendera''': Ibendera ry' u Rwanda rigaragara mu mabara atatu avugwa uhereye hejuru ugana hasi: '''ubururu, umuhondo, icyatsikibisi'''. Ibendera ry' u Rwanda rifite ishusho y'izuba mu ibara ry'ubururu iryo zuba rigizwe n'imirasire ya zahabu makumyabiri n'ine isobanura urumuri rumurikira abanyarwanda, abaturarwanda n'inshuti zarwo. ibi kand bisobanura gukorera hamwe nta vangura mu banyarwanda no kurwanya ubujiji. Ibara ry'ubururu risobanura Amahoro n'umutekano urambye by'abanyarwanda.Ibara ry'umuhondo risobanura iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imbaraga biturutse ku banyarwanda. Ibara ry'icyatsikibisi risobanura icyizere kirambye cy'abanyarwanda. * * '''Ikirangantego''': Mu kirangantego cy'u Rwanda habonekamo amagambo akurikira: Ubumwe, '''Ubumwe,umurimo, no gukunda ukunda igihugu'''. * * '''Indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu''': Indirimbo yubahiriza cy'u yitwa ''Rwanda Nziza''.Iyi ndirimbo ikaba igizwe n'ibitero cyangwa ibika bine. == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bushingiye ku '''buhinzi''', cyane cyane ikawa n’icyayi. Ibindi bihingwa ni ibitoki, imyumbati, amasaka n’ibirayi. Amatungo (inka, [[ihene]], intama) na yo ni ingenzi mu mibereho y’abaturage. == Ubukerarugendo == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] rwamenyekanye cyane ku '''bukerarugendo bushingiye ku nyamaswa n’umurage w’umuco'''. Pariki zikomeye ni: * Pariki y’Ibirunga, * Pariki ya Nyungwe, * Pariki y’Akagera. == Idini == Abaturage benshi ni '''abakirisitu''' (Gatolika, Angilikani, Abaporotesitanti), hakiyongeraho Abayisilamu n’amadini mato atandukanye.[[Dosiye:View from Virunga Lodge in Rwanda of Mount Muhavura.jpg|thumb|281x281px|Uku niko urwanda rugaragara uri mumisozi.]] [[File:Rwanda (rw) pronunciation.ogg|thumb|Rwanda (rw) pronunciation]] [[Dosiye:Kigali Arena|thumb|Aho u Rwanda rugeze mu iterambere]] [[Umuceli|U]] '''[[Rwanda]]''' ni [[igihugu]] giherereye muri [[Afurika]] y'uburengerazuba mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, munsi y'umurongo wa Koma y'isi. [[Dosiye:Communes_of_Rwanda_in_1994.svg|thumb|Intara n'Uture muri 1994]] [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Rwanda witwa [[Kigali]]. Iki gihugu gikunze kwitwa icy'imisozi igihumbi gikoresha indimi enye: [[Ikinyarwanda]], [[Icyongereza]], [[Igifaransa]] n'[[igiswahili|Igiswayire]]. Ururimi gakondo rw'Abanyarwanda ni Ikinyarwanda. Ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda burigenga, ubuyobozi bufite intego igamije guteza imbere abaturage, kandi imiyoborere y'igihugu ntabwo ishingiye ku idini. [[Ibirango by’igihugu]] cy’u [[Rwanda]] ni [[ibendera|i]]<nowiki/>nkingi, ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko z' ubuyobozi, intego n’indirimbo y’Igihugu. [[Intego ya Repubulika|Intego y'Umutegetsi]] ni [[Ubumwe]], [[Umurimo]], [[Gukunda Igihugu]]. [[Indirimbo y’Igihugu]] ni [[Rwanda Nziza]].U [[Rwanda]] rugizwe n' uturere 30, intara 5, n'imirenge 416. U Rwanda kandi rufite abaturage million zisaga14 z'abaturage. == [[Amateka]] == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] ruri mu bihugu 10 bya mbere bikungahaye k'ubukerarugendo bushingiye k'umuco n'umurage Ndangamateka. == "Ubumenyi bw'isi" == [[File:Map of Rwanda.png|300px|Map of Rwanda]] Ni igihugu kidakora ku nyanja, kiri muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba mu karere bita ak’ibiyaga bigari. [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] rufite [[Ikirunga|ibirunga]] bitanu, ibiyaga makumyabiri na bitatu n’imigezi myinshi, imwe akaba ariyo soko y’uruzi rwa [[Nili|Nil.]] U Rwanda rufite ubuso bwa 26,338 km² ubutaka bukaba bwihariye 24,948 km² amazi agafata 1,390 km². Abaturage babarirwa hafi ya 11,533,446 (National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, 2016), ubwo rero ni abantu 438 kuri buri km², u Rwanda rubarirwa mu bihugu bituwe cyane kurusha ibindi muri Afurika. [[File:Rwanda Gitarama landscape.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] Imipaka n’ibihugu by’ibituranyi bikurikira ni 893 km: [[Burundi]] mu majyepfo (290km), [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba (217km), [[Uganda]] mu majyaruguru(169km) na [[Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] (217km). U Rwanda rufite ibihe by’imvura bibiri Itumba-kuva Gashyantare kugera muri Gicurasi, Umuhindi-kuva muri Nzeli kugera muri Mutarama. Mu misozi ibihe biri mu rugero hajya haba ubutita rimwe na rimwe hakaza n’urubura rw’imbonekarimwe. Igihugu gifite imiterere y’ubutaka itandukanye yiganjemo ibirunga mu majyaruguru kikaba gikikijwe [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|n’ikiyaga cya Kivu]] [[https://rw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiyaga_cya_Kivu]] mu burengerazuba. Parike National y’ibirunga iri mu birunga mu misozi miremire n’amashyamba biri mu majyaruguru, iyo pariki ifite ingangi zizwi cyane kw’isi nk'[[inyamaswa]] nini cyane zizwi ku kwita ku miryango yazo. Hari inyamaswa nini n’into, naho ikiyaga cya Kivu mu burengerazuba kikaba gifite umusenyi mwiza mu nkengero zacyo ku Kibuye, Kivu ikaba itatswe n’uturwa twinshi. Ahantu ha mbere haciye bugufi mu [[Rwanda]] ni mu kibaya cya Rusizi kikaba kiri ku butumburuke bwa metero 950 uhereye ku nyanja. Naho ahantu harehare cyane gusumba ahandi ni ikirunga cya Kalisimbi gifite ubutumburuke bwa metero 4,519. MUDASIRU Pariki Nasiyonali * [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] * [[Pariki y'Akagera]] * [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]][[File:Tour_du_Rwanda_2020.png|thumb|Tour du Rwanda 2020]] == Intara == Igihugu cy’[[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] kigabanyijemo intara 4 n’umujyi wa Kigali. Intara zigabanyijemo uturere, imijyi, imirenge n’utugari. Umujyi wa Kigali ugabanyijemo uturere 30, imirenge 416 n’utugari. Kugeza muri [[2005]], [[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] rwari rugabanyijemo intara cumi n’ebyiri (12) na Komini ijana na cumi n’esheshatu (116). Izi zari: Umujyi wa Kigali,9 intara ya Kigali Ngali,10 intara ya Gitarama,11 intara ya Butare,12 intara ya Gikongoro,13 [[intara ya Cyangugu]],14 intara ya Kibuye,15 intara ya Gisenyi,16 intara ya Ruhengeri,17 intara ya Byumba,18 intara y’Umutara,19 intara ya Kibungo. Ariko ibi byarahindutse kuva ku itariki ya [[1 Mutarama]] [[2006]]. Muri porogaramu yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage no kuvugurura ubutegetsi muri rusange mu gihugu, ubutegetsi bwite bwa leta bwagabanyijwe mu matsinda matoya [[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] 13rugabanywamo intara eshanu (5) zagabanyijwemo nazo [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|uturere]] mirongo itatu (30). Uturere natwo tugabanyijwemo imirenge Magana ane na cumi n’itandatu (416) n’[[utugali]] ibihumbi bibiri n’ijana mirongo ine n’umunani (2148). Igihugu cy’[[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] kigabanyijemo Intara enye ( 4) n’Umujyi wa Kigali. Amazina, umubare n’ibyicaro by’intara n’iby’Umujyi wa Kigali bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira: [[Dosiye:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|200px|<span style="color:grey;">Intara n’Uturere</span>]] {| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- bgcolor="#aaaaaa" |N° |Izina |Icyicaro |Akarere karimo icyicaro |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |1 |[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] |[[Kinihira]] |[[Akarere ka Rulindo]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |2 |[[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] |[[Busasamana]] |[[Akarere ka Nyanza]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |3 |[[Intara y'Uburasirazuba]] |[[Kigabiro]] |[[Akaere ka Rwamagana]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |4 |[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] |[[Bwishyura]] |[[Akarere ka Karongi]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |5 |[[Umujyi wa Kigali]] |[[Nyarugenge]] |[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] |} == [[Iyobokamana]] == [[Dosiye:RwamaganaChurch.jpg|thumb|left|100px|]] [[Abanyarwanda]] benshi ni abayoboke b'amadini 2 akomeye ariyo [[Ubukirisitu]] ([[Abagatolika]], [[Abaporoso]], [[Abapresibuteliyani]] n’[[abangilikani]]) n’[[ubuyislamu]], n'[[Abahamya ba Yehova]] [[Kiliziya]] cyane cyane [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] niyo yashinze imizi mu Rwanda. Abanyarwanda benshi ni abagatolika. Rero Kiliziya ifite uruhare runini mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Hari andi madini nayo y’abakirisitu mu Rwanda, ariko ntabwo akomeye nka Kiliziya Gatorika. Iri dini niryo rya mbere ryinjiye mu Rwanda riyobowe na Musenyeri Hirth wo mu muryango w’abapadiri bera 27 mu w’1900. Abapadiri bera bazanywe mu Rwanda n’abadage, bayobora icyo gihe bategekaga u Rwanda, u Burundi na Tanzaniya y’icyo gihe. Abadage barindaga abapadiri bera bizera ko naho bazashyigikira ubutegetsi bw’Abadage (irohat) mu Rwanda. Ibarura ry’abaturage rya 2002 ryagaragaje ko amadini ahagaze mu buryo bukurikira muri iki gihe: Abagatolika (49.5%), Abaporotesitanti bari mu madini atandukanye (27.2%), Abadivantisite (12.2%);Abahamya ba Yehova Andi madini ya gikirisito (4%), Abatagira idini (3.6%) N’Abayisilamu (1.8%), indi myemerere 1.7%. Iri barura riragaragaza ko 98.3% by abatuye u Rwanda biyemerera ko bafite idini babarizwamo. Ibi biratwereka ko amadini ari rumwe mu nzego z’imiyoborere ihuza abantu benshi kuko amenshi muri ayo madini atandukanye cyane n’idini gakondo kuko yo ahuza abayoboke bayo kandi akabaha gahunda y’imitekerereze ndetse n’imyitwarire. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda]] == [[Dosiye:Secretary Kerry and Rwandan President Kagame Pose for A Photo With Rwandan Foreign Minister Musikiwabo and U.S. Ambassador Barks-Ruggles in Kigali (30326383225).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|KAGAME PAUL perezida wa repubulika y' u Rwanda. (uwa kabiri uhereye iburyo )]] [[Ibendera]] ry’Igihugu rigizwe n’amabara atatu: icyatsi kibisi, umuhondo, n’ubururu. == [[Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] == Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bugizwe ahanini n’ubuhinzi abenshi mu bahinzi batunzwe n’ibyo bahinga. Ubukungu bukaba buhura n’icyibazo cy’uko abantu ari benshi kurusha ubutaka buhari. Kuba u Rwanda rudakora ku nyanjya bikaba byongera ibyo bibazo kubera ko bituma igihugu kitagera ku masoko mpuzamahanga cyangwa kibagerayo bigoranye. Ibihingwa ngengabukungu bya mbere ni [[ikawa]], [[icyayi]] n’ibireti. Ibi n’ibyamasoko mpuzamahanga. Mu gihugu, ibihingwa bihaboneka muri byo ni ibitoki, imyumbati, amasaka, [[imboga]], n’ibirayi. Ariko ntibihagije ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda ibindi bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ibindi byongera ku ntungamubiri ku banyarwanda ni amatungo- [[inka]], ihene n’intama.<ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006]</ref> '''AHO U RWANDA RUGEZE MU ITERAMBERE''' Iterambere ry' u Rwanda rireberwa mu bihe bibiri bitandukanye; hagati 1962 na 1994 ndetse n'igihe cy'imyaka 30 kiri hagati 1995 na 2025. Kuva ku gusabiriza kugera ku bukungu bugabye amashami: Mu 1989, u Rwanda rwohereje mu mahanga amabuye y'agaciro yinjije amadovize angana na miliyoni 2.5, ariko mu 2023, u Rwanda rwakubye uyu musaruro inshuro amagana, aho rwinjije amadovize miliyari 1.1 y'amadolari. Iterambere nk'iri rigaragaza ko [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] bwagabye amashami. Mu byerekeye u burezi, mbere abasozaga amashuri ya kaminuza bari ku kigero cyo hasi aho mu 1994 abasoje kaminuza bari 2870 ariko mu 2022 uwo mubare wikubye inshuro magana ugera ku 431,606. Mu busanzwe, iyo igihugu kidafite uburyo bunoze bwo kugenderana haba mu gihugu mu imbere cyangwa no hanze y'igihugu bidindiza iterambere ry'igihugu.Mu 1993, u Rwanda rwari rufite ibirometero 530 by’imihanda ya kaburimbo. Uyu munsi, imihanda ya kaburimbo yariyongereye igera ku birometero 2,652 ibi bikaba byoroshya ubuhahirane n'iterambere. Kuva kera kugera mu myaka ya 1994, ubuvuzi mu Rwanda bwari ku kigero cyo hasi aho 2.6% ari bo bari bafite ubwishingizi mu kwivuza. Ibi bisobanuye ko iyo umuntu yagiraga uburwayi bukomeye yashoboraga gukira agasiga umuryango we mu bukene bukabije cyangwa n'ubuvuzi ntabubonere igihe bikaba byatuma abura ubuzima. Uyu munsi , Abanyarwanda 97.3% bafite ubwishingizi mu kwivuza bisobanuye ko ntawe ugihura n'ingaruka nk'izavuzwe haruguru.Kuba serivisi z'ubuvuzi zariyongereye ndetswe zikegerezwa abaturage bisobanuye ubuzima buzira umuze n'icyizere kirambye cy'ubuzima bw'ejo hazaza.<ref>Raporo z’Ikigega cy’Isi cy’Imari</ref> == Amashyaka ya Politiki == [[Dosiye:Kagame.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Paul Kagame</span>]] U Rwanda ni igihugu kigendera kuri [[demokarasi]] y’amashyaka menshi. Amashyaka ya politike mu gihugu n’abayayobora ni aya: [[Parti Démocratique Chrétien]] (PDC) iyobowe na [[Alfred Mukezamfura]] ; [[Parti Social Démocratique]] (PSD) iyobowe na [[Vincent Biruta]] ; [[Union Démocratique du Peuple Rwandais]] (UDPR) iyobowe na [[Adrien Rangira]] ; [[Mouvement Démocratique Républicain]] (MDR) yasheshwe ikaba yarayoborwaga na [[Kabanda Célestin]] ; [[Parti Démocratique Islamique]] (PDI) iyobowe na [[André Bumaya]] ; [[Parti Libéral]] (PL) iyobowe na [[Prosper Higiro]] ; na [[Front Patriotique Rwandais]] (FPR) iyobowe na [[Paul Kagame]]. Hari n’andi mashyaka yahagaritswe kubera ko atemewe n’amategekop. Ayo ni [[Parti Socialiste Rwandais]] (PSR), na [[Parti pour le Progres et la Concorde]] (PPC) na Parti pour le Renouveau Démocratique === Amashyaka yo mu wa 1959 === Ayo mashyaka ari ukubiri: hari ayo bamwe bita "partis nationaux", ni ukuvuga amashyaka yari afite abayoboke benshi, yari asakaye mu gihugu cyangwa mu duce tunini, akagira n'uburyo bugaragara bwo kwamamaza ibitekerezo byayo n'abayobozi batwaye bagaragara. Tuvuge ayo mashyaka ayo ari yo n'igihe yavukiye: <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/2529.pdf |title=Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda, Kigali, Kanama 1999 |access-date=2010-12-24 |archive-date=2010-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704012542/http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/2529.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> :1. '''APROSOMA''' [[Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse]] 15/02/1959 :2. '''UNAR''' [[Union Nationale Rwandaise]] 13/09/1959 :3. '''RADER''' [[Rassemblement Democratique Rwandaise]] 14/09/1959 :4. '''PARMEHUTU''' [[Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation des Bahutu]] 09/10/1959 Hari n'andi mashyaka akabakaba makumyabiri ataragize uburemere byayo tumaze kuvuga. Ndetse urebye neza, amwe n'amwe muri ayo mashyaka mato yegamiye ayo ane manini. Ayo mashyaka matoya ni aya: :1) '''ABAKI''' [[Alliance des Bakiga]] :2) '''ABESC''' [[Association des Bahutu evuluant pour la suppression des castes]] :3) '''ACR''' [[Association des Cultivateurs du Rwanda]] :4) '''APADEC''' [[Association du Parti Democrate Chretien]] :5) '''APROCOMIN''' [[Association des Commerçants Indigenes]] :6) '''AREDETWA''' [[Association pour le Relevement Democratique des Batwa]] :7) '''ARUCO''' [[Alliance du Ruanda - Urundi et du Congo]] :8) '''ASSERU''' [[Association des Eleveurs du Rwanda]] :9) '''MOMOR''' [[Mouvement Monarchiste Rwandais]] :10) '''MUR''' [[Mouvement pour 1'Union Rwandaise]] :11) '''PAMOPRO''' [[Parti Monarchiste Progressiste]] :12) '''PSCR''' [[Parti Social Chrétien du Rwanda]] :13) '''UAARU''' [[Union des Aborozi Africains du Rwanda]] :14) '''UMAR''' [[Union des Masses Rwandaises]] :15) '''UNAFREUROP''' [[Union Afro-Europeenne]] :16) '''UNINTERCOKI''' [[Union des Intérêts Communs du Kinyaga]] == == * [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki y’Amajyamabere y’u Rwanda]] (BRD) * [[Ofisi y’Ubukerarugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali mu Rwanda]] (ORTPN) * [[Perezidansi ya Repubulika]] * [[Ibiro Bikuru by’Ishoramari rya Leta n’Inkunga Ituruka Hanze y’Igihugu]] (CEPEX) * [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Ishoramari n'Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Mahanga]] (RIEPA) * [[Urugaga Nyarwanda rw’Abikorera ku Giti cyabo]] (RPSF) [[Dosiye:I&M Bank Rwanda plc logo.png|thumb|BANKI Y' UBUCURUZI MU RWANDA]] == Amabanki == * Banque de Kigali (BK) * Banque Rwandaise de Développement (BRD) * I&M bank Rwanda * Compagnie Générale de Banque (COGEBANQUE) * Banque Commerciale du Rwanda (BCR) * Ecobank Rwanda * Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda (BHR) * Banque Populaire du Rwanda (BPR) * Urwego Opportunity Microfinance Bank (UOMB) * BANCOR SA * Banque Populaire du Rwanda SA *[[Kenya]] commercial bank (KCB) *Equity bank *Urwego Opportunity Bank(UOB) *Zigama CSS *Co-operative Bank Rwanda == Sosiyete Sivile mu Rwanda == [[File:OLPC classroom teaching.JPG|thumbnail|[[:en:One Laptop per Child|OLPC]] classroom teaching]] Iki gice kiraganira kuri sosiyete sivile yo mu Rwanda, ariko irashimangira ku mateka yayo, uko iteye, n’amashami yayo aba mu Rwanda. Iki gice kiranagaragaza imibereho ya sosiyete sivile, imigenderane ifitanye na leta y'u Rwanda ndetse n’abaterenkunga, ingorane ihura nazo. Iki gice kandi kiranagaragaza imbogamizi uwo muryango uhura nazo. Urebye ibibazo uyu muryango uhura nabyo mu byerekeye kumvisha akamaro kawo, ni umuryango w’ubukorerabushake ufata umwanya hagati y’umuryango nyarwanda na leta. Hari amashyirahamwe atandukanye yigenga, yashizweho n’abantu ku giti cyabo kugira ngo babungabunge amahame n’imico yabo. Ubundi inshingano z’uwo muryango ni kuwinjizamwo imiryango y’abakozi bo mu nzego zose, baba abunganira (avocats), za kiriziya, koperative, amashyirahamwe y’abana n’abagore n’andi mashyirahamwe ashinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage. <ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006] </ref> * [[Kituo Cha Katiba]] * [[Avega Agahozo]] * [[Haguruka]] == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.presidency.gov.rw/ * http://www.livinginkigali.com * https://web.archive.org/web/20230113062710/https://discover.rw/ {{Afurika}} {{commons|category:Rwanda}} [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Afurika]] gjzpkz62safu1a73d0n9ymm28t4t3lc 130711 130710 2026-04-21T20:50:53Z Niyigaba.05 17909 130711 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Repubulika y'u Rwanda<br />Republic of Rwanda<br />République du Rwanda<br />Jamhuri ya Rwanda'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda</span>]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Rwanda</span>]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Rwanda (orthographic projection with locator).svg|300px]] |} = U Rwanda = '''[[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]]''' ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba, mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. Umurwa mukuru ni '''Kigali'''. [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] n'igihugu gifite ubuso bwa km² 26,338, rukaba rutuwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 14 (2024). U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubucucike bw’abaturage buri hejuru muri Afurika.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=abaturage+b%27u+Rwanda&oq=abaturage+b%27u+Rwanda&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIICAEQABgWGB4yCggCEAAYogQYiQUyBwgDEAAY7wUyBwgEEAAY7wUyBwgFEAAY7wUyBwgGEAAY7wXSAQkxNjcxN2owajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> == Imiterere n’Imipaka == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] ntirukora ku nyanja. ruhana imbibi na: * '''Burundi''' mu majyepfo, * '''Tanzaniya''' mu burasirazuba, * '''Uganda''' mu majyaruguru, * '''Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo''' mu burengerazuba. Igihugu gifite ibirunga, ibiyaga (nk’ikiyaga cya Kivu, Rweru, Ruhondo, Muhazi,...) n’imigezi myinshi, imwe muri yo ikaba ari inkomoko y’uruzi rwa Nil. umusozi muremure kurusha indi ni '''Kalisimbi''' ifite ubutumburuke bwa (m 4,519), naho hato ni '''Rusizi Valley''' (m 950).<ref> '''Amakuru rusange''' U Rwanda ruherereye muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba, mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. Umurwa mukuru ni Kigali. Abaturage barenga miliyoni 14 (2024). '''Imiterere n’imipaka''' Ubuso: km² 26,338. Gihana imbibi na: Uganda, Tanzaniya, Burundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ahantu harehare ni Kalisimbi (m 4,519), ahato Rusizi Valley (m 950). '''Ubuyobozi n’imiterere y’igihugu''' Repubulika iyoborwa na Perezida. Intara 4 n’Umujyi wa Kigali, bigabanyijemo uturere 30. Itegeko nshinga ryatowe mu 2003. '''Indimi''' Ikinyarwanda, Icyongereza, Igifaransa, Igiswayire. '''Ibimenyetso by’igihugu''' Ibendera: ubururu, umuhondo, icyatsi. Intego: Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu. Indirimbo: ''Rwanda Nziza''. '''Ubukungu''' Ubuhinzi: ikawa, icyayi, ibitoki, imyumbati, ibirayi. Amatungo: inka, ihene, intama. '''Ubukerarugendo''' Pariki y’Akagera, Pariki ya Nyungwe, Pariki y’Ibirunga. Inyamaswa n’umuco w’Abanyarwanda. '''Idini''' Abakirisitu (Gatolika, Angilikani, Abaporotesitanti), Abayisilamu n’amadini mato.</ref> == Ubuyobozi == U Rwanda ni '''Repubulika''' iyoborwa na Perezida utorwa n'abaturage binyuze mu matora . Ubuyobozi bugendera ku '''itegeko nshinga ryatowe mu 2003'''. Igihugu kigizwe n’'''intara enye (4)''' n’'''Umujyi wa Kigali.''' Igihugu cy' u Rwanda kigizwe n'uturere mirongo itatu (30 districts) n'imirenge maganane na cumi n'itandatu n'utugari ibihumbi bibiri n'ijana na mirongo ine n'umunani (2148) n'imidugudu ibihumbi icumi na bine maganinani mirongo itatu n'irindwi (14837).<ref>https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/en/intara-1/uturere</ref> == Ururimi == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] nk'igihugu , abaturage b'[[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] bakoresha ururimi rumwe ari rwo rubaranga, rukabahuza kandi rukabaranga aho bari hose.Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda hemewe gukoreshwa indimi zitandukanye z'amahanga ariko ku isonga haza: * '''Ikinyarwanda''' (ururimi gakondo), * '''Icyongereza''', * '''Igifaransa''', * '''Igiswayire'''. == Ibimenyetso by’Igihugu == Nk'igihugu kigendera ku mahame ya demokarasi, u Rwanda rufite ibirango bitatu biruranga aho ruzwi hose mu ruhando rw'ibindi bihugu.Ibyo birango ( ibimenyetso) ni ibi bikurikira:<ref>https://x.com/lyvine_rwanda/status/1854124418471256089</ref> * '''Ibendera''': Ibendera ry' u Rwanda rigaragara mu mabara atatu avugwa uhereye hejuru ugana hasi: '''ubururu, umuhondo, icyatsikibisi'''. Ibendera ry' u Rwanda rifite ishusho y'izuba mu ibara ry'ubururu iryo zuba rigizwe n'imirasire ya zahabu makumyabiri n'ine isobanura urumuri rumurikira abanyarwanda, abaturarwanda n'inshuti zarwo. ibi kand bisobanura gukorera hamwe nta vangura mu banyarwanda no kurwanya ubujiji. Ibara ry'ubururu risobanura Amahoro n'umutekano urambye by'abanyarwanda.Ibara ry'umuhondo risobanura iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imbaraga biturutse ku banyarwanda. Ibara ry'icyatsikibisi risobanura icyizere kirambye cy'abanyarwanda. * * '''Ikirangantego''': Mu kirangantego cy'u Rwanda habonekamo amagambo akurikira: Ubumwe, '''Ubumwe,umurimo, no gukunda ukunda igihugu'''. * * '''Indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu''': Indirimbo yubahiriza cy'u yitwa ''Rwanda Nziza''.Iyi ndirimbo ikaba igizwe n'ibitero cyangwa ibika bine. == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bushingiye ku '''buhinzi''', cyane cyane ikawa n’icyayi. Ibindi bihingwa ni ibitoki, imyumbati, amasaka n’ibirayi. Amatungo (inka, [[ihene]], intama) na yo ni ingenzi mu mibereho y’abaturage. == Ubukerarugendo == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] rwamenyekanye cyane ku '''bukerarugendo bushingiye ku nyamaswa n’umurage w’umuco'''. Pariki zikomeye ni: * Pariki y’Ibirunga, * [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]], * Pariki y’Akagera. == Idini == Abaturage benshi ni '''abakirisitu''' (Gatolika, Angilikani, Abaporotesitanti), hakiyongeraho Abayisilamu n’amadini mato atandukanye.[[Dosiye:View from Virunga Lodge in Rwanda of Mount Muhavura.jpg|thumb|281x281px|Uku niko urwanda rugaragara uri mumisozi.]] [[File:Rwanda (rw) pronunciation.ogg|thumb|Rwanda (rw) pronunciation]] [[Dosiye:Kigali Arena|thumb|Aho u Rwanda rugeze mu iterambere]] [[Umuceli|U]] '''[[Rwanda]]''' ni [[igihugu]] giherereye muri [[Afurika]] y'uburengerazuba mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, munsi y'umurongo wa Koma y'isi. [[Dosiye:Communes_of_Rwanda_in_1994.svg|thumb|Intara n'Uture muri 1994]] [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Rwanda witwa [[Kigali]]. Iki gihugu gikunze kwitwa icy'imisozi igihumbi gikoresha indimi enye: [[Ikinyarwanda]], [[Icyongereza]], [[Igifaransa]] n'[[igiswahili|Igiswayire]]. Ururimi gakondo rw'Abanyarwanda ni Ikinyarwanda. Ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda burigenga, ubuyobozi bufite intego igamije guteza imbere abaturage, kandi imiyoborere y'igihugu ntabwo ishingiye ku idini. [[Ibirango by’igihugu]] cy’u [[Rwanda]] ni [[ibendera|i]]<nowiki/>nkingi, ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko z' ubuyobozi, intego n’indirimbo y’Igihugu. [[Intego ya Repubulika|Intego y'Umutegetsi]] ni [[Ubumwe]], [[Umurimo]], [[Gukunda Igihugu]]. [[Indirimbo y’Igihugu]] ni [[Rwanda Nziza]].U [[Rwanda]] rugizwe n' uturere 30, intara 5, n'imirenge 416. U Rwanda kandi rufite abaturage million zisaga14 z'abaturage. == [[Amateka]] == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] ruri mu bihugu 10 bya mbere bikungahaye k'ubukerarugendo bushingiye k'umuco n'umurage Ndangamateka. == "Ubumenyi bw'isi" == [[File:Map of Rwanda.png|300px|Map of Rwanda]] Ni igihugu kidakora ku nyanja, kiri muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba mu karere bita ak’ibiyaga bigari. [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] rufite [[Ikirunga|ibirunga]] bitanu, ibiyaga makumyabiri na bitatu n’imigezi myinshi, imwe akaba ariyo soko y’uruzi rwa [[Nili|Nil.]] U Rwanda rufite ubuso bwa 26,338 km² ubutaka bukaba bwihariye 24,948 km² amazi agafata 1,390 km². Abaturage babarirwa hafi ya 11,533,446 (National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, 2016), ubwo rero ni abantu 438 kuri buri km², u Rwanda rubarirwa mu bihugu bituwe cyane kurusha ibindi muri Afurika. [[File:Rwanda Gitarama landscape.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] Imipaka n’ibihugu by’ibituranyi bikurikira ni 893 km: [[Burundi]] mu majyepfo (290km), [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba (217km), [[Uganda]] mu majyaruguru(169km) na [[Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] (217km). U Rwanda rufite ibihe by’imvura bibiri Itumba-kuva Gashyantare kugera muri Gicurasi, Umuhindi-kuva muri Nzeli kugera muri Mutarama. Mu misozi ibihe biri mu rugero hajya haba ubutita rimwe na rimwe hakaza n’urubura rw’imbonekarimwe. Igihugu gifite imiterere y’ubutaka itandukanye yiganjemo ibirunga mu majyaruguru kikaba gikikijwe [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|n’ikiyaga cya Kivu]] [[https://rw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiyaga_cya_Kivu]] mu burengerazuba. Parike National y’ibirunga iri mu birunga mu misozi miremire n’amashyamba biri mu majyaruguru, iyo pariki ifite ingangi zizwi cyane kw’isi nk'[[inyamaswa]] nini cyane zizwi ku kwita ku miryango yazo. Hari inyamaswa nini n’into, naho ikiyaga cya Kivu mu burengerazuba kikaba gifite umusenyi mwiza mu nkengero zacyo ku Kibuye, Kivu ikaba itatswe n’uturwa twinshi. Ahantu ha mbere haciye bugufi mu [[Rwanda]] ni mu kibaya cya Rusizi kikaba kiri ku butumburuke bwa metero 950 uhereye ku nyanja. Naho ahantu harehare cyane gusumba ahandi ni ikirunga cya Kalisimbi gifite ubutumburuke bwa metero 4,519. MUDASIRU Pariki Nasiyonali * [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] * [[Pariki y'Akagera]] * [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]][[File:Tour_du_Rwanda_2020.png|thumb|Tour du Rwanda 2020]] == Intara == Igihugu cy’[[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] kigabanyijemo intara 4 n’umujyi wa Kigali. Intara zigabanyijemo uturere, imijyi, imirenge n’utugari. Umujyi wa Kigali ugabanyijemo uturere 30, imirenge 416 n’utugari. Kugeza muri [[2005]], [[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] rwari rugabanyijemo intara cumi n’ebyiri (12) na Komini ijana na cumi n’esheshatu (116). Izi zari: Umujyi wa Kigali,9 intara ya Kigali Ngali,10 intara ya Gitarama,11 intara ya Butare,12 intara ya Gikongoro,13 [[intara ya Cyangugu]],14 intara ya Kibuye,15 intara ya Gisenyi,16 intara ya Ruhengeri,17 intara ya Byumba,18 intara y’Umutara,19 intara ya Kibungo. Ariko ibi byarahindutse kuva ku itariki ya [[1 Mutarama]] [[2006]]. Muri porogaramu yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage no kuvugurura ubutegetsi muri rusange mu gihugu, ubutegetsi bwite bwa leta bwagabanyijwe mu matsinda matoya [[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] 13rugabanywamo intara eshanu (5) zagabanyijwemo nazo [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|uturere]] mirongo itatu (30). Uturere natwo tugabanyijwemo imirenge Magana ane na cumi n’itandatu (416) n’[[utugali]] ibihumbi bibiri n’ijana mirongo ine n’umunani (2148). Igihugu cy’[[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] kigabanyijemo Intara enye ( 4) n’Umujyi wa Kigali. Amazina, umubare n’ibyicaro by’intara n’iby’Umujyi wa Kigali bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira: [[Dosiye:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|200px|<span style="color:grey;">Intara n’Uturere</span>]] {| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- bgcolor="#aaaaaa" |N° |Izina |Icyicaro |Akarere karimo icyicaro |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |1 |[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] |[[Kinihira]] |[[Akarere ka Rulindo]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |2 |[[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] |[[Busasamana]] |[[Akarere ka Nyanza]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |3 |[[Intara y'Uburasirazuba]] |[[Kigabiro]] |[[Akaere ka Rwamagana]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |4 |[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] |[[Bwishyura]] |[[Akarere ka Karongi]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |5 |[[Umujyi wa Kigali]] |[[Nyarugenge]] |[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] |} == [[Iyobokamana]] == [[Dosiye:RwamaganaChurch.jpg|thumb|left|100px|]] [[Abanyarwanda]] benshi ni abayoboke b'amadini 2 akomeye ariyo [[Ubukirisitu]] ([[Abagatolika]], [[Abaporoso]], [[Abapresibuteliyani]] n’[[abangilikani]]) n’[[ubuyislamu]], n'[[Abahamya ba Yehova]] [[Kiliziya]] cyane cyane [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] niyo yashinze imizi mu Rwanda. Abanyarwanda benshi ni abagatolika. Rero Kiliziya ifite uruhare runini mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Hari andi madini nayo y’abakirisitu mu Rwanda, ariko ntabwo akomeye nka Kiliziya Gatorika. Iri dini niryo rya mbere ryinjiye mu Rwanda riyobowe na Musenyeri Hirth wo mu muryango w’abapadiri bera 27 mu w’1900. Abapadiri bera bazanywe mu Rwanda n’abadage, bayobora icyo gihe bategekaga u Rwanda, u Burundi na Tanzaniya y’icyo gihe. Abadage barindaga abapadiri bera bizera ko naho bazashyigikira ubutegetsi bw’Abadage (irohat) mu Rwanda. Ibarura ry’abaturage rya 2002 ryagaragaje ko amadini ahagaze mu buryo bukurikira muri iki gihe: Abagatolika (49.5%), Abaporotesitanti bari mu madini atandukanye (27.2%), Abadivantisite (12.2%);Abahamya ba Yehova Andi madini ya gikirisito (4%), Abatagira idini (3.6%) N’Abayisilamu (1.8%), indi myemerere 1.7%. Iri barura riragaragaza ko 98.3% by abatuye u Rwanda biyemerera ko bafite idini babarizwamo. Ibi biratwereka ko amadini ari rumwe mu nzego z’imiyoborere ihuza abantu benshi kuko amenshi muri ayo madini atandukanye cyane n’idini gakondo kuko yo ahuza abayoboke bayo kandi akabaha gahunda y’imitekerereze ndetse n’imyitwarire. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda]] == [[Dosiye:Secretary Kerry and Rwandan President Kagame Pose for A Photo With Rwandan Foreign Minister Musikiwabo and U.S. Ambassador Barks-Ruggles in Kigali (30326383225).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|KAGAME PAUL perezida wa repubulika y' u Rwanda. (uwa kabiri uhereye iburyo )]] [[Ibendera]] ry’Igihugu rigizwe n’amabara atatu: icyatsi kibisi, umuhondo, n’ubururu. == [[Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] == Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bugizwe ahanini n’ubuhinzi abenshi mu bahinzi batunzwe n’ibyo bahinga. Ubukungu bukaba buhura n’icyibazo cy’uko abantu ari benshi kurusha ubutaka buhari. Kuba u Rwanda rudakora ku nyanjya bikaba byongera ibyo bibazo kubera ko bituma igihugu kitagera ku masoko mpuzamahanga cyangwa kibagerayo bigoranye. Ibihingwa ngengabukungu bya mbere ni [[ikawa]], [[icyayi]] n’ibireti. Ibi n’ibyamasoko mpuzamahanga. Mu gihugu, ibihingwa bihaboneka muri byo ni ibitoki, imyumbati, amasaka, [[imboga]], n’ibirayi. Ariko ntibihagije ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda ibindi bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ibindi byongera ku ntungamubiri ku banyarwanda ni amatungo- [[inka]], ihene n’intama.<ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006]</ref> '''AHO U RWANDA RUGEZE MU ITERAMBERE''' Iterambere ry' u Rwanda rireberwa mu bihe bibiri bitandukanye; hagati 1962 na 1994 ndetse n'igihe cy'imyaka 30 kiri hagati 1995 na 2025. Kuva ku gusabiriza kugera ku bukungu bugabye amashami: Mu 1989, u Rwanda rwohereje mu mahanga amabuye y'agaciro yinjije amadovize angana na miliyoni 2.5, ariko mu 2023, u Rwanda rwakubye uyu musaruro inshuro amagana, aho rwinjije amadovize miliyari 1.1 y'amadolari. Iterambere nk'iri rigaragaza ko [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] bwagabye amashami. Mu byerekeye u burezi, mbere abasozaga amashuri ya kaminuza bari ku kigero cyo hasi aho mu 1994 abasoje kaminuza bari 2870 ariko mu 2022 uwo mubare wikubye inshuro magana ugera ku 431,606. Mu busanzwe, iyo igihugu kidafite uburyo bunoze bwo kugenderana haba mu gihugu mu imbere cyangwa no hanze y'igihugu bidindiza iterambere ry'igihugu.Mu 1993, u Rwanda rwari rufite ibirometero 530 by’imihanda ya kaburimbo. Uyu munsi, imihanda ya kaburimbo yariyongereye igera ku birometero 2,652 ibi bikaba byoroshya ubuhahirane n'iterambere. Kuva kera kugera mu myaka ya 1994, ubuvuzi mu Rwanda bwari ku kigero cyo hasi aho 2.6% ari bo bari bafite ubwishingizi mu kwivuza. Ibi bisobanuye ko iyo umuntu yagiraga uburwayi bukomeye yashoboraga gukira agasiga umuryango we mu bukene bukabije cyangwa n'ubuvuzi ntabubonere igihe bikaba byatuma abura ubuzima. Uyu munsi , Abanyarwanda 97.3% bafite ubwishingizi mu kwivuza bisobanuye ko ntawe ugihura n'ingaruka nk'izavuzwe haruguru.Kuba serivisi z'ubuvuzi zariyongereye ndetswe zikegerezwa abaturage bisobanuye ubuzima buzira umuze n'icyizere kirambye cy'ubuzima bw'ejo hazaza.<ref>Raporo z’Ikigega cy’Isi cy’Imari</ref> == Amashyaka ya Politiki == [[Dosiye:Kagame.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Paul Kagame</span>]] U Rwanda ni igihugu kigendera kuri [[demokarasi]] y’amashyaka menshi. Amashyaka ya politike mu gihugu n’abayayobora ni aya: [[Parti Démocratique Chrétien]] (PDC) iyobowe na [[Alfred Mukezamfura]] ; [[Parti Social Démocratique]] (PSD) iyobowe na [[Vincent Biruta]] ; [[Union Démocratique du Peuple Rwandais]] (UDPR) iyobowe na [[Adrien Rangira]] ; [[Mouvement Démocratique Républicain]] (MDR) yasheshwe ikaba yarayoborwaga na [[Kabanda Célestin]] ; [[Parti Démocratique Islamique]] (PDI) iyobowe na [[André Bumaya]] ; [[Parti Libéral]] (PL) iyobowe na [[Prosper Higiro]] ; na [[Front Patriotique Rwandais]] (FPR) iyobowe na [[Paul Kagame]]. Hari n’andi mashyaka yahagaritswe kubera ko atemewe n’amategekop. Ayo ni [[Parti Socialiste Rwandais]] (PSR), na [[Parti pour le Progres et la Concorde]] (PPC) na Parti pour le Renouveau Démocratique === Amashyaka yo mu wa 1959 === Ayo mashyaka ari ukubiri: hari ayo bamwe bita "partis nationaux", ni ukuvuga amashyaka yari afite abayoboke benshi, yari asakaye mu gihugu cyangwa mu duce tunini, akagira n'uburyo bugaragara bwo kwamamaza ibitekerezo byayo n'abayobozi batwaye bagaragara. Tuvuge ayo mashyaka ayo ari yo n'igihe yavukiye: <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/2529.pdf |title=Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda, Kigali, Kanama 1999 |access-date=2010-12-24 |archive-date=2010-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704012542/http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/2529.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> :1. '''APROSOMA''' [[Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse]] 15/02/1959 :2. '''UNAR''' [[Union Nationale Rwandaise]] 13/09/1959 :3. '''RADER''' [[Rassemblement Democratique Rwandaise]] 14/09/1959 :4. '''PARMEHUTU''' [[Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation des Bahutu]] 09/10/1959 Hari n'andi mashyaka akabakaba makumyabiri ataragize uburemere byayo tumaze kuvuga. Ndetse urebye neza, amwe n'amwe muri ayo mashyaka mato yegamiye ayo ane manini. Ayo mashyaka matoya ni aya: :1) '''ABAKI''' [[Alliance des Bakiga]] :2) '''ABESC''' [[Association des Bahutu evuluant pour la suppression des castes]] :3) '''ACR''' [[Association des Cultivateurs du Rwanda]] :4) '''APADEC''' [[Association du Parti Democrate Chretien]] :5) '''APROCOMIN''' [[Association des Commerçants Indigenes]] :6) '''AREDETWA''' [[Association pour le Relevement Democratique des Batwa]] :7) '''ARUCO''' [[Alliance du Ruanda - Urundi et du Congo]] :8) '''ASSERU''' [[Association des Eleveurs du Rwanda]] :9) '''MOMOR''' [[Mouvement Monarchiste Rwandais]] :10) '''MUR''' [[Mouvement pour 1'Union Rwandaise]] :11) '''PAMOPRO''' [[Parti Monarchiste Progressiste]] :12) '''PSCR''' [[Parti Social Chrétien du Rwanda]] :13) '''UAARU''' [[Union des Aborozi Africains du Rwanda]] :14) '''UMAR''' [[Union des Masses Rwandaises]] :15) '''UNAFREUROP''' [[Union Afro-Europeenne]] :16) '''UNINTERCOKI''' [[Union des Intérêts Communs du Kinyaga]] == == * [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki y’Amajyamabere y’u Rwanda]] (BRD) * [[Ofisi y’Ubukerarugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali mu Rwanda]] (ORTPN) * [[Perezidansi ya Repubulika]] * [[Ibiro Bikuru by’Ishoramari rya Leta n’Inkunga Ituruka Hanze y’Igihugu]] (CEPEX) * [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Ishoramari n'Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Mahanga]] (RIEPA) * [[Urugaga Nyarwanda rw’Abikorera ku Giti cyabo]] (RPSF) [[Dosiye:I&M Bank Rwanda plc logo.png|thumb|BANKI Y' UBUCURUZI MU RWANDA]] == Amabanki == * Banque de Kigali (BK) * Banque Rwandaise de Développement (BRD) * I&M bank Rwanda * Compagnie Générale de Banque (COGEBANQUE) * Banque Commerciale du Rwanda (BCR) * Ecobank Rwanda * Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda (BHR) * Banque Populaire du Rwanda (BPR) * Urwego Opportunity Microfinance Bank (UOMB) * BANCOR SA * Banque Populaire du Rwanda SA *[[Kenya]] commercial bank (KCB) *Equity bank *Urwego Opportunity Bank(UOB) *Zigama CSS *Co-operative Bank Rwanda == Sosiyete Sivile mu Rwanda == [[File:OLPC classroom teaching.JPG|thumbnail|[[:en:One Laptop per Child|OLPC]] classroom teaching]] Iki gice kiraganira kuri sosiyete sivile yo mu Rwanda, ariko irashimangira ku mateka yayo, uko iteye, n’amashami yayo aba mu Rwanda. Iki gice kiranagaragaza imibereho ya sosiyete sivile, imigenderane ifitanye na leta y'u Rwanda ndetse n’abaterenkunga, ingorane ihura nazo. Iki gice kandi kiranagaragaza imbogamizi uwo muryango uhura nazo. Urebye ibibazo uyu muryango uhura nabyo mu byerekeye kumvisha akamaro kawo, ni umuryango w’ubukorerabushake ufata umwanya hagati y’umuryango nyarwanda na leta. Hari amashyirahamwe atandukanye yigenga, yashizweho n’abantu ku giti cyabo kugira ngo babungabunge amahame n’imico yabo. Ubundi inshingano z’uwo muryango ni kuwinjizamwo imiryango y’abakozi bo mu nzego zose, baba abunganira (avocats), za kiriziya, koperative, amashyirahamwe y’abana n’abagore n’andi mashyirahamwe ashinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage. <ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006] </ref> * [[Kituo Cha Katiba]] * [[Avega Agahozo]] * [[Haguruka]] == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.presidency.gov.rw/ * http://www.livinginkigali.com * https://web.archive.org/web/20230113062710/https://discover.rw/ {{Afurika}} {{commons|category:Rwanda}} [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Afurika]] 9gaeqwqrn7mf6tujahyoicolh8foswm 130712 130711 2026-04-21T20:51:23Z Niyigaba.05 17909 130712 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Repubulika y'u Rwanda<br />Republic of Rwanda<br />République du Rwanda<br />Jamhuri ya Rwanda'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda</span>]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Rwanda</span>]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Rwanda (orthographic projection with locator).svg|300px]] |} = U Rwanda = '''[[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]]''' ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba, mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. Umurwa mukuru ni '''Kigali'''. [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] n'igihugu gifite ubuso bwa km² 26,338, rukaba rutuwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 14 (2024). U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubucucike bw’abaturage buri hejuru muri Afurika.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=abaturage+b%27u+Rwanda&oq=abaturage+b%27u+Rwanda&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIICAEQABgWGB4yCggCEAAYogQYiQUyBwgDEAAY7wUyBwgEEAAY7wUyBwgFEAAY7wUyBwgGEAAY7wXSAQkxNjcxN2owajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> == Imiterere n’Imipaka == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] ntirukora ku nyanja. ruhana imbibi na: * '''Burundi''' mu majyepfo, * '''Tanzaniya''' mu burasirazuba, * '''Uganda''' mu majyaruguru, * '''Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo''' mu burengerazuba. Igihugu gifite ibirunga, ibiyaga (nk’ikiyaga cya Kivu, Rweru, Ruhondo, Muhazi,...) n’imigezi myinshi, imwe muri yo ikaba ari inkomoko y’uruzi rwa Nil. umusozi muremure kurusha indi ni '''Kalisimbi''' ifite ubutumburuke bwa (m 4,519), naho hato ni '''Rusizi Valley''' (m 950).<ref> '''Amakuru rusange''' U Rwanda ruherereye muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba, mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. Umurwa mukuru ni Kigali. Abaturage barenga miliyoni 14 (2024). '''Imiterere n’imipaka''' Ubuso: km² 26,338. Gihana imbibi na: Uganda, Tanzaniya, Burundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ahantu harehare ni Kalisimbi (m 4,519), ahato Rusizi Valley (m 950). '''Ubuyobozi n’imiterere y’igihugu''' Repubulika iyoborwa na Perezida. Intara 4 n’Umujyi wa Kigali, bigabanyijemo uturere 30. Itegeko nshinga ryatowe mu 2003. '''Indimi''' Ikinyarwanda, Icyongereza, Igifaransa, Igiswayire. '''Ibimenyetso by’igihugu''' Ibendera: ubururu, umuhondo, icyatsi. Intego: Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu. Indirimbo: ''Rwanda Nziza''. '''Ubukungu''' Ubuhinzi: ikawa, icyayi, ibitoki, imyumbati, ibirayi. Amatungo: inka, ihene, intama. '''Ubukerarugendo''' Pariki y’Akagera, Pariki ya Nyungwe, Pariki y’Ibirunga. Inyamaswa n’umuco w’Abanyarwanda. '''Idini''' Abakirisitu (Gatolika, Angilikani, Abaporotesitanti), Abayisilamu n’amadini mato.</ref> == Ubuyobozi == U Rwanda ni '''Repubulika''' iyoborwa na Perezida utorwa n'abaturage binyuze mu matora . Ubuyobozi bugendera ku '''itegeko nshinga ryatowe mu 2003'''. Igihugu kigizwe n’'''intara enye (4)''' n’'''Umujyi wa Kigali.''' Igihugu cy' u Rwanda kigizwe n'uturere mirongo itatu (30 districts) n'imirenge maganane na cumi n'itandatu n'utugari ibihumbi bibiri n'ijana na mirongo ine n'umunani (2148) n'imidugudu ibihumbi icumi na bine maganinani mirongo itatu n'irindwi (14837).<ref>https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/en/intara-1/uturere</ref> == Ururimi == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] nk'igihugu , abaturage b'[[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] bakoresha ururimi rumwe ari rwo rubaranga, rukabahuza kandi rukabaranga aho bari hose.Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda hemewe gukoreshwa indimi zitandukanye z'amahanga ariko ku isonga haza: * '''Ikinyarwanda''' (ururimi gakondo), * '''Icyongereza''', * '''Igifaransa''', * '''Igiswayire'''. == Ibimenyetso by’Igihugu == Nk'igihugu kigendera ku mahame ya demokarasi, u Rwanda rufite ibirango bitatu biruranga aho ruzwi hose mu ruhando rw'ibindi bihugu.Ibyo birango ( ibimenyetso) ni ibi bikurikira:<ref>https://x.com/lyvine_rwanda/status/1854124418471256089</ref> * '''Ibendera''': Ibendera ry' u Rwanda rigaragara mu mabara atatu avugwa uhereye hejuru ugana hasi: '''ubururu, umuhondo, icyatsikibisi'''. Ibendera ry' u Rwanda rifite ishusho y'izuba mu ibara ry'ubururu iryo zuba rigizwe n'imirasire ya zahabu makumyabiri n'ine isobanura urumuri rumurikira abanyarwanda, abaturarwanda n'inshuti zarwo. ibi kand bisobanura gukorera hamwe nta vangura mu banyarwanda no kurwanya ubujiji. Ibara ry'ubururu risobanura Amahoro n'umutekano urambye by'abanyarwanda.Ibara ry'umuhondo risobanura iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imbaraga biturutse ku banyarwanda. Ibara ry'icyatsikibisi risobanura icyizere kirambye cy'abanyarwanda. * * '''Ikirangantego''': Mu kirangantego cy'u Rwanda habonekamo amagambo akurikira: Ubumwe, '''Ubumwe,umurimo, no gukunda ukunda igihugu'''. * * '''Indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu''': Indirimbo yubahiriza cy'u yitwa ''Rwanda Nziza''.Iyi ndirimbo ikaba igizwe n'ibitero cyangwa ibika bine. == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bushingiye ku '''buhinzi''', cyane cyane ikawa n’icyayi. Ibindi bihingwa ni ibitoki, imyumbati, amasaka n’ibirayi. Amatungo (inka, [[ihene]], intama) na yo ni ingenzi mu mibereho y’abaturage. == Ubukerarugendo == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] rwamenyekanye cyane ku '''bukerarugendo bushingiye ku nyamaswa n’umurage w’umuco'''. Pariki zikomeye ni: * Pariki y’Ibirunga, * [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]], * [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y’Akagera.]] == Idini == Abaturage benshi ni '''abakirisitu''' (Gatolika, Angilikani, Abaporotesitanti), hakiyongeraho Abayisilamu n’amadini mato atandukanye.[[Dosiye:View from Virunga Lodge in Rwanda of Mount Muhavura.jpg|thumb|281x281px|Uku niko urwanda rugaragara uri mumisozi.]] [[File:Rwanda (rw) pronunciation.ogg|thumb|Rwanda (rw) pronunciation]] [[Dosiye:Kigali Arena|thumb|Aho u Rwanda rugeze mu iterambere]] [[Umuceli|U]] '''[[Rwanda]]''' ni [[igihugu]] giherereye muri [[Afurika]] y'uburengerazuba mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, munsi y'umurongo wa Koma y'isi. [[Dosiye:Communes_of_Rwanda_in_1994.svg|thumb|Intara n'Uture muri 1994]] [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Rwanda witwa [[Kigali]]. Iki gihugu gikunze kwitwa icy'imisozi igihumbi gikoresha indimi enye: [[Ikinyarwanda]], [[Icyongereza]], [[Igifaransa]] n'[[igiswahili|Igiswayire]]. Ururimi gakondo rw'Abanyarwanda ni Ikinyarwanda. Ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda burigenga, ubuyobozi bufite intego igamije guteza imbere abaturage, kandi imiyoborere y'igihugu ntabwo ishingiye ku idini. [[Ibirango by’igihugu]] cy’u [[Rwanda]] ni [[ibendera|i]]<nowiki/>nkingi, ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko z' ubuyobozi, intego n’indirimbo y’Igihugu. [[Intego ya Repubulika|Intego y'Umutegetsi]] ni [[Ubumwe]], [[Umurimo]], [[Gukunda Igihugu]]. [[Indirimbo y’Igihugu]] ni [[Rwanda Nziza]].U [[Rwanda]] rugizwe n' uturere 30, intara 5, n'imirenge 416. U Rwanda kandi rufite abaturage million zisaga14 z'abaturage. == [[Amateka]] == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] ruri mu bihugu 10 bya mbere bikungahaye k'ubukerarugendo bushingiye k'umuco n'umurage Ndangamateka. == "Ubumenyi bw'isi" == [[File:Map of Rwanda.png|300px|Map of Rwanda]] Ni igihugu kidakora ku nyanja, kiri muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba mu karere bita ak’ibiyaga bigari. [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] rufite [[Ikirunga|ibirunga]] bitanu, ibiyaga makumyabiri na bitatu n’imigezi myinshi, imwe akaba ariyo soko y’uruzi rwa [[Nili|Nil.]] U Rwanda rufite ubuso bwa 26,338 km² ubutaka bukaba bwihariye 24,948 km² amazi agafata 1,390 km². Abaturage babarirwa hafi ya 11,533,446 (National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, 2016), ubwo rero ni abantu 438 kuri buri km², u Rwanda rubarirwa mu bihugu bituwe cyane kurusha ibindi muri Afurika. [[File:Rwanda Gitarama landscape.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] Imipaka n’ibihugu by’ibituranyi bikurikira ni 893 km: [[Burundi]] mu majyepfo (290km), [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba (217km), [[Uganda]] mu majyaruguru(169km) na [[Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] (217km). U Rwanda rufite ibihe by’imvura bibiri Itumba-kuva Gashyantare kugera muri Gicurasi, Umuhindi-kuva muri Nzeli kugera muri Mutarama. Mu misozi ibihe biri mu rugero hajya haba ubutita rimwe na rimwe hakaza n’urubura rw’imbonekarimwe. Igihugu gifite imiterere y’ubutaka itandukanye yiganjemo ibirunga mu majyaruguru kikaba gikikijwe [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|n’ikiyaga cya Kivu]] [[https://rw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiyaga_cya_Kivu]] mu burengerazuba. Parike National y’ibirunga iri mu birunga mu misozi miremire n’amashyamba biri mu majyaruguru, iyo pariki ifite ingangi zizwi cyane kw’isi nk'[[inyamaswa]] nini cyane zizwi ku kwita ku miryango yazo. Hari inyamaswa nini n’into, naho ikiyaga cya Kivu mu burengerazuba kikaba gifite umusenyi mwiza mu nkengero zacyo ku Kibuye, Kivu ikaba itatswe n’uturwa twinshi. Ahantu ha mbere haciye bugufi mu [[Rwanda]] ni mu kibaya cya Rusizi kikaba kiri ku butumburuke bwa metero 950 uhereye ku nyanja. Naho ahantu harehare cyane gusumba ahandi ni ikirunga cya Kalisimbi gifite ubutumburuke bwa metero 4,519. MUDASIRU Pariki Nasiyonali * [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] * [[Pariki y'Akagera]] * [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]][[File:Tour_du_Rwanda_2020.png|thumb|Tour du Rwanda 2020]] == Intara == Igihugu cy’[[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] kigabanyijemo intara 4 n’umujyi wa Kigali. Intara zigabanyijemo uturere, imijyi, imirenge n’utugari. Umujyi wa Kigali ugabanyijemo uturere 30, imirenge 416 n’utugari. Kugeza muri [[2005]], [[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] rwari rugabanyijemo intara cumi n’ebyiri (12) na Komini ijana na cumi n’esheshatu (116). Izi zari: Umujyi wa Kigali,9 intara ya Kigali Ngali,10 intara ya Gitarama,11 intara ya Butare,12 intara ya Gikongoro,13 [[intara ya Cyangugu]],14 intara ya Kibuye,15 intara ya Gisenyi,16 intara ya Ruhengeri,17 intara ya Byumba,18 intara y’Umutara,19 intara ya Kibungo. Ariko ibi byarahindutse kuva ku itariki ya [[1 Mutarama]] [[2006]]. Muri porogaramu yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage no kuvugurura ubutegetsi muri rusange mu gihugu, ubutegetsi bwite bwa leta bwagabanyijwe mu matsinda matoya [[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] 13rugabanywamo intara eshanu (5) zagabanyijwemo nazo [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|uturere]] mirongo itatu (30). Uturere natwo tugabanyijwemo imirenge Magana ane na cumi n’itandatu (416) n’[[utugali]] ibihumbi bibiri n’ijana mirongo ine n’umunani (2148). Igihugu cy’[[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] kigabanyijemo Intara enye ( 4) n’Umujyi wa Kigali. Amazina, umubare n’ibyicaro by’intara n’iby’Umujyi wa Kigali bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira: [[Dosiye:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|200px|<span style="color:grey;">Intara n’Uturere</span>]] {| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- bgcolor="#aaaaaa" |N° |Izina |Icyicaro |Akarere karimo icyicaro |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |1 |[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] |[[Kinihira]] |[[Akarere ka Rulindo]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |2 |[[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] |[[Busasamana]] |[[Akarere ka Nyanza]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |3 |[[Intara y'Uburasirazuba]] |[[Kigabiro]] |[[Akaere ka Rwamagana]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |4 |[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] |[[Bwishyura]] |[[Akarere ka Karongi]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |5 |[[Umujyi wa Kigali]] |[[Nyarugenge]] |[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] |} == [[Iyobokamana]] == [[Dosiye:RwamaganaChurch.jpg|thumb|left|100px|]] [[Abanyarwanda]] benshi ni abayoboke b'amadini 2 akomeye ariyo [[Ubukirisitu]] ([[Abagatolika]], [[Abaporoso]], [[Abapresibuteliyani]] n’[[abangilikani]]) n’[[ubuyislamu]], n'[[Abahamya ba Yehova]] [[Kiliziya]] cyane cyane [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] niyo yashinze imizi mu Rwanda. Abanyarwanda benshi ni abagatolika. Rero Kiliziya ifite uruhare runini mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Hari andi madini nayo y’abakirisitu mu Rwanda, ariko ntabwo akomeye nka Kiliziya Gatorika. Iri dini niryo rya mbere ryinjiye mu Rwanda riyobowe na Musenyeri Hirth wo mu muryango w’abapadiri bera 27 mu w’1900. Abapadiri bera bazanywe mu Rwanda n’abadage, bayobora icyo gihe bategekaga u Rwanda, u Burundi na Tanzaniya y’icyo gihe. Abadage barindaga abapadiri bera bizera ko naho bazashyigikira ubutegetsi bw’Abadage (irohat) mu Rwanda. Ibarura ry’abaturage rya 2002 ryagaragaje ko amadini ahagaze mu buryo bukurikira muri iki gihe: Abagatolika (49.5%), Abaporotesitanti bari mu madini atandukanye (27.2%), Abadivantisite (12.2%);Abahamya ba Yehova Andi madini ya gikirisito (4%), Abatagira idini (3.6%) N’Abayisilamu (1.8%), indi myemerere 1.7%. Iri barura riragaragaza ko 98.3% by abatuye u Rwanda biyemerera ko bafite idini babarizwamo. Ibi biratwereka ko amadini ari rumwe mu nzego z’imiyoborere ihuza abantu benshi kuko amenshi muri ayo madini atandukanye cyane n’idini gakondo kuko yo ahuza abayoboke bayo kandi akabaha gahunda y’imitekerereze ndetse n’imyitwarire. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda]] == [[Dosiye:Secretary Kerry and Rwandan President Kagame Pose for A Photo With Rwandan Foreign Minister Musikiwabo and U.S. Ambassador Barks-Ruggles in Kigali (30326383225).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|KAGAME PAUL perezida wa repubulika y' u Rwanda. (uwa kabiri uhereye iburyo )]] [[Ibendera]] ry’Igihugu rigizwe n’amabara atatu: icyatsi kibisi, umuhondo, n’ubururu. == [[Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] == Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bugizwe ahanini n’ubuhinzi abenshi mu bahinzi batunzwe n’ibyo bahinga. Ubukungu bukaba buhura n’icyibazo cy’uko abantu ari benshi kurusha ubutaka buhari. Kuba u Rwanda rudakora ku nyanjya bikaba byongera ibyo bibazo kubera ko bituma igihugu kitagera ku masoko mpuzamahanga cyangwa kibagerayo bigoranye. Ibihingwa ngengabukungu bya mbere ni [[ikawa]], [[icyayi]] n’ibireti. Ibi n’ibyamasoko mpuzamahanga. Mu gihugu, ibihingwa bihaboneka muri byo ni ibitoki, imyumbati, amasaka, [[imboga]], n’ibirayi. Ariko ntibihagije ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda ibindi bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ibindi byongera ku ntungamubiri ku banyarwanda ni amatungo- [[inka]], ihene n’intama.<ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006]</ref> '''AHO U RWANDA RUGEZE MU ITERAMBERE''' Iterambere ry' u Rwanda rireberwa mu bihe bibiri bitandukanye; hagati 1962 na 1994 ndetse n'igihe cy'imyaka 30 kiri hagati 1995 na 2025. Kuva ku gusabiriza kugera ku bukungu bugabye amashami: Mu 1989, u Rwanda rwohereje mu mahanga amabuye y'agaciro yinjije amadovize angana na miliyoni 2.5, ariko mu 2023, u Rwanda rwakubye uyu musaruro inshuro amagana, aho rwinjije amadovize miliyari 1.1 y'amadolari. Iterambere nk'iri rigaragaza ko [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] bwagabye amashami. Mu byerekeye u burezi, mbere abasozaga amashuri ya kaminuza bari ku kigero cyo hasi aho mu 1994 abasoje kaminuza bari 2870 ariko mu 2022 uwo mubare wikubye inshuro magana ugera ku 431,606. Mu busanzwe, iyo igihugu kidafite uburyo bunoze bwo kugenderana haba mu gihugu mu imbere cyangwa no hanze y'igihugu bidindiza iterambere ry'igihugu.Mu 1993, u Rwanda rwari rufite ibirometero 530 by’imihanda ya kaburimbo. Uyu munsi, imihanda ya kaburimbo yariyongereye igera ku birometero 2,652 ibi bikaba byoroshya ubuhahirane n'iterambere. Kuva kera kugera mu myaka ya 1994, ubuvuzi mu Rwanda bwari ku kigero cyo hasi aho 2.6% ari bo bari bafite ubwishingizi mu kwivuza. Ibi bisobanuye ko iyo umuntu yagiraga uburwayi bukomeye yashoboraga gukira agasiga umuryango we mu bukene bukabije cyangwa n'ubuvuzi ntabubonere igihe bikaba byatuma abura ubuzima. Uyu munsi , Abanyarwanda 97.3% bafite ubwishingizi mu kwivuza bisobanuye ko ntawe ugihura n'ingaruka nk'izavuzwe haruguru.Kuba serivisi z'ubuvuzi zariyongereye ndetswe zikegerezwa abaturage bisobanuye ubuzima buzira umuze n'icyizere kirambye cy'ubuzima bw'ejo hazaza.<ref>Raporo z’Ikigega cy’Isi cy’Imari</ref> == Amashyaka ya Politiki == [[Dosiye:Kagame.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Paul Kagame</span>]] U Rwanda ni igihugu kigendera kuri [[demokarasi]] y’amashyaka menshi. Amashyaka ya politike mu gihugu n’abayayobora ni aya: [[Parti Démocratique Chrétien]] (PDC) iyobowe na [[Alfred Mukezamfura]] ; [[Parti Social Démocratique]] (PSD) iyobowe na [[Vincent Biruta]] ; [[Union Démocratique du Peuple Rwandais]] (UDPR) iyobowe na [[Adrien Rangira]] ; [[Mouvement Démocratique Républicain]] (MDR) yasheshwe ikaba yarayoborwaga na [[Kabanda Célestin]] ; [[Parti Démocratique Islamique]] (PDI) iyobowe na [[André Bumaya]] ; [[Parti Libéral]] (PL) iyobowe na [[Prosper Higiro]] ; na [[Front Patriotique Rwandais]] (FPR) iyobowe na [[Paul Kagame]]. Hari n’andi mashyaka yahagaritswe kubera ko atemewe n’amategekop. Ayo ni [[Parti Socialiste Rwandais]] (PSR), na [[Parti pour le Progres et la Concorde]] (PPC) na Parti pour le Renouveau Démocratique === Amashyaka yo mu wa 1959 === Ayo mashyaka ari ukubiri: hari ayo bamwe bita "partis nationaux", ni ukuvuga amashyaka yari afite abayoboke benshi, yari asakaye mu gihugu cyangwa mu duce tunini, akagira n'uburyo bugaragara bwo kwamamaza ibitekerezo byayo n'abayobozi batwaye bagaragara. Tuvuge ayo mashyaka ayo ari yo n'igihe yavukiye: <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/2529.pdf |title=Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda, Kigali, Kanama 1999 |access-date=2010-12-24 |archive-date=2010-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704012542/http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/2529.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> :1. '''APROSOMA''' [[Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse]] 15/02/1959 :2. '''UNAR''' [[Union Nationale Rwandaise]] 13/09/1959 :3. '''RADER''' [[Rassemblement Democratique Rwandaise]] 14/09/1959 :4. '''PARMEHUTU''' [[Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation des Bahutu]] 09/10/1959 Hari n'andi mashyaka akabakaba makumyabiri ataragize uburemere byayo tumaze kuvuga. Ndetse urebye neza, amwe n'amwe muri ayo mashyaka mato yegamiye ayo ane manini. Ayo mashyaka matoya ni aya: :1) '''ABAKI''' [[Alliance des Bakiga]] :2) '''ABESC''' [[Association des Bahutu evuluant pour la suppression des castes]] :3) '''ACR''' [[Association des Cultivateurs du Rwanda]] :4) '''APADEC''' [[Association du Parti Democrate Chretien]] :5) '''APROCOMIN''' [[Association des Commerçants Indigenes]] :6) '''AREDETWA''' [[Association pour le Relevement Democratique des Batwa]] :7) '''ARUCO''' [[Alliance du Ruanda - Urundi et du Congo]] :8) '''ASSERU''' [[Association des Eleveurs du Rwanda]] :9) '''MOMOR''' [[Mouvement Monarchiste Rwandais]] :10) '''MUR''' [[Mouvement pour 1'Union Rwandaise]] :11) '''PAMOPRO''' [[Parti Monarchiste Progressiste]] :12) '''PSCR''' [[Parti Social Chrétien du Rwanda]] :13) '''UAARU''' [[Union des Aborozi Africains du Rwanda]] :14) '''UMAR''' [[Union des Masses Rwandaises]] :15) '''UNAFREUROP''' [[Union Afro-Europeenne]] :16) '''UNINTERCOKI''' [[Union des Intérêts Communs du Kinyaga]] == == * [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki y’Amajyamabere y’u Rwanda]] (BRD) * [[Ofisi y’Ubukerarugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali mu Rwanda]] (ORTPN) * [[Perezidansi ya Repubulika]] * [[Ibiro Bikuru by’Ishoramari rya Leta n’Inkunga Ituruka Hanze y’Igihugu]] (CEPEX) * [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Ishoramari n'Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Mahanga]] (RIEPA) * [[Urugaga Nyarwanda rw’Abikorera ku Giti cyabo]] (RPSF) [[Dosiye:I&M Bank Rwanda plc logo.png|thumb|BANKI Y' UBUCURUZI MU RWANDA]] == Amabanki == * Banque de Kigali (BK) * Banque Rwandaise de Développement (BRD) * I&M bank Rwanda * Compagnie Générale de Banque (COGEBANQUE) * Banque Commerciale du Rwanda (BCR) * Ecobank Rwanda * Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda (BHR) * Banque Populaire du Rwanda (BPR) * Urwego Opportunity Microfinance Bank (UOMB) * BANCOR SA * Banque Populaire du Rwanda SA *[[Kenya]] commercial bank (KCB) *Equity bank *Urwego Opportunity Bank(UOB) *Zigama CSS *Co-operative Bank Rwanda == Sosiyete Sivile mu Rwanda == [[File:OLPC classroom teaching.JPG|thumbnail|[[:en:One Laptop per Child|OLPC]] classroom teaching]] Iki gice kiraganira kuri sosiyete sivile yo mu Rwanda, ariko irashimangira ku mateka yayo, uko iteye, n’amashami yayo aba mu Rwanda. Iki gice kiranagaragaza imibereho ya sosiyete sivile, imigenderane ifitanye na leta y'u Rwanda ndetse n’abaterenkunga, ingorane ihura nazo. Iki gice kandi kiranagaragaza imbogamizi uwo muryango uhura nazo. Urebye ibibazo uyu muryango uhura nabyo mu byerekeye kumvisha akamaro kawo, ni umuryango w’ubukorerabushake ufata umwanya hagati y’umuryango nyarwanda na leta. Hari amashyirahamwe atandukanye yigenga, yashizweho n’abantu ku giti cyabo kugira ngo babungabunge amahame n’imico yabo. Ubundi inshingano z’uwo muryango ni kuwinjizamwo imiryango y’abakozi bo mu nzego zose, baba abunganira (avocats), za kiriziya, koperative, amashyirahamwe y’abana n’abagore n’andi mashyirahamwe ashinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage. <ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006] </ref> * [[Kituo Cha Katiba]] * [[Avega Agahozo]] * [[Haguruka]] == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.presidency.gov.rw/ * http://www.livinginkigali.com * https://web.archive.org/web/20230113062710/https://discover.rw/ {{Afurika}} {{commons|category:Rwanda}} [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Afurika]] kjg7sz4huzzqjpdo31yx49gzzv22h36 130713 130712 2026-04-21T20:52:09Z Niyigaba.05 17909 130713 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Repubulika y'u Rwanda<br />Republic of Rwanda<br />République du Rwanda<br />Jamhuri ya Rwanda'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda</span>]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Rwanda</span>]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Rwanda (orthographic projection with locator).svg|300px]] |} = U Rwanda = '''[[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]]''' ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba, mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. Umurwa mukuru ni '''Kigali'''. [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] n'igihugu gifite ubuso bwa km² 26,338, rukaba rutuwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 14 (2024). U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubucucike bw’abaturage buri hejuru muri Afurika.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=abaturage+b%27u+Rwanda&oq=abaturage+b%27u+Rwanda&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIICAEQABgWGB4yCggCEAAYogQYiQUyBwgDEAAY7wUyBwgEEAAY7wUyBwgFEAAY7wUyBwgGEAAY7wXSAQkxNjcxN2owajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> == Imiterere n’Imipaka == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] ntirukora ku nyanja. ruhana imbibi na: * '''Burundi''' mu majyepfo, * '''Tanzaniya''' mu burasirazuba, * '''Uganda''' mu majyaruguru, * '''Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo''' mu burengerazuba. Igihugu gifite ibirunga, ibiyaga (nk’ikiyaga cya Kivu, Rweru, Ruhondo, Muhazi,...) n’imigezi myinshi, imwe muri yo ikaba ari inkomoko y’uruzi rwa Nil. umusozi muremure kurusha indi ni '''Kalisimbi''' ifite ubutumburuke bwa (m 4,519), naho hato ni '''Rusizi Valley''' (m 950).<ref> '''Amakuru rusange''' U Rwanda ruherereye muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba, mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. Umurwa mukuru ni Kigali. Abaturage barenga miliyoni 14 (2024). '''Imiterere n’imipaka''' Ubuso: km² 26,338. Gihana imbibi na: Uganda, Tanzaniya, Burundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ahantu harehare ni Kalisimbi (m 4,519), ahato Rusizi Valley (m 950). '''Ubuyobozi n’imiterere y’igihugu''' Repubulika iyoborwa na Perezida. Intara 4 n’Umujyi wa Kigali, bigabanyijemo uturere 30. Itegeko nshinga ryatowe mu 2003. '''Indimi''' Ikinyarwanda, Icyongereza, Igifaransa, Igiswayire. '''Ibimenyetso by’igihugu''' Ibendera: ubururu, umuhondo, icyatsi. Intego: Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu. Indirimbo: ''Rwanda Nziza''. '''Ubukungu''' Ubuhinzi: ikawa, icyayi, ibitoki, imyumbati, ibirayi. Amatungo: inka, ihene, intama. '''Ubukerarugendo''' Pariki y’Akagera, Pariki ya Nyungwe, Pariki y’Ibirunga. Inyamaswa n’umuco w’Abanyarwanda. '''Idini''' Abakirisitu (Gatolika, Angilikani, Abaporotesitanti), Abayisilamu n’amadini mato.</ref> == Ubuyobozi == U Rwanda ni '''Repubulika''' iyoborwa na Perezida utorwa n'abaturage binyuze mu matora . Ubuyobozi bugendera ku '''itegeko nshinga ryatowe mu 2003'''. Igihugu kigizwe n’'''intara enye (4)''' n’'''Umujyi wa Kigali.''' Igihugu cy' u Rwanda kigizwe n'uturere mirongo itatu (30 districts) n'imirenge maganane na cumi n'itandatu n'utugari ibihumbi bibiri n'ijana na mirongo ine n'umunani (2148) n'imidugudu ibihumbi icumi na bine maganinani mirongo itatu n'irindwi (14837).<ref>https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/en/intara-1/uturere</ref> == Ururimi == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] nk'igihugu , abaturage b'[[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] bakoresha ururimi rumwe ari rwo rubaranga, rukabahuza kandi rukabaranga aho bari hose.Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda hemewe gukoreshwa indimi zitandukanye z'amahanga ariko ku isonga haza: * '''Ikinyarwanda''' (ururimi gakondo), * '''Icyongereza''', * '''Igifaransa''', * '''Igiswayire'''. == Ibimenyetso by’Igihugu == Nk'igihugu kigendera ku mahame ya demokarasi, u Rwanda rufite ibirango bitatu biruranga aho ruzwi hose mu ruhando rw'ibindi bihugu.Ibyo birango ( ibimenyetso) ni ibi bikurikira:<ref>https://x.com/lyvine_rwanda/status/1854124418471256089</ref> * '''Ibendera''': Ibendera ry' u Rwanda rigaragara mu mabara atatu avugwa uhereye hejuru ugana hasi: '''ubururu, umuhondo, icyatsikibisi'''. Ibendera ry' u Rwanda rifite ishusho y'izuba mu ibara ry'ubururu iryo zuba rigizwe n'imirasire ya zahabu makumyabiri n'ine isobanura urumuri rumurikira abanyarwanda, abaturarwanda n'inshuti zarwo. ibi kand bisobanura gukorera hamwe nta vangura mu banyarwanda no kurwanya ubujiji. Ibara ry'ubururu risobanura Amahoro n'umutekano urambye by'abanyarwanda.Ibara ry'umuhondo risobanura iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imbaraga biturutse ku banyarwanda. Ibara ry'icyatsikibisi risobanura icyizere kirambye cy'abanyarwanda. * * '''Ikirangantego''': Mu kirangantego cy'u Rwanda habonekamo amagambo akurikira: Ubumwe, '''Ubumwe,umurimo, no gukunda ukunda igihugu'''. * * '''Indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu''': Indirimbo yubahiriza cy'u yitwa ''Rwanda Nziza''.Iyi ndirimbo ikaba igizwe n'ibitero cyangwa ibika bine. == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bushingiye ku '''buhinzi''', cyane cyane ikawa n’icyayi. Ibindi bihingwa ni ibitoki, imyumbati, amasaka n’ibirayi. Amatungo (inka, [[ihene]], intama) na yo ni ingenzi mu mibereho y’abaturage. == Ubukerarugendo == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] rwamenyekanye cyane ku '''bukerarugendo bushingiye ku nyamaswa n’umurage w’umuco'''. Pariki zikomeye ni: * [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y’Ibirunga]], * [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]], * [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y’Akagera.]] == Idini == Abaturage benshi ni '''abakirisitu''' (Gatolika, Angilikani, Abaporotesitanti), hakiyongeraho Abayisilamu n’amadini mato atandukanye.[[Dosiye:View from Virunga Lodge in Rwanda of Mount Muhavura.jpg|thumb|281x281px|Uku niko urwanda rugaragara uri mumisozi.]] [[File:Rwanda (rw) pronunciation.ogg|thumb|Rwanda (rw) pronunciation]] [[Dosiye:Kigali Arena|thumb|Aho u Rwanda rugeze mu iterambere]] [[Umuceli|U]] '''[[Rwanda]]''' ni [[igihugu]] giherereye muri [[Afurika]] y'uburengerazuba mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, munsi y'umurongo wa Koma y'isi. [[Dosiye:Communes_of_Rwanda_in_1994.svg|thumb|Intara n'Uture muri 1994]] [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Rwanda witwa [[Kigali]]. Iki gihugu gikunze kwitwa icy'imisozi igihumbi gikoresha indimi enye: [[Ikinyarwanda]], [[Icyongereza]], [[Igifaransa]] n'[[igiswahili|Igiswayire]]. Ururimi gakondo rw'Abanyarwanda ni Ikinyarwanda. Ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda burigenga, ubuyobozi bufite intego igamije guteza imbere abaturage, kandi imiyoborere y'igihugu ntabwo ishingiye ku idini. [[Ibirango by’igihugu]] cy’u [[Rwanda]] ni [[ibendera|i]]<nowiki/>nkingi, ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko z' ubuyobozi, intego n’indirimbo y’Igihugu. [[Intego ya Repubulika|Intego y'Umutegetsi]] ni [[Ubumwe]], [[Umurimo]], [[Gukunda Igihugu]]. [[Indirimbo y’Igihugu]] ni [[Rwanda Nziza]].U [[Rwanda]] rugizwe n' uturere 30, intara 5, n'imirenge 416. U Rwanda kandi rufite abaturage million zisaga14 z'abaturage. == [[Amateka]] == [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] ruri mu bihugu 10 bya mbere bikungahaye k'ubukerarugendo bushingiye k'umuco n'umurage Ndangamateka. == "Ubumenyi bw'isi" == [[File:Map of Rwanda.png|300px|Map of Rwanda]] Ni igihugu kidakora ku nyanja, kiri muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba mu karere bita ak’ibiyaga bigari. [[U Rwanda rufite urubyiruko rw’abakoranabushake miliyoni 1,9|U Rwanda]] rufite [[Ikirunga|ibirunga]] bitanu, ibiyaga makumyabiri na bitatu n’imigezi myinshi, imwe akaba ariyo soko y’uruzi rwa [[Nili|Nil.]] U Rwanda rufite ubuso bwa 26,338 km² ubutaka bukaba bwihariye 24,948 km² amazi agafata 1,390 km². Abaturage babarirwa hafi ya 11,533,446 (National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, 2016), ubwo rero ni abantu 438 kuri buri km², u Rwanda rubarirwa mu bihugu bituwe cyane kurusha ibindi muri Afurika. [[File:Rwanda Gitarama landscape.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] Imipaka n’ibihugu by’ibituranyi bikurikira ni 893 km: [[Burundi]] mu majyepfo (290km), [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba (217km), [[Uganda]] mu majyaruguru(169km) na [[Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] (217km). U Rwanda rufite ibihe by’imvura bibiri Itumba-kuva Gashyantare kugera muri Gicurasi, Umuhindi-kuva muri Nzeli kugera muri Mutarama. Mu misozi ibihe biri mu rugero hajya haba ubutita rimwe na rimwe hakaza n’urubura rw’imbonekarimwe. Igihugu gifite imiterere y’ubutaka itandukanye yiganjemo ibirunga mu majyaruguru kikaba gikikijwe [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|n’ikiyaga cya Kivu]] [[https://rw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiyaga_cya_Kivu]] mu burengerazuba. Parike National y’ibirunga iri mu birunga mu misozi miremire n’amashyamba biri mu majyaruguru, iyo pariki ifite ingangi zizwi cyane kw’isi nk'[[inyamaswa]] nini cyane zizwi ku kwita ku miryango yazo. Hari inyamaswa nini n’into, naho ikiyaga cya Kivu mu burengerazuba kikaba gifite umusenyi mwiza mu nkengero zacyo ku Kibuye, Kivu ikaba itatswe n’uturwa twinshi. Ahantu ha mbere haciye bugufi mu [[Rwanda]] ni mu kibaya cya Rusizi kikaba kiri ku butumburuke bwa metero 950 uhereye ku nyanja. Naho ahantu harehare cyane gusumba ahandi ni ikirunga cya Kalisimbi gifite ubutumburuke bwa metero 4,519. MUDASIRU Pariki Nasiyonali * [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] * [[Pariki y'Akagera]] * [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]][[File:Tour_du_Rwanda_2020.png|thumb|Tour du Rwanda 2020]] == Intara == Igihugu cy’[[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] kigabanyijemo intara 4 n’umujyi wa Kigali. Intara zigabanyijemo uturere, imijyi, imirenge n’utugari. Umujyi wa Kigali ugabanyijemo uturere 30, imirenge 416 n’utugari. Kugeza muri [[2005]], [[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] rwari rugabanyijemo intara cumi n’ebyiri (12) na Komini ijana na cumi n’esheshatu (116). Izi zari: Umujyi wa Kigali,9 intara ya Kigali Ngali,10 intara ya Gitarama,11 intara ya Butare,12 intara ya Gikongoro,13 [[intara ya Cyangugu]],14 intara ya Kibuye,15 intara ya Gisenyi,16 intara ya Ruhengeri,17 intara ya Byumba,18 intara y’Umutara,19 intara ya Kibungo. Ariko ibi byarahindutse kuva ku itariki ya [[1 Mutarama]] [[2006]]. Muri porogaramu yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage no kuvugurura ubutegetsi muri rusange mu gihugu, ubutegetsi bwite bwa leta bwagabanyijwe mu matsinda matoya [[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] 13rugabanywamo intara eshanu (5) zagabanyijwemo nazo [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|uturere]] mirongo itatu (30). Uturere natwo tugabanyijwemo imirenge Magana ane na cumi n’itandatu (416) n’[[utugali]] ibihumbi bibiri n’ijana mirongo ine n’umunani (2148). Igihugu cy’[[U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyahawe inkunga ya miliyoni $319 y’urwego rushya rwa FMI|u Rwanda]] kigabanyijemo Intara enye ( 4) n’Umujyi wa Kigali. Amazina, umubare n’ibyicaro by’intara n’iby’Umujyi wa Kigali bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira: [[Dosiye:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|200px|<span style="color:grey;">Intara n’Uturere</span>]] {| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- bgcolor="#aaaaaa" |N° |Izina |Icyicaro |Akarere karimo icyicaro |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |1 |[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] |[[Kinihira]] |[[Akarere ka Rulindo]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |2 |[[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] |[[Busasamana]] |[[Akarere ka Nyanza]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |3 |[[Intara y'Uburasirazuba]] |[[Kigabiro]] |[[Akaere ka Rwamagana]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |4 |[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] |[[Bwishyura]] |[[Akarere ka Karongi]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |5 |[[Umujyi wa Kigali]] |[[Nyarugenge]] |[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] |} == [[Iyobokamana]] == [[Dosiye:RwamaganaChurch.jpg|thumb|left|100px|]] [[Abanyarwanda]] benshi ni abayoboke b'amadini 2 akomeye ariyo [[Ubukirisitu]] ([[Abagatolika]], [[Abaporoso]], [[Abapresibuteliyani]] n’[[abangilikani]]) n’[[ubuyislamu]], n'[[Abahamya ba Yehova]] [[Kiliziya]] cyane cyane [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] niyo yashinze imizi mu Rwanda. Abanyarwanda benshi ni abagatolika. Rero Kiliziya ifite uruhare runini mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Hari andi madini nayo y’abakirisitu mu Rwanda, ariko ntabwo akomeye nka Kiliziya Gatorika. Iri dini niryo rya mbere ryinjiye mu Rwanda riyobowe na Musenyeri Hirth wo mu muryango w’abapadiri bera 27 mu w’1900. Abapadiri bera bazanywe mu Rwanda n’abadage, bayobora icyo gihe bategekaga u Rwanda, u Burundi na Tanzaniya y’icyo gihe. Abadage barindaga abapadiri bera bizera ko naho bazashyigikira ubutegetsi bw’Abadage (irohat) mu Rwanda. Ibarura ry’abaturage rya 2002 ryagaragaje ko amadini ahagaze mu buryo bukurikira muri iki gihe: Abagatolika (49.5%), Abaporotesitanti bari mu madini atandukanye (27.2%), Abadivantisite (12.2%);Abahamya ba Yehova Andi madini ya gikirisito (4%), Abatagira idini (3.6%) N’Abayisilamu (1.8%), indi myemerere 1.7%. Iri barura riragaragaza ko 98.3% by abatuye u Rwanda biyemerera ko bafite idini babarizwamo. Ibi biratwereka ko amadini ari rumwe mu nzego z’imiyoborere ihuza abantu benshi kuko amenshi muri ayo madini atandukanye cyane n’idini gakondo kuko yo ahuza abayoboke bayo kandi akabaha gahunda y’imitekerereze ndetse n’imyitwarire. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda]] == [[Dosiye:Secretary Kerry and Rwandan President Kagame Pose for A Photo With Rwandan Foreign Minister Musikiwabo and U.S. Ambassador Barks-Ruggles in Kigali (30326383225).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|KAGAME PAUL perezida wa repubulika y' u Rwanda. (uwa kabiri uhereye iburyo )]] [[Ibendera]] ry’Igihugu rigizwe n’amabara atatu: icyatsi kibisi, umuhondo, n’ubururu. == [[Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] == Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bugizwe ahanini n’ubuhinzi abenshi mu bahinzi batunzwe n’ibyo bahinga. Ubukungu bukaba buhura n’icyibazo cy’uko abantu ari benshi kurusha ubutaka buhari. Kuba u Rwanda rudakora ku nyanjya bikaba byongera ibyo bibazo kubera ko bituma igihugu kitagera ku masoko mpuzamahanga cyangwa kibagerayo bigoranye. Ibihingwa ngengabukungu bya mbere ni [[ikawa]], [[icyayi]] n’ibireti. Ibi n’ibyamasoko mpuzamahanga. Mu gihugu, ibihingwa bihaboneka muri byo ni ibitoki, imyumbati, amasaka, [[imboga]], n’ibirayi. Ariko ntibihagije ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda ibindi bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ibindi byongera ku ntungamubiri ku banyarwanda ni amatungo- [[inka]], ihene n’intama.<ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006]</ref> '''AHO U RWANDA RUGEZE MU ITERAMBERE''' Iterambere ry' u Rwanda rireberwa mu bihe bibiri bitandukanye; hagati 1962 na 1994 ndetse n'igihe cy'imyaka 30 kiri hagati 1995 na 2025. Kuva ku gusabiriza kugera ku bukungu bugabye amashami: Mu 1989, u Rwanda rwohereje mu mahanga amabuye y'agaciro yinjije amadovize angana na miliyoni 2.5, ariko mu 2023, u Rwanda rwakubye uyu musaruro inshuro amagana, aho rwinjije amadovize miliyari 1.1 y'amadolari. Iterambere nk'iri rigaragaza ko [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] bwagabye amashami. Mu byerekeye u burezi, mbere abasozaga amashuri ya kaminuza bari ku kigero cyo hasi aho mu 1994 abasoje kaminuza bari 2870 ariko mu 2022 uwo mubare wikubye inshuro magana ugera ku 431,606. Mu busanzwe, iyo igihugu kidafite uburyo bunoze bwo kugenderana haba mu gihugu mu imbere cyangwa no hanze y'igihugu bidindiza iterambere ry'igihugu.Mu 1993, u Rwanda rwari rufite ibirometero 530 by’imihanda ya kaburimbo. Uyu munsi, imihanda ya kaburimbo yariyongereye igera ku birometero 2,652 ibi bikaba byoroshya ubuhahirane n'iterambere. Kuva kera kugera mu myaka ya 1994, ubuvuzi mu Rwanda bwari ku kigero cyo hasi aho 2.6% ari bo bari bafite ubwishingizi mu kwivuza. Ibi bisobanuye ko iyo umuntu yagiraga uburwayi bukomeye yashoboraga gukira agasiga umuryango we mu bukene bukabije cyangwa n'ubuvuzi ntabubonere igihe bikaba byatuma abura ubuzima. Uyu munsi , Abanyarwanda 97.3% bafite ubwishingizi mu kwivuza bisobanuye ko ntawe ugihura n'ingaruka nk'izavuzwe haruguru.Kuba serivisi z'ubuvuzi zariyongereye ndetswe zikegerezwa abaturage bisobanuye ubuzima buzira umuze n'icyizere kirambye cy'ubuzima bw'ejo hazaza.<ref>Raporo z’Ikigega cy’Isi cy’Imari</ref> == Amashyaka ya Politiki == [[Dosiye:Kagame.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Paul Kagame</span>]] U Rwanda ni igihugu kigendera kuri [[demokarasi]] y’amashyaka menshi. Amashyaka ya politike mu gihugu n’abayayobora ni aya: [[Parti Démocratique Chrétien]] (PDC) iyobowe na [[Alfred Mukezamfura]] ; [[Parti Social Démocratique]] (PSD) iyobowe na [[Vincent Biruta]] ; [[Union Démocratique du Peuple Rwandais]] (UDPR) iyobowe na [[Adrien Rangira]] ; [[Mouvement Démocratique Républicain]] (MDR) yasheshwe ikaba yarayoborwaga na [[Kabanda Célestin]] ; [[Parti Démocratique Islamique]] (PDI) iyobowe na [[André Bumaya]] ; [[Parti Libéral]] (PL) iyobowe na [[Prosper Higiro]] ; na [[Front Patriotique Rwandais]] (FPR) iyobowe na [[Paul Kagame]]. Hari n’andi mashyaka yahagaritswe kubera ko atemewe n’amategekop. Ayo ni [[Parti Socialiste Rwandais]] (PSR), na [[Parti pour le Progres et la Concorde]] (PPC) na Parti pour le Renouveau Démocratique === Amashyaka yo mu wa 1959 === Ayo mashyaka ari ukubiri: hari ayo bamwe bita "partis nationaux", ni ukuvuga amashyaka yari afite abayoboke benshi, yari asakaye mu gihugu cyangwa mu duce tunini, akagira n'uburyo bugaragara bwo kwamamaza ibitekerezo byayo n'abayobozi batwaye bagaragara. Tuvuge ayo mashyaka ayo ari yo n'igihe yavukiye: <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/2529.pdf |title=Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda, Kigali, Kanama 1999 |access-date=2010-12-24 |archive-date=2010-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704012542/http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/2529.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> :1. '''APROSOMA''' [[Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse]] 15/02/1959 :2. '''UNAR''' [[Union Nationale Rwandaise]] 13/09/1959 :3. '''RADER''' [[Rassemblement Democratique Rwandaise]] 14/09/1959 :4. '''PARMEHUTU''' [[Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation des Bahutu]] 09/10/1959 Hari n'andi mashyaka akabakaba makumyabiri ataragize uburemere byayo tumaze kuvuga. Ndetse urebye neza, amwe n'amwe muri ayo mashyaka mato yegamiye ayo ane manini. Ayo mashyaka matoya ni aya: :1) '''ABAKI''' [[Alliance des Bakiga]] :2) '''ABESC''' [[Association des Bahutu evuluant pour la suppression des castes]] :3) '''ACR''' [[Association des Cultivateurs du Rwanda]] :4) '''APADEC''' [[Association du Parti Democrate Chretien]] :5) '''APROCOMIN''' [[Association des Commerçants Indigenes]] :6) '''AREDETWA''' [[Association pour le Relevement Democratique des Batwa]] :7) '''ARUCO''' [[Alliance du Ruanda - Urundi et du Congo]] :8) '''ASSERU''' [[Association des Eleveurs du Rwanda]] :9) '''MOMOR''' [[Mouvement Monarchiste Rwandais]] :10) '''MUR''' [[Mouvement pour 1'Union Rwandaise]] :11) '''PAMOPRO''' [[Parti Monarchiste Progressiste]] :12) '''PSCR''' [[Parti Social Chrétien du Rwanda]] :13) '''UAARU''' [[Union des Aborozi Africains du Rwanda]] :14) '''UMAR''' [[Union des Masses Rwandaises]] :15) '''UNAFREUROP''' [[Union Afro-Europeenne]] :16) '''UNINTERCOKI''' [[Union des Intérêts Communs du Kinyaga]] == == * [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki y’Amajyamabere y’u Rwanda]] (BRD) * [[Ofisi y’Ubukerarugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali mu Rwanda]] (ORTPN) * [[Perezidansi ya Repubulika]] * [[Ibiro Bikuru by’Ishoramari rya Leta n’Inkunga Ituruka Hanze y’Igihugu]] (CEPEX) * [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Ishoramari n'Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Mahanga]] (RIEPA) * [[Urugaga Nyarwanda rw’Abikorera ku Giti cyabo]] (RPSF) [[Dosiye:I&M Bank Rwanda plc logo.png|thumb|BANKI Y' UBUCURUZI MU RWANDA]] == Amabanki == * Banque de Kigali (BK) * Banque Rwandaise de Développement (BRD) * I&M bank Rwanda * Compagnie Générale de Banque (COGEBANQUE) * Banque Commerciale du Rwanda (BCR) * Ecobank Rwanda * Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda (BHR) * Banque Populaire du Rwanda (BPR) * Urwego Opportunity Microfinance Bank (UOMB) * BANCOR SA * Banque Populaire du Rwanda SA *[[Kenya]] commercial bank (KCB) *Equity bank *Urwego Opportunity Bank(UOB) *Zigama CSS *Co-operative Bank Rwanda == Sosiyete Sivile mu Rwanda == [[File:OLPC classroom teaching.JPG|thumbnail|[[:en:One Laptop per Child|OLPC]] classroom teaching]] Iki gice kiraganira kuri sosiyete sivile yo mu Rwanda, ariko irashimangira ku mateka yayo, uko iteye, n’amashami yayo aba mu Rwanda. Iki gice kiranagaragaza imibereho ya sosiyete sivile, imigenderane ifitanye na leta y'u Rwanda ndetse n’abaterenkunga, ingorane ihura nazo. Iki gice kandi kiranagaragaza imbogamizi uwo muryango uhura nazo. Urebye ibibazo uyu muryango uhura nabyo mu byerekeye kumvisha akamaro kawo, ni umuryango w’ubukorerabushake ufata umwanya hagati y’umuryango nyarwanda na leta. Hari amashyirahamwe atandukanye yigenga, yashizweho n’abantu ku giti cyabo kugira ngo babungabunge amahame n’imico yabo. Ubundi inshingano z’uwo muryango ni kuwinjizamwo imiryango y’abakozi bo mu nzego zose, baba abunganira (avocats), za kiriziya, koperative, amashyirahamwe y’abana n’abagore n’andi mashyirahamwe ashinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage. <ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006] </ref> * [[Kituo Cha Katiba]] * [[Avega Agahozo]] * [[Haguruka]] == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.presidency.gov.rw/ * http://www.livinginkigali.com * https://web.archive.org/web/20230113062710/https://discover.rw/ {{Afurika}} {{commons|category:Rwanda}} [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Afurika]] 23xsw28386jwayffyyfuljl3cdmmv0j 0 2024 130706 130418 2026-04-21T20:37:21Z Niyigaba.05 17909 130706 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:My city kigali.jpg|thumb|Kigali city capital of rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Kigali city Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Uyu ni umujyi wa Kigali mu masaha yumugoroba izuba riri kurenga. ]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Dosiye:Kigali_city_rwanda.jpg|thumb|Kigali]] Kigali ni [[umurwa mukuru]] w’u [[Rwanda]]. Uyu mujyi uherereye rwagati mu gihugu, ukaba ufite abaturage bagera kuri 1.095.000 (mu mwaka wa 2019). Kigali igizwe n’uturere dutatu ari two [[Gasabo]], [[Kicukiro]] na [[Nyarugenge]].Aho Nyarugenge ariyo nkingi nkuru ya kigali kuko niyo iyoboye mu byubucuruzi yaba imyenda ,ibiryo,ndetse n'ibikoresho bigiye bitandukanye yaba ibyikoranabuhanga ndetse nibindi bisanzwe byo mu rugo . Niwo mujyi nkingi y’ubukungu n’umuco by’igihugu. Imihanda yose minini y’u Rwanda itangirira i Kigali, akaba ari ho nkingi y’ubwikorezi mu gihugu. Ibiro bya za Ministeri zitandukanye n’ibya Perezida wa Repubulika biri muri uyu mujyi. Kigali kandi igizwe ahanini n’uduce tw’icyaro kuko 70% byawo ari uturere tw’icyaro. == Amateka ya Kigali == [[Dosiye:Kigali Convention Center ( Rwanda ).jpg|thumb|Kigali Convention Center(KCC)]] Kigali yashinzwe mu 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw' [[Abadage]] ([[Ubudage]]) ushinzwe na Richard Kandt, ariko ntiwigeze uhinduka kapitali y'u [[Rwanda]] kugeza igihe ubukoloni bwarangiriye (indépendance) muri 1962 [[https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/rwanda/rwanda-independence-day]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru , akaba ari naho [[umwami]] yabaga muri icyo gihe wari Nyanza, ariko umugi mukuru w'abakoloni wari [[Butare]], icyo gihe yitwaga Astrida. Butare yabonwaga nk'aho ari wo mujyi wahinduka kapitali y' u Rwanda rwigenga ariko Kigali iza guhitwamo kubera ukuntu iherereye hagati mu gihugu. Guhera taliki ya 7 Mata, 1994, Kigali yabaye isibaniro rya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocide]] cyangwa '''Ethnic Cleasing''', aho abatutsi barenga miliyoni bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo . N'ubwo umugi washenywe mu gihe cya kera, ubu urimo kwiyubaka ku ntambwe ishimishije. [[Dosiye:Kigali_title.jpg|thumb]]Kigali ni umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda kandi ni wo mujyi munini mu Rwanda washinzwe mu mwaka wa 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoroni bw'abadage;hanyuma uza kuba umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge mu 1962. Kigali iri mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati bw'igihugu.Uyu mujyi ni wo mutima w'ubukungu, ubuyobozi n'umuco Nyarwanda. Kigali ikomeje gutera imbere mu bijyanye n'imyubakire igezweho ikoranabuhanga ndetse n'imiturire iteguwe neza bikayigira umwe mu mijyi igezweho kurusha indi muri Afurika yo hagati. == Amashakiro == *[[https://populationstat.com/rwanda/kigali]] * [[commons:Category:Kigali|Media Kigali]] * [http://www.livinginkigali.com/ Living in Kigali] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140220121504/http://www.eatinginkigali.com/ Eating in Kigali] * [http://www.kigalicity.gov.rw Official Website of Kigali City] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221219083632/https://discover.rw/kigali-city/ Kigali – The Bustling And Vibrant City] * [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=kigali&sourceid=ie7&rls=com.microsoft:en-US&oe=utf8&um=1&ie=UTF-8&split=0&ei=TGq9SYnNCtaNsAakxLDoDg&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&resnum=1&ct=title Kigali Map] * [http://www.buyrwcom Most popular Rwanda Ads website] [[Category:Kigali| ]] [[Ikiciro:Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda geography]] 5napwvtnwmclodiexlrv2lyiw5ir04r 130707 130706 2026-04-21T20:40:30Z Niyigaba.05 17909 130707 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:My city kigali.jpg|thumb|Kigali city umurwa mukuru w' u rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Kigali city Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Uyu ni umujyi wa Kigali mu masaha yumugoroba izuba riri kurenga. ]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Dosiye:Kigali_city_rwanda.jpg|thumb|Kigali]] Kigali ni [[umurwa mukuru]] w’u [[Rwanda]]. Uyu mujyi uherereye rwagati mu gihugu, ukaba ufite abaturage bagera kuri 1.095.000 (mu mwaka wa 2019). Kigali igizwe n’uturere dutatu ari two [[Gasabo]], [[Kicukiro]] na [[Nyarugenge]].Aho Nyarugenge ariyo nkingi nkuru ya kigali kuko niyo iyoboye mu byubucuruzi yaba imyenda ,ibiryo,ndetse n'ibikoresho bigiye bitandukanye yaba ibyikoranabuhanga ndetse nibindi bisanzwe byo mu rugo . Niwo mujyi nkingi y’ubukungu n’umuco by’igihugu. Imihanda yose minini y’u Rwanda itangirira i Kigali, akaba ari ho nkingi y’ubwikorezi mu gihugu. Ibiro bya za Ministeri zitandukanye n’ibya Perezida wa Repubulika biri muri uyu mujyi. Kigali kandi igizwe ahanini n’uduce tw’icyaro kuko 70% byawo ari uturere tw’icyaro. == Amateka ya Kigali == [[Dosiye:Kigali Convention Center ( Rwanda ).jpg|thumb|Kigali Convention Center(KCC)]] Kigali yashinzwe mu 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw' [[Abadage]] ([[Ubudage]]) ushinzwe na Richard Kandt, ariko ntiwigeze uhinduka kapitali y'u [[Rwanda]] kugeza igihe ubukoloni bwarangiriye (indépendance) muri 1962 [[https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/rwanda/rwanda-independence-day]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru , akaba ari naho [[umwami]] yabaga muri icyo gihe wari Nyanza, ariko umugi mukuru w'abakoloni wari [[Butare]], icyo gihe yitwaga Astrida. Butare yabonwaga nk'aho ari wo mujyi wahinduka kapitali y' u Rwanda rwigenga ariko Kigali iza guhitwamo kubera ukuntu iherereye hagati mu gihugu. Guhera taliki ya 7 Mata, 1994, Kigali yabaye isibaniro rya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocide]] cyangwa '''Ethnic Cleasing''', aho abatutsi barenga miliyoni bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo . N'ubwo umugi washenywe mu gihe cya kera, ubu urimo kwiyubaka ku ntambwe ishimishije. [[Dosiye:Kigali_title.jpg|thumb]][[Kigali (umurenge)|Kigal]]<nowiki/>i ni umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda kandi ni wo mujyi munini mu [[Rwanda]] washinzwe mu mwaka wa 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoroni bw'abadage;hanyuma uza kuba umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge mu 1962. Kigali iri mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati bw'igihugu.Uyu mujyi ni wo mutima w'ubukungu, ubuyobozi n'umuco Nyarwanda. Kigali ikomeje gutera imbere mu bijyanye n'imyubakire igezweho ikoranabuhanga ndetse n'imiturire iteguwe neza bikayigira umwe mu mijyi igezweho kurusha indi muri Afurika yo hagati. == Amashakiro == *[[https://populationstat.com/rwanda/kigali]] * [[commons:Category:Kigali|Media Kigali]] * [http://www.livinginkigali.com/ Living in Kigali] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140220121504/http://www.eatinginkigali.com/ Eating in Kigali] * [http://www.kigalicity.gov.rw Official Website of Kigali City] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221219083632/https://discover.rw/kigali-city/ Kigali – The Bustling And Vibrant City] * [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=kigali&sourceid=ie7&rls=com.microsoft:en-US&oe=utf8&um=1&ie=UTF-8&split=0&ei=TGq9SYnNCtaNsAakxLDoDg&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&resnum=1&ct=title Kigali Map] * [http://www.buyrwcom Most popular Rwanda Ads website] [[Category:Kigali| ]] [[Ikiciro:Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda geography]] 6ahscnrokis082qacnaz9ad0jnzcdbh 130708 130707 2026-04-21T20:41:35Z Niyigaba.05 17909 130708 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:My city kigali.jpg|thumb|Kigali city umurwa mukuru w' u rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Kigali city Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Uyu ni umujyi wa Kigali mu masaha yumugoroba izuba riri kurenga. ]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Dosiye:Kigali_city_rwanda.jpg|thumb|Kigali - Rwanda]] Kigali ni [[umurwa mukuru]] w’u [[Rwanda]]. Uyu mujyi uherereye rwagati mu gihugu, ukaba ufite abaturage bagera kuri 1.095.000 (mu mwaka wa 2019). Kigali igizwe n’uturere dutatu ari two [[Gasabo]], [[Kicukiro]] na [[Nyarugenge]].Aho Nyarugenge ariyo nkingi nkuru ya kigali kuko niyo iyoboye mu byubucuruzi yaba imyenda ,ibiryo,ndetse n'ibikoresho bigiye bitandukanye yaba ibyikoranabuhanga ndetse nibindi bisanzwe byo mu rugo . Niwo mujyi nkingi y’ubukungu n’umuco by’igihugu. Imihanda yose minini y’u Rwanda itangirira i Kigali, akaba ari ho nkingi y’ubwikorezi mu gihugu. Ibiro bya za Ministeri zitandukanye n’ibya Perezida wa Repubulika biri muri uyu mujyi. Kigali kandi igizwe ahanini n’uduce tw’icyaro kuko 70% byawo ari uturere tw’icyaro. == Amateka ya Kigali == [[Dosiye:Kigali Convention Center ( Rwanda ).jpg|thumb|Kigali Convention Center(KCC)]] Kigali yashinzwe mu 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw' [[Abadage]] ([[Ubudage]]) ushinzwe na Richard Kandt, ariko ntiwigeze uhinduka kapitali y'u [[Rwanda]] kugeza igihe ubukoloni bwarangiriye (indépendance) muri 1962 [[https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/rwanda/rwanda-independence-day]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru , akaba ari naho [[umwami]] yabaga muri icyo gihe wari Nyanza, ariko umugi mukuru w'abakoloni wari [[Butare]], icyo gihe yitwaga Astrida. Butare yabonwaga nk'aho ari wo mujyi wahinduka kapitali y' u Rwanda rwigenga ariko Kigali iza guhitwamo kubera ukuntu iherereye hagati mu gihugu. Guhera taliki ya 7 Mata, 1994, Kigali yabaye isibaniro rya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocide]] cyangwa '''Ethnic Cleasing''', aho abatutsi barenga miliyoni bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo . N'ubwo umugi washenywe mu gihe cya kera, ubu urimo kwiyubaka ku ntambwe ishimishije. [[Dosiye:Kigali_title.jpg|thumb]][[Kigali (umurenge)|Kigal]]<nowiki/>i ni umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda kandi ni wo mujyi munini mu [[Rwanda]] washinzwe mu mwaka wa 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoroni bw'abadage;hanyuma uza kuba umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge mu 1962. Kigali iri mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati bw'igihugu.Uyu mujyi ni wo mutima w'ubukungu, ubuyobozi n'umuco Nyarwanda. Kigali ikomeje gutera imbere mu bijyanye n'imyubakire igezweho ikoranabuhanga ndetse n'imiturire iteguwe neza bikayigira umwe mu mijyi igezweho kurusha indi muri Afurika yo hagati. == Amashakiro == *[[https://populationstat.com/rwanda/kigali]] * [[commons:Category:Kigali|Media Kigali]] * [http://www.livinginkigali.com/ Living in Kigali] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140220121504/http://www.eatinginkigali.com/ Eating in Kigali] * [http://www.kigalicity.gov.rw Official Website of Kigali City] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221219083632/https://discover.rw/kigali-city/ Kigali – The Bustling And Vibrant City] * [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=kigali&sourceid=ie7&rls=com.microsoft:en-US&oe=utf8&um=1&ie=UTF-8&split=0&ei=TGq9SYnNCtaNsAakxLDoDg&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&resnum=1&ct=title Kigali Map] * [http://www.buyrwcom Most popular Rwanda Ads website] [[Category:Kigali| ]] [[Ikiciro:Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda geography]] 7dncv0ka070xjgzupvaurjxal9c4gu6 130709 130708 2026-04-21T20:43:39Z Niyigaba.05 17909 130709 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:My city kigali.jpg|thumb|Kigali city umurwa mukuru w' u rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Kigali city Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Uyu ni umujyi wa Kigali mu masaha yumugoroba izuba riri kurenga. ]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Dosiye:Kigali_city_rwanda.jpg|thumb|Kigali - Rwanda]] Kigali ni [[umurwa mukuru]] w’u [[Rwanda]]. Uyu mujyi uherereye rwagati mu gihugu, ukaba ufite abaturage bagera kuri 1.095.000 (mu mwaka wa 2019). Kigali igizwe n’uturere dutatu ari two [[Gasabo]], [[Kicukiro]] na [[Nyarugenge]].Aho Nyarugenge ariyo nkingi nkuru ya kigali kuko niyo iyoboye mu byubucuruzi yaba imyenda ,ibiryo,ndetse n'ibikoresho bigiye bitandukanye yaba ibyikoranabuhanga ndetse nibindi bisanzwe byo mu rugo . Niwo mujyi nkingi y’ubukungu n’umuco by’igihugu. Imihanda yose minini y’u Rwanda itangirira i Kigali, akaba ari ho nkingi y’ubwikorezi mu gihugu. Ibiro bya za Ministeri zitandukanye n’ibya Perezida wa Repubulika biri muri uyu mujyi. Kigali kandi igizwe ahanini n’uduce tw’icyaro kuko 70% byawo ari uturere tw’icyaro. == Amateka ya Kigali == [[Dosiye:Kigali Convention Center ( Rwanda ).jpg|thumb|Kigali Convention Center(KCC)]] Kigali yashinzwe mu 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw' [[Abadage]] ([[Ubudage]]) ushinzwe na Richard Kandt, ariko ntiwigeze uhinduka kapitali y'u [[Rwanda]] kugeza igihe ubukoloni bwarangiriye (indépendance) muri 1962 [[https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/rwanda/rwanda-independence-day]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru , akaba ari naho [[umwami]] yabaga muri icyo gihe wari Nyanza, ariko umugi mukuru w'abakoloni wari [[Butare]], icyo gihe yitwaga Astrida. Butare yabonwaga nk'aho ari wo mujyi wahinduka kapitali y' u Rwanda rwigenga ariko Kigali iza guhitwamo kubera ukuntu iherereye hagati mu gihugu. Guhera taliki ya 7 Mata, 1994, Kigali yabaye isibaniro rya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocide]] cyangwa '''Ethnic Cleasing''', aho abatutsi barenga miliyoni bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo . N'ubwo umugi washenywe mu gihe cya kera, ubu urimo kwiyubaka ku ntambwe ishimishije. [[Dosiye:Kigali_title.jpg|thumb|ikirango(status) y umujyi wa kigali iherereye akarere ka nyarugenge]][[Kigali (umurenge)|Kigal]]<nowiki/>i ni umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda kandi ni wo mujyi munini mu [[Rwanda]] washinzwe mu mwaka wa 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoroni bw'abadage;hanyuma uza kuba umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge mu 1962. Kigali iri mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati bw'igihugu.Uyu mujyi ni wo mutima w'ubukungu, ubuyobozi n'umuco Nyarwanda. Kigali ikomeje gutera imbere mu bijyanye n'imyubakire igezweho ikoranabuhanga ndetse n'imiturire iteguwe neza bikayigira umwe mu mijyi igezweho kurusha indi muri Afurika yo hagati. == Amashakiro == *[[https://populationstat.com/rwanda/kigali]] * [[commons:Category:Kigali|Media Kigali]] * [http://www.livinginkigali.com/ Living in Kigali] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140220121504/http://www.eatinginkigali.com/ Eating in Kigali] * [http://www.kigalicity.gov.rw Official Website of Kigali City] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221219083632/https://discover.rw/kigali-city/ Kigali – The Bustling And Vibrant City] * [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=kigali&sourceid=ie7&rls=com.microsoft:en-US&oe=utf8&um=1&ie=UTF-8&split=0&ei=TGq9SYnNCtaNsAakxLDoDg&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&resnum=1&ct=title Kigali Map] * [http://www.buyrwcom Most popular Rwanda Ads website] [[Category:Kigali| ]] [[Ikiciro:Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda geography]] b6gt6p025vvdru8knhcrs81zhypskq8 0 2069 130734 128045 2026-04-22T09:31:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130734 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kalimbeza Rice field.jpg|thumb|umurima w'umuceri<ref name=":0" />|219x219px]] [[Dosiye:Husked Rice. 03.jpg|thumb|Husked Rice]] [[Dosiye:Husked Rice. 02.jpg|thumb|Husked Rice]] [[Dosiye:Chokuwa rice.jpg|thumb|Chokuwa rice]] [[Dosiye:Kala Namak Rice crop.jpg|thumb|Kala Namak Rice crop]] [[Dosiye:Tabanan-Regency Indonesia Rice-paddies-06.jpg|thumb|Umurima wimuceri]] [[Dosiye:20201102.Hengnan.Hybrid rice Sanyou-1.6.jpg|thumb|Umuceri]] [[Dosiye:White, Brown, Red & Wild rice.jpg|thumb|White, Brown, Red & Wild rice]] [[Dosiye:Bali, Rice fields in the forest, East Bali, Indonesia.jpg|thumb|Bali, Rice fields in the forest, East Bali, Indonesia]] [[Dosiye:Green rice sheaves planted in a paddy field with long shadows at golden hour in Don Det Laos.jpg|thumb|Green rice sheaves planted]] [[Dosiye:Rice planting in Bhutan 01.jpg|thumb|Rice planting ]] [[Dosiye:Rice p1160004.jpg|thumb|Umuceri wumweru]] [[Dosiye:Rice and curry 3.jpg|thumb|Rice]] [[Dosiye:Kala Namak Rice crop.jpg|thumb|Kala Namak Rice crop]] [[Dosiye:Farm rice.jpg|thumb|Farm rice]] [[Dosiye:Gudu Shah Rice farm.jpg|thumb|Farm rice]] [[Dosiye:Rice farm..jpg|thumb|Farm rice]] [[Dosiye:Farmers harvesting rice.jpg|thumb|Gusarura umuceri]] [[Dosiye:Rice farm in Gombe.jpg|thumb|Umurima wimuceri]] [[Dosiye:Farming Of Rice.jpg|thumb|Gutera umuceri]] [[Dosiye:Rice farm 2022.jpg|thumb|Umuceri]] [[Dosiye:Cajun woman hulling rice.jpg|thumb|'''Cajun woman hulling rice''']] [[Dosiye:Rice cleaning in Bama.jpg|thumb|Gusukura umuceri]] [[Dosiye:Ghana, Rural women laying rice out to dry. 01.jpg|thumb|Ghana, Rural women laying rice out to dry]] [[Dosiye:Parboiled rice drying.jpg|thumb|Parboiled rice drying]] [[Dosiye:Rice processing in South East Nigeria12.jpg|thumb|Gutunganya umuceri]] [[Dosiye:Five kg rice bags.jpg|thumb|Five kg rice bags]] [[Dosiye:Raw rice (white).jpg|thumb|Raw rice (white)]] [[Dosiye:Brown rice.jpg|thumb|Brown Rice]] [[Dosiye:Uncooked brown, red and black rice.jpg|thumb|'''Uncooked brown, red and black rice''']] [[Dosiye:Tricolor brown rice.jpg|thumb|'''Tricolor brown rice''']] [[Dosiye:Brown rice 001.jpg|thumb|Brown Rice]] [[Dosiye:Rice business in Tanzania.jpg|thumb|Ubucuruzi bwumuceri]] [[Dosiye:Tranplant-rice-tahiland.JPG|thumb|Tran]] === '''IRIBURIRO''' === [[Dosiye:Man_harvesting_rice_in_Don_Det,_Laos.jpg|thumb|gusarura umuceri|228x228px]] [[File:Koeh-232.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">''Oryza sativa''</span>]] [[Dosiye:Rice planting in Bhutan 01.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'umuceri]] [[Dosiye:Rice In A Bowl.jpg|thumb|Umuceri]] '''Umuceli''' cyangwa '''Umuceri''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Oryza'') bawutera aho amazi ari mu bibaya, ariko atari mu mugezi hagati. Iyo weze barawusarura, bakawuhura, bakawugosora;umuceli weze neza urererana. Iyo bamaze kuwugosora, bawuhunika mu magunira, bakawubika ahameze neza, ukaba wahamara igihe kirekire utononekaye.<ref name=":0">https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/mu-rwanda-abahinzi-b-umuceri-mu-bugarama-bari-mu-gihombo/5989217.html</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/07/rusizi-umuceri-udatoneye-ikilo-ni-frw-410-abahinzi-bavuga-ko-bahojejwe-amarira/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226132106/https://umuseke.rw/2022/07/rusizi-umuceri-udatoneye-ikilo-ni-frw-410-abahinzi-bavuga-ko-bahojejwe-amarira/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Aho igihingwa gikunda kwera''': Umuceri ukunda kwera mu bishanga by’uturere dushyuha (tw’imirambi n’imisozi iringaniye), ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku moko y'umuceri yahingwa imusozi. Umuceri tuza kuvuga ni uhingwa mu butaka bw’ibumba n’ubundi bwose bu­dahitisha amazi.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/abahinga-umuceri-i-mishenyi-bamenye-ibanga-ryo-gukoresha-ifumbire/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226133614/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/abahinga-umuceri-i-mishenyi-bamenye-ibanga-ryo-gukoresha-ifumbire/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === '''Gutegura umurima''' === Mbere yo gutera umuceri, ni ngombwa kurwanya isuri ku mabanga y’imisozi akikije igishanga kigiye guhingwamo umuceri. Icya kabiri, ubutaka bugomba kuba bumeze neza kugira ngo igihingwa kizakure neza kandi ubutaka buringaniye. Gutegura umurima habamo gutabira no gusanza, kuvanga amazi n’ibyondo no kuringaniza.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> [[File:Kanchanaburi, Thailand, Asian rice (Oryza sativa) grass.jpg|thumb|Kanchanaburi, Thailand, Asian rice (Oryza sativa) grass]] Gutegura umurima ni ukuwutunganya kugira ngo uterwemo umuceri. Bikorwa mu byiciro binyuranye: gutabira no gusanza ( inshuro 1 kugeza kuri 2), kuvuruga no kuringaniza (inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3) umurima kugira ngo umuceri uzamere neza. Iyo mirimo ishobora gukorwa ubutaka bwumutse cyangwa burimo amazi.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rugali.com/tag/umuceri/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226132107/https://rugali.com/tag/umuceri/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Rusizi-Hegitari-nshya-950-zigiye-gutunganywa-mu-kibaya-cy-umuceri-cya-Bugarama</ref> [[Dosiye:Rice p1160004.jpg|thumb|umuceri]] === '''Gutera''' === * '''Gufumbira''' * '''Gutegura imitabo (imirenzo cyangwa udutanda) yo guhumbikamo iteganyirijwe umurima wa m2'''500             Udutanda 3 twa m1 y’ubugari, uburebure = m 6 * Intera iri hagati y’imitabo = cm 40-50 by’inzira ituma bashobora gukoramo isuku * Kuringaniza neza udutabo dukoresheje [[igiti]] cyangwa akabaho. * Gushyiramo ifumbire ya NPK '''gr 12.5 kuri buri m2 1''' cyangwa '''udufuniko 2''' tw’uducupa tuzamo amazi kuko agafuniko 1 kagira gm 6 , ifumbire uhita uyivanga n’igitaka ukoresheje intoki cyangwa ifumbire y’imborera yaboze neza.<ref>https://www.isangostar.rw/bugesera-abahinzi-bumuceri-babangamiwe-namateme-make-mu-mirima-yabo</ref> * '''Gutegura imbuto n’ifumbire (imbuto ziba zimeze gute?, ifumbire ikoreshwa ryari?)''' * '''Kujonjora(gutoranya) no guhungira imbuto''' * Gutoranya imbuto nziza dukoresheje uburyo bwo kuzinika mu mazi menshi iz’ibihuhwe  zikareremba, tukazivanamo. * Inzima zibiye (zagiye) mu mazi nizo zonyine zishyirwa mu muti wa kitazine ufunguye mu gihe cy’amasaha 24. Uwo muti ufungurwa ku buryo bukurikira .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.inyenyerinews.org/truth-reconciliation/mukankiko-akomeje-kumena-umuceri-w-abandi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226132112/https://www.inyenyerinews.org/truth-reconciliation/mukankiko-akomeje-kumena-umuceri-w-abandi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> -Litiro 1 y’amazi + ml 10 z’umuti wa Kitazine cyangwa gm 5 za Beam( udufuniko 5 tw’amacupa ya fanta) -Igerambuto kuri Ha : kg 25-30 cyangwa kg 1.25 – 1.5 kuri m2 500 (boroke). * Nyuma yo kuzikura mu muti, imbuto zigomba kumutswa zakuwe mu mufuka kugira ngo   umuti uzifateho (kumutsa imbuto mbere yo kuzinika mu mazi, bifata igice cy’umunsi)     * Kwinika imbuto mu mazi mu gihe cy’amasaha 48–72 duhindura amazi buri munsi * Gutindikira imbuto zinuwe mu mazi, mu gihe cy’amasaha 24 ahantu hahehereye kugira ngo  zihange (ziseke). <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amasezerano.com/umuceri-ni-ingenzi-mu-kurinda-indwara-zuruhu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123070013/https://www.amasezerano.com/umuceri-ni-ingenzi-mu-kurinda-indwara-zuruhu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === '''Ibindi:''' === Guhungira imbuto bigira akamaro ko gukingira imbuto uduhumyo dutera indwara nk’indwara yitwa Bakanae cyangwa gukururumba, n’iya Cyumya (Uburima), n’iy’ibidomo by’ikigina (brown spot), n’ifata  impeke ( grain rot). <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umunsi.com/inkuru-yurupfu-rwumucuranzi-wacurangiraga-israel-mbonyi-yashenguy-benshi-ishimwe-etienne/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226132113/https://umunsi.com/inkuru-yurupfu-rwumucuranzi-wacurangiraga-israel-mbonyi-yashenguy-benshi-ishimwe-etienne/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''Guhumbika''' * '''Igerambuto n’ubucucike bwazo''' • Batera kg 0.15 Kg - 0.2 kuri Ari bitewe n’ubwoko bw’imbuto. * Biba imbuto uzinyanyagiza ku buryo bumwe mu mitabo. '''Guhumbika imbuto z’umuceri mu mitabo''' '''Gutata neza ubuhumbikiro nyuma yo kubiba imbuto mu dutabo/uturenzo''' * Gutwikira aho wabibye imbuto mu dutabo n’ibyatsi byumye cyangwa amashara(amashangara) kugira ngo ubutaka bukomeze buhehereye, butumagara no kwirinda ko inyoni zakwangiza imbuto. * Gutwikurura (kuvanaho) ibyatsi hashize '''iminsi 4-5''' uhereye igihe ingemwe zatangiye kuzamuka(kumera) ( Ifoto ya 16). * Amazi ari hagati y’udutabo agomba guhora areshya n’udutabo kuko bituma ibyatsi bitamera mu buhumbikiro no gutuma udutabo duhora duhehereye. === '''Kugemura''' === * Gushyiramo ifumbire y’ibanze: gr 70/m2. * Umuceri ugemurwa umaze ibyumweru 3 uhumbitswe. * Batera ingemwe z’umuceri ku mirongo iteganye, itandukanyijwe na cm 25. Ingemwe na zo ziba zitandukanyijwe na cm 25. * Batera ingemwe 2-3 mu kobo.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/49507236</ref> === '''Gufata neza umuceri''' === === '''Ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire mu buhinzi bw’umuceri''' === {| class="wikitable" |1 |Ifumbire y’ibanze |NPK (17-17-17)                     |10kg/ 500 m2 |<nowiki>-Ishyirwa mu murima mbere yo gutera.</nowiki> -Ifasha gukura neza mu ntangiriro no kubyara. -Umunyungugu wose wa fosifore n’uwa Potasiyumu nk’ifumbire y’ibanze. |- |2 |Ifumbire mbaturamusaruro ya mbere: mu gihe cyo kubyara |Ire (46%) |2.5kg/ 500 m2 |<nowiki>-Gushyiramo Ire hashize iminsi 30 bateyemu murima.</nowiki> -Kongerera umuceri ubushobozi bwo kubyara bituma amahundo yiyongera kuri m2 |- |3 |Ifumbire mbaturamusaruro ya kabiri: mu gihe cy’ikorwa ry’amahundo |Ire (46%) |2.5kg/ 500 m2 | - Gushyiramo  Ire mu gihe umuceri utangiye guhaga(gutwita) -Kugabanya ibihuhwe biterwa no kutibangurira cyangwa kutabangurirana cyangwa kuramburura k’umuceri -kongera umubare w’intete ku ihundo no kugabanya ibihuhwe |} [[Dosiye:Agriculture work.jpg|left|thumb]] == '''Gucunga neza amazi''' == * Amazi ni ikintu gikomeye mu buhinzi bw’umuceri, ni yo mpamvu amazi yuhira umuceri agomba gukoreshwa neza mu buryo butuma atanga umusaruro. * Umuhinzi w’umuceri agomba gukora uko ashoboye amazi akenewe akaboneka mu byiciro binyuranye by’imikurire y’igihingwa cy’umuceri: -  Mu gihe cyo kugemeka no kubyara: igihingwa cy’umuceri cyakwangirika kibuze amazi ahagije, kikagwingira cyangwa se ntigifate rwose. -Mu gihe cyo kubyara no gutangira kuzana amahundo:  muri iki gihe, igihingwa cy’umuceri gishobora kwihanganira amazi make. Igipimo cy’amazi kigomba kuguma hasi kugira ngo kubyara byihute. - Mu gihe cyo gutangira kuzana amahundo- Kurabya: irinde ko umurima w’umuceri uburamo amazi. - Mu gihe cyo kurabya-kwera: mu gihe cyo kwagika no kurabya n’igihe gikurikiraho  gututubikana k'umuceri biba biri ku rwego rwo hejuru. Kubura kw’amazi mu murima bituma intete ziba ibihuhwa kandi umuceri ukera nabi. Amazi avanwa mu murima hagati y’iminsi 15 na 20 nyuma yo kwagika mu rwego rwo kwihutisha kwera  no kugira ngo hirindwe ko umuceri ukurura Azote nyinshi. * '''Kubagara hakoreshwa ikibagazo  kizenguruka''' * Uburyo bw’imihingire: gutegura umurima neza cyane cyane kuvuruga, kuzuza amazi mu murima. * '''Uburyo bwo kwirinda ibyatsi mbere:''' Gukoresha imbuto z’umuceri zitarimo imbuto z’ibyatsi bibi, no guhora ukora isuku ku miyoboro n’amadige (guhora uyiharura, ukuraho ibyatsi). * Gukoresha ikibagazo ni ukugisunika hagati y’imirongo nk’uko bigaragara ku ifoto. Ibi bibagazo bigira akamaro ko kuvangavanga ibyatsi bikuze (ariko bidakuze cyane) ndetse n’imbuto zabyo mu gitaka (mu cyondo) bikabuza ibyatsi kumera mu murima. '''Kunyuza ikibagazo gisunikwa hagati y’imirongo''' '''Imiyoboro n’amadige''' * Guhinga umuceri bigendana n’ibikorwaremezo nk’imiyoboro n’amadige. Umuhinzi agomba kubifata neza no kubikoresha ku buryo butanga umusaruro kuko amazi ari ikintu cy’ingenzi ku burumbuke bw’umuceri.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/MINGARI-yanzuye-ko-igiciro-cyumuceri-kigiye-kuba-kimwe-hose-mu-gihugu</ref><ref>https://amahaho.com/fr/collections/rice-umuceri</ref> === '''Indwara''' === ==== '''1.Kirabiranya y'umuceri(''Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae'' (''Xoo'')''' ==== Iyi ndwara iterwa n’udukoko twa bagiteri (''Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae'' (''Xoo''), ikarangwa no kurabirana kw’amababi cyangwa kw’igihingwa cyose. Igice gifashwe gihinduka icyatsi kijujuka, kikazahinduka umuhondo werurutse. Umuceri ukiri muto urababuka burundu. Isoko y’ubwandu ishobora kuba ibyatsi byo ku mpande y’igishanga, ibicericeri (ibishogoshogo) cyangwa umuceri  wo mu gasozi. Iyi ndwara yinjirira mu bikomere by’igihingwa mu gihe cyo kugemūra cyangwa se iyo umuceri ukomerekejwe n’umuyaga cyangwa imvura.<ref>https://migro.co.rw/product/tanzania-no-1-1</ref> ==== '''Kuyirinda no kuyirwanya:''' ==== Gukoresha imbuto zihangana; kwirinda ibintu byose bibika ubwandu; kutarenza urugero rw’umunyungugu wa azote; kurinda ko ibitanda n’imirima birengerwa n’amazi. ==== '''2.Uburima''' ==== ==== '''Uburima : Pyriculariose du riz (Pyricularia Oryzae):''' ==== Ni indwara mbi cyane, iterwa n’agahumyo gato katabonwa n’amaso. Ifata ingingo zose : ibibabi, uduti, indabo n’impeke. Ikunda gukara cyane mu buhumbikiro, umuceri ugeze igihe cyo guhagika, guterera n’igihe cyo kurabya. ==== '''Ibiranga indwara y’Uburima:''' ==== Amababi azaho amabara y’ikigina cyijimye, ajya kuba maremare, asongoye, y’ikijuju hagati, ku mababi kandi hazaho utudomo tw’icyatsi cyenda kuba ikijuju dusa nkaho turimo amazi dufite ishusho y’uruziga cyangwa imeze nk’igi, amabara akuze aba nk’afite inkovu; ku bufubiko bw’indabo haza ho utubara tw’ikigina; mu gihe cyo guterera, ku ipfundo rya nyuma riri hasi y’indabo hazaho uruziga rwirabura, agati ko hejuru y’iryo pfundo kakuma, ihundo ntirizemo impeke; uruti (igikenyeri) ruruma; mu buhumbikiro, ingemwe zirashya zikababuka zose.<ref>https://yegob.rw/waruziko-umuceri-ufite-ubushobozi-bwo-kurinda-indwara-zikomeye-nka-kanseri-ndetse-no-gutuma-ugira-uruhu-rwiza/</ref> ==== '''Ibituma iyo ndwara yiyongera:''' ==== Gukoresha azote nyinshi mu murima; ubushyuhe bwinshi buvanze n’ubutohe; ivu ryinshi rirunze hamwe. ''Uburima bwo ku mababi'' ''Amahundo arwaye'' ==== '''Uko wakwirinda indwara y’Uburima bw’Umuceri:''' ==== Gutera imbuto zihangana; gutera imbuto umuti mbere yo guhumbika(Thiram-Benomyl,..); gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ku rugero nyarwo; kuyobora amazi ahagije mu murima; isuku mu murima n’ahawegereye; gutwika ibikenyeri by’umuceri nyuma yo gusarura; gutera imiti (Tebuconazole, Benomyl, Kitazine,...); kubahiriza igihe cy’ihinga; no kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubuhinzi (ubucucike bw’imbuto mu murima, ifumbire nyayo ku rugero nyarwo, amazi mu murima ku rugero...).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.agakiza.org/Nyuma-yo-kuvumbura-iri-banga-umuceri-bawugurira-kuwumara.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226132108/https://www.agakiza.org/Nyuma-yo-kuvumbura-iri-banga-umuceri-bawugurira-kuwumara.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== '''3. Indwara iterwa na virusi y’umuceri''' (RYMV) ==== Indwara ya Virusi y’umuceri (RYMV) ni icyorezo cyibasiye umuceri mu bihugu byo ku mugabane wa Afurika, ikaba igaragara mu bihugu hafi ya byose bihinga umuceri. Iyi ndwara iterwa na Virusi yagaragaye no mu gihugu cya Turukiya. ''Umuceri wafashwe n’indwara iterwa na virusi.'' Indwara iterwa na Virusi y’umuceri (RYMV) ikwirakwizwa n’amoko menshi y’udukoko, [[inka]], imbeba n’indogobe. Iyo udukoko dukwirakwiza virusi  turiye umuceri wafashwe  duhita tuyikwirakwiza ku muceri utarandura n’indi mirima  igiterwa aho hafi cyangwa ubuhumbikiro. Umuceri, ibihingwa virusi zihishamo zigakuriramo n’ibishibu cyangwa ibimera byimeza mu mirima hagati y’ibihembwa by’ihinga bituma virusi zikomeza kuguma mu murima. Indwara iterwa na virusi ishobora no gukwirakwizwa n’amatembabuzi ava ku gihingwa ajya ku kindi ( amazi yo kuhira, amazi ava ku gututubikana kw’igihinwa  no gukoranaho kw’ibice by’igihingwa birwaye n’ibizima ndetse no ku bisigazwa by’ibihigwa). Virusi ishobora no kuboneka mu mizi y’ibihingwa byafashwe kandi ishobora kwanduza ibindi bihingwa binyuze mu bikomere by’imizi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ehaho.rw/product/993 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226132113/https://ehaho.rw/product/993 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === '''Ibimenyetso:''' === * Ibimenyetso by’indwara ya virusi y’umuceri mbere na mbere bigaragara nk’imirongo y’amabara y’umuhondo n’icyatsi kibisi aza ku ntangiriro y’amababi akiri mato,. Ayo mabara agenda akura ateganye n’imitsi y’amababi akagaragara nk’amabara y’umuhondo cyangwa oranje. * Amababi aje nyuma y’uko igihingwa gifatwa aza afite amabara kandi akenshi aba yizingazinze. * Iyi ndwara ishobora gutuma amababi ahinduka ikigina cyijimye  kandi n’amahundo ntasohoke neza. * Umuceri warembejwe na virusi uragwingira, ukabyara ibyana bike, ukagira amahundo atarimo impeke kandi akenshi uruma. * [[Dosiye:Helminthosporium oryzae at Oryza sativa (01).jpg|thumb|indwara y'umuceri ]]Umuceri wafashwe nyuma y’minsi 20-50 ugemuwe ushobora kugaragaza amabara y’umuhondo, ukarabya ukazana n’imbuto ariko ukagwingira.<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/success-stories/article/umwihariko-w-ifumbire-y-umwimerere-ikorwa-mu-isukari-n-umuceri</ref> === '''Ni gute wayirwanya''' === Gukoresha imbuto zihanganira iyi ndwara ni bwo buryo buboneye bwo kurwanya indwara ya virusi y’umuceri (RYMV). '''Ubundi buryo bwo kuyirwanya burimo ubu bukurikira:''' * Gukoresha uburyo bwo guhingira rimwe ahantu hanini hagatererwa rimwe umuceri, hanyuma wasarurwa hakararizwa hose kugira ngo virusi n’ibihingwa bizikwirakwiza bitiyongera. * Bakimara gusarura, gutaba mu butaka ibisigazwa by’umuceri, ibishibu by’umuceri n’uwimejeje kugira ngo bagabanye ibishobora kubika virusi mu murima no kugira ngo virusi n’ibizikwirakwiza bipfe, * Gutera mbere y’uko ibikwirakwiza virusi byiyongera, * Kurandura no gutwika umuceri wafashwe cyane cyane iyo ubwandu bukiri ku rugero rwo hasi, * Kubagara buri gihe umuceri ndetse na nyuma yo gusarura kugira ngo ugabanye isoko y’indiri za virusi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/abashinwa-badukana-umuceri-mu-cyiri-hari-abangaga-kuwurya-bawita-amagi-y-ibimonyo</ref> ==== '''4. Ingenge z’imigongo (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola)''' ==== Iyi ndwara irangwa n’imirongo y’icyatsi cyijimye isa n’itose ku dutsi tw’ibibabi. Aya mabara agenda yaguka kandi yiyegeranya, agahinduka ikijuju gishyira umuhondo,akenshi ayo mabara akaba mu kibabi hagati. Indwara irakura, amababi agahinduka ikijuju cyerurutse, ubundi akuma. Ibimenyetso by’ingenge z’amababi '''Uburyo bwo kuyirinda no kuyirwanya''': * Mu ngamba zo kwirinda iyi ndwara harimo: guterera igihe ingemwe zitarwaye zavuye ku mbuto zihanganira iyi ndwara no gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ku kigero kiringaniye. Ni ngombwa kandi kugira isuku mu murima n’ahawegereye, kuyobora amazi ahagije mu murima, gutera imbuto umuti mbere yo guhumbika (Thiram-Benomyl: gr 1 ya Thiram na gr 1 ya Benomyl) muri kg y’imbuto, ukinika imbuto muri iyo mvange igihe cy’amasaha 24 mbere yo kuzitera mu buhumbikiro. * Igihe indwara yagaragaye, koresha imiti nka Propiconazole cyangwa Tebuconazole mu murima wafashwe, na Benomyl igihe indwara yagaragye mu buhumbikiro.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/igiciro-cy-umuceri-udatonoye-cyiyongereye</ref> [[Dosiye:Green rice sheaves planted in a paddy field with long shadows at golden hour in Don Det Laos.jpg|thumb|umuceli]] === '''Ibyonnyi, Udukoko n’ibyatsi bibi''' === ==== '''1.Nkongwa''' ==== Inyo za nkongwa zinjira mu gikenyeri, zikarya umutima, zigapfumura mu mapfundo. Iyo umuceri ufashwe ukiri muto ntukura neza, amababi aba umuhondo, akuma. Iyo umuceri ufashwe nyuma yo kubyara cyangwa urimo kurabya, impeke ntizizamo neza; zireruruka kandi zikaba ibihuhwe. Mu gihe cy’isarura, nkongwa zitangira kwiyubururira mu gice cyo hasi cy’igikenyeri. Iyo ihinga rihise rikurikira isarura, bituma nkongwa yiyongera. ''Ifoto igaragaza Nkongwa y’umuceri'' ==== '''Uko warwanya nkongwa:''' ==== Gutaba mu mazi ibisigazwa byo mu murima kugira ngo bibore vuba; no gutera imiti igihe ari ngombwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article700 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226132112/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article700 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === '''2. Isazi y’umuceri''' === '''Isazi y’umuceri''' ('''''Diopsis Thoracic'''''a) : Ni agakoko gafite amabara abiri : ahegereye umutwe ni umukara, naho ahandi ni nk’ikigina. Inyo ziva mu magi y’iyi sazi ni zo zangiza cyane nka nkongwa. Isazi n’inyo, byombi birya amababi, bikanyunyuza amazi. Inyo zizamuka mu ntimatima zihereye mu mizi, zikarya umutima w’igikenyeri. Umuceri utarabumbura uhinduka umuhondo. Iyo umuceri ufashwe umaze guhagika cyangwa mbere yo kuraba, amahundo ntiyirema neza, nta n’impeke  zizamo. ''Ifoto igeragaza Isazi y’umuceri'' * '''Kuyirwanya:''' Umurima ugomba guhora urimo isuku. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kongera amazi mu murima ukigaragaramo ibimenyetso by’ubwone bw’isazi y’umuceri. Hanyuma rero ni na ngombwa kurwanya isazi y’umuceri, cyane cyane ikoze mu bireti.   === '''3. Imbeba:''' === Imbeba zo mu mazu n’iz‘igasozi, zose zibasha kwangiza umuceri mu murima k’urugero rwa 20%. Uburyo bwo kuzirwanya: * Kugirira umurima isuku n’ahawukikije * [[Dosiye:Мышь 2.jpg|thumb|imbeba]]Gukoresha imitego, imiti n’izindi nyamaswa zirya imbeba. === '''4. Inyoni:''' === Inyoni z’amoko atandukanye zona umuceri zigatera igihombo ku musaruro kigera ku rugero rwa 25%-30%. '''Uburyo bwo kuzirwanya:''' * Kurinda umuceri mu mirima hakoreshejwe abantu bazirukana, * Guterera igihe ukoresheje imbuto nziza zitarwaye z’ubwoko bwihanganira inyoni (NERICA) bufite amababi asongoye inyoni zidashobora kwitendekaho; '''NB:''' Nta buryo buhamye bwo kubuza inyoni kwangiza umuceri uretse kuzirukana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article3803 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226132107/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article3803 |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Ibyatsi bibi:''' Ibyatsi bibi bikunze kuboneka mu murima w’umuceri mu [[Rwanda]] biri mu bwoko bukurikira: umutete(Echnochloa crusgali, Echnochloa Colonum); urukangaga(Cyperus diformis); umurago (Cyperus rutondus) n’ibindi. '''Uburyo bwo kubirwanya''': * Gukoresha mu rugero imiti itwika ibyatsi * Kugirira umurima isuku n’ahawukikije; * Kuyobora amazi ahagije mu murima; * Guhungura imbuto ukoresheje umuti wa ''Thiran'' na B''enomyl'', (gr 1 ya ''Thiran'' na gr 1 ya ''Benomyl'' mu  kilo cy’imbuto. Kwinika imbuto mu mvange y’amazi n’umuti mu gihe cy’amasaha 24 mbere yo kubiba imbuto mu buhumbikiro; * Kuvura indwara igihe yagaragaye mu murima ukoresheje  imiti nka ''Propiconazole'' cyangwa T''ebuconazole'' na ''Benomyl'' mu buhumbikiro.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fwJV9-Suzo</ref> === '''Gusarura''' === * Amazi agomba kuvanwa mu murima iminsi 7-10 days mbere yo gusarura, ariko ntibirenze iminsi 10. * Kuvanamo amazi mbere ho iminsi 10 byongera umuceri umenetse (ibimene) * Umuceri usarurwa nyuma y’iminsi 120-150 utewe kandi umusaruro uri hagati ya Toni 3 na Toni 9 z’umuceri udatonoye kuri Ha; * [[Dosiye:Man harvesting rice in Don Det, Laos.jpg|thumb|Gusarura umuceri]]Gukata ibitsinsi by’umuceri ukoresheje Najoro (Akayuya) byibura kuri cm 10 hejuru y’ubutaka. '''Guhura umuceri''' * Guhita uhura ako kanya ukimara kuwusarura kugira ngo twirinde ko unyanyagira. * Kuwuhura ukoresheje igihuzo banyongesha ikirenge cyangwa bakubita kuri shitingi irambuye  ku butaka neza birinda kuwuvanga n’amabuye n’ibindi bitari umuceri.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/96282/amakosa-6-abantu-bakunze-gukora-mu-guteka-umuceri-96282.html</ref> ''' '' ''''' '''Ku bwanyu''' * Ingano y’amazi cyangwa ubutote bw’umuceri (GMC) usarurwa ugereranyije ni hagati  20 na 30 % bitewe n’imiterere y’ikirere. * Kuringaniza igipimo cy’amazi mu ntete (kwanika) kugeza kuri 14 % ni ngombwa ku muceri wo gutonorwa bigabanya intete zimenetse ndetse ukanabikika igihe kirekire. * [[Dosiye:Rice Drying in Basey.JPG|thumb|Kwanika Umuceri]]kwanika umuceri udatonoye neza kugeza ku rugero rwizewe rw’ubutote rwa 14 % ni ukuwusanza neza utarundanyije cyane, byibura '''cm 5''' ku mbuga ya sima cyangwa shitingi no kuwukorakora buri kanya (buri minota 30 - 60) kugira ngo wume kimwe wose.   * Kuwanika ku zuba buhoro buhoro mu minsi 2-3 (amasaha 6-8 ku munsi bitewe n’imiterere y’ikirere bigabanya kumenagurika mu gihe cyo kuwutonora. Ni ngombwa kwirinda kuwumisha vuba vuba mu gihe gito nk’umunsi umwe. * Gupima igipimo cy’ubuhehere bw’umuceri wavuyeho igishishwa ** Gusebwa no kuwuhekenya == '''Umuceri''' == Gutonora umuceri ni igikorwa cy’ingenzi mu gutunganya umusaruro w’umuceri. Intego nyamukuru yo gutonora umuceri  ni ugukuraho igishishwa cy’inyuma n’udushishwa tundi tutwikiriye intete kugira ngo ugere ku ntete iribwa ifite ibara ry’umweru, udafite ubundi busembwa. Bitewe n’amahitamo y’abaguzi ku isoko, umuceri wagombye kuba urimo ibimene bike cyane. ==== '''Kugosora umuceri hakoreshejwe imashini cyangwa Urutaro''' ==== Umuceri ni igihingwa kidakunda izuba kikaba igihingwa gikunda amazi cyane kandi gikoreshwa cyane mu Rwanda nko mu bukwe, mu bigo by'amashuri ndetse no mu ma hoteri. Umuceri ni igihingwa gifite akamaro kanini mu iterambere ry'igihugu ugakundwa n'abana cyane kuko usanga nk'iyo bawutetse mu bigo by'amashuri abanyeshuri bashima cyane Mu Rwanda ahantu hakunzwe guhingwa umuceri ni mu karere ka Rwamagana, Gicumbi na Bugarama ukaba ufasha abaturage kwiteza imbere no guhahira imiryango yabo. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] 3lofxdgqv7fgt4plogyapulbzp1ff24 0 3142 130701 122522 2026-04-21T18:35:31Z Niwemugeni Emeline 17945 130701 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hurdling.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Imikino</span>]] [[Dosiye:Ukobakina.jpg|thumb|Uyu numwe mumikino abantu bakina kugirango baruhuke mu Mutwe.]] [[Dosiye:Umupira.jpg|thumb|Gukina umupira numukino mwiza kandi ukunzwe]] [[Dosiye:Umukino wo Koga.jpg|thumb|Gukinira mumazi nibintu bishimisha Abana]] '''Ijambo “umukino” mu Kinyarwanda rifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye cyane bitewe naho rikoresherejwe n’icyo rishaka kuvuga. Ni ijambo rifitanye isano n’imyidagaduro, siporo, umuco, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’ubuzima busanzwe.''' ---- === '''⚽ 1. Umukino nk’igisekuru cya siporo cyangwa imyidagaduro''' === * '''Umukino ni igikorwa gikozwe mu buryo bwo kwidagadura cyangwa guhatana, gikunze gukorwa mu matsinda cyangwa mu buryo bw’imyitozo.''' * '''''Urugero:'' Umukino w’amaguru, umukino wa volleyball, umukino w’intoki, n’indi.''' '''📌 Intego z’umukino:''' * '''Kwidagadura no gususurutsa abantu.''' * '''Kwigisha gukorana, kwihangana, no guhatana mu mucyo.''' * '''Gutoza umubiri kugira ubuzima bwiza.''' ---- === '''🎭 2. Umukino nk’igikorwa cy’ikinamico (drama/play)''' === * '''Aha, umukino bivuga igice cy’ikinamico gikinwa ku rubyiniro cyangwa kuri televiziyo.''' ** '''''Urugero:'' Bakinye umukino werekana amateka y’Abanyarwanda.''' ---- === '''🧠 3. Umukino w’ubwenge n’amarenga''' === * '''Hari imikino yo mu mutwe nko gukina amagambo, ikibuguzo, cyangwa gukina amarenga hagati y’abantu.''' ** '''''Urugero:'' Umukino w’amagambo cyangwa umukino w’amakarita.''' ---- === '''🗣 4. Umukino mu mvugo y’ikigereranyo''' === '''Ijambo ''umukino'' rishobora no gukoreshwa mu buryo buvuga:''' * '''Gukina n’amarangamutima cyangwa guhimba ibitagira ukuri.''' ** '''''Urugero:'' “Uwo muntu akina umukino w’amarangamutima” – bivuze ko atari inyangamugayo mu byo akora.''' ---- === '''📝 Mu ncamake:''' === {| class="wikitable" !'''Ijambo''' !'''Umukino''' |- |'''Ibisobanuro''' |'''Igikorwa cyo kwidagadura, gitoza umubiri cyangwa ubwenge''' |- |'''Aho rikoreshwa''' |'''Muri siporo, mu myidagaduro, mu mikino y’ikinamico n’amarenga''' |- |'''Ubwoko''' |'''Umukino wa siporo, umukino w’ikinamico, umukino w’amagambo''' |- |'''Ikoreshwa''' |'''Mu buryo busanzwe cyangwa bw’ikigereranyo''' |} ---- === '''🔍 Amagambo bifitanye isano:''' === * '''Gukina: gukora umukino.''' * '''Umukinnyi: umuntu ukina umukino runaka.''' * '''Imikino: izina ryeruye ry’ibikorwa byinshi by’imikino.''' ---- '''Umukino''' (ubuke '''Imikino''') cyangwa '''Siporo''' [[Dosiye:Basketball, 1. Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga, ChemCats Chemnitz LR10 by Stepro IMG 7684.jpg|thumb|ifoto y'umukinnyi wa basketball]] Mu by’ukuri siporo ntabwo inanura nk’uko abantu babikeka, ahubwo yewe ku bantu bakora siporo nyinshi ushobora no kubona biyongereye ibiro. Nta yindi mpamvu buretse ko imitsi (''muscles'') iba yaremereye ugereranyije n[[Amavuta y'inka|’amavuta]] (''graisses, fat''). Ariko nko kubantu babyibushye nta gukomera mbese nta reme bafite, mu by’ukuri baba babyibuhijwe n’amavuta bakunze kwitwa ko batepeta, iyo bakoze siporo usanga basa nk’abananuka kuko ya mavuta arayonga. Kandi iyo bakoze siporo ntibananuka ngo babe bato ahubwo usanga ibyo gutepeta bivaho ahubwo bagakomera bakagira ireme. Biba byatewe n’uko hahandi hari amavuta hasimbuwe n’ubunini bw’imitsi bwiyongereye.<ref>https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/umukino-wa-apr-fc-na-rayon-sports-washyizwe-muri-werurwe-2025/</ref> [[Dosiye:Clinch County Football.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|football]] == Amoko ya siporo ==[[File:AAmasiganwa.jpg|thumb|AAmasiganwa]] * [[Umupira w’amaguru]] [[Umupira w’agatebo]] [[Umupira w’intoke]] [[Umupira w’agakoni]] [[tenisi]] === '''Amashakiro''' === [[Category:Imikino| ]] kdul45ku1vyyvejy9md4y5i3il8hhbw 0 8167 130697 78087 2026-04-21T15:28:41Z Haki2000 17944 130697 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GisagaraDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Kibilizi uherereye mu karere ka Gisagara mu magepfo y'u Rwanda]] aha ni mu Rwanda deibmido9w53s9jpkwii0wkw8lve9zj 0 8391 130714 121222 2026-04-21T21:03:37Z Niyigaba.05 17909 130714 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Dosiye:ANTELLOPE.jpg|thumb|Zimwe mu Inyamaswa Ziba muri Pariki y'akagera|479x479px]] '''Parike ya Akagera''' ni agace karinzwe mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda gafite kilometero 1,122 (433 sq mi) ku mupaka mpuzamahanga na [[Tanzaniya]]. Yashinzwe mu 1934 kandi irimo savannah, montane n’ibishanga. Iyi parike yitiriwe umugezi wa Kagera utemba ugana ku rubibi rw’iburasirazuba ugaburira mu kiyaga cya Ihema no mu biyaga bito. Sisitemu igoye y'ibiyaga no guhuza ibishanga bya papirus bigizwe na kimwe cya gatatu cya parike, akaba ari igishanga kinini kirinzwe muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba-Hagati. == Amateka == Parike y'igihugu ya Akagera yashinzwe mu 1934 na guverinoma y'Ububiligi, icyo gihe yigarurira u Rwanda. Iyi parike yari ifite kilometero 2,500 (970 sq mi) nini kandi yari izwiho ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Akagera yahoze ifite abaturage benshi b'imbwa zo muri Afurika. Igihe kimwe, yari izwi ku izina rya 'Parc aux Lycaons' kandi imbwa zo mu gasozi zari nyinshi cyane, ku buryo leta y'Ububiligi yabonaga ko ari udukoko. Icyakora, icyorezo cyindwara cyagabanije abaturage kandi imbwa za nyuma zo mu gasozi zagaragaye mu 1984. [[Dosiye:KAGERA National Park Entry Point.jpg|thumb|amarembo yinzira muri pariki ya akagera]] Mu 1957, inkwavu z'umukara zatangijwe muri Tanzaniya. Mu myaka ya za 70, inkwavu zirabura zirenga 50 zabaga muri savannah-ubuturo bwa parike. Kubera guhiga bukware, abaturage baragabanutse mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho, kandi iheruka kwemezwa ni mu 2007. <ref name="TheGuardian2017">{{Cite web |last=Agence France-Presse |year=2017 |title=Black rhinos return to Rwanda 10 years after disappearance |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/03/black-rhinos-return-to-rwanda-10-years-after-disappearance |access-date=3 May 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu 1986, Masai giraffes yatangijwe muri Kenya. Umubare wabo wiyongereye kugera ku bantu barenga 80 mu myaka yashize. Ahagana mu 1990, Akagera yari azwiho kuba afite intare 250 kugeza 300. <ref name="Vande">Vande weghe, Jean Pierre: ''Akagera: Land of water, grass and fire'' / Jean Pierre Vande weghe. With collaboration of Thérèse Abandibakobwa, José Kalpers a.o. Photography by Philippe Dejace. Translated by Alicia L. Spruijt-Ray. - Brussels: World Wildlife Fund for Nature, 1990</ref> Mu myaka yakurikiye intambara y'abenegihugu yo mu Rwanda, abaturage bose bishwe n'abahinzi basubiye mu Rwanda nyuma y'intambara maze batura muri parike. Mu 2009, Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda (RDB) hamwe n’umuyoboro nyafurika wa Afurika bagiranye amasezerano y’imyaka 20 ishobora kongerwa ku buyobozi bukuru bwa Akagera. Isosiyete icunga Akagera yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2010 nk'urwego rushinzwe imiyoborere ya Parike y'igihugu ya Akagera. Mu myaka 5 yakurikiyeho miliyoni 10 z'amadolari yakoreshejwe mu gace ka parike y'igihugu, ku nkunga y'amafaranga yatanzwe na Howard Buffett Foundation. Icyari kigamijwe kwari ukongera umutekano wa parike y’igihugu no kongera kubyara amoko yazimye. Ingamba z’umutekano zafashwe zirimo: kubaka uruzitiro rw’iburengerazuba rufite uburebure bwa kilometero 120.0 (kilometero 74,6), kohereza kajugujugu yo kugenzura ikirere, amahugurwa y’itsinda ry’inzobere mu gukurikirana no kurinda inkwavu n’ishami rishinzwe kurwanya inyamanswa. [[Dosiye:Buffaloes_in_Akagera_National_park.jpg|thumb| Impyisi muri Parike y'igihugu ya Akagera]] Muri Nyakanga 2015, intare ndwi zo muri Afurika y'Epfo zamenyekanye kandi zirekurwa muri parike, ziba intare ya mbere mu Rwanda mu myaka 15. AndBeyond yatanze intare eshanu zo muri Phinda Private Game Reserve na Tembe Elephant Park muri KwaZulu-Natal yatanze intare ebyiri zabagabo. Iyi mbaraga yasobanuwe na Parike nyafurika ko ari "ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije haba muri parike ndetse n’igihugu" mu rwego rw’umushinga ugamije guhindura ibinyabuzima by’ibinyabuzima muri Parike y’Ageraga. Kuva mu 2015, umubare w'intare wiyongereye kugera ku nyamaswa zigera kuri 40 kandi ukomeza gutera imbere. Muri Gicurasi 2017, igikorwa cyahurijwe hamwe n’ikigo cy’iterambere ry’u Rwanda na Parike nyafurika cyongeye kugarurwa n’imvubu 18 z’umukara w’iburasirazuba ziva muri Afurika yepfo, zari zimaze imyaka 10 zidahari. Hamwe n’imyororokere y’intare n’intare byongeye kugarurwa, parike y’igihugu ubu ibamo "ibinini bitanu" byo muri Afurika: intare, ingwe yo muri Afurika, inzovu yo mu mashyamba yo muri Afurika, imvubu, n’inyamanswa zo muri Afurika. [[Dosiye:Akagera_National_Park_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb| Topi antelopes muri Parike y'igihugu ya Akagera]] [[Dosiye:Elephants_in_Akagera_National_Park_(01).jpg|thumb| Inzovu muri Parike y'igihugu ya Akagera]] Muri Kamena 2019, Akagera yakiriye izindi nkoko 5 z'umukara zo mu burasirazuba ziva muri pariki 3 zitandukanye mu bihugu 3 bitandukanye biherereye mu [[Burayi]]. Muri pariki harimo inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa Dvur Kralove zo muri Repubulika ya Tchèque, Flamingo Land yo mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] na Ree Park Safari wo muri Danimarike. Uku kwimuka nubwa mbere mubwoko bwayo, nkikintu nkiki hagati yuburayi na Afrika kitigeze kibaho mbere. Abagabo 2 nigitsina gore 3 bagejejwe neza muri parike nyuma yurugendo rwamasaha 30. Izi nyamaswa z’inyamabere zikomoka ku nkura zakuwe muri Afurika mu gihe cyabakoloni. Mu Gushyingo 2021, inkura 30 zera zahinduwe neza muri Akagera zivuye muri Phinda Private Game Reserve muri Afurika y'Epfo, mu nteruro nini nini yahinduwe. Ubu busobanuro bwari bugamije kwagura amoko no gushyiraho ikigo gishya cy’ubworozi mu Rwanda. Umubare munini w’inyamabere wiyongereye kuva mu 2010, uva ku nyamaswa 4000 mu 2010 ugera ku 13.500 muri 2018. == Ubukerarugendo == [[Dosiye:Zebra Botswana edit02.jpg|thumb|Imparage]] Kuva Parike nyafurika yatangira kuyobora parike ku bufatanye n’ikigo cy’iterambere ry’u Rwanda mu 2010, ubukerarugendo bwiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara. Mu mwaka wa 2010, abantu 8000 basuye parike. Uyu mubare wazamutse ugera ku 44.000 muri 2018. Uku kwiyongera kwatumye Akagera abasha kwibeshaho 80% bityo akaba adashingira ku baterankunga. == Inyungu parike Akagera ifitiye abayituriye == Ubwo yari mu Murenge wa Rwimbogo, Akarere ka Gatsibo, Mbabazi Marie Louise, Ushinzwe guhuza abaturage na pariki z'igihugu muri RDB, yavuzeko amafaranga ava mu bukerarugendo agaruka mu baturiye pariki. Ati;" Aho ujishe igisabo ntuhatera ibuye kubera ko amafaranga ava ku bukerarugendo avamo ibikorwa bimwe biteza abaturage imbere, kera ntabwo bigeze bamenya akamaro ka pariki baturanye nazo ariko kubera ubuyobozi bwiza bwabatekerejeho, bakora imishinga ibateza imbere kugirango barusheho gukunda pariki n'ibiyirimo n'uko bazaba bamenye akamaro kibibamo."<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/abaturiye-pariki-yakagera-bakeneweho-ubufatanye-mu-kuyirinda/</ref> Buri mwaka abaturiye Pariki y'igihugu y'Akagera basaranganywa 10% by'inyungu iba yabonetse muri Pariki binyuze mu kubakirwa ibikorwaremezo, Guteza imbere abatishoboye, Amakoperative n'ibindi bikorwa biteza imbere abaturage. Muri uyu mwaka Akarere ka Gatsibo kahawe miliyoni 98Frw, Kayonza ihabwa miliyoni 500Frw, Nyagatare ihabwa miliyoni 300Frw. Uturere dukora nk'abafatanyabikorwa bakabigira imishinga bakayishyira no mubikorwa.<ref name=":0" /> Asoza avugako abaturage baturiye Pariki z'igihugu bubakiwe amashuri atandukanye arimo ay'imyuga, amavuriro, ibigega byo gutuburiramo imbuto zo gutera no guhunikamo imbuto z'ibirayi, Amakusanyirizo, Amarerero, Amakoperative y'ububoshyi, Ububaji n'ubuvumvu bwa kijyambere.<ref name=":0" /> == reba nanone == p7ucg6wlfgi6fy66d2bw6qln10ig5el 0 8409 130715 128095 2026-04-21T21:21:22Z Niyigaba.05 17909 videwo : tembera umujyi wa musanze 130715 wikitext text/x-wiki Akarere ka Musanze :<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-inR_Z05ME</ref> ni kamwe mu turere mirongo itatu (30) tugize u Rwanda gaherereye mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]] igizwe n'uturere dutanu, ni akarere k'imisozi miremire n'ibirunga (nka Karisimbi na Bisoke) bafite ubutaka bw'iminyaruguru bukungahaye kuri pariki y'ibirunga<ref>[https://visitmusanze.com/about/#:~:text=The%20city%20is%20known%20for,maize%2C%20beans%2C%20and%20pyrethrum. https://visitmusanze.com/about/#:~:text=The%20city%20is%20known%20for,maize%2C%20beans%2C%20and%20pyrethrum.]</ref>Akarere ka Musanze gafite ubuso bungana na 530,2 Km2 zigizwe na 60 Km2 za Pariki y’Ibirunga na 28 Km2 z’Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo. Kagizwe n’imirenge 15, utugari 68 n’imidugudu 432<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/iwabo-w-ingagi-ku-gicumbi-cy-ubukerarugendo-musanze-iri-kugirwa-nshya-amafoto</ref>.. Kashyizweho n'itegeko nᵒ 29/2005, kagizwe n'icyahoze ari Umujyi wa Ruhengeri<ref name=":0">https://www.musanze.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere-1</ref>, Akarere ka Mutobo, Kinigi, n'ibice bya Bugarura na Bukamba. Uyu mujyi uzwiho ubukerarugendo, ikirere gikonje, n'ubuhinzi bw'ibirayi, bigira uruhare mu bukungu bw'u Rwanda. <ref name=":0" />[[Dosiye:Gorilla town.jpg|thumb|Musanze town]] Akarere ka Musanze gakomoka ku cyahoze ari umujyi wa [[Ruhengeri]], akarere ka Mutobo, akarere ka Kinigi, imirenge cumi n'ine( 14) [[Dosiye:MusanzeDist.png|thumb|musasnze map]] Y'icyahoze ari akarere ka Bugarura n’imirenge itatu (3) y’icyahoze ari akarere ka Bukamba. Akarere ka Musanze gafite imbibi zikurikira : * Amajyaruguru : [[Ubugande]] na Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|kongo]] * Amajyepfo : [[Akarere ka Gakenke]] * Iburasirazuba : [[Akarere ka Burera]].[[File:Landscape_Kinigi_Musanze.jpg|thumb|mu Kinigi Musanze]] * Iburengerazuba : [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]. == Akarere ka Musanze kagizwe == * Imirenge 15, * Utugali 68,[[File:This_photograph_is_located_in_Rwanda_Musanze_District.png|thumb|i Musanze]] * [[Imidugudu]] 432.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://musanze.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-08-01 |archive-date=2018-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206133224/http://musanze.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * [[Dosiye:Arenal volcano (70785p).jpg|thumb|ibirunga]]AKARERE KA MUSANZE KAGIRA AMASHURI ATANDUKANYE<ref>kigali</ref> * amashuri yisumbuye * amashuri yinshuke * amashuri abanza * AKARERE KAMUSANZE KAGARAGARA MUBIKORWA BYUBUKUNGU BITANDUKANYE ARIBYO<ref>Umuseke</ref> * ubuhinzi * ubworozi * uburobyi * ubucuruzi * ubugeni * [[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|IBIRUNGA]] BYINSHI BIHEREREYE MUKARERE KA MUSANZE * AKAMARO KIBIRUNGA MU KARERE KA MUSANZE<ref>gisagara</ref> * bikurura bamukera rugendo * bitanga ubutaka bwera * bitanga ikirere cyiza <u>ubukungumuri musanze</u> <u>UBUKERARUGENDO</u> Musanze ifite umwihariko wo kuba ikungahaye ku bukerarugendo bushingiye ku ngagi zo muri Pariki y’Ibirunga n’ibindi bikorwa bikurura abagenda aka gace gaturiye imisozi miremire. Bitandukanye no hambere, ubu imihanda yubakwa igenda yiyongera. Kuri ubu muri Musanze hari imihanda ya kaburimbo ireshya n’ibilometero makumyabiri n'umunani(28), mu gihe indi y’ibilometero 6.7 iri kubakwa. Iyi yiyongeraho imihanda y’amakoro ireshya n’ibilometero 2.6. Musanze ni igicumbi cy’ahantu nyaburanga mu Majyaruguru no mu Rwanda hose ndetse kari ku isonga mu gusurwa cyane na ba mukerarugendo bagenderera igihugu. Abakagana bagakundira ibirimo Pariki y’Ibirunga icumbikiye [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu misozi]] miremire, Buhanga Eco– park ndetse n’Ibirunga bya Muhabura, Gahinga, Kalisimbi, Bisoke na Sabyinyo bimaze kugwiza igikundiro n’ababisura biganjemo ababitondagira [hiking]. Ibi byiyongeraho amashyamba ya cyimeza agizwe n’ibirimo agashyamba ka Nkotsi na Bikara. Aya ni yo atuma Akarere ka Musanze karangwa n’amahumbezi cyane ko ayo mashyamba yiganjemo imigano. Musanze inafite amashyamba y’amaterano agizwe ahanini n’inturusu n’ibiti birimo iby’imbuto ziribwa. Abatemberera i Musanze banaryoherwa no gusura inyamaswa zirimo ingagi, imbogo, inyoni, inkima n’inkende, impongo n’izindi zo mu misozi miremire. Usibye gusura ibirunga, Musanze ifite ibindi byiza nyaburanga birimo Ellen DeGeneres Campus, Ibiyaga bya Burera na Ruhondo, gusura inyoni, Isumo rya Gasumo, Ubuvumo bwa Musanze, Red Rocks Rwanda n’ibindi. Bitewe n’ubwinshi bw’abahasura, bituma na hoteli n’amacumbi abacumbikira agenda yaguka umunsi ku wundi. Kuri ubu mu Karere ka Musanze hari hoteli 42, zirimo eshanu z’inyenyeri eshanu, n’andi macumbi muri rusange agera kuri 112. Mu myaka ine ishize, kubona hoteli y’inyenyeri eshanu mu Karere ka Musanze byari nk’inzozi. Ubu aka gace gacumbikiye hoteli eshanu ziri ku rwego rwo hejuru, zirimo Bisate Eco Lodge, Singita Kwitonda Lodge and Kataza House, One and Only Gorilla’s Nest, Wilderness Sabyinyo na Amakoro Songa Lodge. Kuri ubu Umujyi wa Musanze uri kuvugururwa umunsi ku wundi aho uwugezemo ubona inyubako z’amagorofa ziri kuzamurwa ubutitsa mu kurushaho kuwagura. Izi zizimo izo guturamo, isoko ry’imbuto n’imboga riri kubakwa bundi bushya n’izindi. Guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]] yihaye kugeza inyungu iva mu bukerarugendo kuri miliyoni $800 mu 2024 ivuye kuri miliyoni $440 nk’intego yari yashyizweho mu 2017. Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere, RDB, rwatangaje ko ubukerarugendo bwinjirije u Rwanda miliyoni $247, asaga miliyari 290 Frw, mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y’umwaka wa 2023. Ni imibare yazamutse ku kigero cya 56% ugereranyije na miliyoni 158$ zari zabonetse mu gihe nk’icyo mu 2022.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/iwabo-w-ingagi-ku-gicumbi-cy-ubukerarugendo-musanze-iri-kugirwa-nshya-amafoto</ref> == References == <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=musanze+district&title=Special:MediaSearch&type=image</ref> [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Musanze| ]] [[Dosiye:Musanze Monument.jpg|thumb|I Musanze ]] cbxg7cv84d2evu5jzzboddux4v2glen 130716 130715 2026-04-21T21:31:46Z Niyigaba.05 17909 130716 wikitext text/x-wiki Akarere ka Musanze :<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-inR_Z05ME</ref> ni kamwe mu turere mirongo itatu (30) tugize u Rwanda gaherereye mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]] igizwe n'uturere dutanu, ni akarere k'imisozi miremire n'ibirunga (nka Karisimbi na Bisoke) bafite ubutaka bw'iminyaruguru bukungahaye kuri pariki y'ibirunga<ref>[https://visitmusanze.com/about/#:~:text=The%20city%20is%20known%20for,maize%2C%20beans%2C%20and%20pyrethrum. https://visitmusanze.com/about/#:~:text=The%20city%20is%20known%20for,maize%2C%20beans%2C%20and%20pyrethrum.]</ref>Akarere ka Musanze gafite ubuso bungana na 530,2 Km2 zigizwe na 60 Km2 za Pariki y’Ibirunga na 28 Km2 z’Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo. Kagizwe n’imirenge 15, utugari 68 n’imidugudu 432<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/iwabo-w-ingagi-ku-gicumbi-cy-ubukerarugendo-musanze-iri-kugirwa-nshya-amafoto</ref>.. Kashyizweho n'itegeko nᵒ 29/2005, kagizwe n'icyahoze ari Umujyi wa Ruhengeri<ref name=":0">https://www.musanze.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere-1</ref>, Akarere ka Mutobo, Kinigi, n'ibice bya Bugarura na Bukamba. Uyu mujyi uzwiho ubukerarugendo, ikirere gikonje, n'ubuhinzi bw'ibirayi, bigira uruhare mu bukungu bw'u Rwanda. <ref name=":0" />[[Dosiye:Gorilla town.jpg|thumb|Musanze town]] Akarere ka Musanze gakomoka ku cyahoze ari umujyi wa [[Ruhengeri]], akarere ka Mutobo, akarere ka Kinigi, imirenge cumi n'ine( 14) [[Dosiye:MusanzeDist.png|thumb|musasnze map]] Y'icyahoze ari akarere ka Bugarura n’imirenge itatu (3) y’icyahoze ari akarere ka Bukamba. Akarere ka Musanze gafite imbibi zikurikira : * Amajyaruguru : [[Ubugande]] na Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|kongo]] * Amajyepfo : [[Akarere ka Gakenke]] * Iburasirazuba : [[Akarere ka Burera]].[[File:Landscape_Kinigi_Musanze.jpg|thumb|mu Kinigi Musanze]] * Iburengerazuba : [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]. == Akarere ka Musanze kagizwe == * Imirenge 15, * Utugali 68,[[File:This_photograph_is_located_in_Rwanda_Musanze_District.png|thumb|i Musanze]] * [[Imidugudu]] 432.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://musanze.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-08-01 |archive-date=2018-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206133224/http://musanze.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * [[Dosiye:Arenal volcano (70785p).jpg|thumb|ibirunga]]AKARERE KA MUSANZE KAGIRA AMASHURI ATANDUKANYE<ref>kigali</ref> * amashuri yisumbuye * amashuri yinshuke * amashuri abanza * AKARERE KAMUSANZE KAGARAGARA MUBIKORWA BYUBUKUNGU BITANDUKANYE ARIBYO<ref>Umuseke</ref> * ubuhinzi * ubworozi * uburobyi * ubucuruzi * ubugeni * [[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|IBIRUNGA]] BYINSHI BIHEREREYE MUKARERE KA MUSANZE * AKAMARO KIBIRUNGA MU KARERE KA MUSANZE<ref>gisagara</ref> * bikurura bamukera rugendo * bitanga ubutaka bwera * bitanga ikirere cyiza <u>ubukungumuri musanze</u> <u>UBUKERARUGENDO</u> Musanze ifite umwihariko wo kuba ikungahaye ku bukerarugendo bushingiye ku ngagi zo muri Pariki y’Ibirunga n’ibindi bikorwa bikurura abagenda aka gace gaturiye imisozi miremire. Bitandukanye no hambere, ubu imihanda yubakwa igenda yiyongera. Kuri ubu muri Musanze hari imihanda ya kaburimbo ireshya n’ibilometero makumyabiri n'umunani(28), mu gihe indi y’ibilometero 6.7 iri kubakwa. Iyi yiyongeraho imihanda y’amakoro ireshya n’ibilometero 2.6. Musanze ni igicumbi cy’ahantu nyaburanga mu Majyaruguru no mu Rwanda hose ndetse kari ku isonga mu gusurwa cyane na ba mukerarugendo bagenderera igihugu. Abakagana bagakundira ibirimo [[Pariki y’Ibirunga mu rwanda|Pariki y’Ibirunga]] icumbikiye [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu misozi]] miremire, Buhanga Eco– park ndetse n’Ibirunga bya Muhabura, Gahinga, Kalisimbi, Bisoke na Sabyinyo bimaze kugwiza igikundiro n’ababisura biganjemo ababitondagira [hiking]. Ibi byiyongeraho amashyamba ya cyimeza agizwe n’ibirimo agashyamba ka Nkotsi na Bikara. Aya ni yo atuma Akarere ka Musanze karangwa n’amahumbezi cyane ko ayo mashyamba yiganjemo imigano. Musanze inafite amashyamba y’amaterano agizwe ahanini n’inturusu n’ibiti birimo iby’imbuto ziribwa. Abatemberera i Musanze banaryoherwa no gusura inyamaswa zirimo ingagi, imbogo, inyoni, inkima n’inkende, impongo n’izindi zo mu misozi miremire. Usibye gusura ibirunga, Musanze ifite ibindi byiza nyaburanga birimo Ellen DeGeneres Campus, Ibiyaga bya Burera na Ruhondo, gusura inyoni, Isumo rya Gasumo, Ubuvumo bwa Musanze, Red Rocks Rwanda n’ibindi. Bitewe n’ubwinshi bw’abahasura, bituma na hoteli n’amacumbi abacumbikira agenda yaguka umunsi ku wundi. Kuri ubu mu Karere ka Musanze hari hoteli 42, zirimo eshanu z’inyenyeri eshanu, n’andi macumbi muri rusange agera kuri 112. Mu myaka ine ishize, kubona hoteli y’inyenyeri eshanu mu Karere ka Musanze byari nk’inzozi. Ubu aka gace gacumbikiye hoteli eshanu ziri ku rwego rwo hejuru, zirimo Bisate Eco Lodge, Singita Kwitonda Lodge and Kataza House, One and Only Gorilla’s Nest, Wilderness Sabyinyo na Amakoro Songa Lodge. Kuri ubu Umujyi wa Musanze uri kuvugururwa umunsi ku wundi aho uwugezemo ubona inyubako z’amagorofa ziri kuzamurwa ubutitsa mu kurushaho kuwagura. Izi zizimo izo guturamo, isoko ry’imbuto n’imboga riri kubakwa bundi bushya n’izindi. Guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]] yihaye kugeza inyungu iva mu bukerarugendo kuri miliyoni $800 mu 2024 ivuye kuri miliyoni $440 nk’intego yari yashyizweho mu 2017. Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere, RDB, rwatangaje ko ubukerarugendo bwinjirije u Rwanda miliyoni $247, asaga miliyari 290 Frw, mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y’umwaka wa 2023. Ni imibare yazamutse ku kigero cya 56% ugereranyije na miliyoni 158$ zari zabonetse mu gihe nk’icyo mu 2022.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/iwabo-w-ingagi-ku-gicumbi-cy-ubukerarugendo-musanze-iri-kugirwa-nshya-amafoto</ref> == References == <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=musanze+district&title=Special:MediaSearch&type=image</ref> [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Musanze| ]] [[Dosiye:Musanze Monument.jpg|thumb|I Musanze ]] b8ieb1phqx4as1ib9hjm0ooxfw5ls6f 0 8457 130696 130470 2026-04-21T15:24:22Z Haki2000 17944 Ihindura nyandiko 130696 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kamonyi.jpg|thumb|Kamonyi iherere muri mu ntara y'amajyepfo ]] Intara y'amajyepfo ukaba imwe mu ntara enye numugi wakigali zigize u [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.southernprovince.gov.rw/</ref>. Igizwe nibyahoze ari intara ya [[Butare]],Gikongoro, na Gitarama <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.southernprovince.gov.rw/index.php?id=20&L=tziwxcudntgvxpu |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2020-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027130048/https://www.southernprovince.gov.rw/index.php?id=20&L=tziwxcudntgvxpu |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[File:Rwanda SouthProvDists.png|alt=Ikarita y'Intara y'Amajyepfo y' u Rwanda|thumb|617x617px|Ikarita y'Intara y'Amajyepfo y' u Rwanda]] ubu ikaba igizwe n uturere dutandukanye aritwo [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]], Gisagara , Nyaruguru ,[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]] ,muhanga Ruhango, kamonyi na Huye === Aho Iherereye === Mu majyepfo : Burundi mu majyaruguru: [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] iburengerazuba : [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y'uburengerazuba]] Iburasirazuba : [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Intara y'uburasirazuba]] ==== Uturere tugize intara ==== 1[[Akarere ka Gisagara|.Akarere ka Gisagara]] 2. [[Akarere ka Huye]] 3. [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]] 4. [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] 5.[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] 6.[[Akarere ka Nyanza]] 7. [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] 8. [[Akarere ka Ruhango]] ==== Ihuza ryo hanze ==== jba7nd4l9bf92pkmzzxsl94upmg9pfe 0 8460 130740 128145 2026-04-22T11:45:14Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130740 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Iskfacilities.jpg|thumb|Ibyumba by'amashuri meza mu Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Picture_of_the_school_ground.jpg|thumb|Picture of the school ground]] Uru ni urutonde rw'amashuri yo mu gihugu cy’u [[Rwanda]], aherereye muntara zigize igihugu cy'uRwanda. Amakuru nayo muri 2003[akenewe guhindura],[needs update]. Mu gihugu hari amashuri abanza 2,262 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda Development Gateway - Portail de l'Education |url=http://www.rwandagateway.org/education/article.php3?id_article=91 |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2016-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814070710/http://www.rwandagateway.org/education/article.php3?id_article=91 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> n'amashuri yisumbuye 504<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda Development Gateway - Portail de l'Education |url=http://www.rwandagateway.org/education/article.php3?id_article=94 |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2016-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814094201/http://www.rwandagateway.org/education/article.php3?id_article=94 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>. == Intara y'Iburasirazuba == Amashuri yo mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba, u Rwanda]] arimo: * Groupe Scolaire Nyabagendwa * Groupe Scolaire Remera Catholique * Groupe Scolaire Rilima * Groupe Scolaire Saint Aloys, Rwamagana * [http://maranyundogirlsschool.org/ Ishuri ry'abakobwa rya Maranyundo] <ref>[http://www.maranyundogirlsschool.org Maranyundo Girls School]</ref> * Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Montfort, u Rwanda * Nyamata Bright School * Gashora Abakobwa ishuri ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga * Petit Seminaire St Kizito Zaza * Groupe Scolaire Karenge * groupe scolaire ruhunda * ecole secondaire de rukira * Kayonza Modern School *college baptise de ngarama(COBANGA) *ES Apem ngarama *Groupe scolaire Rango *''Group scolaire GAKOMA'' *Group scolaire INDANGAMIRWA *'''ALAIN USENGIMANA w'NYAGAHITA''' == Umujyi wa Kigali == Amashuri yo mu [[Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]] arimo:{{div col|colwidth=30em}} ''' * [[Lycée de Kigali]] * [[Fawe Girls' School]] * [[Kagarama Secondary School]] * [[Ecole Secondaire Kanombe/EFOTEC]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20211209142549/https://www.collegesaintandre.ac.rw/ College Saint Andres] ''' Amashuri ari hejuri ni ay'imena muri Kigali mu gutsindisha * [[Lycée de Kicukiro APADE]] * [[École Antoine de Saint-Exupéry de Kigali|Ecole Francaise Antoine de Saint Exupery]] (French School) * [[École Belge de Kigali]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ecole Belge de Kigali (in French) |url=http://www.ebk.ac.rw/ |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2015-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421073602/http://www.ebk.ac.rw/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * [[Excella School]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Excella School |url=http://www.excellaschool.rw/ |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2020-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304083626/http://www.excellaschool.rw/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * [[Hope Academy Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hope Academy Rwanda |url=http://hopeacademyrwanda.com/ |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2019-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228054734/http://www.hopeacademyrwanda.com/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * [[International School of Kigali]] <ref>[http://www.iskr.org International School of Kigali]</ref> * [[Kigali International Community School]] <ref>[http://www.kicsrw.org Kigali International Community School]</ref> * [[AIS Rwanda]] <ref>[http://aisrwanda.com Acron International School of Rwanda] (Cambridge School +250 786-514-715)</ref> * [[Blooming Buds School, Kacyiru]], Kigali <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thebloomingbuds.com/ |title=Blooming Buds School, Kacyiru, Kigali |access-date=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2020-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923135645/https://thebloomingbuds.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[College Ami Des Enfants]] * [[College de l'Espoir de Gasogi]] * [https://www.collegesaintandre.ac.rw/ College Saint Andre] * [[La Colombiere School]] * [[Doves Montessori school]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.doveschoolmontessori.com/ |title=Doves Montessori school |access-date=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2020-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030190107/http://doveschoolmontessori.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[The Earth School, The International Montessori School of Rwanda]] <ref>[http://www.theearthschoolafrica.com The Earth School]</ref> * [[Fruits of Hope Academy]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fruits of Hope Academy |url=http://fruitsofhopeacademykigali.rw/ |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2020-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304093015/http://fruitsofhopeacademykigali.rw/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * [[Blue Lakes International School(BLIS)]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bluelakesinternationalschool.rw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-date=2024-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215211112/https://bluelakesinternationalschool.rw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Green Hills Academy, Kigali]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://greenhillsacademy.rw/ |title=Green Hills Academy |access-date=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2020-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814130749/http://www.greenhillsacademy.rw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Groupe Scolaire ADB]] * [[Groupe Scolaire Apred Ndera]] * [[GS Aiper Nyandungu]] * [[Hagos International School]]<ref>[http://www.hagosinternationalschool.com Hagos International School]</ref> * [[New Vision High School]] * [[Petit Seminaire Saint Vincent Ndera]] * [[Riviera High School]] * [[Saint Ignatius High School Kibagabaga]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://amashuri.com/sihs/ |title=Saint Ignatius High School Kibagabaga |access-date=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2019-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129152211/http://amashuri.com/sihs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[SOS Hermann Gmeiner Technical High School]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=SOS Hermann Gmeiner Technical High School |url=http://www.soshgths.org/ |accessdate=2021-08-09 |archive-date=2020-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427084148/http://soshgths.org/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * [[STAR School]] <ref>[https://rwandastarschool.org]</ref> * [[Wellspring Academy]] * [[White Dove Girls School]]{{div col end}} * King David Academy <ref>[https://www.kingdavidacademy.co]</ref> * Ishuri ry'incuke * Ishuri mpuzamahanga rya Saint Paul (SPIS) <ref>[http://www.spis.ac.rw/]</ref> ==Intara y'Iburengerazuba== *[[College De Gisenyi Inyemeramihigo]] *[[ETO Mibirizi]] *[[Ecole agricole et veterinaire de Ntendezi]] *[[Lycee Notre Damme de Nyundo]] *Gisenyi Advantist Secondary School (GASS) *Ecole de Sciences de Gisenyi (ESG) *Groupe Scolaire Saint Joseph Birambo *Groupe Scolaire Gihundwe *Ecole secondaire Gishoma *Groupe scolaire Rwinzuki *St Joseph Nyamasheke *Butambamo secondary school *Nkombo Secondary school *St Matthew's School_Rusizi *St Matthew's School_Nyamasheke ==See also== * [[Uburezi mu Rwanda]] * [[Urutonde rw'amashuri]] * [[GISHOMA SECONDARY SCHOOL]] ==Reba ibyerekeye== {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201031065742/http://edorica.com/schools-location "Edorica" List of schools by location] 23."NellyNelson.com" ==Amahuza yo Hanze== *https://web.archive.org/web/20010122053400/http://www.nur.ac.rw/rwanda5.htm [[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Rwanda|Schools]] [[Category:Lists of organisations based in Rwanda|Schools]] [[Category:Lists of schools by country|Rwanda]] [[Category:Lists of schools in Africa|Rwanda]] [[Category:Rwanda education-related lists|Schools]] [[Category:Schools in Rwanda|*]] *[[Groupe Scolaire Marie Reine Rwaza]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mariereinerwaza.rw/ |title=Groupe Scolaire Marie Reine Rwaza |access-date=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2020-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718231055/http://mariereinerwaza.rw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[College Methodiste Unie de Rushashi]] (CMUR) *[[E A V Rushashi]] *[[Ecole des Sciences de Musanze]] *[[Ecole Islamique de Musanze]] *[[Ecole Primaire de Bwuzuri]] *[[Ecole primaire de Miyove]] *[[Ecole Primaire EER muhoza]] *[[Ecole Secondaire de Buhuga]] *[[Ecole Primaire Muhoza 1]] *[[Ecole secondaire Kagogo]] *[[Ecole séminaire de Karuganda]] *[[Ecole séminaire de Nyarutovu]] *[[Excel School]] *[[Groupe Scholaire de Nyundo I]] *[[Groupe scolaire APAPEDUC Bungwe]] *[[Groupe Scolaire de Mataba]] *[[Groupe Scolaire de Miyove]] *[[Groupe Scolaire de Mushongi]] *[[Groupe Scolaire de Nemba I]] *[[Groupe Scolaire Gakoro]] *[[Groupe Scolaire Notre Dame du Bon Conseil Byumba]] *[[Groupe scolaire Rugali]] *[[Groupe scolaire Shashi]] *[[Inyange Girls' School of Science]] *[[Petit séminaire Saint Jean Nkumba]] *[[Regina Pacis School, Ruhengeri]] (former Ecole Française de Ruhengeri) *[[Sonrise High School]] *[[Wisdom school]] *[[OPAPEP Nursery & Primary School]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=OPAPEP Nursery And Primary School |url=http://opapep.rw/ |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2019-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001142128/http://www.opapep.rw/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> *[[Ecole Primaire Notre Dame de Fatima]] {{ESSA-Ruhengeri} [[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Rwanda|Schools]] [[Category:Lists of organisations based in Rwanda|Schools]] [[Category:Lists of schools by country|Rwanda]] [[Category:Lists of schools in Africa|Rwanda]] [[Category:Rwanda education-related lists|Schools]] [[Category:Schools in Rwanda|*]] [[Category:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Amashuri]] sm6tgiyjpmxnbumlrklf7bmuxmgg59w 0 8714 130730 125623 2026-04-22T08:14:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130730 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda_schoolchildren.jpg|thumb|254x254px| Abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri abanza mu Rwanda]] [[File:2018-03-23_OLPC_training_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|248x248px| 2018-03-23 Amahugurwa ya OLPC mu Rwanda]] == Amateka yuburezi [[Rwanda|bw'u Rwanda]] == == Mbere yo Mu mwaka 1900 == '''Uburezi mu Rwanda''' ntabwo bwari busanzwe kandi bwatangwaga ahanini binyuze [[Miryango|mumuryango]] . Amasomo yatangwaga kandi binyuze mu matorero. aho bigaga ibya gisirikare, ibijyanye n'intambara, gucura ibyuma, ibisigo, kuboha ibitebo, n'ibindi Ubumenyi bwabo mubuzima. == Mu mwaka 1960 kugeza mu mwaka 1994 == Nyuma y'ubwigenge, hibanzwe ku kuvugurura gahunda y'uburezi no guteza imbere integanyanyigisho z'igihugu. Intego nyamukuru kwari ukugera ku bana benshi bo mu [[Rwanda]] cyane cyane kunoza uburyo bwo kwiga mu cyaro. Gahunda yigihugu no guhinduranya igitondo n'ikigorobabyatangijwe mu mwaka 1966. Kuva mu mwaka 1977 ,amashuri abanza yari imyaka 8 mu [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]], mugihe amashuli yisumbuye yigishijwaga mu[[Igifaransa|gifaransa]]. == Kuva Mu mwaka 1994 kugeza Mu mwaka 2012 == [[Dosiye:I5H80331 02.jpg|thumb|ikigo cy' amashuri cya Ruhunda cyinjijwe muri Wiki clubs]] Imyaka ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi yibanze ku gushora imari kwabantu no kongera umubare w’abanyeshuri.mu mwaka 1996 hashyizweho amashuri abanza yimyaka 6, ikiciro rusange cyayisumbuye cyimyaka 3, nayisumbuye yimyaka 3, aho [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] yari ururimi rwo kwigisha kugeza kumyaka 6 y'ibanze, mugihe ayisumbuye , yahindutse igifaransa nicyongereza . Mu mwaka wa 2006, Gahunda ya 4 y’Ingamba z’Uburezi (ESSP 2006–2010) yashyizeho amashuri atishyurwa -9 Yibanze - harimo abanza na tatu yisumbuye. Mugihe igipimo cyo kwiyandikisha cyazamutse, ibiciro bijyanye nishuri byakomeje kuba inzitizi kuri benshi. [[Dosiye:Don Bosco School Gatenga.jpg|thumb|Ishusho iherereye mu kigo cya don bosco mu Gatenga]] Mu mwaka wa 2008, mu rwego rwo gushimangira kwinjira ku [[Rwanda]] m'umuryango [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba]] (EAC), [[icyongereza]] cyemejwe nkururimi rw’igihugu rwigisha, imyaka 3 gusa yambere y’amashuli abanza niyo yigishwa mu [[Kinyarwanda]]. Hashyizweho abayobozi benshi bashya: * Ikigo [https://web.archive.org/web/20190503215557/http://www.wda.gov.rw/en gishinzwe guteza imbere abakozi (WDA)] cyashinzwe mu mwaka 2008 kugira ngo gikemure muri politiki nziza, gukenera amahugurwa ya tekiniki n’imyuga kwabakozi. * Ikigo [https://web.archive.org/web/20210126202344/http://www.reb.rw/ gishinzwe uburezi mu Rwanda (REB)], cyashinzwe mu mwaka 2011, cyabaye ikigo gishyira mu bikorwa uburezi rusange: gutanga politiki y’uburezi ibitekerezo ku bumenyi, guhuza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda z’uburezi, kugenzura iterambere ry’imyigishirize, ibipimo by’uburezi, ibizamini by’igihugu ku bumenyi, n'ibindi. * Muri Gashyantare mu mwaka 2018 [[Rwanda Polytechnic]] ( http://www.rp.gov.rw/ )yashyizweho ibumbira hamwe Ishuri rikuru ry'imyuga (IPRC), yabaye ikigo cy'ibikorwa n'amahame ya tekiniki, n'imyuga y'igihugu, etc == Kuva Mu mwaka 2012 kugeza Mu mwaka 2016 == [[Dosiye:I5H80331.jpg|thumb|Wiki Clubs mu ishuri]] Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, muri gahunda nshya y’ingamba z’uburezi (ESSP 2013-2015), intego yavuye mu kongera umubare w'abinjira n'abiyandikisha mu myaka 9 y'ibanze igera ku kuzamura ireme n’akamaro k’ishuri ndetse no kongera amahirwe yo kwiga amashuri yisumbuye hatangijwe imyaka 12 y’ibanze. Politiki yuburezi (12YBE), ituma amafaranga yishuri atishyurwa kugeza mumashuri yisumbuye. == Minisiteri y'Uburezi == '''Minisitiri w’uburezi''' Dr. Valentine Uwamariya yasimbuye Dr Eugene Mutimura mu mwaka 2020 aba minisitiri w’uburezi [[Dosiye:Dr._Valentine_Uwamariya.jpg|thumb|Minisitiri w'uburezi mu Rwanda Dr. Valentine Uwamariya ]] == '''Ubutumwa n'Intego''' == "Kurwanya ubujiji no kutamenya gusoma." "Gutanga abakozi bafite akamaro mu iterambere ry'ubukungu n'umuryango by'u [[Rwanda]] binyuze mu burezi n'amahugurwa" == Amafaranga yuburezi == Uburezi bufite 15% byingengo y'igihugu muriyo 9.5% ahabwa HE Mu 2003 amafaranga leta yakoresheje mu burezi yari Miliyari 48 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda (ni ukuvuga miliyoni 48.6 z'amapound cyangwa miliyoni 86 z'Amanyamerika). Hagati ya 1996 na 2001 amafaranga rusange yakoreshejwe ava kuri 3.2% agera kuri 5.5%. Icyakora ibyinshi muribi byakoreshejwe mu mashuri yisumbuye. == Ibipimo byuburezi == [[File:Schule_Mpushi-Ruanda.jpg|thumb| Icyumba cy'ishuri i Mpushi]] Inzego zikurikira zigenzura ibipimo byuburezi - Urwego rw'ubwubatsi n'ibikoresho * Gushiraho ibipimo by'icyumba cy'ishuli /ubwubatsi bwishuri. - Inama y’igihugu ishinzwe ibizamini * Gushyiraho ibipimo byamanota niterambere murwego rukurikira rwuburezi. Ishami rishinzwe igenamigambi * Gushyiraho no gukurikirana ibipimo byerekana imikorere ya sisitemu. - Ubugenzuzi Bukuru bw’Uburezi * [[Dosiye:Umuco mu mashuri.jpg|thumb|Abanyeshuri bari kwigisha umuco]]Kugenzura no gutanga inama kubijyanye no kubahiriza amahame. == Ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho(ICT) mu burezi == [[File:OLPC_classroom_teaching.JPG|thumb| Ishuri rya [[Laptop imwe kuri buri mwana (OLPC)|OLPC]], mumashuri abanza]] Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] yashyizeho ingamba z'igihugu mu ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho (ICT). Ibi bihuzwa n’ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ry’u [[Rwanda]] (RITA) cyari kigamije kuba urwego rw’igihugu mu rwego rwo gushyigikira iterambere no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa remezo by’itangazamakuru n’itumanaho mu nzego za Leta n’abikorera. Minisiteri y’Uburezi (MINEDUC) [http://mineduc.gov.rw/] igira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya ICT mu mashuri kandi ikaba iyobora umushinga [[Laptop imwe kuri buri mwana (OLPC)|umwe wa mudasobwa igendanwa ku mwana]] [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Rwanda] mu gihugu. Nubwo muri iki gihe hari ubumenyi buke bwa ICT n’inkunga ya tekiniki, uburezi bwa ICT bwigishwa mu mashuri makuru kugeza mu mashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye. Kwigisha ICT byatangiye gutanga umusaruro , aho abanyeshuri benshi ubu babona ibiraka bagahabwa umushahara mwiza (ukurikije ibipimo byaho). U [[Rwanda]] kandi rushobora gukurura ubucuruzi binyuze mu ndimi ebyiri Igifaransa n'Icyongereza zikoreshwa n'abaturage benshi. [[Rwanda Education Commons]] (REC) ni gahunda yimyaka ine iterwa inkunga na [[USAID]] mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya ICT mu burezi. Kuva REC yafungura ibiro byayo muri [[MINEDUC]] muri Mutarama mu mwaka 2009, yakoze mu rwego rwo kwagura ubumenyi bw'abarimu, guhuza abarezi hagati yabo, ndetse no gushishikariza no guha ubushobozi abarimu. REC yesheje umuhigo wo kugera ku ntego zayo no kumenyekana nk'umufatanyabikorwa ufatika kandi mwiza mu gufasha u [[Rwanda]] kugera kuri ICT mu ntego z'uburezi. REC yateguye urubuga rwuburezi kuri interineti www.educationcommons.rw Uyu muryango wa interineti urimo isomero riteye imbere ryujuje ubuziranenge ninteganyanyigisho, inama zungurana ibitekerezo, ibikoresho byimbuga rusange, hamwe namakuru. Abarimu barenga 1.630 biyandikishije kuri uru rubuga kandi bahora barukoresha. Bamwe mu banyeshuri bagiye biga muri kaminuza nyafurika yemerera abanyeshuri kwiga kumurongo mugihe bigishwa nabarimu baturutse mubindi bihugu. Mu Kwakira umwaka 2006, Komisiyo ya e-Africa ya [[Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika|NEPAD]] yatangije umushinga wo kurushaho guteza imbere ICT mu mashuri yo mu [[Rwanda]]. Umushinga uzahuza amashuri muri Afrika, harimo abanza n'ayisumbuye, kandi ugamije kwaguka; amaherezo izashyiramo amashuri yisumbuye yose yu Rwanda. Ibigo bibiri nibyo bifite uruhare runini mu burezi bwa ICT - KIST (Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga rya Kigali) na KIE (Ikigo cy’uburezi cya [[Kigali]] . [[Dosiye:Children preparing salads.jpg|thumb|Abanyeshuri biga gutegura Salade]] Kuva mu mwaka 2005, KIE yagize uruhare muri ICT muri gahunda y’uburezi mu rwego rw’umushinga munini wa EdQual , uterwa inkunga n’ishami ry’[[Ubwongereza]] rishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga DfID kandi urimo ibihugu bine by’abafatanyabikorwa ba [[Afurika]]. Gahunda ya EdQual mu [[Rwanda]] yagiye ikorana n’abarimu bo mu mashuri 12 abanza nayisumbuye mu [[Rwanda]]. Binyuze muri gahunda y'amahugurwa n'ibikorwa mumashuri, abarimu bagiye batezimbere ubumenyi bwabo bwa ICT no gukoresha ICT kugirango bashyigikire kwigisha no kwiga siyanse n'imibare. Ubundi bushakashatsi buciriritse bwa EdQual bwagereranije umushinga wa [[Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika|NEPAD]] mu mashuri yo mu [[Rwanda]] na [[Kenya]]. == Igipimo cyo gusoma no kwandika == Igipimo cyo gusoma no kwandika mu gihugu, cyerekanye ko abafite imyaka 15 kuzamura bashobora gusoma no kwandika, cyari 71% mu mwaka 2009, 38% mu 1978 na 58% mu mwaka 1991. == Imbogamizi z'uburezi mu Rwanda == Urwego rw'uburezi umuntu aba afite akenshi rubonwa nk'uburyo bwo gukusanya imari ifasha mu iterambere ry'ibihugu. Mu [[Rwanda]], mu myaka yashize guverinoma yashyize mu bikorwa politiki yo kugira ngo habeho umubare munini w'abaturage bazi gusoma no kwandika. Mu mwka 2004–2008, 77% by'abagabo n'abagore bari bazi gusoma no kwandika, ibyo bikaba ari ijanisha ryinshi, nyamara, abakomeza amashuri yisumbuye bahagaze kuri 31%. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, '''Minisiteri y'Uburezi (MINEDUC)''' igaragara nkitarashobora kwesa umuhigo wo kugirango abana bato bose bajye ku ishuli. Urwego rw'uburezi, mu [[Rwanda]], rukomeje kuba ruto nubwo hashyizwe mu bikorwa politiki y'uburezi buteganijwe ku mashuri abanza (imyaka 6) ndetse n'ayisumbuye (imyaka 3 ) iyobowe n'amashuri ya [[Leta]]. Abana ntibasabwa kuriha amafaranga yishuri kuri ayo mashuri. Biteganijwe ko umunyarwanda arangiza impuzandengo y'imyaka 10,6 y'uburezi. Ariko, impuzandengo y'imyaka u [[Rwanda]] ikoresha mumashuri ni imyaka 3.3, ibyo bikaba biri munsi yibyateganijwe. Bikaba biri no munsi y'imyaka isanzwe y'ishuri mubihugu byateye imbere na [[Afrika]] yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara, kuko ho biga imyaka 10.0 n'imyaka 4.5. Hashingiwe kuri raporo '''y’iterambere ry’abantu''' 2010 '''(HDI)''', [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ruri ku mwanya wa 152 mu bihugu 169 byose biri mu cyiciro cy’iterambere ry’abantu. Umubare w’abanyarwanda binjira mu mashuri wiyongereye hagati yu mwaka 2001 na 2008, ariko ibikoresho n’umutungo ntibyiyongereye ku kigero kimwe. Kwiyandikisha mu mashuri abanza byikubye hafi kabiri mu myaka icumi ishize, ku mpuzandengo y’ubwiyongere buri mwaka ya 5.4 ku ijana hagati ya 1998 na 2009, igera ku banyeshuri bagera kuri miliyoni 2.2 muri 2008. Icyakora, ubwiyongere bw'abanyeshuri bwatinze mu 2007/08 hiyongereyeho abanyeshuri 40.000 gusa, ugereranije no kwiyongera kw'abanyeshuri 160.000 muri 2005/06. Igitangaje ni uko nta kwiyongera gukomeye kugaragara nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’uburezi bwibanze ku buntu mu 2003/04, bivuze ko ibintu bitari amafaranga y’ishuri bigira uruhare mu cyemezo cyo kohereza [[umwana]] ku ishuri. Mu mwaka wa 2008, abanyeshuri bagera ku 71 bo mu mashuli abanza bigiraga mu cyumba kimwe, mu mashuri yisumbuye abanyeshuri bagera kuri 5 ugereranyije basangiye [[igitabo]] 1. Mu mashuli abanza umwarimu yigisha abanyeshuri bagera kuri 62 ugereranyije. Amashuri yo mucyaro cya kure cyane nayo abona ko bigoye gukurura abarimu. Inzitizi zindi n’uko ibikoresho by’inyongera byo gusoma bitari bihagije, cyane cyane ku byiciro by’amashuri abanza. * (i) gukwirakwiza ibitabo biterwa cyane no kuboneka kwinkunga, bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwa guverinoma bwo gukora igenamigambi rihagije, kandi ntibishobora gusubiza neza amasoko n'ibisabwa. * (ii) gusuzuma amasoko yo gutangaza ibitabo akenshi bifata igihe kirekire * (iii) abarimu bumva ko badafite uruhare ruhagije mugikorwa cyo gutoranya ibitabo * (iv) ibitabo bishobora kwangirika kubera gukwirakwiza nabi no gucunga aho bibikwa Izi ngingo zitera kunyuranya ibitabo kwabanyeshuri hagati y’ishuri no mu turere. Ibi bigenda byerekana ko hakiri imbogamizi mubijyanye no kubona n'ibitabo byujuje ubuziranenge mu [[Rwanda]] biteganijwe ko bizakemurwa muri gahunda zimirije. Abagera kuri 40% by'abarimu mu [[Rwanda]] bafite uburambe bwimyaka 5 yo kwigisha. Umubare w’abarimu bujuje ibisabwa mu mashuri abanza wiyongereye kugera kuri 99% muri 2008, nyamara, umubare w’abarimu bujuje ibisabwa mu mashuri yisumbuye ikiciro cya mbere ni 36% na 33% gusa mu kiciro cya kabiri cy'amashuri yisumbuye. Ibi bivuze ko u [[Rwanda]] rudafite abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhanitse, cyane cyane iyo urebye umubare munini wabarimu badafite ubushobozi bwo kwigisha abanyeshuri bo mumashuri yisumbuye. [[Dosiye:Students on masks.jpg|thumb|Abanyeshuri Bari mu ishuri]] Abigisha benshi bumvaga ko bahembwa nabi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, 10% gusa by’abarimu babajijwe bose nibo bize kugira ngo babone impamyabumenyi ihanitse yo kwigisha mu [[Rwanda]]. Benshi mubarimu bigisha mumashuri yisumbuye bariga bashaka impamyabumenyi ihanitse itari iyo kwigisha. Ibi birerekana ko ubushake bwo gukomeza amashuri ari buke kandi hari n'indi mirimo ifite inyungu nyinshi ugereranije no kwigisha mu [[Rwanda]]. Muri rusange, kutagira ireme muri gahunda yuburezi, nkibipimo byabarimu, kubura ibikoresho nubutunzi bituma amashuri adashimishije. == Amashuri abanza == Ururimi rukoreshwa mu kwigisha mu myaka itatu yambere yuburezi bwibanze ni [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] . Mu mwaka wa kane kugeza mu wa gatandatu, ni Icyongereza. Amasomo y’igifaransa yasubukuwe buri cyumweru mu mashuri abanza, guhera mu 2016. <ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/depeches/7725/politique/au-rwanda-le-francais-longtemps-mis-de-cote-fait-un-discret-retour/</ref> Imibare kuva mu mwaka 2003: {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka: ! 2002-3 ! 2007 ! 2011 ! 2015 |- | # y'Amashuri | 2.172 | 2.370 | 2,543 | 2.752 |- | # y'abanyeshuri | 1.636.563 | 2.150.430 | 2,341.146 | 2,450.705 |- | # y'abarimu | 26.024 | 31.037 | 40.299 | 42,005 |- | % by'abarimu babishoboye | 85.2% | 98.1% | 98,6% | 93.9% |- | Abanyeshuri kuri buri mwarimu | 62.9 | 69.3 | 58.1 | 58.3 |- | Igipimo rusange cyo kwiyandikisha (GER) | 100.0% | 151.9% | 127.3% | 135.3% |- | Igipimo cyo kwiyandikisha neza (NER) | 82.7% | 95.8% | 95.9% | 96.9% |} Nubwo hari byinshi byagezweho mu [[Rwanda]] rugerageza kugera ku burezi bw'ibanze ku isi yose, kuri ubu rufite kimwe mu bipimo byisubiramo cyane mu karere ka Sahara. Amashuri abanza arangiye, abanyeshuri bafata icyemezo cyibanze cyuko barangije amashuli abanza (PLE). == Amashuri yisumbuye == Ururimi bigamo ni Icyongereza. Imibare, kuva 2007: {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka: ! 2007 ! 2011 ! 2015 |- | # y'Amashuri | 643 | 1.362 | 1.543 |- | # y'abanyeshuri | 266.518 | 486.437 | 543.936 |- | # y'abarimu | 12,103 | 20.522 | 27,644 |- | % by'abarimu babishoboye | 53.4% | 64.4% | 67.9% |- | Abanyeshuri kuri buri mwarimu | 22.0 | 23.7 | 19.7 |- | Igipimo rusange cyo kwiyandikisha (GER) | 20.5% | 35.5% | 38.0% |- | Igipimo cyo kwiyandikisha neza (NER) | 13.1% | 25.7% | 28.3% |} Amashuri yisumbuye agabanijwe mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icyiciro cya kabiri, byombi bimara imyaka 3. Amashuri Yisumbuye, kimwe n'abanza yibanda ku kunguka ubumenyi nubuhanga. Hamwe na 6 abanza ukongeraho 3 yisumbuye ikiciro cya mbere nibyo bikora -9YBE - 9 yibanze. Iyo myaka 3 irangiye, abanyeshuri bakora Urwego-O,ibizamini byigihugu bibafasha gukomeza Amashuri Yisumbuye. Benshi kandi bakomeza muri sisitemu ya TVET - sisitemeTekiniki, imyuga n'amahugurwa. Guhera mu kiciro cya kabiri cy'ayisumbuye, abanyeshuri batangira amasomo yihariye: * Amashuri Yisumbuye (GSS): aho abanyeshuri bazobereye muri siyanse, ubumuntu, cyangwa indimi bakazakora ibizamini byo kurwego rw'igihugu. * Amashuri yisumbuye ya Tekinike (TSS): amahugurwa ya tekinike aganisha ku cyemezo cya A2. Muri EDPRS II guteza imbere ubumenyi bwa tekiniki n’imyuga byagaragaye ko ari ngombwa mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Hifashishijwe ikigo [https://web.archive.org/web/20190503215557/http://www.wda.gov.rw/en gishinzwe guteza imbere abakozi (WDA)] mu mwaka wa 2008 iyi nzira yisumbuye ya tekiniki iri mu nzira yo kwinjizwa mu bigo by’ubukungu by’akarere ka IPRC, hamwe n’ibigo byigisha imyuga (VTC's) hamwe n’Amashuri makuru. y'Ikoranabuhanga (CoT's). * Amashuri makuru yo guhugura abarimu (TTC) : Abanyeshuri bari muriyamashuli bahugurirwa kuba abarimu bo mumashuri abanza (nubwo bamwe bakomeza amasomo mumashuri makuru). Kuri 16 TTC, gutegura integanyanyigisho, gusuzuma no gutanga ibyemezo ninshingano za [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] yuburezi ya kaminuza yu [[Rwanda]] (UR-CE). Umubare wabanyeshuri nuburinganire muri mwaka 2015: {| class="wikitable" ! ! # y'abanyeshuri ! % Umugore |- | Amashuri yisumbuye | 336.442 | 53.5% |- | Amashuri Yisumbuye - Rusange (GSS) | 131.267 | 55.0% |- | Amashuri Yisumbuye - Tekiniki (TSS) | 67,456 | 44.7% |- | Amashuri Yisumbuye - Umwarimu (TTC) | 8,771 | 55.8% |} [[Dosiye:Kaminuza imag.jpg|thumb|Ibiro bikuru bya Kaminuza y'u Rwanda ]] == Amashuri makuru == Kugeza mu mwaka 2015, mu [[Rwanda]] hari ibigo 44 by'amashuri makuru, 12 muri byo ni ibya Leta naho 32 byigenga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Amatangazo/2015%20Education%20Staiatical%20YearbookF.pdf |accessdate=2021-02-04 |archive-date=2017-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305194604/http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Amatangazo/2015%20Education%20Staiatical%20YearbookF.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Kaminuza ya mbere mu [[Rwanda]], [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] (NUR ubu iri muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza yu Rwanda]] ), yafunguwe na guverinoma mu mwaka 1963, ifite abanyeshuri 49. Umwaka w'amashuri wa 1999–2000, ibi byariyongereye bigera ku 4,550. Mu 1997-1998 u [[Rwanda]] rwari rufite abanyeshuri 5.571 biyandikishije mu mashuri makuru. Uyu munsi abanyeshuli babarirwa muri 26.796, 39% muri bo ni igitsina gore. Muri sisitemu yo mumashuri makuru harakorwa PhD zigera ku 100, igice kinini cyazo zikorerwa muri NUR. Mu bice by'ubushakashatsi harimo ubuhinzi, ubworozi, n'amahugurwa y'abashinzwe imirima. Hashyizweho gahunda ya 'Universités du soir' (kaminuza zo mu ishuri rya nijoro) kugira ngo yongere kaminuza. Ariko, habaye impaka zijyanye nubwiza bwamasomo yatanzwe. [[Dosiye:University of Rwanda headquarters.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza Nakuru y'u Rwanda ]] Ishami rishinzwe amashuri makuru mu [[Rwanda]] riracyafite byinshi mu guteza imbere imyigishirize. Muri 2000–1, umwaka wanyuma abanyeshuri barangije bafite amanota ari hagati ya 11 na 50%. Mu myaka yose, iki gipimo cyo gutsinda ni 53-76%. Amashuri makuru mu [[Rwanda]] ni: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210207002642/https://ur.ac.rw/ Kaminuza y'u Rwanda], nayo igizwe na kaminuza 6: * Kaminuza y'u Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga (ahahoze hitwa [[Kigali]] Institute of Science and Technology) * Kaminuza yu Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru Nderabarezi (ryahoze ryitwa Kigali Institute of Education) * Kaminuza y'u Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuvuzi n'Ubuzima (ryahoze ryitwa Ikigo Nderabuzima cya [[Kigali]]) * Kaminuza y'u Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubucuruzi n'Ubukungu (ahahoze hitwa Ishuri ry'Imari na Banki) * Kaminuza yu Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuhinzi, Ubumenyi bw’inyamaswa n’ubuvuzi bw’amatungo (ahahoze hitwa ISAE Busogo) * Kaminuza y'u Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuhanzi n'Ubumenyi bw'Imibereho (yahoze yitwa kaminuza nkuru y'u [[Rwanda]]) * Ishuri Rikuru ry'Abarimu mu [[Rwanda]] (RTC) Kaminuza Nyafurika y'Ubuyobozi [[IPRC Tumba|Tumba College of Technology (TCT)]] Umutara Polytechnic (UP) [[IPRC Kigali|Ikigo cya Polytechnic Regional Centre Centre Kicukiro Campus (IPRC)]] [[Institute of Legal Practice and Development (ILPD)|Ikigo cy’amategeko n’iterambere (ILPD)]] Amashuri Makuru Yigenga Ikigo Gatolika cya Kabgayi (ICK) [[Kigali Independent University|Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali (ULK)]] Ikigo cy'Ubuhinzi, ikoranabuhanga n'Uburezi ya Kibungo (INATEK) Institut Laique adventiste de Kigali (INILAK) [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati n'Uburasirazuba (AUCA)]] [[INES RUHENGERI|Institut d'Enseignement Supérieur de Ruhengeri (INES)]] Kaminuza Gatolika y'u [[Rwanda]] (CUR) Kaminuza ya KIM (yahoze ari ikigo gishinzwe imiyoborere ya Kigali): www.kimuniversity.ac.rw Byumba Polytechnic (IPB) [https://web.archive.org/web/20210210140846/http://www.kp.ac.rw/ - Kibogora Polytechnic (KP)] [http://www.piass.ac.rw/ - Ikigo cy'Abaporotesitanti cy'Ubuhanzi n'Ubumenyi bw'Imibereho (PIASS)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210125002128/https://utb.ac.rw/ - Kaminuza y'Ubukerarugendo, Ikoranabuhanga n'Ubucuruzi (UTB)] [[Mount Kenya University|Kaminuza ya Mount Kenya Kigali (MKU Kigali)]] Ikigo Nderabuzima cya [[Kigali]], ikigo cy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (ISAE) [http://www.akilahinstitute.org - Ikigo cya Akilah gishinzwe abagore] == Reba kandi == * [[Urutonde rw'amashuri mu Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051230141518/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Rwanda.htm Umuyoboro Mpuzamahanga w'Amashuri Makuru Muri Afurika] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051230152340/http://www.nur.ac.rw/ Kaminuza ya NUR] * [http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/ Minisiteri y'Uburezi, u Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111204014549/http://www.educationcommons.rw/ U Rwanda Uburezi, u Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716120302/http://www.rwandagateway.org/education/ Rwanda Gateway] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120207011229/http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_10796.html Amakuru Yaturutse muri Afurika] * [http://www.akilahinstitute.org Akilah Institute for Women] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi|Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda| ]] gyhfyxt1x8k9ccydwe846pi5dzv3qly 0 10085 130702 124206 2026-04-21T20:27:13Z Niyigaba.05 17909 130702 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaminuza ya Global Health Equity''' (UGHE) ni kaminuza yigisha ubumenyi k'ubuzima mu Rwanda. Igikorwa cyabafatanyabikorwa Mubuzima, UGHE nikigo cyigenga, kidaharanira inyungu, ikigo cyemewe namategeko. Abafatanyabikorwa ba Catalytic bafashije gutangiza Kaminuza harimo: Fondasiyo ya Cummings, Fondasiyo ya Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates, na Guverinoma y'u Rwanda. Fondasiyo ya Cummings yatanze miliyoni 15 z'amadolari y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Kaminuza kandi yagize uruhare runini mu gukusanya inkunga iva ahandi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2021-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804160041/https://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Graduation UGHE.jpg|thumb|Ishuri]] Muri 2013, guverinoma y'u Rwanda n'abafatanyabikorwa mu buzima batekerezaga kubaka ishuri ry'ubuvuzi iruhande rw'ibitaro bya Butaro . Muri icyo gihe, Joyce na Bill Cummings, bashinze Fondasiyo ya Cummings i Woburn, muri Leta ya Massachusetts, basuye [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] mu rwego rwo gushyira ibuye ry'ifatizo kuri Butaro Outpatient Cancer Infusion Centre, iyubakwa ryayo rikaba ryaratewe inkunga na Cummings Foundation. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://philanthropy.texterity.com/philanthropy/20140508?pg=11#pg11 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2016-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018202723/http://philanthropy.texterity.com/philanthropy/20140508?pg=11#pg11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu ruzinduko rwabo, Cummings yasangije icyerekezo cyagutse cy’ishuri ry’ubuvuzi ryaba "pan-African" kandi rikaba rikubiyemo ubumenyi butandukanye bw’ubuzima, harimo ubuvuzi bw’amatungo, amenyo n’ubuforomo. Paul Farmer yashubije iki gitekerezo yandika kuri imeri, ati: "Mbega icyerekezo cyiza, kandi gihuza n'icyerekezo cy'u Rwanda cyo gukurura abantu bubaka ubukungu 'ubumenyi' banatanga ubuvuzi." <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2021-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804160041/https://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:BureraDist.png|thumb|Burera aho UGHE iherereye]] UGHE yatangijwe muri Nzeri 2015, <ref>https://www.devex.com/news/paul-farmer-s-lifelong-dream-86915</ref> UGHE ni ubwoko bushya bwa kaminuza bwibanda ku gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza bwo mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo bikomeye by’imibereho na sisitemu bitera ubusumbane n’imikorere idahwitse y’ubuvuzi. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjournalofethics.2016.18.7.medu1-1607</ref> == Ubuyobozi == [[Dosiye:Dr. Agnes-Binagwaho.jpg|thumb|Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa kaminuza ya UGHE.]] Ku ya 3 Mata 2017, UGHE yashyizeho uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu Rwanda, [[Agnes Binagwaho]], MD, M (Ped), PhD, kuba Umuyobozi wungirije wa Kaminuza. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnbcafrica.com/videos/2017/04/06/ex-rwandan-minister-of-health-to-lead-partners-in-health-university/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2017-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213084447/https://www.cnbcafrica.com/videos/2017/04/06/ex-rwandan-minister-of-health-to-lead-partners-in-health-university/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.devex.com/news/a-call-for-implementation-science-and-systems-innovation-in-global-health-89872</ref> Nkumuyobozi wungirije wa UGHE, Porofeseri Binagwaho agenzura iyaguka rya gahunda z’uburezi n’ubushakashatsi bya Kaminuza, guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’isi, ndetse no kurushaho guteza imbere ikigo cya Butaro mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. === Master of Science in Global Health Delivery === Yatangijwe muri Nzeri 2015, Master of Science in Global Health Delivery (MGHD) ni gahunda ya UGHE ishinzwe amasomo. <ref>https://ughe.org/academics/mghd/</ref> === Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery === UGHE ihuriweho na Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery / Master of Science in Global Health Delivery (MBBS / MGHD) ni imyaka itandatu nigice, impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza hamwe n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ku rwego rw'ubuzima. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ughe.org/academics/bachelor-medicine-bachelor-surgery/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2022-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108045156/https://ughe.org/academics/bachelor-medicine-bachelor-surgery |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashuri Nyobozi === Amasomo yubuyobozi bwa UGHE ibyemezo biteza imbere abanyamwuga bakoresheje ubushobozi bukomeye hagati yo gushimangira uburyo bwo gutanga ubuvuzi. <ref>https://ughe.org/academics/executive-education/</ref> == Iterambere ryikigo == [[Dosiye:Graduation UGHE.jpg|thumb|Umuhango wo gutanga impamyabumenyi ku banyeshuri bize muri UGHE wari witabiriwe na Jeannette Kagame.]] Muri 2016, UGHE yatangiye kubaka ku kigo cyayo cya mbere gihoraho [[Ibitaro bya Butaro|i Butaro]], mu Rwanda. Ikigo cyarangiye muri Mutarama 2019, ikigo cyafunguwe na Perezida w’u Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]] . Iyi kaminuza irimo ibyumba by’ishuri, laboratoire yigisha, ikigo cyigana ivuriro, hamwe namakuru ajyanye nubuzima, hamwe nubuyobozi, amafunguro, namacumbi y'abakozi, abanyeshuri, nabarimu. Mugihe kaminuza ikura, ikigo cya kabiri kizubakwa i Kigali ahitwa Masaka. Kaminuza igizwe n'ibigo byuzuzanya mucyaro no mumijyi. Ukuboza 2016, UGHE yatangiye kubaka ku kigo cy’amasomo cya hegitari 250 cya Butaro, cyinjijwe muri gahunda yo gutanga ubuvuzi bw’ibanze mu cyaro. Icyiciro cya mbere cyikigo cyafunguwe muri 2018 hamwe n’ibyumba by’ishuri, inyubako zubutegetsi, isomero, nuburaro. Ikigo cy’imijyi kizaba giherereye mu Murenge wa Masaka, mu Karere ka Kicukiro mu murwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, [[Kigali]]. Usibye gukoresha ibigo bibiri byubuvuzi - Ibitaro bya Butaro n’ibitaro bya Masaka i Kigali - UGHE izakoresha imbuga zishyigikiwe na PIH hirya no hino mu Rwanda kugira ngo amahirwe menshi yo kwiga mu mavuriro no kubyara. Ibi bigo byateguwe na MASS Design na Shepley Bulfinch, kimwe mubigo byubatswe kera mubikorwa byubudahwema muri [[Amerika]]. <ref>https://massdesigngroup.org/work/design/university-global-health-equity</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0as04ofbpcm71yylorlew84hrvsljls 130703 130702 2026-04-21T20:29:19Z Niyigaba.05 17909 130703 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaminuza ya Global Health Equity''' (UGHE) ni kaminuza yigisha ubumenyi k'ubuzima mu Rwanda. Igikorwa cyabafatanyabikorwa Mubuzima, UGHE nikigo cyigenga, kidaharanira inyungu, ikigo cyemewe namategeko. Abafatanyabikorwa ba Catalytic bafashije gutangiza Kaminuza harimo: Fondasiyo ya Cummings, Fondasiyo ya Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates, na Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]]. Fondasiyo ya Cummings yatanze miliyoni 15 z'amadolari y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Kaminuza kandi yagize uruhare runini mu gukusanya inkunga iva ahandi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2021-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804160041/https://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Graduation UGHE.jpg|thumb|Ishuri]] Muri 2013, guverinoma y'u Rwanda n'abafatanyabikorwa mu buzima batekerezaga kubaka ishuri ry'ubuvuzi iruhande rw'ibitaro bya Butaro . Muri icyo gihe, Joyce na Bill Cummings, bashinze Fondasiyo ya Cummings i Woburn, muri Leta ya Massachusetts, basuye [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] mu rwego rwo gushyira ibuye ry'ifatizo kuri Butaro Outpatient Cancer Infusion Centre, iyubakwa ryayo rikaba ryaratewe inkunga na Cummings Foundation. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://philanthropy.texterity.com/philanthropy/20140508?pg=11#pg11 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2016-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018202723/http://philanthropy.texterity.com/philanthropy/20140508?pg=11#pg11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu ruzinduko rwabo, Cummings yasangije icyerekezo cyagutse cy’ishuri ry’ubuvuzi ryaba "pan-African" kandi rikaba rikubiyemo ubumenyi butandukanye bw’ubuzima, harimo ubuvuzi bw’amatungo, amenyo n’ubuforomo. Paul Farmer yashubije iki gitekerezo yandika kuri imeri, ati: "Mbega icyerekezo cyiza, kandi gihuza n'icyerekezo cy'u Rwanda cyo gukurura abantu bubaka ubukungu 'ubumenyi' banatanga ubuvuzi." <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2021-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804160041/https://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:BureraDist.png|thumb|Burera aho UGHE iherereye]] UGHE yatangijwe muri Nzeri 2015, <ref>https://www.devex.com/news/paul-farmer-s-lifelong-dream-86915</ref> UGHE ni ubwoko bushya bwa kaminuza bwibanda ku gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza bwo mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo bikomeye by’imibereho na sisitemu bitera ubusumbane n’imikorere idahwitse y’ubuvuzi. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjournalofethics.2016.18.7.medu1-1607</ref> == Ubuyobozi == [[Dosiye:Dr. Agnes-Binagwaho.jpg|thumb|Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa kaminuza ya UGHE.]] Ku ya 3 Mata 2017, UGHE yashyizeho uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu Rwanda, [[Agnes Binagwaho]], MD, M (Ped), PhD, kuba Umuyobozi wungirije wa Kaminuza. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnbcafrica.com/videos/2017/04/06/ex-rwandan-minister-of-health-to-lead-partners-in-health-university/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2017-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213084447/https://www.cnbcafrica.com/videos/2017/04/06/ex-rwandan-minister-of-health-to-lead-partners-in-health-university/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.devex.com/news/a-call-for-implementation-science-and-systems-innovation-in-global-health-89872</ref> Nkumuyobozi wungirije wa UGHE, Porofeseri Binagwaho agenzura iyaguka rya gahunda z’uburezi n’ubushakashatsi bya Kaminuza, guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’isi, ndetse no kurushaho guteza imbere ikigo cya Butaro mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. === Master of Science in Global Health Delivery === Yatangijwe muri Nzeri 2015, Master of Science in Global Health Delivery (MGHD) ni gahunda ya UGHE ishinzwe amasomo. <ref>https://ughe.org/academics/mghd/</ref> === Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery === UGHE ihuriweho na Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery / Master of Science in Global Health Delivery (MBBS / MGHD) ni imyaka itandatu nigice, impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza hamwe n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ku rwego rw'ubuzima. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ughe.org/academics/bachelor-medicine-bachelor-surgery/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2022-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108045156/https://ughe.org/academics/bachelor-medicine-bachelor-surgery |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashuri Nyobozi === Amasomo yubuyobozi bwa UGHE ibyemezo biteza imbere abanyamwuga bakoresheje ubushobozi bukomeye hagati yo gushimangira uburyo bwo gutanga ubuvuzi. <ref>https://ughe.org/academics/executive-education/</ref> == Iterambere ryikigo == [[Dosiye:Graduation UGHE.jpg|thumb|Umuhango wo gutanga impamyabumenyi ku banyeshuri bize muri UGHE wari witabiriwe na Jeannette Kagame.]] Muri 2016, UGHE yatangiye kubaka ku kigo cyayo cya mbere gihoraho [[Ibitaro bya Butaro|i Butaro]], mu Rwanda. Ikigo cyarangiye muri Mutarama 2019, ikigo cyafunguwe na Perezida w’u Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]] . Iyi kaminuza irimo ibyumba by’ishuri, laboratoire yigisha, ikigo cyigana ivuriro, hamwe namakuru ajyanye nubuzima, hamwe nubuyobozi, amafunguro, namacumbi y'abakozi, abanyeshuri, nabarimu. Mugihe kaminuza ikura, ikigo cya kabiri kizubakwa i Kigali ahitwa Masaka. Kaminuza igizwe n'ibigo byuzuzanya mucyaro no mumijyi. Ukuboza 2016, UGHE yatangiye kubaka ku kigo cy’amasomo cya hegitari 250 cya Butaro, cyinjijwe muri gahunda yo gutanga ubuvuzi bw’ibanze mu cyaro. Icyiciro cya mbere cyikigo cyafunguwe muri 2018 hamwe n’ibyumba by’ishuri, inyubako zubutegetsi, isomero, nuburaro. Ikigo cy’imijyi kizaba giherereye mu Murenge wa Masaka, mu Karere ka Kicukiro mu murwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, [[Kigali]]. Usibye gukoresha ibigo bibiri byubuvuzi - Ibitaro bya Butaro n’ibitaro bya Masaka i Kigali - UGHE izakoresha imbuga zishyigikiwe na PIH hirya no hino mu Rwanda kugira ngo amahirwe menshi yo kwiga mu mavuriro no kubyara. Ibi bigo byateguwe na MASS Design na Shepley Bulfinch, kimwe mubigo byubatswe kera mubikorwa byubudahwema muri [[Amerika]]. <ref>https://massdesigngroup.org/work/design/university-global-health-equity</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rppacc7ma4ikitja19yvp7cen3i3jf4 130704 130703 2026-04-21T20:30:44Z Niyigaba.05 17909 VIDEWO YA UGHE 130704 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaminuza ya Global Health Equity''' (UGHE) ni kaminuza yigisha ubumenyi k'ubuzima mu Rwanda. Igikorwa cyabafatanyabikorwa Mubuzima, UGHE nikigo cyigenga, kidaharanira inyungu, ikigo cyemewe namategeko. Abafatanyabikorwa ba Catalytic bafashije gutangiza Kaminuza harimo: Fondasiyo ya Cummings, Fondasiyo ya Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates, na Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]]. Fondasiyo ya Cummings yatanze miliyoni 15 z'amadolari y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Kaminuza kandi yagize uruhare runini mu gukusanya inkunga iva ahandi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2021-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804160041/https://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Graduation UGHE.jpg|thumb|Ishuri]] Muri 2013, guverinoma y'u Rwanda n'abafatanyabikorwa mu buzima batekerezaga kubaka ishuri ry'ubuvuzi iruhande rw'ibitaro bya Butaro <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kI7JDy9EiL8 </ref>. Muri icyo gihe, Joyce na Bill Cummings, bashinze Fondasiyo ya Cummings i Woburn, muri Leta ya Massachusetts, basuye [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] mu rwego rwo gushyira ibuye ry'ifatizo kuri Butaro Outpatient Cancer Infusion Centre, iyubakwa ryayo rikaba ryaratewe inkunga na Cummings Foundation. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://philanthropy.texterity.com/philanthropy/20140508?pg=11#pg11 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2016-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018202723/http://philanthropy.texterity.com/philanthropy/20140508?pg=11#pg11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu ruzinduko rwabo, Cummings yasangije icyerekezo cyagutse cy’ishuri ry’ubuvuzi ryaba "pan-African" kandi rikaba rikubiyemo ubumenyi butandukanye bw’ubuzima, harimo ubuvuzi bw’amatungo, amenyo n’ubuforomo. Paul Farmer yashubije iki gitekerezo yandika kuri imeri, ati: "Mbega icyerekezo cyiza, kandi gihuza n'icyerekezo cy'u Rwanda cyo gukurura abantu bubaka ubukungu 'ubumenyi' banatanga ubuvuzi." <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2021-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804160041/https://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:BureraDist.png|thumb|Burera aho UGHE iherereye]] UGHE yatangijwe muri Nzeri 2015, <ref>https://www.devex.com/news/paul-farmer-s-lifelong-dream-86915</ref> UGHE ni ubwoko bushya bwa kaminuza bwibanda ku gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza bwo mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo bikomeye by’imibereho na sisitemu bitera ubusumbane n’imikorere idahwitse y’ubuvuzi. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjournalofethics.2016.18.7.medu1-1607</ref> == Ubuyobozi == [[Dosiye:Dr. Agnes-Binagwaho.jpg|thumb|Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa kaminuza ya UGHE.]] Ku ya 3 Mata 2017, UGHE yashyizeho uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu Rwanda, [[Agnes Binagwaho]], MD, M (Ped), PhD, kuba Umuyobozi wungirije wa Kaminuza. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnbcafrica.com/videos/2017/04/06/ex-rwandan-minister-of-health-to-lead-partners-in-health-university/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2017-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213084447/https://www.cnbcafrica.com/videos/2017/04/06/ex-rwandan-minister-of-health-to-lead-partners-in-health-university/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.devex.com/news/a-call-for-implementation-science-and-systems-innovation-in-global-health-89872</ref> Nkumuyobozi wungirije wa UGHE, Porofeseri Binagwaho agenzura iyaguka rya gahunda z’uburezi n’ubushakashatsi bya Kaminuza, guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’isi, ndetse no kurushaho guteza imbere ikigo cya Butaro mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. === Master of Science in Global Health Delivery === Yatangijwe muri Nzeri 2015, Master of Science in Global Health Delivery (MGHD) ni gahunda ya UGHE ishinzwe amasomo. <ref>https://ughe.org/academics/mghd/</ref> === Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery === UGHE ihuriweho na Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery / Master of Science in Global Health Delivery (MBBS / MGHD) ni imyaka itandatu nigice, impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza hamwe n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ku rwego rw'ubuzima. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ughe.org/academics/bachelor-medicine-bachelor-surgery/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2022-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108045156/https://ughe.org/academics/bachelor-medicine-bachelor-surgery |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashuri Nyobozi === Amasomo yubuyobozi bwa UGHE ibyemezo biteza imbere abanyamwuga bakoresheje ubushobozi bukomeye hagati yo gushimangira uburyo bwo gutanga ubuvuzi. <ref>https://ughe.org/academics/executive-education/</ref> == Iterambere ryikigo == [[Dosiye:Graduation UGHE.jpg|thumb|Umuhango wo gutanga impamyabumenyi ku banyeshuri bize muri UGHE wari witabiriwe na Jeannette Kagame.]] Muri 2016, UGHE yatangiye kubaka ku kigo cyayo cya mbere gihoraho [[Ibitaro bya Butaro|i Butaro]], mu Rwanda. Ikigo cyarangiye muri Mutarama 2019, ikigo cyafunguwe na Perezida w’u Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]] . Iyi kaminuza irimo ibyumba by’ishuri, laboratoire yigisha, ikigo cyigana ivuriro, hamwe namakuru ajyanye nubuzima, hamwe nubuyobozi, amafunguro, namacumbi y'abakozi, abanyeshuri, nabarimu. Mugihe kaminuza ikura, ikigo cya kabiri kizubakwa i Kigali ahitwa Masaka. Kaminuza igizwe n'ibigo byuzuzanya mucyaro no mumijyi. Ukuboza 2016, UGHE yatangiye kubaka ku kigo cy’amasomo cya hegitari 250 cya Butaro, cyinjijwe muri gahunda yo gutanga ubuvuzi bw’ibanze mu cyaro. Icyiciro cya mbere cyikigo cyafunguwe muri 2018 hamwe n’ibyumba by’ishuri, inyubako zubutegetsi, isomero, nuburaro. Ikigo cy’imijyi kizaba giherereye mu Murenge wa Masaka, mu Karere ka Kicukiro mu murwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, [[Kigali]]. Usibye gukoresha ibigo bibiri byubuvuzi - Ibitaro bya Butaro n’ibitaro bya Masaka i Kigali - UGHE izakoresha imbuga zishyigikiwe na PIH hirya no hino mu Rwanda kugira ngo amahirwe menshi yo kwiga mu mavuriro no kubyara. Ibi bigo byateguwe na MASS Design na Shepley Bulfinch, kimwe mubigo byubatswe kera mubikorwa byubudahwema muri [[Amerika]]. <ref>https://massdesigngroup.org/work/design/university-global-health-equity</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7k3eija62cth3ms4oeclvhmjey4lmqq 130705 130704 2026-04-21T20:31:49Z Niyigaba.05 17909 130705 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaminuza ya Global Health Equity''' (UGHE) ni kaminuza yigisha ubumenyi k'ubuzima mu Rwanda. Igikorwa cyabafatanyabikorwa Mubuzima, UGHE nikigo cyigenga, kidaharanira inyungu, ikigo cyemewe namategeko. Abafatanyabikorwa ba Catalytic bafashije gutangiza Kaminuza harimo: Fondasiyo ya Cummings, Fondasiyo ya Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates, na Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]]. Fondasiyo ya Cummings yatanze miliyoni 15 z'amadolari y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Kaminuza kandi yagize uruhare runini mu gukusanya inkunga iva ahandi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2021-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804160041/https://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Graduation UGHE.jpg|thumb|Ishuri rya UGHE.]] Muri 2013, guverinoma y'u Rwanda n'abafatanyabikorwa mu buzima batekerezaga kubaka ishuri ry'ubuvuzi iruhande rw'ibitaro bya Butaro <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kI7JDy9EiL8 </ref>. Muri icyo gihe, Joyce na Bill Cummings, bashinze Fondasiyo ya Cummings i Woburn, muri Leta ya Massachusetts, basuye [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] mu rwego rwo gushyira ibuye ry'ifatizo kuri Butaro Outpatient Cancer Infusion Centre, iyubakwa ryayo rikaba ryaratewe inkunga na Cummings Foundation. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://philanthropy.texterity.com/philanthropy/20140508?pg=11#pg11 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2016-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018202723/http://philanthropy.texterity.com/philanthropy/20140508?pg=11#pg11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu ruzinduko rwabo, Cummings yasangije icyerekezo cyagutse cy’ishuri ry’ubuvuzi ryaba "pan-African" kandi rikaba rikubiyemo ubumenyi butandukanye bw’ubuzima, harimo ubuvuzi bw’amatungo, amenyo n’ubuforomo. Paul Farmer yashubije iki gitekerezo yandika kuri imeri, ati: "Mbega icyerekezo cyiza, kandi gihuza n'icyerekezo cy'u Rwanda cyo gukurura abantu bubaka ubukungu 'ubumenyi' banatanga ubuvuzi." <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2021-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804160041/https://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:BureraDist.png|thumb|Burera aho UGHE iherereye]] UGHE yatangijwe muri Nzeri 2015, <ref>https://www.devex.com/news/paul-farmer-s-lifelong-dream-86915</ref> UGHE ni ubwoko bushya bwa kaminuza bwibanda ku gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza bwo mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo bikomeye by’imibereho na sisitemu bitera ubusumbane n’imikorere idahwitse y’ubuvuzi. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjournalofethics.2016.18.7.medu1-1607</ref> == Ubuyobozi == [[Dosiye:Dr. Agnes-Binagwaho.jpg|thumb|Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa kaminuza ya UGHE.]] Ku ya 3 Mata 2017, UGHE yashyizeho uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu Rwanda, [[Agnes Binagwaho]], MD, M (Ped), PhD, kuba Umuyobozi wungirije wa Kaminuza. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnbcafrica.com/videos/2017/04/06/ex-rwandan-minister-of-health-to-lead-partners-in-health-university/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2017-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213084447/https://www.cnbcafrica.com/videos/2017/04/06/ex-rwandan-minister-of-health-to-lead-partners-in-health-university/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.devex.com/news/a-call-for-implementation-science-and-systems-innovation-in-global-health-89872</ref> Nkumuyobozi wungirije wa UGHE, Porofeseri Binagwaho agenzura iyaguka rya gahunda z’uburezi n’ubushakashatsi bya Kaminuza, guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’isi, ndetse no kurushaho guteza imbere ikigo cya Butaro mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. === Master of Science in Global Health Delivery === Yatangijwe muri Nzeri 2015, Master of Science in Global Health Delivery (MGHD) ni gahunda ya UGHE ishinzwe amasomo. <ref>https://ughe.org/academics/mghd/</ref> === Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery === UGHE ihuriweho na Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery / Master of Science in Global Health Delivery (MBBS / MGHD) ni imyaka itandatu nigice, impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza hamwe n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ku rwego rw'ubuzima. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ughe.org/academics/bachelor-medicine-bachelor-surgery/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-date=2022-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108045156/https://ughe.org/academics/bachelor-medicine-bachelor-surgery |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashuri Nyobozi === Amasomo yubuyobozi bwa UGHE ibyemezo biteza imbere abanyamwuga bakoresheje ubushobozi bukomeye hagati yo gushimangira uburyo bwo gutanga ubuvuzi. <ref>https://ughe.org/academics/executive-education/</ref> == Iterambere ryikigo == [[Dosiye:Graduation UGHE.jpg|thumb|Umuhango wo gutanga impamyabumenyi ku banyeshuri bize muri UGHE wari witabiriwe na Jeannette Kagame.]] Muri 2016, UGHE yatangiye kubaka ku kigo cyayo cya mbere gihoraho [[Ibitaro bya Butaro|i Butaro]], mu Rwanda. Ikigo cyarangiye muri Mutarama 2019, ikigo cyafunguwe na Perezida w’u Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]] . Iyi kaminuza irimo ibyumba by’ishuri, laboratoire yigisha, ikigo cyigana ivuriro, hamwe namakuru ajyanye nubuzima, hamwe nubuyobozi, amafunguro, namacumbi y'abakozi, abanyeshuri, nabarimu. Mugihe kaminuza ikura, ikigo cya kabiri kizubakwa i Kigali ahitwa Masaka. Kaminuza igizwe n'ibigo byuzuzanya mucyaro no mumijyi. Ukuboza 2016, UGHE yatangiye kubaka ku kigo cy’amasomo cya hegitari 250 cya Butaro, cyinjijwe muri gahunda yo gutanga ubuvuzi bw’ibanze mu cyaro. Icyiciro cya mbere cyikigo cyafunguwe muri 2018 hamwe n’ibyumba by’ishuri, inyubako zubutegetsi, isomero, nuburaro. Ikigo cy’imijyi kizaba giherereye mu Murenge wa Masaka, mu Karere ka Kicukiro mu murwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, [[Kigali]]. Usibye gukoresha ibigo bibiri byubuvuzi - Ibitaro bya Butaro n’ibitaro bya Masaka i Kigali - UGHE izakoresha imbuga zishyigikiwe na PIH hirya no hino mu Rwanda kugira ngo amahirwe menshi yo kwiga mu mavuriro no kubyara. Ibi bigo byateguwe na MASS Design na Shepley Bulfinch, kimwe mubigo byubatswe kera mubikorwa byubudahwema muri [[Amerika]]. <ref>https://massdesigngroup.org/work/design/university-global-health-equity</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] g691rxvsyvrnz6gu8eiiyrsntpx1spe 0 14322 130700 122003 2026-04-21T18:31:34Z Niwemugeni Emeline 17945 130700 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fljótsdalur.jpg|thumb|Akabande]] [[Dosiye:Kubura k'ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|umubande]] Akabande cyangwa imibande ahantu hari hagati y’utununga cyangwa imisozi ibiri harangwa n’isoko y’amazi y’imusozi cyangwa y’ikuzimu. Kandi cyikaba igice kigaragara hejuru ku buso bw’isi kibaho ibinyabuzima harimo ibimera, inyamaswa n’abantu.<ref name=":0">https://bwiza.com/?Ahantu-hagiye-habera-ubwicanyi-bukomeye-muri-Jenoside-yakorewe-Abatutsi-ku</ref><ref>https://inyangenewss.com/?p=7947</ref><ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/iya-24-mata-1994-inkotanyi-zatangiye-guhungishiriza-i-byumba-abo-zari-zarokoye?url_reload=24</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gicumbi-muri-2018-abaturage-bose-bazaba-batuye-mu-midugudu</ref> === Ibikorwa === Akabande cyangwa umubande hakunze kuba harangwa n'amazi cyangwa ubutaka bworoshye, ibi bituma bigorana guhatura cyangwa kuhashyira inyubako, akeshi Akabande cyangwa umubande hakunze gukorerwaa ibikorwa byubuhinzi nki mirima y'imigenda cyangwa imitabo,hakaba kandi hakorerwa ibikorwa by'ubworozi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ijamboryumwana.com/uruhinja-rwamezi-10-rwakomerekeye-bikomeye-mu-mpanuka-ikomeye-yabereye-i-karongi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226074428/https://ijamboryumwana.com/uruhinja-rwamezi-10-rwakomerekeye-bikomeye-mu-mpanuka-ikomeye-yabereye-i-karongi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2012/11/bahoneza-rwanda-social-welfare-rwanda_9.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226074439/https://www.urwego.com/2012/11/bahoneza-rwanda-social-welfare-rwanda_9.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.inyenyerinews.org/politiki/impinduka-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226074434/https://www.inyenyerinews.org/politiki/impinduka-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/kigali-kajugujugu-ya-gisirikare-yakoze-impanuka-i-rusororo.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226074428/https://ar.umuseke.rw/kigali-kajugujugu-ya-gisirikare-yakoze-impanuka-i-rusororo.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Igishanga mu Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igishanga]] Aha mu kabande cyangwa umubande niho usanga ibikorwa bitandukanye bicukurwamo maze bigatanga amashanyarazi nk'anyitamungegeri. hari akabande tugiye tuzwi nka kabande ka Nyarubera ku Kibuga aha ubu ni mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]].<ref name=":0" /> === Inyamaswa mu mubande === [[Dosiye:Umusambi.jpg|thumb|Umusambi]] Ubundi hari inyamaswa zibera mu gishanga, Nku musanbi, rero umusambi ukunze kuba munsi y’urugo ahantu hakonje, cyangwa ahegereye igishanga, cyangwa mu bishanga birimo amavomo aho mucyaro yitwa kano. Imisambi isigaye iba hamwe, kuko ubusanzwe muri kamere yayo itungwa n’udukoko two mu gishanga, ikogoga umubande wose ishaka ibyo kurya kuburyo yashoboraga kuva mu murenge umwe ikirirwa mu gishanga cy’undi murenge ikaza gutaha igihe cy’izuba rya Kiberinka, hari imisambi yabaga mu mubande wegereye igishanga cya Kanyonyomba. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/12/30/kubungabunga-ibinyabuzima-ntibikiri-umuco-wabanyarwanda-kubera-iterambere-rutangarwamaboko/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-28 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328082215/https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/12/30/kubungabunga-ibinyabuzima-ntibikiri-umuco-wabanyarwanda-kubera-iterambere-rutangarwamaboko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/u-rwanda-rusigaranye-imisambi-300-gusa-mu-gihe-rwigeze-kugira-isaga-10-000.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-28 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328082215/https://ar.umuseke.rw/u-rwanda-rusigaranye-imisambi-300-gusa-mu-gihe-rwigeze-kugira-isaga-10-000.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amazi === Mugishanga nubyo hakorerwa ibikorwa bitandukanye, amazi hayo akunze kuba ari mabi afite umwanda cyane ndetse anatera irwara.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/124267/kayonza-barinubira-indwara-ziterwa-numwanda-kubera-amazi-arimo-umwanda-bavoma-124267.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-28 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328082218/https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/124267/kayonza-barinubira-indwara-ziterwa-numwanda-kubera-amazi-arimo-umwanda-bavoma-124267.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rero kubaturiye akabande bavoma mu dusoko, cyangwa se bakadaha amazi hasi, ni ukuvuga ko hakomoka amazi mabi bikagi ingaruka mbi kubera umwanda, harimo kurwaza abana inzoka. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kamonyi-barishimira-umuyoboro-w-amazi-meza-n-inzu-z-abatishoboye-bujuje</ref> === Ibishanga === Mu bishanga bizwi, harimo '''igishanga cya Rwampara''', '''igishanga cya Gikondo''', '''igishanga cya Nyabugog'''o, '''igishanga cya''' '''Rugenge''' agazwi nko mu Rwintare na Kibumba. <ref name=":2">https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Ibindi-bishanga-5-byo-mu-Mujyi-wa-Kigali-bigiye-gutunganywa</ref> == Ibyiza Byibishanga == 𝗜𝗯𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗮 𝗻𝗶 𝘂𝗺𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗼 𝗸𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝘂fatiye 𝗿𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶 abantu Ibishanga ni icyigega cya mazi; Ibishanga bifasha kuyungurura amazi; Ibishanga ni indiri y’ urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima; Ibishanga bidufasha guhangana n’ Ibiza.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] rcfn5wndb9vi6h7xzzlyrx2kdf340uw 0 14369 130726 119152 2026-04-22T06:34:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130726 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum fruits IMGP0049.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] [[Dosiye:Green Bell Pepper.jpg|thumb|Green Bell Pepper]] [[Dosiye:Poivron frais.jpg|thumb|Poivron ]] [[Dosiye:Petit poivron ayant poussé dans un poivron.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Poivrons verts.JPG|thumb|Poivrons]] [[Dosiye:Poivron frais.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] [[Dosiye:Poivrons rouges et verts au marché d'Orange.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] [[Dosiye:Poivrons coupés avec oignons à la poêle.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] == '''IRIBURIRO''' == [[Dosiye:Capsicum baccatum in Saúde flea market, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg|left|thumb]] Puwavuro ni urusenda rudakaze ruzwi ku miterere yarwo isa n’inzogera, kuba rutifitemo uburure (Capsaicin) bituma rutagira ubukana nk’ubw’urundi rusenda. Puwavuro z’ubwoko butukura n’izisa n’idoma zigira agasharire gake naho izisa n’umutuku, izisa na oranje ndetse n’iz’umuhondo zigiramo uburyohe. Puwavuro ziri mu bwoko bw’imboga zihingwa umwaka wose zikaba mu muryango w’ibihingwa byera byabanje kurabya (Solanacaea). Mu butaka burumbuka, puwavuro zigira uburebure buri hagati ya m 1.0 -1.5. Igiti cya puwavuro kigira imizi migufi cyane kandi ikomeye bihagije igifashaigiti gukomera mu butaka. Puwavuro yeze igira ubuhwa bwinshi imbere.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/puwavuro-ikoreshwa-nk-ikirungo-ikize-kuri-vitamine-c-kurusha-amacunga-ubushakashatsi</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abahinzi-ibihumbi-40-bagiye-gufashwa-guhinga-kijyambere-imboga-n-imbuto-mu</ref> === '''AMOKO YA PUWAVURO''' === [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum var. Fiesta - MHNT.jpg|thumb|276x276px|puwavuro]] Puwavuro ni igihingwa cyo mu bwoko bw’urusenda gihingwa igihe cyoae mu mwaka. Puwavuro zeza imbuto zifite amabara atandukanye harimo iz’umutuku, umuhondo, oranje, icyatsi kibisi n’idoma. Puwavuro rimwe na rimwe zibarirwa mu bwoko bw’urusenda rudakaze cyane zikitwa urusenda rutarrura.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-hatashywe-umushinga-wo-kuhira-imyaka-hifashishijwe-imirasire-yizuba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226204213/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-hatashywe-umushinga-wo-kuhira-imyaka-hifashishijwe-imirasire-yizuba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === '''Ingero z’amoko amwe n’amwe ya puwavuro''' === ==== '''Double Up.''' ==== [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum 15-p.bot-capsic.annu-007.jpg|thumb|250x250px|puwavuro]] Ni ubwoko bwa puwavuro burumbuka cyane, bwavuye ku mvange y’amoko atandukanye, bukunda guhingwa mu mirima migari. Imbuto zazo ziba zitsindagiye kandi zisa zose, zikagira hafi nka cm 10 x10, zihisha zitinze, ari ko zigenda zihinduka umutuku tukutuku bituma zigaragara neza mbere yo kuzipakira ari nke no kuzipakira ari nyinshi. Mu rubuto imbere haba hegeranye rukomeye ku buryo gusarura bwa mbere bigira umusaruro utubutse. Ubu bwoko bufite ubushobozi bugereranyije bwo guhangana n’indwara zitera ibibara ziterwa na mikorobi zo mu bwoko bwa 1, 2 n’ubwa 3. Umusaruro wazo uba mwiza mu gihe kirekire zishobora kwera.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202711/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/green_pepper/crop_management</ref><ref>https://www.isangostar.rw/france-leta-yahagaritse-itegeko-rikumira-gupfunyika-imbuto-nimboga-mu-mashashi</ref> [[Dosiye:Red bell pepper.jpg|thumb|pavuro yumutuku]] ==== '''Capsicum Victory F1''' ==== Ubu bwoko bwa puwavuro ni ubwoko bukunda igihe cy’ihinga gishyushye. Ubu bwoko bwa puwavuro bukungahaye ku bintu bisukura umubiri  (antioxidants) bituma umuntu agumana ubuzima buzira umuze. Bukize kandi ku munyu wa Potasiyumu utuma umuvuduko w’amaraso ujya ku gipimo cyiza kandi zifitemo intungamubiri z’imizi/ibikatsi (fibres). Imbuto za puwavuro zimera mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 2 cyangwa 3 zitewe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/11/dore-akamaro-9-ko-kurya-puwavuro-ku.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202709/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/11/dore-akamaro-9-ko-kurya-puwavuro-ku.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== '''Puwavuro z’umuhondo''' ==== Ni puwavuro z’ibara ry’umuhondo, zifitemo isukari, zifite igishishwa kinini, zifite intungamubiri kandi ibara ryazo rituma zigaragara neza mu mboga mbisi. Ni nziza kuzirya bisanzwe cyangwa kuzirya ari mbisi. Ibiti bya puwavuro z’umuhondo biba binini bityo bisaba ko bishingirirwa cyane cyane iyo byezeho imbuto nyinshi. Puwavuro z’umuhondo ziba ari icyatsi kibisi zigatangira kuba umuhondo guhera ku minsi 70 kugeza kuri 80.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0sZA3BXXd4</ref> ==== '''Puwavuro zisa n’ibara ry’icunga''' ==== [[Dosiye:Solanales - Capsicum annuum - 5.jpg|thumb|puwavuro]] Puwavuro zisa n’ibara ry’icunga ni ubwoko bw’imvange buryoha cyane, iyo zeze ziva ku ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi zigahinduka oranje isa na mandarine. Izi puwavuro zigira igishishwa gikomeye zikanagira ubushobozi bwo gusukura umubiri. Ni bwo bwoko buryoha cyane mu moko yose ya puwavuro z’amabara. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu isupu y’inyanya, mu mboga mbisi, cyangwa igatekwa bisanzwe mu bindi biribwa. Ibiti bya puwavuro za oranje bibasha guhangana n’indwara y’ububembe buterwa na virusi y’itabi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genesisbizz.com/Impamvu-z-ingenzi-zituma-puwavuro-zitagomba-kubura-ku-mafunguro-yawe-ya-buri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202709/https://genesisbizz.com/Impamvu-z-ingenzi-zituma-puwavuro-zitagomba-kubura-ku-mafunguro-yawe-ya-buri |url-status=dead }}</ref> === '''Gutegura umurima wo guhumbika puwavuro''' === ==== '''''-Uko bikorwa:''''' ==== * Gutema ibihuru * Gutegura ubutaka * Kwegeranya ibikoresho bikenewe no guhitamo umurama ufunze kandi wujuje ubuziranenge * Kuvanga neza ifumbire mu butaka * Gupima ingero z’ubuhumbikiro n’inguni zazo * Guhinga neza ubutaka bufumbiye no kubuzamura byibura kugera kuri cm 30 z’uburebure no kuburinganiza * Gutangira impande z’ubuhumbikiro bakoresheje ibiti, imitumba y’insina cyangwa amashami y’ibiti * Guca imirongo igororotse itambitse hakurikijwe intera yemewe * Gutera witonze umurama wa puwavuro ku ntera itandukanyijwe na cm 1-2 (urugero rureshya n’urugingo rw’urutoki) nyuma ukarenzaho agataka gake * Kuvomerera ubuhumbikiro ku buryo buhagije * Gukora indi mirimo yose isabwa mu buhumbikiro nko kubagara no kurwanya ibyonnyi, kwicira mu rwego rwo kugabanya ubucucike bw’ingemwe ibyo bigakorwa ingemwe zaramaze kumera neza. * Kubakira ubuhumbikiro ngo haze igicucu kirinda ingemwe kononekara kubera umuyaga cyangwa ibitonyanga biremereye by’imvura * Gutwikira ubutaka bakoresheje utwatsi duke nyuma yo guhumbika ariko tugakurwaho vuba bishoboka igihe umurama utangiye kumera tukazakoreshwa mu gusasira. * Kureka ingemwe zigafata bagabanya kuvomerera kenshi banagabanya isakaro mu byumweru 1-2 mbere yo kugemura kugira ngo ingemwe zikomere.<ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230225140942/https://umutihealth.com/poivron/</ref> ==== '''''Gutegura umurima''''' ==== [[Dosiye:Planting Hena 3.jpg|thumb|209x209px|umurima uteguye neza]] Ni ngombwa guhitamo ahantu hari umurima wayoborewe amazi neza kandi udaheruka guhingwamo imbuto zo mu bwoko bw’ibihingwa birabya mbere yo kweramu gihe cya vuba.<ref name=":1" /> ==== '''''Gutegura umurima''''' ==== Ni ngombwa guhitamo ahantu hari umurima wayoborewe amazi neza kandi udaheruka guhingwamo imbuto zo mu bwoko bw’ibihingwa birabya mbere yo kweramu gihe cya vuba. Gutwikiriza ibishishwa by’umuceri mu murima bagiye guteramo mbere yo guhumbika ndetse no kuzamura umurima ho nka cm 15 z’uburebure kugira ngo byorohe kuyoboramo amazi bigabanya ibibazo by’indwara zishobora guturuka mu butaka. Umurama uterwa ku mirongo utandukanyijwe na cm 6. Ubutaka butwikirizwa agafumbire gake kanoze cyangwa isaso y’ibishishwa by’umuceri. Puwavuro ziterwa mu buhumbikiro kugira ngo zizamuke vuba zinakure vuba. Ni byiza gutera umurama wujuje ubuziranenge kugira ngo umusaruro uzabe mwiza. Nyuma ingemwe zigemurirwa mu murima wateguwe. Umurima wigiye hejuru utuma kuyobora amazi mu murima byoroha. Umurima ushobora gutegurwa mu buryo bwinshi. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe imitabo ikorwa ku buryo busanzwe ifite ubugari bwa m 1 n’imiyoboro ya cm 50 z’ ubugari. Uburebure bw’umurima buterwa n’igihe cy’ihinga: cm 20 mu gihe cy’izuba na cm 35 mu gihe cy’imvura. Isaso ikozwe mu bishishwa by’umuceri cyangwa mu bindi bimera ikoreshwa batwikira ubutaka. Akamaro k’isaso ni ukugumisha ifumbire mu butaka, kugumisha ubuhehere mu butaka no kugabanya kumera kw’ibyatsi bibi.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/ibintu-ukwiriye-kujya-witaho-buri-munsi-niba-ushaka-kwirinda-diyabeti</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] iplieekoocdt1tf48xcu86xc92yy39n 0 14420 130722 113069 2026-04-22T01:57:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130722 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Annona cherimola fruit, Pedra Bela, Brazil.jpg|thumb|Sharamariya iri mugiti|165x165px]] [[Dosiye:Cherimoya fruit basket 1.jpg|thumb|Sharamariya|170x170px]] [[Dosiye:Annona cherimola Brazil.jpg|thumb|Sharamariya|171x171px]] [[Dosiye:Cherimoya fruit slices.jpg|thumb|161x161px|Urubuto rwa Sharamariya ruteguye]] Sharamariya Uru rubuto rugira amazina atandukanye bitewe n’akarere. Abenshi baruzi ku izina rya coeur de boeuf, nyamara abandi nabo barwita sharamariya. Iri zina rya sharamariya rishobora kuba ryaraturutse ku izina ry’uru rubuto mu gifaransa kuko mu by’ukuri izina bwite si coeur de boeuf ahubwo ni chérimole. Mu cyongereza ni custard apple.Uru rubuto nubwo rudakunze kuboneka ahantu hose, nyamara ni rumwe mu mbuto z’ingenzi dore ko ruza mu mbuto zifasha umubiri wacu guhangana na kanseri. Uru rubuto rufatiye runini umubiri wacu haba umutima, uruhu, amagufa, n’ibindi. Ibi byose bigize uru rubuto nibyo biruha ubushobozi bwo kugira indwara ruturinda, ndetse n’ibyo rutuvura.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/sharamariya/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228103128/https://umutihealth.com/sharamariya/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://yegob.rw/ibyo-kurya-byagufasha-kwirinda-no-guhangana-na-kanseri/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubuhinzi/hari-umuhinzi-ushaka-ko-pome-zera-zikaboneka-ku-isoko-nka-voka/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228103153/https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubuhinzi/hari-umuhinzi-ushaka-ko-pome-zera-zikaboneka-ku-isoko-nka-voka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Cherimoya fruits.jpg|left|thumb|159x159px|Sharamariya]] [[File:Branch with fruits of cherimoya.jpg|thumb|Sharamariya|172x172px]] == Akamaro == * Ibibabi bya sharamariya bifasha umubiri guhangana na kanseri naho ibishishwa byo ku giti bikavura indwara z’amenyo no kubabara ishinya, kimwe no kurwara ifumbi y’amenyo (kumwe woza amenyo ukava) * Vitamini C nkuko duhora tubivuga ni ingenzi mu gusukura umubiri ivanamo uburozi ikanawurinda indwara kuko yongerera ubudahangarwa ingufu. * Vitamin A ni nziza ku ruhu, amaso n’umusatsi * Potassium ifasha mu kurwanya gucika intege, ukagira ingufu mu mikaya * Magnesium ifasha mu kuringaniza igipimo cy’amazi mu mubiri. Ni nziza ku barwaye goute, rubagimpande no kuribwa mu ngingo * Umuringa ufasha mu kurinda kwituma impatwe * Fibre zifasha nazo mu kuvura impatwe no gutuma igogorwa rigenda neza * Sharamariya kandi ikoreshwa mu buvuzi gakondo bunyuranye. Igipondo cy uru rubuto ruhase gishyirwa ku bibyimba ibitobo n’ibikomere bigakira.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umutima-w-imfizi-urubuto-rukomeje-gukendera-mu-rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/ukeneye-kugira-ubwonko-bukora-neza-urubuto-rwitwa-cherimoya-coeur-de-boeuf-umutima-w-imfizi-rwabigufashamo</ref> == Amshakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] c80wgkinbkeczre03pxjyrvdav8lw40 0 14426 130718 127767 2026-04-21T22:28:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130718 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:084 Green grass lawn background, green mowed grass free photo.jpg|thumb|143x143px|Pasiparumu]] [[Dosiye:Kwahira ibyatsi.jpg|left|thumb|165x165px|pasiparume]] Pasiparume ni umuryango w'ibimera byitwa monocotyledonous byurutonde Poales, birimo amoko agera ku 12.000 y'ibyatsi bisa ubururu, Pasiparume yatangiye gukoreshwa muri 780, aho yaje nogukwirakwira mu [[isi]] yose. Pasiparume ikaba imaze kugira umubare w'ubwoko bwinshi cyane, ukaba ari umuryango wa gatanu wibimera by'indabyo, nyuma ya Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae na Rubiaceae.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubworozi/hatangijwe-ubukangurambaga-bwigisha-aborozi-guhunika-ubwatsi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228121227/https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubworozi/hatangijwe-ubukangurambaga-bwigisha-aborozi-guhunika-ubwatsi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/article/gutunganya-ubusitani-akazi-kinjiriza-menshi-abagakora</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230228113308/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?rubrique13</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/plant/grass</ref> * [[Dosiye:Natural green grass.jpg|thumb|176x176px|Pasiparumu]]Pasiparume ikaba ukunzwe gukoreshwa cyane mu gukora ubusitani butandyukanye. * Pasiparume ikaba kandi ikoreshwa mugukora ikibuga cyo gukiniraho. * Pasiparume rimwe na nimwe bitewe nigihe cy'izuba icya ihinduka ibiryo by'amatungo.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/ihere-ijisho-ubwiza-bwa-stade-ya-bugesera-yatangiye-kuganurwa-n-abatuye-aka</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/uburyo-bushobora-gufasha-umworozi-guhunika-ubwatsi-muri-iyi-mpeshyi</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gicumbi-urubyiruko-rwayobotse-ikoranabuhanga-mu-gukora-ubwatsi-bw-amatungo</ref> [[Dosiye:Grass 9.jpg|thumb|Pasiparume|138x138px]] == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 03wqstem4io5ig1qny6by3x63wszycv 0 15483 130735 127356 2026-04-22T09:48:21Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130735 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:KageraRuvubu.jpg|right|thumb|275x275px| Ruvubu aho ihurira na Nyabarongo. Ruvubu iva ibumoso, Nayabarongo uhereye iburyo; ihuriro rya [[Umugezi wa Kagera|Kagera]] ryerekeza mu majyaruguru.]] [[Dosiye:Kagera_catchment_OSM.svg|right|thumb|414x414px| Umugezi wa Ruvuvu (hagati)]] '''Umugezi wa Ruvubu''' (witwa '''Rurubu''' na '''Ruvuvu''' ) ni uruzi rwo muri [[Afurika]] rwagati amazi yawo akusanyiriza mu gice cya kure, mu majyepfo y'ikibaya cya [[Nili]] . Uburebure bwa kilometero 416 kandi ifite ikibaya cya mazi ya kilometero 14,000. Irazamuka mu majyaruguru yu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], hafi y’umujyi wa Kayanza hanyuma ikora umukororroba hepfo yerekeza mu Burundi, igahuzwa n’umugezi wa Ruvyironza hafi ya Gitega . Kuva aho, unyura mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, unyuze muri parike y'igihugu ya Ruvubu, kugera ku mupaka [[Tanzaniya|wa Tanzaniya]] . Nyuma yo kwambuka umupaka, Ruvubu yambuka neza muri Tanzaniya, mbere yo kwinjira mu [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|ruzi rwa Nyabarongo]] ku mupaka wa Tanzaniya - [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] hafi y’isumo [[Isumo rya Rusumo|rya Rusumo]], kugira ngo agire [[Umugezi wa Kagera|uruzi rwa Kagera]] .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/ingenzi/rusumo-kubaka-urugomero-rwamashanyarazi-ku-mugezi-wakagera-bigeze-kuri-80-ku-ijana/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321152357/https://muhaziyacu.rw/ingenzi/rusumo-kubaka-urugomero-rwamashanyarazi-ku-mugezi-wakagera-bigeze-kuri-80-ku-ijana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/uko-gari-ya-moshi-yagombaga-kuvana-u-rwanda-mu-bwigunge-mu-myaka-120-ishize</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intyoza.com/2018/05/17/kamonyi-umurambo-wumugabo-wabonywe-ku-nkombe-zumugezi-mu-kagari-ka-nyarubuye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321152356/https://www.intyoza.com/2018/05/17/kamonyi-umurambo-wumugabo-wabonywe-ku-nkombe-zumugezi-mu-kagari-ka-nyarubuye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/green-party-iratabariza-imigezi-y-u-rwanda-kubera-ibiyihumanya-bimenwamo</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubuzima/article/rubavu-umugezi-wa-sebeya-wuzuye-cyane-uheza-abantu-mu-nzu</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Ntabwo-tuzaceceka-cyangwa-ngo-turekere-keretse-ibyo-byose-dusaba-bimaze</ref><ref>https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/06/10/can-the-international-law-resolve-egypt-nile-river-crisis/</ref> Ruvubu yakuye izina ryayo mu ijambo rya [[Ikirundi|Kirundi]] risobanura imvubu, imvubu, kubera ko uruzi rutuwe n'abaturage benshi b'imvubu. <ref>https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/11/04/fleeing-burundi-wont-protect-you-from-its-government-imbonerakure-tanzania-refugees/</ref><ref>https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2017/09/25/language/learn-japanese-travel-world/</ref>{{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Uburundi]] nvhqkj6civvmcxvonmnm9pbwuop1fye 0 15577 130733 93523 2026-04-22T09:06:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130733 wikitext text/x-wiki Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera ifite imisozi migufi ariko ihererekanye ku buryo bunogeye ijisho, iri mu bihongerera ubwiza nyaburanga, iyo uri kuri iyi misozi nibwo unabona uruhererekane rw’ibiyaga benshi baba barabwiwe cyangwa barasomye mu bitabo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukerarugendo/menya-udusozi-twihariye-wasanga-muri-pariki-yakagera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322123008/https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukerarugendo/menya-udusozi-twihariye-wasanga-muri-pariki-yakagera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pariki y’Akagera ifite imisozi n’ udusozi byinshi bigaragarira ijisho yewe utwinshi muri two biragoye no kumenya amazina yatwo gusa hari amazina azwi nka: Mutumba, Ibere ry’Inkumi cyangwa Ibere rya Nyamatete, Gihinga, Kageyo, Nyagakonji, Rwisirabo, n’utundi.<ref name=":0" /> == Udusozi turimo == === '''Agasozi gahabura abahabye ka Gihinga''' === Iyo uhari uba ureba Tanzaniya, ndetse n’icyerekezo cya Uganda. Ni mu Murenge wa Karangazi, Akarere ka Nyagatare.<ref name=":0" /> === '''Agasozi ka Kiyonza''' === Iyo uri hano usanganizwa urugwiro, ni na ho hari ibiro bikuru bya pariki, ndetse na hoteli Akagera Game Lodge. Uba witegeye ibiyaga bya Birengero, Shakani n’Ihema ndetse ureba Tanzania.<ref name=":0" /> === '''Isunzu rya Muhororo (Muhororo crest)''' === Uhagaze aha hantu uba witegeye neza ikibaba bya Kilala na Muhana, uba ureba ahitwa Nyamatete ndetse n’uruhererekane rw’imisozi ya Mutumba. Ni mu karere ka Nyagatare. Iyo uri hano, uba ureba ikirere giherereyemo icumbi rya Magashi (Magashi Lodge) n’icumbi rya Karenge (Karenge Bush Camp).<ref name=":0" /> === '''Isunzu Nyagakonji''' === Habarizwa Rhino Lodge n’Ihema View Camp, ni mu Murenge wa Kabare, mu Karere ka Kayonza. Iyo ugeze aha hantu uba ureba ubwiza bwa Pariki y’Akagera nk’ikiyaga cy’Ihema, na Tanzania.<ref name=":0" /> === '''Agasozi ka Kageyo''' === Iyo uhari uba ureba Tanzania hafi yawe. Ni mu Murenge wa Mwiri, Akarere ka Kayonza.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibindi == Iyo misozi yose ndetse n’indi itavuzwe ibitse amateka anyuranye y’ubukerarugendo no kubungabunga Pariki y’Akagera (the cradle of tourism and conservation of Akagera national park).<ref name=":0" /> == Reba == cem3aehwonr7i55x4qscjbcbyem74hn 0 16101 130732 120262 2026-04-22T08:40:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130732 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:In_Musanze_Cave_in.jpg|thumb|Ubuvumo]] Ubuvumo bwa Samatare buherereye mu karere ka Rwamagana Umurenge wa Gahengeri, Akagari ka Kagezi, Ni ubuvumo burebure kuburyo n’ahabatuye batazi uko bureshya cyangea uko bwabayeho. Buri mu musozi w’amabuye menshi, buteye ubwoba n’amatsiko cyane.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/umutekano/rwamagana-habonetse-umurambo-wumukobwa-wari-wagiye-gusengera-mu-buvumo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-date=2023-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407140050/https://muhaziyacu.rw/umutekano/rwamagana-habonetse-umurambo-wumukobwa-wari-wagiye-gusengera-mu-buvumo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imiterere == Ubuvumo bwa Samatare ni ubuvumo nyabagendwa ku ntangiriro zabwo kugera kuri za metero nke ugenda, harimo ibyumba (inzira zibushamikiyeho) kandi ni ubuvumo benshi baza gusengeramo nubwo bitemewe kubera impamvu z’umutekano w’abajyamo. Muri ubu buvumo harimo udupapuro twanditseho ibyifuzo abasengaga banditse batura Imana, abaza kuhasengera abenshi ni abaturuka kure baza bagafata amajoro atari make. Iyo ubonye ubu buvumo usanga buteye amatsiko cyane ku buryo buramutse bukozweho ubushakashatsi bugatunganywa bukitabwaho bwahinduka ahantu nyaburanga hakurura amatsiko y’abantu ari nako hinjiza imari n’iterambere hafi yabwo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/menya-ubuvumo-butangaje-bwa-samatare-i-rwamagana.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-date=2023-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407140050/https://ar.umuseke.rw/menya-ubuvumo-butangaje-bwa-samatare-i-rwamagana.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == 1tjzc8waa0wpuzkb7bh6o3y6z4ohacg 0 16661 130729 113314 2026-04-22T07:39:14Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130729 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Arab Maghreb Union.svg|thumb|ibendera rya union du maghreb arabe[[Dosiye:AMU MIYAZAKI YAMA.jpg|thumb|umujyi wo muri union du maghreb arabe]]]] [[Dosiye:Amu square.jpg|thumb|arab of maghreb]] Ubumwe bw'Abarabu Maghreb (UMA mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Arab Maghreb Union'', Mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Union du Maghreb Arabe'') ni ubumwe bwa politiki n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi y’ubumwe agamije ubumwe bw’ubukungu n’ejo hazaza mu bihugu by’abarabu Ibihugu biherereye cyane cyane i [[Maghreb de Fès|Maghreb]] muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Abanyamuryango bayo ni ibihugu bya [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]], [[Libiya]], [[Moritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Maroke|Maroc]] na<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia</ref> [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]]. Ubumwe ntibwashoboye kugera ku majyambere agaragara ku ntego zabwo kubera ubwumvikane buke mu by'ubukungu na politiki hagati ya Maroc na Alijeriya ku bijyanye n'ikibazo cya Sahara y'Uburengerazuba. Nta nama yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yabaye kuva ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2008,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union#cite_note-2</ref> kandi abasobanuzi bavuga ko Ubumwe businziriye.<ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/02/08/193416</ref><ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=NHCQBAFMwawC&q=moribund&pg=PA1117&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=moribund&f=false</ref><ref>https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/the-liberated-maghreb-looks-to-economic-union-1.391864</ref> == Kurema == Igitekerezo cy’ubumwe bw’ubukungu cya [[:en:Maghreb|Maghreb]] cyatangiranye n’ubwigenge bwa Tuniziya na <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state</ref> [[Maroke|Maroc]] mu 1956. Nyuma y’imyaka mirongo itatu, ni bwo ibihugu bitanu bya [[Maghreb de Fès|Maghreb]] - [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]], [[Libiya]], [[Moritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Maroke|Maroc]], na [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] byahuye bwa mbere. Inama ya Maghreb mu 1988.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20200723093018/https://www.uneca.org/oria/pages/uma-arab-maghreb-union-0</ref> Ubumwe bwashinzwe ku ya 17 Gashyantare 1989 ubwo amasezerano yasinywaga n’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango i Marrakech.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.panapress.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-04 |archive-date=2020-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126174048/https://www.panapress.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Dukurikije Itegeko Nshinga, intego yaryo ni ukwemeza ubufatanye "n’inzego zisa n’akarere ... [kugira] uruhare mu gutunganya ibiganiro mpuzamahanga ... [gushimangira ubwigenge bw’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango kandi ... [ kurinda] umutungo wabo. " Ingamba zifatika z’akarere zishingiye ku kuba, hamwe, hamwe na fosifate nini, peteroli, na gaze, kandi ni ikigo cyambukiranya Uburayi bw’amajyepfo. Intsinzi y'Ubumwe rero, yaba ingenzi mubukungu. == Ishirahamwe == Hariho ubuyobozi busimburana muri AMU bukorwa na buri gihugu. Umunyamabanga mukuru uriho ubu ni umunya Tuniziya [[:en:Taïeb_Baccouche|Taïeb Baccouche]].<ref>https://northafricapost.com/12050-maghreb-taieb-bacchouche-new-chairman-arab-maghreb-union.html</ref> == Abanyamuryango == Mu nama ya 16 y’abaminisitiri b’ububanyi n’amahanga ba AMU, yabaye ku ya 12 Ugushyingo 1994 muri [[Aligeriya|Algiers,]] [[Misiri]] yasabye kwinjira mu itsinda rya AMU. * [[Aligeriya|Algeria]] * [[Libiya|Libya]] * [[Moritaniya|Mauritania]] * [[Maroke|Morocco]] * [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]] == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bwa AMU buhuza ubukungu bwibihugu bine kuri bitanu bigize uyu muryango. Ibihugu byose byiganjemo ibihugu by’abarabu n’abayisilamu. Ibihugu bine kuri bitanu bya AMU bifite [[:en:GDP|GDP]] ihuriweho (mugihe cyo kugura imbaraga zingana;<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity</ref> PPP) ingana na tiriyari 1.5276 USD. Igihugu gikize cyane hashingiwe kuri GDP kuri buri muntu muri PPP ni [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]. Hashingiwe kuri GDP umuturage (nominal), [[Libiya]] nicyo gihugu gikize cyane, aho amafaranga yinjiza arenga US $ 65.803 kuri buri muntu. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuryango]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica]] [[Ikiciro:Imibereho myiza]] lco3z9extrzre0mlhwnefyiikr250bh 0 17032 130724 122108 2026-04-22T02:41:06Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130724 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hRecipes]] [[Category:Articles with hProducts]] [[Dosiye:Skol logo 2015.svg|thumb|Ikirango cya Skol]] [[Dosiye:Skol table.JPG|thumb|Bimwe mu bikorwa n'uruganda rwa Skol]] '''Skol Lager''' ni yatunganijwe mbere n’inzoga zikorwa na Ind Coope breweries i Alloa, muri ekosse yo hagati. Muri 1958, Continental Graham yatangije (ishingiye ku nzoga yaho yitwa Graham's Gorden) ihita ihinduka Skol ya Graham kugirango itange igitekerezo cyo muri Scandinaviya ( uruganda rwose rwatumijwe muri [[Suwede]] ). Izina ryaje kuvugururwa ubu ni Skol gusa. Allied Breweries ( UK ), Labatt ( [[Kanada]] ), Pripps-Bryggerierna ( Suwede ), na Unibra ( Ububiligi ) bashinze isosiyete nshya yitwa '''Skol International''' muri 1964. Intego yacyo kwari ugushiraho ikirango cy’inzoga kuri isi, Skol, gishobora gutangwa, gukora no gucuruzwa ku isi hose. Mu mpera z'imyaka ya z 1960, ryamamajwe cyane kuri Radiyo pirate yo mu Buholandi yitwa Veronica nka Skol International, hamwe n'ijwi ryamamaza ryaririmbwe na Patrica Paay, waje kuba umuririmbyi wa pop mu Buholandi akaba n'umunyamakuru wa TV. Kuva icyo gihe kwitabira isosiyete byahindutse ku buryo bugaragara . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 1969 |title=Unilever Limited and Allied Breweries Limited |url=http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/1960_1969/fulltext/053c02.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507082713/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk//rep_pub/reports/1960_1969/fulltext/053c02.pdf |archive-date=7 May 2009 |access-date=20 April 2008 |publisher=[[Competition Commission (United Kingdom)|Monopolies Commission]]}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Carretona da Skol (2).jpg|thumb|Imodoka zitwara ibinyobwa bya Skol]] Kuva muri 1973 kugeza 1982, byeri munsi yikirango cya Skol yatekwaga n’inzoga yo mu Buholandi Oranjeboom, ariko ntibyagenze neza ku isoko ry’Ubuholandi. Muri 1980, Skol yari umuterankunga mukuru wa Automotive ya Fittipaldi, nyuma yuko inkunga ya Copersucar irangiye shampiyona irangiye . Ikirango kandi cyateye inkunga marushanwa y’igikombe cya Scottish League kuva 1984 - 1992, igikombe cya kabiri Skol Cup gihabwa abatsinze hamwe n'igikombe gisanzwe cya shampiyona muri iki gihe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scottish League Cup |url=http://www.stevesfootballstats.uk/scottish_league_cup.html |access-date=3 November 2020 |website=stevesfootballstats.uk}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Céu @ Skol - Dia 5 - 9.jpg|thumb|Skol n'umuterankunga wibitaramo bigiye bitandukanye]] Muri 1992, ihuriro hagati ya Allied Breweries na Carlsberg ryateje Carlsberg Tetley's, yimuye umusaruro wa Skol uva Alloa ujya mu ruganda rwabo i Leeds kugeza ubwo inzoga zafunzwe muri 2011. Ikomeje gukwirakwizwa mu Bwongereza, <ref name="brands">{{Cite web |title=SKOL |url=http://www.carlsberggroup.com/brands/Pages/SKOL.aspx |access-date=22 July 2013 |publisher=Carlsberg Group}}</ref> hamwe na ABV yagabanutse kugera kuri 2.8%. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2011 |title=Carlsberg UK reduces Skol ABV to 2.8% |url=http://www.talkingretail.com/products/product-news/carlsberg-uk-reduces-skol-abv-to-2-8 |publisher=Talking Retail}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Skol logo 2015.svg|thumb]] Carlsberg afite uruhushya rwo guteka no gucuruza inzoga ku isi hose, usibye Afurika na Amerika y'Epfo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2004 |title=Carlsberg brings cheers with Skol beer |url=http://www.carlsberggroup.com/investor/news/Pages/CarlsbergbringscheerswithSkolbeerATW2004.aspx |publisher=Carlsberg Group |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-date=27 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227043933/http://www.carlsberggroup.com/investor/news/Pages/CarlsbergbringscheerswithSkolbeerATW2004.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Unibra ifite uruhushya rwa Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Présentation |url=http://www.unibra.be/?page_id=3 |access-date=22 July 2013 |publisher=Unibra}}</ref> Mu Burayi, byeri nayo ikorerwa kandi igacuruzwa muri [[Romaniya|Rumaniya]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=100% Bere SKOL – Bere blonda pasteurizata |url=http://www.skolbeer.ro/ |access-date=22 July 2013 |publisher=Skol Beer |archive-date=30 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730102036/http://skolbeer.ro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> na [[Turukiya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2013 |title=Board Of Directors'report At 31 March 2013 |url=http://www.turktuborg.com.tr/content/pdfs/31-03-2013-Faaliyet-Raporu.pdf |publisher=Türk Tuborg |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-date=26 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626215628/http://www.turktuborg.com.tr/content/pdfs/31-03-2013-Faaliyet-Raporu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri [[Aziya]], ikwirakwizwa muri [[Malesiya|Maleziya]], [[Ubushinwa]], [[Hongo Kongo|Hong Kong]], na [[Singapore]] . <ref name="brands"/> Muri Afurika, iri muri [[Angola]], [[Uburundi|u Burundi]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Gineya]], [[Madagasikari]], n'u [[Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=SKOL Africa |url=http://skolinternational.com/skol-africa/ |access-date=10 June 2010 |publisher=SKOL International |archive-date=7 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307012525/http://skolinternational.com/skol-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Izina ni ururimi rw'icyongereza ruhindura ibinyobwa bya Scandinaviya skål. Mu gihe runaka, Hägar the cartrible cartoon character yakoreshejwe mu kuzamurwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adverts Q-Z |url=http://www.tvwhirl.co.uk/advertsqz.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626071201/http://www.tvwhirl.co.uk/advertsqz.html |archive-date=26 June 2009 |access-date=20 April 2008 |publisher=TV Whirl}}</ref> Ku isoko rya Berezile Skol yongeyeho ibinyobwa bishya ku kirango cyabo cyitwa Skol Beats gifite uburyohe bwa citrus hamwe nuburyohe bwinshi, harimo ubururu, umutuku, n'icyatsi, hiyongereyeho umurongo mushya wa gin ya Skol Beats n'ibinyobwa bya tonike byose birimo hafi 7.9% inzoga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Skol products |url=https://www.skol.com.br/produtos/ |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-date=2020-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120022551/https://www.skol.com.br/produtos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibihembo == [[Dosiye:Skol, Aisle 15, Morrisons, Wetherby (14th June 2019).jpg|thumb]] Ikirango cyahawe igihembo cya Zahabu mu guhitamo ubuziranenge bw’isi 2012, cyateguwe na Monde Selection . Iki cyari igihembo cya kabiri mpuzamahanga Skol yatsindiye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2012 |title=Local brewery wins international quality award |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=15020&a=54641 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613170802/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=15020&a=54641 |archive-date=13 June 2012 |publisher=New Times Rwanda}}</ref> Inzoga yahawe kandi umudari wa zahabu wo gupakira ndetse n’umudari wa feza mu cyiciro cy uburyohe mu bihembo mpuzamahanga by’inzoga bya Ositaraliya 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2005 |title=Cheers to Skol in Malaysia |url=http://www.carlsberggroup.com/investor/news/Pages/CheerstoSkolinMalaysiaATW2005.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110000041/http://www.carlsberggroup.com/investor/news/Pages/CheerstoSkolinMalaysiaATW2005.aspx |archive-date=10 November 2011 |access-date=22 July 2013 |publisher=Carlsberg Group}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist|2}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.skolafrica.com/ Skol Afrika] * [http://www.skol.com.br/ Skol Berezile] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230402055601/https://racorestebarbatul.ro/ Skol Romania] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] efv0khs6nwwrzy5uq2i7270kblie74z 0 17065 130741 118368 2026-04-22T11:54:14Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130741 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bixby Creek Bridge, California, USA - May 2013.jpg|thumb|Ikiraro]] [[Dosiye:Cataratas Victoria, Zambia-Zimbabue, 2018-07-27, DD 16-20 PAN.jpg|thumb|Ikiraro gihuza zimbabwe na Zambia]] [[Dosiye:Cataratas Victoria, Zambia-Zimbabue, 2018-07-27, DD 16-20 PAN.jpg|thumb|'''Cataratas Victoria, Zambia-Zimbabue, 2018-07-27''']] [[Dosiye:The Chirundu Bridge.jpg|thumb|ikiraro cya chilundu]] == Amateka ndetse n'inyungu mu bwubatsi bw'ibiraro == [[Dosiye:Maslenica Bridge (D 8), Croatia.JPG|thumb|ikiraro]] {| class="wikitable" |+ ! !Amazina !Gutandukanya !Uburebure !Ubwoko !Inzira !Gufungura !Aho biherereye !Intara !Am. |- |1 |Urugomero rwa Kariba  rwahagaritsweho ikiraro |Ikiraro cy'agateganyo gikoreshwa mu kubaka urugomero rwa Kariba, Metero 424 |Metero 219 |Suspension Towerless, steel truss deck |Ikiraro cy'Umuhanda wa Zambezi |Mu mwaka wa 1958 |Kariba–Siavonga <small>[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_bridges_in_Zimbabwe&params=16_31_17.5_S_28_45_45.6_E_type:landmark&title=Kariba+Dam+Suspension+Bridge 16°31′17.5″S 28°45′45.6″E]</small> |Mashonaland Intara y'Iburengerazuba bwa Zambiya |<ref>Thompson, F.B. (April 1960).https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_15943. ''Civil Engineering''. South African Institution Of Civil Engineering </ref> |} == Ikiraro kinini == {{row indexer|{| class{{=}}"wikitable sortable"|- ! class{{=}}"unsortable"| ! scope{{=}}col | ! scope{{=}}col |Name ! scope{{=}}col |Span ! scope{{=}}col |Length ! scope{{=}}col width{{=}}"115" |Type ! scope{{=}}col width{{=}}"115" |Carries<br />''Crosses'' ! scope{{=}}col |Opened ! scope{{=}}col |Location ! scope{{=}}col |Province ! class{{=}}"unsortable"|Ref.|-|[[File:Bbridge.jpg|150px]]||_row_count||[[Birchenough Bridge]]||{{convert|329|m|ft|abbr=on}}||{{convert|378|m|ft|abbr=on}}||<small>{{Sort|A|[[Arch bridge|Arch]]<br />Steel through arch}}</small>||{{center|<small>[[A9 road (Zimbabwe)|A9 road]]<br />''[[Save River (Africa)|Save River]]''</small>}}||1935||[[Chipinge]]<br /><small>{{Coord|19|57|43.1|S|32|20|39.3|E|type:landmark|display=inline|name=Birchenough Bridge}}</small>||[[Manicaland Province]]||<ref group=S>{{cite web |url=https://structurae.net/en/structures/birchenough-bridge | title=Birchenough Bridge }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite journal |journal=Journal of the Institution of Civil Engineers |title=Discussion - The design and erection of the Birchenough and Otto Beit Bridges, Rhodesia |last1=Shirley Smith |first1=H. |last2=Faber |first2=O. |last3=Bateson |first3=E. |last4=Freeman |first4=R. |last5=Henzell |first5=J.S. |date=May 1945 |volume=24 |issue=7 |issn=0368-2455 |pages=195-208 |doi-access=free |doi=10.1680/ijoti.1945.12258 }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://wondersofworldengineering.com/birchenough.html |title=The Birchenough Bridge |website=Wondersofworldengineering.com |access-date=2 December 2022}}</ref>|-|[[File:Olto Beit Bridge over the Zambesi at Chirundu. North Rhodesia (37788904851).jpg|150px]]||_row_count||[[Chirundu Bridge|Otto Beit Bridge]]||{{convert|328|m|ft|abbr=on}}||{{convert|369|m|ft|abbr=on}}||<small>{{Sort|S|[[Suspension bridge|Suspension]]<br />Steel truss deck, steel pylons}}</small>||{{center|<small>[[R3 road (Zimbabwe)|R3 road]]<br />''[[Zambezi]]''</small>}}||1939||[[Chirundu, Zimbabwe]]&ndash;[[Chirundu, Zambia]]<br /><small>{{Coord|16|02|16.6|S|28|51|08.2|E|type:landmark|display=inline|name=Otto Beit Bridge}}</small>||[[Mashonaland West Province]]<br />{{ZMB}}||<ref group=S>{{cite web |url=https://structurae.net/en/structures/otto-beit-bridge | title=Otto Beit Bridge }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://beittrust.org.uk/beit-trust-history/ |title=History of the Beit Trust |website=Beittrust.org.uk |access-date=March 26, 2023}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.isg-progetti.it/lavori/infrastrutture/analisi-del-tiro-degli-stralli-dellotto-beit-bridge/ |title=Ponte sospeso “Sir Otto Beit Bridge” (Zambia) |trans-title=Suspension bridge "Sir Otto Beit Bridge" (Zambia) |language=it |website=Isg-progetti.it - ISG-progetti Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica |access-date=March 26, 2023}}</ref>|-|[[File:The bridges at Chirundu border post.jpg|150px]]||_row_count||[[Chirundu Bridge|Second Chirundu Bridge]]||{{convert|160|m|ft|abbr=on}}||{{convert|400|m|ft|abbr=on}}||<small>{{Sort|BG|[[Box girder bridge|Box girder]]<br />Prestressed concrete<br />119+160+119}}</small>||{{center|<small>[[R3 road (Zimbabwe)|R3 road]]<br />''[[Zambezi]]''</small>}}||2002||[[Chirundu, Zimbabwe]]&ndash;[[Chirundu, Zambia]]<br /><small>{{Coord|16|02|18.8|S|28|51|05.8|E|type:landmark|display=inline|name=Second Chirundu Bridge}}</small>||[[Mashonaland West Province]]<br />{{ZMB}}||<ref group=S>{{cite web |url=https://structurae.net/en/structures/chirundu-bridge | title=Chirundu Bridge}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://ssms.jp/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/sms09_117.pdf |title=The Importance of Design and Technical Management in International Bridge |chapter=Chirundu Bridge Construction Project in Zambia/Zimbabwe |last1=Yamazaki |first1=Keiji |last2=Kashiwamura |first2=Tomohiko |last3=Otsubo |first3=Masato |last4=Yamazaki |first4=Jun |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103160904/https://ssms.jp/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/sms09_117.pdf |archive-date=3 January 2020 |website=Ssms.jp }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite report |url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11420841_02.pdf |title=The Feasibility Study on the Proposed New Bridge Over the Zambezi River at Chirundu Border Post |publisher=[[Japan International Cooperation Agency]] |pages=45-112 |website=Openjicareport.jica.go.jp }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kajima.co.jp/topics/news_notes/vol24/v24b.htm |title=Traffic Opens on the Chirundu Bridge Linking Zambia and Zimbabwe |publisher=Kajima News & Notes Vol.24 |date=2003 |website=Kajima.co.jp - [[Kajima|Kajima Corporation]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171652/http://www.kajima.co.jp/topics/news_notes/vol24/v24b.htm |archive-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref>|-|[[File:Victoria Falls Bridge, Zambia.jpg|150px]]||_row_count||[[Victoria Falls Bridge]]||{{convert|156|m|ft|abbr=on}}||{{convert|198|m|ft|abbr=on}}||<small>{{Sort|A|[[Arch bridge|Arch]]<br />Steel deck arch}}</small>||{{center|<small>[[A8 road (Zimbabwe)|A8 road]]<br />''[[Zambezi]]''</small>}}||1905||[[Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe|Victoria Falls]]&ndash;[[Livingstone, Zambia|Livingstone]]<br /><small>{{Coord|17|55|42.2|S|25|51|25.3|E|type:landmark|display=inline|name=Victoria Falls Bridge}}</small>||[[Matabeleland North Province]]<br />{{ZMB}}||<ref group=S>{{cite web |url=https://structurae.net/en/structures/victoria-falls-bridge | title=Victoria Falls Bridge }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asce.org/project/victoria-falls-bridge/ |title=Victoria Falls Bridge |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423060740/https://www.asce.org/project/victoria-falls-bridge/ |archive-date=23 April 2021 |website=Asce.org - [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] }}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://zambezibookcompany.com/zbc/sss-more/bridgingthezambezi.html |title=Sun, Steel & Spray - A history of the Victoria Falls Bridge |last1=Roberts |first1=Peter |date=2011 |website=Zambezibookcompany.com |access-date=2 December 2022 |archive-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202225323/http://zambezibookcompany.com/zbc/sss-more/bridgingthezambezi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>|}}} {| class="wikitable" |+ ! ! !Amazina ! !Uburebure !Ubwoko !Inzira !Gufungura !Aho biherereye !Intara !Am. |- |[[Dosiye:Bbridge.jpg|thumb]] |1 |Ikiraro cya Birchenough |Metero 329 |Metero 378 |Arch Steel through arch |Umuhanda wa A9 ''Zambezi'' |Mu mwaka wa 1935 |Chipinge <small>[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_bridges_in_Zimbabwe&params=19_57_43.1_S_32_20_39.3_E_type:landmark&title=Birchenough+Bridge 19°57′43.1″S 32°20′39.3″E]</small> |Intara ya Manicaland |<ref>https://structurae.net/en/structures/birchenough-bridge</ref><ref>https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/10.1680/ijoti.1945.12258</ref><ref>https://wondersofworldengineering.com/birchenough.html</ref> |- |[[Dosiye:Olto Beit Bridge over the Zambesi at Chirundu. North Rhodesia (37788904851).jpg|thumb]] |2 |Ikiraro cya Otto Beit |Metero 328 |Metero 369 |Suspension Steel truss deck, steel pylons |Umuhanda wa R3 ''Zambezi'' |Mu mwaka wa 1939 |Chirundu, Zimbabwe–Chirundu, Zambia <small>[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_bridges_in_Zimbabwe&params=16_02_16.6_S_28_51_08.2_E_type:landmark&title=Otto+Beit+Bridge 16°02′16.6″S 28°51′08.2″E]</small> |Intara y'Iburengerazuba ya Mashonaland muri Zambiya |<ref>https://structurae.net/en/structures/otto-beit-bridge</ref><ref>https://beittrust.org.uk/beit-trust-history/</ref><ref>http://www.isg-progetti.it/lavori/infrastrutture/analisi-del-tiro-degli-stralli-dellotto-beit-bridge/</ref> |- |[[Dosiye:The bridges at Chirundu border post.jpg|thumb]] |3 |Ikiraro cya Second Chirundu |Metero 160 |Metero 400 |Box girder Prestressed concrete 119+160+119 |Umuhanda wa R3 ''Zambezi'' |Mu mwaka wa 2002 |Chirundu, Zimbabwe–Chirundu, Zambia <small>[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_bridges_in_Zimbabwe&params=16_02_18.8_S_28_51_05.8_E_type:landmark&title=Second+Chirundu+Bridge 16°02′18.8″S 28°51′05.8″E]</small> |Intara y'Iburengerazuba ya Mashonaland muri Zambiya |<ref>https://structurae.net/en/structures/chirundu-bridge</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200103160904/https://ssms.jp/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/sms09_117.pdf</ref><ref>https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11420841_02.pdf</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171652/http://www.kajima.co.jp/topics/news_notes/vol24/v24b.htm</ref> |- |[[Dosiye:Victoria Falls Bridge, Zambia.jpg|thumb]] |4 |Ikiraro cya Victoria Falls |Metero 156 |Metero 198 |Arch Steel deck arch |Umuhanda wa A8 ''Zambezi'' |Mumwaka wa 1905 |Victoria Falls–Livingstone <small>[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_bridges_in_Zimbabwe&params=17_55_42.2_S_25_51_25.3_E_type:landmark&title=Victoria+Falls+Bridge 17°55′42.2″S 25°51′25.3″E]</small> |Intara y'Amajyaruguru ya Matabeleland muri Zambiya |<ref>https://structurae.net/en/structures/victoria-falls-bridge</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210423060740/https://www.asce.org/project/victoria-falls-bridge/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://zambezibookcompany.com/zbc/sss-more/bridgingthezambezi.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-15 |archive-date=2023-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425231316/http://zambezibookcompany.com/zbc/sss-more/bridgingthezambezi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} == Reba kandi == * Ubwikorezi muri Zimbabwe * Gariyamoshi y'igihugu ya Zimbabwe * Ubumenyi bw'imiterere y'isi bwa Zimbabwe * Urutonde rw'inzuzi za Zimbabwe * Urutonde rwambuka uruzi rwa Zambezi == Amashakiro == * Nicolas Janberg, ''Structurae.com'', Ububikoshingiro Mpuzamahanga ku benegihugu n'ubwubatsi * Andi mashakiro {{Reflist}} == Ibindi byo gusoma == * {{cite book|ref=PradeMonde|last=Prade|first=Marcel|date=1990|title=Les Grands Ponts du Monde : Ponts Remarquables Hors d'Europe|trans-title=The Great Bridges of the World: Remarkable Bridges Outside Europe|chapter=Le Zimbabwe|page=41|series=Art et patrimoine|location=Poitiers|publisher=Brissaud|isbn=2-902170-68-8|language=fr}}  * {{Cite web |date=24 October 2006 |title=Bridges of Zimbabwe |url=https://www.rhodesianstudycircle.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/176-2006-Bridges.pdf |website=Rhodesianstudycircle.org.uk |publisher=Philatelic Bureau Bulletin N°5 |access-date=15 June 2023 |archive-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202225315/https://www.rhodesianstudycircle.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/176-2006-Bridges.pdf |url-status=dead }} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * {{Cite web |title=Brücken in der Simbabwe |trans-title=Bridges in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.brueckenweb.de/2content/suchen/suchausgabe.php?suchbedingung=+land+LIKE++%27%25Simbabwe%25%27 |website=Brueckenweb.de |language=de |access-date=2023-06-15 |archive-date=2023-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401074254/https://www.brueckenweb.de/2content/suchen/suchausgabe.php?suchbedingung=+land+LIKE++%27%25Simbabwe%25%27 |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite web |last=Denenberg |first=David |title=Suspension Bridges of Zimbabwe |url=http://www.bridgemeister.com/list.php?type=country&country=Zimbabwe |website=Bridgemeister.com}} * {{Cite web |last=Sakowski |first=Eric |title=Category: Bridges in Zimbabwe |url=http://www.highestbridges.com/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Bridges_in_Zimbabwe |website=Highestbridges.com}} [[Ikiciro:Ubwikorezi]] [[Ikiciro:Zimbabwe]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere]] 01fv5d0tvimwljtn7cjet1x7830jt3l 0 17119 130742 112884 2026-04-22T11:57:39Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130742 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Amboy (California, USA), Hist. Route 66 -- 2012 -- 1.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda]] [[Dosiye:The Nairobi Skyline as viewed from Kijabe Road.jpeg|thumb|imihanda nyabagendwa muri nairobi]] Uru ni '''urutonde rw'imihanda nyabagendwa i Nairobi''', igamije gukumira umuvundo w'ibinyabiziga kure yumujyi rwagati, bityo bikagabanya akajagari mu mujyi no kugabanya ibibazo by'imodoka nyinshi zishaje. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Lang'at |first=Patrick |date=17 September 2018 |title=New road project to decongest Nairobi City |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Transport-ministry-plans-to-reduce-jams-in-Nairobi-/1056-4762894-946q3c/index.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> * Umuhanda wo mu Amajyaruguru ya Nairobi, uhuza Umuhanda wa Limuru n'umuhanda wa Thika <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Daily Nation News |date=8 February 2009 |title=Bypass construction starts without approval from environmental body |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/526376/-/u1wl58/-/index.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> * Umuhanda w'iburasirazuba bwa Nairobi, uhuza umuhanda wa Nairobi-Mombasa n'umuhanda wa Ruiru-Kiambu hafi ya gereza y’umutekano ntarengwa ya Kamiti. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Nairobi News Reporter |date=19 September 2017 |title=Eastern bypass set for dualling from December |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/eastern-bypass-set-dualling-december |access-date=5 March 2019 |publisher=[[Nation Media Group]] |archive-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920182454/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/eastern-bypass-set-dualling-december |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Umuhanda wo mu majyepfo ya Nairobi , utangirira ku masangano y'umuhanda wa Nairobi - Mombasa n'umuhanda wa Likoni, nko mu bilometero 10 mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'umujyi rwagati. Hanyuma igera i Gitaru, mu mujyi wa Kikuyu, mu Ntara ya Kiambu . <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Kibet |first=Lonah |date=23 May 2013 |title=Smooth ride for motorists ahead as Southern by-pass works begin |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000084239/n-a |access-date=5 March 2019 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> * Umuhanda w'Iburengerazuba bwa Nairobi, uhuza Gitaru, ku muhanda wo mu majyepfo na Ruaka ku muhanda wo mu majyaruguru. <ref name="1R"/> == Reba kandi == * Umuhanda wa Thika * [[Urutonde rw'imihanda muri Kenya]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042804/https://urbanplanning.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/cae/artsdesign/urbanplanning/Njoroge%20Joseph%20Kibunja%20Research%20Project.pdf Ibibazo by'imodoka I Nairobi: Ikizamini cy'umuhanda Uhuru] Gashyantare 2009. [[Ikiciro:Kenya]] [[Ikiciro:Ubwikorezi]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica]] jvubadkw5s7q89pjayikwwha6ih76ia 0 17749 130725 126981 2026-04-22T04:05:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130725 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Action Foundation (TAF)''' ni umuryango uyobowe n’abaturage wanditswe muri [[Kenya]] ukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ukumirwa, ivangura, n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana, abagore, n’abakobwa bafite ubumuga mu miryango itishoboye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theactionfoundationkenya.org/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-23 |archive-date=2023-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117070635/https://theactionfoundationkenya.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://absfoundation.org/grants/disability-inclusion/the-action-foundation/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://philanthropycircuit.org/features/the-action-foundation-creating-societal-impact-via-creative-empowerment-for-disabled-women-and-girls/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-23 |archive-date=2024-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123125905/https://philanthropycircuit.org/features/the-action-foundation-creating-societal-impact-via-creative-empowerment-for-disabled-women-and-girls/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Intego == Gukora kugirango ugere kure cyane kugutanga serivisi n'amahirwe mugukorana n'abarezi b'abafite ubumuga hamwe n'abaturage babakikije. Ibi bifasha ayo matsinda atishoboye kwiyubakira ubuzima bwiza, gukura imbaraga, no gutsimbataza impinduka zirambye.<ref>https://www.idealist.org/en/nonprofit/bce22742edc94a83b286f6ccf5db54d9-the-action-foundation-nairobi</ref><ref>https://www.segalfamilyfoundation.org/portfolio-items/actionfoundation/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.masanawaafrika.org/grantee/the-action-foundation |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-23 |archive-date=2024-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123125904/https://www.masanawaafrika.org/grantee/the-action-foundation |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inshingano == Ni ukubaka imiryango ihuriweho kandi ihamye aho abana, abagore, nabakobwa bafite ubumuga bashobora gutera imbere. Turatekereza [[Afurika]] yuzuye aho abana, abagore, nabakobwa bafite ubumuga bashobora kumenya ubushobozi bwabo. Mu myaka yashize, TAF yahinduye ibikorwa byayo ku bagenerwabikorwa binyuze mu bikorwa by’abaturage, guhanga udushya, no guhanga ibikorwa hamwe nitsinda rigamije.<ref>https://www.oneworldchildrensfund.org/updates/2020/7/1/the-action-foundation-kenya</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amplifygirls.org/media/the-action-foundation-communities-driving-change-for-the-inclusivity-for-children-with-disabilities |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-23 |archive-date=2024-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123125904/https://www.amplifygirls.org/media/the-action-foundation-communities-driving-change-for-the-inclusivity-for-children-with-disabilities |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == Action Foundation ikorera mu midugudu minini idasanzwe ya [[Nairobi]], umurwa mukuru wa [[Kenya]], ni ukuvuga Kibera, Mukuru, Mathare, na Kawangware, kandi ifatanya n'amashuri n'abaturage bo mu turere umunani twose muri Kenya.<ref>https://smartmile.eu/the-action-foundation/</ref><ref>https://www.educationaboveall.org/our-partners/action-foundation</ref> == Indanganturo == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Kenya]] [[Ikiciro:Isi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Africa knowledge initiative]] tk0dm916hymet15t3g1uq5e0hkxp5h4 0 17959 130698 120696 2026-04-21T16:45:22Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130698 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Oticon''' ni uruganda rukora [[Akuma gafasha umuntu kumva|ibyuma]] by'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva rufite icyicaro i Copenhagen, [[Danimarike]]. Iyo sosiyete ni ishami ry'itsinda Demant . Yashinzwe mu mwaka 1904 na Hans Demant, umugore we akaba yari afite ubumuga bwo kutumva . Iyo sosiyete ivuga ko ikora ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi mu gukora [[Akuma gafasha umuntu kumva|ibyuma bifasha abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva]], kandi ikoresha uburyo bwo kuyobora buzwi ku izina rya "spaghetti organisation" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oticon A/S: Spaghetti Organization and Beyond |url=http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Strategy/BSTR318.htm |access-date=12 September 2012 |publisher=IBS Center for Management Research |archive-date=24 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724141010/http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Strategy/BSTR318.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Case Study: Revolution at Oticon A/S: The Spaghetti Organization (Condensed) |url=http://hbr.org/product/revolution-at-oticon-a-s-the-spaghetti-organizatio/an/IMD083-PDF-ENG |access-date=10 September 2012 |publisher=Harvard Business Review}}</ref> bwatangijwe na Lars Kolind <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ewing, Jack |date=6 August 2007 |title=Denmark's Masters of E-Mail Marketing |url=http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2007-08-06/denmarks-masters-of-e-mail-marketingbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709221600/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2007-08-06/denmarks-masters-of-e-mail-marketingbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice |archive-date=9 July 2012 |access-date=12 September 2012 |publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek}}</ref>iyobowe hagati ya 1988 na 1998. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Think the Unthinkable (in Danish: Tænk det utænkelige!) |url=http://kolindkuren.dk/2008/07/23/t%C3%A6nk-det-ut%C3%A6nkelige/ |access-date=12 September 2012 |publisher=Kolind Kuren |archive-date=6 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206150048/http://kolindkuren.dk/2008/07/23/t%c3%a6nk-det-ut%c3%a6nkelige/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Oticon ifite amashami mu bihugu byinshi, harimo uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa muri [[Polonye]], rufite abakozi barenga 3.000 ku isi. <ref name="Oticon Employees">{{Cite web |title=Oticon Hearing Aids |url=https://www.apexhearing.co.uk/hearing-aids/ |access-date=6 May 2014 |publisher=Apex Hearing |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120043437/https://apexhearing.co.uk/hearing-aids/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Intra_aural_hearing_aid_Wellcome_L0065955.jpg|thumb| Imfashanyo y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva Oticon]] == Ubuvuzi bwa Oticon == Ubuvuzi bwa Oticon ni mushiki wa kampani ya Oticon, byombi bikaba ari amashami ya Demant Group. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oticon Medical – A company founded on care |url=https://earcommunity.org/oticon-medical-a-company-founded-on-care/658378/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=earcommunity.org}}</ref> Mu gihe Oticon kabuhariwe mu byuma by'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, Ubuvuzi bwa Oticon kabuhariwe byatangiye mu gutera no gusohora ibicuruzwa byabwo bwa mbere mu mwaka 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our history |url=https://www.demant.com/about/our-history |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.demant.com |language=en}}</ref> Iyo sosiyete ya Ponto yo gutwara amagufwa ubu iri mu gisekuru cyayo cya gatanu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oticon Medical bone-anchored hearing devices |url=https://www.healthyhearing.com/oticon-medical-hearing-implants |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=Healthy Hearing |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu mwaka 2013, Oticon Medical yaguze Neurelec, [[Ubufaransa|w'umufaransa]] gukora progaramu ya cochlear. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apr 2 |last2=Ear |first2=2013 {{!}} Behind the |last3=Implants |first3=Cochlear |last4=News {{!}} 0 {{!}} |first4=Industry |date=2013-04-02 |title=William Demant Acquires Neurelec, a French Manufacturer of Cochlear Implants |url=https://hearingreview.com/hearing-products/implants-bone-conduction/cochlear-implants/william-demant-acquires-neurelec-a-french-manufacturer-of-cochlear-implants |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=The Hearing Review |language=en-US}}</ref> Yifashishijwe mu ikoranabuhanga ryabonye, sosiyete yashyizeho uburyo bwayo bwa Neuro cochlear implant sisitemu, yemerwa na FDA mu mwaka 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-24 |title=FDA approves Oticon Medical's Neuro cochlear implant system |url=https://www.massdevice.com/fda-approves-oticon-medicals-neuro-cochlear-implant-system/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=MassDevice |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri Mata mu mwaka 2022, Demant yatangaje ko yemeye kugurisha Oticon Medical muri sosiyete yo mugihugu cya [[Ositaraliya]] Cochlear Limited kuri miliyoni DKK850 kandi ko azava mu bucuruzi bw’iburanisha kubitera ubumuga bwo kutumva. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogg |first=Matt |date=2022-04-27 |title=Cochlear to acquire loss-making Oticon Medical for $170 million |url=https://www.businessnewsaustralia.com/articles/cochlear-to-acquire-loss-making-oticon-medical-for--170-million.html |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=Business News Australia}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} qyv48wsf5z44zmlijz1tv1sq7tk0gwx 0 19221 130731 117398 2026-04-22T08:18:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130731 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uburobyi''', n'umwuga ukorwa n'abanyarwanda benshi baturiye ibice byiganjemo amazi y'ibiyaga. Mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] mu mirenge ya [[Umurenge wa Musha|Musha]], [[UMURENGE WA MUHAZI|Muhazi]] na [[Munyigina sector|Munyiginya]] ifite n’igice cy’amazi y’ikiyaga cya [[Muhazi lake|Muhazi]] nimwe mu mirenge ikorerwamo ubworozi n'uburobyi bw'amafi yororerwa muri kareremba, no muburyo busanzwe. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/rwamagana-amafi-yo-mu-kiyaga-cya-muhazi-asaga-toni-100-yapfuye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-23 |archive-date=2025-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224145057/https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/rwamagana-amafi-yo-mu-kiyaga-cya-muhazi-asaga-toni-100-yapfuye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imiterere == Mu kiyaga cya [[Muhazi lake|Muhazi]] hari igice cyororerwamo amafi mu buryo bwa kijyambere ku buryo bayakurikirana umunsi ku wundi, bamwe mu baturage bafite ibyanya mu kiyaga cya Muhazi ni Munyangeyo Themistocles na Roger Shaw. == Ibibazo == '''Munyangeyo Themistocles na Roger Shaw''' bavugako uyu mwuga uhomba iyo habayeho imihindagurikire y’amazi ngo ahanini igira ingaruka ku mafi manini (akuze) kurusha uko yakwibasira amafi mato, ninyuma yaho bahombye amafi agera kuri toni 100 yapfuye azize ihindagurika ry’amazi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/187638/News/fish-farmers-cry-foul-over-delayed-insurance-scheme</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/07/what-is-behind-dying-fish-in-lake-muhazi/</ref> == Ishakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburobyi]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] fv0u2v4l1pkcyt0g8w8bturfiamhbw0 0 19239 130739 117428 2026-04-22T11:21:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130739 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urubyiruko rwa Club Umuhuza''' ni urubyiruko rubarizwa muri Rwamagana, aho barwanya ruswa n’akarengane ni bimwe mu byibarwaho mu biganiro bihabwa urubyiruko biciye mu mikino n’imyidagaduro bikorwa bigiye bitandukanye hirya no hino na Club Umuhuza mu karere ka Rwamagana muri Intara y'uburasirazuba bwu Rwanda, aho niho ibi bikorwa bimaze gusakazwa mu gihugu hose.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-urubyiruko-rwa-club-umuhuza-rutoza-abandi-kurwanya-ruswa-nakarengane/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-23 |archive-date=2024-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517100626/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-urubyiruko-rwa-club-umuhuza-rutoza-abandi-kurwanya-ruswa-nakarengane/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umuhuza == Club Umuhuza ifite imyaka 10 imaze yigisha urubyiruko n’abakuze kugira uruhare mu kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane, bimwe mu bikorwa n’iyi Club harimo ibiganiro bitandukanye, imikino n’imyidagaduro ifite ubutumwa bwo kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane, mu myidagaduro ubutumwa butangwa mu mivugo, ikinamico ndetse n’imbyino gakondo zifite ubutumwa bwihariye bwo kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] ocjc1t1sg9pn70tjxmd2p0edzryzy93 0 19257 130736 117479 2026-04-22T10:00:34Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130736 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umukozi w'indashyikirwa muri Bugesera''' Bugesera ni umukozi w'uhiga abandi mugukora neza cyangwa se mu kwesa imigiho muri [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]] kose, mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'uburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]], aho hari abakozi abakozi batatu babaye indashyikirwa mu Karere ndetse sibyo gusa kuko aho hose barimo uwahembwe ibihumbi 400 by'amafaranga yu Rwanda .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-menya-abakozi-batatu-babaye-indashyikirwa-mu-karere-barimo-uwahembwe-ibihumbi-400-frw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-26 |archive-date=2024-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611134121/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-menya-abakozi-batatu-babaye-indashyikirwa-mu-karere-barimo-uwahembwe-ibihumbi-400-frw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uwahebwe == Umukozi w'indashyikirwa muri Bugesera yabaye umukozi w'[[umugore]] witwa Irankunda Marie Goreth akaba ari umugore ufite mu shingano ushimwe Irangamimerere na Notariya mu Murenge wa Mayange, yahawe igihembwo cy’umukozi wahize abandi mu Karere ka Bugesera mu mwaka wa 2023-2024, ndetse sibyo gusa kuko yahawe ndetse n' icyemezo cy’ishimwe cy’umukozi .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] 9vw7qa4esglkpxnamenpjlbpbxobf23 0 19278 130738 117515 2026-04-22T10:34:58Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130738 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umushinga Baho Neza mu Bugesera''' watangijwe ku ya 06 kamena 2022 umushinga ushingiye ku buzima bwo mu mutwe ukaba ushingiye ku muryango Imbuto Foundation watangije ibikorwa byo kwegera abaturage mu kubaha serivisi z’ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe hifashishijwe ivuriro ryimukanwa .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-umushinga-baho-neza-wegereje-abaturage-serivisi-zubuzima-bwo-mu-mutwe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-28 |archive-date=2022-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608131012/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-umushinga-baho-neza-wegereje-abaturage-serivisi-zubuzima-bwo-mu-mutwe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umushinga == Umushinga wa Baho Neza mu bugesera ukorera mu mudugudu w’Icyitegererezo mu kagari ka ,wo mu Murenge wa Rweru mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]] uhakorera kuva kuya 0 kamena 2022, RBC bwerekanye ko indwara zo mu mutwe ari nyinshi ariko mu Rwanda iziganje ari agahinda gakabije kihariye 11.9%, iy’umuhangayiko yihariye 8.6%. <ref name=":0" /> == AMashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] o7me8slmd7tb4x3oylgwdxtmv1utqtf 0 19812 130699 127470 2026-04-21T17:46:24Z Baraka official 17008 Guhindura imyandikire 130699 wikitext text/x-wiki urukundo ni amarangamutima umuntu agirira undi mugihe baba bahuye cyangwa se basanzwe baziranye.akenshi abantu bakunze kwita urukundo ko ibyiyumviro by'umutima cyane cyane hagati y'umukobwa [[Umuhungutu|n'umuhungu.]]<ref>akamaro k'urukundo</ref> '''HARI''' '''ZIMWE''' '''MUNKUNDO''' '''ZITANDUKANYE''' '''ZIBA''' '''HAGATI''' '''Y'ABANTU''' 1,'''urukundo''' '''ruganisha''' '''mukubana''' '''kw'abantu''';uru nur'ukundo ruba hagati y'umukobwa n'umuhungu rukaba rukunda kuganisha kumubano iyo hatagize ikibazo kizamo hagati,uru akaba ari rwo rukundo rugezweho cyane cyane mur'ubyiruko 2,'''urukundo''' '''mu''' '''bavandimwe''';uru narwo n'urukundo ruba hagati y'abavandimwe cyangwa se bamwe mubo mu muryango .akenshi uru rukundo rugaragara iyo mwumvikana mu m'uryango kandi mukunda kuganira cyane cyane n'ababyeyi banyu 3,'''urukundo''' '''rw'inshuti''';uru narwo [[Urukundo n'ubugambanyi(love and betray)|n'urukundo]] ruba hagati yabantu akenshi bahura bataziranye ubundi bakumva barishimiranye .abantu bakunda kuvugako akenshi muba muhuje amaraso gusa ntago ari uko muba muhuje amaraso gusa nuko muba muhuza mubintu byose. '''IBYATUMA URUKUNDO RWANYU RUKOMERA''' '''hari ibintu byinshi wakora bigatuma urukundo rukomera bimwe muribyo hari ibi bikurikira;''' 1,kuganira 2,kwita kubo mukundana [[Dosiye:LOVE Liebe.JPG|thumb|urukundo]] 3,kumva ibibazo by'uwo mukundana, ndetse nibindi byinshi. 8jqn9pngdsx7cho1mg183z8mbhqafj1 0 20253 130717 123317 2026-04-21T21:51:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Parike ya Kakum,''' iherereye mu nkengero z’akarere ko hageti <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=24 February 2016 |title=Central Region |url=https://touringghana.com/central-region/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320175619/https://touringghana.com/central-region/ |archive-date=20 March 2022 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=touringghana.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Central Region |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tourism/CentralRegion.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203020435/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tourism/CentralRegion.php |archive-date=3 February 2022 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park (Official GANP Park Page) |url=https://national-parks.org/ghana/kakum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926165847/https://national-parks.org/ghana/kakum |archive-date=26 September 2023 |access-date=29 July 2023 |website=national-parks.org |language=en}}</ref> Muri [[Gana]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2023 |title=GTA's Experience Ghana, Share Ghana Campaign To Promote Domestic Tourism Visits Central & Western Regions - Ghana.Travel |url=https://ghana.travel/gtas-experience-ghana-share-ghana-campaign-to-promote-domestic-tourism-visits-central-western-regions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618060044/https://ghana.travel/gtas-experience-ghana-share-ghana-campaign-to-promote-domestic-tourism-visits-central-western-regions/ |archive-date=18 June 2024 |access-date=11 July 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> ifite ubuso bwa {{Convert|375|km2}} .Yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1931 nk'ikigega, yashyizwe mu kinyamakuru nka parike y'igihugu gusa mu 1992 nyuma y'ubushakashatsi bwa mbere kuri [[Inyoni|avifauna]] . Agace karimo amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha . [ <ref name="Parks">{{Cite web |title=Parks and reserves of Ghana: Management Effectiveness Assessment of Protected Areas |url=http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-073.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107201234/http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-073.pdf |archive-date=7 January 2014 |access-date=12 April 2013 |publisher=IUCN}}</ref> <ref name="Unesco">{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park (Assin Attandanso Reserve) (#) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1396/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802093422/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1396/ |archive-date=2 August 2012 |access-date=11 April 2013 |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Ni hamwe mu hantu 3 gusa muri [[Afurika]] hamwe n'inzira nyabagerwa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakum Canopy Walk |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kakum-canopy-walk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711113259/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kakum-canopy-walk |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> ifite {{Convert|350|m}} <ref name="Unesco" /> <ref name="Life">{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park - Assin Attandaso Resource Reserve |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6324 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101020828/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6324 |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=11 April 2013 |publisher=Bird Life}}</ref> == Amateka ya pariki ya kakum == Mu 1931, agace kavomwe n’amazi y’amazi y'umugenzi wa kakum yatangajwe ko ari amashyamba kandi acungwa n’ishami ry’amashyamba. Muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20250914020549/https://www.cometowestafrica.com/destinations/travel-news-and-events/kakum-national-park-ghana-2] gihe, ibikorwa byo gutema ibiti byari byiganje, cyane cyane mu bwoko bw’ibiti bya mahogany <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahogany {{!}} wood |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/mahogany-wood |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629151308/https://www.britannica.com/topic/mahogany-wood |archive-date=29 June 2019 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref>. Ibikorwa byo gutema ibiti byakomeje kugeza mu 1989 igihe ubuyobozi bw’ikigega bwimurirwa mu ishami ry’ibinyabuzima. <ref name="NGO">{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park |url=http://www.microsfere.org/en/kakum-national-park/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107214241/http://www.microsfere.org/en/kakum-national-park/index.htm |archive-date=7 January 2014 |access-date=11 April 2013 |publisher=Microsfere}}</ref> Inyigo ishoboka na gahunda ibanza yimyaka 5 yo gucunga iterambere rya parike yigihugu ya Kakum nkahantu nyaburanga hashyizweho mu mwaka mu 1990 hashyizweho umushinga wakozwe na gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere (Dudley 1990). Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwarimo isuzuma ry’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye by’ibimera n’ibinyabuzima byo mu ishyamba rya Kakum hamwe n’ishyamba rya Assin-Attandanso, hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bw’abaturage ndetse n'inzovu (Dudley 1990; Dudley, Mensah-Ntiamoah, & Kpelle 1992; Dudley 1995). Gahunda yo Kwiga no Kubanziriza Imyaka 5 Yateguwe yateguwe muburyo bwo gufatanya no gutanga inama zirimo umujyanama w’ibinyabuzima, abashinzwe amashyamba, abashinzwe inyamanswa, abaturage baho, kaminuza zo muri Gana, abayobozi ba leta mu karere, n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye (Dudley 1992). == Amashakiro == m34a36clzu0yw44rtpj46i1thl0b4ab 0 20362 130721 124658 2026-04-22T01:52:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130721 wikitext text/x-wiki Shampiyona y'isi y'amagare mu mihanda 2025 '''Amarushanwa y'isi y'amagare mu Muhanda 2025''', ateguwe ku ncuro ya 92 azabera kuva 21 kugeza ku ya 28 nzeri 2025 i [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]] . Muri nyakanga 2018, Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’amagare (UCI) wagaragaje ubushake bwo guha ku ncuro ya mbere ishyirahamwe ryo muri Afurika uburenganzira bwo gutegura aya marushanwa . Muri Gashyantare 2019, ishyirahamwe ry'u Rwanda ry'amagare ritangaza ko rishaka gusaba hakoreshejwe [[umurwa]] mukuru [[Kigali|wa Kigali]] . Umujyi wa Tangier muri [[Maroke|Maroc]] nawo wari umukandida . Kuri 23 nzeri 2021, amarushanwa yeguriwe ku mugaragaro kuzabera mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 septembre 2021 |title=Le Mondial ira au Rwanda |url=https://www.directvelo.com/actualite/77698/le-mondial-ira-au-rwanda |access-date=23 septembre 2021 |website=directvelo.com |archive-date=2024-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923181602/https://www.directvelo.com/actualite/77698/le-mondial-ira-au-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Iki gihugu cyateguye [[Tour du Rwanda|kuzenguruka u Rwanda]] (Tour du Rwanda) buri mwaka guhera mu 2001, hamwe na [[La Tropicale Amissa Bongo|Tropicale Amissa Bongo]] muri [[Gabon]], ni ryo siganwa rikomeye ry’icyiciro cya UCI Africa Tour . Ishirahamwe Amaury Sport Organisation, ritegura Tour de France na Golazo, uwateguye isiganwa ry’amagare mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]], bashinzwe gufasha gutegura ayo marushanwa bafatanyije n' ishyirahamwe ry'amagare ryo mu Rwanda , . Kuri aya marushanwa, Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’amagare wafashe icyemezo cyo kongeramo ibintu bibiri bishya ku ''bagore bari munsi y’imyaka 23.'' : isiganwa k'umurongo n'isiganwa ku muntu ku giti cye habarwa igihe umuntu yakoresheje. Mugihe ibihembo byari bisanzwe bitangwa guhera muri 2022, ku nshuro ya mbere abakinnyi bazagira amarushanwa atandukanywe n'ayo abo ku rwego rwo hejuru . Hazabaho amarushanwa y'abagore n'ay'abagabo. == Aho isiganwa rizanyura == [[Dosiye:An_aerial_of_Kigali_Convention_Center_on_June_19,_2019._Photo_by_Emmanuel_Kwizera.jpg|thumb|[[Kigali Convention Centre|Ikigo cya Kigali]] .]] [[Dosiye:Cycling_World_Championships_2025_circuits_and_routes.png|thumb|Ikarita yigihe cyihariye cyo kugerageza ninzira.]] Aho amasiganwa azanyura hatangajwe mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’imihanda 2024 yabereye i Zurich kandi afatwa nk'imwe mu masiganwa azanyura ahantu hatoroshye mu mateka ya shampiyona y' isi . . Irushanwa ryo kumuhanda ritangirira kandi rirangirira [[Kigali convention centre|ahitwa Kigali]] convention centre. Ahanini bibera ku muzenguruko wa kilometero zigera kuri kilometero 15, hakazungurukwa inshuro nyinshi bitewe n'icyiciro. Mu isiganwa ry’intyoza mu bagabo, incuro ya 10 yongerewe kugera kuri kilometero 42 kugirango ishyiremo umusozi wa Kigali (km 5.9 kugeza 6.9 %). Kuri uyu muzingo, tunyura kandi ku rukuta rwa Kigali (m 400 kuri 11 % ku muhanda w'amabuye) yakoreshejwe muri tour du Rwanda. Umuhanda w'amabuye ku Kimihurura (umuhanda wa kilometero 1,3 z'uburebure ufite impuzandengo ariko wagabanijwe kuburyo budasanzwe bwa 6.3 %), iherereye mbere gato yo kurangiza, igomba kugira uruhare runini mu kuzasoza no gutsinda. Gusiganwa by'umuntu ku giti cye bizatangirira kuri [[Kigali BK Arena|BK Arena]] bikarangirira kuri Convention Center. Inzira ikubiyemo igice cy'umuhanda w'igihugu wa 5, uzanyurwamo mu kugenda no kugaruka mu ntera zitandukanye hakurikijwe ibyiciro. Mbere gato yo kurangiza, Umusozi wa Kimihurura wongera kwambukwa. Abasiganwa ari mixte bizabera munzira isa, ariko yateguwe nk'umuzunguruko hamwe no gutangira no kurangirira kuri Palais des Congrès , . == Gahunda == * ''Igihe cyaho - UTC + 02: 00'' {| class="wikitable sortable center" style="text-align: center;font-size:95%" !Date ! colspan="2" |Horaires !Événement !Ville départ !Ville arrivée !Distance !Dénivelé !Tours |- | colspan="7" align="center" |'''Contre-la-montre individuel''' |- | align="right" |21 septembre |10 h 10 |12 h 55 |Élite femmes | rowspan="6" |[[Kigali]] | rowspan="6" |[[Kigali]] | align="right" |31,2 km | align="right" |460 m | rowspan="6" bgcolor="efefef" | |- | align="right" |21 septembre |13 h 45 |16 h 50 |[[Contre-la-montre masculin aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Élite hommes]] | align="right" |40,6 km | align="right" |680 m |- | align="right" |22 septembre |10 h 35 |12 h 45 |[[Contre-la-montre féminin des moins de 23 ans aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Moins de 23 ans femmes]] | align="right" |18,3 km | align="right" |225 m |- | align="right" |22 septembre |13 h 35 |16 h 30 |[[Contre-la-montre masculin des moins de 23 ans aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Moins de 23 ans hommes]] | align="right" |31,2 km | align="right" |460 m |- | align="right" |23 septembre |10 h 45 |12 h 45 |[[Contre-la-montre féminin des juniors aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Junior femmes]] | align="right" |22,6 km | align="right" |350 m |- | align="right" |23 septembre |14 h 00 |16 h 30 |[[Contre-la-montre masculin des juniors aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Junior hommes]] | align="right" |22,6 km | align="right" |350 m |- | colspan="7" align="center" |'''Contre-la-montre par équipes relais mixte''' |- | align="right" |24 septembre |12 h 30 |17 h 00 |[[Contre-la-montre par équipes en relais mixte aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Relais mixte]] |[[Kigali]] |[[Kigali]] | align="right" |42,4 km | align="right" |740 m |2 |- | colspan="7" align="center" |'''Course en ligne''' |- | align="right" |25 septembre |13 h 05 |16 h 30 |[[Course en ligne féminine des moins de 23 ans aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Moins de 23 ans femmes]] | rowspan="6" |[[Kigali]] | rowspan="6" |[[Kigali]] | align="right" |119,3 km | align="right" |2 435 m |8 |- | align="right" |26 septembre |08 h 00 |11 h 15 |[[Course en ligne masculine des juniors aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Junior hommes]] | align="right" |119,3 km | align="right" |2 435 m |8 |- | align="right" |26 septembre |12 h 00 |16 h 25 |[[Course en ligne masculine des moins de 23 ans aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Moins de 23 ans hommes]] | align="right" |164,6 km | align="right" |3 350 m |11 |- | align="right" |27 septembre |08 h 20 |10 h 40 |[[Course en ligne féminine des juniors aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Junior femmes]] | align="right" |74 km | align="right" |1 520 m |5 |- | align="right" |27 septembre |12 h 05 |16 h 45 |[[Course en ligne féminine aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Élite femmes]] | align="right" |164,6 km | align="right" |3 350 m |11 |- | align="right" |28 septembre |09 h 45 |16 h 45 |Élite hommes | align="right" |267,5 km | align="right" |5 475 m |15+1*[α] |} {{Reflist|group=grec}} == Podium == === Amasiganwa y'abagabo === {| {{MedalistTable|type=Event|columns=2}} |- style="background:#ccc;" | colspan=7 | '''Men's Events''' |- |{{nowrap|[[UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race|Men's road race]]<br>{{DetailsLink|2025 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race}} | {{Flag medalist|[[Tadej Pogačar]]|SLO}} | 6h 21' 20" | {{Flag medalist|[[Remco Evenepoel]]|BEL}} | + 1' 28" | {{Flag medalist|[[Ben Healy (cyclist)|Ben Healy]]|IRL}} | + 2' 16" |- |{{nowrap|[[UCI Road World Championships – Men's time trial|Men's time trial]]<br>{{DetailsLink|2025 UCI Road World Championships – Men's time trial}} | {{Flag medalist|[[Remco Evenepoel]]|BEL}} | 49'{{nnbsp}}06.03" | {{Flag medalist|[[Jay Vine]]|Australia}} | +{{nnbsp}}1'14.80 | {{Flag medalist|[[Ilan Van Wilder]]|BEL}} | +{{nnbsp}}2'06.07" |- style="background:#ccc;" | colspan=7 | '''Women's Events''' |- |{{nowrap|[[UCI Road World Championships – Women's road race|Women's road race]]<br>{{DetailsLink|2025 UCI Road World Championships – Women's road race}} | {{Flag medalist|[[Magdeleine Vallieres]]|CAN}} | 4h 34' 48" | {{Flag medalist|[[Niamh Fisher-Black]]|NZL}} | + 23" | {{Flag medalist|[[Mavi García]]|ESP}} | + 27" |- |{{nowrap|[[UCI Road World Championships – Women's time trial|Women's time trial]]<br>{{DetailsLink|2025 UCI Road World Championships – Women's time trial}} | {{Flag medalist|[[Marlen Reusser]]|SUI}} | 43'{{nnbsp}}09.34" | {{Flag medalist|[[Anna van der Breggen]]|NED}} | +{{nnbsp}}51.89" | {{Flag medalist|[[Demi Vollering]]|NED}} | +{{nnbsp}}1'{{nnbsp}}04.73" |- style="background:#ccc;" | colspan=7 | '''Mixed Event''' |- | {{nowrap|[[UCI Road World Championships – Mixed team relay|Mixed relay]]}}<br>{{DetailsLink|2025 UCI Road World Championships – Mixed team relay}} | {{Flagcountry|AUS}}<br>[[Michael Matthews (cyclist)|Michael Matthews]]<br>[[Lucas Plapp]]<br>[[Jay Vine]]<br>[[Brodie Chapman]]<br>[[Amanda Spratt]]<br>[[Felicity Wilson-Haffenden]] | 54'{{nnbsp}}30.47" | {{Flagcountry|FRA}}<br>[[Bruno Armirail]]<br>[[Paul Seixas]]<br>[[Pavel Sivakov]]<br>[[Cédrine Kerbaol]]<br>[[Juliette Labous]]<br>[[Maeva Squiban]] | +{{nnbsp}}5.24" | {{Flagcountry|SUI}}<br>[[Jan Christen]]<br>[[Stefan Küng]]<br>[[Mauro Schmid]]<br>[[Jasmin Lie{| {{Listemédaillés|type=Épreuves|colonnes=3}} |-bgcolor="#cccccc" | colspan=10 | '''Élites''' |- ! scope=row style="text-align:left"| {{nobr|[[Championnat du monde masculin de cyclisme sur route|Course en ligne]]}}<br /><small>[[Course en ligne masculine aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Résultats détaillés]]</small> | '''{{SLO-d}} [[Tadej Pogačar]]''' || '''en''' || align="right"| '''{{heure|6|21|20}}''' | {{BEL-d}} [[Remco Evenepoel]] || + || align="right"| {{heure||1|28}} | {{IRL-d}} [[Ben Healy (cyclisme)|Ben Healy]] || + || align="right"| {{heure||2|16}} |- ! scope=row style="text-align:left" | {{nobr|[[Championnat du monde masculin de cyclisme contre-la-montre|Contre-la-montre]]}}<br /><small>[[Contre-la-montre masculin aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Résultats détaillés]]</small> | '''{{BEL-d}} [[Remco Evenepoel]]''' || '''en''' || align="right"| '''{{heure||49|46}}''' | {{AUS-d}} [[Jay Vine]] || + || align="right"| {{heure||1|15}} | {{BEL-d}} [[Ilan Van Wilder]] || + || align="right"| {{heure||2|36}} |-bgcolor="#cccccc" | colspan=10 | '''Moins de 23 ans''' |- ! scope=row style="text-align:left"| {{nobr|[[Championnat du monde masculin de cyclisme sur route des moins de 23 ans|Course en ligne]]}}<br /><small>[[Course en ligne masculine des moins de 23 ans aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Résultats détaillés]]</small> | '''{{ITA-d}} [[Lorenzo Finn]]''' || '''en''' || align="right"| '''{{heure|3|57|27}}''' | {{SUI-d}} [[Jan Huber]] || + || align="right"| {{heure|||31}} | {{AUT-d}} [[Marco Schrettl]] || + || align="right"| {{heure||1|13}} |- ! scope=row style="text-align:left"| {{nobr|[[Championnat du monde masculin de cyclisme contre-la-montre des moins de 23 ans|Contre-la-montre]]}}<br /><small>[[Contre-la-montre masculin des moins de 23 ans aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Résultats détaillés]]</small> | '''{{SWE-d}} [[Jakob Söderqvist]]''' || '''en''' || align="right"| '''{{heure||38|24}}''' | {{NZL-d}} [[Nate Pringle]] || + || align="right"| {{heure||1|3}} | {{FRA-d}} [[Maxime Decomble]] || + || align="right"| {{heure||1|4}} |-bgcolor="#cccccc" | colspan=10 | '''Juniors''' |- ! scope=row style="text-align:left"| {{nobr|[[Championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route juniors|Course en ligne]]}}<br /><small>[[Course en ligne masculine des juniors aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Résultats détaillés]]</small> | '''{{GBR-d}} [[Harry Hudson]]''' || '''en''' || align="right"| '''{{heure|2|55|19}}''' | {{FRA-d}} [[Johan Blanc]] || + || align="right"| {{heure|||16}} | {{POL-d}} [[Jan Michal Jackowiak]] || + || align="right"| {{heure|||16}} |- ! scope=row style="text-align:left" | {{nobr|[[Championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route juniors|Contre-la-montre]]}}<br /><small>[[Contre-la-montre masculin des juniors aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Résultats détaillés]]</small> | '''{{NED-d}} [[Michiel Mouris]]''' || '''en''' || align="right"| '''{{heure||29|7}}''' | {{USA-d}} [[Ashlin Barry]] || + || align="right"| {{heure|||7}} | {{BEL-d}} [[Seff Van Kerckhove]] || + || align="right"| {{heure|||9}} |} chti]]<br>[[Marlen Reusser]]<br>[[Noemi Rüegg]] | +{{nnbsp}}10.00" |} === Amasiganwa y'abagore === {| {{Listemédaillés|type=Épreuves|colonnes=3}} |-bgcolor="#cccccc" | colspan=10 | '''Élites''' |- ! scope=row style="text-align:left"| {{nobr|[[Championnat du monde féminin de cyclisme sur route|Course en ligne]]}}<br /><small>[[Course en ligne féminine aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Résultats détaillés]]</small> | '''{{-d}} ''' || '''en''' || align="right"| ''' ''' | {{-d}} || + || align="right"| | {{-d}} || + || align="right"| |- ! scope=row style="text-align:left"| {{nobr|[[Championnat du monde féminin de cyclisme contre-la-montre|Contre-la-montre]]}}<br /><small>[[Contre-la-montre féminin aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Résultats détaillés]]</small> | '''{{-d}} ''' || '''en''' || align="right"| ''' ''' | {{-d}} || + || align="right"| | {{-d}} || + || align="right"| |-bgcolor="#cccccc" | colspan=10 | '''Moins de 23 ans''' |- ! scope=row style="text-align:left"| {{nobr|[[Championnat du monde féminin de cyclisme sur route des moins de 23 ans|Course en ligne]]}}<br /><small>[[Course en ligne féminine des moins de 23 ans aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Résultats détaillés]]</small> | '''{{-d}} ''' || '''en''' || align="right"| ''' ''' | {{-d}} || + || align="right"| | {{-d}} || + || align="right"| |- ! scope=row style="text-align:left"| {{nobr|[[Championnat du monde féminin de cyclisme contre-la-montre des moins de 23 ans|Contre-la-montre]]}}<br /><small>[[Contre-la-montre féminin des moins de 23 ans aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Résultats détaillés]]</small> | '''{{-d}} ''' || '''en''' || align="right"| ''' ''' | {{-d}} || + || align="right"| | {{-d}} || + || align="right"| |-bgcolor="#cccccc" | colspan=10 | '''Juniors''' |- ! scope=row style="text-align:left"| {{nobr|[[Championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route juniors|Course en ligne]]}}<br /><small>[[Course en ligne féminine des juniors aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Résultats détaillés]]</small> | '''{{-d}} ''' || '''en''' || align="right"| ''' ''' | {{-d}} || + || align="right"| | {{-d}} || + || align="right"| |- ! scope=row style="text-align:left"| {{nobr|[[Championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route juniors|Contre-la-montre]]}}<br /><small>[[Contre-la-montre féminin des juniors aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Résultats détaillés]]</small> | '''{{-d}} ''' || '''en''' || align="right"| ''' ''' | {{-d}} || + || align="right"| | {{-d}} || + || align="right"| |} === Amasiganwa avanze === {| {{Listemédaillés|type=Épreuves|colonnes=2}} |- ! scope=row style="text-align:left"| {{nobr|[[Championnat du monde du contre-la-montre par équipes en relais mixte|Contre-la-montre par équipes<br />en relais mixte]]}}<br /><small>[[Contre-la-montre par équipes en relais mixte aux championnats du monde de cyclisme sur route 2025|Résultats détaillés]]</small> | '''{{équipe|{{NC}}||||||}}''' | '''en ''' | {{équipe|{{NC}}||||||}} | + | {{équipe|{{NC}}||||||}} | + |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * (fr + en) [https://fr.uci.org/competition-hub/championnats-du-monde-route-uci-2025/7mnrx8NLAbor8iWnlpCuwe Site de l'UCI] * (fr + en) Site officiel [[Ikiciro:Shampiyona y'isi y'amagare 2025]] [[Ikiciro:Irushanwa ry'amagare]] ihirkztwp44avhsweg0714l3zywda2t 0 20798 130728 126771 2026-04-22T07:35:44Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130728 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Zochil_Restaurant_and_Pub_-_Wheelchair_Ramp.jpg|thumb|Inzira y’abakoresha intebe z’imikandara i Darkhan, Darkhan-Uul]] [[Dosiye:Chinggis_Avenue.jpg|thumb|Gutunganya neza kuri Chinggis Avenue muri Ulaanbaatar]] [[Dosiye:State_Department_Store_-_Disabled_Parking.jpg|thumb|Parikingi y'abamugaye muri Ulaanbaatar]] '''Ubumuga muri Mongoliya''' bivuga ababana [[Ubumuga|n'ubumuga]] muri [[Mongoliya]] . == Amateka == Itegeko rya Mongoliya ryerekeye uburenganzira bwa muntu bw’abafite ubumuga ryashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2016 na Leta nkuru ya Khural . Gahunda y'igihugu ishinzwe uburenganzira, uruhare no kurengera ababana n'ubumuga yemejwe na guverinoma mu mwaka wa 2017 ishyirwa mu bikorwa nyuma. <ref name="Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, 2017">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Disability in Mongolia 2017: Facts and Figures |url=https://www.mlsp.gov.mn/uploads/news/files/2127ecb08d24cbce33fb2c4f8bf3511d37c17940.pdf |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=Ministry of Labor and Social Protection |archive-date=2 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802015401/https://www.mlsp.gov.mn/uploads/news/files/2127ecb08d24cbce33fb2c4f8bf3511d37c17940.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Isuzuma ryakozwe n’umuryango [[WHO|w’ubuzima ku isi]] mu mwaka wa 2018 ryerekanye ko, kimwe n’ibihugu byinshi bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ababana n'ubumuga bafite ikibazo cyo gukoresha uburenganzira bwa politiki ndetse n’abaturage, ndetse no kubona uburezi n’akazi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khan |first=F |last2=Amatya |first2=B |last3=Avirmed |first3=B |last4=Yi |first4=Y |last5=Shirmen |first5=B |last6=Abbott |first6=G |last7=Galea |first7=M |date=2018 |title=World Health Organization Global Disability Action Plan: The Mongolian Perspective |url=https://medicaljournalssweden.se/jrm/article/view/12528 |journal=Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine |language=en |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=388–366 |doi=10.2340/16501977-2207 |issn=1650-1977 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Imibare == [[Dosiye:Kharakhorum_Museum_-_Braille_Description.jpg|thumb|Ibisobanuro muri braille ya Kharakhorum Museum in Kharkhorin]] Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2024, muri Mongoliya hari abantu 115,000 bafite ubumuga butandukanye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2023 |title=Prime Minister L. Oyun-Erdene Attends the Inauguration of the Center for the Development of People with Disabilities in Darkhan-Uul Province |url=https://cabinet.gov.mn/en/9542.html |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=Cabinet Secretariat of Government of Mongolia |archive-date=19 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419043750/https://cabinet.gov.mn/en/9542.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ubwoko bw’abafite ubumuga mu gihugu ni ubumuga bwo kugenda (19.9%), ubumuga bwo mu mutwe (19.0%), ubumuga bwo kutabona (10,6%), kutumva neza (8.2%), kutavuga ururimi (4.0%), guhuriza hamwe (7.5%) n’abandi (30.4%). <ref name="Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, 2017"/> Abagera kuri 11% muri bo ni abana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Xinhua |date=31 January 2019 |title=Mongolian disabled children to enjoy China-aided health services: minister |url=https://www.riglobal.org/mongolian-disabled-children-to-enjoy-china-aided-health-services-minister/ |access-date=27 November 2023 |website=Rehabilitation International}}</ref> === Mu karere === Muri 2019 mu Ntara ya Govisümber, hari abantu 742 bafite ubumuga, bangana na 4% by'intara. Mu Ntara ya Dornogovi, hari abantu 2,642 bafite ubumuga, bangana na 3.7% by'intara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=ATKINS |date=June 2021 |title=Mongolia: Choir-Sainshand Transmission Line |url=https://energy.gov.mn/uploads/files/Choir-Sainshand%20TL_ESIA%20Rpt%20V6_0%20(24062021).pdf |access-date=13 March 2025 |website=Ministry of Energy Mongolia |archive-date=30 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430072313/http://www.energy.gov.mn/uploads/files/Choir-Sainshand%20TL_ESIA%20Rpt%20V6_0%20(24062021).pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uburezi == [[Dosiye:Speaking_and_Listening_Library.jpg|thumb|Kuvuga no Gutegera Isomero rya Kaminuza Nkuru ya Mongoliya Isomero]] Mu mwaka wa 2023, kaminuza nkuru ya Mongoliya yatangije isomero rifite ibitabo bifata amajwi ku banyeshuri bafite ubumuga. Isomero ryagenewe gusa abo bantu. <ref>{{Cite news |last=L |first=Batbayar |date=20 October 2023 |title=NUM Launches Audiobook Library for Students with Disabilities |url=https://montsame.mn/en/read/329550 |access-date=23 October 2023 |work=Mongolian National News Agency}}</ref> == Ibigo by'abafite ubumuga == [[Dosiye:Center_for_the_Development_of_People_with_Disabilities.jpg|thumb|Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ryabafite ubumuga muri Darkhan, Darkhan-Uul]] * Ikigo cyiterambere cyabana bafite ubumuga, Ulaanbaatar * Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ryabafite ubumuga, Darkhan == Reba kandi == * Mongoliya muri Paralympique == Reba == {{Reflist}}{{Disability by country}} hefrj2dxc5hd58x83k8q2l33zvn50vm 0 21895 130723 129511 2026-04-22T02:24:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130723 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:El-Sayed_Nosseir_(1928).jpg|thumb|345x345px|Umunyemisiri El-Sayed Nosseir, watsindiye umudari wa zahabu mu cyiciro cy’abaremereye mu mikino Olempike yo mu mpeshyi yabereye i Amsterdam mu 1928. Ni we munyafurika wa mbere wegukanye umudari wa zahabu mu mateka y’imikino Olempike . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-13 |title=IWF120y/3 – 1928: Egypt initiates successful tradition |url=https://iwf.sport/2025/02/13/iwf120y-3-1928-egypt-initiates-successful-tradition/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=International Weightlifting Federation |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoh |first=Anchi |date=2016-08-04 |title=African Trail Blazers in the Past Summer Olympics {{!}} 4 Corners of the World |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/international-collections/2016/08/african-trail-blazers-in-the-past-summer-olympics |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Library of Congress}}</ref>]] '''Siporo mur'Afurika''' irateguwe, imikinomyinshi ifite shampiyona z’umwuga. [[Umupira w’amaguru]] (uzwi kandi kwizina rya ruhago) niwomukino ukunzwe cyane mu bihugu hafi ya byose [[Afurika|bya Afurika]] . Ibihugu bimwe bya Afurika, nka [[Kenya]] na [[Etiyopiya]], byiganje cyane mukwiruka intera ndende, mu gihe ibihugu bya Afurika y’Amajyaruguru nka [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]], [[Misiri]], [[Maroke|Maroc]] na [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] byiganje mu [[Umupira w’intoke|mukino wa handball]] . <ref>{{Cite book |date=2020 |title=Sports in Africa, Past and Present |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv224tvfw |publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=978-0-8214-2451-3 |edition=1}}</ref> Rugby na [[Umupira w’agakoni|golf]] bikunzwe cyane mu [[Afurika|bihugu bike bya Afurika]], nubwo rugby ikunzwe cyane mur'Afurika y’Epfo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=South African sport still divided by race &#124; World news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/21/southafrica-sport-divided-race |access-date=2015-03-31 |publisher=Theguardian.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-19 |title=History of African Games |url=https://sportscouncil.au.int/index.php/en/history-african-games |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=African Union Sports Council |language=en}}</ref> [[Urutonde rw'imikino gakondo muri Afurika|Siporo gakondo]] yasuzugurwaga cyane mugihe cy'ubukoloni, kandimyinshi irimogupfa cyangwa yarazimye kubera igitutu cyo kuvugurura, ariko nyinshi ziracyakunzwe nubwonta burenganzira cyangwa inkunga bya leta bifite. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Cora |first=Burnett |date=2018 |title=Sport in the African World |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351212755-8/traditional-sports-games-eastern-central-southern-africa-cora-burnett?context=ubx&refId=d1726eed-4b8b-4b16-8b4c-15a204db9be9 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-21275-5 |pages=121–145 |chapter=Traditional sports and games in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa |doi=10.4324/9781351212755-8}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Keim |first=Marion |date=2014-03-26 |title=Sport and Development Policy in Africa: Results of a Collaborative Study of Selected Country Cases |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8jsrAwAAQBAJ&dq=traditional+sport+in+africa&pg=PA7 |last2=Coning |first2=Christo de |publisher=AFRICAN SUN MeDIA |isbn=978-1-920689-20-9 |language=en}}</ref> : 193–194 Mu 2010, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] yabaye igihugu cya mbere cya Afurika cyakiriye igikombe cy'isi cya FIFA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's sport participation and gender equality: African women in the beautiful game |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150624110200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214065238/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150624110200.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2016 |access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-06-09 |title=The History Of Soccer In Africa |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127600200 |access-date=2015-03-31 |publisher=NPR.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Darby |first=Paul |date=8 October 2013 |title=Africa, Football and FIFA: Politics, Colonialism and Resistance - Paul Darby - Google Books |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ccxEAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA219 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135298340 |access-date=2015-03-31}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Craig |first=Steve |year=2002 |title=Sports and Games of the Ancients - Steve Craig - Google Books |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KKlSSRq-P2QC&pg=PA3 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=9780313316005 |access-date=2015-03-31}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2016 |title=12 things you didn't know about sports in Africa |url=https://www.one.org/us/2016/08/16/12-things-you-didnt-know-about-sports-in-africa/ |access-date=24 August 2016 |website=ONE |archive-date=19 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619140102/https://www.one.org/us/2016/08/16/12-things-you-didnt-know-about-sports-in-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Popularity and Participation of Sports in the Middle East and North Africa |url=http://www.revolutionsports.co.uk/news/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/SMGI-Middle-East-North-Africa-Report-180911final.pdf |access-date=2016-08-26 |website=Revolutionsports.co.uk}}</ref> == Amateka == Afurika ifiteamateka maremare y’imikino gakondo . Ubukoloni bw’i Burayi kuvamumpera z’ikinyejana cya cumi n’icyenda bwazanye imikino yo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi ku mugabane, mu gihe bwagabanyaga imikorere y’imikino yomugace, Abanyaburayi babonaga nk’imikino ishaje kandi irwanya Abakristo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amusa |first=LO |last2=Toriola |first2=AL |date=2013-12-31 |title=The changing phases of Physical education in Africa: Can a uniquely African model emerge? |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajpherd.v16i4.64095 |journal=African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance |volume=16 |issue=4 |doi=10.4314/ajpherd.v16i4.64095 |issn=1117-4315 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Siporo mur'Afurika mbere y’ikinyejana cyamakumyabiri hagati yakinwaga cyane cyane n’Abanyaburayi. Ibi byakoreshejwe mu gukomeza gutandukanya ibyiciro by’imibereho by’amoko yombi. Uburezi rusange bwa siporo bwashyizwe mu bikorwa mumijyi y’uturere tw'Afurika kugira ngo "bube heza" kandi bunoze umusaruro w’abaturage b’Abanyaburayi. Uko urubyaro rw’abahanga b’i Burayi n’abasangwabutaka bakurikiranaga uburezi, bamenyekanye mu mikino yari yaragenewe abimukira b’i Burayi. Aho ngaho, benshi muri bo babaye indashyikirwa maze baba "Inyenyeri za Siporo z’Abanyaburayi" kandi bubahwaga kubera ubwitange bwabo bwiza. Abo bakinnyi bashyizwe mu makipe y’igihugu y’Ubwongereza n’Ubufaransa kuko hari ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza ubuhanga bwabo mu mikino. Kuvicyogihe, uturere tw'Afurika twari twarakolonijwe twahagarariwe mu ruhando mpuzamahanga rwa siporo. Abakinnyi b’abahanga muturere twa Afurika tuvuga [[Icyongereza]] n’Igifaransa bitwaga "abasadukayo b’indashyikirwa." Akenshi babaga abana b’abasirikare <nowiki><i id="mwZQ">bo muri Senegali bitwaga tirailleurs</i></nowiki> cyangwa abasirikare. Nyuma y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, nomugihe cyogusana imipaka y'Uburayi, Ubwongereza n'Ubufaransa byagoranye kugumana koloni zabo, cyane cyane bitewe n'ubwikunde bw'igihugu. Nyuma y'uko Umuryango w'Ibihugu ushingwa, Ubwongereza n'Ubufaransa byiyemeje gukurikiza amahame y'ubutegetsi bwiza, yavugaga ko abaturage bafituburenganzira bwo kwihitiramo ubuyobozi bwabo. Mbere y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose irangiye, Afurika yafashe iya mbere kugira ngo yigenge ku burere bwa gikolonize bwashyizweho n'Ubwongereza n'Ubufaransa. Gushyira siporo mu mahanga byashingiye cyane ku bikorwa byo kwirukana ubukoloni, hamwe no kwinjizwa mu mikino Olempike. Afurika yakoresheje siporo nk'uburyo bwo kurwanya ivanguramoko no kurandura ivanguramoko rishingiye ku mwanya w'abaturage. Ubwo "abagome b'abanyacyubahiro" bagendaga bakundwa, abanyacyubahiro b'Abanyafurika bakoresheje aya mahirwe yo kurwanya ivanguramoko no guteza imbere siporo zomur'Afurika gusa, ahubwo no gushushanya ishusho ya Afurika nshya yigenga. === Igihe cya none === Mu 1956, umupiraw'amaguru waranzwe n'iterambere muri Afurika ubwo hashingwaga [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika|ishyirahamwe ry'umupira w'amaguru mur'Afurika]] . Ubumwe bw'Afurika bwagaragajwe binyuze mu mikino, ariko bwagenzurwaga n'amashyirahamwe y'imikino yo mu Burengerazuba nka FIFA . Nyamara, mu mikino Olempike ya Roma yomu 1960, abakinnyi b'abirabura b'Abanyafurika bagize icyo bageraho mu nzego zabo, ndetse banatsinda imyanya ikomeye mumpera z'irushanwa. Siporo yatumy'Afurika irushaho gushakubwigenge, kandi muriki gih'Afurika izwicyane mumikino myinshi, cyane cyane mu mupira w'amaguru. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> == Ibikorwaremezo == [[Dosiye:Street_soccer_in_Lagos.jpg|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru wo mu muhanda i Lagos, [[Nijeriya|muri Nijeriya]]]] Kutagira icyo bivuzemur'Afurika mumikino mpuzamahanga biterwa no kutagira ibikorwa remezo. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Anita |date=2012-08-12 |title=African Countries: Olympic Medals Seem Elusive |url=http://www.theroot.com/articles/world/2012/08/african_countries_olympic_medals_seem_elusive.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712053057/http://www.theroot.com/articles/world/2012/08/african_countries_olympic_medals_seem_elusive.html |archive-date=2015-07-12 |access-date=2015-03-31 |publisher=Theroot.com}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite book |date=1987 |title=Sport in Africa: essays in social history |url=https://archive.org/details/sportinafricaess00bake |publisher=Africana Publishing Company |isbn=0841909067 |editor-last=Baker |editor-first=William J. |location=New York |oclc=15107411 |editor-last2=Mangan |editor-first2=James A. |url-access=registration}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-08-14 |title=Olympics: Why Africa fell by the wayside |url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/13/opinion/olympics-african-village/ |access-date=2015-03-31 |publisher=CNN.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Djanie |first=Akua |title=Why Did Africa Come To The London Olympics? |url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/why-did-africa-come-to-the-london-olympics/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703090100/http://newafricanmagazine.com/why-did-africa-come-to-the-london-olympics/ |archive-date=2015-07-03 |access-date=2015-03-31 |publisher=Newafricanmagazine.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Edwards |first=Piers |date=28 April 2016 |title=Own goal? Africa's shambolic sports management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36150984 |access-date=2016-07-17 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [ <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2016 |title=Sports in Africa: An untapped resource for development &#124; Pambazuka News |url=http://www.pambazuka.org/global-south/sports-africa-untapped-resource-development |access-date=2016-08-26 |website=Pambazuka.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chadwick |first=Simon |date=19 June 2015 |title=Why Africa's sports industry needs to step up to the plate |url=http://theconversation.com/why-africas-sports-industry-needs-to-step-up-to-the-plate-43144 |access-date=24 August 2016 |doi=10.64628/AB.us764jcnn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=John Luiz |last2=Riyas Fadal |title=An Economic Analysis of Sports Performance in Africa |url=http://www.econrsa.org/papers/w_papers/wp162.pdf |access-date=2016-08-26 |website=Econrsa.org |archive-date=2016-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826054606/http://www.econrsa.org/papers/w_papers/wp162.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |title=Press release - Transparency International Global Corruption Report: Sport highlights scale of corruption in Africa |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/pressrelease/transparency_internationals_global_corruption_report_sport_highlights_scale |access-date=24 August 2016 |archive-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220002831/https://www.transparency.org/news/pressrelease/transparency_internationals_global_corruption_report_sport_highlights_scale |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2024 |title=Paris 2024 Olympics: How can Africa improve its performance for LA 2028? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/articles/c4gdwy72ee5o}}</ref> == Siporo y'ikipe == === Ishyirahamwe ry'Umupira w'Amaguru === [[Dosiye:Carte_Afrique_CAF.png|right|thumb|Amashyirahamwe y'ibihugu byo mu karere ka Afurika]]       [[Umupira w’amaguru|Umupira w'amaguru w'ishyirahamwe ry'umupira w'amaguru]] (uzwi kandi ku izina rya football) ni wo mukino ukunzwe cyane muriburigihugu cya Afurika. Amakipe y'amakipe yomur'Afurika yitabira igikombe cya CAF Champions League na CAF Confederation Cup . Amakipe y'ibihugu by'Afurika yitabira igikombe cya Afurika ndetse no mu irushanwa ry'ibihugu bya Afurika kumakipe yomugace. === Umupira wa baseball === Baseball ntabwigaragara cyane mur'Afurika. Ariko, Ishyirahamwe ry’Isi rya Baseball Softball ryatangije Baseball5, ubwoko bwa baseball bwomumuhanda, hamwe n’ibihugu icyenda byashinze, [ a ] mu rwego rwo kumenyekanisha uyumukino kumugabane. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Baseball5 shines bright on the diamond |url=https://www.wbsc.org/en/news/baseball5-shining-bright-on-the-diamond |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=World Baseball Softball Confederation |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of WBSC Africa - wbscafrica.org |url=https://www.wbscafrica.org/en/organisation/history/history-of-wbsc-africa |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=www.wbscafrica.org}}</ref> === Umupira w'amaguru === [[Dosiye:AG_23_3x3_Basketball_53.jpg|thumb|Basketball ya 3x3 mu mikino ya Afurika ya 2023 muri Ghana]] [[Umupira w’agatebo|Umukino wa Basketball]] nawukunzwe kumugabane wose, ahowagaragaye cyanemuri Nijeriya, Tuniziya, Misiri, Senegali, Ivory Coast, Kameruni na Angola, ndetse no muri Cape Verde na Sudani y'Epfo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2013 |title=NBA shoots for African basketball stars, courts new fan base - CNN.com |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/24/sport/nba-shoots-for-african-basketball/ |access-date=2016-07-18 |website=CNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Shaun |title=Olajuwon: Godfather of basketball in Africa |url=http://www.nba.com/2015/news/features/shaun_powell/07/30/hakeem-olajuwon-godfather-of-basketball-in-africa/ |access-date=2016-07-18 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Tunde Eludini |date=2016-04-30 |title=INTERVIEW: Africa Basketball League surpassing expectations – CEO - Premium Times Nigeria |url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/sports-features/202664-interview-africa-basketball-league-surpassing-expectations-ceo.html |access-date=2016-07-18 |work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-31 |title=NBA Africa Game a symbol of hope |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/nba/story/_/id/13354356/nba-africa-game-symbol-hope |access-date=2016-07-18 |website=Espn.co.uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Willens |first=Max |date=2015-08-01 |title=In Africa, NBA Will Broadcast More Than 500 Games On TV, Broadband And Mobile Next Season Through Econet Partnership |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/africa-nba-will-broadcast-more-500-games-tv-broadband-mobile-next-season-through-2357200 |access-date=2016-07-18 |website=Ibtimes.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-01 |title=NBA helping basketball grow in Africa with grassroots efforts |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2015/07/30/basketball-without-borders-africa-luol-deng-masai-ujiri-chris-paul-exhibition-game/30903465/ |access-date=2016-07-18 |website=Usatoday.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mike Richman |date=2013-12-18 |title=Mandela Instrumental in Popularizing Basketball in Africa |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/mandela-instrumental-popularizing-basketball-africa/1812584.html |access-date=2016-07-18 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> Umunya-Nigeria Hakeem Olajuwon (watwayigikombe cya NBA inshurebyiri mwikipe ya Houston Rockets ) n'umwe mubakinnyi b'abanyamahanga beza mumateka ya NBA kandafatwa nk'ingenzi mu guteza imbere nogukurura umupira wa Basketball muri Afurika. === Cricket === [[Dosiye:2023_African_Games_01_cricket_46.jpg|thumb|Cricket ya T20 mu mikino ya Afurika ya 2023]] Cricket n'umukino ukunzwe cyanemu Bwongereza kandiwoherejwe mubindibice by'ubwami bwahoze ari Ubwongereza . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Wagg |first=Stephen |date=14 November 2017 |title=Cricket: A Political History of the Global Game, 1945-2017: 1945 to 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=844-DwAAQBAJ&q=cricket+in+ghana+history&pg=PT60 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317557296 |via=Google Books}}</ref> <ref name="Duncan">{{Cite book |last=Duncan |first=Isabelle |year=2013 |title=Skirting the Boundary: A History of Women's Cricket |publisher=Robson Press |isbn=9781849545464 |location=London}}</ref> <ref name="Aglietti">{{Cite news |last=Aglietti |first=Stephanie |date=11 September 2014 |title=Rwanda cricket, growing a game of hope |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/rwanda-cricket-growing-game-hope-064714133--spt.html |access-date=8 April 2015 |publisher=Yahoo Sports |agency=Agence France-Presse |archive-date=17 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017171700/https://sports.yahoo.com/news/rwanda-cricket-growing-game-hope-064714133--spt.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-24 |title=Why cricket is gaining in popularity in Rwanda |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20798480 |access-date=2016-07-18 |website=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2015 |title=Cricket World Cup: How the South African media reacted to the Black Caps' win - Sport - NZ Herald News |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=11422614 |access-date=2015-03-31 |publisher=Nzherald.co.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-22 |title=The Nigerians bowled over by cricket - BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-31944995 |access-date=2015-03-31 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Cricket ifitinkomoko mumajyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Ubwongereza. Ikunzwe cyane mu Bwongereza na Pays de Galles, no mu bice by'Ubuholandi, no mu bindi bice by'isi, cyane cyane mumajyepfo [[Afurika|y'Afurika]], [[Ositaraliya]], [[Nuveli Zelande|Nouvelle-Zélande]] no ku mugabane w'Ubuhinde . Ikinwa kugira ngo igerageze urwego rwa Cricket muri Afurika y'Epfo na Zimbabwe, kandi umusaruro ugaragara muri Kenya na Namibiya. === Hoki yo mu kibuga === Umukino wa Hockey wo mu kibuga ukunzwe muturere twahoze arutw’Ubwongereza mur'Afurika, ukaba waragaragaye cyane muri Misiri, Nijeriya, Gana, Kenya, Namibiya, Botswana, Zimbabwe cyane cyane muri Afurika y’Epfo. === Hockey yo mu rubura === Hockey yomurubura n'umukino w’abantu bake mur'Afurika, ahwibihugu bike by'Afurika byitabira. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tunisia: the new North African home of ice hockey? |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/tunisia-north-african-home-ice-hockey-045839383--nhl.html |access-date=2016-10-24 |website=[[Yahoo Sports]] |archive-date=2016-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013232738/http://sports.yahoo.com/news/tunisia-north-african-home-ice-hockey-045839383--nhl.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-07-13 |title=Cool Runnings: Tunisia's first ever ice hockey team hopes to make history |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/in-depth/features/cool-runnings-tunisia-s-first-ever-ice-hockey-team-hopes-make-history-sport-olympics-Belgium-563804034 |access-date=2016-10-24 |work=[[Middle East Eye]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-15 |title=Ice hockey gaining ground in Tunisia |url=http://www.africanews.com/2016/08/15/ice-hockey-gaining-ground-in-tunisia/ |access-date=2016-10-24 |website=Africanews.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-23 |title=Montrealer keen to represent Tunisia in first-ever African Ice Hockey Cup - Montreal - CBC News |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/montrealer-keen-to-represent-tunisia-in-first-ever-african-ice-hockey-cup-1.3691177 |access-date=2016-10-24 |website=Cbc.ca}}</ref> === Ishyirahamwe ry'abakina rugby === [[Dosiye:13th_African_Games_14.jpg|left|thumb|Uganda vs Madagasikari]] Ishyirahamwe ry’abakina rugby rikunzwe cyane mur'Afurika y'Epfo (inshuro 4 z'abatwaye igikombe cy'isi mu 1995, 2007, 2019 na 2023 ) kandi ibindi bihugu bifite umusaruro ugaragara nka Maroc, Namibiya, Zimbabwe na Ivory Coast . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2016 |title=South Africa's Struggle To Fix Racism In Sports |url=http://www.vocativ.com/314566/south-africa-struggles-to-fix-racism-in-sports/ |access-date=24 August 2016 |archive-date=18 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218091132/http://www.vocativ.com/314566/south-africa-struggles-to-fix-racism-in-sports/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Fisher |first=Ryland |date=21 January 2013 |title=South African sport still divided by race |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/21/southafrica-sport-divided-race |access-date=24 August 2016 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=David Ross Black |year=1998 |title=Rugby and the South African Nation: Sport, Cultures, Politics, and Power in ... |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHi7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA122 |last2=David R. Black |last3=John Nauright |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=9780719049323 |page=122 |access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref> Irushanwa rikomeye ku mugabane ni Igikombe cya Afurika kirimo amakipe yokurwego rwambere rwa rugby mur'Afurika, naho Igikombe cy’iterambere rya Afurika kirimo amakipe yokurwego rwa kabiri. Ikipe ya rugby yo muri Afurika y'Epfo ni yo yonyine yitabira irushanwa mpuzamahanga, The Rugby Championship . Inyandiko ya Albert Grundlingh ivuga kungaruka siporo yagizekubwenegihugu, cyanecyane uburyo rugby yahinduye imiterere y’aba-Afrikaner kurugero runaka. Kaminuza ya Stellenbosch yasobanuwe nk'"ikipe ikomeye" ya rugby yo muri Afurika y'Epfo yari irwanya kaminuza zivuga Icyongereza zigaragaza "umuzi wa Afrikandom". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Summon 2.0 |url=https://aucegypt.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?bookMark=eNqNkE1PAjEYhGtEo6xcjD8AT57At9_bo2xQSUi8GK9N231LQNzFbTHRXy-EAx49TubJzGT6pNe0DRJyQ2HMOOj71TjkL9r8LFgwJ6RPDStFCVzq07_ifCfYjjdKK3FBBiktPQjYe4JdkutZM6yXMWKHTR7m5QemK3IW3TrhgPRyt8WCvD1OX6vn0fzlaVY9zEeOCQAYlUrWSgIqI4ORQtU1Fy6KqD16XYOQUaAzFEoZfZQOqObclCXWxocotOEFuT0Eu23Axfcm2-CyW7cL6zkFqaWirCB3B2bTtZ9bTNmib9v3sBvbubWdTirFGaXaHMlVym1n91SyFOz-Kruyx6vYf3p_AXKhZGo}}</ref> === Indi mikino === [[Umupira w’intoke|Umupira w'intoki]] na [[Wasan kwallon raga|volleyball]] birakunzwe cyane cyane mur'Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Indimikino yo mumakipe nka polo yomumazi, hockey yo mubwoko bwa roller na netball nayikunzwe mubihugu bimwe na bimwe byo mu Burasirazuba n'Amajyepfo byo muri Afurika. == Siporo ku giti cy'umuntu ku giti cye == Siporo kugiti cy’umuntu kugiti cye nayoningenzi cyane. Afurika ifitirushanwa rikomeye ry’imikino myinshi ryitwa All-Africa Games ryatangiye mu 1965 ryabereye i [[Brazzaville]], [[Kongo|Repubulika ya Kongo]] . === Siporo === [[Dosiye:Samuel_Tefera_of_Ethiopia_at_the_2018_African_Athletics_Championships.jpg|left|thumb|Shampiyona y'imikino ngororamubiri ya Afurika ya 2018 i Asaba, muri Nijeriya]] Siporo ni rimwe mumarushanwa akomeye mur'Afurika. Irirushanwa ryabaye igice cy’imikino ya Afurika kuvamu 1965. Shampiyona ya Siporo mur'Afurika yabanje kuba kabiri mumwaka kuva mu 1979. Shampiyona ya Afurika yo gusiganwa ku maguru yabanje kuba mu 1985 nyuma yaho kuva mu 2011. Shampiyona ya Afurika yo kwiruka mu misozi yabanje kuba kuva mu 2009. Byongeye kandi, amarushanwa menshi ya IAAF World Cross Country Championships yabereye muri Afurika. Irushanwampuzamahanga rya Meeting International Mohammed VI d'Athlétisme de Rabat ryabereyemuri Maroc kuvamu 2008 nk'igice cya IAAF World Challenge na IAAF Diamond League . Mbereyaho, Meeting Grand Prix IAAF de Dakar yarigice cya IAAF Grand Prix na IAAF World Challenge. Marathon ya Cape Town yabayirushanwa rya IAAF Silver Label mu 2014 n'irushanwa rya IAAF Gold Label mu 2017. Kenya na Etiyopiya byagaragaye cyane mumikino ngororamubiri mumikino Olempike yo mu mpeshyi kuva mumyaka ya 1960, cyane cyane mu kwiruka intera yo hagati n'iy'intambwe ndende. === Kugendera ku igare === [[Dosiye:Coupe_des_nations_de_cyclisme_à_Douala_06.jpg|thumb|Amarushanwa yo gusiganwa ku magare i Douala, [[Kameruni|muri Kameruni]]]] Irushanwa ry’amagare ryomumuhanda rya UCI Africa Tour ryatangiye kuba kuva mu 2005. Ikipe ya Dimension Data, yahoze ari MTN–Qhubeka, niyokipe yambere y’Abanyafurika yinjiye muri Grand Tours mu 2015. Abagize ikipe bazwi barimo Jacques Janse van Rensburg na Youcef Reguigui . Kenya n'u Rwanda biri kwiyongera mu gusiganwa ku magare ku isi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Ben East |title=Land of Second Chances: The Impossible Rise of Rwanda's Cycling Team by Tim Lewis – review &#124; Books |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/aug/11/second-chances-rwanda-cycling-lewis-review |access-date=2016-07-19 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Kenya's cycling hero puts next generation on the right track - CNN.com |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2014/05/28/world/africa/how-to-cycle-like-a-tour/ |access-date=2016-07-19 |website=CNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-09-13 |title=Cycling in Eritrea: Saddled with problems |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/gametheory/2014/09/cycling-eritrea |access-date=2016-07-19 |work=[[The Economist]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-21 |title=Lycra in Africa: A cycling dream come true &#124; SBS News |url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/dateline/story/lycra-africa-cycling-dream-come-true |access-date=2016-07-19 |website=Sbs.com.au |archive-date=2018-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403175023/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/dateline/story/lycra-africa-cycling-dream-come-true |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bouchier |first=Tom |date=2016-07-12 |title=Has African cycling arrived? - CNN.com |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/12/sport/cylcing-africa-dimension-data-qhubeka/ |access-date=2016-07-19 |website=CNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Dabbs |first=Brian |date=20 June 2012 |title=A Dream on Two Wheels: In Country of Runners, Kenyan Cycling Team Faces Uphill Climb |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/21/sports/cycling/in-country-of-runners-kenyan-cycling-team-faces-uphill-climb.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chhabra |first=Esha |title=Cycling Becomes More Inclusive: Tour de France's First Africa Team Stands Tall at the Podium |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/eshachhabra/2015/07/10/cycling-becomes-more-inclusive-tour-de-frances-first-africa-team-stands-tall-at-the-podium/#12b28f152ebc |access-date=2016-07-19 |website=Forbes.com}}</ref> === Golf === Golf numukino ukunzekugaragara mur'Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smart |first=Tony |date=2013-07-23 |title=10 best golf courses in Africa - CNN.com |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/best-golf-courses-africa/index.html |access-date=2016-07-17 |website=CNN}}</ref> The Sunshine Tour ifite icyicaro mur'Afurika y'Epfo ariko inasura ibindi bihugu by'abaturanyi. Amarushanwa menshi yemejwe n'irushanwa ry'i Burayi, nka South African Open, South African PGA Championship, Alfred Dunhill Championship, Nedbank Golf Challenge, Africa Open, Joburg Open, Tshwane Open , Abakinnyi ba golf bazwi cyane mur'Afurika barimo Bobby Locke, wegukanyigikombe cya British Open inshurenye mu 1949, 1950, 1952 na 1957; Gary Player, wegukanye igikombe cya British Open mu 1959, 1968 na 1974, The Masters mu 1961, 1974 na 1978, PGA Championship mu 1962 na 1972 na US Open mu 1965; Ernie Els, wegukanye igikombe cya US Open mu 1994, 1997 na British Open mu 2002 ; Nick Price, wegukanye igikombe cya PGA Championship mu 1992 na 1994 na British Open mu 1994; Retief Goosen ; Trevor Immelman ; Louis Oosthuizen na Charl Schwartzel . === Siporo y'imodoka === [[Dosiye:WRC_Safari_Rally_2021_(cropped_3).jpg|thumb|Irushanwa rya Safari muri Kenya]] Siporo y'imodoka ikunzwecyane mur'Afurika y'Epfo. Ikigihugu cyakiriye amasiganwa mpuzamahanga menshi, nka Grand Prix yo muri Afurika y'Epfo ( Formula One ), Grand Prix yo muri Afurika y'Epfo ( Grand Prix) yo gusiganwa ku magare ya moto, n'ibindi. Grand Prix yo muri Maroc ni yo Grand Prix ya mbere mur'Afurika yakiriye Formula 1 mu 1958 . Safari Rally yarimwemu marushanwa y’isi ya Rally kuvamu 1973 kugezamu 2002, mbereyo kugaruka mu 2021. Mbere Rallye Côte d'Ivoire nayo yaberaga nk'irushanwa rya WRC kuva mu irushanwa ry’isi rya Rally ku bashoferi n'abakora kuva mu 1977 kugeza mu 1992. Isiganwa rya Dakar Rally ryabereye mur'Afurika y'Amajyaruguru kuva mu 1979 kugeza mu 2007, harimo inzira ya Ruguru-Amajyepfo mu 1992 n'inzira ya Iburengerazuba-Iburasirazuba mu 2000 . Jody Scheckter niwemushoferi wenyine w’imodoka ukomoka mur'Afurika wegukanye Formula 1 mu 1979, mu gihe Tony Maggs na John Love batsinze ibitegobyinshi. Giniel de Villiers yegukanye Dakar Rally mu 2009. Muri Motos, Afurika y'Epfo yari ifite/ifite abakinnyi bazwi nka Kork Ballington, Jon Ekerold, ubu akaba na Brad Binder, mu gihe abashoferi bo muri Rhodes barimo Ray Amm na Jim Redman . === Tenisi === [[Tenisi]] numukino w’abantu bake mur'Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schreiner |first=Tanja |date=2014-02-14 |title=Dreaming of an African tennis champion |url=http://voicesofafrica.co.za/dreaming-african-tennis-champion/ |access-date=2016-07-17 |publisher=Voices of Africa}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gary Morley |date=2011-07-22 |title=What does the future hold for African tennis? - CNN.com |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/tennis/07/22/tennis.africa.anderson.huber/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715135537/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/tennis/07/22/tennis.africa.anderson.huber/ |archive-date=July 15, 2014 |access-date=2016-07-17 |website=CNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Clarey |first=Christopher |date=25 June 2011 |title=African Tennis Players No Longer Among World's Best |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/26/sports/tennis/african-tennis-players-no-longer-among-worlds-best.html |access-date=2016-07-17 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-01 |title=Tennis programme serves hope in Kenya slum |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/video/africa/2014/07/tennis-programme-serves-hope-kenya-slum-20147120623549544.html |access-date=2016-07-17 |publisher=Al Jazeera English}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The story of Lagos' ill-fated 1976 Professional Tennis Tournament – Africa is a Country |url=http://africasacountry.com/2015/07/the-story-of-lagos-ill-fated-1976-professional-tennis-tournament/ |access-date=2016-07-17 |website=Africasacountry.com |archive-date=2019-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401030837/https://www.africasacountry.com/2015/07/the-story-of-lagos-ill-fated-1976-professional-tennis-tournament |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abakinnyi bazwibarimo Kevin Anderson, Irene Bowder Peacock, Jaroslav Drobný, Cliff Drysdale, Kevin Curren, Wayne Ferreira, Johan Kriek, Brian Norton, Sandra Reynolds, Eric Sturgess, Ian Vermaak, Amanda Coetzer na Kevin Anderson . Irushanwa rya South African Open ryari mwirushanwa rya Grand Prix kuvamu 1972 kugeza mu 1989 ndetse n'irushanwa rya ATP Tour kuva mu 1990 kugeza mu 2011. === Siporo yo mu mazi === [[Dosiye:Rafts_on_Sandvlei_during_the_Kon-Tiki_Scout_Adventure_at_Lakeside_in_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Kon-Tiki (Umuskuti) i Cape Town, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]]] Siporo zomumazi zikunzwe cyane mubihugu byokunkombe z'inyanja, kunkengero z'ibiyaga bigari n'imigezi. Gutembera mubwato, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-01 |title=What is rafting? |url=https://sportsafari.africa/activity/rafting/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |publisher=Nile Sport Safari}}</ref> gukaraba, gukaraba mumazi ni ubwoko burikwiyongera muri Kenya, Afurika y'Epfo, Zambiya, u Rwanda na Uganda. Ishobora kwishimirwa haba nk'umukino ndetse n'uburyo bw'ubukerarugendo bukora, bwagenewe amatsinda y'abitabiriye imikino itandukanye n'urwego rw'imyitozo. == Siporo yo kurwana == Hariho kandamarushanwa akomeye y’imikino yo kurwana n’imikino yo kurwana kumugabane. === Iteramakofe === [[Dosiye:DEGAN_Gabin_(_female_boxing).jpg|thumb|Iteramakofe ry'abagore]] Louis Phal niwewabaye umukinnyi wambere w’umunyafurika watwaye igikombe cy’isi cy’iteramakofe. Hari indi myaka 40 yagombaga gutsindira undimukinnyi watwaye igikombe cy’isi cy’iteramakofe mu ishusho ya Richard Ihetu . Hagati aho, nta buryo bwo kuyobora imikino y’iteramakofe bwabigize umwuga bwari buhari muri Afurika kugeza mu 1973, ubwo abahagarariye ibihugu icyenda bya Afurika bashingaga Ishyirahamwe ry’iteramakofe mur'Afurika . Kuya 30 Ukwakira 1974, Muhammad Ali na George Foreman barwaniye igikombe cy’abaremereye muri Zaire cyaje kwitwa Rumble in the Jungle . Afurika imazegutsindira igikombe cy’isi cya shampiyona nyinshi, Azumah Nelson akaba ariwe uzwi cyane. <ref>{{Cite book |last=John Nauright |date=January 1997 |title=Sport, Cultures, and Identities in South Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhktPqiJ-PAC&pg=PA115 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=9780718500726 |page=115 |access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tim Oates |date=2008-10-07 |title=History of South African Sport: II. Boxing |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/66049-history-of-south-african-sport-ii-boxing |access-date=2016-07-17 |publisher=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-07 |title=Africa has 4 'world' champions - SuperSport - Boxing |url=http://www.supersport.com/boxing/south-africa/news/140113/Africa_has_4_world_champions |access-date=2016-07-17 |publisher=SuperSport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin Cuddihy |date=2016-06-09 |title=Africa remembers boxing legend Muhammad Ali |url=http://thenewdaily.com.au/sport/2016/06/09/muhammad-ali-africa-remembers-boxing-legend/ |access-date=2016-07-17 |publisher=The New Daily}}</ref> [ <ref>{{Cite book |last=Bona Udeze |date=1967-02-06 |title=Why Africa?: A Continent in a Dilemma of Unanswered Questions |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVJYj3RGXjwC&pg=PA574 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=9781436396844 |page=574 |access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref> [ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Edward Echwalu |date=16 May 2016 |title=Ugandan women turn to boxing to escape the slum &#124; News &#124; Africa &#124; M&G |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2016-05-16-ugandan-women-turn-to-boxing-to-escape-the-slum/ |access-date=2016-07-17 |website=Mg.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Scarlett Cornelissen |date=13 September 2013 |title=Sport Past and Present in South Africa: (Trans)forming the Nation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRjcAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA47 |last2=Albert Grundlingh |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317988595 |page=47 |access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Nauright |first=John |date=1931-03-23 |title=Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IkLYDgTnMxEC&pg=PA109 |last2=Parrish |first2=Charles |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=9781598843002 |page=109 |access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref> === Judo === Afurika ntabwirabona umuntu utsinda muri Judo kwisi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-04-01 |title=Judo gains popularity as Kenya targets Africa conquest |url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/article/article_xinhua.aspx?id=275295 |access-date=2016-07-19 |work=[[Shanghai Daily]]}}</ref> Shampiyona ya Judo mur'Afurika niyo marushanwa akomeye ya Judo muri Afurika. === Karate === Karate yatangijwe bwambere mur'Afurika mumyaka ya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Sports Authority, Ghana |url=http://www.sportsauthority.com.gh/maincat_select_discipline.cfm?disciplineID=10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110638/http://www.sportsauthority.com.gh/maincat_select_discipline.cfm?disciplineID=10 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2015-03-05 |publisher=Sportsauthority.com.gh}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Resnekov |first=Liam |date=2014-07-16 |title=Love and Rebellion: How Two Karatekas Fought Apartheid &#124; FIGHTLAND |url=http://fightland.vice.com/blog/love-and-rebellion-how-two-karatekas-fought-apartheid |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725233629/http://fightland.vice.com/blog/love-and-rebellion-how-two-karatekas-fought-apartheid |archive-date=July 25, 2014 |access-date=2015-03-05 |publisher=Fightland.vice.com}}</ref> Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyafurika ry’Ishyirahamwe rya Karate niryo rishinzwe karate muri Afurika. === Ubumenyi bw'imirwano buvanze === Abahanzi bakomeye bomur'Afurika barimo Israel Adesanya, umukinnyi wa UFC muburebure bwo hagati, Kamaru Usman, umukinnyi wa UFC muburebure bwohagati, na Francis Ngannou, umukinnyi wa UFC mu burebure bwo hejuru. Irushanwa rya Extreme Fighting Championship (ryahoze ryitwa EFC Africa) nikigo cy'Afurika y'Epfo cyashinzwe mu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2017 |title=EFC: The future of MMA resides in Africa |url=https://cagepages.com/2017/07/18/efc-future-mma-resides-africa/ |access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=EFC: Extreme Fighting Championship |url=http://www.efcworldwide.com |access-date=25 April 2013}}</ref> Niryo shyirahamwe ryambere ry’imikino yo kurwana ivanze ku mugabane w'Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-04-22 |title=MMA warrior, Demarte Pena, still EFC Africa's featherweight champ |url=http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-04-22-mma-warrior-demarte-pena-still-efc-africas-featherweight-champ/#.V5YmM9KkoT8 |access-date=2016-07-25 |publisher=Daily Maverick}}</ref> EFC Africa 19, yabereye muri Carnival City i Johannesburg kuya 19 Mata 2013, yayoboyizindi mikino mur'Afurika aho yarebwe abantubarenga miliyoni 1.8, aho 31.3% by'abareba televiziyo muri Afurika y'Epfo ( SABC, e.tv na DStv byose hamwe) byashyizwe hamwe. Aya niyo manota menshi mu mateka ya EFC, arenga agahigo ka EFC Africa 12 kokurebwa abantu miliyoni 1.6 na 25.9% by'abareba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=EFC Africa: Latest MMA Ratings Smash Other African Sports |url=http://www.efcafrica.com/news/2013/April/efc_africa_news_article_latest_mma_ratings.php |access-date=25 April 2013 |archive-date=30 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630090800/http://www.efcafrica.com/news/2013/April/efc_africa_news_article_latest_mma_ratings.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> EFC 85 yasubitswe kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19 . === Taekwondo === Taekwondo irimo gukuruko abantubenshi bitabira imikino Olempike. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-12 |title=Taekwondo grows dreams in Africa :: Korea.net : The official website of the Republic of Korea |url=http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Sports/view?articleId=105461 |access-date=2016-07-17 |website=Korea.net |archive-date=2016-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822140619/http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Sports/view?articleId=105461 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emilie Iob |date=5 July 2016 |title=Ivorian Taekwondo Champions Head to Rio Olympics |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/ivory-coast-taekwondo-champions-rio-olympics/3405403.html |access-date=2016-07-17 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhang Jingya |title=Faces of Africa 09/20/2015 Legacy of a Taekwondo Master Part 2 |url=http://english.cntv.cn/2015/09/20/VIDE1442744401497543.shtml |access-date=2016-07-19 |website=English.cntv.cn |archive-date=2018-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814132116/http://english.cntv.cn/2015/09/20/VIDE1442744401497543.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Afurika irimo kuzamuka nk'ikipe ikomeye muri Taekwondo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa emerges as new taekwondo force but Korea reclaim top spot |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/news/africa-emerges-as-new-taekwondo-force-but-korea-reclaim-top-spot |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922190500/https://www.rio2016.com/en/news/africa-emerges-as-new-taekwondo-force-but-korea-reclaim-top-spot |archive-date=22 September 2016 |access-date=24 August 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2016 |title=Rio Olympics: Africa shines in taekwondo as Ivorian Cisse wins gold |url=http://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2016/08/rio-olympics-africa-shines-in-taekwondo-as-ivorian-cisse-wins-gold/ |access-date=24 August 2016 |website=The NEWS}}</ref> Taekwondo iyoborwa n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Abanyafurika rya Taekwondo . == Ibirori == [[Dosiye:All-Africa_Games_host_cities.png|thumb|Imijyi yabanje kwakira imikino ya Afurika]] Afurika y'Epfo yakiriye igikombe cy'isi cya Rugby cyo mu 1995, igikombe cy'isi cya Cricket cyo mu 2003 n'igikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cyo mu 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Charles P. Korr |date=2013-12-05 |title=Nelson Mandela saw sport as way to connect S. Africans |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/2013/12/05/nelson-mandela-death-soccer-rugby-sports-impact-appreciation/2432659/ |access-date=2015-03-31 |publisher=Usatoday.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-06 |title=For Nelson Mandela, sports were major weapon against racism |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/12/05/world/africa/nelson-mandela-sports/ |access-date=2015-03-31 |publisher=CNN.com}}</ref> Afurika yakiriyimikino ya Pan Arab esheshatu n'imikino ya Mediterane esheshatu. Durban, Afurika y'Epfo yatangajwe nk'iyakiriye imikino ya Commonwealth yo mu 2022 mu 2015, arikoyangiwe kwakirimikino muri 2017. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-26 |title=Africa will host Commonwealth Games 'one of these days', says Miriam Moyo |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/62296284 |access-date=2025-05-31 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Amarushanwa akomeye kumugabane w'Afurika nimikino y'Afurika, Igikombe cy'Ibihugu bya Afurika, CAF Champions League, Shampiyona ya Afurika mu mikino ngororamubiri, Shampiyona ya Afurika mu marushanwa ya Rally na Sunshine Tour . === Ibirori bya Afurika yose === * Imikino ya Afurika * Imikino yo ku mucanga muri Afurika * Imikino y'Urubyiruko rwa Afurika * Imikino ya Para y'Abanyafurika * Imikino ya Kaminuza zo muri Afurika yose * Imikino ya gisirikare ya Afurika * Shampiyona y'Afurika * [[Urutonde rw'abatsindiye imidari muri Afurika mu mikino Olempike]] === Ibirori byo mu karere === * Imikino yo mu nyanja ya Mediterane * Imikino yo ku mucanga wa Mediterane * Imikino y'Abarabu na Shampiyona * Shampiyona ya Afurika y'Amajyaruguru - Shampiyona ya Maghreb * Shampiyona y'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba * Shampiyona ya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba * Shampiyona ya Afurika yo Hagati * Shampiyona y'Afurika y'Amajyepfo * Imikino yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba * Imikino yo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba * Imikino yo muri Afurika yo Hagati * Imikino yo muri Afurika y'Epfo * Imikino yo ku kirwa cy'inyanja y'Ubuhinde ==== Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ==== Icyiciro cya mbere cy'imikino y'Umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (EACoG) (2018). <ref>{{Cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eac.int/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1153:burundi-ready-to-host-rhe-1st-edition-of-the-eac-games&catid=139:culture-sports-news |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=www.eac.int}}</ref> # Imikino y'Umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (EACoG) # Imikino y'Amashuri yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (Imikino ya FEASSSA) # Igikombe cya CECAFA # Imikino n'umuco bya gisirikare bya EAC # Imikino hagati y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya EAC # Imikino y'Amashuri Yisumbye yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba # Imikino ya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba hagati ya Kaminuza n'izindi # Imikino y'abagore muri Kaminuza zo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba # Shampiyona ya Netball yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba # Igikombe cya Rugby cya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (EARC) # Igikombe cya Rugby Super Cup cyo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba # Igikombe cya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba # Shampiyona y'umukino wa Handball muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba # Igikombe cya Cricket cyo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba # Shampiyona ya Volleyball yo ku mucanga muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba # Siporo yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba # Siporo y'Abafite Ubumuga muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ==== Afurika y'Amajyepfo ==== # Imikino yo muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo (Imikino ya CUCSA) <ref>{{Cite web |last=mathieu |date=2020-09-24 |title=CUCSA looks ahead to brighter future |url=https://www.fisu.net/2020/09/25/cucsa-looks-ahead-to-brighter-future/ |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=FISU |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |title=Home |url=https://cucsa.net/ |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=Cucsa |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903230515/https://cucsa.net/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Olempike y'imbeho === Abantu benshi bo mu bihugu by'Afurika bahagarariye ibihugu by'Afurika mu mikino Olempike y'itumba . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Macjob |first=Gbolahan Peter |date=24 February 2018 |title=Africans at the Winter Olympics: Inspirational - or glory-hunters? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-43149991 |access-date=8 March 2018 |work=BBC News}}</ref> == Reba kandi ==   * Imikino ya gisirikare ya Afurika * Ishyirahamwe ry'imikino y'abafite ubumuga muri Afurika * Imikino y'Urubyiruko rwa Afurika * Ishyirahamwe ry'Amashyirahamwe y'Imikino ya Afurika * Ishyirahamwe rya Komite Olempike z'Igihugu za Afurika * Ishyirahamwe ry'Amashyirahamwe ya Siporo ya Kaminuza n'Amashuri Makuru * [[Urutonde rw'abatsindiye imidari muri Afurika mu mikino Olempike]] * Siporo muri Aziya * Siporo mu Burayi * Siporo muri Oseyaniya * Siporo muri Amerika y'Epfo * Siporo muri Amerika ya Ruguru == Isesengura ry'ibitabo == * Bogopa, D. (2001). ”Iterambere rya Siporo: Inzitizi n'ibisubizo muri Afurika y'Epfo”. Mu gitabo cy'impuguke mu by'imibereho y'abantu muri Afurika, vol. 8, No. 1. * Chiweshe, MK (2014). “Ikibazo cy’umupira w’amaguru muri Afurika: Ruswa, n’iterambere (ridahagije) ry’umukino ku mugabane”. Mu gitabo cy’amategeko n’ubucuruzi bya siporo muri Afurika/2014. * Keim, M. na de Coning, C. (umwanditsi) (2014). Politiki ya Siporo n'Iterambere muri Afurika: Ibisubizo by'Ubushakashatsi ku Bibazo byatoranijwe mu Gihugu. Cape Town: Ikigo cy'Ubuhanga mu bya Siporo n'Iterambere (ICESSD), Kaminuza ya Western Cape. * Mwisukha, A. na Mabagala, S. (2011). “Ibibazo by’imiyoborere muri siporo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba”. Inyandiko itarasohoka yatanzwe mu nama mpuzamahanga y’Ishyirahamwe ry’Imicungire ya Siporo muri Afurika yabaye ku ya 2-4 Ukuboza 2011, i Kampala, muri Uganda. Iboneka kuri http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/13541 . * Pannenborg, A. (2010): “Umupira w’amaguru muri Afurika: Ibyagaragaye ku ngaruka za politiki, imari, umuco n’amadini”, NCDO Publication Series Sports & Development. * Steiner, A (2008) “Ingorane zo guteza imbere siporo muri Ghana”, 27 Ukwakira 2008. Iboneka kuri https://www.modernghana.com/news/188252/challenges-of-sports-development-in-ghana.html . == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}}. [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 03ut9rowf2ohz9ojfbadbjrp29k41z8 0 22248 130719 130599 2026-04-21T23:00:43Z Peace Batuma 11826 Ikosora nyandiko 130719 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umuhango wo gushyingura -isanduku mu irimbi.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Gushyingura]] '''Gushyingura''' kuva mu [[Rwanda]] bajyaga kera [[Abanyarwanda]] bafite uko bashyingura ababo babaga bapfuye kuva kera mu bakurambere bari bafite uko babikora ndetse n'[[Imihango y'ubukwe bwa kinyarwanda|imihango]] bakoraga.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/Inkuru-Zicukumbuye/article/kurasa-mu-kirere-mu-gihe-cyo-gushyingura-abasirikare-byavuye-he</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojez84lQyvo</ref> == '''Mu muco''' == Mu muco wacu mu [[Rwanda]] abantu bazima bashimwa n'Imana n'abazimu bacu batazima bakajya kuruhukira muri Muhabura yahabuye abana b'u [[Rwanda]], abajyaga mu muriro ntabwo bari abi [[Rwanda]] rero abajya muri Nyiragongo ihora yaka maze bagashya bagatokombera, mugihe ababaye ibirumirahabiri bacishwa muri kalisimbi bakabanza gukubitwa akanyafu n'ubukonje bwaho amaherezo bakazabona kujyanwa mu gitaramo cy'Abakuru b'i [[Rwanda]] muri Muhabura .<ref name=":1" /> == '''Imihango''' == kera iyo bajyaga gushyingura hari imihango y’ikitegererezo bakoraga mu '''gutsirika [[umuzimu]]''' aribyo '''Guhambanwa ikara''' Umuntu wapfaga atarashatse cyangwa atarabyaye, akenshi yahambanwaga '''ikara''' '''.'''<ref name=":1">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/sobanukirwa-neza-umuntu-uhambanwa-ikara-mu-muco-nyarwanda</ref> == '''Ikara''' == Ibi byakorwaga kugira ngo umuzimu we utazagaruka guteza amahane mu muryango kandi byafatwaga nk’ikosa ry’umuryango kuba uwo muntu yaragejeje igihe cyo gushaka ntibabimufashemo, bityo bakamutsirika ngo atazaza kubishyuza.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/Inkuru-Zicukumbuye/article/kurasa-mu-kirere-mu-gihe-cyo-gushyingura-abasirikare-byavuye-he</ref> == '''Inkuba''' == Kera uwakubiswe n’inkuba mbere yo gushyingura uwishwe n’[[inkuba]], habanzaga gukorwa imihango yo '''kugangahura''' no kuraguza kugira ngo bamenye icyateye icyo kiza.<ref name=":0" /> == '''Inyama''' == Kirazira ku kiriyo byaraziraga kurya [[inyama]] mu kiriyo cy’uwapfuye, kuko byafatwaga nko kurya intumbi cyangwa se umurambo w'uwapfuye.<ref name=":0" /> == '''Kwera no kwirabura''' == * '''Kwirabura no Kwera''' nyuma yo gushyingura, umuryango wabaga uri mu gihe cyo '''kwirabura''' mbese kubabara. Iyo icyo gihe cyarangiraga, hakorwaga umuhango wo '''Kwera''', aho abantu basubiraga mu buzima busanzwe bakava mu gahinda. * '''Icyubahiro cy'umupfu''' nubwo uburyo bwo gushyingura bwahindutse, umuco wo kubaha uwaye mu muryango no gushaka ko "aruhukira mu mahoro" uracyakomeje no mu mategeko n'imyemerere y'ubu.<ref name=":0" /> == '''Amashakiro''' == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] 606eic1x2pb3vam97l4phc9kvnsxzjb 0 22358 130737 129828 2026-04-22T10:06:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130737 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Palm Sunday in the Philippines 27.jpg|thumb|umunsi wa Mashami]] '''Umunsi wa Mashami''' ni [[umunsi]] mukuru w'abakirisitu wizihizwa ku cyumweru kibanziriza [[Pasika]], ni umunsi w'izihizwa n[[Kiliziya Gatolika|'idini ya kiliziya gatolike]]. uyu munsi ufatwa nk'intangiriro y'Icyumweru Gitagatifu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://amizero.rw/inkomoko-yumunsi-mukuru-wa-mashami-nububabare-bwa-nyagasani-ubanziriza-pasika/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-22 |archive-date=2026-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260421095004/https://amizero.rw/inkomoko-yumunsi-mukuru-wa-mashami-nububabare-bwa-nyagasani-ubanziriza-pasika/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == '''Imikindo''' == ni umunsi wizihizwa mu rwego rwo kwibuka igihe Yezu Kristu yinjiraga mu mugi wa Yeruzalemu nk'umwami, abemera bitwaza amashami y'imikindo mu gutambagira, bashaka kwigana uko abantu ba kera bakiriye Yezu bayasanza mu nzira no kuyazunguza mu kirere bamusingiza.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ibibazo-abantu-bakunda-kwibaza-ku-munsi-mukuru-wa-mashami-154552</ref><ref>https://www.nyundodiocese.info/Homelies/inyigisho-yicyumweru-cya-mashami-umwaka-c-tariki-13-mata-2025</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] h7x6lc4544hlqvqifpq1ztxlvld4bcq 0 22508 130727 130617 2026-04-22T07:13:21Z Baraka official 17008 Gukosora Imyandikire 130727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q139490568}}'''[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside|URWIBUTSO]] RWA [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|JENOSIDE]] YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU 1994 MUSANGE''' Uru ni [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside|urwibutso]] ruherereye mu ntara y'amajyepfo mu karere ka Nyamagabe,umurenge wa Musange,akagari ka Jenda mucyahoze ari komine Musange<ref>https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/musange-hatangirijwe-ku-rwego-rwintara-kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-30-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-mu-1994</ref>. '''AMATEKA YARANZE MUSANGE MBERE YA [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|JENOSIDE]]''' Mbere nambere abaturajye bari bunze ubumwe bahahirana, ndetse bagashyingirana.Nyuma yuko [[Grégoire Kayibanda|Gregoire KAYIBANDA]] agiriye k'ubutegetsi nka perezida waranzwe namacakubiri nironda karere mu butegetsi bwe akaza guhirikwa kubutegetsi na [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Juvenil HABYARIMANA]] ariko utaragize icyo ahindura mu miyoborere ye. Kimwe n'ahandi mugihugu hakomeje gutozwa interahamwe ndetse no kubiba amacakubiri agamije kwangisha Abahutu [[Abatutsi|Abatutsi.]] Aha ni hamwe mugihugu hageragerejwe jenoside mu myaka 1959-1963<ref>https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/news-detail/kwibuka30-min-dr-bizimana-yagaragaje-ibyaranzwe-itegurwa-rya-jenoside-ku-gikongoro</ref> '''MUGIHE CYA JENOSIDE''' Bitewe nuko Musange ari ahantu himisozi miremire ,[[amashyamba]] nibihuru. Ibi byatumaga Interahamwe zitwika ibihuru n'amazu ngo hatagira nuwihisha ,bamwe bahungiraga mu mashuri abanza nka Masagara na MUSANGE tutibagiwe no munsengero nka [[ADEPR Rwanda|ADPR]] Masizi na Centarali gatorika[[Catholic Relief Services|(catholic)]] ya Masagara, gusa interahamwe nabasirikare ba egisi fari(Ex-FAR) barahabasangaga bakabatsemba. Gusa nyuma yibizazane byose hari bamwe baharokokeye bahishwe nabahutu bari bafite umutima wa kimumuntu ndetse nabafuraguritse mpaka barokotse. '''NYUMA YA JENOSIDE''' Abaharokokeye ntibasigajwe inyuma namateka ubu bafatanya nabandi mu kubaka u Rwanda. Nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]], abayikoze bakemera ibyaha bagasaba nimbabazi barakatiwe n'nkiko gacaca<ref>https://www.minijust.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minijust/Official_gazettes_2/______________________2008_Official_Gazettes/Official_Gazette_no_11_of_01.06.2008.pdf</ref> ndetse bamwe baranafunguwe Murwego rwo gusigasira ayo mateka no kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] cyane cyane murubyiruko hubatswe. urwibatso muri 2004 rwo gushyinguramo imibiri mucyubahiro. Ruza kuvugururwa mu mwaka wa 2018 kugeza 2019 rutahwa kumugaragaro<ref>https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/musange-hatangirijwe-ku-rwego-rwintara-kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-30-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-mu-1994</ref>. Kurubu Ruruhukiyemo imibiri yabarenga 26,000. Buri mwaka , hamwe nigihugu cyose abatuye musange bifatanya nabandi mukwibuka inzirakarengane zazize Jenoside. <references /> qf5qdqo1v5du8j16ysy71mwtk7cmuq1 0 22521 130720 2026-04-22T00:20:15Z Niyigaba.05 17909 Created page with "'''Singita Kwitonda Lodge and Kataza House:''' ni amahoteli y' ubukerarugendo aherereye mu karere ka musanze,mu murenge wa kinigi ,kumbibi z'ibirunga. iyi hoteli ifatwa nkiyi icyiciro cyo hejuru cyane bimenyerewe nka hoteli y' inyenyeri 5 (5-star hotel) uyu mushinga wa amahoheli watangijwe ni umuyobozi mukuru luke bailes .singita kwitonda lodge and kataza house yafunguwe kumugaragaro tariki 1 kanama 2019 na perezida wa repubulika paul kagame" 130720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Singita Kwitonda Lodge and Kataza House:''' ni amahoteli y' ubukerarugendo aherereye mu karere ka musanze,mu murenge wa kinigi ,kumbibi z'ibirunga. iyi hoteli ifatwa nkiyi icyiciro cyo hejuru cyane bimenyerewe nka hoteli y' inyenyeri 5 (5-star hotel) uyu mushinga wa amahoheli watangijwe ni umuyobozi mukuru luke bailes .singita kwitonda lodge and kataza house yafunguwe kumugaragaro tariki 1 kanama 2019 na perezida wa repubulika paul kagame pshkabiwb9ovik97lrhf09mq671cpmx