Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1784 132247 132207 2026-06-19T10:55:19Z Ikirezi Hornella 18415 132247 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Germany map.gif|thumb|ikarita y'ubudage]] [[Dosiye:Reichstag pano.jpg|thumb|abadage]] '''Abadage''' ni abaturage baba mu gihugu cy'[[Ubudage]] giherereye kumugabane w'[[Uburayi]] byumwihariko muburayi bwohagati , umuturage umwe wu budage yitwa umudage naho abadage benshi bitwa abadage. == IMIKORANIRE == Abadage babashoramari bakorera mu Rwanda, babinyujije mw'ibaruwa yandikiwe ibiro by'[[Ubudage]] bishinzwe ububanyi n'amahanga (Auswärtiges Amt), bigendanye n'ikibazo cya viza cyatewe n'iyirukanwa ry'Abadipolomate<ref name=":0">https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/sosiyete-z-abadage-zikorera-mu-rwanda-zibangamiwe-n-uko-abanyarwanda-bazikorera-batabona-viza-z-icyo-gihugu</ref>b'Abadage birukankwe mu Rwanda, kandi aribo bari bafite munshingano ibijyanye no gusaba no gutanga visa za Schengen, bagaragaza ko abazishaka bajya kuri ambasade y'[[Ubudage]] iri i [[Nairobi]]. Abasinye kuri iyo baruwa bagaragaje ko batewe impungenge n'umubano mu bya politiki, utameze neza hagati y'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Ubudage]], banasaba ko ibiro by'ububanye n'amahanga byakongera gukorera mu Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /> U Rwanda rufatwa nk'umufatanyabikorwa utanga icyizere mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, kuko arigihugu gifite intego yo kuba ihuriro ry'ikoranabuhanga mu karere (Regional IT hub), kandi rugasabwa gukorana na sosiyete zituruka mu mahanga kugira ngo rushobore kugera ku ntego rwihaye. <ref>https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/sosiyete-z-abadage-zikorera-mu-rwanda-zibangamiwe-n-uko-abanyarwanda-bazikorera-batabona-viza-z-icyo-gihugu</ref> == UMUBANO WA POLITIKE == Umubano wa dipolomasi hagati y'u Rwanda n'Ubudage watangiye mu mwaka w'i 1962, aho kuva icyo gihe ibihugu byombi byemeranyije kugirana umubano ushingiye kubwizerane ubufatanye n'ubucuti. Buri myaka ibiri, ibihugu byombi bigirana ibiganiro by'ihariye biga kubutwererane mw'iterambere.<ref>https://www.rwandaingermany.gov.rw/cooperation</ref> {{stub}} [[Dosiye:Flag of Germany (2004 World Factbook).gif|center|thumb|320x320px|Flag of Germany]] == == * [[Jenoside y’Abayahudi]] [[Category:Abadage| ]] [[Category:Umuryango]] i6fw776ccuuw2wyrdvc6f5m2foamdya 0 3011 132225 112808 2026-06-18T14:52:01Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 impinduka 132225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ഞാറുനടീൽ.jpg|thumb|UBUHINZI]] [[Dosiye:Guhinga.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi]] '''AMIS''' cyangwa '''amis''' (izina mu Cyongereza ''AMIS, Agriculture Management Information System '' ) ni uburyo cg ikaba n'urubuga rwo guhererekanya amakuru ku bantu bose bari mu buhinzi n'ubworozi.[https://amis.minagri.gov.rw/login] * [[Dosiye:Sustainable Agriculture Practice, Rangunia, Chittagong 01.JPG|thumb|ubuhinzi'''AMASHAKIRO;''']][https://web.archive.org/web/20110216014950/http://www.amis.minagri.gov.rw/rw/content/uburyo-bwo-gukusanya-no-gukwirakwiza-amakuru-ajyanye-nubuhinzi-nubworozi amis.minagri.gov.rw] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] gotlc5uth7w1wrhhnmiwpxdhscsph2d 0 4156 132234 125960 2026-06-19T02:11:11Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132234 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AFDB Logo.png|thumb|350px|<span style="color:grey;">Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere</span>]] '''Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere''' (BAD, ''Banque Africaine De Développement'' ) ni ikigo mpuzabihugu nyafurika gitsura amajyembere, gifite icyicaro gikuru mu mujyi wa [[Abidjan]], mu gihugu cya [[Kote Divuwari|Cote d'Ivoire]], guhera muri Nzeri 2014.<ref>https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100032429</ref><ref>http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/flag-raising-ceremony-marks-afdbs-return-to-its-official-headquarters-in-cote-divoire-13474/</ref> Banki y'iterambere ry'Afurika ni ikigega gitanga inguzanyo kuri leta z'Afurika n'ibigo byigenga bishora imari mu bihugu bigize akarere.<ref>https://www.devex.com/news/sponsored/african-development-bank-on-the-move-84268</ref> Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1964 n'umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika, ari na wo wabimburiye ubumwe bw'Afurika. Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere igizwe n'ibigo bitatu aribyo Banki '''Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere''', I'''kigega Nyafurika Gishinzwe Iterambere''' na '''Nigeria Trust Fund'''.<ref>https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/african-development-bank.asp</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201026173047/https://www.greengrowthknowledge.org/organization/african-development-bank-afdb</ref> == Intego == Inshingano ya AfDB ni ukurwanya ubukene no kunoza imibereho ku mugabane, binyuze mu guteza imbere ishoramari ry'imari ya leta n'ibigo byigenga binyuze mu mishinga na gahunda zishobora kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza y'akarere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hha-online.org/hso/partner/african-development-bank |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-11-08 |archive-date=2013-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121235140/http://www.hha-online.org/hso/partner/african-development-bank |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.devex.com/organizations/african-development-bank-afdb-19838</ref> AfDB kandi ishyigikira gahunda zo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara.<ref>https://www.greenclimate.fund/ae/afdb</ref> == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == [[Category:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Category:Amabanki]] p3bb79ps0h8v50ipdvurdf6wp6jz1tv 0 5505 132219 132197 2026-06-18T14:07:27Z Alexa-Nicky 13361 132219 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:AdiyamanView.jpg|thumb]] Adıyaman ni umujyi uri mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Turukiya]]. Ni ikigo cy'ubuyobozi cy'Intara y' Adıyaman n'Akarere k'Adıyaman.Abaturage baho basaga ibihumbi magabiri na mirongwikenda na maganinani mirongwinani nabatatu {290.883} (2024).Abaturage b'uyu mujyi biganjemo Abakurdi. Uyu mujyi ni umwe mu yagizweho ingaruka cyane n'imitingito ya Turukiya na [[Siriya]] yo muri Gashyantare 2023. Inyubako nyinshi zarasenyutse kandi abantu benshi barapfa kuberako ikirere cyari kibi no kwangirika kw'ibikorwa remezo by'ubwikorezi byatinze kuhagera kw'amatsinda y'ubutabazi. <u>'''Inkomoko y’izina'''</u> Abashakashatsi benshi bemeranya ko izina rya kera ry’umujyi, ''Hisn-Mansur'' (rikomoka ku Cyarabu ''ḥiṣn'' risobanura “igihome” cyangwa “ikigo cy’umutekano”), risobanura “Igihome cya Mansur”. Iri zina rifitanye isano na '''Mansur bin Jawana''', wari umuyobozi wo ku ngoma y’Abamayyade (Umayyad). Amateka agaragaza ko yiciwe muri aka karere mu mwaka wa 758, igihe cy’intambara n’impinduka zikomeye zabaye hagati y’ingoma y’Abamayyade n’Ababbasiyide. Yishwe ku butegetsi bwa Califa w’Ababbasiyide witwaga '''Al-Mansur''', wari umaze gushimangira ubutegetsi bushya bw’Ababbasiyide. Izina ''Hisn-Mansur'' ryari risanzwe rikoreshwa mu nyandiko z’amateka n’inyandiko z’ubuyobozi zo muri icyo gihe, bigaragaza ko aho hantu hashoboraga kuba hari igihome cyangwa ikigo cya gisirikare cyitiriwe uwo muyobozi. Uko imyaka yagiye ishira, imivugire y’iryozina yarahindutse bitewe n’indimi n’umuco w’abaturage baho. Kubera ko ''Hisn-Mansur'' byasabaga imivugire igoye ku bantu bamwe, ryagiye ryoroshywa mu mvugo ya buri munsi, riza kuvamo ''Semsur''. Iyi mpinduka isanzwe iboneka mu mateka y’indimi, aho amazina y’ahantu agenda ahindurwa n’imivugire y’abaturage bayatuye. Nubwo iyi ari yo nyigisho yemerwa cyane, hari n’ibindi bitekerezo bivuga ko izina rishobora kuba rifite inkomoko itandukanye—nk’aho ryakomoka ku yandi magambo ya kera cyangwa ku mazina y’uturere twari duhari mbere. Icyakora, ibyo bitekerezo ntibirabona ibimenyetso bihagije by’amateka cyangwa ibyanditswe byabishyigikira, bityo bigakomeza kuba ari inyigisho zidafite gihamya ihamye. == '''Amateka''' == Aho umujyi uherereye hambere hari umudugudu wa kera witwaga '''Perrhe''', wari umwe mu mijyi y’ingenzi y’ubwami bwa '''Commagene'''. Nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’ubwo bwami, Perrhe yinjiye mu bwami bw’'''Roman Empire''', hanyuma iza kuba igice cy’'''Byzantine Empire'''. Mu gihe cy’Abaroma n’abaByzantine, uyu mujyi wari uzwi nk’ahantu h’ingenzi mu by’ubucuruzi no mu bya gisirikare, bitewe n’aho wari uherereye hafi y’Uruzi rwa Efurate. Mu kinyejana cya karindwi, umujyi wafashwe n’Abarabu maze witwa ''Hisn Mansur'' (“Igihome cya Mansur”). Kubera ko wari ku mupaka uhana imbibi hagati y’ubutegetsi bwa '''Abbasid Caliphate''' n’ubwa Byzantine, wagize akamaro gakomeye mu bya gisirikare. Umujyi wari uzengurutswe n’urukuta rukomeye rufite amarembo atatu, kandi wari ufite umuyoboro w’amazi wafashaga mu kuwurinda no mu mibereho y’abaturage. Hagati mu mujyi hari igihome gifite inkuta ebyiri, cyubatswe mu rwego rwo kurushaho kuwukingira ibitero. Mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya cumi na kimwe, umujyi wari mu rwego rw’ingabo za Byzantine mu karere ka Efurate, hamwe n’indi mijyi irimo '''Edessa''', Gargar, '''Samosata''' na Chasanara. Ibi byagaragazaga akamaro k’uyu mujyi mu kugenzura inzira z’ubucuruzi n’iz’ingabo muri ako karere. Mu mwaka wa 1066/1067, agace kegereye umujyi kasahuwe n’umutware w’Abanyaturukiya witwaga '''Gümüştekin''', wafashe iminyago n’imbohe. Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya cumi na kimwe, ubutegetsi bwa Byzantine bwari bwaracitse intege muri aka karere, maze umujyi ushyirwa mu maboko y’umutegetsi w’Umuraymeni witwaga '''Kogh Vasil'''. Ibi byerekana uko ubutegetsi bwagiye buhindagurika muri ako gace mu bihe by’intambara n’impinduka zikomeye za politiki zo mu kinyejana cya cumi na kimwe. == '''Imibare y’abaturage''' == Abaturage b’umujyi wa '''Adıyaman''' biganjemo Abakurdi. Ubushakashatsi ku miterere y’abaturage mu ntara za Turukiya zituwe n’Abakurdi bugaragaza ko Adıyaman iri mu karere kagari k’Uburasirazuba bw’Amajyepfo ya '''Turkey''', aho Igikurdi ari ururimi ruvugwa n’abaturage benshi. Inyigo zerekeye indimi n’imibereho y’abaturage zigaragaza ko ururimi rwa Kurmanji (ruzwi kandi nka Ruguru rwa Kurdi) ari rwo rukoreshwa cyane muri iyo ntara. Uretse Igikurdi, ururimi rw’Igiturukiya na rwo rukoreshwa cyane, cyane cyane mu nzego z’ubuyobozi, uburezi n’itangazamakuru. Ibi bituma abaturage benshi baba bafite ubushobozi bwo kuvuga indimi ebyiri (Igikurdi n’Igiturukiya), bigaragaza imiterere y’indimi ebyiri (bilingualism) igaragara muri ako karere. Imiterere y’abaturage ba Adıyaman igaragaza amateka n’umuco by’akarere ka Anatolia y’amajyepfo, aho amoko n’indimi zitandukanye byagiye bibana kandi bikuzuzanya mu gihe cy’amateka. == Ahantu nyaburanga == === Mount Nemrut === Umusozi wa Nemrut ni wo uzwi cyane mu bukerarugendo bw’akarere ka '''Adıyaman'''. Uherereye mu majyaruguru y’umujyi, ukaba uzwi ku isi kubera ibishusho binini by’amabuye n’amatongo y’Ubwami bwa kera bwa Commagene. Ibi bishusho byubatse ku mpinga y’umusozi mu kinyejana cya mbere mbere ya Yezu, bikaba bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi baturutse hirya no hino ku isi. === Pirin Cave (Perrhe ya kera) === Ubuvumo bwa Pirin, buzwi kandi nk’aho umujyi wa kera wa '''Perrhe''' wari uherereye, buri nko ku birometero 5 uvuye mu mujyi wa Adıyaman. Aha hantu hakoreshejwe nk’ahantu ho gushyingura mu gihe cy’imyaka ibihumbi ishize. Haracyaboneka amatongo y’umujyi wa kera hamwe n’imva zacukuwe mu rutare, zigaragaza umuco n’imihango yo gushyingura y’icyo gihe. === Kiliziya y’Aba-Orthodox bo muri Siriya === Adıyaman ni ho hari kiliziya rukumbi ikora mu Ntara ya Adıyaman, ikaba ari ihuriro ry’abapadiri n’abakirisitu b’'''Syriac Orthodox Church''' bo muri ako karere. Iyi kiliziya yavuguruwe maze yongera gufungurwa ku mugaragaro mu mwaka wa 2012, ikomeza kuba ikimenyetso cy’umuco n’amateka y’abakirisitu b’Abasiriya (Syriac) batuye muri aka gace. == '''Uturere (Neighbourhoods)''' == Umujyi wa '''Adıyaman''' ugizwe n’uturere (quarters) 33. Muri two harimo: * '''Altınşehir''' * '''Yenimahalle''' * '''Esentepe''' Utwo turere tugize ibice by’ingenzi by’imiturire y’umujyi, tugahuriza hamwe ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi, serivisi rusange n’imiturire y’abaturage. == '''Uburezi''' <ref>https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=H&m=ADIYAMAN </ref> == Mu rwego rw’amashuri makuru, '''Adıyaman University''' ni yo kaminuza rukumbi ikorera mu ntara ya '''Adıyaman'''. Yashinzwe mu kinyejana cya 21, ikaba itanga amasomo atandukanye mu by’ubumenyi rusange, ubuvuzi, uburezi n’ubuhanga, kandi igira uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere ry’akarere. Ku rwego rw’amashuri yisumbuye, umujyi ufite amashuri azwiho gutsindisha neza no gutanga ireme ry’uburezi. Muri ayo harimo: * '''Adıyaman Science High School''' * '''Esentepe Anatolian High School''' * '''Altınşehir Anatolian High School''' Aya mashuri azwiho kwigisha amasomo y’ubumenyi n’indimi ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi ategura abanyeshuri gukomeza amashuri makuru imbere mu gihugu no mu mahanga. == Ikirere<ref>https://emlakkulisi.com/mor-petrus-mor-paulus-kilisesi-restore-edilerek-ibadete-acildi/143476 </ref> == Umujyi wa '''Adıyaman''' ufite ikirere cyo mu bwoko bwa Mediterane gishyushye (Csa) hakurikijwe imiterere ya '''Köppen''' na '''Trewartha''', gihura kandi n’imiterere imwe n’imwe y’umugabane. * '''Impeshyi:''' Irangwa n’ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane kandi bwumye. Ubushyuhe bukunze kugera kuri 40 °C (104 °F), naho ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bw’ikirenga bwabonywe ku ya 30 Nyakanga 2000 bwageze kuri 45.3 °C (113.5 °F). * '''Icyi:''' Imbeho irakabije, cyane cyane kubera ko umujyi uri imbere mu gihugu kandi ufite ubutumburuke buhagije. Imvura nyinshi igwa mu gihe cy’itumba. Ubushyuhe bwo hasi bw’ikirenga bwabonywe ku ya 24 Mutarama 1972 bwari −14.4 °C (6.1 °F). Ibi biranga ikirere bituma Adıyaman igira impinduka zikomeye z’ubushyuhe hagati y’ibihe by’impeshyi n’icyi, bigaragaza ibihe by’ikirere bihariye by’akarere ka Anatolia y’amajyepfo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration</ref> == Umwihariko == Umusozi wa Nemrut[mount Nemrut],ufite ibishusho binini by'amabuye byubatswe n'ubwami bw'a commagene imyaka irenga 2,000 ishize. Nihamwe mu hantu hasurwa cyane muri turukiya kanda hair ku rutonde rwa UNESCO. ==== ''AMASHAKIRO'' ==== [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] c2e8psaze2ggj65su0syyz7mng1720r 0 8524 132211 132180 2026-06-18T12:54:14Z IGANZE 11347 132211 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Maasai boys in hunting gear.jpg|thumb|Abahigi]] [[Dosiye:Lutte traditionnelle rw.jpg|thumb|Gukirana|177x177px]] [[Dosiye:Maasai Beachgoers.jpg|thumb|abamasai|176x176px]] [[Dosiye:Maasai woman with stretched ears.jpg|thumb|Maasai woman with stretched ears]] [[Dosiye:Maasai tribe.jpg|thumb|Maasai tribe]] [[Dosiye:Maasai Man.jpg|thumb|Umumasayi wumugabo]] [[Dosiye:Young Maasai Warrior.jpg|thumb|Akana kirwanyi yabamasayi]] [[Dosiye:Maasai, Sikolio Boys.jpg|thumb|Maasai, Sikolio Boys]] [[Dosiye:Maasai Beachgoers.jpg|thumb|Maasai Beachgoers]] [[Dosiye:Maasai collect wood.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye bari gutashya]] [[Dosiye:Maasai men walking in the countryside.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:Maasai people lighting a fire in a Maasai village on the A109 road, Kenya.jpg|thumb|Kwatsa umuriro]] [[Dosiye:Traditional Maasai With Christmas Hat.jpg|thumb|Umumasayi]] [[Dosiye:Maasai People-2.jpg|thumb|abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:Mama Yeyoo (maasai Women) 03.jpg|thumb|Mama Yeyoo (maasai Women) ]] [[Dosiye:Maasai People-3.jpg|thumb|Maasai People]] [[Dosiye:Maasai People-1.jpg|thumb|Maasai People]] [[Dosiye:Ritual paintings on the face of a young Maasai after a circumcision ritual.jpg|thumb|Umumasaye]] [[Dosiye:Bodymodmassai.jpg|thumb|Umumasaye]] [[Dosiye:Maasai People.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:Maasai men throwing spears.jpg|thumb|Maasai men throwing spears]] [[Dosiye:Maasai people in a village on the A109 road, Kenya.jpg|thumb|Maasai people in a village ]] [[Dosiye:Maasai people.jpg|thumb|Maasai people]] [[Dosiye:Masai woman-child.jpg|thumb|Masai woman-child]] [[Dosiye:Maasai man riding a motorcycle (close up).jpg|thumb|gutwara moto]] [[Dosiye:Ngorongoro, Tanzania - Maasai people.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:Maasai people in a village on the A109 road, Kenya 3.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:Maasai people from Amboseli.jpg|thumb|Maasai people from Amboseli]] [[Dosiye:Maasai women (46869984795).jpg|thumb|Abagore babamasaye]] [[Dosiye:Maasai Tribe Kenya.jpg|thumb|Maasai Tribe Kenya]] [[Dosiye:Maasai people at a hotel.jpg|thumb|Maasai people at a hotel]] [[Dosiye:LifeJanja 09.jpg|thumb|Umumasaye]] [[Dosiye:Masai boy and man with dog.jpg|thumb|Masai boy and man with dog]] [[Dosiye:The Journey Home - 6.09pm.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:Maasai dance.jpg|thumb|Imbyino]] [[Dosiye:Maasai Man, Kenya (23661389564).jpg|thumb|Umumasaye]] [[Dosiye:LifeJanja 05.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:Indoor Dance by Maasai people.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:People massai.jpg|thumb|People massai]] [[Dosiye:People massai Tanzania.jpg|thumb|People massai Tanzania]] [[Dosiye:The Maasai Market Shukas.jpg|thumb|The Maasai Market Shukas]] [[Dosiye:Femmes Masai en Mouvement 2.jpg|thumb|Femmes Masai en Mouvement ]] [[Dosiye:الماساى.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:قبائل الماساى.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:ثقافة سكان الماسايا.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:Maasai Modern Culture.JPG|thumb|Maasai Modern Culture]] [[Dosiye:LifeJanja 07.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:Tanzania massai.jpg|thumb|Tanzania massai]] [[Dosiye:Masai women.jpg|thumb|Maasai women and children]] [[Dosiye:People in Tanzania 2192 Nevit.jpg|thumb|Maasai women and children]] [[Dosiye:Maasai women and children.jpg|thumb|Maasai women and children]] [[Dosiye:Masai village, Amboseli National Park 2010 10.JPG|thumb|Maasai women and children]] [[Dosiye:Maasai Mothers.jpg|thumb|Maasai Mothers]] [[Dosiye:Maasai mother and child (5762334171).jpg|thumb|Maasai Mothers]] '''Abamasayi''' ni ubwoko bw' abantu batuye mu majyaruguru, hagati no mu majyepfo ya [[Kenya]] no mu majyaruguru ya [[Tanzaniya]]. [[Dosiye:Maasai_People_Tanzania.jpg|thumb|Abamasayi bo muri ple Tanzania|212x212px]] [[Dosiye:Jinalaku nani?.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:LifeJanja 01.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:2015-06-15 Maasai guide shoots a traditional hunting bow and arrow during a walking safari, Ol Kinyei Conservancy in the Maasai Mara, Kenya 0042.jpg|thumb|Kumasha]] Bari mu baturage bazwi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera aho batuye hafi ya parike nyinshi z’imikino yo mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari|biyaga bigari bya Afurika]], n'imigenzo yabo n'imyambarire yabo. <ref name="b">[http://www.bluegecko.org/kenya/tribes/maasai/ Maasai - Introduction] Jens Fincke, 2000–2003</ref> Abamasayi bavuga ururimi rwa Maa (ɔl Maa), rumwe mu zigize umuryango w’ururimi rwa Nilotic ufitanye isano n’indimi za Dinka, Kalenjin na Nuer . Usibye abasaza bamwe baba mu cyaro, abamasayi benshi bavuga indimi zemewe za Kenya na Tanzaniya, [[Igiswahili|Igiswahiri]] [[Icyongereza|n'Icyongereza]] .  [[Abamasayi]] ibarura ryo muri 2019 ryagaragaje ko muri Kenya bangana na 1.189.522, ugereranyije ni 377.089 mw ibarura ryo 1989. Reta za Tanzania na [[Kenya]] byatangije gahunda yo gushishikariza abamasayi kureka gakondo yabo ubuzima burangwa no guhora bimuka, ariko aba bakomeje imigenzo yabo yacyera. Amoko menshi ya abamasayi muri Tanzaniya na Kenya yishimira kwakira abashyitsi mu midugudu yabo kugira ngo bamenye umuco wabo, imigenzo, n'imibereho yabo, kugira ngo babone amafaranga. == Amateka == Abamasayi batuye mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari|karere k'ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika]] bahageze banyuze muri Sudani y'Amajyepfo . <ref name="Okothndaloh">A. Okoth & A. Ndaloh, ''Peak Revision K.C.P.E. Social Studies'', East African, p.60–61.</ref> Benshi mu bavuga ururimi rwa Nilotic muri kariya gace, barimo abamasayi, abaTurukana na abaKalenjini, ni abashumba, kandi bazwiho igitinyiro cyane kubera ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuba indwanyi no gukirana n' amatungo. abamasayi n'andi matsinda yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba bakiriye imigenzo n'imico bivuye mu matsinda aturanye nabo avuga ururimi rwigi Cushitike, harimo gahunda yo gushyiraho imyaka y'amashyirahamwe mboneza mubano, [[Gusiramura|gukebwa]], n'imvugo. <ref name="Collins">Robert O. Collins, ''The southern Sudan in historical perspective'', (Transaction Publishers: 2006), p.9–10.</ref> <ref name="Wandi">S. Wandibba et al., p.19–20.</ref> === Inkomoko, kwimuka no kwivanga nandi moko === [[File:Maasai_man,_Eastern_Serengeti,_October_2006.jpg|right|thumb|Umugabo w' umumasayi|155x155px]] Dukurikije amateka yabo yajyiye ahererekanwa mu mvugo, Abamasayi bakomotse mu kibaya cyo hepfo ya [[Nili]] mu majyaruguru y’ikiyaga cya Turkana (mu majyaruguru y’Uburengerazuba bwa Kenya) maze batangira kwimukira mu majyepfo ahagana mu kinyejana cya 15, bagera mu gice kinini cy’ubutaka buva mu majyaruguru y' icyahoze ari Kenya kugeza ubu kikaba ari Tanzaniya hagati yikinyejana cya 17 na nyuma yikinyejana cya 18. Amoko menshi yari yaramaze gushinga [[imidugudu]] muri kariya karere yimuwe ku gahato n' Abamasayi bari bahagezee, mugihe abandi, cyane cyane amatsinda y’Abashushitike bo mumajyepfo, yinjiye mu muryango w' Abamasayi . Abakurambere ba Nilotic baba Kalenjin nabo bakiriye bamwe mubaturage baba Cushitike. <ref>International Labour Office, ''Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: emerging trends'', (International Labour Organization: 2000), p.55.</ref> === Gutura muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba === [[Dosiye:Maasai woman with stretched ears.jpg|thumb|Masayi|228x228px]] Ifasi y' Abamasayi yageze ku bunini bwayo bushoboka hagati mu kinyejana cya 19,yaragendaga ikajyera mu kibaya kinini cya Rifuti ndetse n’ubutaka bwari buteganye nacyo ku musozi wa Marsabit mu majyaruguru kugera i [[Dodoma]] mu majyepfo. Muri iki gihe, Abamasayi , kimwe n'itsinda rinini ry' aba Nilotic bose babaga aho, borora inka kuva iburasirazuba ukajyenda ukagera ku nkombe za Tanga muri Tanganyika (ubu ni muri Tanzaniya). ibisambo byakoreshaga amacumu n'ingabo, ariko byari bitinyitse cyane kubera byari bizi gutera amacumu (orinka) byashoboraga kuyaterara muri metero 100 agahamya ku ntego. Mu 1852, hari raporo ivuga ko abarwanyi 800 b' abamasayi berekeje muri Kenya yubu. Mu 1857, nyuma yo kwuva mu "butayu bwa Wakuafi" mu cyahoze ari mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Kenya, abarwanyi babamasayi basatiriye Mombasa ku nkombe za Kenya. [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_105-DOA0556,_Deutsch-Ostafrika,_Massaikrieger.jpg|thumb|Abarwanyi babamasayi muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba y' abadage, c. 1906–1918|160x160px]] Kubera kwimuka, abamasayi ni bo bavuga cyane ururimi rw' abanyaNilotic yepfo . Igihe cyo kwaguka cyakurikiwe na Maasai "Emutai" yo mu 1883–1902. Iki gihe cyaranzwe n ibyorezo nka contegious bovine pleuropneumonia, rinderpest (reba 1890 African rinderpest epizootic ), n'ubushita . Ikigereranyo cyashyizwe ahagaragara bwa mbere n’umu liyetona w’umudage mu cyahoze ari amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Tanganyika, ni uko 90% by’inka na kimwe cya kabiri cy’[[inyamaswa]] zo mu gasozi zazize rinderpest. Abaganga b'Abadage bo muri ako gace bavuze ko "buri segonda" umunyafurika yazanaga ibidomo kwisura biturutse k' ubushita. Iki gihe cyahuriranye n’amapfa. Mu 1897 na 1898 imvura yarabuze burundu. Umushakashatsi wo [[Ositiriya|muri Ositarariya]] Oscar Baumann ubutaka bw' abamasayi hagati y' 1891 ni 1893, maze asobanura ugutura kw' abamasayi mu gace ka Ngorongoro mu gitabo cyo 1894 cyitwa ''Durch Massailand zur Nilquelle'' ("through the lands of massai to the source of Nile"): " Hari abagore bashizemo ari amagufwa yanamye gusa mumaso yabo yuzuye inzara igaragara ... abarwanyi no gukururuka ntibabishoboraga, hamwe nabasaza bintejye nke batagifite na kimwe bitayeho. Ibisiga byinshi byabakurikiranye kuva hejuru, bategereje abahohotewe. " Ugereranyije, bibiri bya gatatu by' abamasayi bapfuye muri iki gihe. [[Dosiye:الماساى.jpg|thumb|183x183px|abamasayi]] Guhera ku masezerano yo mu 1904, akurikirwa n'andi yo mu 1911, ubutaka bwa abamasayi muri Kenya bwagabanutseho 60% igihe Abongereza babirukanaga kugira ngo babone aho bubakira abimukira, nyuma babashyira ahitwa samburu Samburu, Laikipia, Kajiado n' Uturere twa Narok. abamasayi muri Tanganyika (ubu ni Tanzaniya) bimuwe mu butaka burumbuka hagati y'umusozi wa Meru n'umusozi wa Kilimanjaro, ndetse n'imisozi miremire irumbuka hafi ya Ngorongoro mu myaka y' 1940. bambuwe ubutaka bwinshi bujyirwa ibyanya byo kubungabunga ibinyabuzima na parike z’igihugu: Parike y’igihugu ya Amboseli, Parike ya [[Nairobi]], Maasai Mara, Ikigo cy’igihugu cya Samburu, Pariki y’ikiyaga cya Nakuru na Tsavo muri Kenya; n'ikiyaga cya Manyara, Agace ko kubungabunga ibinyabuzima ka Ngorongoro, Tarangire na Parike y'igihugu ya Serengeti ahahoze ari Tanzaniya. abamasayi ni aborozi kandi banze icyifuzo cya guverinoma ya Tanzaniya na Kenya cyo kubahindurira ubuzima. Basabye uburenganzira bwo kuragirira muri parike nyinshi z’igihugu mu bihugu byombi. Abamasayi barwanyije ubucakara kandi babana ninyamaswa nyinshi zo mu gasozi ntabwo bahiga cyangwa ngo barye inyoni. Ubutaka bw' abamasayi ubu bufite uduce twiza two guhingiramo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba. Umuryango w' abamasayii ntiwigeze wihanganira igurishwa ry' abantu, kandi abantu bashakaga abacakara birinze abamasayi. Mubyukuri hari imirenge makumyabiri n' ibiri cyangwa amoko mato yumuryango w' abamasayi, buri umwe ufite imigenzo, isura, ubuyobozi n'imvugo yawo. Iyi mitwe izwi ku izina ry' 'ishyanga' cyangwa 'iloshon' mu rurimi rwa Maa: aba Keekonyokie, Damat, Purko, Wuasinkishu, Siria, Laitayiok, Loitai, Kisonko, Matapato, Dalalekutuk, Loodokolani, Kaputiei, Moitanik, Ilkirasha, Samburu Laikipia, Loitokitoki, Larusa, Salei, Sirinket na Parakuyo. == jenetike == [[Dosiye:Ngorongoro, Tanzania - Maasai people.jpg|thumb|masayi]] Iterambere ryagezweho mu isesengura rishingiye kuri jenetike ryafashije mu kumenya iremwa ry'amok yabamasayi. jenetike ishingiye ku bisekuruza , igikoresho gikoresha gene z'abaturage b' ubu kugirango bakurikirane ubwoko bwabo n’ igice cy' Isi bakomokamo, byafashije kandi gusobanura ahahise h' abamasayi bubu. === ADN ya Autosomal === ADN ya autosomal y' abamasayi yasuzumwe mubushakashatsi bwuzuye bwakozwe na Tishkoff n'abandi. (2009) mu kujyereranya jenetike y' abaturage batandukanye bo muri Afurika. Nk’uko abanditsi b’ubwo bushakashatsi babitangaza ngo abamasyi "bagumyek' umuco wabo imbere y’iterambere ryinshi ry imiterere y ibinyabuzima". Tishkoff n'abandi beerekanye kandi ko: "Benshi mu baturage bavuga ururimi rwa Nilo-Sahara muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, nk' abamasayi, berekana imirimo myinshi iva muri Nilo-Sahara [...] na Cushitike [. . . ] AACs, hajyendewe ku bimenyetso by' indimi kenshi abaNilotic b' injije Abanyakushi kuva mu myaka 3000 ishize kandi ku kigero cyo hejuru bahuje imihindagurikire y' umubiri yabanyafurica y' iburasirazuba yo kwihanganira ikinyabutabire cyo mu mata cyitwa lactose. " === Y-DNA === [[Dosiye:Femmes Masai en Mouvement 2.jpg|thumb|204x204px|femmes masai en mouvement]] Ubushakashatsi kuri Y chromosome bw' akozwe na Wood et al. (2005).ku baturage batandukanye bo munsi y' ubutayu bwa sahara,harimo abamasayi 26 b' abagabo bo muri kenya bapima amasano y' ibisekuruza by' ababyeyi babagabo. Abanditsi barebeye hamwe haplogroup (amatsinda y' abantu bahuje igisekuruza) E1b1b -M35 (ntabwo M78) muri 35% y' abamasayi bapimwe,. E1b1b-M35-M78 muri 15%, abakurambere babo higanjemo abagabo benshi bo majyaruguru ya Cushitike, babayeho hashize imyaka irenga 13 000. Igisekuru cya kabiri cyakanza cyane mubamasyi ni Haplogroup A3b2, ikunze kuboneka mu baturage ba baNilotic, nka Alur ; byagaragaye muri 27% by'abagabo ba abamasayii. Ikimenyetso cya gatatu cy iganza cyane ku turemanyjingo ADN kubabyeyi babagabo mu bamasayi ni E1b1a1-M2 (E-P1), ikunze kugaragara cyane mu karere ka Sahara; yabonetse muri 12% by' ibipimo byafashwe mu bamasayi. Haplogroup B-M60 yagaragaye mu bamasayi 8% , nayo iboneka muri 30% (16/53) yabanyaNilote bo muri Sudani y'Amajyepfo. === ADN ya mitochondial === Nkurikije ubushakashatsi bwa mtDNA bwakozwe na Castri n'abandi. (2008), hapimwe abamasayi muri Kenya, mu gisekuruza cy' ababyeyi babagore babamasayi basanze harimo uruvangitirane cyane, ariko nta tandukaniro rinini nandi moko y' abaturage babaNilo-Hamitic mu karere, nkaba Samburu .mu bamasayi benshi bapimwe bari abo mu matsinda atandukanye ya macro-haplogroup L sub-clade, harimo L0, L2, L3, L4 na L5 . tumwe mu turemanjyingo tw' ababyeyi babagore duturuka muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba natwo baratubonye, cyane cyane ko hari ubwoko bw' ijyisekuruza mtDNA haplogroup M hafi ya 12.5% by'ibipimo byafashwe muba masayii. == Umuco == [[File:Crocuta_vs_Maasai_2.png|left|thumb|Abarwanyi ba Maasai bahanganye nimpyisi, nkuko bafotowe muri wildest ''Africa'' (1907)]] Umuryango w' abamasayi umugabo niwe uba ari umutware muri kamere, aho nabasaza, rimwe na rimwe bifatanya nabasaza bacyuye igihe, bagahitamo ibikorwa byingenzi kuri buri tsinda rya abamasayi. Imbumbe y' amategeko nyamvugo akubiyemo ingingo nyinshi z' imyitwarire. ntabwo bizwi niba hari igihano cyo kwicwa bajyira, kandi mubisanzwe kwishyura inka nibyo bicyemura amakimbirane. Inzira yo hanze yurukiko nayo irakoreshwa yitwa ''amitu'', 'gushaka amahoro' birimo gusaba imbabazi. basenga imana imwe yitwa ''Enkai'' cyangwa ''Engai'' . Engai ifite kamere ebyiri: Engai Narok (Imana Yirabura) ni umugwaneza, naho Engai Na-nyokie (Imana Itukura) n iman y' ihorera. Hariho kandi inkingi ebyiri za societe ya abamasayi: Oodo Mongi, Inka itukura na Orok Kiteng, Inka yumukara igabanijwemo imiryango itanu cyangwa. abamasayi kandi bajyira inyamaswa baziririza, ikaba ntare; ariko, iyo nyamaswa ishobora kwicwa. Uburyo abamasyi bica intare butandukanye no guhiga hagamijwe kwishimisha kuko bikoreshwa mumihango yo kuva mu cyiciro cyimwe ujya mukindi. "Umusozi w'Imana", Ol Doinyo Lengai, uherereye mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya kandi ushobora kuwubona uri ku kiyaga cya Natron mu majyepfo ya Kenya. Umukuru mu myizerere ya kiMasayi ni '''laibon''' mu nshingano ze harimo ubuvuzi bwa gihanga, kuragura no guhanura, no kwemeza intsinzi mu ntambara cyangwa imvura ihagije. Uyu munsi, bafite uruhare rwa politiki rwiyonger kuri izo nshingano zindi kimwe kubera abayobozi. Imbaraga zose laibon yarafite zari zishingiye ku oko yabaga ateye ku giti cye aho gushingira kuri uwo mwanya. Benshi mu bamasayi bayobotse [[Ubukirisitu|ubukristu]] nubuyisilamu . abamasayi kujyira imitako itoroshye kandi mu myaka mirongo, bagurishije uwo mutungo kuri ba mukerarugendo nkubucuruzi. [[File:Maasai_Enkang_and_Hut.JPG|right|thumb|abamasayi n 'abahut kuri bariyeri ya enkang muburasirazuba bwa Serengeti, 2006]] Umubare wo hejuru w’impfu z’abana mu bamasayi watumye abana batamenyekana rwose kugeza bageze ku mezi 3 ''ilapaitin'' . Kwigisha abagore ba bamasayi gukoresha amavuriro n'ibitaro mugihe batwite byatumye impinja nyinshi zibaho.cyeretse mu bice biri kure cyane. Ku bamasayi kubaho ubuzima gakondo, iherezo ryubuzima usanga rwose nta mihango, kandi abapfuye babarecyera aho bakaribwa n' inkongoro . Umurambo wanzwe n' inkongoro ufatwa nkaho ufite imiziro, kandi ufatwa nk' uwateza umwaku; kubwibyo rero,nibisanzwe ko imibiri itwikirwa ibinure n'amaraso bivuye ku kimasa cya kinjwe . <ref name="attitudes">''Cultural and Public Attitudes: Improving the Relationship between Humans and Hyaenas'' from Mills, M.g.L. and Hofer, H. (compilers). (1998) ''Hyaenas: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. vi + 154 pp.''</ref> Gushyingura mu bihe byashize byahariwe abatware bakomeye, kubera ko bakekaga ko byangiza ubutaka. Imibereho gakondo y' abamasayi ishingiye ku nka [[Inka|nka]], zikaba ariyo soko yabo yibanze yibiryo. Ubutunzi bwumugabo bupimirwa ku nka nabana afite. Ubushyo bwinka 50 burubahwa, kandi uko abana baba benshi nibyiza. Umugabo ufite kimwe muri ibi akabura ikindi afatwa nkumucyene. Imyizerere ishingiye ku idini ya' abamasayi ivuga ko Imana yabahaye inka zose zo ku isi, biganisha ku myizerere ivuga ko gushimuta inka mu yandi moko ari uburyo bwo kwisubiza ibyabo mu nzira ziciye mu mucyo, ariko uyu umuco ntabwo umenyerewe cyane. Abamasyi ibyo kurya byose bakenera babibona kunka. Barya inyama, banywa amata buri munsi, kandi banywa amaraso rimwe na rimwe. Ibimasa, ihene, nintama bibagwamo inyama mu bihe bidasanzwe no mumihango. Nubwo ubuzima bwabamasyi bwose bwagiye bushingira ku matungo yabo, vuba aha hamwe n’inka zabo zigenda zigabanuka, abamasayi bakuze batunzwe n’ibiribwa nk'amasaka, umuceri, ibirayi n' amashu (bizwi nabamasayi nk'amababi y'ihene). <ref>Nelson, Jimmy. The Maasai Tribe. Beforethey.com</ref> === Ingaruka zituruka ku mico yo hanze === [[File:Ludzie06(js).jpg|left|thumb|Abagore bamasayi basana inzu muri Maasai Mara (1996)]] [[File:Maasai_man_riding_a_motorcycle_(close_up).jpg|left|thumb|umumasayi atwaye moto (2014)]] Imibereho gakondo yubushumba yarushijeho kuba ingorabahizi kubera gukururwa n' ibijyezweho. Inyandiko ya Garrett Hardin, igaragaza "ibyago bya rubanda rugufi bitewe nubugugu bwa bamwe", ndetse na " cattle complex" ya Melville Herskovits byafashije abashakashatsi ku bidukikije ndetse n’abafata ibyemezo ku byerekeye ingaruka mbi abashumba ba abamasayi bateza akarere ka savannah. Iki gitekerezo cyaje kugaragara ko ari ibinyoma n’abahanga mu bumenyi bwa muntu ariko kiracyashinze imizi mu bitekerezo by’ abashakashatsi mu bidukikije ndetse n’abayobozi ba Tanzaniya. <ref name="Sustain">McCabe, Terrence. (2003). "Sustainability and livelihood diversification among the Maasai of Northern Tanzania". Human Organization. Vol 62.2. pp. 100–111.</ref> Ibi byatumye abafata ibyemezo b’abakoloni babongereza mu 1951 bakura abamasayi bose muri parike y’igihugu ya Serengeti nuko babashyira mu turere two mu gace ka Ngorongoro conservation area (NCA). Gahunda ya NCA yari iyo gushyira inyungu zabamasayi hejuru y'ibindi byose, ariko iri sezerano ntiryigeze ryuzuzwa. Ikwirakwizwa rya virusi itera SIDA ryari ryinshi. Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'abaturage babamasayii, gutakaza umubare w'inka bitewe n indwara, no kubura aho kuziragira kubera imbibi nshya za parike ndetse no gutura mu midugudu no guhinga kw'andi moko, abamasayi bahatiwe guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo kwibeshaho. Benshi muri bo batangiye guhinga [[Ikigori|ibigori]] nibindi bihingwa kugirango babeho, igikorwa bafataga nabi mu muco wabo. <ref name="Sustain">McCabe, Terrence. (2003). "Sustainability and livelihood diversification among the Maasai of Northern Tanzania". Human Organization. Vol 62.2. pp. 100–111.</ref> Guhinga byatangijwe bwa mbere mu bamasayi n’abagore ba bWaArusha na bWaMeru bimuwe mu byabo bashakanye n’abagabo babamasayi; ibisekuru byakurikiyeho byabayeho ubuzima bwo guhinga no korora. Imibereho yabo yarushijeho kugorana, mu 1975 Ngorongoro conservation area yabujije ibikorwa byo guhinga. Kugirango babeho bahatirwa kugira uruhare mu bukungu bw'amafaranga ya Tanzaniya. Bagombaga kugurisha amatungo yabo n'imiti gakondo kugirango bagure ibiryo. Kubuza guhinga byavanyweho mu 1992 kandi guhinga byongeye kuba igice cyingenzi mu mibereho ya abamasayi. Imipaka ya parike no kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo ubutaka byakomeje kugabanya aho barajyira,Byatumye bahinduka cyane. <ref>Goodman, Ric. (2002). "Pastoral livelihoods in Tanzania: Can the Maasai benefit from conservation?" Current Issues in Tourism. Vol 5.3,4. P.280–286.</ref> Mu myaka yashize, imishinga myinshi yatangiye gufasha abayobozi b'imiryango yaabamasayi kubona uburyo bwo kubungabunga imigenzo yabo ndetse ikanahuza uburezi bw'abana babo kubw' isi ya none. Ubwoko bushya bw' imirimo mu baturage babamasayi burimo ubuhinzi, ubucuruzi (kugurisha imiti gakondo, resitora / amaduka, kugura no kugurisha amabuye y'agaciro, kugurisha amata n' ibiyakimokaho, kudoda imitako), n' akazi k' umushahara (nk'abashinzwe umutekano / abita kubakiriya, abayobora ba mukerarugendo), n'abandi bakora ibikorwa bya leta n'abikorera. Abamasayi benshi bavuye mu buzima bwo guhora bimuka bajya mu myanya y' ubucuruzi no muri guverinoma. Nyamara nubwo ubuzima bwo mu mijyi bugoye bashobora kuyobora, benshi bazishimira kwerekeza murugo bambaye imyenda idoze, gusa bazava murugo mu mwambaro gakondo bita shuka (umwenda wamabara), inkweto za sandari kandi bitwaje inkoni (o-rinka ) - bayakiriye. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> == Imibanire mu muryango mugari == [[File:Young_Maasai_Warrior.jpg|right|thumb|umumasayi w' umwana witegura kuba indwanyi]] Igice nyamukuru cy' umuryango mugari w' abamasayi kumyaka umuntu aba afite. Abahungu bato boherezwa hamwe ninyana nintama vuba bishoboka, ariko ubwana bwabahungu ahanini babumara bakina, usibye imihango bakora kugirango bagerageze ubutwari no kwihangana byabo. Abakobwa bashinzwe imirimo nko guteka no gukama, ubuhanga bigira kuri ba nyina bakiri bato. Buri myaka 15 cyangwa irenga, hatangizwa ikiragano gishya cyaba Morans cyangwa Il-murran (abarwanyi). Haba harimo abahungu benshi bari hagati yimyaka 12 na 25, bageze mubugimbi kandi bagomba kuba batari bari mukiragano gishize. Umuhango umwe wo kuva mubuhungu ujya kumurwanyi muto ni umuhango wo [[Gusiramura|gukebwa]] bikorwa nta kinya. Muri iki gihe cya none, abahungu batuye hafi yimijyi hamwe nabaganga bashobora kwitabira iyi mihango batekanye, ariko nyamara nta nyinya babatera nubundi kuko bagomba kwihanganira ububabare buzabageza kubugabo. Uyu muhango mubusanzwe ukorwa nabakuru, bakoresha icyuma gityaye. Umuhungu agomba kwihanganira iki gikorwa acecetse. Kugaragaza ububabare bizana igisebo.kwikanga kwose gushobora gutera ikosa muri iki gikorwa gisaba kwitonda cyane, bishobora kukuviramo inkovu ubuzima bwawe bwose, gutakaza ubushobozi, no kubabara. ukira hagati y' amezi 3-4, muri iki gihe kwihagaririka birababaza kandi bikanga rimwe na rimwe, kandi abahungu bagomba kuguma bambaye imyenda yumukara mugihe cyamezi 4-8. Muri iki gihe, abasore bashya bakebwe batura muri "manyatta", "umudugudu" wubatswe na ba nyina. Manyatta nta bariyeri iyizengurutse yo kuyirinda, ishimangira uruhare rw'indwanyi rwo kurinda abaturage. Nta kraal y'imbere yubatswe, kubera ko abarwanyi batagira inka cyangwa ngo bakore imirimo y'ububiko. bisaba Indi mihango mbere yo kugera ku rwego rwindwanyi nkuru, bikarangirara mu birori bya eunoto, "ukuza kwimyaka". Iyo hatangijwe igisekuru gishya cy'abarwanyi, Il-murran irihoizamurwa mu cyiciro cyisumbuyeho, bagashingwa ibyemezo bya politiki kugeza igihe bazagera ku kiciro cyabakuru. Iyu muhango wo kuva kumurwanyi ujya kumukuru muto ibera mu muhuro munini witwa Eunoto. abahoze ari indwanyi bakata umusatsi wabo muremure ; abakuru bo baba bafite agasatsi gacyei. Indwanyi ntizemerewe kuryamana nabagore bakebwe,ariko bashobora gucudika n' abakobwa bataracyebwa. Kuri Eunoto, abarwanyi bashoboye kubahiriza iri tegeko barashimirwa byumwihariko. Abarwanyi bamara umwanya munini ubu bagenda hirya no hino kubutaka bw' abamasayi, no kurenga imbibi zabo. Bagira uruhare runini mu gucuruza inka kuruta uko byari bisanzwe, guteza imbere ubucuruzi no guhahirana aho kwiba nk'uko byahoze. hari imyizerere yo gukabya ko buri musore wumumasayi agomba kwica intare atarakebwa. Guhiga intare byari igikorwa cyahise, ariko byarabujijwe mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika - nyamara intare ziracyahigwa iyo zishe amatungo yabamasayi, kandi abarwanyi bato bishora mu kwica intare mu migenzo gakondo ntibagira ingaruka zikomeye. Kwiyongera kw impujyenjye kubijyanye nubuzima bw'intare byatumye byibura habaho gahunda yo kwaka indishyi iyo intare yishe amatungo, aho guhiga no kwica intare yabikoze. Nubwo bimeze bityo, kwica intare biha agaciro gakomeye nubwamamare uwabikoze mubaturage. Abakobwa bakiri bato nabo bahura nikibazo cyo gukebwa kw'abagore, "emorata"mu rwego rwo gukora umuhango urambuye w'imihango yiswe "Emuatare," umuhango winjiza abakobwa babamasayi mu kiciro cyabakuze binyuze mu mihango yo gukebwa hanyuma bagashyingirwa bakiri bato. abamasayi bemeza ko gukebwa kwabagore ari ngombwa kandi abagabo babamasayi bashobora kwanga umugore uwo ari we wese utarigeze abikora kuko adashyingirwa cyangwa agakobwa ibyagaciro gake. Muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, abagore batakebwe, ndetse n'abadepite bize cyane nka Linah Kilimo, barashobora gushinjwa kuba badakuze bihagije ku buryo badahabwa agaciro. Ku bandi umuco wo gukebwa kw'abagore uzwi nko guca imyanya ndangagitsina y'abagore, kandi ukanengwa cyane haba mu mahanga ndetse n'abagore benshi babikorewe, nk'umuntu uharanira inyungu zabamasayii, Agnes Pareyio . muri iki gihe bisigaye bikorwa mu magambo aho birangwa no kuririmba no kubyina mu mwanya wo gukebwa. Nyamara, iki gikorwa gikomeza gushinga imizi kandi kigahabwa agaciro numuco. Ijambo rya Maa ryo gukebwa, "emorata," rikoreshwa ku gukebwa kwigitsina gore nigitsina gabo. Gukata imyanya ndangagitsina y'abagore ntibyemewe muri Kenya na Tanzaniya. Uku gukebwa mubusanzwe bikorwa nuwatumiwe udakunze kuba ari umumasayi, akenshi aba avuye mumatsinda yaba Dorobo . Ibyuma bakoresha biba byatatswe n'abacuzi, Kimwe nabasore, abakobwa bazakebwa bambara imyenda yijimye,bakishushanyaho ibimenyetso bakoresheje amarangi, hanyuma bagapfuka mu maso iyo imihango irangiye. Abagore bubatse batwite basonewe imirimo yose iremereye nko gukama no gutashya. Imibonano mpuzabitsina nayo irabujijwe kandi hari amategeko yihariye akoreshwa ku bagore batwite. [[File:Open air classroom for Maasai children in Tanzania.jpg|thumb|Ishuri rya abamasayimuri Tanzaniya]] abamasayi mubisanzwe batunga abagore benshi ; ibi bikekwa ko babikora kubera umubare munini wimfu z’abana bato n’abarwanyi. Polyandry nayo irakorwa. Ariko, muri iyi minsi ibi byarahagaze. Umugore ntabwo arongora umugabo we gusa ahubwo itsinda ry ikiciro kimyaka. Abagabo biteganijwe ko batanga uburiri bwabo ku mushyitsi uri mukiciro cyimwe cyimyaka nawe; ariko ibi nabyo ntibigikorwa. Umugore niwe wihitiramo niba ararana numugabo wasuye. Umwana uwo ari we wese ushobora kuvamo ni [[umwana]] wumugabo nabazamukomokaho. ubwoko bwa gatanya burashoboka iyo umugore yahukaniye kwa se, ubusanzwe kubera gufata nabi umugore cyane. Kwishura inkwano, kurera abana, nibindi, byumvikanyweho. <ref>Spencer, P. (1988) ''The Maasai of Matapato: a study of rituals of rebellion'' Manchester University Press, Manchester. Spencer, P. (2003) ''Time, Space, and the Unknown: Maasai configurations of power and providence.'' Routledge, London.</ref> == Umuziki n'imbyino == [[File:Maasai-Adumu.jpg|left|thumb|Imbyino yo gusimbuka gakondo]] Umuziki wabamasayi usanzwe ugizwe ninjyana zitangwa n' ibitero byabaririmbyi baririmba bahigima mugihe umuyobozi windirimbo, aririmba ijwi ryingenzi. umuolaranyani mubusanzwe numuririmbyi ushobora kuririmba neza iyo ndirimbo, nubwo abantu benshi bashobora kuyobora indirimbo. umuolaranyani atangira aririmba umurongo cyangwa umutwe (namba) windirimbo. Itsinda rikikiririza rimwe, kandi umuolaranyani aririmbirambana nabandi ariko akabasimbya ijwi. Buri ndirimbo ifite imiterere yihariye ya namba ishingiye kumuhamagaro-no-kwitaba . Injyana isanzwe ni itandukaniro rya 5/4, 6/4 na 3/4 umukono wigihe. indirimbo iba yanditse ishingiye ku ngingo runaka kandi amagambo aguma yisubiramo. Kugenda kw'ijosi biherekeza kuririmba. Iyo uhumeka umutwe wegamiye imbere. Umutwe bawuhengekera inyuma kujyira basohore umwuka imbere. Muri rusange iyo bari rimba uba wumva ari amajwi menshi ajyenda asimburana. Bitandukanye nandi moko menshi yo muri Afrika,abamasayi bakoresha cyane drone polyphony. <ref>[[Joseph Jordania]]. [[Why do People Sing? Music in Human Evolution]]. Logos. Pg 17</ref> Abagore baririmba lullabies, indirimbo zirangwa no guhigimba, n'indirimbo zisingiza abahungu babo. Nambas, barimba bahamara banitabana, mwijwi rimwe,usanga basubiramo interuro imwe nyuma ya buri gitero aho bikiriza nijwi rijyiye hasi n'abaririmbyi basubiza ibitero byabo bwite ni ibiranga kuririmba kw' abagore. Iyo abagore benshi babamasayi bateraniye hamwe, baririmba bakabyina hagati yabo. Kimwe mubidasanzwe kumiterere yijwi ryumuziki wa abamasayi nugukoresha ihembe rya greater kudu kugirango uhamagare abamorans mumihango ya Eunoto. Kuririmba no kubyina byombi rimwe na rimwe bibera hafi ya manyattas, kandi usanga harimo no gureshyanya. Abasore bakora umurongo kandi bakaririmbe mu injyana, "Oooooh-yah", bijyana no guhigima no gukorora hamwe no kuzunguza igice cy umubiri cyo hepfo. Abakobwa bahagarara imbere yabagabo bakabyinisha igice cyo hepfo banaririmba "Oiiiyo..yo" mukajwi ko hejuru bitandukanye nabagabo. Nubwo imibiri yegerana cyane, ntabwo ikoranaho. Eunoto,imihango yindwanyi, ishobora kumara iminsi 10 ,yo kuririmba kubyina n'imigenzo. Abarwanyi ba Il-Oodokilani bakora ubwoko urugendo na '''adumu''', cyangwa aigus, rimwe na rimwe bita "imbyino yo gusimbuka" nabatari abamasayi. (Adumu na aigus zombi ni inshinga za Maa zisobanura "gusimbuka" hamwe na adumu bisobanura "Gusimbuka hejuru no kubyina". ) Indwanyi zirazwi cyane, kandi akenshi zifotorwa mugihe,muri aya marushanwa yo gusimbuka. Abarwanyi baca uruziga, noneho umwe cyangwa babiri icyarimwe bakinjira hagati kugirango batangire gusimbuka batarenga uruziga, agatsinsino kabo kadakora hasi. Abagize itsinda bazamura ijwi ryabo bakurikije uburebure bwo gusimbuka. Abakobwa b'inshuti zabamoran (inyie) bitambajyiza mumyambaro myiza yabonka kimwe mu bigize eunoto. Ababyeyi babamoran baririmba bakabyina bishimira ubutwari no gutinyuka kwabahungu babo. == Guhindura umubiri == [[File:Maasai_woman_with_stretched_ears.jpg|thumb|Umugore wumumasayi wakweduye amatwi|191x191px]] Gupfumura no gukwedura amatwi nubintu bisanzwe mubamasayi nandi moko. Bakoresha ibikoresho bitadukanye muri iki gikorwa harimo amahwa mugupfumura, ibiti, amabuye, amenyo yinzovu nakabindi. abamasayi bacye bacye cyane cyane abahungu nibo bakora uyu muhango. abagore bambara imitako yamasaro kumatwi bapfumuye. gukura yamabwene abana bato bikorwa nabamasayi bo muri Kenya na Tanzaniya. abamasayi bafite imyizerere ikomeye ivuga ko impiswi, kuruka nizindi ndwara zoroheje zo mu bwana ziterwa no kubyimba kwishinya yo kumabwene, bakeka ko haba harimo inzoka. Iyi myizerere n'imikorere ntabwo byihariye mubamasayi. Mu cyaro cya Kenya hasuzumwe itsinda ry’abana 95 bafite hagati y’amezi atandatu n’imyaka ibiri mu 1991/92. 87% wasangaga barakuwe amabwene. Mu itsinda ryabafite hagati yimyaka 3-7, 72% mubana 111 basanze nabo barayakuwe. == Indyo == [[File:Maasai_man_with_cattle.jpg|left|thumb|400x400px|Umushumba uragiye amatungo ye muri Ngorongoro, ]] Ubusanzwe, indyo yabamasayi yari igizwe n'inyama mbisi, amata adatetse, n'amaraso by' i[[Inka|nka]] . Menya ko inka zabamasayi ziri mubwoko bwa Zebu . Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1935, Dr. Weston A. Price yasuye abamasayi maze avuga ko nk'uko Dr. Anderson wo mu bitaro by’ubutegetsi bw’ibanze muri Kenya yabibinye amoko menshi adafite indwara. Benshi nta burwayi nabucye bwamenyo bari bafite . By'umwihariko abamasayi bari hasi ya 0.4% nibo bari bafite ikibazo cyo kubora kw' amenyo. Yavuze ko biterwa nimirire yabo mirire yabo igizwe (ukurikije ingano) amata adatetse, amaraso, inyama mbisi n'imboga n'imbuto zimwe na zimwe, nubwo mu midugudu myinshi batarya imbuto cyangwa imboga na gato. Yavuze ko buri mwana ukura ndetse n’umugore utwite cyangwa wonsa bahahabwa buri munsi amaraso iyo ahari. Dr. Weston A. Price yavuze kandi ko guverinoma yashyizeho ingufu mu 1935 kugira ngo abamasayi bajye mubuhinzi . Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na ILCA (Nestel 1989) bugira buti: "Uyu munsi, indyo yuzuye yabamasayi igizwe n'amata y'inka n' ibigori. Igikoma gikomeye kizwi nka [[Ubugari|ugali]] kandi kiribwana n'amata; bitandukanye n' igikoma cy'amazi, ugali ntabwo itegurwa n'amata. Amavuta yinyamanswa akoreshwa muguteka, cyane cyane igikoma, ibigori, nibishyimbo. Amavuta kandi ni ibiryo byingenzi by'uruhinja. " Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ubworozi muri Afurika (Bekure et al. 1991) bwerekana impinduka nini cyane mu mirire yabamasayi aho basigaye bakoresha nibindi bidakomoka kumatungo kn'ibigori bigize 12-39 ku ijana n' isukari 8–13 ku ijana; umuntu umwe anywa hafi litiro imwe y'amata ku munsi. Amenshi mu mata akoreshwa nk'amata avuze cyangwa amavuta. mu bipimo byose bakoresha amata ku rwego rwo hejurui.ibi bituma bobonamo ibyubaka umubiri bihajyije. Nyamara, fer, niacin, vitamine C, vitamine A, thiamine nibitanga ingufu ntabwo babibona mumata gusa. Bitewe nuko ibintu bigenda bihinduka, cyane cyane ibihe amata abonekera n amapfa akunze kubaho kenshi, abashumba benshi, harimo nabamasayi, ubu basigaye barya ibiryo nibihajyije ingano. Ubushyo bwihene nintama zabamasayi, harimo intama zitukura zabamasayi, hamwe ninka zagaciro. Ibizamini bya Electrocardiogram byakoreshejwe ku basore 400 bakuze babamasayi basanze nta kimenyetso na kimwe cy’indwara z'umutima, ubumuga cyangwa imikorere mibi yumubiri. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri karubone-ya14 bwerekanye ko impuzandengo ya cholesterol iri hafi ya 50 ku ijana ugereranije niyumunyamerika. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bigaragaza ko umubiri muzima bafite ari ukubere morans. Isupu birashoboka ko bwo bwiza kuruta ibindi abamasayi babinye bwo kurya ibimera. ''Acacia nilotica nikimera'' gikoreshwa cyane. Igishishwa cyumuzi cyangwa uruti birabizwa mumazi hanyuma umazi avuyemo bakanywa yonyine cyangwa bakayavanga nisupu. abamasayi bakunda gufata iki kinyobwa nkumuti, kandi kizwiho kubatera imbaraga no kudatinyuka. abamasayi barya isupu ivanze n'ibishishwa bisharira n'imizi irimo saponine igabanya cholesterol; abo mu mijyibadafite ibimera bisharira bakunda kurwara umutima. <ref>National Geographic Oct. 1995, page 161</ref> imbuto zigize igice kinini cyibiryo biribwa nabana nabagore baba bacunze inka kimwe na mabamorani. Kuvanga amaraso yinka, aboneka mugutobora imitsi yazo, n'amata bikorwa mugutegura ikinyobwa cyimihango muminsi mikuru idasanzwe kandi nkintungamubiri kubarwayi. Ariko, gukoresha amaraso mumirire gakondo biragenda bigabanuka kubera kugabanuka kwamatungo. muri iki gihe abamasayi basigaye batunzwe cyane nibiryo biturutse ahandi nk'ibigori, umuceri, ibirayi, amashu n'ibindi. abamasayi batuye hafi y'abahinzi-borozi nabo bayobotse ubuhinzi nkuburyo bwibanze bwo kubaho. Muri utu turere, ingano yikibanza ntabwo iba ari nini kuburyo yakwirwaho amashyo yinyamaswa; bityo abamasayi bahatirwa guhinga. == Amazu == [[File:Maasai_shelter.jpg|right|thumb|inzu ihomesheje amase yinka ]] Nkabantu bazwiho guhora bimuka mumateka , abamasayi basanzwe bashingira kubikoresho byaho, byoroshye kuboneka hamwe nikoranabuhanga kavukire kugirango bubake amazu yabo. Inzu gakondo yabamasayi yubakagwa hagendewe ko bahora bimuka bityo ntabwo yamaraga igihe.aya mazu yabaga yenda kumera nkurukiramende, kandi yubatswe nabagore babishoboye. yabaga afite inkingi zibiti zishinze mubutaka kandi hasobekeranyijemo udushami duto tw' ibiti,nyuma bagahomesha imvange yicyondo, inkoni, ibyatsi,amase, inkari zabantu, n' ivu. Amase y'inka atuma inzu itava. Enkaj cyangwa engaji ni nto, ipima nka 3&nbsp;kuri&nbsp;5&nbsp;m na metero1.5 gusa&nbsp;mu buhagarike.haba haromo aho, umuryango utekera, urira, uryama, usabanira, kandi ubika ibiryo,ibicanwa, nibindi bintu byo murugo. Amatungo mato nayo akenshi arara muri enkaji. Imidugudu iab ikikijwe n'uruzitiro rwa acacia (enkang) rwubatswe nabagabo. Mwijoro, [[inka]] zose, [[ihene]] n'intama byose bishyirwa mu kigo hagati, kure yinyamaswa zagasozi .{{wide image|Maasai-Enkang-near-Sekenani.JPG|1000px|Panoramic view of Maasai Enkang, seen from the inside}}{{wide image|Manyatta.jpg|1000px|Panoramic view of Maasai Enkang, seen from the outside}} == Imyenda == [[File:Maasai_Woman_Meeyu_Sale_Wearing_her_Finest.jpg|right|thumb|Umugore wumumasayi wambaye imyenda ye myiza|189x189px]] Imyambarire ihinduka bitewe n' imyaka n'ahantu. Urugero, abasore bambara umukara amezi menshi nyuma yo gukebwa kwabo. Nyamara, umutuku niwo ukunzwe. haba nimyenda y'ubururu, umukara, iyamabara. abamasayi batangiye gusimbuza uruhu rwinyamaswa, uruhu rwinyana nuruhu rwintama, imyenda yubudodo mu myaka ya za 1960. Shúkà ni ijambo ryo mururimi rwa Maa numwitero wa gakondo bambara bawizingiyeho.Mubisanzwe iba itukura, nubwo imwe iba ifite andi [[Ibara|mabara]] (urugero ubururu ) nibishusho. iroza, ndetse nimyenda iriho indabyo, indwanyi zirayirinda. Imyenda imwe izwi nka kanga, ijambo [[Igiswahili|ryigiswahiri]], irasanzwe. abamasayi baba hafi y' inkombe bashobora kwambara kikoi, ubwoko bw' imyitero iza mu amabara atandukanye n' ibitambaro Nyamara, benshi bakunda iyimirongo. Abamasayi benshi muri [[Tanzaniya]] bambara inkweto zudusandari, zari zisanzwe zikorwa muruhu rw' inka. ubu basigaye bazikora mu mapine cyangwa plastike . Abagabo n'abagore bambara udutako tw ibiti kumaboko. Abagore babamasayi bahora bari gukora imitako mu masaro n' utugozi . Ibi bibafasha gutaka imibiri yabo. Nubwo hariho itandukaniro mubisobanuro byamabara n' amasaro, ibisobanuro rusange kumabara make ni: umweru, amahoro ; ubururu, amazi ; umutuku, umurwanyi / amaraso / ubutwari. Gukora imitako, bikozwe nabagore, bifite amateka maremare mubamasayi, bagaragaza abaribo numwanya wabo mu muryango mugari binyuze mumitako yumubiri no gushushanya ku mubiri . Mbere yo guhura [[Burayi|n’abanyaburayi]], Amasaro yavaga mubikoresho bari basanganwe aho, amasaro y' umweru yavaga mw' ibumba, ibikonoshwa, amahembe y'inzovu, cyangwa amagufwa . Isaro ry'umukara n'ubururu ryakorwaga mu cyuma, amakara, imbuto, ibumba, cyangwa ihembe . Amasaro atukura yavaga mu mbuto, mu mbaho, amagufwa, amahembe y'inzovu, umuringa. Ahagana mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda, amasaro menshi y’iburayi yageze muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba bw' yepfo, abakora amasaro basimbuje amasaro ashaje ibikoresho bishya maze batangira gukoresha amabara menshi asobanutse. Ubu, amasaro atsindajyiye y' ibirahure adahanda niyo akunzwe. == Umusatsi == [[File:Maasai_woman.jpg|left|thumb|Umugore wumumasayi ufite umusatsi mugufi]] Kogosha umutwe biramenyerewe mumihango myinshi, byerekana intangiriro nshya izakorwa ubwo umuntu aba ava mu kiciro kimwe ajya mu kindi. abarwanyi nibo bamasayi bonyine baba bafite imisatsi miremire, bayibohesha imigozi yoroheje. Iyo ageze ku gihe cy' "amezi" 3, umwana yitwa izina kandi yogoshwa umutwe bagasiga akazingo kamwe kumusatsi, kuva ku gikanu kugeza ku gahanga. kikaba gishasha "imiterere yubuntu" bujyirirwa uruhinja. Umugore wakuyemo inda yubushize umusatsi awushyira imbere cyangwa inyuma yumutwe, biterwa nijyitsina cy' umwana yabuze. Ibi bishushanya gukira kwe. Abahungu bakebwa ku munsi wa kabiri, imitwe yabo ikogoshwa. Abarwanyi bato noneho bagatereka umusatsi wabo ugakura, kandi batakaza igihe kinini bita kumusatsi wabo. basigamo amavuta yinyamanswa na ocher, kandi igabanijwe hejuru yumutwe aho amatwi agarukira. Umusatsi bawuboha mu mafpude y inyabubiri. Ipamba cyangwa ubwoya bw'intama bishobora gukoreshwa mugukuza umusatsi. Umusatsi bashobora kuwureka ugatendera cyangwa bakawupfundikanya bakoresheje uruhu. Iyo abarwanyi banyuze muri ''Eunoto'', bakaba abakuru, imisatsi yabo miremire irogoshwa. Mugihe igitsina gabo cyogosha umusatsi iyo bava mu kiciro kimwe bajya mu kindi, uwitegura kuba umugeni yogosha umusatsi, kandi intama ebyiri zikicwa mukubahiriza uwo munsi. == Abamasayi bazwi == * Joseph Ole Lenku - Umunyamabanga wa Guverinoma muri Kenya ushinzwe imbere no guhuza ibikorwa bya Guverinoma y’igihugu kuva 2012 kugeza 2014 * David Rudisha - yiruka mu marushanwa yintera ndende na metero 800 ufite yabaye uwambere kurwego rwisi yisi * Edward Sokoine - Minisitiri w’intebe wa Tanzaniya kuva 1977 kugeza 1980 na none kuva 1983 kugeza 1984 * Edward Lowassa - Minisitiri w’intebe wa Tanzaniya kuva 2005 kugeza 2008. Umwanya wa kabiri inyuma ya John Pombe Magufuli mu matora rusange ya [[Tanzaniya]] 2015. * Olekina Ledama - Uwashinze, Maasai Education Discovery * James Ole Kiyiapi - umwarimu wungirije muri kaminuza ya Moi akaba n'umunyamabanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y’uburezi n’ubuyobozi bw’ibanze * William Ole Ntimama - Umunyapolitike wo muri Kenya akaba n'umuyobozi w'umuryango wabaMaa * Francis Ole Kaparo - Uwahoze ari umuvujyizi wa National Assembly of Kenya * Joseph Nkaissery - Uwahoze ari umunyamabanga wa Guverinoma muri Kenya ushinzwe imbere no guhuza ibikorwa bya guverinoma y’igihugu kuva 2014 kugeza apfuye muri 2017 * Nice Nailantei Lengete - Umugore wa mbere yagejeje ijambo ku kanama k' abakuru mubamasayi ku musozi wa Kilimanjaro, maze yemeza akanama kubuza guca imyanya ndangagitsina yabagore muri Kenya na Tanzaniya. * Katoo Ole Metito - Umudepite mu Ntara ya Kajiado y'Amajyepfo == Reba kandi nibi == * [[:en:Maasai_mythology|Maasai mythology]] * [[:en:Maasai_language|Maasai language]] * [[:en:Maa_Civil_Society_Forum|Maa Civil Society Forum]] == Aho byasomwe == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ubundi bumenyi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120715234704/http://www.africanpeople.info/ African People Ethnography | Maasai] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100107200159/http://www.uoregon.edu/~maasai/Maa%20Lexicon/lexicon/main.htm Maasai online dictionary] * [http://www.e-solidarity.org/index-engl.htm Maasai Aid Association] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091019024105/http://elandmaasai.org/ Working for a just and self-sustaining community for the Maasai People] * [http://www.maasaitrust.org/ Maasai Trust] * [http://www.maasaimara.com/the-mara/maasai-people The Maasai People - History and Culture] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200518202543/http://www.maasai-association.org/maasai.html Maasai people, Kenya at the Maasai Association] * [http://www.indiana.edu/~iuam/kenya/categories/16 Indiana University Art Museum Arts of Kenya online collection] [[Category:Amoko yo muri tanzaniya]] [[Category:Amoko yo muri kenya]] [[Category:Amoko yo muri africa]] [[Category:Umuco]] [[Category:Gukebwa]] [[Category:Ibidukikije]] [[Category:Imigenzo yo muri africa]] [[Category:Imyambaro gakondo]] [[Category:Ubworozi gakondo]] dm1e3ld0l2gugbs11uv3cc4ucvdhi4d 0 8729 132223 118301 2026-06-18T14:36:32Z Elysee 2006 17908 GUSHYIRAMO IFOTO 132223 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Église Saint-Ignace-de-Loyola.jpg|thumb|Kiliziya|287x287px]] [[Dosiye:Rwanda Kigali Eglise de la Sainte Famille 001.jpg|thumb|Kiliziya gatholika ]] '''Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali''' (Mu [[Ikilatini|Kilatini]]: Archidioecesis Kigaliensis ) ni Akarere k'ubutumwa ka [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Yatangiriye muri [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kabgayi]] ishyizweho na [[:en:Pope_Paul_VI|Papa Paul wa VI]] ku wa 10 Mata 1976. Icyo gihe yakoraga ibifashijwemo bya hafi n'Umwepiskopi wa [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Butare|Butare]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Byumba|Byumba]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Cyangugu|Cyangugu]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Gikongoro|Gikongoro]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kabgayi|Kabgayi]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kibungo|Kibungo]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Nyundo|Nyundo]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Ruhengeri|Ruhengeri]]. Iyi Arikidiyosezi ni yo yonyine rukumbi iba mu [[Rwanda]]. [[Dosiye:Paroisse ste famille.jpg|thumb|383x383px|'''Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali''' ni Akarere k'ubutumwa ka kiriziya Gatolika mu Rwanda.]] Icyicaro cya Arikiyepiskopi wa Kigali kiri kuri ni Katederali yitiriwe Mutagatifu Mikayile. == Abepiskopi == === Urutonde rw'Abepiskopi ba Kigali === * [[:en:Vincent_Nsengiyumva|Visenti Nsengiyumva]] (1976 &#x2013; 1994) * Tadeyo Ntihinyurwa [ fr ] (9 Werurwe 1996 &#x2013; 19 Ugushyingo 2018) * [[Antoine Kambanda|Antoni Kambanda]]<ref>[https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/11/19/181119c.html Resignations and Appointments, 19.11.2018] (Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru), Ibiro bya Papa. Ku wa 19 Ugushyingo 2018. Byarebweho ku wa 09 Gashyantare 2021</ref> (19 Ugushyingo 2018 - Ubu) === Abandi bapadiri b'iyi Arikidiyosezi babaye abasenyeri === * Célestin Hakizimana, yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi ya Gikongoro mu 2014 * Anaclet Mwumvaneza, yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi ya Nyundo mu 2016 * Jean Bosco Ntagungira, yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi ya Butare mu 2024 == Reba kandi == * [[Kiriziya Gatorika mu Rwanda|Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda]] * [[Urutonde rwa Diyosezi Gatolika mu Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} ; Inkomoko y'inyongera * "Church Politics and the Genocide in Rwanda", Timothy Longman, ''Journal of Religion in Africa'', Vol. 31, Fasc. 2, Religion and War in the 1990s (May, 2001), pp. 163–186 https://brill.com/view/journals/jra/31/2/article-p163_4.xml == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201118114538/http://www.archidiocesekigali.org/rw Official website] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkiga.html Abagatolika-Inzego] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/kiga0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Category:Kigali]] gutmlxszmx8qbsw097zo1o55imsv8c8 0 8948 132217 128574 2026-06-18T13:41:29Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 impinduka 132217 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abami bategetse u Rwanda''' Impuguke mu mateka Alexis Kagame n’abandi banditse ku mateka y’u [[Rwanda]], bavuga ko Abami 28 aribo bayoboye u [[Rwanda]] kuva ahagana mu mwaka wa 1091 kugeza muwa 1960. Amateka y’u [[Rwanda]] kandi agaragaza ko ab' Abami bose bo mu Rwanda bakomokaga mu muryango umwe wo mu bwoko bw’Abanyiginya. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Musinga.jpg|thumb|umwami Yuhi I Musinga]] [[Dosiye:Tutsi King Kigeli in Exile (cropped).jpg|thumb|Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa]] Igihugu cy'u Rwanda gifite amateka yacyo yihariye ajyanye n’ingoma za cyami zariho mu myaka yo hambere. [[Dosiye:RUGANZU_monument.jpg|thumb|Ikibumbano cyerekana umwami RUGANZU II Ndoli]] Bamwe mu bami babaye ibihangange ku bw’inyurabwenge rijimije ryabo ryihariye, abandi babaye indatwa ku bw’ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa mu rugamba rwo kwagura igihugu no kurinda ubusugire bwacyo.[https://web.archive.org/web/20190819131735/http://umubavu.com/amateka/article/Twige-amateka-yacu-tumenya-abami-28-bayoboye-u-Rwanda-kuva-1091-1960] Amateka y’u Rwanda kugira ngo ashyirwe mu nyandiko, hakoreshwaga ihererekanya bumenyi bafataga mu mutwe, dore ko abanyarwanda bari abahanga mu kuvuga imivugo, [[ibyivugo]], amahamba, ibisigo n’ibindi. Bakoreshaga ihererekanyabumenyi bafata mu mutwe. Bitewe n’uburyo bw’ishyinguranyandiko butari buriho muri ibyo bihe, amateka yagiye amenyekana cyane n’abagiye bahiga abandi cyane mu bikorwa by’indashyikirwa. Iyi akaba ariyo mpamvu nyamukuru usanga ibitabo bivuga ku mateka hari aho bidahuza. Alexis Kagame n’abandi banditsi, bakoze urutonde hagendewe ku bikorwa bikomeye byaranze ingoma ya buri mwami, ijyanye n’igihe cye cyo kwima na bamwe mu bami bo mu bihugu byari bikikije u Rwanda, ibitero bikomeye byaragabwe, inzara yateye, impinduka zidasanzwe mu buyobozi cyangwa mu mibereho ya Rubanda n’ibindi. == Urutonde rw'Abami bayoboye u Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Kings_Palace_1.jpg|thumb|Kings Palace 1]] 1. [[GIHANGA NGOMIJANA|Gihanga I Ngomijan]]<nowiki/>a (1091-1124) 2. [[Kanyarwanda I Gahima I|Kanyarwanda Gahima]] (1124-1157) 3. Yuhi I Musindi (1157-1180) 4. Ndahiro I Ruyange (1180-1213) 5. Ndoba (1213-1246) 6. Samembe (1246-1279) 7. Nsoro Samukondo (1279-1312) 8. Ruganzu I Bwimba (1312-1345) 9. Cyilima I Rugwe (1345-1378) 10. [[Kigeli I Mukobanya]] (1378-1411) 11. [[Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi|Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi I]] (1411-1444) [[Dosiye:Tchached_house.jpg|thumb|Icumbi ry'abami bahambere mu Rwanda]] 12. [[Yuhi II Gahima II]] (1444-1477) 13. [[Ndahiro II Cyamatare]] (1477-1510) 14. [[Ruganzu II Ndoli]] (1510-1543) 15. [[Mutara I Nsoro III Semugeshi|Mutara I Nsoro II Semugeshi]] (1543-1576) 16[[Kigeli II Nyamuheshera|. Kigeli II Nyamuheshera]] (1576-1609) 17. [[Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura|Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura]] (1609-1642) 18[[Yuhi III Mazimpaka|. Yuhi III Mazimpaka]] (1642-1675) 19. [[Cyilima II Rujugira]] (1675-1708) 20. [[Kigeli III Ndabarasa]] (1708-1741) [[Kalemera Rwaka|Karemera Rwaka]] : (Ku rutonde ntabarwa kuko yabaye umusigarira wa Ndabarasa ubwo yarwaraga amakaburo) 21. [[Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo]] (1741-1746) 22. [[Yuhi IV Gahindiro]] (1746-……?) 23. [[Mutara II Rwogera]] (1830-1853) 24. [[Kigeli IV Rwabugiri|Kigeli IV Rwabugili]] (1853-1895) 25. [[Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa]] (1895-1895) Yakorewe kudeta. 26. [[Yuhi V Musinga]] (1895-1931) 27. [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] (1931-1959) [[Dosiye:Mutara_II_of_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Mutara II Rudahigwa w' u Rwanda]] 28. [[Kigeli V Ndahindurwa]] (1959-1960 Mu nyandiko zakozwe, kugeza none, hagendewe ku byo Abiru n’ibisonga by’Abami bagaragaje, Abami b’u Rwanda bakurikiranye n’imyaka bimye ingoma, mu buryo bukurikira kuva mu mwaka wa 1091 kugeza muwa 1960.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/abami-10-bashatse-abagore-benshi-mu-mateka-y-u-rwanda</ref><ref>https://panorama.rw/amazina-yahabwa-abami-mu-rwanda-ninshingano-zabo/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/122396/Education/know-your-history-the-kings-of-rwanda</ref> == Ubushakashatsi == Bitewe nuko impuguke mu mateka zakoze ubushakashatsi ku bantu banyuranye kugira ngo zishyire amateka y’u Rwanda mu nyandiko, hari henshi usanga badahuza nko ku myaka ku bikorwa bimwe na bimwe, kuko byari ukugereranya. Akaba ariyo mpamvu bitazagutangaza uguye nko ku gitabo kinyuranya n’uru rutonde.<ref>https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/mordet.php?titID=5818670cd70ad89173d0652ebfca10a389c&vario=229a9f382b7e96e8e74cf5c299f6634e5d</ref> [[Dosiye:King Muzinga’s children and Major R. Høier’s daughter. Ruanda 1928. (9422840528).jpg|thumb|Umuryango w'Umwami MUSINGA ]] Twibukiranye ko kandi ko [[Umwami]] yagiraga ububasha bw’ikirenga mu gihugu cye. Yaricaga agakiza, akagaba akanyaga. Muri make ubuzima bw’abaturage b’Igihugu cyose bwabaga buri mu maboko ye. Ikintu cyose cyabaga ari icy’Umwami, [[inka]] zari iz’Umwami, ubutaka bwabaga ari ubw’Umwami, abagore bose babaga ari ab’Umwami, abana babaga ari ab’Umwami n’ibindi. Iteka yabaga yaciye ryabaga ari ihame ntakuka, rikubahirizwa kuva kubabyeyi kugeza kubana, abuzukuru, abuzukuruza n’ubuvivi bakabitozwa. == Amashakiro; == 8pzti12oultr31xkqbmsktk107849kl 0 9335 132235 127268 2026-06-19T03:56:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132235 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Da Yie''''' (izwi kandi ku izina ry'icyongereza '''''Good Night''''' ) ni filime ngufi yasohotse muri 2019 iyobowe na Anthony Nti<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://my.clermont-filmfest.com/index.php?&m=236&c=3&id_film=200089608&o=89&retour=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026130515/http://my.clermont-filmfest.com/index.php?&m=236&c=3&id_film=200089608&o=89&retour=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/films/good-night-2019</ref>. Muri 2020, yatsindiye iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Clermont-Ferrand kandi yari mu bahatanira ibihembo bya BAFTA Los Angeles Awards<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/da-yie-anthony-nti-interview/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112151439/https://www.okayafrica.com/da-yie-anthony-nti-interview/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>.<ref>https://www.theafricareport.com/66664/ghanaian-film-da-yie-reminds-us-to-hold-onto-that-innocence-in-childhood/</ref> ''Filime Da Yie'' yakozwe na Anthony Nti, Chingiz Karibekov na Dimitri Verbeek, ikwirakwizwa ku isi yose na sosiyete mpuzamahanga yo gutunganya no gukwirakwiza filimi Salaud Morisset<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.criterionchannel.com/da-yie |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112151441/https://www.criterionchannel.com/da-yie |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://filmmoon.com/movie/2227/da-yie |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112151441/https://filmmoon.com/movie/2227/da-yie |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Umugambi == Umusore Matilda na Prince bajyanwa murugendo ruhindura ubuzima numuntu utazwi<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.shortshorts.org/2020/prg/en/1517 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112151441/https://www.shortshorts.org/2020/prg/en/1517 |url-status=dead }}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://festivalregard.com/film/da-yie?locale=en |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112151440/https://festivalregard.com/film/da-yie?locale=en |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ibihembo == Kuva yatangizwa, iyi filime yatoranijwe mu minsi mikuru irenga 130 ku isi. Muri Gashyantare 2021<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film985155.html</ref>, yakoze urutonde rwibikorwa bya firime ngufi ya Live ibihembo bya 93 bya Academy<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pjclaessens.com/da-yie |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112151443/https://www.pjclaessens.com/da-yie |url-status=dead }}</ref> .<ref>https://www.workingtitlefilmfestival.it/en/wtff5/da-yie/</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Umwaka ! Umunsi mukuru ! Igihembo / Icyiciro |- | rowspan="1" | 2019 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime | Igihembo cy'abateze amatwi |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Clermont-Ferrand | Grand Prix |- | 2020 | Imikindo Amasoko Mpuzamahanga | Umunyeshuri mwiza mpuzamahanga mugufi |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco rya Filime BFI London | Filime ngufi nziza |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya La Guarimba | Filime ngufi nziza cyane |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco rya Filime ryigenga rya Princeton | Igihembo kinini cy'abacamanza |- | 2020 | Galway Film Fleadh | Ibihimbano mpuzamahanga bigufi |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Asiana | Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga |- | 2020 | GSA BAFTA Ibihembo bya Filime yabanyeshuri | Igikorwa Cyiza Cyiza |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco rya Filime ya Telluride | Ibyiringiro Byinshi |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Friborg | Umwihariko |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Melbourne | Igihembo kinini - Filime ngufi nziza |- | 2020 | Guhura na Festival | Muri make Guhura na Prix Grand |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Calgary | Igikorwa Cyiza Cyiza cya Filime ngufi |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Tirana | Filime nziza y'abanyeshuri |- | 2020 | Indy Shorts Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime | Igihembo kinini - Amagambo meza yo kuvuga inkuru ngufi |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] roqc1q0scoh5rn4n3kxhqb5nm9x8673 0 9473 132237 116712 2026-06-19T04:26:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132237 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:South Africa - Location Map (2013) - ZAF - UNOCHA.svg|thumb|dirk de villiers yavukiye muri afurika yepfo]] '''Dirk de Villiers''' (26 Nyakanga 1924 - 28 Ukuboza 2009), yari umukinnyi wa filime wo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]] <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0222562/bio</ref>. Ufatwa nk'umukinnyi wa filime wamamaye cyane na 'Godfather' mu nganda za firime zo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo, de Villiers yakoze filime nyinshi zishimwa cyane mu mwuga umaze imyaka irenga mirongo itandatu<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/dirk-devilliers/m0cj10sd?hl=en |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115164640/https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/dirk-devilliers/m0cj10sd?hl=en |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 26 Nyakanga 1924 mu isambu ya Villieria i Douglas, mu majyaruguru ya Cape, [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]] mu muryango ufite barumuna be batanu<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/dirk-de-villiers</ref>. Nyina yapfuye afite imyaka ine naho se ni umuhinzi wakomeje guhinga yarazwe na Cornelius Valkenburg de Villiers. Nyina amaze gupfa, Dirk na murumuna we Niel boherejwe kwa nyirasenge <ref>https://www.amazon.com/PW-Afrikaans-Dirk-Villiers/dp/062402069X</ref>. Nyuma yaje gukurira ku nkombe z'umugezi wa Vaal aho yagiye mu mashuri menshi yo muri Jagersfontein, Marquard na Betelehemu<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/dirk-de-villiers/credits/3030388066/</ref> . Yashakanye n'umukinnyi wa filime Addy kuva 1950 kugeza yahukanye mu 1973. Abashakanye babyaranye abana batanu barimo Gys de Villiers . Gys kandi ni umukinnyi w'icyamamare akaba n'umwanditsi w'amakinamico muri sinema no muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo. Yagiranye umubano na Miems Swanepoel imyaka mike kuva 1992.<ref>https://www.thetvdb.com/people/7895508</ref> Ku ya 24 Ukuboza 2009, yahuye n'indwara y'umutima maze yihutira kujya mu bitaro by'Urwibutso rwa Chris Barnard i Cape Town. Icyakora, yapfuye ku ya 28 Ukuboza 2009 afite imyaka 89, azize indwara y'ibihaha no kunanirwa k'umutima.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/dirk-devilliers/m0cj10sd?hl=en |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115164640/https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/dirk-devilliers/m0cj10sd?hl=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1942, de Villiers yatangiye gukina amakinamico menshi ya Johannesburg [[Ikinyafurikansi|Afrikaans]] Amateur Abakinnyi (JAATS). Hanyuma yashinze ishyirahamwe ryamakinamico hamwe na Schalk Theron. Hamwe n'ikinamico, yize ibijyanye n'ubukanishi, aho yaje gukorera ku cyambu cya Cape Town. Hanyuma yagiye i Londres mu masomo y’ubuhanga bwo mu nyanja. Amaze kugaruka, yabaye injeniyeri w'ubwato<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.afrikanergeskiedenis.co.za/dirk-de-villiers-1924-2009/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115164642/https://www.afrikanergeskiedenis.co.za/dirk-de-villiers-1924-2009/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Yatangiye umwuga wa film nkumukinnyi wa film ''Kruger Millions'' iyobowe na Ivan Hall. Muri filime, yakinnye nk'umuhemu wo mu mutwe wa Cavalier wiyahuye. Yakinnye kandi muri firime ,,, Kniediep, Kruger miljoene en Stadig oor die klippe. ''Tunga niggie yanjye'', ''Kavaliers'' . Yayoboye filime ye yambere ''yumukobwa Jy Is My Liefling'' . Iyi filime yakinnye na Franz Marx mu nshingano ze za mbere na Min Shaw. Nyuma yo gutsinda mubucuruzi muri firime, yakoze firime ''zamamaye, Die Geheim Van Nantes'' . Filime yahinduwe na serivise izwi cyane ya Springbok Radio, ikinwamo amajwi yose. Mu 1968 yakoze firime ye yambere yuzuye, ''You Are My Darling'' kandi ashingwa nkumukinnyi wa firime wabigize umwuga<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.afrikanergeskiedenis.co.za/dirk-de-villiers-1924-2009/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115164642/https://www.afrikanergeskiedenis.co.za/dirk-de-villiers-1924-2009/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307845922_Public_Theology_in_pluralistic_societies_Lessons_from_the_theology_of_Etienne_de_Villiers</ref> Mu 1972, de Villiers yakoze firime ishimishije ''My Broer Se Bril'' . Hanyuma mu 1974, yayoboye filime ebyiri ''Met Liefde Van Adele'' na ''Nyiricyubahiro'' . Hagati aho, mu 1976, yakoze filime ye ya mbere ''yamamaye ku'' ''rwego mpuzamahanga Glenda'' na Die diamantjagters. Mu 1978, yakoze ikinamico ''yerekanwe na euthanasiya yitwa Besluit om te sterf'' . Hagati aho, de Villiers yashinze Roodepoort Amateur Theatre Organisation (RATO). Zimwe muri firime yakunzwe cyane zirimo: ''Geheim van Nantes'', ''Kalahari Harry'', ''Die Spaanse Vlieg'', ''Daan en Doors op die dieggins'', ''Broer se bril'', ''Tant Ralie se losieshuis'', ''Die lewe sonder jou'', ''Die drie Van der Merwes'', ''Met liefde van Adéle'', ''My naam ni Dingetjie'', ''Witblits en Peach Brandy'', ''Dingetjie en Idi'', ''Die wit sluier en Kaalgat tussen bapfa daisies'' .<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2032540/characters/nm0222562</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scriling.com/smdb/people/983703/dirk-de-villiers |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115164641/https://www.scriling.com/smdb/people/983703/dirk-de-villiers |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-8pa2lq/witblits-peach-brandy/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115170142/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-8pa2lq/witblits-peach-brandy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role |- |1963 |''Huis op Horings'' |Actor: Manie |- |1964 |''Piet my Niggie'' |Actor: Hendrik Tallerman |- |1966 |''Kavaliers'' |Actor: Gen. de Wet |- |1967 |''Kruger Miljoene'' |Actor: van der Lindt |- |1967 |''The Cape Town Affair'' |Actor: Officer at security briefing |- |1967 |''Hoor My Lied'' |Actor: Former patient of Dawid |- |1968 |''Jy is My Liefling'' |Director, writer, Actor: van der Merwe |- |1969 |''Geheim van Nantes'' |Director, screenplay |- |1969 |''Stadig oor die Klippe'' |Actor: Bosman |- |1970 |''Die 3 v.d. Merwes'' |Director |- |1971 |''A New Life'' |Director |- |1972 |''Die Lewe Sonder Jou'' |Director, writer, Actor: Martin |- |1972 |''My Broer se Bril'' |Director, writer |- |1973 |''Die Wit Sluier'' |Director, screenplay, Actor: Dr. Fritz |- |1974 |''Pens en Pootjies'' |Director, executive producer |- |1974 |''La diosa virgen'' |Director, producer, writer, Actor: Flint |- |1974 |''Tant Ralie se Losieshuis'' |Director, Actor: Tommy |- |1974 |''Met Liefde van Adéle'' |Director, producer, story, screenplay |- |1975 |''My Naam is Dingetjie'' |Director, Actor: Mr. Roberts |- |1975 |''The Kingfisher Caper'' |Director, Actor: Les |- |1975 |''Daan en Doors Oppie Dieggins'' |Director, story, screenplay, Actor: Rival digger |- |1976 |''Snake Dancer'' |Director, producer |- |1977 |''Die Ryk Weduwee'' |Director |- |1977 |''Crazy People: 'n Mal Mensdom'' |Director, Actor: Afrikaans narrator |- |1977 |''Dingetjie & Idi'' |Director, producer |- |1978 |''Die Spaanse Vlieg'' |Director |- |1978 |''Decision to Die'' |Director |- |1978 |''Witblits & Peach Brandy'' |Director, screenplay |- |1979 |''Charlie Word 'n Ster'' |Director, screenplay |- |1979 |''Herfsland'' |Actor: Senator Gideon Scheepers |- |1980 |''Nie Vanweë die Duisternis'' |Actor |- |1980 |''April 1980'' |Actor: Gaffie Krige |- |1981 |''Interster'' |Producer |- |1984 |''Jantjie'' |Director |- |1986 |''Suidpunt-Hotel'' |Director |- |1986 |''You Gotta Be Crazy!'' |Director, Actor: Himself |- |1986 |''Ou Grote'' |Director |- |1986 |''Abashokobezi'' |Director |- |1989 |''Cape Rebel'' |Director, producer |- |1990 |''That Englishwoman: An Account of the Life of Emily Hobhouse'' |Director, producer |- |1991 |''Die Allemans'' |Producer |- |1992 |''Arende II: MoordenaarsKaroo'' |Director, producer |- |1993 |''Arende III: Dorsland'' |Director, producer, Actor: Crazy man |- |1994 |''Kalahari Harry'' |Director, producer, screenplay |- |1994 |''[[:en:Arende_(film)|Arende]]'' |Director |- |1996 |''Meeulanders'' |Producer |- |1997 |''Kaalgat Tussen die Daisies'' |Producer, Actor: Kowus Pelzer |- |1999 |''Hunt for the Man in the Moon'' |Producer |- |2001 |''Lied van die Lappop'' |Director, producer |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] ngepjjx77dl18k331n5urwa3rn5n325 0 9586 132240 116484 2026-06-19T05:37:12Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132240 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Filipe Duarte cantor.png|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Duarte travessoss.png|thumb|filipe duarte]] '''Luís Filipe Duarte Ferreira da Silva''', uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''Filipe Duarte''' (5 Kamena 1973 - 17 Mata 2020), yari umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Porutigali|Portugal]] akaba n'umuhanzi w'ijwi<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1379813/</ref>. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Variações: Umumarayika Murinzi'', ''Cinzento e Negro'' na ''Urusaku'' <ref>https://expresso.pt/cultura/2020-04-17-Morreu-o-ator-Filipe-Duarte</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1379813/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 5 Kamena 1973 i Nova Lisboa, icyo gihe avukira mu gihugu cya [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] na [[Angola]] . Yashakanye n'umukinnyi wa filime wo muri Espagne, Nuria Mencía<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/77409-filipe-duarte</ref> . Abashakanye bafite umukobwa umwe, Antonia wavutse muri Werurwe 2011<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/77409-filipe-duarte</ref>. Duarte yapfuye ku ya 17 Mata 2020, ubwo COVID-19 yafungwaga bwa mbere muri [[Porutigali|Porutugali]], afite imyaka 46 azize indwara ya myocardial<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://heavy.com/entertainment/2020/04/filipe-duarte-dead-days-gone/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-22 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122035934/https://heavy.com/entertainment/2020/04/filipe-duarte-dead-days-gone/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> . == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:Filipe Duarte show.png|thumb]] Duarte yarangije amasomo yikinamico kuri theatre kuri Theatre ya Lisbonne na School of Film <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://latestbios.com/usa/filipe-duarte-bio-wiki-age/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-22 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122041439/https://latestbios.com/usa/filipe-duarte-bio-wiki-age/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Hanyuma yarangije amahugurwa yabakinnyi mu kigo cyubushakashatsi no guhanga amakinamico. Yatangiye umwuga we wo gukina akina amakinamico menshi ayobowe n'abayobozi b'amakinamico bazwi cyane Adolfo Gutkin, Rogério de Carvalho, Geraldo Touché, Francisco Salgado, Carlos J. Pessoa, Laila Ripol na Miguel Seabra<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dn.pt/pais/ator-filipe-duarte-morre-aos-46-anos-12083903.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-22 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122035937/https://www.dn.pt/pais/ator-filipe-duarte-morre-aos-46-anos-12083903.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Kuri televiziyo, yakinnye kuri filimi''Teorema de Pitágoras'', iyobowe na Gonçalo Galvão Telles.<ref>https://www.dnoticias.pt/2020/4/17/58308-morreu-o-actor-filipe-duarte</ref> Hanyuma yinjiye muri ''serivise ebyiri za televiziyo A Ferreirinha'', iyobowe na Jorge Paixão da Costa na ''João Semana'', na João Cayatte. Amaze kuba umukinnyi uzwi cyane muri serial, yagize uruhare runini muri serie ya ''Ecuador'' yari ishingiye ku gitabo cyanditswe na Miguel Sousa Tavares . Muri 2013, yakinnye cyane 'João Belmonte' muri seri ya televiziyo ''Belmonte''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://offgridviews.blogspot.com/2021/10/filipe-duarte-actor.html?m=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-22 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122035935/https://offgridviews.blogspot.com/2021/10/filipe-duarte-actor.html?m=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Hagati aho, Filipe yakoraga amajwi asanzwe yerekana amakatuni na firime zirimo umuntu uzwi cyane 'Sanosuke Sagara' muri animasiyo ya ''Samurai X''<ref>https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/211606255/filipe-duarte</ref>''.'' Igihe yapfaga mu 2020, yafataga amajwi y'ikinamico yo muri Berezile ''Amor de Mãe'', yerekanaga kuri SIC, yinjira mu bakinnyi ba filime ''Nothing Ever Happened'' iyobowe na Gonçalo Galvão Teles<ref>https://www.dnoticias.pt/2020/4/17/58308-morreu-o-actor-filipe-duarte</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1997 |''13º Buraco'' | |Short film |- |1999 |''Jardim da Celeste'' | |TV Series |- |1999 |''À Deriva'' |Luís |Short film |- |2001 |''A Febre do Ouro Negro'' |Xico Perigoso |TV Mini-Series |- |2001 |''Teorema de Pitágoras'' |Henrique |TV Movie |- |2001 |''Bastidores'' |Afonso |TV Series |- |2002 |''Sociedade Anónima'' | |TV Series |- |2002 |''Fúria de Viver'' |Pedro Lacerda |TV Series |- |2003 |''Just by Chance'' |Carlos |TV Series |- |2003 |''Cacto'' |Fred |Short film |- |2003 |''Os Imortais'' |Abel Cavaco |Film |- |2004 |''The Miracle According to Salomé'' |Tenente Brás |Film |- |2004 |''The Murmuring Coast'' |Luis |Film |- |2004 |''A Ferreirinha'' |António Bernardo |TV Series |- |2004 |''Confissões de 2 Deputados'' | |Short film |- |2005 |''Um Tiro no Escuro'' |Engenheiro |Film |- |2005 |''João Semana'' |Zé do Telhado |TV Series |- |2005 |''Uma Noite ao Acaso'' | |Short film |- |2005 |''Um Amor Próprio'' |Passenger |Short film |- |2006 |''Estranho'' |Husband |TV Series |- |2006 |''Blood Curse'' |Luis |Film |- |2006 |''Fatal'' |Batarda |Short film |- |2006 |''Os Caminheiros'' | |Short film |- |2007 |''Antes de Amanhã'' | |Short film |- |2007 |''A Outra Margem'' |Ricardo |Film |- |2008 |''[[:en:Nuit_de_chien|Nuit de chien]]'' |Júlio |Film |- |2008 |''Noise'' |Paulo |Film |- |2008 |''Castelos no Ar'' |Júlio |Short film |- |2008 |''[[:en:4_Hearts|4 Copas]]'' |Miguel |Film |- |2008 |''Equador'' |Luís Bernardo Valença |TV Mini-Series |- |2010 |''Voodoo'' | |Short film |- |2010 |''Senhor X'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''Redenção'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''O Legado do Pai'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''Casa c/ Piscina'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''Zoo'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''Barcelona, Neutral City'' |Pedro |TV Series |- |2011 |''Tejo'' |Inspector |Short film |- |2011 |''A Primeira Ceia'' |António |Short film |- |2012 |''Imagine'' |Stranger |Film |- |2012 |''Pháon'' | |Short film |- |2013 |''A Ceia'' |Paulo |Short film |- |2013 |''[[:en:The_Invisible_Life|The Invisible Life]]'' |Hugo |Film |- |2014 |''[[:en:The_Time_in_Between_(TV_series)|The Time in Between]]'' |Da Silva |TV Series |- |2014 |''O Pesadelo de João'' | |Short film |- |2013 |''[[:en:Belmonte_(TV_series)|Belmonte]]'' |João Belmonte |TV Series |- |2015 |''Dinis e Isabel'' |D. Dinis |Short film |- |2015 |''Cinzento e Negro'' |Lucas Oliveira e Silva |Film |- |2015 |''O Assalto'' |Assaltante |Short film |- |2015 |''Tales from the Circus'' |Pepe |Short film |- |2016 |''Terapia'' |Jorge Velez |TV Series |- |2016 |''Histórias de Alice'' |Olavo |Film |- |2016 |''The Death of Louis XIV'' |Noble |Film |- |2016 |''Os Boys'' |César |TV Series |- |2017 |''Traça: Mar Deserto'' | |Short film |- |2018 |''El accidente'' |Paul Bresson |TV Series |- |2018 |''[[:en:La_otra_mirada|La otra mirada]]'' |Vanildo "Nildo" Zacarías de Azevedo |TV Series |- |2019 |''[[:en:Matadero|Matadero]]'' |Vasco |TV Series |- |2019 |''[[:en:Variações_(film)|Variações]]'' |Fernando Ataíde |Film |- |2020 |''Mosquito'' |Tenente do Posto |Film |- |2020 |''[[:en:Amor_de_Mãe|Amor de Mãe]]'' |Gabo |TV Series |- |2020 |''Nothing Ever Happened'' |Jorge |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 3rlv584apirj8xrh5ue48negpw5ctni 0 9757 132232 116163 2026-06-19T01:47:21Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132232 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34.jpg|thumb|igihugu yavukiyemo afurika yepfo]] '''Arno Marais''' (yavutse 19 Mata 1984), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe muri ''seri'' zizwi cyane Stroomop, ''Die Boekklub'' na ''Reconnect'' . == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 19 Mata 1984 i Bloemfontein muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Nyina ni Corrie Viviers. == Umwuga == Mu 2009, yakinnye nk'inzobere mu by'ikoranabuhanga 'Benjamin le Roux' muri opera izwi cyane ''Isidingo'' aho igice cye cyanyuze ku ya 20 Ugushyingo. <ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=16514</ref> Muri 2016, yagaragaye muri serivise yikinamico ya kykNET ''Die Boekklub'' akina nka 'Herman Mouton'. Mu mpera za 2016, yagize ikiruhuko cyimyaka ibiri kuva ''Isidingo'' . Muri kiriya gihe, yinjiye mu bakinnyi ba televiziyo ya ''Sokhulu & Partners'' maze akina nka 'Adv. Nick Edwards '. Hanyuma yagaragaye kuri serial ''7de Laan'' muburyo bugaruka. Hanyuma muri 2017, asubira muri ''Isidingo'' . <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/arno-marais-is-back-on-isidingo-9432520</ref> == Impanuka == Ku ya 28 Nyakanga 2010, yagize impanuka y'imodoka yahitanye Kobus Venter, umwangavu. Marais yarakomeretse cyane aguma muri koma ibyumweru bine mu bitaro by’amasomo bya Steve Biko i Pretoria. <ref>https://www.news24.com/You/Archive/isidingos-arno-moms-coma-vigal-20170728</ref> Nk’uko amakuru aturuka mu bitaro abitangaza, ngo yabyimbye mu bwonko mu gihe cya koma ndetse no kuva amaraso imbere. Yasize ibihaha yarajanjaguwe, bityo akoresha ubuhumekero. <ref>https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/the-citizen-kzn/20100728/282260956747682</ref> Yamaze ibyumweru bitandatu mu bitaro. <ref>https://www.news24.com/You/Archive/isidingos-arno-marais-charged-after-crash-20170728</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2012, yitabye urukiko bwa mbere muri Pretoria ku bijyanye n'impanuka. <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/news/isidingo-star-in-court-after-fatal-accident-1378612</ref> == Impaka == Muri 2018, yashyizeho Tweets nyinshi yibasira Abayisilamu kandi yatanze ibitekerezo bimwe bikemangwa kuri Islam . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/isidingo-star-arno-marais-islam-tweets/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128104851/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/isidingo-star-arno-marais-islam-tweets/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Televiziyo === * ''Gupfa Boekklub - Igihe cya 1 na 2'' nka Herman Mouton * ''Eish!'' ''Saan - Igihe cya 1'' nk'icyamamare Prankster * ''Getroud yahuye na Rugby: Gupfa Sepie - Ibihe 3, 4, 5'' nka Thinus * ''Isidingo - Igihe cya 1'' nka Benjamin le Roux * ''Sokhulu & Abafatanyabikorwa - Igihe cya 3'' nkuwunganira. Nick Edwards == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2015 | ''Ongera uhuze'' | Mat | Filime |- | 2018 | ''Inzu'' | Phillip | Filime |- | 2019 | ''Igitangaza'' | Pasiteri Gregory | Filime ngufi |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] sb8ay69qc50ne1ww9i4tso1ia1czpc9 0 12739 132212 130332 2026-06-18T13:02:17Z Mamaeked 18411 132212 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:James Kabarebe.jpg|thumb|President w'icyubahiro wa APR FC]] APR FC ni Ikipe y’ingabo z’igihugu cyu [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aprfc.rw/amafoto-apr-fc-igeze-muri-tunisia-2/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-17 |archive-date=2022-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914235028/http://www.aprfc.rw/amafoto-apr-fc-igeze-muri-tunisia-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/?s=apr+fc</ref> === AMATEKA === APR FC mu mwaka wa 2022 mu mikino nyafurika ihuza amakipe yabaye ayambere iwayo [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika|CAF]] CHAMPIONS LEAGUE iyi kipe y' ingabo z' igihugu ifite ibigwi bitari bike hano mu [[Rwanda]] ariko hanze y' imbibi z' u Rwanda nta bigwi bihamye iragira. Aya mateka yatangiye ubwo [[MUGUNGA Yves]] yatsinda US Monastir igitego kimwe ari nacyo cyaranze uwo mukino wo kuwa 10 Nzeri 2022, wabereye kuri stade mpuzamahanga ya Huye, ndetse ubu kuri icyi cyumweru APR FC ifite umukino wo kwishyura uzabera i Monastir muri Tunisia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/mugunga-yves-yavunikiye-mu-myitozo-mbere-yo-guhura-na-us-monastir |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-18 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170746/https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/mugunga-yves-yavunikiye-mu-myitozo-mbere-yo-guhura-na-us-monastir |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.besoccer.com/match/apr-fc/us-monastirienne/2023294199 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-18 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170719/https://www.besoccer.com/match/apr-fc/us-monastirienne/2023294199 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == uko ikipe ya APR muriyimisti yubaste == Urwego ruremereye shampiyona yo mu rwanda y'icyiciro cya mbere mu rwanda amakipe akomeje guhangana kurwegorwohejuru harimo nki kipe ya rayon sport ifite amanota(59) ikipe ya APR ifite amanota(58) abafana ba APR bakomeje kwibaza niba izatwara igikombe bitewe nibibazo ifite kuri uyu wa kabiri umutoza Darko Novic nabamwungirije birukanywe bitewe numusaruro muke abafana bakomeje kwibaza niba imikino itatu basigaje bazayitsindwa == AMASHAKIRO == [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] <references /> l2u4v00af573a81mycc6jx7salmclhd 132213 132212 2026-06-18T13:03:20Z Mamaeked 18411 132213 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:James Kabarebe.jpg|thumb|President w'icyubahiro wa APR FC]] APR FC ni Ikipe y’ingabo z’igihugu cyu [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aprfc.rw/amafoto-apr-fc-igeze-muri-tunisia-2/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-17 |archive-date=2022-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914235028/http://www.aprfc.rw/amafoto-apr-fc-igeze-muri-tunisia-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/?s=apr+fc</ref> === AMATEKA === APR FC mu mwaka wa 2022 mu mikino nyafurika ihuza amakipe yabaye ayambere iwayo [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika|CAF]] CHAMPIONS LEAGUE iyi kipe y' ingabo z' igihugu ifite ibigwi bitari bike hano mu [[Rwanda]] ariko hanze y' imbibi z' u Rwanda nta bigwi bihamye iragira. Aya mateka yatangiye ubwo [[MUGUNGA Yves]] yatsinda US Monastir igitego kimwe ari nacyo cyaranze uwo mukino wo kuwa 10 Nzeri 2022, wabereye kuri stade mpuzamahanga ya Huye, ndetse ubu kuri icyi cyumweru APR FC ifite umukino wo kwishyura uzabera i Monastir muri Tunisia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/mugunga-yves-yavunikiye-mu-myitozo-mbere-yo-guhura-na-us-monastir |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-18 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170746/https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/mugunga-yves-yavunikiye-mu-myitozo-mbere-yo-guhura-na-us-monastir |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.besoccer.com/match/apr-fc/us-monastirienne/2023294199 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-18 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170719/https://www.besoccer.com/match/apr-fc/us-monastirienne/2023294199 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == uko ikipe ya APR muriyimisti yubaste == Urwego ruremereye shampiyona yo mu rwanda y'icyiciro cya mbere mu rwanda amakipe akomeje guhangana kurwegorwohejuru harimo nki kipe ya rayon sport ifite amanota(59) ikipe ya APR ifite amanota(58) abafana ba APR bakomeje kwibaza niba izatwara igikombe bitewe nibibazo ifite kuri uyu wa kabiri umutoza Darko Novic nabamwungirije birukanywe bitewe numusaruro muke, abafana bakomeje kwibaza niba imikino itatu basigaje batazayitsindwa. == AMASHAKIRO == [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] <references /> myzzvxmlx2xiymq77a2v73wrxm81xdl 0 13504 132220 132073 2026-06-18T14:22:40Z Alexa-Nicky 13361 132220 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aegis logo.jpg|thumb]] '''Aegis Trust''' yashinzwe mu 2000, ni umuryango mugari utegamiye kuri Leta w'Abongereza uharanira gukumira jenoside ku isi. Ikigo cya Aegis Trust gishingiye ku kigo cy’Abayahudi cyafunguwe mu 1995, gihuza itsinda ry’Abadepite bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ishinzwe gukumira Jenoside mu, gutera inkunga Itsinda rishinzwe gukumira Jenoside ([[Kanada]]) kandi rikaba rishinzwe [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|’Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]], bibukiraho Jaenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu w'1994 no kwigisha ibisekuru bindi ku kaga ko kwicamo ibice no kwiremamo amoko. == Amateka == umuryango Aegis Trust washinzwe n'abavandimwe James na Stephen Smith, mu rwego rwo kuva mu ishyirwaho rya Beth Shalom, Urwibutso rwa Holocaust mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], mu 1995. Intangiriro y’ikibazo cya Kosovo mu 1999 yatanze umusemburo w’iterambere rya Aegis. Kubera ikibazo cy’isubiramo ry’ihohoterwa rya jenoside, Smiths yashubije atangiza ubujurire bw’akarere mu burasirazuba bwa Midland. Mu 2002, Aegis yakiriye inama ihuriweho n’ibiro by’ububanyi n’amahanga na Commonwealth . Igikorwa cya Aegis gikurikira imirongo itatu: uburezi, kurinda no gufasha abarokotse. == Igihembo cya Aegis == Yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2002 na Aegis Trust, igihembo cya Aegis Trust gitangwa "kubera ubutunzi, n'ubutwari mu kubungabunga ndetse noguha agaciro [[Ubuzima|k'ubuzima]] bwa muntu ". bahawe gihembo kigamije guha icyubahiro abantu, mu bikorwa bitandukanye na benshi, bagaragaza ko bubaha ubuzima bwa muntu burenze ingengabitekerezo, politiki, inyungu, inyungu z'umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa akazi ndetse n'umutekano bwite, mu bihe ubuzima bw'abantu bugeramiwe kubera umwirondoro wabo nk'itsinda rikorerwa ihohoterwa rusange . Igihembo cyemera kubungabunga agaciro k'ubuzima bwa muntu, aho kubungabunga ubuzima ubwabwo. Byerekeranye n'indangagaciro n'ubutwari inyuma y'ibikorwa, aho kuba intsinzi ifatika cyangwa kunanirwa kw'ibyo bikorwa mugushikira ibizagerwaho. Igihembo gitangwa hashingiwe ku nyungu z'umuntu ku [[Personal merit|giti cye]], kabone niyo uwahawe yari mu kazi k'umuryango mugihe ibikorwa byamenyekanye. Igihembo kigizwe na dipolome, umudari wa 'Aegis' n'amafaranga. Igihembo ni mpuzamahanga kandi gishobora guhabwa umuntu uwo ari we wese aho ariho hose. Umunyakanada Lt. Gen. Roméo Dallaire ni we wahawe igihembo cya mbere cya Aegis, kubera imbaraga yagize nk'umuyobozi w'ingabo z'umuryango w'abibumbye mu [[Rwanda]] mu gukumira cyangwa kugabanya ubukana bwa Jenoside mu Rwanda mu 1994, nubwo yategetswe n'abayobozi be inshuro eshatu kuvaho. Igihembo cyahawe Jenerali na Rt. Hon. Depite Peter Hain, wari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’Ububanyi n’amahanga (UK), muri salle nkuru ya Westminster i Londres - mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo nk'ahantu hazabera Inteko rusange ya mbere y’umuryango w’abibumbye mu 1946. == Hagarara (STAND) == GUHAGARIKA (ahahoze hitwa ''Abanyeshuri Bafata Ibikorwa Noneho: Darfur'' ) ni itsinda riharanira abanyeshuri ryahujwe na Aegis Trust muri Mata 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Russell |first=Alex |date=2015-04-09 |title=US anti-genocide movement STAND merges with the Aegis Trust |url=https://www.aegistrust.org/us-anti-genocide-movement-stand-merges-with-the-aegis-trust/ |access-date=2019-10-08 |website=Aegis Trust |language=en-GB |archive-date=2019-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008033047/https://www.aegistrust.org/us-anti-genocide-movement-stand-merges-with-the-aegis-trust/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Yashinzwe mu 2003 muri kaminuza ya Georgetown nk'ishami riyobowe n’abanyeshuri ry’Ubumwe kugira ngo irangize Jenoside, STAND irwanya ihohoterwa ryabereye muri [[Mayanimari|Birmaniya]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Sudani]], [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani y'Amajyepfo]], na [[Siriya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://standnow.org/about/ |access-date=2019-03-23 |website=STAND |archive-date=2019-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323081326/https://standnow.org/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Amashakiro == * [http://www.aegistrust.org/ Urubuga rwa Aegis] * * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230127004538/https://www.aegisstudents.org/ Urubuga rwabanyeshuri ba Aegis] bxpsliqkea52lh257hb0c1eboshj1xw 132221 132220 2026-06-18T14:29:57Z Alexa-Nicky 13361 132221 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aegis logo.jpg|thumb]] '''Aegis Trust''' yashinzwe mu 2000, ni umuryango mugari utegamiye kuri Leta w'Abongereza uharanira gukumira jenoside ku isi. Ikigo cya Aegis Trust gishingiye ku kigo cy’Abayahudi cyafunguwe mu 1995, gihuza itsinda ry’Abadepite bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ishinzwe gukumira Jenoside mu, gutera inkunga Itsinda rishinzwe gukumira Jenoside ([[Kanada]]) kandi rikaba rishinzwe [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|’Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]], bibukiraho Jaenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu w'1994 no kwigisha ibisekuru bindi ku kaga ko kwicamo ibice no kwiremamo amoko. == Amateka == umuryango Aegis Trust washinzwe n'abavandimwe James na Stephen Smith, mu rwego rwo kuva mu ishyirwaho rya Beth Shalom, Urwibutso rwa Holocaust mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], mu 1995. Intangiriro y’ikibazo cya Kosovo mu 1999 yatanze umusemburo w’iterambere rya Aegis. Kubera ikibazo cy’isubiramo ry’ihohoterwa rya jenoside, Smiths yashubije atangiza ubujurire bw’akarere mu burasirazuba bwa Midland. Mu 2002, Aegis yakiriye inama ihuriweho n’ibiro by’ububanyi n’amahanga na Commonwealth . Igikorwa cya Aegis gikurikira imirongo itatu: uburezi, kurinda no gufasha abarokotse. == Igihembo cya Aegis == Yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2002 na Aegis Trust, igihembo cya Aegis Trust gitangwa "kubera ubutunzi, n'ubutwari mu kubungabunga ndetse noguha agaciro [[Ubuzima|k'ubuzima]] bwa muntu ". bahawe gihembo kigamije guha icyubahiro abantu, mu bikorwa bitandukanye na benshi, bagaragaza ko bubaha ubuzima bwa muntu burenze ingengabitekerezo, politiki, inyungu, inyungu z'umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa akazi ndetse n'umutekano bwite, mu bihe ubuzima bw'abantu bugeramiwe kubera umwirondoro wabo nk'itsinda rikorerwa ihohoterwa rusange . Igihembo cyemera kubungabunga agaciro k'ubuzima bwa muntu, aho kubungabunga ubuzima ubwabwo. Byerekeranye n'indangagaciro n'ubutwari inyuma y'ibikorwa, aho kuba intsinzi ifatika cyangwa kunanirwa kw'ibyo bikorwa mugushikira ibizagerwaho. Igihembo gitangwa hashingiwe ku nyungu z'umuntu ku [[Personal merit|giti cye]], kabone niyo uwahawe yari mu kazi k'umuryango mugihe ibikorwa byamenyekanye. Igihembo kigizwe na dipolome, umudari wa 'Aegis' n'amafaranga. Igihembo ni mpuzamahanga kandi gishobora guhabwa umuntu uwo ari we wese aho ariho hose. [[Dosiye:Aegis Malpractice Solutions.jpg|thumb]] Umunyakanada Lt. Gen. Roméo Dallaire ni we wahawe igihembo cya mbere cya Aegis, kubera imbaraga yagize nk'umuyobozi w'ingabo z'umuryango w'abibumbye mu [[Rwanda]] mu gukumira cyangwa kugabanya ubukana bwa Jenoside mu Rwanda mu 1994, nubwo yategetswe n'abayobozi be inshuro eshatu kuvaho. Igihembo cyahawe Jenerali na Rt. Hon. Depite Peter Hain, wari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’Ububanyi n’amahanga (UK), muri salle nkuru ya Westminster i Londres - mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo nk'ahantu hazabera Inteko rusange ya mbere y’umuryango w’abibumbye mu 1946. == Hagarara (STAND) == GUHAGARIKA (ahahoze hitwa ''Abanyeshuri Bafata Ibikorwa Noneho: Darfur'' ) ni itsinda riharanira abanyeshuri ryahujwe na Aegis Trust muri Mata 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Russell |first=Alex |date=2015-04-09 |title=US anti-genocide movement STAND merges with the Aegis Trust |url=https://www.aegistrust.org/us-anti-genocide-movement-stand-merges-with-the-aegis-trust/ |access-date=2019-10-08 |website=Aegis Trust |language=en-GB |archive-date=2019-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008033047/https://www.aegistrust.org/us-anti-genocide-movement-stand-merges-with-the-aegis-trust/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Yashinzwe mu 2003 muri kaminuza ya Georgetown nk'ishami riyobowe n’abanyeshuri ry’Ubumwe kugira ngo irangize Jenoside, STAND irwanya ihohoterwa ryabereye muri [[Mayanimari|Birmaniya]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Sudani]], [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani y'Amajyepfo]], na [[Siriya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://standnow.org/about/ |access-date=2019-03-23 |website=STAND |archive-date=2019-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323081326/https://standnow.org/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Amashakiro == * [http://www.aegistrust.org/ Urubuga rwa Aegis] * * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230127004538/https://www.aegisstudents.org/ Urubuga rwabanyeshuri ba Aegis] 7d2t1zh9izoyyqlv7sc9bmnwdwk8goo 0 13959 132238 121538 2026-06-19T05:14:39Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132238 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Etran Finatawa at Hillside 2011.jpg|thumb|Itsinda rya Etran Finatawa riri ku rubyiniro]] '''Etran Finatawa''' ni itsinda rya muzika riherereye muri [[Nigeri]], ryashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2004 mu birori byitwa ''festival au Désert'' byabereye hafi ya Timbuktu, muri [[Mali]]. Umuziki wa Etran Finatawa uhuza umuziki gakondo w'abantu ba Wodaabe na Tuareg n'ibikoresho bya muzika byo mu burengerazuba nka gitari y'amashanyarazi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NPR: Niger's Nomadic Blues |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=98124415 |access-date=2009-12-25}}</ref> Kuva mu mwaka wa 2005 bazengurutse cyane ku mugabane w'Iburayi, Amerika, [[Kanada]] no muri [[Ositaraliya]]. Mu mwaka wa 2007, alubumu yabo ya mbere yitwa ''Introducing Etran Finatawa'' (yo mu mwaka wa 2006) yatorewe guhatanira igihembo cya Radio BBC kikaba Igihembo cy'umuziki w'isi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC- Awards for World Music 2007 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/worldmusic/a4wm2007/2007_etran_finatawa.shtml |access-date=2009-12-25}}</ref> Basohoye follow-up, ''Desert Crossroads'', mu 2008, naho 2010 basohora ''Tarkat Tajje / Reka tugende'' . Muri 2013, itsinda ryasohoye alubumu yabo ya kane yitwa, ''The Sahara Sessions'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tangari |first=Joe |date=10 June 2013 |title=Etran Finatawa: The Sahara Sessions |url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/18157-etran-finatawa-the-sahara-sessions/ |access-date=10 June 2013 |publisher=Pitchfork Media}}</ref> Izina ry'itsinda risobanura "inyenyeri gakondo". == Disikogarafi == ; Alubumu za studio * ''Introducing Etran Finatawa'' (2006) * ''Desert Crossroads'' (2008) * ''Tarkat Tajje / Let's Go'' (2010) * ''The Sahara Sessions'' (2013) ; Umusanzu hamwe n'abandi bahanzi * ''The Rough Guide to Desert Blues'' (2010, World Music Network ) * ''The Rough Guide to Acoustic Africa'' (2013, World Music Network) * ''Etran'' - indirimbo ya Disclosure (2020) == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230507114017/https://etranfinatawa.com/ Urubuga rwemewe rwa Etran Finatawa] * [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=98124415 Etran Finatawa: Nijeri Nomadic Blues] : Ikiranga NPR kuri Etran Finatawa [[Ikiciro:Umuziki]] in5bbuk4j34yk67uj5vmkrdsgp9zl09 0 14519 132227 105670 2026-06-18T14:59:25Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 impinduka 132227 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishyirahamwe rya Siporo rya Muhanga''' rizwi ku izina rya AS Muhanga ni club y'[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] iherereye mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Muhanga]], mu ntara y'[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] mu gihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]]. Kuri ubu iyi kipe irushanwa muri [[Shampiyona y’ icyiciro cya mbere mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda|Shampiyona y’icyiciro cya mbere mu mupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda]], <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Rwanda - Muhanga FC - Results and fixtures - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/rwanda/muhanga-fc/17090/matches/ |access-date=14 March 2019 |website=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> ikinira imikino yayo (iyo yakiriye andi makipe) iwayo kuri Stade ya Karere ka Muhanga. * [[A.S muhanga]] == '''AMASHAKIRO;''' == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/rwanda/muhanga-fc/17090 Umupira w'amaguru] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Muhanga]] px1dxl7iyb1igjftnp6n5rlk7hjuuse 0 16759 132224 125977 2026-06-18T14:46:48Z Alexa-Nicky 13361 132224 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aero Zambia B707-336C 5Y-BNJ.jpg|thumb]] '''Aero Zambia''' yari sosiyete y'indege ikorera muri [[Zambiya]]. Aero Zambia yasimbuye Zambia Airways yari yarahombye kandi yemererwa kuba umunyamuryango wuzuye wa IATA (Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ryo gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu kirere) ku itariki 11 Mata 1996. Sosiyete y'indege yakoresheje abakozi 300 yakoreraga mu byerekezo birimo i [[Lusaka]] yerekeza i Johannesburg, Ndola, [[Nairobi]], [[Harare]] na Dar es Salaam. <ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=KBmGpaD36cMC&redir_esc=y</ref> Batangaga serivisi zikubiye mu byiciro bitanukanye birimo icyiciro cy'ubucuruzi n'icyiciro cy'ubukungu. Aero Zambia yakoreshaga indege ebyiri zo mu bwoko bwa Boeing 737-200s, 9J-AFU na 9J-AFW yo ikaba yari verisiyo ikomatanyije. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aero Zambia Fleet Details and History |url=https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Aero-Zambia |access-date=2016-08-12 |website=www.planespotters.net}}</ref> == Amateka == Iyi sosiyete y'indege yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1996. Ku itariki ya 19 Mutarama 2000, Guverinoma ya Zambiya yarayihagaritse kubera impungenge z'umutekano. Impamvu nyamukuru nuko haraho byari bihuriye na politike hagati ya David Tokoph n'abayobozi ba guverinoma ya Zambiya. <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200103130123.html</ref> == Amato == [[Dosiye:Boeing_737-202C,_Aero_Zambia_AN2308601.jpg|thumb| Aero Zambiya Boeing 737-202 muri OR Tambo International AIrport mu mwaka wa 1999]] Amato ya Aero Zambiya yari agizwe n'indege zikurikira: * 5 Boeing 737-200 * 1 Boeing 707 == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Indege]] [[Ikiciro:Ingendo]] htr9zu1m89m4q0zn5vuu7n2fwrzytso 132226 132224 2026-06-18T14:53:54Z Alexa-Nicky 13361 132226 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aero Zambia B707-336C 5Y-BNJ.jpg|thumb|Sosiyete y'Ubwikorezi ]] '''Aero Zambia''' yari sosiyete y'indege ikorera muri [[Zambiya]]. Aero Zambia yasimbuye Zambia Airways yari yarahombye kandi yemererwa kuba umunyamuryango wuzuye wa IATA (Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ryo gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu kirere) ku itariki 11 Mata 1996. Sosiyete y'indege yakoresheje abakozi 300 yakoreraga mu byerekezo birimo i [[Lusaka]] yerekeza i Johannesburg, Ndola, [[Nairobi]], [[Harare]] na Dar es Salaam. <ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=KBmGpaD36cMC&redir_esc=y</ref> Batangaga serivisi zikubiye mu byiciro bitanukanye birimo icyiciro cy'ubucuruzi n'icyiciro cy'ubukungu. Aero Zambia yakoreshaga indege ebyiri zo mu bwoko bwa Boeing 737-200s, 9J-AFU na 9J-AFW yo ikaba yari verisiyo ikomatanyije. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aero Zambia Fleet Details and History |url=https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Aero-Zambia |access-date=2016-08-12 |website=www.planespotters.net}}</ref> == Amateka == Iyi sosiyete y'indege yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1996. Ku itariki ya 19 Mutarama 2000, Guverinoma ya Zambiya yarayihagaritse kubera impungenge z'umutekano. Impamvu nyamukuru nuko haraho byari bihuriye na politike hagati ya David Tokoph n'abayobozi ba guverinoma ya Zambiya. <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200103130123.html</ref> == Amato == [[Dosiye:Boeing_737-202C,_Aero_Zambia_AN2308601.jpg|thumb| Aero Zambiya Boeing 737-202 muri OR Tambo International AIrport mu mwaka wa 1999]] Amato ya Aero Zambiya yari agizwe n'indege zikurikira: * 5 Boeing 737-200 * 1 Boeing 707 == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Indege]] [[Ikiciro:Ingendo]] lmf4o4o5vpytk0lk1zigc5jlw9fw2as 0 17061 132242 121794 2026-06-19T08:50:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132242 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Super Constellation at Salisbury Airport Rhodesia.JPG|thumb|'''''Super Constellation''''' yaparitse ku kibuga cy'indege cya Charles Prince mu mwaka wa 1975 ikoreshwa nk'inzu yo kwidagaduriramo.]] [[Dosiye:Harare in Zimbabwe (adm).svg|thumb|Ikibuga cy'indege muri Zimbabwe]]   {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="2" |Incamake |- |'''Ubwoko bw'ikibuga''' |Rubanda (Rusange) |- |'''Umukoresha''' |pilot (PPL) |- |'''Ikorera''' |Harare |- |'''Aho biherereye''' |Mount Hampden |- |'''Kuzamuka AMSL''' |Metero 1,477 |- |'''Guhuza''' |271092 [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Charles_Prince_Airport&params=17_45_05_S_30_55_30_E_type:airport 17°45′05″S 30°55′30″E] |} '''Ikibuga cy'indege cya Charles Prince''', iki kibuga cy'indege cyahoze cyitwa Mount Hampden nyuma yaho kiza guhindurirwa izina cyitirirwa uwahoze ari umuyobozi w'ikibuga cy'indege Charles Prince <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhodesia |url=http://www.a2oxford.info/Pages/rhodesia/pages/charles_prince.html |access-date=2018-09-03 |website=www.a2oxford.info |archive-date=2016-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103093336/http://www.a2oxford.info/Pages/rhodesia/pages/charles_prince.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> (wari umusirikare mukuru w'ingabo z'irwanira mu kirere mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose ), ugereranije kiri nko muri kilometero 16 (16 km) mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa [[Harare]], mu gihugu cya [[Zimbabwe]]. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yabaye nk'itsinda rya Rhodesian Training Training Group, ryigisha abapilote muri gahunda yiswe [[:en:British_Commonwealth_Air_Training_Plan|British Commonwealth Air Training Plan]]. Mu mwaka wa 1973 ikibuga cy'indege cyarahinduwe gikoreshwa n'abasivili. Radio y'itumanaho ku kibuga cy'indege cya Charles Prince i Harare iherereye mu kibuga cy;indege. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Prince NDB (CP) @ OurAirports |url=http://ourairports.com/navaids/CP/Charles_Prince_NDB_ZW/#lat=-17.751399993896484,lon=30.926599502563477,zoom=10,type=Satellite |access-date=2018-09-03 |website=ourairports.com |archive-date=2018-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903151030/http://ourairports.com/navaids/CP/Charles_Prince_NDB_ZW/#lat=-17.751399993896484,lon=30.926599502563477,zoom=10,type=Satellite |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=SkyVector: Flight Planning / Aeronautical Charts |url=https://skyvector.com/?ll=-17.75156,30.924706&chart=301&zoom=1 |access-date=2018-09-03 |website=skyvector.com}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Ubwikorezi muri Zimbabwe * [[Urutonde rw'ibibuga by'indege muri Zimbabwe]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20160828180544/http://ourairports.com/airports/FVCP/pilot-info.html#general OurAirports - Charles Prince] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20130405164805/http://worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?id=ZI12102 World Aero Data] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20071013011618/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/aa-africa/zim/zim-af-bases.htm Zimbabwe Military Air Bases and Airfields] ** [https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=13/-17.7586/30.9291 OpenStreetMap - Charles Prince Airport] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20230924204503/http://a2oxford.info/Pages/rhodesia/rhodesia.html Rhodesia aviation] [[Ikiciro:Zimbabwe]] [[Ikiciro:Indege]] [[Ikiciro:Ikibuga]] q3o6pzn1ix15w2l55aqlb4ltazu9uld 0 18136 132233 127071 2026-06-19T02:06:49Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132233 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Portia Bangerezako''', ni umuyobozi wa Sustainability, Old Mutual Limited, amaze imyaka isaga 20 mubijyanye no gucunga ibidukikije no kuramba.<ref name=":0">https://www.africaleadership.net/fellows/class-xiv/portia-bangerezako/</ref><ref>https://www.angazaforum2023.com/speakers</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.oldmutual.co.za/corporate/resource-hub/all-articles/meet-portia-bangerezako-old-mutuals-new-head-of-sustainability/</ref><ref>https://www.wikimzansi.com/portia-bangerezako/</ref><ref>https://infrastructurenews.co.za/tag/portia-bangerezako/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://infrastructurenews.co.za/2016/07/20/water-risk-filter-launched-to-manage-business-risk/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-26 |archive-date=2025-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224073948/https://infrastructurenews.co.za/2016/07/20/water-risk-filter-launched-to-manage-business-risk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.angazaforum2023.com/speakers</ref><ref>https://futureofsustainability.co.za/the-old-mutual-future-of-sustainability-summit-day-2-highlights/</ref> Amaze gukora mu masangano y'ubukungu, ibidukikije n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage. Binyuze muri ubu busabane, Portia yizeye kuzagira icyo ihindura muburyo tubona no kwiyobora tugamije kugira ingaruka nziza. Yizera gutwara gahunda zigihugu cyacu - cyane cyane ibijyanye n’imyanda n’amazi. [[Dosiye:Shchyokino_Pond_IMG_3525_1280.jpg|thumb|Ibidukikije ]] == Amashuri == Portia ifite B Soc Sci yo muri kaminuza ya KwaZulu Natal kandi ifite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buyobozi bukomeza muri kaminuza ya Cambridge. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Akazi == Yakoze nk'inzobere mu bidukikije n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage mu rwego rwa serivisi ishinzwe imari kuva mu 2002 kandi afite uburambe mu mishinga mito n'iciriritse. Muri 2015 yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa UNEP FI (Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bidukikije gahunda y’imari) Afurika na Taskforce yo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iucncongress2020.org/programme/speakers/portia-bangerezako |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-26 |archive-date=2024-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326120802/https://www.iucncongress2020.org/programme/speakers/portia-bangerezako |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ishakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Ibigo by'ubwishingizi]] [[Ikiciro:Banki zo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] qu0xz1d3ctyl5n6h9aejo8l3z9d1lw9 0 18512 132216 128546 2026-06-18T13:34:06Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 impinduka 132216 wikitext text/x-wiki Umuyobozi mukuru wa Polisi y’ u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] CGP, Emmanuel K. Gasana, Kuri uyu wa 31 Kanama yahuye n’ urubyiruko rw’ abakorerabushake ruteraniye mu kigo cy’ amashuli cya Polisi giherereye mu Karere ka Musanze, aha umuyobozi wa Polisi akaba yabasabye kuba umusemburo w’ iterambere, bashyira imbaraga mu gukumira no kurwanya ibyaha binyuze mu guhanahana amakuru ku gihe n’inzego z’umutekano. Ni amahugurwa yah awe urubyiruko rugera kuri 300 mu gihe kingana n'iminsi 10, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Polisi yavuze ko guhanahana amakuru ku gihe no guhabwa amahugurwa atandukanye ko ari ngombwa kugira ngo ibyaha birimo nk’icuruzwa ry'abantu no kwigana amafaranga bibashe kurwanywa no gukumirwa mu gihugu<ref>https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/urubyiruko-rw-abakoranabushake-rwasabwe-kuba-umusemburo-w-iterambere/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=23897a551a1cd73b7e8df442aaeec2d7</ref>. Abari mumahugurwa bagaragaje ubushake bukomeye bwo kurwanya no gukumira ibyaha bitandukanye bafatanya ninzego zumutekano. '''AMASHAKIRO;''' https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/urubyiruko-rw-abakoranabushake-rwasabwe-kuba-umusemburo-w-iterambere/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=23897a551a1cd73b7e8df442aaeec2d7 tm7gru8u66tvvn3x6edmj83wq4vuty1 0 18525 132218 105214 2026-06-18T13:43:22Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 impinduka 132218 wikitext text/x-wiki Gang Rope [Jean d’Amour Mizinduko] na Glosby [Uwimana Glosby Gad] bahuriye mu ndirimbo ‘‘Let’s get it’’ nibo batwaye igihembo gikuru cya MNi cya miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo itanu by’amafaranga y’u [[Rwanda]] (1.250.000 FRW) nyuma y’uko bahiza abandi mu majwi y’ababatoye binyuze ku rubuga bwa MNI inategura iki gikorwa ifatanyije na RadioTV10. Ibyamamare byitabiriye uyu muhango wo guhemba Gang Rope na Glosby harimo Aline sano. AMASHAKIRO<ref>https://radiotv10.rw/ibihe-byingenzi-byaranze-itangwa-ryibihembo-bya-mni-byasize-glosby-na-gang-rope-bahawe-igihembo-gikuru-amafoto/</ref> gtxht1pqqfobpgoice7ywznj0gedrhe 0 19619 132209 126634 2026-06-18T12:32:14Z Divine2004 10613 132209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ABAKONYINE''' ===== '''Abakonyine nibantu ki?''' ===== Muntara y'iburasirazuba haba ubwoko bw'abantu butandukanye harimo nubu bwa abakonyine ,abobantu bakunze kuba barebare,abatesi,ndetse batunga inka nyinshi cyane ugerera nyije nahandi mu gihugu cyu rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-bizimana-yavuze-ku-bitana-amazina-arimo-abakiga-abakonyine-abashi-n |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-12-17 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219135223/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-bizimana-yavuze-ku-bitana-amazina-arimo-abakiga-abakonyine-abashi-n |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Abobantu ntibakunda kurya ahubwo bakunda amata cyane,ikindi n'amata yinka gusa muri rusange gukunda amata bifitanye isano n'umuco w'ubworozi kuruta kuba Ari ikimenyetso cy'abo. 94rxwtb2zhkq7nq02n2m7cldh1j92lx 0 19652 132241 131551 2026-06-19T07:23:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''<u><big>PROKIZZY TITO</big></u>''''' PROKIZZY TITO is an emerging Rwandan digital creator, website developer such as ([https://web.archive.org/web/20260602141718/https://corepk.netlify.app/ CORE PK]) and video producer. Based in [[Kigali]], Rwanda, he has actively built his profile around multimedia arts and digital production. Key Roles & Background Multimedia Creator: He works as a video producer, editor, director, and video maker. Graphic Design: He specializes in graphic design and website developing concepts. Education: He attends school at Hope Haven Christian Secondary School in Rwanda. If you are looking for specific work from him, are you interested in finding his video production portfolio, his YouTube channel, or his graphic design projects? Here is one of his websites he created:    [https://web.archive.org/web/20260602141718/https://corepk.netlify.app/ CORE PK] [https://web.archive.org/web/20260602141718/https://corepk.netlify.app/ <nowiki> </nowiki><nowiki>http://www.corepk.netlify.app</nowiki>] == Kugenura bivuze iki?bivuze gusubiza neza umugani ukawisubiza wawusesenguye == Kugenura byumvikana iyo ushubije ikibazo giteye gitya "kuki naka bamwise gutya?."Bamwise"Ntimpirangeza",kubera ko se yari amaze kubyara abana benshi,kandi adafite icyo abareresha gihagije.Ati "Imana si ukumpa abana,irangerageza ngo irebeko nabinubira". Kugenura rero ni ukugenekereza ku kintu cybayeho.Baca umugani ngo<<umugani ugana akariho>>.Baca umugani bafite icyo bahereyeho,ari byo kugenura. '''urugero:'''mu [[Rwanda]] abantu bahoze banga umugayo.Ariko aho amafaranga yadukiye,abantu barahemutse,barakabya.Ibyo byatimye baca umugani ngo"urumiya rwamize inshuti".Bagenuriye ku buhemu bwaturutse ku mafaranga. kugira ngo ushobore gusobanukirwa n'umugani ni ngombwa kumenya aho ukomoka n'icyo bawuciriyeho. Umugani wumvikana kuburyo bubiri:uburyo bwambere ni uburyo bwa kamere yawo,mu mvugo iboneye.Uburyo bwa kabiri ni uburyo bw"imvugo y"amarenga,ishushanya icyo bawuciriye,ari byo byitwa kugenura. '''urugero:'''"inkoko iyo ivuye inkoko itarariye amagi adashobora kuvamo imishwi,ahubwo arabora.Ariko,mu mvugo y'amarenga ugomba kwubaza uti "uyu mugani bawuciye bagenura iki?".Bagenuraga umubyeyi upfuye agasiga abana bakiri bato. Abo bana bagira imibereho mibi,ari byo bishushanya kubora kw'amagi.mugihe cyakera.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/article/ese-kubera-iki-bavuga-ko-hari-imigani-y-imigenurano-itakigendanye-n-igihe</ref> == <u>Inkomoko y'imigani y'imigenurano</u> == Imigani y'imigenurano ishobora gukomoka '''KU MATEKA:''' Urugero:'''"NZASHIRA I NGURUGUNZU NKIRI NGAGI".'''wakomotse kuri NGAGI wari utuye i Ngurugunzu mu kingogo muri Kibirirana Gatumba na Muhororo,ubu ni mu [[Akarere ka Ngororero|karere ka Ngororero]]. Ngagi yari yararanzwe no kuba inyangamugayo idasanzwe.Nta muntu wigeze amwumvaho ijambo ribi.Rimwe umuntu yashatse kumucumuza ngo amwandurize ikamba ry'ubumanzi,amushinga umuhunda w'icumu ku kirenge nkana ,ngo avuge nabi,ate isaro.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/article/ese-kubera-iki-bavuga-ko-hari-imigani-y-imigenurano-itakigendanye-n-igihe</ref> Ngagi yarashinyirije aramubwira,ati"shingura,nzashira i Ngurugunzu nkiri Ngagi."Gushira iNgurugunzu ni ugupfa ,kuko upfuye utongera kugaragara ahantu yari atuye.Uyu mugani ni wo wacira umuntu ushaka kuguhemuza,"nzatsimbarara ku butungane bwanjye,noye kubuvurira,nta soni nterwa n'ibyo nakoze kugeza ubu. # '''Ibyabaye by’ukuri (Amateka)''': Hari imigani yaturutse ku byabaye by’ukuri mu mateka y’abantu cyangwa ibihugu, nk’imvugo yagiye ikoreshwa cyane kubera igisobanuro cyayo gifatika. Urugero: ''"Uwanga amazimwe aburara ku mugoroba."'' # '''Imyitwarire cyangwa imyifatire rusange''': Hari imigani ishingiye ku myitwarire y’abantu n’uko bayifatamo mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Urugero: ''"Urucira mukaso rugatwara nyoko."'' # '''Inyamaswa n’ibinyabuzima''': Imigani myinshi igira aho ihurira n’inyamaswa cyangwa ibinyabuzima, yerekana uko abantu bagiye babihuza n’ibitekerezo byabo. Urugero: ''"Igihe kiragera inka igatera umukamo mu itovu."'' # '''Umurage w’umuco n’imibereho''': Imigani y’imigenurano igira uruhare mu gukomeza umuco, ikigamijwe ni ugusigasira indangagaciro no kwigisha abazabakomokaho.<ref name=":0" /> == AKAMARO K'IMIGANI Y'IMIGENURANO == Imigani y’imigenurano ifite akamaro k’ingenzi mu buzima bw’abantu, cyane cyane mu rwego rw’umuco, uburezi, n’imibanire. Dore bimwe mu byo imigani y’imigenurano igirira akamaro: === 1. Gutoza indangagaciro n’imyitwarire myiza === Imigani ifasha kwigisha amahame y’imyitwarire n’indangagaciro zirimo ubutwari, ubunyangamugayo, ukwihangana, n’urukundo rw’abandi. Urugero: * ''"Akebo kajya iwa mugarura"'' (bigisha ko ibikorwa byiza cyangwa bibi bigaruka kuri nyirabyo). === 2. Kwibutsa ibyahise n’amateka === Imigani yibutsa abantu ibyabaye mu mateka, bityo ikarinda umuco n’amatwara y’abenegihugu. Urugero: * ''"Igihe kiragera inka igatera umukamo mu itovu"'' (ibibabaje bishobora guhinduka ibyiza mu gihe kizaza). === 3. Gukosora no gucyaha mu kinyabupfura === Imigani ikoreshwa mu gusubiza umuntu cyangwa kumuhwitura atarakarijwe. Urugero: * ''"Agapfa kaburiwe ni impongo"'' (gusobanura ko umuntu wari waraburiwe agomba kwitwararika). === 4. Gushimisha no gusetsa === Hari imigani ikoreshwa mu biganiro by’imiryango cyangwa mu nama kugira ngo byorohe kuganira no gushimisha abitabiriye. Urugero: * ''"Umwami ntiyica agakiza rubanda."'' === 5. Guhanga umurage w’umuco no gusigasira ururimi === Imigani ituma ururimi rw’umwimerere rudacika, kuko ikubiyemo amagambo yihariye afite ibisobanuro byimbitse bigaruka ku miterere n’imibereho y’abaturage. === 6. Kwigisha ubuhanga n’ubumenyi === Imigani irimo amasomo ahanini ashingiye ku bugenge bw’ubuzima, nko kumenya ko hari ingaruka ku bikorwa byose umuntu akora. Urugero: * ''"Uhishira umurozi akakumaraho abana"'' (bigisha kutihanganira ibintu bibi). === 7. Guhuza abantu no kubaka umubano === Iyo abantu basangiye imigani, byubaka umubano kuko ibaganisha ku ntego imwe yo gusangira ibitekerezo no gukomeza umuco. Imigani rero ifite uruhare rukomeye mu buzima bw’abantu n’imiryango, kuko ituma amateka, umuco, n’indangagaciro bidacika mu muryango nyarwanda.<ref>https://chatgpt.com/c/6763ffa9-79ec-8012-9b84-67a4491e2a9e</ref> == INGERO Z'IMIGANI Y'IMIGENURANO == Dore ingero z’imigani y’imigenurano n’inyigisho ziyikubiyemo: === 1. "[[Uwanga amazimwe aburara ku mugoroba]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Abantu badashaka kumenya amakuru cyangwa ibibakikije bashobora kwisanga mu bibazo kubera kutamenya. * ''Inyigisho'': Biba byiza kumenya amakuru ahagije kugira ngo ubashe kwirinda cyangwa gufata ibyemezo byiza. === 2. "[[Iyo umugabo ashaka urugi, arabona urutindo]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Umuntu wifitemo ubushake bwo gukemura ikibazo abona igisubizo, n'iyo cyaba kitari cyoroshye. * ''Inyigisho'': Kugira ubushake no kwihangana bifasha kugera ku ntego. === 3. "[[Agapfa kaburiwe ni impongo]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Iyo umuntu yaburiwe kenshi ariko ntabyiteho, asanga ingaruka zimusanze. * ''Inyigisho'': Kwitondera inama n'ibimenyetso bishobora kugufasha kwirinda ibibi. === 4. "[[Urucira mukaso rugatwara nyoko]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Iyo ukoreye abandi ibintu bibi, bishobora kukugarukira. * ''Inyigisho'': Ukwiye kwirinda ibikorwa bibi, kuko ushobora kwangiriza n’abawe cyangwa ukabigwamo. === 5. "[[Ijya kurisha ihera ku rugo]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Umuntu akwiye gutangirira ku byo afite cyangwa kubaka aho ari mbere yo gushaka kure. * ''Inyigisho'': Gukemura ibibazo byawe bwite cyangwa byo mu muryango mbere yo kwita ku bindi. === 6. "[[Utaye isuka aba agiye kuyishakira umuheto]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Umuntu utakaje igikoresho cyangwa umutungo runaka aba ashakisha uko yakisubiza cyangwa akabona ibindi bisimbura. * ''Inyigisho'': N'iyo ibintu byapfa, ukwiye gushakisha uburyo bwo kongera kwisubiza cyangwa kubona igisubizo. === 7. "[[Amarira y’inkoko atemba ajya mu jisho]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Iyo umuntu afite ikibazo, ahanini ni we kibabaza kurusha abandi. * ''Inyigisho'': Ibibazo by'umuntu ubifata neza gusa iyo ubirimo, abandi babibona nk'aho byoroheje. === 8. "[[Ushaka inka aryama nka yo]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Iyo ufite intego runaka, ugomba gukora cyane cyangwa kwitwara nk’uko bikwiye ngo uyigereho. * ''Inyigisho'': Inyota yo kugera ku kintu ikwiye kuba iherekejwe n’ibikorwa bijyanye na cyo. === 9. "Iyo uhetswe n’abakubita, ntiwumva ko uri mu mugongo." === * ''Bisobanura'': Iyo umuntu atazi neza imiterere y’icyo afashijweho, ashobora kutamenya agaciro kacyo cyangwa ingorane zigiherekeje. * ''Inyigisho'': Kumenya agaciro k’ibyo ubona cyangwa ubona bifite ishingiro ni ingenzi. === 10. "Nyamara akanyoni katagurutse kamenywa n’ikirere." === * ''Bisobanura'': Hari ibintu bishobora kwigaragaza neza ukabimenya utabanje kugerageza ibindi byinshi. * ''Inyigisho'': Iby’ingenzi birigaragaza ku buryo bugaragara; si ngombwa gushakisha by’ikirenga. Iyo migani igaragaza ubwenge n’umuco w’abanyarwanda, ikaba itanga inyigisho zikomeye mu mibereho ya buri munsi.<ref>https://chatgpt.com/c/6763ffa9-79ec-8012-9b84-67a4491e2a9e</ref> == AMOKO Y'IMIGANI Y'IMIGENURANO == Imigani y’imigenurano ifite amoko atandukanye, ashingiye ku ntego n’inyigisho y'iyo migani. Dore amoko nyamukuru y’imigani y’imigenurano: ---- === 1. Imigani y’Ibigisha (Y'amahame) === * Iyo migani yigisha amahame y’imyitwarire, indangagaciro, n’imico myiza. * '''Ingero''': ** ''"Agapfa kaburiwe ni impongo."'' ** ''"Akebo kajya iwa mugarura."'' ** ''"Ijya kurisha ihera ku rugo."'' * '''Inyigisho''': Kwitondera impuruza, gukora ibyiza, no kubanza gufasha abakwegereye. ---- === 2. Imigani Ikomoka ku Mateka === * Iyo migani ishingiye ku byabaye mu mateka, cyane cyane mu mibereho y’abanyarwanda. * '''Ingero''': ** ''"Aho kwica gitera, wakwica nyirayo."'' ** ''"Urucira mukaso rugatwara nyoko."'' * '''Inyigisho''': Ikibabaje n'ingaruka z’ubugome cyangwa kutagira ubumuntu. ---- === 3. Imigani y’Ubwirwa no Guhwitura === * Iyo migani ikoreshwa mu gucyaha cyangwa guhwitura umuntu mu buryo butarimo kwihanangiriza. * '''Ingero''': ** ''"Ibyaye ikiboze irakirigata."'' ** ''"Ushaka inka aryama nka yo."'' * '''Inyigisho''': Kwirinda ibikorwa bibi no guhindura imyitwarire. ---- === 4. Imigani y’Imbunda y'Ubuhanga (Y'ubushishozi) === * Iyo migani igaragaza ubuhanga bwo gutekereza no gukemura ibibazo. * '''Ingero''': ** ''"Iyo umugabo ashaka urugi, arabona urutindo."'' ** ''" Akanyoni katagurutse kamenywa n’ikirere."'' * '''Inyigisho''': Gukoresha ubwenge no guhanga udushya mu rugamba rw’ubuzima. ---- === 5. Imigani Igaruka ku Mibanire n’Abandi === * Igaragaza uburyo abantu bakwiye kubana mu bwumvikane n’ubutabera. * '''Ingero''': ** ''"Inkoni y’umwambi ntibura icyo ikoma."'' ** ''"Akaryoshye kose karimara."'' * '''Inyigisho''': Kwirinda amahane, kwicisha bugufi, no gufasha abandi. ---- === 6. Imigani Ijyanye n’Ubugingo n’Umutekano === * Iyi migani isobanura uburyo bwo kwirinda ibibazo no guharanira amahoro. * '''Ingero''': ** ''"Amasinde ntazaca inzara."'' ** ''"Uwanga amazimwe aburara ku mugoroba."'' * '''Inyigisho''': Kwicisha bugufi no gukurikira inama. ----Iyi migani yose irerekana ubwenge bw’abanyarwanda mu gucengera ubuzima no kugenera abantu inyigisho z’ingirakamaro mu buryo bworoshye kandi burimo ubwenge.<ref name=":0" /> === Amashakiro === 5wwn345rwihzuiaqqsmq8gs00n896hc 0 20271 132228 123855 2026-06-18T18:22:44Z ~2026-35708-79 18419 Gukosora, kunoza no kongeramo amakuru 132228 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abidjan''' ni umujyi munini kandi w'ubukungu wahoze ari [[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Kote Divuwari|Cote d'Ivoire]]/Ivory Coast. Ibarura rusange ryakozwe mu 2021, ryagaragaje ko Abidjan yari utuwe n'abaturage miliyoni 6.3, bangana na 21.5% by'abatuye igihugu cyose <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120913021146/http://www.sphereinfo.com/longitude~latitude/ivory_coast</ref>. Abidjan ni umujyi wa gatandatu utuwe cyane muri [[Afurika]], nyuma ya Logos, Cairo, [[Kinshasa]], Dar es Salaam na Johannesburg. Uyu mujyi ni ihuriro ry’imico itandukanye muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba,urangwa n’ uruhuri rw’inganda n’imijyi. Ni umujyi utuwe cyane [[Igifaransa|n'abakoresha ururimi rw'igifaransa]] muri Afurika y'Uburengerazuba. Uyu mujyi wagutse cyane nyuma yo kubaka icyambu gishya mu 1931, bikurikirwa no kuba umurwa mukuru w’abakoloni b’Abafaransa mu 1933. Kuzuza umuyoboro wa Vridi mu 1951, byatumye Abidjan iba icyambu gikomeye cyo ku nyanja. Abidjan yakomeje kuba umurwa mukuru wa Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast nyuma yo kwigenga mu 1960, bigobotoye Ubufaransa bwabakoronizaga. Mu 1983, umujyi wa Yamoussoukro wagizwe umurwa mukuru wa politiki wemewe wa Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast. Icyakora, ku mugaragaro, Abidjan yagizwe umurwa mukuru w’ubukungu kubera ko ariwo mujyi munini mu gihugu ndetse ukaba n'izingiro ry’ibikorwa by’ubukungu. Inzego nyinshi za politiki na za Ambasade zose z’ibihugu by'amahanga zakomeje kuba muri Abidjan.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130506043624/http://www.districtabidjan.org/gouverneur.php</ref> == Amateka == Abidjan yari isanzwe ari umudugudu ukorerwamo ibikorwa by'uburobyi. Mu 1896, nyuma y’uruhererekane rw'ibyorezo bya Yellow Fever, abakoloni b’Abafaransa bari batuye muri Grand-Bassam bahisemo kwimukira ahantu hizewe maze mu 1898 bahitamo kujya gutura mu mudugudu wari uherutse kwitwa Abidjan. Mu 1903 yahindutse umujyi ku mugaragaro.<ref>https://www.seonadancing.com/?lang=en</ref> ​​ Abidjan, iherereye ku nkombe ya ''lagoon n'doupé'', yagukiye ku bundi butaka bunini ndetse haba ahantu hatanga amahirwe menshi yo kwaguriraho ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi. Icyambu cya Petit Bassam giherereye mu majyepfo y’umujyi cyahise kirenga ku cyambu cya Grand-Bassam, maze gihinduka inzira nyamukuru inyuzwamo ibicuruzwa byajyaga mu bakoloni. Mu 1904, iherezo y'inzira ya gari ya moshi yari iherereye mu gace ka Port-Bouët ko muri Abidjan. Guhera muri uwo mwaka, nubwo umujyi wa Bingerville utari warangiye kubakwa neza, Abidjan yabaye ihuriro rigari ry'ubukungu bw'abakoronizaga Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast ndetse iba inzira ya mbere y'ingenzi mu bwikorezi yakoreshwaga mu gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa bikoherezwa mu bihugu byo ku mugabane w’[[Burayi|Uburayi]], cyane cyane binyuze mu muryango w'abanya Libani, urushaho kugira umumaro mu bucuruzi n'ubukungu. Mu 1934, Abidjan yabaye umujyi wa gatatu wa Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast, nyuma ya Grand-Bassam na Bingerville. Hafashwe icyemezo cyo kuyigira umurwa mukuru bitewe n'muhanda wa gari ya moshi wahuzaga Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo ya Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/12/world/africa/ivory-coast-says-4000-prison-inmates-escaped.html</ref> == Nyuma y'ubwigenge == Igihe Cote d'Ivoire/Yvory coast yigenga mu 1960, Umujyi wa Abidjan wabaye izingiro ry'ubuyobozi ndetse n’ubukungu mu gihugu gishya. Igice giherereye mu mu majyepfo ya Treichville, cyerekeza ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga no ku nkombe z'inyanja, habaye indiri y'Abanyaburayi n'abafite ubushobozi buciriritse n'ubwisumbuyeho. Nyuma yo kubona ubwigenge kwa Ivory Coast, Umujyi wa Abidjan wateye imbere byihuse ndetse bituma n'umubare w'abaturage bahatuye wiyongera cyane, <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2010 |title=Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (1903– ) {{!}} The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed |url=http://www.blackpast.org/gah/abidjan-cote-divoire-1903 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202035609/http://www.blackpast.org/gah/abidjan-cote-divoire-1903 |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=2016-12-01 |website=www.blackpast.org}}</ref> uva ku baturage 180.000 mu 1960 bagera kuri 1.269.000 mu 1978. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Port of Abidjan |url=http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/CIV_Port_of_Abidjan_1422.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605071256/http://worldportsource.com/ports/review/CIV_Port_of_Abidjan_1422.php |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=2016-12-01 |website=World Port Source}}</ref> Imirimo yo kubaka Katedarali yitiriwe Mutagatifu Pawulo, yakorewe igishushanyo mbonera n’umwubatsi w’umutaliyani witwaAldo Spirito, yatangiye mu 1980 nyuma y'uko Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II ashyizeho ibuye ry'ifatizo maze birangira mu 1985. Kuva mu mwaka ya za 1980, ubukungu bwa Abidjan bwatangiye kugabanuka bitewe n’uburangare bw’abayobozi, ruswa ndetse no gusubira inyuma muri rusange. Mu 1983, umudugudu wa Yamoussoukro wabaye umurwa mukuru wa politiki mushya wa Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast ku buyobozi bwa Perezida Félix Houphouët-Boigny, wavukiye Yamoussoukro. Icyakora, Abidjan yakomeje kuba izingiro ry'ubukungu n'ubucuruzi mu gihugu.<ref>https://www.weather2travel.com/ivory-coast/abidjan/climate/</ref> == Amashakiro == jxh0uu23bnempn6a0cpoc48j6l8sq5t 132229 132228 2026-06-18T18:44:55Z Donatha Neza 18420 Gukosora, kongera amakuru no kunoza imuandikire 132229 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abidjan''' ni umujyi munini kandi w'ubukungu wahoze ari [[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Kote Divuwari|Cote d'Ivoire]]/Ivory Coast. Ibarura rusange ryakozwe mu 2021, ryagaragaje ko Abidjan yari utuwe n'abaturage miliyoni 6.3, bangana na 21.5% by'abatuye igihugu cyose <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120913021146/http://www.sphereinfo.com/longitude~latitude/ivory_coast</ref>. Abidjan ni umujyi wa gatandatu utuwe cyane muri [[Afurika]]: nyuma ya Logos, Cairo, [[Kinshasa]], Dar es Salaam na Johannesburg. Uyu mujyi ni ihuriro ry’imico itandukanye muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba, urangwa n’ uruhuri rw’inganda no kwaguka k'umujyi. Abidjan ni umujyi utuwe cyane [[Igifaransa|n'abakoresha ururimi rw'igifaransa]] muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Uyu mujyi wagutse cyane nyuma yo kubaka icyambu gishya mu 1931, bikurikirwa no kuba umurwa mukuru w’abakoloni b’Abafaransa mu 1933. Kuzuza umuyoboro wa Vridi mu 1951, byatumye Abidjan iba icyambu gikomeye cyo ku nyanja. Abidjan yakomeje kuba umurwa mukuru wa Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast nyuma yo kwigenga mu 1960, ubwo yari yigobotoye Ubufaransa bwayikoronizaga. Mu 1983, umujyi wa Yamoussoukro wagizwe umurwa mukuru wa politiki wemewe wa Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast. Icyakora, ku mugaragaro, Abidjan yagizwe umurwa mukuru w’ubukungu kubera ko ari wo mujyi munini mu gihugu ndetse ukaba n'izingiro ry’ibikorwa by’ubukungu. Inzego nyinshi za politiki na za Ambasade zose z’ibihugu by'amahanga zakomeje kuba muri Abidjan.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130506043624/http://www.districtabidjan.org/gouverneur.php</ref> == Amateka == Abidjan yari isanzwe ari umudugudu ukorerwamo ibikorwa by'uburobyi. Mu 1896, nyuma y’uruhererekane rw'ibyorezo bya Yellow Fever, abakoloni b’Abafaransa bari batuye muri Grand-Bassam bahisemo kwimukira ahantu hizewe maze mu 1898 bahitamo kujya gutura mu mudugudu wari uherutse kwitwa Abidjan. Mu 1903 yahindutse umujyi ku mugaragaro.<ref>https://www.seonadancing.com/?lang=en</ref> ​​ Abidjan, iherereye ku nkombe ya ''lagoon n'doupé'', yagukiye ku bundi butaka bunini ndetse haba ahantu hatanga amahirwe menshi yo kwaguriraho ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi. Icyambu cya Petit Bassam giherereye mu majyepfo y’umujyi cyahise kirenga ku cyambu cya Grand-Bassam, maze gihinduka inzira nyamukuru inyuzwamo ibicuruzwa byajyaga mu bakoloni. Mu 1904, iherezo y'inzira ya gari ya moshi yari iherereye mu gace ka Port-Bouët ko muri Abidjan. Guhera muri uwo mwaka, nubwo umujyi wa Bingerville utari warangiye kubakwa neza, Abidjan yabaye ihuriro rigari ry'ubukungu bw'abakoronizaga Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast ndetse iba inzira ya mbere y'ingenzi mu bwikorezi yakoreshwaga mu gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa bikoherezwa mu bihugu byo ku mugabane w’[[Burayi|Uburayi]], cyane cyane binyuze mu muryango w'abanya Libani, urushaho kugira umumaro mu bucuruzi n'ubukungu. Mu 1934, Abidjan yabaye umujyi wa gatatu wa Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast, nyuma ya Grand-Bassam na Bingerville. Hafashwe icyemezo cyo kuyigira umurwa mukuru bitewe n'muhanda wa gari ya moshi wahuzaga Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo ya Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/12/world/africa/ivory-coast-says-4000-prison-inmates-escaped.html</ref> == Nyuma y'ubwigenge == Igihe Cote d'Ivoire/Yvory coast yigenga mu 1960, Umujyi wa Abidjan wabaye izingiro ry'ubuyobozi ndetse n’ubukungu mu gihugu gishya. Igice giherereye mu majyepfo ya Treichville, cyerekeza ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga no ku nkombe z'inyanja, habaye indiri y'Abanyaburayi ndetse n'abafite ubushobozi buciriritse n'ubwisumbuyeho. Nyuma yo kubona ubwigenge kwa Ivory Coast, Umujyi wa Abidjan wateye imbere byihuse ndetse bituma n'umubare w'abaturage bahatuye wiyongera cyane, <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2010 |title=Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (1903– ) {{!}} The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed |url=http://www.blackpast.org/gah/abidjan-cote-divoire-1903 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202035609/http://www.blackpast.org/gah/abidjan-cote-divoire-1903 |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=2016-12-01 |website=www.blackpast.org}}</ref> uva ku baturage 180.000 mu 1960 bagera kuri 1.269.000 mu 1978. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Port of Abidjan |url=http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/CIV_Port_of_Abidjan_1422.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605071256/http://worldportsource.com/ports/review/CIV_Port_of_Abidjan_1422.php |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=2016-12-01 |website=World Port Source}}</ref> Imirimo yo kubaka Katedarali yitiriwe Mutagatifu Pawulo, yakorewe igishushanyo mbonera n’umwubatsi w’umutaliyani witwaAldo Spirito, yatangiye mu 1980 nyuma y'uko Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II ashyizeho ibuye ry'ifatizo maze mirimo irangira mu 1985. Kuva mu mwaka ya za 1980, ubukungu bwa Abidjan bwatangiye kugabanuka bitewe n’uburangare bw’abayobozi, ruswa ndetse no gusubira inyuma muri rusange. Mu 1983, ku buyobozi bwa Perezida Felix Houphouet-Boigny, umudugudu wa Yamoussoukro wabaye umurwa mukuru mushya wa politiki wa Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast, kuko ariho yari yavukiye. Icyakora, Abidjan yakomeje kuba izingiro ry'ubukungu n'ubucuruzi mu gihugu.<ref>https://www.weather2travel.com/ivory-coast/abidjan/climate/</ref> == Amashakiro == m7fb7dddtkex8y25ah5r6h2twnh5soi 0 20461 132215 132182 2026-06-18T13:32:42Z Alexa-Nicky 13361 132215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''2 Rats''''' ni filimi ikoze mu buryo bwo gusetsa abantu benshi bakunze kwita comedi yo muri Nijeriya iyobowe na Andy Chukwu mu 2003. Abakinnyi ba Nollywood bakinnye iyi filime bakuyemo amafaranga menshi, [[Osita Iheme]] (A-Boy) na [[Chinedu Ikedieze]] (Bobo) bakina ari abahungu babiri bato se wabo wishwe na nyirarume. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2 Rats - Movie |url=https://www.moviefone.com/movie/2-rats/tzUn3TvgkpxMSmrpJs4Hm5/main/ |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=www.moviefone.com |language=en}}</ref> kuwo kwikunda, Amaechi Muonagor yifuza ko bakora nk'abahungu bo mu rugo kwa se. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2 Rats |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/2-rats/cast/2030147362/ |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en}}</ref> Iyi filime yerekana cyane abahungu 2 bitwa A-boy na Bobo, ubwo basuzumaga amakuba yo guta inshuti zabo nimiryango yabo kuri rwiyemezamirimo uzi ubwenge wabasezeranije amahirwe menshi yo kubasubiza akazi kabo. Uburiganya n'ibinyoma biva muriyi nkuru ikubiye mu butumwa bwa "ntimukabe imbwa abahungu". A-Boy na Bobo bafite izindi gahunda. Muri filime hagaragaramo ibikorwa bya Aki na Pawpaw . == Abakinnyi == * Amaechi Muonagor - Ndukwe * [[Osita Iheme]] - Aboy * [[Chinedu Ikedieze]] - Bobo * Ihangane Ozokwor - Oriaku * Andy Chukwu * Umuganwa Nwafor * David Ihesie * Chidinma na Chidiebere Aneke * Ricky Eze == AMASHAKIRO; == 5gra1psthqcwav3xuo149qt16lncyfo 0 20464 132214 126826 2026-06-18T13:31:12Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 impinduka 132214 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Iminsi 30 i Atlanta''''' ni filime yo iri mu buryo bwo gusetsa cyangwa se comedi gusetsa y’urukundo yo muri [[Nijeriya]] 2014 yanditswe na Patrick "Koinage" Nnamani, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conversation with Patrick "Koinage" Nnamani by Insiders' view of the African film industry |url=https://anchor.fm/pavillonafriques/episodes/Conversation-with-Patrick-Koinage-Nnamani-e1dn611 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Anchor |language=en}}</ref> yakozwe na Ayo Makun ikayoborwa na Robert Peters . Filime yafatiwe <ref>{{Cite web |title=AY shoots first movie '30 days in Atlanta' featuring Vivica Fox |url=http://kokoma360.com/ay-shoots-first-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905191105/http://kokoma360.com/ay-shoots-first-movie/ |archive-date=5 September 2014 |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=Kokoma 360}}</ref> i Lagos na Atlanta, [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]] . Yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 31 Ukwakira 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Lynn Whitfield & Vivica Fox in Trailer for Nigerian-Produced '30 Days in Atlanta' (The Plight of the Black Actress) |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/watch-lynn-whitfield-vivica-foxx-in-trailer-for-nigerian-produced-30-days-in-atlanta-20140819 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905165336/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/watch-lynn-whitfield-vivica-foxx-in-trailer-for-nigerian-produced-30-days-in-atlanta-20140819 |archive-date=5 September 2014 |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=indieWire}}</ref> Yamenyekanye nka filime yinjije amafaranga menshi kurusha ayandi muri sinema <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2014 |title=Amazing success of 30 Days in Atlanta thrills AY -How the movie grossed N76 million in 42 days! |url=http://encomium.ng/amazing-success-of-30-days-in-atlanta-thrills-ay-how-the-movie-grossed-n76-million-in-42-days/ |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=encomium.ng}}</ref> mugihugu cya Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2015 |title=AY's '30 Days In Atlanta ' Bags Highest Grossing Nigeria Movie Of All Time AY's '30 Days In Atlanta ' Bags Highest Grossing Nigeria Movie Of All Time |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/01/ays-30-days-in-atlanta-bags-highest-grossing-nigeria-movie-of-all-time/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002231713/http://360nobs.com/2015/01/ays-30-days-in-atlanta-bags-highest-grossing-nigeria-movie-of-all-time/ |archive-date=2 October 2020 |access-date=22 January 2015 |publisher=360nobs.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie breaks box office record, grosses N76M |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/30-days-in-atlanta-movie-breaks-box-office-record-grosses-n76m-id3359320.html |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=pulse.ng |archive-date=12 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512201444/http://pulse.ng/movies/30-days-in-atlanta-movie-breaks-box-office-record-grosses-n76m-id3359320.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2014 |title=Photos: Comedian AY's '30 DAYS IN ATLANTA' Breaks Nollywood Box Office Record |url=http://www.informationng.com/2014/12/photos-comedian-ays-30-days-in-atlanta-breaks-nollywood-box-office-record.html |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=informationng.com}}</ref> == Umugambi == Akpos yatsindiye itike y'urugendo rw'ukwezi kumwe i Atlanta, Jeworujiya maze atumira mubyara we Richard ngo baze. Bahageze, birukira mu nshuti yabo ishaje Okiemute, ibajyana gusangira ibya nimugoroba . Akpos ahura na Kimberly mwiza kandi yifuza kumubaza niba bazasohokana, ariko Okiemute amuburira ko se wa Kimberly agenzura cyane. Kimberly, Akpos, na Richard bongeye guhura hagati yabo mu nama y’ibidukikije, aho Akpos avuga amagambo make asekeje. Kimberly, ariko, ashishikajwe cyane na Richard. Yahaye Richard numero ye ya terefone, baragenda mugihe cya se, restaurateur Odiye, kwigaragaza. Richard asubira muri resitora gutegereza uruzinduko rwa Kimberly, ariko Akpos arigaragaza. Kimberly abwira Akpos ise yishimiye ibitekerezo bye muri iyi nama kandi ashaka kumuha amasezerano yo gusetsa. Mu nzira atashye na tagisi, Richard amenya ko yasize igikapu cye. Iyo umushoferi amenye ko badashobora kwishyura ibiciro, arabirukana mu kabari. Kimberly na Odiye babaha gusubira mu rugo rwa Odiye, aho bahurira n'umuryango, ndetse n'umunyamategeko w’abinjira n'abasohoka, Olaraye, Clara. Akpos na Clara batangira umubano w'urukundo. Bavuganiye kuri Skype hamwe n'ababyeyi be, Richard amenye ko uwahoze ari umukunzi we Ezee arimo gutegura ubukwe. Agerageza kumvisha nyina ko bahagaritse umubano wabo akavuga Kimberly. Richard amenyesha Kimberly ababyeyi be, ariko nyina ashimangira ko agomba kurongora Ezee. Ezee agerageza kumvisha Kimberly ko Richard azamutenguha gusa, Ezee yerekana Kimberly amashusho y'imbere ye na Richard. Kimberly acika intege maze yiruka asohoka mu nzu arira. Akpos yishora mu gukina urusimbi mu buryo butemewe birangira afashwe arafungwa. Clara yamusuye muri gereza yemera kumuhagararira. Byagaragaye ko Akpos yarenze kuri visa, bigatuma urubanza rwe rukomera kandi ruhanwa n'amategeko. Mu rukiko, umucamanza yemeye ko amafaranga yose Akpos yinjije azaba ahagije nk’indishyi z’uko yarenze ku mategeko na viza mu gihe amafaranga azatangwa nk'inkunga akazakurikiranwa. Mu rwego rwo gukumira andi makosa, Clara amujyana iwe, aho bombi basangira, hanyuma baza gukora igikorwa cy'ishimisha mubiri(bararyamana). Nyuma, Clara yumvise Akpos kuri terefone, bivuze ko umubano we na we bizorohereza green card ndetse n'ubwenegihugu bwa Amerika. Clara ararakara cyane ko Akpos ashobora kuba yarakoresheje umwanya we ukomeye maze akirukana Akpos mu nzu ye. Richard agerageza guhindura umubano we na Kimberly, ariko Odiye amutegeka gusiga umukobwa we wenyine, yongera gushimangira isura mbi abasore benshi bo muri Nijeriya bagaragaza mu bihugu by’Iburengerazuba. Richard atongana na Ezee kubyerekeye kwivanga mu mibanire ye na Kimberly. Mugihe Akpos yanze gutanga amafaranga yinjiza mubikorwa by'urukundo. Ku kibuga cy'indege, mu gihe abo bagabo bitegura gufata indege basubira muri Nijeriya, batangajwe no kubona Kimberly na Clara, bombi bahisemo kubakurikira basubira muri Nijeriya no guhura na [[bene]] wabo. == Abakinnyi == * Ayo Makun nka Akpors * Ramsey Nouah nka Richard * Richard Mofe Damijo nka Odiye * Desmond Elliot nka Okiemute * Kesse Jabari nka Wilson * Vivica A. Fox nk'umugore wa Wilson * Lynn Whitfield nk'umunyamategeko w’abinjira n'abasohoka ba Odiye, Clara * Karlie Redd nka Kimberly * Majid Michel nka Adetola Briggs * Omoni Oboli * Racheal Oniga nka mama wa Richard * Impuhwe Johnson nka Esse * Ada Ameh nka Akpors Mama * Yemi Blaq * Juliet Ibrahim nkumugore wa Adetola * Ifedayo Olarinde nka Freeze == Kwakira == === Uburyo Filimi yakiriwe === Filime yakiriwe neza n'abari aho muri rusange, ariko yatumye abantu benshi bafite ibitekerezo bihinduka ibitekerezo bibi. Abanegura benshi bavuga ko urwenya rwa filime rwuzuyemo clichés na stereotype, kandi ko iyi filime yasaga nkaho yasubiwemo ''Osuofia i Londere'' (2003), francise ''ya Jenifa'', cyangwa imvange ya bombi . === Box office === ''30 Days in Atlanta'' yagiye guca amateka yose muri 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2015 |title=Ben Bruce Applauds AY's Record Breaking Movie "30 Days in Atlanta" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHwOojC28OI/ |publisher=Ben Murray-Bruce}}</ref> == Ibihembo == 30 Days in Atlanta ni Filime yakiriye ibihembo 10 muri Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards 2014 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 nominations |url=http://goldenicons.com/awards/2014-nominees/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905165329/http://goldenicons.com/awards/2014-nominees/ |archive-date=5 September 2014 |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=GIAMA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2014 |title=Ay's Movie "30 Days In Atlanta" bags 10 nominations in Giama in America |url=http://ebonylifetv.com/ays-movie-30-days-in-atlanta-bags-10-nominations-in-giama-in-america/ |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=Ebony Life TV}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa firime zo muri Nigeriya 2014 * Iminsi 30 mu Bushinwa == AMASHAKIRO; == 3n73t9600awt207vde36q4e6r0egpkn 0 20567 132239 124548 2026-06-19T05:34:58Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132239 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Fifty''''' ni filime y’ikinamico y’urukundo yo muri Nijeriya 2015, yayobowe na Biyi Bandele ikaba yarasohotse kuya 18 Ukuboza 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}</ref> == Umugambi == fifty ivuga ku iminsi mike yingenzi yabagore bane kurwego rwo hejuru rwumwuga wabo. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, na Kate ninshuti enye bahatiwe mu gihe cyo hagati kugira ngobandike ubuzima bwabo bwite mugihe bakora umwuga ndetse numuryango bakurikije uturere twa Lagos . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}</ref> Tola aba ariumustar kuri TV washakanye numunyamategeko Kunle ntabwo yigeze agira amahirwe kubera ibanga ryumuryango ridasanzwe <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng |archive-date=10 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250910153737/https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Elizabeth abari umuganga ububyaza wamamaye cyane ku basore bamutandukanije numukobwa we. Maria, ufite imyaka mirongo ine n'icyenda, abafitanye ikibazo numugabo wubatse bikaviramo gutwita mu buryo butunguranye, kandi intambara ya Kate n’indwara ishobora guhitana ubuzima bwamuteye kwishora mwidini. == Abakinnyi == === Abakinnyi bakomeye === * Ireti Doyle as Elizabeth, who is an obstetrician whose desire for younger men has caused a strain on her relationship with her daughter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Dakore Akande as Tola, who is a reality TV star whose marriage to lawyer Kunle never stood a chance due to an invidious family secret.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Omoni Oboli as Maria who is a forty-nine -year-ld lady who had an affair with a married man that results in an unexpected pregnancy<ref>{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Nse Ikpe-Etim as Kate who is battling with a life-threatening illness that plunged her into religious obsession<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Wale Ojo as Kunle<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Kachi Nnochiri as Chike<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Emmanuel Ikubese as Sammy<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Kemi ‘Lala’ Akindoju as Chi Chi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Timini Egbuson as Jamal<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Uzor Osimkpa as Sade<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> === Abasitari Bagararamo === * Umwami Sunny Adé nka we <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Sunny Ade |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075444/http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Femi Kuti nka we <ref>{{Cite web |title=Femi Kuti |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075609/http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Nneka nka we <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nneka |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075243/http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Tiwa Savage nka we <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiwa Savage |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075925/http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Waje nka we <ref>{{Cite web |title=Waje |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075514/http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> == Ukoyakozwe == Filime yakozwe mubuyobozi bukuru bwa Ebony Life TV [[Mosunmola Abudu|Mo Abudu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mo Abudu |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/mo-abudu/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075817/http://fiftythemovie.com/mo-abudu/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> Bayobowe na Biyi Bandele . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biyi Bandele |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/biyi-bandele/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075420/http://fiftythemovie.com/biyi-bandele/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> == Ukoyasohotse == ''Fifty'' ereksnywe bwa mbere i Londres mukwakira 2015, igurishwa mu minsi ine, kandi muri ukwezi kwa Lagos habereye kwerekanwa kugiti cye. Grand Premiere yariku cyumweru, tarikiya 13 Ukuboza 2015, muri Eko Hotel na Suites . <ref name="Fifty" /> Filime yasohotse muri sinema ku ya 18 Ukuboza 2015. <ref name="Fifty">{{Cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Fifty set to film at the London film festival |url=http://ebonylifetv.com/ebonylife-films-debut-feature-movie-fifty-set-to-screen-at-bfi-london-film-festival-in-october/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=ebonylifetv.com}}</ref> == Kwakira neza == Filime yakunzwe cayne nabagenzuzi . Nollywood yayihaye 52% anagaragaza ko idafite ibirimo n'uburebure. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fifty |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2016/01/fifty.html |website=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website * Fifty at IMDb * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVFnA30Dob0 "EN: Exclusive Interview With Director Biyi Bandele, Cast & Crew Of Movie 'Fifty' 19/12/15"], Channels Television, 19 December 2015. tnn8043wgog6stct1agikx9bysvlu96 0 20806 132246 128904 2026-06-19T09:49:06Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132246 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imibereho y’ababana n’ubumuga mu Rwanda''' igaragaza uko abana bafite ubumuga babaho, uburyo Leta n’abafatanyabikorwa babafasha, n’imbogamizi bagihura nazo mu burezi, ubuzima n’imibereho. Ubumuga bushobora kuba ubw’umubiri, ubw’ubwenge, ubw’amarangamutima cyangwa ubuvukanwa. Abana bafite ubumuga bakeneye ubufasha bwihariye kugira ngo bagere ku burenganzira bwabo nk’abandi bana bose. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2020 |title=Abafite Ubumuga Basaba Leta Imfashanyigisho Zihariye |url=https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/icyo-abafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda-basaba-leta/5685721.html |access-date=October 11, 2025 |website=radiyoyacuvoa.com |publisher=Voice of America |language=Ikinyarwanda}}</ref> == Amategeko n’amabwiriza abigenga == Itegeko n° 01/2007 ryo ku wa 21 Gicurasi 2007 rigena uburyo bwo kurengera abantu bafite ubumuga mu Rwanda. Rishyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga uburezi bukwiye no gushyigikira abantu bafite ubumuga mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.<ref>[https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2007/1/eng%402007-05-21 Itegeko rigenga abantu bafite ubumuga (2007)]</ref> Nanone, '''Itegeko No 54/2011''' ryerekeye uburenganzira n’itegurwa ry’umwana rifasha mu kurengera abana bafite ubumuga. Itegeko No 54/2011 rigena uburenganzira n’itegurwa ry’umwana mu Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2012 |title=Law relating to the rights and the protection of the child (No. 54/2011) |url=https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/national-practice/law-rights-and-protection-child-2011 |access-date=11 October 2025 |website=International Humanitarian Law Database |publisher=Republic of Rwanda |language=en}}</ref> Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho politiki y’uburezi burimo bose (''Inclusive Education Policy'') kugira ngo abana bafite ubumuga babone amahirwe angana n’abandi mu burezi no mu buzima.<ref>[https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/stories/inclusive-education-reality-rwanda UNICEF Rwanda: Inclusive Education is a reality in Rwanda]</ref> == Imibereho y’abana bafite ubumuga == === Uburezi === Mu mashuri y’incuke n’abanza, abana bafite ubumuga bakunze guhura n’ibibazo byo kubona ibikoresho bibafasha cyangwa abarimu bafite ubumenyi mu burezi bwihariye. Leta yashyizeho gahunda y’abafasha b’amashuri (''teacher assistants'') n’amashuri y’icyitegererezo yita ku burezi burimo bose.<ref name=":0">[https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/stories/inclusive-education-reality-rwanda UNICEF Rwanda, 2023]</ref> Mu mashuri yisumbuye, hari ibigo bimwe na bimwe byashyizeho uburyo bwo gufasha abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga gukurikira amasomo, ariko ibikoresho n’imfashanyigisho ziracyari nke.<ref name=":0" /> === Ubuzima n’imibereho === Abana bafite ubumuga bahura n’imbogamizi mu kubona serivisi z’ubuzima, harimo kugenzurwa hakiri kare (''screening'') n’ibikoresho bibafasha mu mibereho ya buri munsi. Mu miryango itishoboye, ubukene butuma bamwe batitabwaho uko bikwiye.<ref>[https://hopeandhomes.rw/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Knowledge-Attitudes-and-Practices-KAP-study-on-children-with-disabilities-living-in-families-and-in-institutions-in-Rwanda-reviewed-2.pdf Hope and Homes for Children Rwanda, 2023]</ref> === Kurindwa no kwitabwaho mu muryango === Abana bafite ubumuga bamwe bahura n’ihezwa rikomoka ku myumvire, cyangwa bagatereranwa n’imiryango. Leta n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta bakoze ubukangurambaga bwo guteza imbere imyumvire yo kwakira no kurengera abo bana.<ref>[https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2018/71/eng%402018-09-10 Itegeko No 71/2018 rigena kurengera umwana]</ref> == Ingero z’uturere == ; Musanze Mu karere ka Musanze, umuryango ''Ubumwe Community Center'' utera inkunga abana bafite ubumuga babona ibikoresho n’ubufasha bwihariye mu mashuri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubumwecenter.org/ |title=Ubumwe Community Center, 2023 |access-date=2025-10-11 |archive-date=2024-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524095949/http://www.ubumwecenter.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ; Nyarugenge Mu mujyi wa Kigali, ikigo ''HVP Gatagara'' cyakira abana bafite ubumuga bw’ingingo n’ubw’ubwenge, kikabafasha mu myigire n’ubuzima.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hvpgatagara.org/ |title=HVP Gatagara Rwanda |access-date=2025-10-11 |archive-date=2026-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260122063729/https://hvpgatagara.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ; Huye Abana bafite ubumuga mu karere ka Huye bafashwa ku bitaro bya Kabutare kubona ubuvuzi n’ibikoresho byo kugenda biturutse ku bufatanye n’umushinga nyarwanda Rwanda Resilience and Grounding Organization nk’uko byatangajwe mu nkuru ya Igihe.com. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 24, 2021 |title=Huye: Abana 116 bafite ubumuga bahawe amagare yo kugenderamo |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/huye-abana-116-bafite-ubumuga-bahawe-amagare-yo-kugenderamo |access-date=October 11, 2025 |website=Igihe.com |publisher=Igihe Ltd |language=Ikinyarwanda}}</ref> ; Rutsiro Mu karere ka Rutsiro, gahunda y’uburezi burimo bose igenda ifasha abana bafite ubumuga kwinjizwa mu mashuri y’ibanze, nubwo imbogamizi z’imihanda n’ibikoresho bigihari nk'uko bigaragara kurubuga rw'akarere ka Rutsiro <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2022 |title=Rutsiro: Abafite ubumuga bakorewe ubuvugizi |url=https://www.rutsiro.gov.rw/news-detail-1/rutsiro-abafite-ubumuga-bakorewe-ubuvugizi |access-date=October 11, 2025 |website=rutsiro.gov.rw |publisher=Akarere ka Rutsiro |language=Ikinyarwanda}}</ref>. == Imbogamizi == * Ibikorwa remezo bidahagije by’amashuri n’amavuriro. * Imyumvire ikiri hasi ku bijyanye n’ubumuga mu baturage bamwe. * Ubukene n’ibura ry’ibikoresho byihariye. * Kutagira ubushakashatsi buhoraho ku mibereho y’abana bafite ubumuga.<ref>[https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/media/396/file/Situation-Analysis-of-Children-in-Rwanda UNICEF Rwanda, 2022]</ref> == Inama n’ingamba == # Gukomeza guteza imbere gahunda y’uburezi burimo bose. # Guhugura abarimu n’ababyeyi ku bijyanye n’uburezi bw’abana bafite ubumuga. # Guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo bijyanye n’ubuzima n’uburezi. # Gukora ubushakashatsi bwagutse ku mibereho y’abana bafite ubumuga. # Gutanga inkunga ku miryango ifite abana bafite ubumuga. == Imibare igaragara == {| class="wikitable" !Ikintu !Agaciro |- |Abana bafite ubumuga mu Rwanda bose |1.8 % by’abana bose<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://alpha.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/documents/2025-02/RPHC5%20Thematic%20Report_Socio-Economic%20status%20of%20Children.pdf |title=NISR, RPHC5 Report, 2023 |access-date=2025-10-11 |archive-date=2025-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716110741/https://alpha.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/documents/2025-02/RPHC5%20Thematic%20Report_Socio-Economic%20status%20of%20Children.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Abana bafite ubumuga mu mashuri abanza |1.1 %<ref>[https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/stories/inclusive-education-reality-rwanda UNICEF Rwanda, 2023]</ref> |- |Abana bafite ubumuga mu mashuri yisumbuye |0.6 %<ref>[https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/stories/inclusive-education-reality-rwanda UNICEF Rwanda, 2023]</ref> |} == Umusozo == Abana bafite ubumuga mu Rwanda bafite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere imibereho yabo, ariko haracyari imbogamizi nyinshi. Imbaraga za Leta, imiryango n’abaturage muri rusange zigomba guhurizwa hamwe kugira ngo buri mwana abone uburenganzira bungana n’ubw’abandi. == Reba nanone == * [[Uburenganzira bw’umwana mu Rwanda ku burezi n’imibereho]] * [[HVP Gatagara]] == Amasano yo hanze == * [https://www.unicef.org/rwanda UNICEF Rwanda] * [https://hopeandhomes.rw Hope and Homes for Children Rwanda] * [https://statistics.gov.rw National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda] == References == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Kinyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] dx2rx2c99yqjiszj18juqvb8nklf9b0 0 20808 132244 124982 2026-06-19T09:17:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132244 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itsinda ry’u Bwongereza ry’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe (LD)''' ni imwe mu makipe umunani y’ubumuga ashyigikiwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’umupira wamaguru . Kugira ngo umukinnyi ajye muri iri tsinda, agomba kuba afite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, afite IQ iri munsi cyangwa ingana na 70–75, nk’uko bisobanurwa n’ Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS). Nanone kandi, umukinnyi agomba kuba yarahawe uburezi bwihariye, cyangwa yaritabiriye akazi cyangwa serivisi z’ituzanwa hagati y’imyaka 0 kugeza kuri 18. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-08-30 |title=England ready for title defence |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/disability_sport/5293110.stm |access-date=2008-02-04 |publisher=BBC Sport}} (Final two paragraphs).</ref> Itsinda ry’u Bwongereza <ref>{{Cite news |last=Davies |first=Jeff |date=2002-08-25 |title=England LD's are top of the World |url=http://www.thefa.com/England/DisabledTeams/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20060326120927/http://www.thefa.com/England/DisabledTeams/ |archive-date=2006-03-26 |access-date=2008-02-04 |publisher=The FA}}</ref> ry’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe (England LD team) ryatsindiye igikombe cy’isi cy’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe mu mikino ya INAS mu mwaka wa 2002, ubwo ryatsindaga Ubuholandi (Netherlands) ibitego 2–1 kuri Stade Yokohama, mu Buyapani, muri Kanama 2002. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2003-08-13 |title=Disappointment for England |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/disability_sport/3147297.stm |access-date=2008-02-04 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mu kwezi kwa Kanama 2003, bageze ku mukino wa nyuma w’irushanwa rya Learning Disabilities European Championships, ariko batsindirwa ibitego 2–1 n’Ubuholandi muri Portugal. Mu mwaka wa 2004, muri Kanama, babaye abanyarukiko b’isi mu mikino ya mbere yiswe Global Games, batsinda [[Polonye]] ibitego 4–1 ku mukino wa nyuma wabereye i Bollnäs, muri Suède (Sweden). <ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-08-03 |title=England win Global Games title |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/disability_sport/3531712.stm |access-date=2008-02-04 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ariko, abari bafite igikombe cy’isi batsinzwe mu mikino ya ¼ cy’irushanwa (quarter finals) y’irushanwa rya INAS FID World Football Championship mu mwaka wa 2006, batsindwa ibitego 4–1 na Arabie Saoudite (Saudi Arabia) i Recklinghausen, mu Budage. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-09-11 |title=World Cup defence ends |url=http://www.thefa.com/England/DisabledTeams/NewsAndFeatures/Postings/2006/09/WorldCup_defence_ends.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080906235129/http://www.thefa.com/England/DisabledTeams/NewsAndFeatures/Postings/2006/09/WorldCup_defence_ends.htm |archive-date=2008-09-06 |access-date=2008-02-04 |publisher=The FA}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060326120927/http://www.thefa.com/England/DisabledTeams/ Urubuga rwemewe rwa FA, Amakipe yamugaye] {{England national football team}} jzi0s9c7ksj400i6j7rme3dggqjm4bg 0 20824 132245 125034 2026-06-19T09:18:11Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132245 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itsinda ry’u Bwongereza ry’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe (LD)''' ni imwe mu makipe umunani y’ubumuga ashyigikiwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’umupira wamaguru . Kugira ngo umukinnyi ajye muri iri tsinda, agomba kuba afite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, afite IQ iri munsi cyangwa ingana na 70–75, nk’uko bisobanurwa n’ Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS). Nanone kandi, umukinnyi agomba kuba yarahawe uburezi bwihariye, cyangwa yaritabiriye akazi cyangwa serivisi z’ituzanwa hagati y’imyaka 0 kugeza kuri 18. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-08-30 |title=England ready for title defence |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/disability_sport/5293110.stm |access-date=2008-02-04 |publisher=BBC Sport}} (Final two paragraphs).</ref> Itsinda ry’u Bwongereza <ref>{{Cite news |last=Davies |first=Jeff |date=2002-08-25 |title=England LD's are top of the World |url=http://www.thefa.com/England/DisabledTeams/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20060326120927/http://www.thefa.com/England/DisabledTeams/ |archive-date=2006-03-26 |access-date=2008-02-04 |publisher=The FA}}</ref> ry’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe (England LD team) ryatsindiye igikombe cy’isi cy’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe mu mikino ya INAS mu mwaka wa 2002, ubwo ryatsindaga Ubuholandi (Netherlands) ibitego 2–1 kuri Stade Yokohama, mu Buyapani, muri Kanama 2002. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2003-08-13 |title=Disappointment for England |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/disability_sport/3147297.stm |access-date=2008-02-04 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mu kwezi kwa Kanama 2003, bageze ku mukino wa nyuma w’irushanwa rya Learning Disabilities European Championships, ariko batsindirwa ibitego 2–1 n’Ubuholandi muri Portugal. Mu mwaka wa 2004, muri Kanama, babaye abanyarukiko b’isi mu mikino ya mbere yiswe Global Games, batsinda [[Polonye]] ibitego 4–1 ku mukino wa nyuma wabereye i Bollnäs, muri Suède (Sweden). <ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-08-03 |title=England win Global Games title |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/disability_sport/3531712.stm |access-date=2008-02-04 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ariko, abari bafite igikombe cy’isi batsinzwe mu mikino ya ¼ cy’irushanwa (quarter finals) y’irushanwa rya INAS FID World Football Championship mu mwaka wa 2006, batsindwa ibitego 4–1 na Arabie Saoudite (Saudi Arabia) i Recklinghausen, mu Budage. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-09-11 |title=World Cup defence ends |url=http://www.thefa.com/England/DisabledTeams/NewsAndFeatures/Postings/2006/09/WorldCup_defence_ends.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080906235129/http://www.thefa.com/England/DisabledTeams/NewsAndFeatures/Postings/2006/09/WorldCup_defence_ends.htm |archive-date=2008-09-06 |access-date=2008-02-04 |publisher=The FA}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060326120927/http://www.thefa.com/England/DisabledTeams/ Urubuga rwemewe rwa FA, Amakipe yamugaye] {{England national football team}} jzi0s9c7ksj400i6j7rme3dggqjm4bg 0 21034 132248 125409 2026-06-19T11:51:39Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132248 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Itegeko ry’Abafite Ubumuga (ryerekeye Amahirwe Angana, Kurengera Uburenganzira no Gushyira mu bikorwa byuzuye), ryo mu mwaka wa 1995''' ni itegeko rigamije gushyira mu bikorwa itangazo ryerekeye uruhare rwuzuye n’uburinganire bw’abafite ubumuga mu karere ka Aziya na pasifika. Ubuhinde bwashyize umukono ku Itangazo ryavuzwe kandi ni ngombwa gushyira mu bikorwa Itangazo ryavuzwe haruguru. == Reba kandi == * Ubukangurambaga bugera mu Buhinde * Itegeko rivangura abamugaye 1995 == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241208012708/https://niepmd.tn.nic.in/documents/PWD%20ACT.pdf http://niepmd.tn.nic.in/inyandiko/PWD%20ACT.pdf] r98xq7mx7m2pxuq5ny1385j2751rtyi 3 21490 132222 127879 2026-06-18T14:31:13Z MediaWiki message delivery 4287 /* Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ new section 132222 wikitext text/x-wiki == Thank you for being a medical translator! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; color: #000; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2025 Cure Translators Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2025 you [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php?camp=all&user_group=all&year=2025&month=All joined us as a medical translator]. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider formally joining the organization for 2026]]''', there are no associated costs. |} Look forwards to collaborating further in the year ahead. Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 07:53, 14 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) </div> :Thank you very much for this recognition! I’m honored to be part of the effort to make accurate and up-to-date health information freely available to everyone. I look forward to continuing to contribute and collaborating with the team in 2026. [[Umukoresha:Philemon Niyomwungeli|Philemon Niyomwungeli]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Philemon Niyomwungeli|talk]]) 22:07, 15 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Umukoresha:Philemon Niyomwungeli]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Translators_2025&oldid=30070105 --> == Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects. As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions. As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world. '''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''. Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns! Best regards, Feminism and Folklore international Team. --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:31, 18 Kamena 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30704478 --> tpgi0pr6wxx7acf7qbvhvmcb59d18fm 0 21591 132231 128249 2026-06-18T23:31:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132231 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imikino ya nyuma ya BAL yo muri 2021''' niyo yari shampiyona y'umwaka wa mbere wa Basketball Africa League (BAL). Umukino wa nyuma wabereye muri [[Kigali BK Arena|Kigali Arena]] i [[Kigali]] kuri 30 Gicurasi 2021. Umukino wahuje ikipe yomuri Misiri ya Zamalek n'ikipe yomuri Tuniziya ya US Monastir . Bitewe n'amabwiriza [[Icyorezo cya COVID-19 mu Rwanda|y'icyorezo cya COVID-19]], ubwitabire mukibuga bwari buke kandi abantu 1.789 bari bahari. Zamalek yatsinze ikipe ya Monastir yomuri Tuniziya amanota 76-63 itwara igikombe cyayo cyambere cya BAL n'igikombe cya kabiri cya Afurika, nyuma yo kwegukana igikombe cya Afurika cyomuwi 1992. Kubera iyompamvu, ikipe yegukanye igikombe cya FIBA Intercontinental Cup cya 2021. Walter Hodge wa Zamalek yagizwe umukinnyi w’inararibonye mu mikino ya shampiyona nyuma y’umukino wanyuma. == Amakipe == {| class="wikitable" !Ikipe ! Irushanwa rya nyuma ryabanje (itsinda ry'abakinnyi ryagaragaje ko ari abatsinze) |- |[[US Monastir (basketball)|Monastir yo muri Amerika]] | Nta na kimwe |- |[[Zamalek SC (basketball)|Zamalek]] | Nta na kimwe<br /><br /><br /><br /> <small>3 muri FIBA Africa Basketball League (1975, 1976, '''1992''' )</small> |- |} == Aho bizabera == Kuya 1 Kanama 2019, [[Kigali BK Arena|Kigali Arena]], yubatswe kandi ifungurwa muri 2019, yatangajwe ko izakira imikino ya nyuma yabane y'irushanwa rya BAL. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=S. V. G. |date=August 2019 |title=NBA's Basketball Africa League Reveals Seven Host Cities for Inaugural Season |url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2019/08/01/nbas-basketball-africa-league-reveals-seven-host-cities-for-inaugural-season/ |access-date=29 May 2021 |website=Sports Video Group |language=en}}</ref> Iyisitade ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abantu bagera ku 10.000, ikaba yarakiriye imikino yogushaka itike ya AfroBasket 2021 ndetse na shampiyona y'igihugu ya Basketball y'u Rwanda mbere yaho. Imiterere ya shampiyona yaje guhindurwa maze shampiyona yose ibera muri Kigali. Kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19, ubwitabire bwari buke kandi abareba bose bagombaga gukurikiza amategeko agenga intera hagati y’abantu . {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:1em auto;" ![[Kigali]] | rowspan="4" | |- | [[Kigali BK Arena|Ikibuga cya Kigali]] |- | Ubushobozi: 10.000 |- | |} == Inyuma == === Monastir yo muri Amerika === US Monastir yegukanye igikombe cya Pro A muri 2019, kugira ngo yegukane shampiyona ya mbere ya BAL. Iyikipe yanatwaye igikombe cya shampiyona muri 2020 kandi yegukanye shampiyona yomuri 2020-21 kuya 27 Mata 2021, nyuma yo gutsinda ikipeya Ezzahra Sports mumikino ya nyuma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Monastir History |url=https://basketball.afrobasket.com/team/Tunisia/US-Monastir/2874?Page=5 |access-date=14 May 2021 |website=Eurobasket.com}}</ref> kugira ngo yegukane ibikombe 6 muri shampiyona. Kuya 12 Mata 2021, iyi kipe yasinyishije Mounir Ben Slimane nk'umutoza wayo mushya. <ref>{{Cite news |title=الاتحاد المنستيري : تعيين منير بن سليمان في خطة مشرف عام على فرع كرة السلة |url=https://www.jawharafm.net/ar/article/الاتحاد-المنستيري--تعيين-منير-بن-سليمان-في-خطة-مشرف-عام-على-فرع-كرة-السلة/96/191642 |access-date=25 May 2022 |work=JawharaFM |language=ar}}</ref> Muri 2014, Monastir yatangiye gukina shampiyona ya FIBA Africa Club Championship, shampiyona ikomeye ku mugabane wa Afurika, kunshuro yambere. <ref name="eb">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Monastir Team Profile |url=https://basketball.afrobasket.com/teamDetails.asp?id=2874&SectionName=Tunisia&TeamName=US_Monastir&Page=5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603123129/https://basketball.afrobasket.com/teamDetails.asp?id=2874&SectionName=Tunisia&TeamName=US_Monastir&Page=5 |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=Eurobasket.com}}</ref> Muri 2017, iyikipe yarangije iriku mwanya wa gatatu muri shampiyona y’umugabane wa Afurika. Ikipe ya Monastir yaririmo abakinnyi barindwi bari n'abakinnyi b'ikipe y'igihugu ya Tuniziya . Mu gihe cya BAL, ikipe yitwaye neza mumatsinda itsinda abo bahanganye bose, ikaba ari yo kipe yonyine yabashije kubona amanota arenga 100 mumukino umwe ubwo yatsindaga GNBC yomuri Madagasikari kumanota 113 kuri 66. Yaje kuba iyambere mumikino yanyuma kandi yafashwe nk' "abakunzwe" kugikombe mbere y'uko shampiyona itangira na ''ESPN'' . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-18 |title=BAL favourites US Monastir make light work of GNBC |url=https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/31463871/bal-favourites-us-monastir-make-light-work-gnbc |access-date=29 May 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> === Zamalek === [[Dosiye:Agustí_Julbe_Anadolu_Efes_S.K._20171215.jpg|thumb|267x267px|Ni wo mwaka wa mbere nk'umutoza mukuru wa Augustí Julbe]] Zamalek yegukanye igikombe cya Egyptian Super League muri 2019, igikombe cyayo cyambere mumyaka 11, kugira ngo yegukane shampiyona yambere ya BAL. Mu myaka yomuwi 1990, iyi kipe yari yatsinze kurwego rw'umugabane ndetse n'igikombe cya FIBA Africa Basketball League mu 1992 n'icya nyuma cyatsinzwe muwi 1998. Ukongeraho imikino ya nyuma mwirushanwa ryahoze ari FIBA, uyu wari umukino wa gatanu wanyuma wa Zamalek ku mugabane w'umugabane. Ni womwaka wa mbere w’imikino uyobowe n’umutoza mukuru w’umunya-Espagne Augustí Julbe, waje avuye muri Gran Canaria . Mu gihe cyo gukina muri BAL, Zamalek yarikiri mu mikino ya kimwe cya kabiri cya Shampiyona ya Misiri yomuri 2020-21. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Basketball, News, Teams, Scores, Stats, Standings, Awards - afrobasket |url=https://www.afrobasket.com/Egypt/basketball.aspx |access-date=29 May 2021 |website=www.afrobasket.com}}</ref> Mbere y’umwaka w’imikino, ikipe yikomeje hamwe na Michael Fakuade, <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2021 |title=Michael Fakuade joins Zamalek for the BAL |url=http://thebalreport.com/egypt/michael-fakuade-joins-zamalek-for-the-bal/ |access-date=18 April 2021 |work=The BAL Report |archive-date=24 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424070244/http://thebalreport.com/egypt/michael-fakuade-joins-zamalek-for-the-bal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mouloukou Diabate <ref>{{Cite news |last=Abduljalil |first=Yusuf |date=17 April 2021 |title=Al Zamalek tabs Souleyman Diabate |url=https://www.afrobasket.com/Egypt/news/679433/Al-Zamalek-tabs-Souleyman-Diabate |access-date=18 April 2021 |work=Afrobasket.com}}</ref> na Chinemelu Elonu . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 April 2021 |title=Al Zamalek tabs Chinemelu Elonu for BAL |url=https://www.afrobasket.com/Nigeria/news/679430/Al-Zamalek-tabs-Chinemelu-Elonu-For-BAL-...! |access-date=18 April 2021 |work=Afrobasket.com}}</ref> Ikipe yakinnye neza cyane mumatsinda, itsinda abo bahanganye bose uko ari batatu, ijya mumikino ya nyuma y’imikino nk’iy’aba kabiri. == Inzira igana ku mukino wa nyuma == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" |[[US Monastir (basketball)|US Monastir]] !Round ! colspan="2" |[[Zamalek SC (basketball)|Zamalek]] |- style="background:#C1E0FF" |Opponent | colspan="1" |Result |Group stage |Opponent | colspan="1" |Result |- | style="text-align:left" |[[GNBC (basketball)|GNBC]] |113–66 | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Round 1 | style="text-align:left" |[[Ferroviário de Maputo (basketball)|Ferroviário de Maputo]] |71–55 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Rivers Hoopers]] |99–70 | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Round 2 | style="text-align:left" |[[AS Douanes (basketball)|AS Douanes]] |86–62 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Patriots Basketball Club|Patriots]] |91–75 | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Round 3 | style="text-align:left" |[[GS Pétroliers (basketball)|GS Pétroliers]] |97–64 |- | colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" |'''Group A first place'''   {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Position">Pos</abbr> ! scope="col" width="190" |Team<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Played">Pld</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Points">Pts</abbr> |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |1 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg|link=Tunisia|alt=Tunisia|border|23x23px]]</span> US Monastir | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |3 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |6 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |2 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg|link=Rwanda|alt=Rwanda|border|23x23px]]</span> [[Patriots Basketball Club|Patriots]] <span style="font-weight:bold">(H)</span> | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |3 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |5 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |3 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|link=Nigeria|alt=Nigeria|border|23x23px]]</span> Rivers Hoopers | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |3 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |4 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |4 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Madagascar.svg|link=Madagascar|alt=Madagascar|border|23x23px]]</span> GNBC | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |3 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |3 |} <div class="sports-table-notes">Source: [https://www.thebal.com BAL]<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold">(H)</span> Hosts</div> | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Regular season | colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" |'''Group C first place'''   {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Position">Pos</abbr> ! scope="col" width="190" |Team<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Played">Pld</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Points">Pts</abbr> |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |1 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Egypt.svg|link=Egypt|alt=Egypt|border|23x23px]]</span> Zamalek | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |3 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |6 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |2 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg|link=Mozambique|alt=Mozambique|border|23x23px]]</span> Ferroviário de Maputo | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |3 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |5 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |3 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Senegal.svg|link=Senegal|alt=Senegal|border|23x23px]]</span> AS Douanes | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |3 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |4 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |4 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Algeria.svg|link=Algeria|alt=Algeria|border|23x23px]]</span> GS Pétroliers | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |3 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |3 |} <div class="sports-table-notes">Source: [https://www.thebal.com BAL]</div> |- style="background:#C1E0FF" |Opponent |Result |Playoffs |Opponent |Result |- | style="text-align:left" |[[AS Douanes (basketball)|AS Douanes]] |86–62 | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Quarterfinals | style="text-align:left" |[[FAP Basketball|FAP]] |82–53 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Patriots Basketball Club|Patriots]] |87–64 | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Semifinals | style="text-align:left" |[[Petro de Luanda (basketball)|Petro de Luanda]] |89–71 |- |} == Umukino == Nubwo ikipe ya Monastir ya Amerika yari itowe mbere y'umukino, Zamalek yatsinze umukino wa nyuma kuburyo butangaje. <ref name=":0"/> Mohab Yasser, umukinnyi muto mumwaka wa shampiyona ya BAL kumyaka 18, yatanze amanota 14 nyuma yogutera 6-kuri-8 mukibuga. Abakinnyi batatu ba Solo Diabate, Michael Fakuade na Chinemelu Elonu bongereye amanota 40 avuye kuntebe y'abasimbura. Hasigaye iminota umunani ngo umukino ugere, Zamalek yafunguye amanota 15 maze ibasha gutsinda BAL bwambere. Walter Hodge, umukinnyi wa Zamalek ukina amanota 12, anatanga imipira 4, maze ahabwa igihembo cya mbere cya BAL Most Valuable Player . Hodge yariyakiniye US Monastir mumwaka ushize.{{2021 BAL Final}} {| style="width:100%;" | align="right" valign="top" width="33%" | {{Bs game header|p=yes|r=yes|a=yes|colour=#ffffff}} {{Bs game player|pos=PG|no=00|nat=TUN|name=Omar Abada|p=13|r=4|a=5}} {{Bs game player|pos=SG|no=5|nat=TUN|name=Mourad El Mabrouk|p=2|r=3|a=0}} {{Bs game player|pos=SF|no=15|nat=TUN|name=Radhouane Slimane|p=14|r=10|a=1}} {{Bs game player|pos=PF|no=24|nat=TUN|name=Makrem Ben Romdhane|p=1|r=4|a=5}} {{Bs game player|pos=C|no=21|nat=SSD|name=Ater Majok|p=3|r=6|a=0}} {{Bs game mid|p=yes|r=yes|a=yes}} {{Bs game player|pos=G|no=1|nat=TUN|name=Neji Jaziri|dnp=yes}} {{Bs game player|pos=G|no=2|nat=USA|name=Chris Crawford|dab=basketball, born 1992|p=14|r=3|a=1}} {{Bs game player|pos=G|no=10|nat=LBN|name=Wael Arakji|p=13|r=1|a=2}} {{Bs game player|pos=F|no=11|nat=TUN|name=Oussama Marnaoui|dnp=yes}} {{Bs game player|pos=G|no=22|nat=TUN|name=Eskander Bhouri|dnp=yes}} {{Bs game player|pos=F|no=23|nat=TUN|name=Firas Lahyani|p=0|r=0|a=0}} {{Bs game player|pos=C|no=32|nat=TUN|name=Mokhtar Ghyaza|p=2|r=5|a=1}} {{Bs game coach|nat=TUN|name=Mounir Ben Slimane}} | style="vertical-align:top; align:center; width:33%;" | {| style="width:100%;" | style="width=50%;" |{{Basketball kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|pattern_s=|leftarm=|body=|shorts=|title=Monastir}} | | style="width=50%;" |{{Basketball kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|pattern_s=_whitebottom|leftarm=|body=643ba1|shorts=643ba1|title=Zamalek}} |} 0 {| class="wikitable" align="center" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center; margin:auto;" !Monastir ! rowspan="2" |Statistics !Zamalek |- | style="background:#ffffff;" | | style="background:#643ba1;" | |- |17/43 (39%) |2-pt field goals |24/38 (63%) |- |4/23 (17%) |3-pt field goals |7/24 (29%) |- |17/26 (65%) |Free throws |7/12 (58%) |- |15 |Offensive rebounds |8 |- |25 |Defensive rebounds |32 |- |40 |Total rebounds |40 |- |12 |Assists |15 |- |18 |Turnovers |19 |- |8 |Steals |5 |- |4 |Blocks |5 |- |17 |Fouls |26 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto" ! style="background: #1d4289 ; color: #fdb826; border: 1px solid #008349;" |2021 BAL champions |- |<br /><br /> '''[[Zamalek SC (basketball)|Zamalek]]'''<br /><br /> 1st BAL title; 2nd continental title |} | style="vertical-align:top; align:left; width:33%;" | {{Bs game header|p=yes|r=yes|a=yes|colour=#643ba1}} {{Bs game player|pos=PG|no=00|nat=VIR|name=Walter Hodge|p=12|r=1|a=4}} {{Bs game player|pos=SG|no=2|nat=EGY|name=Mohab Yasser|p=14|r=3|a=2}} {{Bs game player|pos=SF|no=12|nat=EGY|name=Eslam Salem|p=0|r=1|a=0}} {{Bs game player|pos=PF|no=10|nat=EGY|name=Anas Mahmoud|p=5|r=6|a=2}} {{Bs game player|pos=C|no=50|nat=EGY|name=Mostafa Kejo|p=0|r=3|a=0}} {{Bs game mid|p=yes|r=yes|a=yes}} {{Bs game player|pos=G|no=1|nat=CIV|name=Mouloukou Diabate|p=14|r=3|a=6}} {{Bs game player|pos=G|no=14|nat=EGY|name=Ahmed Hatem|dab=basketball|dnp=yes}} {{Bs game player|pos=G|no=15|nat=EGY|name=Omar Hesham|p=5|r=2|a=0}} {{Bs game player|pos=F|no=23|nat=EGY|name=Ahmed Abdelwahab|p=0|r=0|a=0}} {{Bs game player|pos=C|no=24|nat=NGR|name=Michael Fakuade|p=15|r=2|a=1}} {{Bs game player|pos=F|no=41|nat=EGY|name=Haytham Elsaharty|dnp=yes}} {{Bs game player|pos=C|no=42|nat=NGR|name=Chinemelu Elonu|p=11|r=12|a=0}} {{Bs game coach|nat=ESP|name=Augustí Julbe}} |} == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} t8yn3t1lh5p3l82o5op826z8ui59i2u 0 21674 132236 128886 2026-06-19T04:01:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Serbian basketball player}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} {{Infobox basketball biography | name = Darko Balaban | image = | image_size = | caption = | position = [[Center (basketball)|Umunyezamu wo hagati]] | height_m = 2.11 | weight_kg = 105 | league = | team = | number = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|09|22|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Novi Sad]], [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|Serbia]], [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugosilaviya]] | nationality = Serbian | draft_year = 2011 | career_start = 2007 | career_end = | years1 = 2007–2010 | team1 = [[KK Partizan|Partizan]] | years2 = 2010–2011 | team2 = [[KK Crvena zvezda|Crvena zvezda]] | years3 = 2011–2012 | team3 = [[KK Smederevo 1953|Smederevo 1953]] | years4 = 2012 | team4 = [[BKK Radnički]] | years5 = 2012 | team5 = [[BC Mureş Târgu Mureş|Târgu Mureş]] | years6 = 2013 | team6 = [[KK Vršac|Vršac]] | years7 = 2013–2014 | team7 = [[KK Feni Industries|Feni Industries]] | years8 = 2014 | team8 = Smederevo 1953 | years9 = 2014–2015 | team9 = [[Szedeák]] | years10 = 2015 | team10 = [[PAOK B.C.|PAOK]] | years11 = 2015–2016 | team11 = [[CS Dinamo București (basketball)|Dinamo București]] | years12 = 2016–2017 | team12 = [[Club Africain (basketball)|Club Africain]] | years13 = 2017–2018 | team13 = [[KK Borac Čačak|Borac Čačak]] | years14 = 2018–2020 | team14 = [[Club Melilla Baloncesto|Melilla]] | years15 = 2020–2021 | team15 = [[BC Balkan Botevgrad|Balkan]] | highlights = * [[BLS First League MVP|Umukinnyi mwiza wa shampiyona ya Serbia]] (2012) | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{SRB}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Mediterranean Games|Imikino ya Mediterranean]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2013 Mediterranean Games|2013 Mersin]]|[[Basketball at the 2013 Mediterranean Games – Men's tournament|Irushanwa ry’amakipe]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Universiade]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[2013 Summer Universiade|2013 Kazan]]|[[Basketball at the 2013 Summer Universiade – Men's tournament|Irushanwa ry’amakipe]]}} | years16 = 2021–2022 | team16 = Kouchin Amol | years17 = 2022 | team17 = [[APR B.C.|APR]] }} '''Darko Balaban''' ({{lang-sr-cyr|Дарко Балабан}}; yavutse ku wa 22 Nzeri 1989) ni umukinnyi wa [[basketball|umukino wa basketball]] w’umunyaseribiya wabigize umwuga. ==Umwuga we w’umukino== Balaban yakuriye muri KK Sport Key yo mu [[:en:Novi_Sad|Novi Sad]] aho yakinnye kuva mu 2003 kugeza mu 2007 ubwo yimukiraga muri [[KK Partizan|Partizan]]. Mu 2010 yimukiye muri [[KK Crvena zvezda|Crvena zvezda]] aho yamaze umwaka umwe.<ref>[https://mondo.rs/a179492/Sport/Kosarka/MONDO-Balaban-iz-Partizana-u-Zvezdu.html MONDO: Balaban iz Partizana u Zvezdu] {{in lang|sr}}</ref> Mu mwaka w’imikino wa 2011–12 yasinyiye [[:en:KK_Smederevo_1953|KK Smederevo]] aho yagize umwaka mwiza cyane maze yitwa [[Most valuable player|umukinnyi mwiza (MVP)]] wa [[Basketball League of Serbia|shampiyona ya basketball ya Serbia]].<ref>[http://www.beobasket.net/news/26394/darko-balaban-mvp-of-serbian-league.html DARKO BALABAN MVP OF SERBIAN LEAGUE]</ref> Muri Werurwe 2012 yasinyiye [[:en:BKK_Radnički|BKK Radnički]] mu [[2011–12 Basketball League of Serbia|Serbian Super League]] ariko yakinnye imikino icyenda gusa ahita ava mu ikipe. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho yatangiriye muri [[BC Mureş Târgu Mureş|Târgu Mureş]] ariko ayivamo mu Ukuboza 2012. Mu Ukwakira 2013 yasinyiye '''Vršac'''. Yayivuyemo amaze gukina imikino ibiri gusa asinya muri [[:en:KK_Tikveš|Feni Industries]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305143941/http://www.kosarka24.com/vesti/ostale-lige/10108-balaban-u-makedoniji Balaban u Makedoniji] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20131030104142/http://www.kosarka24.com/vesti/ostale-lige/10108-balaban-u-makedoniji |date=30 October 2013 }} {{in lang|sr}}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2014 yasubiye muri Serbia asinyira ikipe ye ya mbere Smederevo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171117122514/http://www.kosarka24.com/vesti/kls/12204-balaban-ponovo-u-smederevu Balaban ponovo u Smederevu] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20140304035131/http://www.kosarka24.com/vesti/kls/12204-balaban-ponovo-u-smederevu |date=4 March 2014 }} {{in lang|sr}}</ref> Muri Nzeri 2014 yasinyiye ikipe yo muri Hongiriya Naturtex SZTE-Szedeák mu mwaka w’imikino wa 2014–15. Ku wa 1 Ukwakira 2015 yasinyiye ikipe yo mu Bugereki [[PAOK B.C.|PAOK]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151015091536/http://www.eurocupbasketball.com/eurocup/news/i/6dlw5964by3rqndj/paok-gets-bigger-with-balaban PAOK gets bigger with Balaban]</ref> Nyuma yaje kuyivamo muri uko kwezi amaze gukina imikino ibiri ya '''shampiyona yo mu Bugereki''' n’imikino itatu ya [[:en:EuroCup|Eurocup]]. Ku wa 2 Ukuboza 2015 yasinyiye ikipe yo muri Romania [[CS Dinamo București (basketball)|Dinamo București]] kugeza shampiyona ya 2015–16 irangiye.<ref>{{cite news|title=Baschet. Darko Balaban (2,12 m) – noul jucator al echipei Dinamo|url=http://81.181.207.80/sectia-jocuri-sportive/baschet-masculin/baschet-darko-balaban-212-m-noul-jucator-al-echipei-dinamo|accessdate=10 February 2016|work=csdinamo.eu|date=2 December 2015|language=Romanian|archive-date=16 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216032109/http://81.181.207.80/sectia-jocuri-sportive/baschet-masculin/baschet-darko-balaban-212-m-noul-jucator-al-echipei-dinamo|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 2017 yasinyiye [[KK Borac Čačak|Borac Čačak]] kugeza umwaka w’imikino wa 2017–18 urangiye.<ref>[https://druga.aba-liga.com/news.php?id=39183 Darko Balaban inks contract with Borac]</ref> Ku wa 18 Kanama 2018 yasinyiye [[Club Melilla Baloncesto|Melilla]] yo muri [[Liga Española de Baloncesto|LEB Oro]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Darko Balaban, centimetros para la pintura del Melilla Baloncesto |url=https://www.feb.es/2018/8/18/baloncesto/darko-balaban-centimetros-para-pintura-del-melilla-baloncesto/75678.aspx |accessdate=18 August 2018 |work=FEB |date=18 August 2018 |language=es-ES}}</ref> Mu mwaka w’imikino wa 2021–22 yakiniye [[Kouchin Amol]] yo muri I'''ranian Basketball Super Leagu'''e. Muri Nyakanga 2022, Balaban yinjiye mu ikipe yo mu Rwanda [[APR WBBC|APR]] ikina muri [[Rwanda Basketball League|Shampiyona ya Basketball mu Rwanda]] (RBL).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Munyeshuri |first=Evode |date=2022-07-11 |title=REG BBC Proves Too Much For APR, RBL Weekend Wrap. {{!}} Ground Sports |url=https://ground-sports.com/2022/07/11/reg-bbc-proves-too-much/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |language=en-US |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422165941/https://ground-sports.com/2022/07/11/reg-bbc-proves-too-much/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} 24go6gf8lh7750y9featacgbducuy7k 0 22114 132243 129257 2026-06-19T09:17:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 132243 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lady Doves FC''' nikipe [[Umupira w’amaguru|y'umupira w'amaguru]] y'abagore yo muri Uganda yitabira shampiyona y'abagore ya FUFA . Iyikipe ifiteicyicaro mumujyi wa Masindi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-10 |title=Dove FC: Something special is brewing in Masindi |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/dove-fc-something-special-is-brewing-in-masindi-1745648 |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Amateka == Lady Doves FC yagiranye ubufatanye kumugaragaro n'ikipe ya [[Kitara FC]] yomuri Uganda . Ubu bufatanye bwashyizwe kumugaragaro nyumayogusinya amasezerano y'ubufatanye na perezida wa Kitara FC, Deo Kasozi na Nsingwire Godfrey, ba Lady Doves FC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kitara FC and Lady Doves FC Enter Partnership |url=https://kitarafc.co.ug/kitara-fc-and-lady-doves-fc-enter-partnership/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=KITARA FC |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719210539/https://kitarafc.co.ug/kitara-fc-and-lady-doves-fc-enter-partnership/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lady Doves FC yegukanye $10000 nyuma yokumwanya wagatatu n'umudari wa bronze mu irushanwa rya mbere rya CAF Women's Champions League ryabereye mumurwa mukuru [[Kenya|wa Kenya]], [[Nairobi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsha |first=Ahmed |date=2021-09-10 |title=Lady Doves wins $10,000 for finishing 3rd at CAF Women Champions League |url=https://www.fufa.co.ug/lady-doves-wins-10000-for-finishing-3rd-at-caf-women-champions-league/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lady Doves FC yeesozze 'semi' za CECAFA e Kenya |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ebyemizannyo/lady-doves-fc-yeesozze-semi-za-cecafa-e-kenya-BUK_106812 |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muyita |first=Joel |date=2021-08-31 |title=Lady Doves ready for stern test against Simba Queens |url=https://kawowo.com/2021/08/31/lady-doves-ready-for-stern-test-against-simba-queens/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2022, Lady Doves FC yarangije umukinowayo idatsinzwe n'ikipe ya She Corporate kubitego 5 kubusa kurisitade ya Katusabe i Masindi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsha |first=Ahmed |date=2022-05-04 |title=FUFA Women Super League: Lady Doves end She Corporate unbeaten run as Kampala Queens earn point off Uganda Martyrs to go joint top |url=https://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-women-super-league-lady-doves-end-she-corporate-unbeaten-run-as-kampala-queens-earn-point-off-uganda-martyrs-to-go-joint-top/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ibyubahiro == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" ! style="width:5" |Ubwoko ! style="width:5" | Irushanwa ! style="width:5" | Imitwe ! style="width:5" | Ibihembwe byo Gutsinda ! style="width:5" | Aba kabiri |- | rowspan="2" | '''CAF''' ! scope="col" | Shampiyona y'abagore ya CAF | '''Umuringa''' | align="left" | 2021 | align="left" | 1 |- |} == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} saoh1cuick1p7o7sxgosqh97q5kuffm 0 22613 132210 131110 2026-06-18T12:52:36Z Mamaeked 18411 132210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ikibazo cy’umutekano wa Canvas''' ni ikibazo gikomeje kugaragara ku mutekano w’ikoranabuhanga, guhagarara no kwangiza amakuru ku birebana na [[Canvas LMS]], sisitemu yo gucunga imyigire ikorwa n’ikigo cyigenga [[Instructure]].<ref>https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2026-05-07/canvas-data-breach-california-colleges-uc-ucla-berkeley-csu-laccd</ref> Mu ntangiriro za [[Gicurasi]] 2026, Instructure yatangaje ko irimo gukora iperereza ku kibazo cy’umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga kijyanye n’amakuru amwe n’amwe y’abakoresha, harimo amazina, aderesi za imeri, nimero z’indangamuntu z’abanyeshuri, n’ubutumwa mu bakoresha.<ref>https://www.instructure.com/incident_update</ref> Isosiyete yavuze ko nta bimenyetso yabonye bigaragaza ko ijambo ry’ibanga, amatariki y’amavuko, indangamuntu za leta, cyangwa amakuru y’imari byagize uruhare muri ubu bujura. Nubwo Instructure yavugaga ko ikibazo cyakemutse, ku ya 7 Gicurasi, Canvas yongeye kwibasirwa; urupapuro rwayo rwo kwinjira rwasimbuwe n'ubutumwa bwa ransomware bwa [[ShinyHunters]], itsinda ry'abagizi ba nabi ryatangaje ko ariryo ryabigizemo uruhare. ShinyHunters yateye ubwoba ko izasohora amakuru y'ibanga ya Canvas keretse iyo incungu yayo yishyuwe bitarenze impera z'itariki ya 12 Gicurasi. Ariko, kugeza ku itariki ya 8 Gicurasi, Instructure yatangaje ku rubuga rwabo nta kibazo na kimwe cyabayeho gifitanye isano n'urukozasoni rwo ku ya 7-8 Gicurasi, kandi ivuga ko abakoresha benshi bongeye kubona urubuga rwabo.<ref>https://status.instructure.com/incidents/m88d7ymwpzpy</ref> ==Amareferensi== {{reflist}} {{Stub}} [[Category: 2026 kutubahiriza amategeko]] [[Category: 2026 mu bijyanye n'ibaruramari]] [[Category: 2026 mu burezi]] [[Category: Ibitero bya cyber]] [[Category: Gicurasi 2026]] f11cvudz2a5uvj4nt91kj5el3dmxmlx 0 22933 132230 2026-06-18T21:19:54Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 impinduka 132230 wikitext text/x-wiki Bienvenue Redemptus ni umunyamakuru mu Rwanda wavukiye mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba mu Karere ka Kirehe mu Murenge wa Mahama ahahoze hitwa Nyarubuye. Uyu munsi ni umwe mu banyamakuru bo mu Rwanda, ndetse inzozi afite ni nyinshi kuko intambwe atera zimutera icyizere ko nibiri imbere byiza azabigeraho.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/abantu/article/urugendo-rwa-bienvenu-redemptus-usoma-amakuru-kuri-televiziyo-rwanda</ref> == UBUZIMA BWE == Redemptus ni umugabo ufite imyaka 36, wavukiye mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba ho mu Karere ka Kirehe akaba afite umugore witwa Igihozo Divine bari bamaze imyaka 3 mu munyenga w'urukundo,basezeranye imbere y'amategeko n'imbere y'Imana kuwa kane taliki ya 30 Werurwe 2023, umuhango wabereye ku Murenge wa Rwezamenyo i Nyamirambo muri Kigali. Uyu munyamakuru kandi, ykoreye ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'itangazamakuru muri 2012 ubwo cyari kikitwa ORINFOR. Kuri we kuba umunyamakuru avuga ko atari ibintu byamugwirirye ahubwo ko yabikundaga kuva kera.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/namukundiye-byinshi-bienvenue-redemptus-yasezeranye-mu-mategeko-numukunzi-we-amafoto-127652</ref> == AMASHURI YIZE == Bienvenue Redemptus yize amashuri abanza ndetse n'ayisumbuye aho afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya Kaminuza(A0), mu mashuri makuru. Yize muri Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda mu ishami ry'itangazamakuru n'itumanaho(Journalism and communication) mu mwaka wa 2012<ref>https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=8d9371b1f2eb8502&sxsrf=ANbL-n4vXP2jbOYuEA-9VsXQ1MeO-_wPEA%3A1781816054249&q=Amashuri+redemptus+yize+age&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQtN-H1pGVAxVbywIHHVifAG4Q1QJ6BAg-EAE&biw=1280&bih=585&dpr=1.5</ref> == IBIHEMBO YATWAYE == Bienvenue Redemptus yahawe ibihembo bitandukanye harimo ikitwa Best TV News Anchor/Rreporter Award mu mwaka wa 2016 na 2018 gihabwa umunyamakuru urusha abandi mu gusoma amakuru kuri Televiziyo.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/bienvenue-redemptus-yasezeranye-kubana-akaramata-n-umukunzi-we</ref> == AMASHAKIRO; == 7qqeudfcbvfnv4845goyy7rdi1je1gw