Inyandikorugero:Country data Tuvalu

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    <title>Inyandikorugero:Country data Tuvalu</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-17T02:34:52Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Replacing Flag_of_Tuvalu_(1996–1997).svg with [[File:Flag_of_Tuvalu_(1995–1997).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · See: https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en</comment>
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| alias = Tuvalu
| flag alias = Flag of Tuvalu.svg
| flag alias-1976 = Flag of Tuvalu (1976–1978).svg
| flag alias-1978 = Flag of Tuvalu (1978–1995).svg
| flag alias-oct1995 = Flag of Tuvalu (1995).svg
| flag alias-1995 = Flag of Tuvalu (1995–1997).svg
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1976
| var2 = 1978
| var3 = oct1995
| var4 = 1995
| redir1 = TUV
| related1 = Gilbert and Ellice Islands
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      <comment>/* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-34 */ new section</comment>
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      <text bytes="26572" sha1="52fhqvnqdepnx5m6mi87ai0e3qnrbkv" xml:space="preserve">== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&amp;#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
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[[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]]
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The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
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The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as &quot;The Forbidden Fruit&quot;). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a &quot;scientific fraud&quot;. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Umuganda&quot;Rwandan community work&quot;.jpg|300px|center]]
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'''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine.

The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:kr:주령구]])&amp;#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]]
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Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata.

L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]]
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'''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
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[[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]]
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The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-27 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Facial age estimation]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Facial age estimation''' is the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the age of a person based on their facial features. Computer vision techniques are used to analyse the facial features in the images of millions of people whose age is known and then deep learning is used to create an algorithm that tries to predict the age of an unknown person. The key use of the technology is to prevent access to age-restricted goods and services. Examples include restricting children from accessing internet pornography, checking that they meet a mandatory minimum age when registering for an account on social media, or preventing adults from accessing websites, online chat or games designed only for use by children. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-28 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Paulo César Vinha State Park]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Capim dourado.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Paulo César Vinha State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha) is a state park in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It protects an area of dunes, lagoons and marshes along the Atlantic shore. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-29 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Caledonian MacBrayne]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
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[[File:Cal-Mac HQ2005.jpg|300px|center|]]
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'''Caledonian MacBrayne''', in short form CalMac, is the trade name of CalMac Ferries Ltd, the major operator of passenger and vehicle ferries to the west coast of Scotland, serving ports on the mainland and 22 of the major islands. It is a subsidiary of holding company David MacBrayne, which is owned by the Scottish Government. 

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-[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:20, 13 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-30 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Immigration to Switzerland]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
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In 2023, resident foreigners made up 26.3% of Switzerland's population. Most of these (83%) were from European countries. Italy provided the largest single group of foreigners, accounting for 14.7% of total foreign population, followed closely by Germany (14.0%), Portugal (11.7%), France (6.6%), Kosovo (5.1%), Spain (3.9%), Turkey (3.1%), North Macedonia (3.1%), Serbia (2.8%), Austria (2.0%), United Kingdom (1.9%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1.3%) and Croatia (1.3%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka (1.3%), most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group of Asian origin (7.9%).  

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-31 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fr:Study of Man's Impact on Climate]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
La '''Study of Man's Impact on Climate''' (traduisible en français par « Étude de l'impact de l'homme sur le climat ») est une conférence scientifique internationale consacrée à l'influence humaine sur le climat qui s'est tenue à Stockholm, en Suède, du 28 juin au 16 juillet 1971. Elle aborde diverses hypothèses parmi lesquelles la destruction de la couche d'ozone et le réchauffement (ou refroidissement) climatique, établit l'état du savoir à leur sujet et, soulignant les nombreuses inconnues qui demeurent, appelle à consacrer davantage de fonds à la recherche scientifique sur le climat. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-32 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Plot of Prats de Molló]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ca:Fets de Prats de Molló]])&amp;#32;([[:es:Complot de Prats de Molló]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''plot of Prats de Molló''' was an attempted military invasion of Catalonia carried out from France to achieve its independence planned by Francesc Macià and the leadership of the Estat Català party, discovered and aborted in 1926. The plan consisted of the penetration of two columns (one from Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans, the other from Coll d'Ares), which were to occupy Olot and proclaim the Catalan Republic. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
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--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:11, 3 Kanama 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-33 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Composizione VII]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Composition VII - Wassily Kandinsky, GAC.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Composizione VII''' (Композиция VII o Zu Komposition 7) è un olio su tela del 1913, realizzato dal pittore russo Vasilij Vasil'evič Kandinskij e conservato nella Galleria Tret'jakov di Mosca.

Prodotto centrale del pittore russo nel periodo 1910-1915, essa è considerata l'opera che certificò la raggiunta maturità creativa da parte di Kandinskij, rappresentando anche l'apice della sua energia creativa. È considerato il più rappresentativo tra i lavori completati durante l'anno del successo internazionale dell'artista, simboleggiando il punto di emancipazione definitivo dell'Astrattismo.

Opera più grande mai realizzata dall'artista per dimensione, facente parte della serie denominata Composizioni, rappresenta un'allegoria dell'Apocalisse, di cui riprende il tema e lo propone in una versione astratta, trasfigurata dalla realtà in una forma composta da sole linee e colori. 

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----
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--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 10 Kanama 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-34 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Divorce in Poland]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Divorce in Poland''' occurs at a rate slightly below that of the average for Europe. In the Polish legal system, divorce proceedings fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the civil court; there is no legal basis for resolving a marriage through the agreement of the spouses or through administrative procedures. Divorce requests are assessed by the court, in accordance with the positive and negative prerequisites set in the relevant law. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:59, 17 Kanama 2026 (UTC)
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  <page>
    <title>Umukoresha:Itangishaka adino</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>23047</id>
    <revision>
      <id>134556</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-16T13:04:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Itangishaka adino</username>
        <id>18410</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>amateka y'umwami Nero</comment>
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      <text bytes="4382" sha1="kzmbevcn7l8f72jgazd9fpn9w4rmigd" xml:space="preserve">Nero (Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, wavukiye ari Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; ku wa 15 Ukuboza AD 37 – ku wa 9 Kamena AD 68) yari umwami w’abami w’Abaroma kuva AD 54 kugeza yihitanye mu mwaka wa AD 68, akaba ari we wari uwa nyuma mu ngoma y’umuryango wa Julio-Claudian.

Nero yavukiye i Antium mu mwaka wa AD 37, ari umuhungu wa Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus na Agrippina Umuto (wari umwuzukuruza w’Umwami w’Abami Augustus). Nero yari afite imyaka itatu igihe se yapfaga.[1] Igihe Nero yari afite imyaka cumi n’imwe, nyina yashakanye n’Umwami w’Abami Claudius, maze Claudius aramurera ndetse amugira umuragwa we.Claudius amaze gupfa mu mwaka wa AD 54, Nero yabaye umwami w’abami ashyigikiwe n’Ingabo z’Abapraetoriya (Praetorian Guard) na Sena. Mu myaka ya mbere y’ingoma ye, Nero yagirwaga inama kandi akayoborwa na nyina Agrippina, umwarimu we Seneca Umuto, ndetse n’umuyobozi w’Abapraetoriya Sextus Afranius Burrus. Ariko nyuma yashatse kwiyobora ku giti cye no kwikuraho abantu bamubuzaga gukora ibyo ashaka. Intambara y’ubutegetsi hagati ya Nero na nyina yageze ku ndunduro igihe Nero yategekaga ko nyina yicwa. Inyandiko z’Abaroma kandi zishinja Nero kugira uruhare mu rupfu rw’umugore we Claudia Octavia bivugwa ko yashakaga kumwica kugira ngo ashobore gushyingiranwa na Poppaea Sabina—ndetse no mu rupfu rwa murumuna we w’umubyara Britannicus.

Mu bijyanye n’imiyoborere ya Roma, uruhare rwa Nero rwibanze cyane ku mubano w’ibihugu, ubucuruzi n’umuco. Yategetse ko hubakwa amakinamico manini n’ahaberaga imikino, anateza imbere amarushanwa ya siporo n’andi marushanwa. Yagaragaraga imbere y’abantu ari umukinnyi w’amakinamico, umusizi, umucuranzi ndetse n’umukinnyi w’amagare y’amafarasi. Ibyo byateye ipfunwe bamwe mu banyacyubahiro b’Abaroma, kuko iyo mirimo ubusanzwe yakorwaga n’abacakara, abakina imyidagaduro mu ruhame, cyangwa abantu babonwaga nk’abatagira agaciro muri sosiyete. Ariko iyo myidagaduro yatumye Nero akundwa n’abaturage bo mu byiciro byo hasi. Amafaranga yakoreshejwe muri iyo myidagaduro yatangwaga n’abayobozi bo mu turere dutandukanye cyangwa akishyurwa binyuze mu misoro, ibintu byarakaje cyane abanyacyubahiro b’Abaroma.

Mu gihe cy’ingoma ya Nero, umusirikare mukuru Corbulo yarwanye intambara hagati y’Abaroma n’Abaparitiya kuva AD 58 kugeza AD 63, maze agirana amahoro n’Ubwami bwa Parthia bwari busanzwe butavuga rumwe n’Abaroma. Umusirikare mukuru w’Abaroma Suetonius Paulinus yahosheje ubwigomeke bukomeye bwabereye i Britannia buyobowe n’umwamikazi Boudica. Ubwami bwa Bosporus bwaje kumara igihe gito bwigarurirwa n’Ubwami bw’Abaroma, naho Intambara ya Mbere y’Abayahudi n’Abaroma iratangira. Igihe umusenateri witwaga Vindex yigometse kuri Nero, ashyigikiwe na Galba waje kuba umwami w’abami, Nero yatangajwe nk’umwanzi w’igihugu maze acirwa urwo gupfa adahari. Yahise ahunga Roma, maze ku wa 9 Kamena AD 68 yihitana. Urupfu rwe rwakurikiwe n’intambara y’abenegihugu yamaze igihe gito izwi nka '''Umwaka w’Abami Bane''' (Year of the Four Emperors).

Inyandiko nyinshi z’Abaroma zigaragaza Nero mu buryo bubi cyane, haba ku mico ye ndetse no ku ngoma ye. Inyandiko nyinshi zanditswe mu gihe cye cyangwa nyuma yaho gato zimugaragaza nk’umutegetsi w’umunyagitugu, wikunda kandi w’ikirara. Umuhanga mu mateka Tacitus avuga ko abaturage b’Abaroma bamubonaga nk’umuntu ukabya kandi w’umuhemu. Suetonius avuga ko Abanyaroma benshi bizeraga ko '''Umuriro Mukuru wa Roma''' watangijwe na Nero kugira ngo asenye amazu yari aho maze ahubake inzu ye nini yitwaga '''Golden House (Domus Aurea)'''. Tacitus avuga ko Nero yafashe Abakirisitu akabagira ibitambo byo gushinja uwo muriro, akabategeka gutwikwa ari bazima, kandi ko yabikoraga ahanini kubera ubugome bwe bwite aho kuba ubutabera rusange.

Ariko bamwe mu bahanga b’iki gihe bashidikanya ku kuri kwuzuye kw’inyandiko za kera zivuga ibikorwa by’ubugome bwa Nero, cyane cyane bitewe n’uko yari agifite abakunzi benshi mu baturage basanzwe b’Abaroma. Mu ntara zo mu burasirazuba bw’Ubwami bw’Abaroma, havutse umugani uvuga ko Nero atapfuye kandi ko yari kuzagaruka. Nyuma y’urupfu rwe, nibura abayobozi batatu b’ubwigomeke bwamaze igihe gito kandi bukananirwa, biyise '''“Nero wagarutse” (Nero reborn)''' kugira ngo babone inkunga y’abaturage.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>134557</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-16T13:05:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Itangishaka adino</username>
        <id>18410</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>title</comment>
      <origin>134557</origin>
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      <text bytes="4398" sha1="r2u1tjd4qltr8femxx57dh9qvb1fadd" xml:space="preserve">= Umwami Nero =
Nero (Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, wavukiye ari Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; ku wa 15 Ukuboza AD 37 – ku wa 9 Kamena AD 68) yari umwami w’abami w’Abaroma kuva AD 54 kugeza yihitanye mu mwaka wa AD 68, akaba ari we wari uwa nyuma mu ngoma y’umuryango wa Julio-Claudian.

Nero yavukiye i Antium mu mwaka wa AD 37, ari umuhungu wa Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus na Agrippina Umuto (wari umwuzukuruza w’Umwami w’Abami Augustus). Nero yari afite imyaka itatu igihe se yapfaga.[1] Igihe Nero yari afite imyaka cumi n’imwe, nyina yashakanye n’Umwami w’Abami Claudius, maze Claudius aramurera ndetse amugira umuragwa we.Claudius amaze gupfa mu mwaka wa AD 54, Nero yabaye umwami w’abami ashyigikiwe n’Ingabo z’Abapraetoriya (Praetorian Guard) na Sena. Mu myaka ya mbere y’ingoma ye, Nero yagirwaga inama kandi akayoborwa na nyina Agrippina, umwarimu we Seneca Umuto, ndetse n’umuyobozi w’Abapraetoriya Sextus Afranius Burrus. Ariko nyuma yashatse kwiyobora ku giti cye no kwikuraho abantu bamubuzaga gukora ibyo ashaka. Intambara y’ubutegetsi hagati ya Nero na nyina yageze ku ndunduro igihe Nero yategekaga ko nyina yicwa. Inyandiko z’Abaroma kandi zishinja Nero kugira uruhare mu rupfu rw’umugore we Claudia Octavia bivugwa ko yashakaga kumwica kugira ngo ashobore gushyingiranwa na Poppaea Sabina—ndetse no mu rupfu rwa murumuna we w’umubyara Britannicus.

Mu bijyanye n’imiyoborere ya Roma, uruhare rwa Nero rwibanze cyane ku mubano w’ibihugu, ubucuruzi n’umuco. Yategetse ko hubakwa amakinamico manini n’ahaberaga imikino, anateza imbere amarushanwa ya siporo n’andi marushanwa. Yagaragaraga imbere y’abantu ari umukinnyi w’amakinamico, umusizi, umucuranzi ndetse n’umukinnyi w’amagare y’amafarasi. Ibyo byateye ipfunwe bamwe mu banyacyubahiro b’Abaroma, kuko iyo mirimo ubusanzwe yakorwaga n’abacakara, abakina imyidagaduro mu ruhame, cyangwa abantu babonwaga nk’abatagira agaciro muri sosiyete. Ariko iyo myidagaduro yatumye Nero akundwa n’abaturage bo mu byiciro byo hasi. Amafaranga yakoreshejwe muri iyo myidagaduro yatangwaga n’abayobozi bo mu turere dutandukanye cyangwa akishyurwa binyuze mu misoro, ibintu byarakaje cyane abanyacyubahiro b’Abaroma.

Mu gihe cy’ingoma ya Nero, umusirikare mukuru Corbulo yarwanye intambara hagati y’Abaroma n’Abaparitiya kuva AD 58 kugeza AD 63, maze agirana amahoro n’Ubwami bwa Parthia bwari busanzwe butavuga rumwe n’Abaroma. Umusirikare mukuru w’Abaroma Suetonius Paulinus yahosheje ubwigomeke bukomeye bwabereye i Britannia buyobowe n’umwamikazi Boudica. Ubwami bwa Bosporus bwaje kumara igihe gito bwigarurirwa n’Ubwami bw’Abaroma, naho Intambara ya Mbere y’Abayahudi n’Abaroma iratangira. Igihe umusenateri witwaga Vindex yigometse kuri Nero, ashyigikiwe na Galba waje kuba umwami w’abami, Nero yatangajwe nk’umwanzi w’igihugu maze acirwa urwo gupfa adahari. Yahise ahunga Roma, maze ku wa 9 Kamena AD 68 yihitana. Urupfu rwe rwakurikiwe n’intambara y’abenegihugu yamaze igihe gito izwi nka '''Umwaka w’Abami Bane''' (Year of the Four Emperors).

Inyandiko nyinshi z’Abaroma zigaragaza Nero mu buryo bubi cyane, haba ku mico ye ndetse no ku ngoma ye. Inyandiko nyinshi zanditswe mu gihe cye cyangwa nyuma yaho gato zimugaragaza nk’umutegetsi w’umunyagitugu, wikunda kandi w’ikirara. Umuhanga mu mateka Tacitus avuga ko abaturage b’Abaroma bamubonaga nk’umuntu ukabya kandi w’umuhemu. Suetonius avuga ko Abanyaroma benshi bizeraga ko '''Umuriro Mukuru wa Roma''' watangijwe na Nero kugira ngo asenye amazu yari aho maze ahubake inzu ye nini yitwaga '''Golden House (Domus Aurea)'''. Tacitus avuga ko Nero yafashe Abakirisitu akabagira ibitambo byo gushinja uwo muriro, akabategeka gutwikwa ari bazima, kandi ko yabikoraga ahanini kubera ubugome bwe bwite aho kuba ubutabera rusange.

Ariko bamwe mu bahanga b’iki gihe bashidikanya ku kuri kwuzuye kw’inyandiko za kera zivuga ibikorwa by’ubugome bwa Nero, cyane cyane bitewe n’uko yari agifite abakunzi benshi mu baturage basanzwe b’Abaroma. Mu ntara zo mu burasirazuba bw’Ubwami bw’Abaroma, havutse umugani uvuga ko Nero atapfuye kandi ko yari kuzagaruka. Nyuma y’urupfu rwe, nibura abayobozi batatu b’ubwigomeke bwamaze igihe gito kandi bukananirwa, biyise '''“Nero wagarutse” (Nero reborn)''' kugira ngo babone inkunga y’abaturage.</text>
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