ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ satwiki https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.21 first-letter ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ TimedText TimedText talk ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ Event Event talk 10 3774 189601 44750 2026-03-26T12:16:05Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 189601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ᱪᱤᱱ | flag alias = Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg | flag alias-1862 = Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1862-1889).svg | border-1862 = | flag alias-1889 = Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg | flag alias-Qing = Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg | flag alias-1912 = Flag of China (1912–1928).svg | flag alias-1928 = Flag of the Republic of China.svg | flag alias-military = People's Liberation Army Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg | link alias-military = People's Liberation Army | flag alias-coast guard=Flag of China.svg | link alias-coast guard=China Coast Guard | flag alias-army = Ground Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg | link alias-army = People's Liberation Army Ground Force | flag alias-marines=Naval Ensign of China.svg | link alias-marines=People's Liberation Army Navy Marine Corps | flag alias-navy = Naval Ensign of China.svg | link alias-navy = People's Liberation Army Navy | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of China.svg | link alias-naval = People's Liberation Army Navy | flag alias-air force = Air Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg | link alias-air force = People's Liberation Army Air Force | name alias-football = China PR | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1862 | var2 = 1889 | var3 = 1912 | var4 = 1928 | redir1 = CHN | redir2 = People's Republic of China | redir3 = China, People's Republic of | redir4 = China (People's Republic of) | redir5 = PRC | related1 = Qing dynasty | related2 = Republic of China | related3 = Republic of China (1912–1949) </noinclude> }} 61yzh2jbmq3l4o2wmaxz7rb3hrir1hp 10 4494 189607 189579 2026-03-26T12:40:06Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 189607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ | shortname alias = {{{shortname alias|ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ}}} | flag alias = Flag of Myanmar.svg | flag alias-1937 = British Burma 1937 flag.svg | flag alias-1943 = Flag of the State of Burma (1943-45).svg | flag alias-1948 = Flag of Burma (1948–1974).svg | flag alias-1974 = Flag of Myanmar (1974–2010).svg | flag alias-military=Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces.svg | link alias-military=Tatmadaw | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Myanmar.svg | link alias-air force = ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ | flag alias-army = Army Flag of Myanmar.svg | flag alias-air force = Air Force Ensign of Myanmar.svg | link alias-army = Myanmar Army | link alias-naval = ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤ | flag alias-coast guard = Flag of the Myanmar Police Force.svg | link alias-coast guard = Myanmar Police Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1937 | var2 = 1943 | var3 = 1948 | var4 = 1974 | related1 = ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟ | related2 = British Burma | related3 = Konbaung Dynasty </noinclude> }} ry8iftdulm9hvnl102jjg4zf6oy8q7d 10 11731 189605 59456 2026-03-26T12:37:11Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 189605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ | flag alias = Flag of Vietnam.svg | flag alias-1863 = Royal Flag of Vietnam (1802–1885).svg | flag alias-1885 = Flag of Central Vietnam (1885-1890).svg | flag alias-1890 = Standard of the Nguyen Dynasty (1890 - 1920).svg | flag alias-1920 = First flag of the Nguyen Dynasty.svg | flag alias-1945 = Flag of the Empire of Vietnam (1945).svg | flag alias-1945a = Flag of North Vietnam (1945-1955).svg | link alias-naval = Vietnam People's Navy | flag alias-navy=Ensign of Vietnam People's Navy.svg | link alias-navy=Vietnam People's Navy | flag alias-army = Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam.svg | link alias-army = Vietnam People's Ground Force | flag alias-military = Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam.svg | link alias-military=People's Army of Vietnam | flag alias-air force = Flag of the Vietnam People's Air Force.svg | link alias-air force = Vietnam People's Air Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1863 | var2 = 1885 | var3 = 1890 | var4 = 1920 | var5 = 1945 | var6 = 1945a | redir1 = VNM | redir2 = VIE | redir3 = Viet Nam | related1 = South Vietnam | related2 = North Vietnam </noinclude> }} c8kg272jppwj0t5ylob9lhsqdjasjjz 10 11880 189606 78319 2026-03-26T12:39:07Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 189606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ | shortname alias = {{{shortname alias|ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱟᱱᱰ}}} | flag alias = Flag of Thailand.svg | flag alias-1767 = Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg | flag alias-1782 = Flag of Thailand (1782).svg | flag alias-1817 = Flag of Thailand (1817).svg | flag alias-1855 = Flag of Thailand 1855.svg | flag alias-1893 = State Flag of Thailand (1916).svg | flag alias-1916 = Flag of Siam (1916).svg | flag alias-marines=Flag Commander of the Royal Thai Marine Corps.svg | link alias-marines=Royal Thai Marine Corps | border-marines= | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Thailand.svg | link alias-naval = ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤ | flag alias-navy = Flag of the Royal Thai Navy.svg | link alias-navy = Royal Thai Navy | flag alias-military=Flag of the Royal Thai Armed Forces HQ.svg | link alias-military=Royal Thai Armed Forces | flag alias-air force = Flag of the Royal Thai Air Force.svg | link alias-air force = ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ | flag alias-army= Flag of the Royal Thai Army.svg | link alias-army=ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1767 | var2 = 1782 | var3 = 1817 | var4 = 1855 | var5 = 1893 | var6 = 1916 | redir1 = THA | related1 = Siam </noinclude> }} dkicjmjtf89idq3j2ub01o92jscq42b 10 11901 189604 59816 2026-03-26T12:35:49Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 189604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ᱞᱟᱣᱚᱥ | flag alias = Flag of Laos.svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of French Laos.svg | flag alias-1952 = Flag of Laos (1952-1975).svg | link alias-naval = Lao People's Navy | link alias-army = Lao People's Army | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = colonial | var2 = 1952 | redir1 = LAO </noinclude> }} jx9k53vl59zr7vcujzhd5qdb644w2hf 10 16398 189603 78317 2026-03-26T12:34:20Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 Removed redirect to [[ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Country data ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]] 189603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ | shortname alias = {{{shortname alias|Myanmar}}} | flag alias = Flag of Myanmar.svg | flag alias-1937 = British Burma 1937 flag.svg | flag alias-1943 = Flag of the State of Burma (1943-45).svg | flag alias-1948 = Flag of Burma (1948–1974).svg | flag alias-1974 = Flag of Myanmar (1974–2010).svg | flag alias-military=Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces.svg | link alias-military=Tatmadaw | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Myanmar.svg | link alias-air force = ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ | flag alias-army = Army Flag of Myanmar.svg | flag alias-air force = Air Force Ensign of Myanmar.svg | link alias-army = Myanmar Army | link alias-naval = ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤ | flag alias-coast guard = Flag of the Myanmar Police Force.svg | link alias-coast guard = Myanmar Police Force | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1937 | var2 = 1943 | var3 = 1948 | var4 = 1974 | related1 = ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟ | related2 = British Burma | related3 = Konbaung Dynasty </noinclude> }} eor0uuivtl4k96lf1sa1auaxq9yi73f 189608 189603 2026-03-26T12:40:45Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/189603|189603]] by [[Special:Contributions/ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ|ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ]] ([[User talk:ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ|talk]]) 189608 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Country data ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]] rg0o1br001lvjh0x100dpglu3168ut7 0 28304 189610 153658 2026-03-26T13:00:37Z CommonsDelinker 91 Removing [[:c:File:Mumbai_Airport_Aerial_View.png|Mumbai_Airport_Aerial_View.png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Wdwd|Wdwd]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by User:Anonymous8010|]]. 189610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ | image = Mumbai Airport Logo.svg | image-width = 300px | image2 = | image2-width = 300px | IATA = BOM | ICAO = VABB | type = ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹ | owner = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF INDIAN AIRPORTS |url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/basic_page_files/list%20of%20airport%20bilingual.pdf }}</ref> | operator = ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ (MIAL) {{smalldiv| *[[ᱟᱰᱟᱱᱤ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱡᱮᱡᱽ]] (74%) *[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] (26%) }} | city-served = [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] | location = [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | opened = ᱑᱙᱔᱒ | hub = {{ubl| | {{nowrap|[[ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]]}} | {{nowrap|[[ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱟᱨᱟ]]}} | {{nowrap|[[ᱟᱠᱟᱥᱟ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ]]}} }} | focus_city = {{ubl| | {{nowrap|[[ᱵᱞᱩ ᱰᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]}} | {{nowrap|[[ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱠᱥ ᱮᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]}} }} | operating_base = {{ubl| | {{nowrap|[[ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]}} | {{nowrap|[[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱜᱳ]]}} | {{nowrap|[[ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱥᱡᱮᱴ]]}} }} | elevation-f = ᱓᱗ | elevation-m = ᱑᱑ | metric-elev = ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ | coordinates = {{coord|19|05|19|N|72|52|05|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|csmia.adaniairports.com}} | pushpin_map = India | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_label = '''BOM''' | r1-number = ᱑᱔/᱓᱒ | r1-length-f = ᱙,᱕᱙᱖ | r1-length-m = ᱒,᱙᱒᱕ | r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]] | metric-rwy = ᱣᱟᱭᱤ | stat1-header = ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ | stat1-data = ᱕᱒,᱘᱒᱐,᱗᱕᱔ ({{increase}} 20.2%) | stat-year = ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ – ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱔<!--Do not remove or change these sources, doing so will cause serious confict with other sources.--> | r2-number = ᱐᱙/᱒᱗ | r2-length-f = ᱑᱑,᱓᱐᱒ | r2-length-m = ᱓,᱔᱔᱕ | r2-surface = Asphalt | stat2-header = Aircraft movements | stat2-data = ᱓᱒᱔,᱙᱘᱖ ({{increase}} 11.9%) | stat3-header = Cargo tonnage | stat3-data = ᱘᱒᱒,᱙᱖᱓ ({{increase}} 5.9%) | footnotes = Source: [[Airports Authority of India|AAI]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k24Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=20 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k24Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=20 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k24Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=20 April 2024}}</ref> }} '''ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ''' (IATA: BOM, ICAO: VABB) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] (MMR) ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓-᱒᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Annual Airport Traffic Report">{{Cite book|url=https://www.panynj.gov/content/dam/airports/statistics/statistics-general-info/annual-atr/ATR2019.pdf|title=2019 Annual Airport Traffic Report|publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.|year=2020|location=United States}}</ref> ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ (MIAL) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱰᱟᱱᱤ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱰᱟᱱᱤ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=13 July 2021 |title=Adani Group takes over Mumbai airport |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/adani-group-takes-over-mumbai-airport/articleshow/84380085.cms |access-date=14 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱟᱨᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱦᱟᱭᱣᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱤᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱞᱤᱵᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=GVK CSIA Project |url=http://www.gvk.com/ourbusiness/airports/csiamumbai.aspx |access-date=21 September 2012 |publisher=GVK Industries Ltd.}}</ref> ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱱᱥᱴᱚᱯ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="BS1">{{cite news |date=13 February 2014 |title=Sahar elevated corridor: Five minute 'short-cut' to airport from Western Express High now open to public |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/mumbai-airport-t2-to-open-for-passengers-on-feb-12-114011001127_1.html |access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref> ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱟᱡᱤ (᱑᱖᱓᱐-᱑᱖᱘᱐) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ "ᱥᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ "ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ" (ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ "ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ" ᱒᱐᱑᱘<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mumbai-airport-chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-international-airport-5333252/|title=Mumbai airport renamed as Chhatrapati Shivaji 'Maharaj' International Airport|work=The Indian Express|access-date=12 January 2019|date=30 August 2018}}</ref> ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱓᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱮ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟ ᱠᱨᱩᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<!-- Passenger and Relevant Air Traffic Data has been moved to a dedicated section, keeping the introduction short and brief. --> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱟᱨ.ᱮ.ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟ ᱠᱨᱩᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/communication.html |title=Maharashtra State Gazetteers – Greater Bombay District |publisher=Cultural.maharashtra.gov.in |access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱦᱩ ᱮᱭᱨᱳᱰᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ.ᱮ.ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱥᱠᱣᱟᱰᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="GAZ">{{cite web|url=http://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/communication.html |title=Transport by Air |publisher= Maharashtra State Gazetteers |year= 1987 |access-date=5 March 2012}}</ref> ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱮᱠᱚᱨ (᱖᱑᱐ ᱦᱮᱠᱴᱟᱨ) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱᱣᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="GAZ">{{cite web|url=http://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/communication.html |title=Transport by Air |publisher= Maharashtra State Gazetteers |year= 1987 |access-date=5 March 2012}}</ref> ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱱᱣᱮ ᱐᱙/᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ "ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ" ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, [[ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱣᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱢᱮᱨ ᱮᱵᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱨᱟᱞ ᱮᱵᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱸᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱔᱙.᱘ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱳ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱨᱟᱱᱣᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ [[ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱴᱣᱤᱠ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱱᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱴᱣᱤᱠ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱱᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="LGA">{{cite news |author=Manju, V. |date=13 May 2017 |title=Now, Mumbai world's busiest airport with only one runway |newspaper=The Times of India |agency=TNN |location=Mumbai |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/now-mumbai-worlds-busiest-airport-with-only-one-runway/articleshow/58652790.cms |access-date=13 May 2017}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱙ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱐᱐᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱐᱐᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |date=20 September 2014 |title=Mumbai ATC handles a about 50 flights an hour |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mumbai-ATC-handles-a-record-51-flights-an-hour/articleshow/43022431.cms |access-date=29 September 2014}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱔᱕.᱘᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱡᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ. ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱗.᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Leading airports across India in financial year 2020, by number of passengers handled(in millions) |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/589115/indian-airports-passenger-traffic/ |access-date=27 January 2021 |website=statista}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱓-᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱕᱒.᱘ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="AAI3"/> ==ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ== ᱡᱤ.ᱵᱷᱤ.ᱠᱮ. ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱡᱽ, ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱯᱳᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱰᱣᱮᱥᱴ<ref name="Bidvest.co.za">{{cite web |title=Bidvest.co.za |url=http://www.bidvest.co.za/ |access-date=24 August 2010 |publisher=Bidvest.co.za}}</ref> ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱰ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ (MIAL), ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ (᱗᱔%) ᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (᱒᱖%) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gvk.com/ourbusiness/airports/csiamumbai.aspx |title=GVK website, CSIA |publisher=gvk.com |access-date=19 January 2012}}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, MIAL ᱫᱚ CSMIA ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ, ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱡᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱳᱢᱮᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ 1A ᱟᱨ 1B, ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ 2B ᱟᱨ 2C ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱰᱳᱢᱮᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ 1C ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ T2 ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ MIAL ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱤᱣᱮ, ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱᱣᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="APAO">{{cite web |date=24 June 2012 |title=Mumbai International Airport Limited – MIAL |url=http://www.apaoindia.com/?page_id=164 |access-date=4 May 2016 |publisher=Association of Private Airport Operators}}</ref> ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ, MIAL ᱫᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱤᱴᱤᱥᱯᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ SITA ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ CSIA ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ-ᱭᱩᱡᱷ ᱥᱮᱞᱯᱷ-ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱥᱠ ᱟᱨ CUTE (''ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱭᱩᱡᱽ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱠᱣᱤᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ'') ᱪᱮᱠ-ᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://csia.in/Sita-Mial.asp |title=CSIA.in |publisher=CSIA.in |date=8 February 2008 |access-date=24 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622054352/http://www.csia.in/Sita-Mial.asp |archive-date=22 June 2009 }}</ref> ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱰᱟᱱᱤ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱰᱟᱱᱤ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱮᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ MIAL ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱵᱤᱠᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱰᱵᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱔% ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|last=Thomas|first=Tanya|date=1 September 2020|title=Adani to acquire Mumbai airport|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/adani-to-acquire-mumbai-airport-11598920714672.html|access-date=1 September 2020|work=Livemint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Gandhi|first=Forum|title=Adani takes over MIAL, Navi Mumbai airports after a 2-year tussle with GVK|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/gvk-in-deal-with-adani-group-for-mumbai-international-airport/article32484211.ece|access-date=1 September 2020|work=@businessline|language=en}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{Commons category|ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ}} {{Wikivoyage}} * {{Official website|https://csmia.adaniairports.com}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ]] i24xqyh0r3zzf07751lwiu40xiemzxn 0 35239 189612 189593 2026-03-27T11:48:40Z Sunia Marndi 8165 /* ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ */ 189612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ}}{{Infobox ethnic group|group=ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ (Karen)|image=A Karen woman.jpg|image_caption=ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ, ᱑᱙᱑᱒|total=|total_ref=|region1={{flag|Myanmar}}|pop1=᱓,᱓᱗᱑,᱑᱐᱐|ref1=<ref name="ispmyanmar"/>|region2={{flag|Thailand}}|pop2=᱓᱕᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱐᱐)|ref2=<ref name="CERD/C/THA/1-3">{{cite book|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention: Thailand|date=28 July 2011}}</ref>|region3={{flag|United States}}|pop3=[[Karen Americans|᱒᱑᱕,᱐᱐᱐]]|ref3=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/minnesota/articles/2019-08-31/jobs-housing-lure-karen-refugees-to-spread-across-minnesota%3Fcontext%3Damp|title=Jobs and housing lure karen refugees to spread across minnesota}}</ref>|region4={{flag|Australia}}|pop4=᱑᱓,᱑᱑᱓|ref4=<ref>{{cite web|title=SBS Australian Census Explorer |url= https://www.sbs.com.au/census-explorer-2021/index.html?languages=karen&topic=cultural-diversity&lang=en }}</ref>|region5={{flag|Canada}}|pop5=᱖,᱐᱕᱐|ref5=<ref name="2021 census">{{cite web |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm }}</ref>|region6={{flag|India}} ([[Andaman Islands|ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ]])|pop6=᱒,᱕᱐᱐|ref6=<ref name="Maiti" />|rels=[[Theravada Buddhism|ᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]], [[Christianity|ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]], ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭ ᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ, [[Telakhon|ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱠᱷᱳᱱ]], [[Burmese folk religion|ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]|langs=[[Karen languages|ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[S'gaw Karen language|ᱥᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ]], [[Pwo Karen languages|ᱯᱳ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ]], [[Red Karen language|ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱱᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[Pa'O language|ᱯᱟ-ᱳ]]|related=|native_name=|native_name_lang=}} '''ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ''' ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ-ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ, ᱤᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱵᱟᱥᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱖.᱖᱙% ᱾<ref name="ispmyanmar" /> ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref name=":2" /> [[ᱨᱮᱫ:Karen_traditional_costume.jpg|thumb|ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱮ]] ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ, ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="cheesman" /> ᱑᱙᱔᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱣᱛᱷᱩᱞᱮᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱨᱮᱞ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ == ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ == ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ '''ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ,''' ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ '''ᱠᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱝ''' ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ '''ᱭᱟᱝ''' ᱾<ref name=":3">{{Citation|last=Buadaeng|first=Kwanchewan|title=4. Ethnic Identities of the Karen Peoples in Burma and Thailand|date=2022|work=Identity Matters}}</ref> "ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ "ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="cheesman" /> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ 'ᱠᱟᱱᱭᱟᱱ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱳᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ: 'ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ' , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱳ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ "ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱵᱟᱥᱤᱱᱫᱟ" ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱨ 'ᱵᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ' , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref name="harriden">{{cite journal|last=Harriden|first=Jessica|year=2002|title=Making a Name for Themselves: Karen Identity and Politicization of Ethnicity in Burma|journal=Journal of Burma Studies}}</ref> ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ "ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ "ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ" ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Composition of the Different Ethnic Groups|url=http://www.embassyofmyanmar.be/ABOUT/ethnicgroups.htm}}</ref> * ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ (ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ) * ᱥᱜᱟᱣ (ᱥᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ) * ᱯᱳ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ (ᱯᱳ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ) * ᱜᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ (ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩ) * ᱯᱟ-ᱞᱮ-ᱪᱤ, ᱯᱟᱞᱮ ᱢᱳᱵᱽᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ * ᱢᱳᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ (ᱥᱟᱨᱯᱤᱭᱩ) * ᱛᱟ-ᱞᱟᱭ-ᱯᱣᱟ,ᱯᱟᱞᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱞᱮᱵᱽᱣᱟ * ᱵᱽᱣᱮ (ᱵᱽᱣᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ) * ᱢᱳᱱᱱᱮᱯᱣᱟ * ᱢᱳᱱᱯᱣᱟ * ᱯᱟᱠᱩ == ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ == [[ᱨᱮᱫ:MyanmarKayin.png|right|frame|ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Kayin State|ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]]] [[ᱨᱮᱫ:Thai_Earplug_5.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ]] [[ᱨᱮᱫ:Karen_house_entrance.JPG|thumb|ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ]] ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myanmar.com/people/kayin.html|title=Kayin|publisher=Myanmar.com}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ), ᱠᱟᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱮᱭᱮᱭᱟᱨᱣᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱱᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱵᱟᱜᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ-ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱠᱳᱵᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|title=Worldmark encyclopedia of cultures and daily life|publisher=Gale|isbn=978-1-4144-4882-4}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱗᱐ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ) ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ-ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱠᱟᱱᱰᱤᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱖᱗,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book|last1=Thawnghmung|first1=Ardeth Maung|title=The "Other" Karen in Myanmar: Ethnic Minorities and the Struggle without Arms|page=84}}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == === ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ === ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ "ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱵᱤ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱵᱤ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱳ-ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal|last=Zhang|display-authors=etal|year=2019|title=Phylogenetic evidence for Sino-Tibetan origin in northern China in the Late Neolithic|journal=Nature}}</ref> ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱱᱩᱠ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱱᱩᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱩᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱦᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘᱐᱐ ᱥᱤᱹᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book|last1=Richard M. Cooler|title=The Karen Bronze Drums of Burma|year=1995|page=26}}</ref> == ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ == ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱳ-ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱥᱜᱟᱣ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱳ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱳ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stedt.berkeley.edu/html/STfamily.html|title=The Sino-Tibetan Language Family}}</ref> ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱛᱟ-ᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟ-ᱠᱚᱨᱢᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱛᱟ-ᱠᱚᱨᱢᱚ-ᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱳᱱ-ᱠᱷᱚᱢᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal|last=Matisoff|first=James A.|title=Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Present State and Future Prospects}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱳᱱ-ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾ == ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ == [[ᱨᱮᱫ:Buddhist_Karen_in_Yangon.JPG|thumb|ᱭᱟᱝᱜᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱛᱟᱛᱡᱤ ᱯᱮᱜᱳᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ (ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱑᱕-᱓᱐ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ (%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref name="kbddf">{{cite web|title=The Karen People|website=Karen Culture and Social Support Foundation}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/karen/|title=Karen|website=Minority Rights Group}}</ref> ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱳ-ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱜᱟᱣ-ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾ === ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ === [[ᱨᱮᱫ:Omens_in_the_Sun.jpg|thumb|᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱛᱚᱞ (manuscript), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]] ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ '''ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ''' ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱟ (ᱡᱤᱣᱤ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="kbddf" /> ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ 'ᱠᱚᱞᱟ' ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱠᱤᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ 'ᱠᱚᱞᱟ' ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Keenan" /> === ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ === ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱖᱕% ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref name="hayami">{{cite journal|last=Hayami|first=Yoko|year=2011|title=Pagodas and Prophets: Contesting Sacred Space and Power among Buddhist Karen in Karen State|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies}}</ref> ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ [[Mon people|ᱢᱳᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, [[Mon State|ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[Yangon|ᱭᱟᱝᱜᱩᱱ]], [[Bago Region|ᱵᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱟᱨ [[Tanintharyi Region|ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱱᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱢᱚᱴᱷ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Merit (Buddhism)|ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱚ]] ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/KirstenEA-Karen%20Buddhism.htm|title=Elements of Pwo Karen Buddhism|last=Andersen|first=Kirsten Ewers}}</ref> ᱑᱗᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱯᱳ-ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[Mount Zwegabin|ᱡᱣᱮᱜᱟᱵᱤᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱭᱮᱫᱟᱜᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱴᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="hayami" /> ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱠᱷᱳᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="hayami" /> ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱠᱷᱳᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ, ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ [[Maitreya|ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱨᱮᱭᱚ]] ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ-ᱢᱤᱥᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="hayami" /> [[ᱨᱮᱫ:402935_4329556404986_108484308_n1.jpg|thumb|ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ]] ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱫᱷᱚᱢᱢᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤᱠ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱮᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ) ᱢᱚᱴᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ === ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ === [[ᱨᱮᱫ:JudsonChurch.JPG|thumb|[[Adoniram Judson|ᱡᱟᱰᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]] ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱑᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐% ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ<ref name=":0" /> ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱐ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=Karen people|url=http://www.karen.org.au/karen_people.htm}}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="auto" /> [[Tha Byu|ᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱭᱩ]],ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱒᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱰ [[George Boardman (missionary)|ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱵᱳᱨᱰᱢᱮᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ [[Baptism|ᱵᱟᱯᱛᱤᱥᱢᱟ]] ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱚᱞᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱮᱥᱴᱟᱱᱴ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱮᱥᱴᱟᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱᱛᱷ-ᱰᱮ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://karenadventistchurch.org//|title=Karen Seventh-day Adventist Church Website}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ "ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ" ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ [[Bible|ᱵᱟᱭᱵᱮᱞ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kaloyanides|first1=Alexandra|title=Baptizing Burma: Religious Change in the Last Buddhist Kingdom|year=2023|page=24}}</ref> '''ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ''' (KBC) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[Yangon|ᱭᱟᱝᱜᱩᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ KBC ᱫᱚ ᱭᱟᱝᱜᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱮᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱭᱟᱝᱜᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱦᱞᱳᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pkts.org|title=Pwo karen Theological Seminary}}</ref> ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Chiang Mai|ᱪᱤᱭᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱᱛᱷ-ᱰᱮ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱨᱟ ᱠᱮᱢᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱠ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱰᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱾ == ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ (Culture) == [[ᱨᱮᱫ:Kayin_dance(don_dance).jpg|thumb|ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱰᱳᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ (don dance) ᱫᱚᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[Crop rotation|ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱥ]] (Crop rotation) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ekachai|first1=Sanitsuda|title=Karen fight to keep farms in parks conflict|work=Bangkok Post}}</ref> '''ᱰᱳᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ''' (don dance) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ "ᱰᱳᱱ" (Don) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ" ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ "ᱰᱳᱱ ᱠᱳ" (Don Koh) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱳᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ (Pwo Karen) ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=Arts|website=www.mnkaren.org|publisher=Karen Organization of Minnesota}}</ref> [[ᱨᱮᱫ:Traditional_musical_instruments_of_Myanmar.jpg|thumb|ᱱᱮᱭᱯᱤᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[National Museum of Myanmar (Naypyidaw)|ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ]] '''ᱥᱮ ᱠᱞᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ''' (sae klee dance) ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱟᱫ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ''' (bamboo dance) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ (Christmas) ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱠ (check) ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱞᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|title=World Refugee Day – a time to celebrate|work=San Diego Union-Tribune}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == {{refbegin}} * Marshall, Harry Ignatius (1922). ''The Karen People of Burma''. White Lotus. * Phan, Zoya (2009). ''Little Daughter: a Memoir of Survival in Burma and the West''. Simon & Schuster. * Thawngmung, Ardeth Maung (2012). ''The 'Other' Karen in Myanmar''. Lexington Books. {{refend}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons category}} * [https://karenwomen.org ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ (Karen Women's Organization)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzA942H0adE ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱰᱳᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ (YouTube)] {{Ethnic groups in Myanmar}}{{Ethnic groups in Thailand}} 4i3yvpywu5p9ueh5qvvgwyzu0vap3dq 0 35242 189602 2026-03-26T12:23:38Z MT731 2184 "{{Infobox settlement | name = ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱩᱴ | settlement_type = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.762167|N|88.418532|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{fla..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 189602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱩᱴ | settlement_type = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.762167|N|88.418532|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | unit_pref = Metric | area_total_km2 = 1.4812 | population_total = 9,184 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱔᱐᱐᱓ | area_code_type = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ/ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱓᱕᱓ | registration_plate = WB | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱟᱴᱤᱜᱟᱲᱟ-ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱟᱴᱤᱜᱟᱲᱟ-ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ]] | website = {{URL|darjeeling.gov.in/}} }} '''ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱩᱴ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱴᱤᱜᱟᱲᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱟᱴᱤᱜᱟᱲᱟ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ {{coord|26.762167|N|88.418532|E|display=inline}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱕᱕.᱑᱑% ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱔.᱘᱙% ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱪᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Page 13: Physiography| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 29 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Pages 15-17: Drainage| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 29 March 2020}}</ref> <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱸᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱙,᱑᱘᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔,᱗᱖᱕ (᱕᱒%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔,᱔᱑᱙ (᱔᱘%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱑᱐᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖,᱓᱒᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱖᱘.᱙᱑% ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 25 March 2020 }}</ref> ==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ== ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ'', ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱔᱘᱑᱒ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱑᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱦᱮᱰ ᱴᱮᱝᱠ, ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱗᱙᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ/ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱚᱯᱚᱨᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱡᱟᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 419-422: Statement I: Status and Growth History, Pages 423; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 424-425; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 426-427; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 428-430 Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 431: Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 25 March 2020}}</ref> ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ᱟᱢᱤᱭᱳ ᱯᱟᱞᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱨᱤ ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.icbse.com/schools/amiyo-pal-choudhury-smriti-vid-qnwwgw | title =Amiyo Palchoudhury Smriti Vid High School | publisher = ICBSE |access-date = 25 March 2020}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] s0wxk285y75ds7pm9fdj2ttd7f6efod 10 35243 189609 2026-03-26T12:45:47Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 "{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ᱟᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱚᱴᱤᱠᱟ | flag alias = Blank flag.svg |border = | flag alias-True South = True South Antarctic Flag.svg | flag alias-ats = Flag of the Antarctic Treaty.svg | flag alias-Bartram = Proposed flag of Antarctica (Graham Bartram).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 189609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ᱟᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱚᱴᱤᱠᱟ | flag alias = Blank flag.svg |border = | flag alias-True South = True South Antarctic Flag.svg | flag alias-ats = Flag of the Antarctic Treaty.svg | flag alias-Bartram = Proposed flag of Antarctica (Graham Bartram).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = True South | var2 = ats | var3 = Bartram | redir1 = ATA </noinclude> }} cvmu416nq80bhj6xtjavw6onw94mw3n 10 35244 189611 2026-03-27T07:20:58Z ~2026-18823-38 10854 "{{Tmbox |type=notice |imageright=[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|80px]] |textstyle="border: 1px solid #fceb92; background-color: #fdffe7; padding: 10px;" color: #346733; font-weight:bold;" |text=<center><big>ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱡᱽᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱳᱠᱞᱳᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖|ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱡᱽᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱳᱠᱞᱳᱨ ᱒᱐..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 189611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tmbox |type=notice |imageright=[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|80px]] |textstyle="border: 1px solid #fceb92; background-color: #fdffe7; padding: 10px;" color: #346733; font-weight:bold;" |text=<center><big>ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ [[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱡᱽᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱳᱠᱞᱳᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖|ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱡᱽᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱳᱠᱞᱳᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖]] ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾</big></center>}} <includeonly>[[Category:ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱡᱽᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱳᱠᱞᱳᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly> 2nj1uuqd9z1oqxi61t7ulqqj1nuywgk