ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ

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    <title>ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ</title>
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      <text bytes="8580" sha1="rj9uxikaa9k94n7vz0opytkfobev6vc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox organization
| name                     = ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ&lt;br/&gt;Adivasi Socio-Educational &amp; Cultural Association
| native_name              = ᱟᱥᱮᱠᱟ&lt;br/&gt;ASECA
| native_name_lang         = sat
| logo                     =
| formation                = ᱑᱙᱕᱓
| formerly                 = ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ
| founder                  = [[ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱮᱛ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ]]
| type                     = [[ᱵᱮ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]]
| headquarters             = ᱨᱟᱭᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ, [[ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| region                   = [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
| services                 = ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ
| website                  = {{URL|aseca.org.in/}}
}}
'''ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ [[ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱮᱛ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ASECA_Main&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=History of ASECA |url=https://www.aseca.org.in/history |website=ASECA Odisha |access-date=2024-05-20 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱟᱥᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱮᱛ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱒᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱕᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱭᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ '''ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ&quot; ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Hembram |first=P.C. |title=Santhali Language and Literature |publisher=Northern Book Centre |year=1988}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1811258.pdf |title=Guru Gomke Pundit Raghunath Murmu: the Inventor of Ol Chiki and the Forerunner of Santali Renaissance |author=Seth |website=Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), Volume 5, Issue 11 |publisher=JETIR |date=November 2018 |access-date=14 February 2026 |first=Nakul |last2=Chandra Karua |first2=Subash}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ:''' ᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱖᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
* '''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ:''' ᱒᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
* '''ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ:''' ᱑᱗ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱖᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
* '''ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ:''' ᱗ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ '''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱟᱥᱮᱠᱟ''' ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱜᱟᱰᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱥ ==
ᱟᱥᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ''ᱢᱟᱰᱣᱟ'' ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://files01.core.ac.uk/download/pdf/13322115.pdf |title=The Impact of Cultural Diversity and Globalization in Developing a Santhal Peer Culture in Middle India |publisher=CORE |access-date=14 February 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱢᱟᱰᱣᱟ ===
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱰᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱟᱢᱚ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ-ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ''' ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ-ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾
=== ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱰᱣᱟ ===
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱰᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:
* ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱞᱟᱵᱟᱥ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ᱾
* ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ᱾
* ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱮᱢ᱾
=== ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱰᱣᱟ ===
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ-ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - '''ᱫᱚᱝ''' ᱟᱨ '''ᱞᱟᱜᱽᱬᱮ''' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ '''ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱟᱭ''' ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾

== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ==
ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ '''ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ''' ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱮᱠᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱙᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=The journey of Ol Chiki |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/the-journey-of-ol-chiki/article24523904.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2018-07-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* [[ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱮᱛ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ]]
* [[ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]]
* [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ]]
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
* [https://www.aseca.org.in/ ᱟᱥᱮᱠᱟ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱕᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>rj9uxikaa9k94n7vz0opytkfobev6vc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱠᱩᱡᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-01T20:01:37Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="65591" sha1="60ncy4lt1gzkjzccerrpvff3tdznf6t" xml:space="preserve">'''ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ''' ᱯᱩᱨᱟ. ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ '''ᱱᱚᱢᱚᱭᱨᱚᱠᱯᱚᱢ ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ : ᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱖᱘) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟ. ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

==ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱵᱳᱨᱳ==

ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱤᱨᱟ.ᱞ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ(1st March 1968) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱠᱟ.ᱭᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱭᱤ ᱞᱮᱭᱠᱟᱭᱤ ᱟ.ᱛᱩᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱥᱤᱱᱥᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱮᱭᱟᱭᱜᱮᱞ ᱤᱨᱟ.ᱞ (1978) ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱺᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫᱚᱜ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱨᱟ.ᱥᱠᱟ. ᱥᱟᱛᱞᱟᱜᱼᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱚ ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ. ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟ.ᱛ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱜᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟ.ᱛ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ (CRPF) ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ.ᱠᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫᱚᱜ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣᱱᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟ.ᱥᱠᱟ. ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ (1996-98) ᱫᱷᱟ.ᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱟ.ᱜᱩᱣᱟ.ᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

==ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==

᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟ.ᱛᱤᱭᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ (Gold Medal) ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱔kg,᱔᱖kg ᱟᱨ ᱔᱘ kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱔᱘kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟ.ᱫ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱤᱵᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟ.ᱛᱤᱭᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱔᱔kg ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱔᱖kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Gold Medal) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱞᱮᱱ ᱔᱘ kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Silver Medal) ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱸᱜᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱪᱮᱥᱴᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱠᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱲᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. (Gold medal ) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Silver Medal) ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱤᱡᱤᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱨᱳᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Bronze Medal) ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱚᱠ ᱮᱥᱤᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ==

{|class = &quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! rowspan=2 width=40|ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
! rowspan=2 width=250|ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ
! rowspan=2 width=60|ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ
!colspan=4| Snatch (kg)
!colspan=4| Clean &amp; Jerk (kg)
!rowspan=2 width=40| Total
!rowspan=2 width=40| Rank
|-
! width=40|1!! width=40|2!! width=40|3!! width=40|Rank!! width=40|1!! width=40|2!! width=40|3!! width=40|Rank
|-
! colspan=13|[[World Weightlifting Championships|World Championships]]
|-
|[[2005 World Weightlifting Championships|᱒᱐᱐᱕]] || align=left|{{flagicon|ᱠᱟᱛ}} [[ᱫᱳᱦᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ]]|| [[2005 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ]] ||᱗᱕||'''᱗᱘'''||&lt;s&gt; 79||᱗||95||98||'''100'''||᱗||'''178.0'''||7
|-

|[[2003 World Weightlifting Championships|᱒᱐᱐᱓]] || align=left|{{flagicon|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ}} [[ᱵᱟᱸᱠᱚᱣᱵᱚᱨ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] || [[2003 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ]] ||᱗᱕||᱗᱗.᱕||'''᱘᱐'''||᱖||97.5||'''102.5'''||&lt;s&gt;105||4||'''182.5'''||5
|-

|[[1999 World Weightlifting Championships|᱑᱙᱙᱙]] || align=left|{{flagicon|ᱜᱨᱤᱥ}} [[ᱱᱯᱤᱨᱟᱣᱚᱥ]], [[ᱜᱨᱤᱥ]] || [[᱑᱙᱙᱙ World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ]] ||'''᱗᱕'''||&lt;s&gt;80||&lt;s&gt;80||᱑᱐||95||100||'''105'''||{{sica}}||'''180'''||5
|}

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}
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http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

http://www.athens2004.com/en/ParticipantsAthletes/newParticipants?pid=9003801

https://web.archive.org/web/20071028023001/http://sportal.nic.in/legenddetails.asp?sno=722&amp;moduleid=&amp;maincatid=48&amp;subid=0&amp;comid=55

http://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/sports/n-kunjarani-devi.html


[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱞᱚᱵᱽᱥ ᱳᱢᱮᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱙]]</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65736" sha1="jzojqm54hlqoh68956obcnjif5nafmr" xml:space="preserve">'''ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ''' ᱯᱩᱨᱟ. ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ '''ᱱᱚᱢᱚᱭᱨᱚᱠᱯᱚᱢ ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ : ᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱖᱘) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟ. ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

==ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱵᱳᱨᱳ==

ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱤᱨᱟ.ᱞ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ(1st March 1968) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱠᱟ.ᱭᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱭᱤ ᱞᱮᱭᱠᱟᱭᱤ ᱟ.ᱛᱩᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱥᱤᱱᱥᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱮᱭᱟᱭᱜᱮᱞ ᱤᱨᱟ.ᱞ (1978) ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱺᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫᱚᱜ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱨᱟ.ᱥᱠᱟ. ᱥᱟᱛᱞᱟᱜᱼᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱚ ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ. ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟ.ᱛ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱜᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟ.ᱛ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ (CRPF) ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ.ᱠᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫᱚᱜ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣᱱᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟ.ᱥᱠᱟ. ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ (1996-98) ᱫᱷᱟ.ᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱟ.ᱜᱩᱣᱟ.ᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

==ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==

᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟ.ᱛᱤᱭᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ (Gold Medal) ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱔kg,᱔᱖kg ᱟᱨ ᱔᱘ kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱔᱘kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟ.ᱫ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱤᱵᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟ.ᱛᱤᱭᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱔᱔kg ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱔᱖kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Gold Medal) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱞᱮᱱ ᱔᱘ kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Silver Medal) ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱸᱜᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱪᱮᱥᱴᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱠᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱲᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. (Gold medal ) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Silver Medal) ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱤᱡᱤᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱨᱳᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Bronze Medal) ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱚᱠ ᱮᱥᱤᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ==

{|class = &quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! rowspan=2 width=40|ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
! rowspan=2 width=250|ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ
! rowspan=2 width=60|ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ
!colspan=4| Snatch (kg)
!colspan=4| Clean &amp; Jerk (kg)
!rowspan=2 width=40| Total
!rowspan=2 width=40| Rank
|-
! width=40|1!! width=40|2!! width=40|3!! width=40|Rank!! width=40|1!! width=40|2!! width=40|3!! width=40|Rank
|-
! colspan=13|[[World Weightlifting Championships|World Championships]]
|-
|[[2005 World Weightlifting Championships|᱒᱐᱐᱕]] || align=left|{{flagicon|ᱠᱟᱛ}} [[ᱫᱳᱦᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ]]|| [[2005 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ]] ||᱗᱕||'''᱗᱘'''||&lt;s&gt; 79||᱗||95||98||'''100'''||᱗||'''178.0'''||7
|-

|[[2003 World Weightlifting Championships|᱒᱐᱐᱓]] || align=left|{{flagicon|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ}} [[ᱵᱟᱸᱠᱚᱣᱵᱚᱨ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] || [[2003 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ]] ||᱗᱕||᱗᱗.᱕||'''᱘᱐'''||᱖||97.5||'''102.5'''||&lt;s&gt;105||4||'''182.5'''||5
|-

|[[1999 World Weightlifting Championships|᱑᱙᱙᱙]] || align=left|{{flagicon|ᱜᱨᱤᱥ}} [[ᱱᱯᱤᱨᱟᱣᱚᱥ]], [[ᱜᱨᱤᱥ]] || [[᱑᱙᱙᱙ World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ]] ||'''᱗᱕'''||&lt;s&gt;80||&lt;s&gt;80||᱑᱐||95||100||'''105'''||{{sica}}||'''180'''||5
|}

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}
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|date=2017-10-19 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2017-10-19 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2017-10-19 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2017-10-19 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2017-10-19 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2017-10-19 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117004138/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2017-11-17 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117004138/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2017-11-17 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117004138/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2017-11-17 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2015-10-15 }}

http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

http://www.athens2004.com/en/ParticipantsAthletes/newParticipants?pid=9003801

https://web.archive.org/web/20071028023001/http://sportal.nic.in/legenddetails.asp?sno=722&amp;moduleid=&amp;maincatid=48&amp;subid=0&amp;comid=55

http://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/sports/n-kunjarani-devi.html


[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱞᱚᱵᱽᱥ ᱳᱢᱮᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱙]]</text>
      <sha1>jzojqm54hlqoh68956obcnjif5nafmr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3452</id>
    <revision>
      <id>191337</id>
      <parentid>104760</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T08:35:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ</username>
        <id>1102</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>191337</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8492" sha1="26yifvls0433hgpx48v2y8rrwsoihng" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ
| native_name                     = &lt;!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --&gt;
| image_flag                      = 
| image_seal                      =
| seal_alt                        = 
| settlement_type                 = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ{{ref|cap|†}}
| image_skyline                   = {{Photomontage
  |photo1a = Palace of Assembly Chandigarh 2006.jpg
  |photo2a = Gandhi Bhawan at Punjab University.jpg
  |photo2b = Rock Garden, Chandigarh-statues.jpg
  |photo3a = Open Hand monument, Chandigarh.jpg
  |photo3b = Chandigarh hockey stadium.JPG
  |photo4a = Sukhna Lake Chandigarh.JPG
  |size = 230
  |position = center 
  |spacing = 3
  |color = #FFFFFF
  |border = 0 
  }}
| image_alt                       = 
| image_caption                   = ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ:&lt;br&gt;ᱯᱞᱮᱥ ᱚᱯ ᱮᱥᱮᱢᱵᱞᱤ, ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱚᱠ ᱜᱟᱨᱰᱮᱱ, ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱔᱒ ᱥᱴᱟᱰᱤᱭᱚᱢ, ᱥᱩᱠᱷᱱᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱦᱮᱸᱰ ᱢᱚᱱᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱰᱷᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱚᱱ
| nickname                        = ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ 
| image_map                       = IN-CH.svg
| map_caption                     = ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱰ
| coordinates                     = {{coord|30.75|N|76.78|E|format=dms}}
| subdivision_type                = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ 
| subdivision_name                = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| established_title               = ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ{{ref|cap|††}}&lt;br&gt;ᱜᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ
| established_date                = ᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱖
| founder                         = 
| government_type                 = ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ 
| governing_body                  = 
| leader_title1                   = ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴᱚᱨ
| leader_name1                    = ᱵᱦᱤ. ᱯᱤ. ᱥᱤᱸᱝ ᱵᱟᱫᱱᱚᱨ
| unit_pref                       = Metric
| area_footnotes                  = 
| total_type                      = ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ&lt;!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --&gt;
| area_total_km2                  = ᱑᱑᱔
| area_rank                       = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔ ᱱᱚ. 
| elevation_footnotes             = 
| elevation_m                     = ᱓᱒᱑
| population_rank                 = 
| population_total                = ᱑,᱐᱕᱕,᱔᱕᱐
| population_as_of                = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_footnotes            = &lt;ref name=&quot;CHD1&quot;&gt;https://www.citypopulation.de/India-Chandigarh.html Chandigarh (India): Union Territory &amp; Agglomeration - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_density_sq_mi        = ᱒᱓,᱙᱘᱘
| population_blank1_title         = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ 
| population_blank1               = ᱑,᱖᱑᱑,᱗᱗᱐
| population_blank1_footnotes     = &lt;ref name=Cities1Lakhandabove&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above | publisher=Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India | accessdate=26 March 2012 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archivedate=7 May 2012 | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_metro                = ᱑,᱐᱒᱕,᱖᱘᱒
| population_metro_footnotes      = &lt;ref name=UA1Lakhandabove&gt;{{cite web | url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india2/Million_Plus_UAs_Cities_2011.pdf | title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above | publisher=Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India | accessdate=26 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_demonym              = 
| population_note                 = 
| demographics_type1              = ᱯᱟ.ᱨᱥᱤ
| demographics1_title1            = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ 
| demographics1_info1             = ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱡᱤ
| demographics1_title2            = ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ
| demographics1_info2             = ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ, ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱛᱮ
| timezone1                       = ᱟᱭ. ᱮᱥ. ᱴᱤ
| utc_offset1                     = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code_type                = [[ᱯᱚᱥᱴᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱮᱠᱥ ᱮᱞ|ᱯᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲ]]
| postal_code                     = ᱑᱖᱐XXX
| area_code                       = +᱙᱑-᱑᱗᱒-XXX-XXXX
| area_code_type                  = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱰ
| iso_code                        = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-CH]]
| registration_plate              = '''[[Vehicle registration plates of India|CH-01 to CH-04 &amp; HR-70]] '''
| unemployment_rate               = 
| blank1_name_sec1                = ᱥᱤᱠᱦᱤᱛ
| blank1_info_sec1                = ᱘᱖.᱐᱕%
| website                         = {{URL|chandigarh.gov.in/}}
| leader_title2                   = ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ 
| leader_name2                    = ᱨᱟᱡᱮᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ
| leader_title3                   = ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ 
| leader_name3                    = ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱪ. ᱰᱨᱩᱯᱤᱛ ᱥᱤᱱᱝ
| leader_title4                   = ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ
| leader_name4                    = ᱵᱷᱤᱸᱚᱹ ᱟ.ᱜᱜᱟ.ᱨᱶᱟᱞ
}}

'''ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ, ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱭᱟᱬᱟ) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱚᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ 
ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
{{Sister project links |species=no|n=Chandigarh|wikt=ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ|voy=ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ|q=no |s=no |b=no |v=no}}
; Government
* [http://chandigarh.gov.in/ The Official Website of Chandigarh Administration]

; General information
* {{curlie|Regional/Asia/India/Chandigarh}}
* {{osmrelation-inline|1942809}}

{{Geographic location|Centre    = ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ
|North     = ᱦᱚᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨᱯᱩᱨ, [[ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ]]
|Northeast =
|East      = [[ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱠᱩᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ]]
|Southeast =
|South     = [[ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱠᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ]]
|West      = [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱞᱤ]], [[ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ]]
|Northwest = [[ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱨ, ᱚᱡᱤᱛᱜᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱨ]], [[ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ]]
}}

{{ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ}}
{{ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ}}
{{ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ}}
{{ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ}}
{{ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ)|state=collapsed}}
{{ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱞᱢᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ}}
{{Portalbar|Geography|Asia|India|Punjab}}

{{Authority control}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ| ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|*]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]</text>
      <sha1>26yifvls0433hgpx48v2y8rrwsoihng</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4374</id>
    <revision>
      <id>191325</id>
      <parentid>157521</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T07:27:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Himbeerbläuling</username>
        <id>11004</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱦᱚᱭ ᱫᱟᱜ */ wikisyntax nbsp. ??remove &quot; ᱟᱨ&quot; ??</comment>
      <origin>191325</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16149" sha1="jvwpfkp9rjtfnbt42lq5ztgqkx0j6sw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
| native_name                     = ᱫᱮᱵᱟᱜᱷᱚᱨ
| settlement_type                 = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| total_type                      = ᱜᱩᱴ
| image_map                       = Deoghar in Jharkhand (India).svg
| map_caption                     = ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ
| coordinates                     = 
| coor_pinpoint                   = ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ
| subdivision_type                = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name                = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| subdivision_type2               = ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
| subdivision_name2               = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ]]
| established_title               = ᱜᱩᱴ
| established_date                = ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐
| seat_type                       = ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ
| seat                            = [[ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ]]
| parts_type                      = ᱛᱚᱦᱥᱤᱞ
| parts_style                     = para
| p1                              = 
| area_total_km2                  = 2478.61
| area_footnotes                  = 
| population_as_of                = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_total                = ᱑,᱔᱙᱒,᱐᱗᱓
| population_footnotes            = 
| population_urban                = ᱒᱕᱘,᱓᱖᱑
| population_density_km2          = auto
| demographics_type1              = ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
| demographics1_title1            = ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ
| demographics1_info1             = ᱖᱔.᱘᱕%
| demographics1_title2            = ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ
| demographics1_info2             = ᱙᱒᱕
| leader_title                    = ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱲᱚᱥ
| leader_name                     = ᱠᱟᱢᱞᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱝ IAS
| leader_title1                   = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ|ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]]
| leader_name1                    = ᱑.[[ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ]] (shared with [[ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]) ᱒.[[ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ]] (shared with [[ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]])
| leader_title2                   = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]]
| leader_name2                    = ᱑.[[ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ]], ᱒.[[ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱯᱩᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ|ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱯᱤᱨ]], ᱓.[[ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱴᱷ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱴᱷ]]
| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                     = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| registration_plate              = 
| blank_name_sec1                 = 
| blank_info_sec1                 = 
| blank_name_sec2                 = 
| blank_info_sec2                 = 
| website                         = http://deoghar.nic.in/
| official_name                   = 
| image_skyline                   = Trikut Hills IMG 20150407 171345 11.jpg
| National Place                  = ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ
}}

'''ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱣᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱭᱫᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱡᱭᱚᱛᱤᱨᱞᱤᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ (´ᱫᱮᱣ´) ᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ (ᱜᱷᱟᱨ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ''ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱭᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱢ'', ''ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱢ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
[[File:A View of the Pagodas at Deogar.JPG|left|thumb|ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱜᱚᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱧᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ]]

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱚᱢᱩᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱛᱟᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱟᱢᱛᱟᱲᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ [[ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱥᱟᱨ ᱒᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
0
03' ᱟᱨ 23
0
38' ᱮᱱ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ 86
0
28' ᱟᱨ
87
0
04' ᱤ ᱫᱮᱥᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨ (longitude) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱒᱔᱘᱑&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ. ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ  {{formatnum:1,491,879}}
ᱦᱚᱲ (ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑).

ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱣᱟᱫᱟ ᱪᱮᱴᱮᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱜ (Sediments) ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱱ (Chain) ᱾ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱚᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱯᱞᱮᱸᱰᱥ (uplands) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱣᱥᱚᱛ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱒᱔᱖ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱮᱢᱹᱮᱥᱹᱮᱞᱹ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱡᱟᱨᱤ (ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱡᱚᱨᱤ) (᱗᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱛᱮᱨᱚᱨ (᱖᱗᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱜᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ (᱕᱗᱕ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ) ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤᱡᱠ (Landscape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱟᱨᱥᱟᱛᱟ (monotony) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱬᱜᱚ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱬᱜᱚᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱚᱜᱯᱩᱨ ᱜᱨᱮᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱸᱰᱣᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱸᱨᱪᱟᱱᱟ (Structures) ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱚᱠᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱴᱨᱳ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱭᱱᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱚᱸᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱯᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

===ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ===
ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ, ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱯᱩᱨ, ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱟ, ᱥᱟᱨᱥᱟ ᱠᱩᱥᱢᱟᱦᱟ, ᱢᱟᱡᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤᱫᱩᱞᱩᱢᱯᱩᱨ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱣᱟ, ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱠᱢᱟᱨᱟ, ᱯᱟᱞᱚᱡᱳᱨᱤ, ᱫᱮᱵᱤᱯᱩᱨ, ᱥᱟᱨᱶᱟ, ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱛᱷ, ᱠᱟᱨᱳᱱ, ᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ, ᱨᱚᱦᱱᱤ, ᱵᱟᱵᱟᱱᱜᱟᱩᱣᱟ, ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱞᱟᱥ, ᱡᱟᱥᱤᱰᱤᱦ, ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ, ᱨᱟᱭᱰᱤᱦ, ᱜᱤᱫᱷᱟᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱤᱛᱡᱚᱨᱤ ᱾

===ᱦᱚᱭ ᱫᱟᱜ===
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱭᱠᱷᱮᱠ (ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱯᱩᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱜᱟ (ᱡᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ (ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ) ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱣᱚᱥᱟᱛ ᱑᱒᱓᱙&amp;nbsp;mm, ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱣᱚᱥᱟᱛ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱛᱟᱯᱢᱟᱱ 43 ᱟᱨ&amp;nbsp;° C ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱯᱢᱟᱱ 8&amp;nbsp;° C ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱟᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱨᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱜᱨᱟᱱᱴ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ (BRGF) ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=brgf&gt;{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |accessdate=27 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archivedate=5 April 2012 |df=dmy }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱵᱽ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ==
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ:
(᱑) ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ  (᱒) ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱯᱩᱨ 

ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ:
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: 
[[ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ]], [[ᱠᱟᱨᱳᱱ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱟᱨᱳᱱ]], [[ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱯᱟᱞᱚᱡᱳᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱞᱚᱡᱳᱨᱤ]], [[ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱴᱷ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱴᱷ]], [[ᱫᱮᱵᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱮᱵᱤᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱢᱟᱨᱜᱳᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱟᱨᱜᱳᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱨᱶᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱨᱶᱟ]], [[ᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: 
ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱯᱩᱨ, ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱛᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱛᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ==
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱔᱙᱑,᱘᱗᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=districtcensus&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱜᱮᱵᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 1 October 2011 | quote = Gabon 1,576,665 | archive-date = 27 September 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (US state) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
  |title=2010 Resident Population Data 
 |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau 
 |accessdate=30 September 2011 
 |quote=Hawaii 1,360,301 
 |deadurl=yes 
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php 
 |archivedate=19 October 2013 
 |df=dmy 
}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱔᱐ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱩᱸᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱓᱗ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱸᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱹᱰᱼᱚᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱒᱘.᱐᱒%&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt;᱾ ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ (sex ratio) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱒᱑ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱔.᱘᱕%&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱟᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤ==
=== ᱧᱮᱧᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ===
ᱯᱟᱵᱤᱛᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱚᱥ ᱵᱮᱫᱭᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱢ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱧᱮᱧᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
*[https://deoghar.nic.in/ Official Website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
|North     = [[ᱵᱟᱸᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ
|Northeast =
|East      = [[ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
|Southeast =
|South     = [[ᱡᱟᱢᱛᱟᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
|Southwest =
|West      = [[ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
|Northwest = [[ᱡᱚᱢᱩᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ
}}

{{ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ}}
{{ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ}}
{{ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ}}

{{coord|24|29|24|N|86|42|00|E|region:IN-JH_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ| ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:1986 establishments in India]]</text>
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    <title>ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱪᱳᱯᱰᱟ</title>
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| name = ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱪᱳᱯᱰᱟ
| female = true
| image =ANJUM_CHOPRA_(3388377038).jpg 
| country = ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ
| fullname = ᱚᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱪᱳᱯᱰᱟ
| birth_date = ᱒᱐ ᱢᱚᱭᱤ ᱑᱙᱗᱗
| birth_place = [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]]
| batting = ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱽᱲᱟ
| bowling = Right-arm medium
| role =
| international = true
| testdebutdate = ᱑᱗ ᱱᱚᱣᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ
| testdebutyear = ᱑᱙᱙᱕
| testdebutagainst = ᱤᱸᱜᱞᱚᱱᱰ
| testcap = ᱔᱖
| lasttestdate = ᱒᱖ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ
| lasttestyear =᱒᱐᱐᱖
| lasttestagainst = ᱤᱸᱜᱞᱚᱱᱰ
| odidebutdate = ᱑᱒ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱨᱩᱭᱟᱨᱤ
| odidebutyear = ᱑᱙᱙᱕
| odidebutagainst = ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱱᱰ
| odicap = ᱔᱒
| lastodidate = ᱑᱖ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ
| lastodiyear = ᱒᱐᱑᱒
| lastodiagainst = ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ
| odishirt =
| T20Idebutdate = ᱕ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 
| T20Idebutyear = ᱒00᱖
| T20Idebutfor = ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ
| T20Idebutagainst = ᱤᱸᱜᱞᱚᱱᱰ
| T20Icap = ᱒
| lastT20Idate = ᱒᱓ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 
| lastT20Iyear = ᱒᱐᱑᱒
| lastT20Ifor = ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ
| lastT20Iagainst = ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ
| T20Ishirt =
| club1 = ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱢᱮᱱ
| year1 =
| columns = ᱓
| column1 = [[Women's Test cricket|ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ]]
| matches1 = ᱑᱒
| runs1 = ᱕᱔᱘
| bat avg1 = ᱓᱐ᱹ᱔᱔
| 100s/50s1 = 0/᱔
| top score1 = ᱙᱘
| deliveries1 = ᱒᱕᱘
| wickets1 = ᱒
| bowl avg1 = ᱔᱔.00
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = ᱑/᱙
| catches/stumpings1 = ᱑᱓/–
| column2 = [[Women's One Day International cricket|ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]]
| matches2 = ᱑᱒᱗
| runs2 = ᱒᱘᱕᱖
| bat avg2 = ᱓᱑.᱓᱘
| 100s/50s2 = ᱑/᱑᱘
| top score2 = ᱑00
| deliveries2 = ᱖0᱑
| wickets2 = ᱙
| bowl avg2 = ᱔᱖.00
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = n/a
| best bowling2 = ᱒/᱙
| catches/stumpings2 = ᱓᱓/–
| column3 = [[Women's Twenty20 International|ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴ᱒᱐ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ]]
| matches3 = ᱑᱘
| runs3 = ᱒᱔᱑
| bat avg3 = ᱑᱗.᱒᱑
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0
| top score3 = ᱓᱗[[not out|*]]
| deliveries3 = –
| wickets3 = –
| bowl avg3 = –
| fivefor3 = –
| tenfor3 = n/a
| best bowling3 = –
| catches/stumpings3 = ᱓/–

| date = ᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ
| year = ᱒᱐᱑᱔
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/53910.html Cricinfo
}}
'''ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱪᱳᱯᱰᱟ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱐ ᱢᱚᱭᱤ ᱑᱙᱗᱗) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]]ᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/four-female-commentators-in-ipl-8-who-are-former-cricketers-16764.html|title=IPL8: Four female commentators who are former cricketers-IndiaTV News|access-date=2017-09-27|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐ ᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱫᱟ.ᱞ ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ 

ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱪᱤ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟ.ᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ,ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱛᱷᱽᱞᱮᱴᱥ,ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮᱴᱵᱟᱞ,ᱯᱟᱭᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟ.ᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮᱴ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱛᱤᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ 

ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ [[Women's One-day International| ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ]] ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱨᱩᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱪᱚᱨᱪ]], ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[New Zealand women's cricket team|ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱱᱰ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱪᱟᱱᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱑᱗ ᱱᱚᱣᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ [[ᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱮᱱ]],[[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[English women's cricket team|ᱤᱸᱜᱞᱚᱱᱰ]] ᱥᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/421025|title=Live Cricket Scores &amp; News International Cricket Council|access-date=2017-09-27|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱸᱜᱞᱚᱱᱰ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱞᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱖᱗.᱕ ᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ 

ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱽᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱞ ᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/53910.html|title=Player Profile: Anjum Chopra|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]|accessdate=24 January 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100116013029/http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/53910.html| archivedate= 16 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8475/8475.html|title=Player Profile: Anjum Chopra|work=CricketArchive|accessdate=24 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱩᱱᱤᱛᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ]],ᱦᱚᱨᱫᱤᱯ ᱫᱩᱣᱟ,[[ᱛᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱥᱤᱱᱦᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/people-would-say-oh-ladki-ne-kaise-out-kar-diya-anjum-chopra/story-War0rQtJO02WgBFJKw50LP.html|title=People would say, ‘Oh, ladki ne kaise out kar diya’: Anjum Chopra|date=2016-10-01|work=www.hindustantimes.com|access-date=2017-09-27|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==

ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ. ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ:
* ᱟᱡ ᱢᱟᱢᱚ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱛᱷᱽᱞᱮᱴᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾  
* ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱞ ᱪᱳᱯᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱞᱯᱷ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ. ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ 
* ᱟᱡ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱯᱳᱱᱚᱢ ᱪᱳᱯᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
* ᱟᱡ ᱫᱟᱫᱟ ᱱᱤᱨᱵᱟᱬ ᱪᱳᱯᱰᱟ [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱗ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱾
* ᱟᱡ ᱢᱟᱢᱚ ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱭᱳ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ‌ᱠᱤᱯᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱮᱴᱥ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟ.ᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱢᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱣ-ᱟ ᱾

==ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==

ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱪᱳᱯᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ [[ᱠᱮᱤᱥᱴ ᱪᱚᱨᱪ]] ᱨᱮ [[New Zealand women's national cricket team|ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱸᱰ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱨᱮ [[Batting order (cricket)|bat at No 10]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱳᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔ ᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱚᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟ.ᱨ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾

᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱤᱸᱜᱽᱞᱚᱱᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱞᱤ [[Nightwatchman (cricket)|ᱧᱤᱫᱟ. ᱦᱚᱨᱦᱚ]] ᱠᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮ  [[᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱯ]] ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱯᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱠᱳᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱸᱰ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱢᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱯᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱟ.ᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱩᱛᱷ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱘᱐ ᱥᱠᱳᱨ ᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱳᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟ.ᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱩᱛᱷ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱯ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟ.ᱥᱛᱤ ᱥᱠᱳᱨ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱯ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱤᱸᱜᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱞᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱯ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱚᱞᱛᱚ ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱗᱖ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱜ ᱥᱠᱳᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱛᱠᱟ‌.ᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱞᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱯ‌ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ  ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱕᱐ ᱳᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱒᱐ ᱳᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱯ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱞᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱟ‌ᱜᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ. ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟ.ᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱮᱪ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/5-top-players-in-the-indian-womens-cricket-team-in-the-last-decade|title=5 top players in the Indian women’s cricket team in the last decade|date=2013-12-03|access-date=2017-09-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱳᱞᱤᱝ ᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱟᱩᱱᱰᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱟ.ᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱘ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱡᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/739899.html|title=Anjum receives Padma Shri award|work=Cricinfo|access-date=2017-09-27|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱳᱡᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟ.ᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱟ.ᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱸᱰ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱚᱨᱞᱟᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱗᱐ ᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟ.ᱨ ᱚᱪᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟ.ᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

[[Delhi Public School, R. K. Puram|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱯᱚᱵᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱨ.ᱠ. ᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]], [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱳᱳᱨ ᱵᱤᱡᱱᱮᱥ ᱟᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ(FORE School of Management)]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱱᱮᱥ ᱟᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ (ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱭᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ) ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱱᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱯᱤᱠᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟ ᱢᱳᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱯᱤᱠᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱢ.ᱵ.ᱟ. ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱜᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠ]], [[ᱥᱴᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ ᱪᱟᱴᱮᱨᱰ]], [[ᱜᱳᱞᱰᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱪ]], [[ᱵᱷᱳᱰᱟ ᱯᱷᱳᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱤᱠᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

== ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ==
ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[Fear Factor - Khatron Ke Khiladi Season 4]] ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱥᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ &lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2011/may/060511-Akshay-Kumar-Khatron-Ke-Khiladi-4-promo-music-video.htm |title=Let's get dangerous |date=5 June 2011 |publisher=Midday |access-date=21 December 2019 |archive-date=19 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219112021/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2011/may/060511-Akshay-Kumar-Khatron-Ke-Khiladi-4-promo-music-video.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{Commons category|Anjum Chopra}}
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
* {{facebook|anjumchopra}}
* {{cricinfo|id=53910}}

{{India Squad 2000 Women's Cricket World Cup}}
{{India Squad 2005 Women's Cricket World Cup}}
{{India Squad 2009 Women's Cricket World Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chopra, Anjum}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:Air India women cricketers]]
[[Category:Delhi women cricketers]]
[[Category:India women One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India women Test cricketers]]
[[Category:India women Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian cricket commentators]]
[[Category:Indian women cricket captains]]
[[Category:Indian women cricketers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
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'''ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱪᱫᱮᱵ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱐ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱘᱖) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[ᱪᱮᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ‌. ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ(ᱤ.ᱢ.) ᱟᱨ ᱣᱤᱢᱮᱱ ᱜᱨᱟᱸᱰ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ(ᱣ.ᱜ.ᱢ.) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱴᱟᱭᱴᱚᱞ]] ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟ.ᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱮᱡᱮᱱᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

==ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
[[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱬᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱚ, ᱚᱱᱡᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱝᱴᱫᱚᱭ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱴᱟᱭᱴᱚᱞ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱟᱛ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠ.ᱪ‌. ᱡᱳᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱠᱚᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ &lt;ref name=&quot;chessdom1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chessdom.com/tania-sachdev-joins-the-chessdom-commentators-team/ |title=Tania Sachdev joins the Chessdom commentators team |publisher=Chessdom |date=2013-11-06 |accessdate=2013-11-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟ.ᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Young champions are back|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2000/04/04/stories/0704020b.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=28 January 2016|date=2000-04-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱨᱮ [[World Youth Chess Championship|ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱸᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;[http://old.chess.gr/tourn/1998/wrld_u18/index.html World Championship in U18 categories. 25/10-7/11/1998] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044010/http://old.chess.gr/tourn/1998/wrld_u18/index.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. ''chess.gr''. Retrieved 28 January 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱨᱣᱤᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=25th Asian Juniors 2002, Sri Lanka|url=http://asianjuniors02.tripod.com/main/id3.html|publisher=Tripod|accessdate=7 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱰ ᱠᱚ==
᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ. ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱟᱸᱰ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱟᱭᱴᱚᱞ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱨᱮ  [[Indian Chess Championship|ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱚᱨ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ]] ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱙ ᱜᱟᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ 6½ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ]] ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;[http://chess-results.com/tnr7855.aspx?lan=1&amp;art=1&amp;flag=30&amp;wi=821 12th Asian Women Indevidual (sic) Chess Championship] Chess-Results&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ [[ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ ᱟᱣᱟᱰ]] ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱨᱮᱭᱠᱡᱟᱵᱷᱤᱠ ᱳᱯᱮᱱ]] ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.chessbase.com/post/indian-success-in-iceland|title=Indian success in Iceland|last=Ramirez|first=Alejandro|authorlink=Alejandro Ramírez (chess player)|date=2016-03-20|publisher=[[ChessBase]]|language=en|access-date=2016-08-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/chess/Abhijeet-wins-Reykjavik-Open-Tania-makes-Grandmaster-norm/articleshow/51441690.cms|title=Abhijeet wins Reykjavik Open; Tania makes Grandmaster norm|date=2016-03-17|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2016-08-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱞᱩᱛᱟᱨᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Commonwealth of Nations|ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱴᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱭᱴᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=2016/08/19/sports/90797|title=Gupta and Sachdev overall champions of Commonwealth Open Chess|date=2016-08-19|newspaper=[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)|Daily News]]|access-date=2016-08-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱚᱞᱚᱢᱯᱮᱭᱟᱰ]] ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱒᱐᱐᱙,᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ]],᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ]],[[᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱢᱥ]],[[Chess at the 2009 Asian Indoor Games|᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱨ ᱜᱮᱢᱥ]] ᱠᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱴᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ [[ᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱵᱩᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[40th Chess Olympiad|᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱚᱞᱚᱢᱯᱮᱭᱟᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱸᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱨᱩᱯᱟ. ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ(᱒᱐᱐᱘,᱒᱐᱐᱙,᱒᱐᱑᱒,᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ) ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱨᱩᱯᱟ. ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱸᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟ.ᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.olimpbase.org/playersw/bltbfbze.html Sachdev Tania] team chess record at Olimpbase.org&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ DVD [[ᱪᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱥ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱬᱴᱱ [[World Chess Championship 2013|ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱢᱮᱪ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱜᱱᱚᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ and [[ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫ]] ᱥᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱟᱭ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.chessbase.com/post/improve-your-chess-with-tania-sachdev|title=Improve Your Chess With Tania Sachdev|last=Shah|first=Sagar|date=2014-07-04|publisher=Chessbase Chess News|accessdate=5 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟ.ᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
*[http://www.365chess.com/players/Sachdev_Tania Tania Sachdev] chess games at 365Chess.com
*[http://interviews.chessdom.com/tania-sachdev Interview with Tania Sachdev] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211164702/http://interviews.chessdom.com/tania-sachdev |date=2019-02-11 }} by Chessdom
*[http://www.alinalami.com/2011/01/interview-with_29.html Interview with Tania Sachdev (2011)]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} by [[Alina l'Ami]]
*[http://southasianoutlook.com/issues/2007/may/faces_tania.html Interview with Tania Sachdev (2007)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404130752/http://southasianoutlook.com/issues/2007/may/faces_tania.html |date=2016-04-04 }} by South Asian Outlook
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sachdev, Tania}}
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>191315</origin>
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      <text bytes="7758" sha1="arzgyx6fnfyxjeh1v05lz84ni1dt3ca" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox school
 | name                    = ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱥᱭᱟᱢ ᱦᱮᱢᱞᱚᱛᱟ ᱣᱤᱫᱭᱟ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱤᱨ, ᱯᱩᱨᱤ
 | native_name             = 
 | motto                   = 
 | location                = [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
 | country                 = {{Flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
 | coordinates             = 
 | type                    = ᱯᱨᱟᱤᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ
 | established             = ᱑᱙᱙᱕
 | founder                 = Ghanashayam Jena with FCI Worker’s co-operative credit society ltd
 | chairman                = ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱥᱭᱟᱢ ᱡᱮᱱᱟ
 | school_board            = ᱥᱤ. ᱵᱤ. ᱮᱥ. ᱤ.
 | school_number           = 
 | district                = [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
 | principal               = 
 | medium_of_language      = ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱡᱤ
 | campus_size             = 
 | accreditation           = ᱥᱤ. ᱵᱤ. ᱮᱥ. ᱤ. Affiliated
 | website                 = [http://ghvmschoolpuri.org/aboutus.html ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱣᱮᱵᱥᱟᱤᱴ]
}}
'''ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱥᱭᱟᱢ ᱦᱮᱢᱞᱚᱛᱟ ᱣᱤᱫᱭᱟ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱤᱨ, ᱯᱩᱨᱤ''' ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟ.ᱝ ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱡᱤ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱵᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱥᱭᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱢᱞᱚᱛᱟ ᱡᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱟ.ᱯ ᱞᱮᱱᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ '''ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯ‌ᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱟᱨᱠᱚᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱰᱤᱸᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱩᱛᱷᱩᱢ ᱪᱟ.ᱞᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱟᱤᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟ.ᱝ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ,[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱥᱭᱟᱢ ᱦᱮᱢᱞᱚᱛᱟ ᱣᱤᱫᱭᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱥᱩᱜᱩᱰᱟ]] ᱾
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤ‌. ᱵᱤ. ᱮᱥ. ᱤ ( ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱨᱰ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱠᱚᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱡᱩᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ- C.B.S.E) ᱵᱚᱰ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱑᱕᱓᱐᱐᱖᱓ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cbseaff.nic.in/cbse_aff/schdir_Report/AppViewdir.aspx?affno=1530063|title=Complete Information Form|website=cbseaff.nic.in|access-date=2019-11-15|archive-date=2019-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204174453/http://cbseaff.nic.in/cbse_aff/schdir_Report/AppViewdir.aspx?affno=1530063|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.learnpick.in/schools/bhubaneswar/ghanashyam-hemalata-vidyamandir-puri|title=Ghanashyam Hemalata Vidyamandir, Puri - CBSE School in Bhubaneswar|website=LearnPick|access-date=2019-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thelearningpoint.net/home/school-listings/cbse-9/GHANASHAYM-HEMALATA-VIDYA-MANDIR-R-J-VIHAR-PO-CHHAITANA-PURI-ORISSA-1530063|title=GHANASHAYM HEMALATA VIDYA MANDIR R J VIHAR PO CHHAITANA PURI ORISSA - The Learning Point|website=www.thelearningpoint.net|access-date=2019-11-15|archive-date=2019-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115180300/http://www.thelearningpoint.net/home/school-listings/cbse-9/GHANASHAYM-HEMALATA-VIDYA-MANDIR-R-J-VIHAR-PO-CHHAITANA-PURI-ORISSA-1530063|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.medhabruti.org/NonSams_CollegeLists.aspx|title=Non-Sams CollegeList|website=www.medhabruti.org|access-date=2019-11-15}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱾

==ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ==
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤ. ᱵᱤ. ᱮᱥ ᱤ. (C.B.S.E) ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱚᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟ. ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱮᱠᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱨᱚᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ, ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱸᱯ, ᱭᱳᱜᱟ ᱠᱮᱸᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕ (ᱯᱨᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ), ᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐ (ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ) ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ (ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ) ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾

==ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ==
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱴᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱩᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱮᱭ ᱚᱯ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱵᱤᱪ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓ ᱠᱤ.ᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱷᱟ.ᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ‌ ᱾

==ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱤᱥ-ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ==
ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱥᱭᱟᱢ ᱡᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱢᱞᱟ.ᱛᱟ ᱡᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱜᱫᱟᱱ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱲᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱚᱱᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱥᱭᱟᱢ ᱦᱮᱢᱞᱟ.ᱛᱟ ᱣᱤᱫᱭᱟ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱤᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱥᱩᱜᱤᱰᱟ (ᱡᱤ. ᱮᱪ. ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱮᱢ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱥᱩᱜᱩᱰᱟ), ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱥᱭᱟᱢ ᱦᱮᱢᱞᱚᱛᱟ ᱣᱤᱫᱭᱟ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱤᱨ, ᱯᱩᱨᱤ (ᱡᱤ. ᱮᱪ. ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱮᱢ,ᱯᱩᱨᱤ), ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱥᱭᱟᱢ ᱦᱮᱢᱞᱚᱛᱟ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱸᱴ (ᱡᱤ. ᱮᱪ. ᱟᱤ. ᱴᱤ. ᱮᱢ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ‌ ᱫᱤᱥ-ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ (vision) ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱨᱮᱝᱜᱮᱡ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟ. ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱯᱟᱲᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ &lt;ref name=&quot;www.jsglive.in 2013&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://jsglive.in/2013/12/22/ghanashyam-hemlata-vidya-mandir-observes-annual-function/|title=Ghanashyam Hemlata Vidya Mandir observes Annual function|date=2013-12-22|website=www.jsglive.in|access-date=2019-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱾

==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱯᱮ==
*[[ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱥᱭᱟᱢ ᱦᱮᱢᱞᱚᱛᱟ ᱣᱤᱫᱭᱟ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱤᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱥᱩᱜᱩᱰᱟ]]

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>arzgyx6fnfyxjeh1v05lz84ni1dt3ca</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:12:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>191284</origin>
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      <text bytes="10431" sha1="1e42xbcvmvi3oi3r3m30y5n40y3guat" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱦᱳ
| population       = {{circa|᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ}}
| total_ref        = {{efn|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑,᱗᱓᱓,᱓᱕᱕), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱑,᱐᱓᱓,᱐᱙᱕ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕,᱒᱕᱑ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱖᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|website=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, India|access-date=15 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| total_year       = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| image            = Ho Tribal Lady.jpg
| caption          = ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱾
| popplace         = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| region2          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop2             = ᱙᱒᱘,᱒᱘᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region3          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
| pop3             = ᱗᱐᱕,᱖᱑᱘&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region4          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop4             = ᱒᱓,᱔᱘᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region5          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
| pop5             = ᱗᱑᱕&lt;ref 
name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| languages        = [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]
| religions        = {{hlist|[[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]}}
| related          = {{hlist|[[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] | [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] | [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] | [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] }}
| footnotes        = ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱠᱳᱞ, ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ-ᱠᱳᱞ]]''' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title= Kolha |url=https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |publisher=Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Odisha |year=2018 |isbn=978-93-80705-56-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921094725/https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|
| native_name      = ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱞ
| native_name_lang = 
| flag             = 
}}

'''ᱦᱳ''' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ]] [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐.᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱗.᱓% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|title = Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], [[ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JharkhandData&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_jharkhand.pdf |title = Jharkhand: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes |access-date= 6 March 2008 |work= Census of India 2001 |publisher= Census Commission of India }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐᱖,᱙᱒᱑ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribal&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Scheduled Tribals |url=https://tribal.nic.in/ST/Tribal%20Profile.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in |access-date=30 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=High hopes for Ho |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-Ho/articleshow/9275704.cms |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 July 2011 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://mattersindia.com/2015/02/journeying-together-with-ho-tribes-in-odisha/ | title=Journeying together with Ho tribes in Odisha| date=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hoc |title= Ho: A Language of India | access-date= 14 October 2017 |work= Ethnologue | publisher= SIL International }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mohan|first1=Shailendra|editor1-last=Hashnain|editor1-first=Imtiaz|editor2-last=Bagga-Gupta|editor2-first=Sangeeta|editor3-last=Mohan|editor3-first=Shailendra|title=Linguistic Identity and Language Preferences Among the Austro-Asiatic Language Speakers of Jharkhand|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781443847162|pages=286–303|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/download/45589677/linguistic_identity_and_language_preference.pdf|access-date=9 October 2017|chapter=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = &quot;indiaex&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;elib&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;ndtv&quot; /&gt;

==ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ==
ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱧᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ, ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱮᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱝᱜᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ|

ᱥᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱲᱟ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱳᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱦᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱮᱶ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ| ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱹᱦᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ,ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱚ  ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱦᱳᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ|

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ==
ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱱᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱨᱟᱺᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ|

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}
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| group            = ᱦᱳ
| population       = {{circa|᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ}}
| total_ref        = {{efn|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑,᱗᱓᱓,᱓᱕᱕), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱑,᱐᱓᱓,᱐᱙᱕ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕,᱒᱕᱑ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱖᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|website=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, India|access-date=15 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| total_year       = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| image            = Ho Tribal Lady.jpg
| caption          = ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱾
| popplace         = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| region2          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop2             = ᱙᱒᱘,᱒᱘᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region3          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
| pop3             = ᱗᱐᱕,᱖᱑᱘&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region4          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop4             = ᱒᱓,᱔᱘᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region5          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
| pop5             = ᱗᱑᱕&lt;ref 
name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| languages        = [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]
| religions        = {{hlist|[[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]}}
| related          = {{hlist|[[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] | [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] | [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] | [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] }}
| footnotes        = ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱠᱳᱞ, ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ-ᱠᱳᱞ]]''' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title= Kolha |url=https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |publisher=Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Odisha |year=2018 |isbn=978-93-80705-56-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921094725/https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|
| native_name      = ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱞ
| native_name_lang = 
| flag             = 
}}

'''ᱦᱳ''' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ]] [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐.᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱗.᱓% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|title = Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], [[ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JharkhandData&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_jharkhand.pdf |title = Jharkhand: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes |access-date= 6 March 2008 |work= Census of India 2001 |publisher= Census Commission of India }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐᱖,᱙᱒᱑ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribal&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Scheduled Tribals |url=https://tribal.nic.in/ST/Tribal%20Profile.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in |access-date=30 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=High hopes for Ho |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-Ho/articleshow/9275704.cms |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 July 2011 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://mattersindia.com/2015/02/journeying-together-with-ho-tribes-in-odisha/ | title=Journeying together with Ho tribes in Odisha| date=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hoc |title= Ho: A Language of India | access-date= 14 October 2017 |work= Ethnologue | publisher= SIL International }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mohan|first1=Shailendra|editor1-last=Hashnain|editor1-first=Imtiaz|editor2-last=Bagga-Gupta|editor2-first=Sangeeta|editor3-last=Mohan|editor3-first=Shailendra|title=Linguistic Identity and Language Preferences Among the Austro-Asiatic Language Speakers of Jharkhand|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781443847162|pages=286–303|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/download/45589677/linguistic_identity_and_language_preference.pdf|access-date=9 October 2017|chapter=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ==
ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱧᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ, ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱮᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱝᱜᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ|

ᱥᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱲᱟ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱳᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱦᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱮᱶ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ| ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱹᱦᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ,ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱚ  ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱦᱳᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ|

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ==
ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱱᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱨᱟᱺᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ|

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}
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| group            = ᱦᱳ
| population       = {{circa|᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ}}
| total_ref        = {{efn|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑,᱗᱓᱓,᱓᱕᱕), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱑,᱐᱓᱓,᱐᱙᱕ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕,᱒᱕᱑ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱖᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|website=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, India|access-date=15 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| total_year       = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| image            = Ho Tribal Lady.jpg
| caption          = ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱾
| popplace         = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| region2          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop2             = ᱙᱒᱘,᱒᱘᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region3          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
| pop3             = ᱗᱐᱕,᱖᱑᱘&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region4          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop4             = ᱒᱓,᱔᱘᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region5          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
| pop5             = ᱗᱑᱕&lt;ref 
name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| languages        = [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]
| religions        = {{hlist|[[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]}}
| related          = {{hlist|[[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] | [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] | [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] | [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] }}
| footnotes        = ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱠᱳᱞ, ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ-ᱠᱳᱞ]]''' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title= Kolha |url=https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |publisher=Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Odisha |year=2018 |isbn=978-93-80705-56-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921094725/https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|
| native_name      = ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱞ
| native_name_lang = 
| flag             = 
}}

'''ᱦᱳ''' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ]] [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐.᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱗.᱓% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|title = Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], [[ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JharkhandData&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_jharkhand.pdf |title = Jharkhand: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes |access-date= 6 March 2008 |work= Census of India 2001 |publisher= Census Commission of India }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐᱖,᱙᱒᱑ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribal&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Scheduled Tribals |url=https://tribal.nic.in/ST/Tribal%20Profile.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in |access-date=30 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=High hopes for Ho |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-Ho/articleshow/9275704.cms |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 July 2011 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://mattersindia.com/2015/02/journeying-together-with-ho-tribes-in-odisha/ | title=Journeying together with Ho tribes in Odisha| date=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hoc |title= Ho: A Language of India | access-date= 14 October 2017 |work= Ethnologue | publisher= SIL International }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mohan|first1=Shailendra|editor1-last=Hashnain|editor1-first=Imtiaz|editor2-last=Bagga-Gupta|editor2-first=Sangeeta|editor3-last=Mohan|editor3-first=Shailendra|title=Linguistic Identity and Language Preferences Among the Austro-Asiatic Language Speakers of Jharkhand|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781443847162|pages=286–303|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/download/45589677/linguistic_identity_and_language_preference.pdf|access-date=9 October 2017|chapter=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ==
== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==
{{main|ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}}
ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱳᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱦᱳ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱣᱡᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ|ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Sidwell /&gt; ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨᱟ, [[ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱙᱒% ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno /&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Hoffman|first1=Paul|title=(Re)inventing writing: stories and histories|page=5|url=http://www.hoffmancommapaul.com/papers/lis470/re-inventing-writing.pdf|website=hoffmancommapaul.com|access-date=16 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ==
ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱱᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱨᱟᱺᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ|

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>191287</id>
      <parentid>191286</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:18:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ */ -</comment>
      <origin>191287</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12672" sha1="tmk4t0vslpnfxh2fmy4u03xccffk0ee" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱦᱳ
| population       = {{circa|᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ}}
| total_ref        = {{efn|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑,᱗᱓᱓,᱓᱕᱕), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱑,᱐᱓᱓,᱐᱙᱕ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕,᱒᱕᱑ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱖᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|website=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, India|access-date=15 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| total_year       = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| image            = Ho Tribal Lady.jpg
| caption          = ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱾
| popplace         = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| region2          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop2             = ᱙᱒᱘,᱒᱘᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region3          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
| pop3             = ᱗᱐᱕,᱖᱑᱘&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region4          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop4             = ᱒᱓,᱔᱘᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region5          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
| pop5             = ᱗᱑᱕&lt;ref 
name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| languages        = [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]
| religions        = {{hlist|[[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]}}
| related          = {{hlist|[[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] | [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] | [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] | [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] }}
| footnotes        = ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱠᱳᱞ, ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ-ᱠᱳᱞ]]''' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title= Kolha |url=https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |publisher=Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Odisha |year=2018 |isbn=978-93-80705-56-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921094725/https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|
| native_name      = ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱞ
| native_name_lang = 
| flag             = 
}}

'''ᱦᱳ''' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ]] [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐.᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱗.᱓% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|title = Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], [[ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JharkhandData&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_jharkhand.pdf |title = Jharkhand: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes |access-date= 6 March 2008 |work= Census of India 2001 |publisher= Census Commission of India }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐᱖,᱙᱒᱑ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribal&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Scheduled Tribals |url=https://tribal.nic.in/ST/Tribal%20Profile.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in |access-date=30 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=High hopes for Ho |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-Ho/articleshow/9275704.cms |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 July 2011 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://mattersindia.com/2015/02/journeying-together-with-ho-tribes-in-odisha/ | title=Journeying together with Ho tribes in Odisha| date=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hoc |title= Ho: A Language of India | access-date= 14 October 2017 |work= Ethnologue | publisher= SIL International }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mohan|first1=Shailendra|editor1-last=Hashnain|editor1-first=Imtiaz|editor2-last=Bagga-Gupta|editor2-first=Sangeeta|editor3-last=Mohan|editor3-first=Shailendra|title=Linguistic Identity and Language Preferences Among the Austro-Asiatic Language Speakers of Jharkhand|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781443847162|pages=286–303|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/download/45589677/linguistic_identity_and_language_preference.pdf|access-date=9 October 2017|chapter=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==
{{main|ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}}
ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱳᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱦᱳ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱣᱡᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ|ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Sidwell /&gt; ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨᱟ, [[ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱙᱒% ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno /&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Hoffman|first1=Paul|title=(Re)inventing writing: stories and histories|page=5|url=http://www.hoffmancommapaul.com/papers/lis470/re-inventing-writing.pdf|website=hoffmancommapaul.com|access-date=16 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ==
ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱱᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱨᱟᱺᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ|

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}
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      <text bytes="12652" sha1="q6olkbw37vg7d6qqdyy539bbaua0xz4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱦᱳ
| population       = {{circa|᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ}}
| total_ref        = {{efn|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑,᱗᱓᱓,᱓᱕᱕), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱑,᱐᱓᱓,᱐᱙᱕ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕,᱒᱕᱑ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱖᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|website=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, India|access-date=15 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| total_year       = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| image            = Ho Tribal Lady.jpg
| caption          = ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱾
| popplace         = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| region2          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop2             = ᱙᱒᱘,᱒᱘᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region3          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
| pop3             = ᱗᱐᱕,᱖᱑᱘&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region4          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop4             = ᱒᱓,᱔᱘᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region5          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
| pop5             = ᱗᱑᱕&lt;ref 
name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| languages        = [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]
| religions        = {{hlist|[[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]}}
| related          = {{hlist|[[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] | [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] | [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] | [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] }}
| footnotes        = ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱠᱳᱞ, ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ-ᱠᱳᱞ]]''' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title= Kolha |url=https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |publisher=Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Odisha |year=2018 |isbn=978-93-80705-56-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921094725/https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|
| native_name      = ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱞ
| native_name_lang = 
| flag             = 
}}

'''ᱦᱳ''' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ]] [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐.᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱗.᱓% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|title = Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], [[ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JharkhandData&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_jharkhand.pdf |title = Jharkhand: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes |access-date= 6 March 2008 |work= Census of India 2001 |publisher= Census Commission of India }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐᱖,᱙᱒᱑ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribal&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Scheduled Tribals |url=https://tribal.nic.in/ST/Tribal%20Profile.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in |access-date=30 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=High hopes for Ho |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-Ho/articleshow/9275704.cms |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 July 2011 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://mattersindia.com/2015/02/journeying-together-with-ho-tribes-in-odisha/ | title=Journeying together with Ho tribes in Odisha| date=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hoc |title= Ho: A Language of India | access-date= 14 October 2017 |work= Ethnologue | publisher= SIL International }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mohan|first1=Shailendra|editor1-last=Hashnain|editor1-first=Imtiaz|editor2-last=Bagga-Gupta|editor2-first=Sangeeta|editor3-last=Mohan|editor3-first=Shailendra|title=Linguistic Identity and Language Preferences Among the Austro-Asiatic Language Speakers of Jharkhand|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781443847162|pages=286–303|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/download/45589677/linguistic_identity_and_language_preference.pdf|access-date=9 October 2017|chapter=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==
{{main|ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}}
ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱳᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱦᱳ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱣᱡᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ|ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨᱟ, [[ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱙᱒% ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno /&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Hoffman|first1=Paul|title=(Re)inventing writing: stories and histories|page=5|url=http://www.hoffmancommapaul.com/papers/lis470/re-inventing-writing.pdf|website=hoffmancommapaul.com|access-date=16 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ==
ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱱᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱨᱟᱺᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ|

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]]</text>
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      <id>191290</id>
      <parentid>191288</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:21:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ */ +</comment>
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      <text bytes="14499" sha1="qxklkd1hnr7c0ugckwalq5yu7bywuwm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱦᱳ
| population       = {{circa|᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ}}
| total_ref        = {{efn|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑,᱗᱓᱓,᱓᱕᱕), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱑,᱐᱓᱓,᱐᱙᱕ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕,᱒᱕᱑ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱖᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|website=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, India|access-date=15 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| total_year       = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| image            = Ho Tribal Lady.jpg
| caption          = ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱾
| popplace         = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| region2          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop2             = ᱙᱒᱘,᱒᱘᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region3          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
| pop3             = ᱗᱐᱕,᱖᱑᱘&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region4          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop4             = ᱒᱓,᱔᱘᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region5          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
| pop5             = ᱗᱑᱕&lt;ref 
name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| languages        = [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]
| religions        = {{hlist|[[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]}}
| related          = {{hlist|[[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] | [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] | [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] | [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] }}
| footnotes        = ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱠᱳᱞ, ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ-ᱠᱳᱞ]]''' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title= Kolha |url=https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |publisher=Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Odisha |year=2018 |isbn=978-93-80705-56-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921094725/https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|
| native_name      = ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱞ
| native_name_lang = 
| flag             = 
}}

'''ᱦᱳ''' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ]] [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐.᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱗.᱓% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|title = Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], [[ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JharkhandData&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_jharkhand.pdf |title = Jharkhand: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes |access-date= 6 March 2008 |work= Census of India 2001 |publisher= Census Commission of India }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐᱖,᱙᱒᱑ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribal&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Scheduled Tribals |url=https://tribal.nic.in/ST/Tribal%20Profile.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in |access-date=30 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=High hopes for Ho |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-Ho/articleshow/9275704.cms |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 July 2011 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://mattersindia.com/2015/02/journeying-together-with-ho-tribes-in-odisha/ | title=Journeying together with Ho tribes in Odisha| date=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hoc |title= Ho: A Language of India | access-date= 14 October 2017 |work= Ethnologue | publisher= SIL International }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mohan|first1=Shailendra|editor1-last=Hashnain|editor1-first=Imtiaz|editor2-last=Bagga-Gupta|editor2-first=Sangeeta|editor3-last=Mohan|editor3-first=Shailendra|title=Linguistic Identity and Language Preferences Among the Austro-Asiatic Language Speakers of Jharkhand|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781443847162|pages=286–303|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/download/45589677/linguistic_identity_and_language_preference.pdf|access-date=9 October 2017|chapter=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==
{{main|ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}}
ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱳᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱦᱳ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱣᱡᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ|ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨᱟ, [[ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱙᱒% ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno /&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Hoffman|first1=Paul|title=(Re)inventing writing: stories and histories|page=5|url=http://www.hoffmancommapaul.com/papers/lis470/re-inventing-writing.pdf|website=hoffmancommapaul.com|access-date=16 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ==
[[File:OpenSpeaks-Hoc-Ruum Sakam-Sunaram Singh Tiyu-Cultivation.webm|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ]]

ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱡᱟᱹᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱠᱚ, ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ, ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
 
ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱥᱤᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Srinivasan, N.R., ''History of The Indian Iron and Steel Company'', 1983, p. 137&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱩᱣᱟ, ᱱᱳᱣᱟᱢᱩᱱᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱾

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
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      <text bytes="18721" sha1="bnktkja8zorm4f69fhplyt2v83ffqz9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱦᱳ
| population       = {{circa|᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ}}
| total_ref        = {{efn|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑,᱗᱓᱓,᱓᱕᱕), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱑,᱐᱓᱓,᱐᱙᱕ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕,᱒᱕᱑ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱖᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|website=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, India|access-date=15 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| total_year       = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| image            = Ho Tribal Lady.jpg
| caption          = ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱾
| popplace         = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| region2          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop2             = ᱙᱒᱘,᱒᱘᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region3          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
| pop3             = ᱗᱐᱕,᱖᱑᱘&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region4          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop4             = ᱒᱓,᱔᱘᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region5          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
| pop5             = ᱗᱑᱕&lt;ref 
name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| languages        = [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]
| religions        = {{hlist|[[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]}}
| related          = {{hlist|[[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] | [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] | [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] | [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] }}
| footnotes        = ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱠᱳᱞ, ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ-ᱠᱳᱞ]]''' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title= Kolha |url=https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |publisher=Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Odisha |year=2018 |isbn=978-93-80705-56-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921094725/https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|
| native_name      = ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱞ
| native_name_lang = 
| flag             = 
}}

'''ᱦᱳ''' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ]] [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐.᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱗.᱓% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|title = Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], [[ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JharkhandData&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_jharkhand.pdf |title = Jharkhand: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes |access-date= 6 March 2008 |work= Census of India 2001 |publisher= Census Commission of India }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐᱖,᱙᱒᱑ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribal&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Scheduled Tribals |url=https://tribal.nic.in/ST/Tribal%20Profile.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in |access-date=30 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=High hopes for Ho |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-Ho/articleshow/9275704.cms |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 July 2011 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://mattersindia.com/2015/02/journeying-together-with-ho-tribes-in-odisha/ | title=Journeying together with Ho tribes in Odisha| date=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hoc |title= Ho: A Language of India | access-date= 14 October 2017 |work= Ethnologue | publisher= SIL International }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mohan|first1=Shailendra|editor1-last=Hashnain|editor1-first=Imtiaz|editor2-last=Bagga-Gupta|editor2-first=Sangeeta|editor3-last=Mohan|editor3-first=Shailendra|title=Linguistic Identity and Language Preferences Among the Austro-Asiatic Language Speakers of Jharkhand|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781443847162|pages=286–303|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/download/45589677/linguistic_identity_and_language_preference.pdf|access-date=9 October 2017|chapter=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==
{{main|ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}}
ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱳᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱦᱳ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱣᱡᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ|ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨᱟ, [[ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱙᱒% ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno /&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Hoffman|first1=Paul|title=(Re)inventing writing: stories and histories|page=5|url=http://www.hoffmancommapaul.com/papers/lis470/re-inventing-writing.pdf|website=hoffmancommapaul.com|access-date=16 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ==
[[File:OpenSpeaks-Hoc-Ruum Sakam-Sunaram Singh Tiyu-Cultivation.webm|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ]]

ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱡᱟᱹᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱠᱚ, ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ, ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
 
ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱥᱤᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Srinivasan, N.R., ''History of The Indian Iron and Steel Company'', 1983, p. 137&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱩᱣᱟ, ᱱᱳᱣᱟᱢᱩᱱᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱾
== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
*[[ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Balmuchu |first1=Pradeep Kumar |date=31 May 2018 |url=http://rsdebate.nic.in/rsdebate56/handle/123456789/683309?viewItem=browse |title=Demand to include the language 'Ho' spoken in Jharkhand, in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution |journal=Parliament of India |access-date=Jan 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ
* [[ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/130417/tribal-girl-lipika-singh-darai-from-odisha-wins-4-national-awards-in-7-years.html|title=Tribal girl Lipika Singh Darai from Odisha wins 4 National Awards in 7 years|date=13 April 2017|publisher=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱚᱱ ᱜᱤᱞᱩᱣᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=''हो'' भाषा को संविधान की आठवीं अनुसूची में शामिल करने की मांग के साथ जंतर मंतर पर प्रदर्शन |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/saraikela-kharsawan/1229312 |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=Prabhat Khabar |date=3 December 2018 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱳᱰᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref name=&quot;Thaker&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Thaker|first1=Jayesh|title=Poll Power Trips Geeta Koda means business|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128004020/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 November 2014|access-date=11 November 2017|work=The Telegraph India|date=28 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱳᱰᱟ]] - ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] &lt;ref name=&quot;Thaker&quot; /&gt;
*[[ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱝᱠᱩ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Choudhary |first1=Manoj |date=12 Apr 2014 |title=Madhu Koda, Bagun Sumbrui still call the shots in Singhbhum |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-ranchi/20140412/281706907663747 |work=PressReader |access-date=Jan 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱢ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱥᱳᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢᱤᱡ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Hamare Padma: Dr Janum Singh Soy gets Padma Shri Award for preserving Ho language |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBiOG0DT74A |website=YouTube | date=7 May 2023 |publisher=[[DD News]] |access-date=18 September 2023 |quote=Ethnicity mentioned between 2:10 to 2:15 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱵᱟᱜᱩᱱ ᱥᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱟᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/jun/29/ranchi-diary-1835300.html | title=Ranchi diary| date=29 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]]</text>
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| group            = ᱦᱳ
| population       = {{circa|᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ}}
| total_ref        = {{efn|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑,᱗᱓᱓,᱓᱕᱕), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱑,᱐᱓᱓,᱐᱙᱕ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕,᱒᱕᱑ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱖᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|website=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, India|access-date=15 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| total_year       = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| image            = Ho Tribal Lady.jpg
| caption          = ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱾
| popplace         = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| region2          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop2             = ᱙᱒᱘,᱒᱘᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region3          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
| pop3             = ᱗᱐᱕,᱖᱑᱘&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region4          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop4             = ᱒᱓,᱔᱘᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region5          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
| pop5             = ᱗᱑᱕&lt;ref 
name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| languages        = [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]
| religions        = {{hlist|[[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]}}
| related          = {{hlist|[[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] | [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] | [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] | [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] }}
| footnotes        = ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱠᱳᱞ, ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ-ᱠᱳᱞ]]''' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title= Kolha |url=https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |publisher=Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Odisha |year=2018 |isbn=978-93-80705-56-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921094725/https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|
| native_name      = ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱞ
| native_name_lang = 
| flag             = 
}}

'''ᱦᱳ''' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ]] [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐.᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱗.᱓% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|title = Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], [[ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JharkhandData&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_jharkhand.pdf |title = Jharkhand: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes |access-date= 6 March 2008 |work= Census of India 2001 |publisher= Census Commission of India }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐᱖,᱙᱒᱑ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribal&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Scheduled Tribals |url=https://tribal.nic.in/ST/Tribal%20Profile.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in |access-date=30 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=High hopes for Ho |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-Ho/articleshow/9275704.cms |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 July 2011 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://mattersindia.com/2015/02/journeying-together-with-ho-tribes-in-odisha/ | title=Journeying together with Ho tribes in Odisha| date=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hoc |title= Ho: A Language of India | access-date= 14 October 2017 |work= Ethnologue | publisher= SIL International }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mohan|first1=Shailendra|editor1-last=Hashnain|editor1-first=Imtiaz|editor2-last=Bagga-Gupta|editor2-first=Sangeeta|editor3-last=Mohan|editor3-first=Shailendra|title=Linguistic Identity and Language Preferences Among the Austro-Asiatic Language Speakers of Jharkhand|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781443847162|pages=286–303|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/download/45589677/linguistic_identity_and_language_preference.pdf|access-date=9 October 2017|chapter=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==
{{main|ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}}
ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱳᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱦᱳ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱣᱡᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ|ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨᱟ, [[ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱙᱒% ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno /&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Hoffman|first1=Paul|title=(Re)inventing writing: stories and histories|page=5|url=http://www.hoffmancommapaul.com/papers/lis470/re-inventing-writing.pdf|website=hoffmancommapaul.com|access-date=16 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ==
[[File:OpenSpeaks-Hoc-Ruum Sakam-Sunaram Singh Tiyu-Cultivation.webm|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ]]

ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱡᱟᱹᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱠᱚ, ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ, ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
 
ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱥᱤᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Srinivasan, N.R., ''History of The Indian Iron and Steel Company'', 1983, p. 137&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱩᱣᱟ, ᱱᱳᱣᱟᱢᱩᱱᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱾
== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
*[[ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Balmuchu |first1=Pradeep Kumar |date=31 May 2018 |url=http://rsdebate.nic.in/rsdebate56/handle/123456789/683309?viewItem=browse |title=Demand to include the language 'Ho' spoken in Jharkhand, in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution |journal=Parliament of India |access-date=Jan 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ
* [[ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/130417/tribal-girl-lipika-singh-darai-from-odisha-wins-4-national-awards-in-7-years.html|title=Tribal girl Lipika Singh Darai from Odisha wins 4 National Awards in 7 years|date=13 April 2017|publisher=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱚᱱ ᱜᱤᱞᱩᱣᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=''हो'' भाषा को संविधान की आठवीं अनुसूची में शामिल करने की मांग के साथ जंतर मंतर पर प्रदर्शन |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/saraikela-kharsawan/1229312 |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=Prabhat Khabar |date=3 December 2018 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱳᱰᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref name=&quot;Thaker&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Thaker|first1=Jayesh|title=Poll Power Trips Geeta Koda means business|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128004020/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 November 2014|access-date=11 November 2017|work=The Telegraph India|date=28 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱳᱰᱟ]] - ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] &lt;ref name=&quot;Thaker&quot; /&gt;
*[[ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱝᱠᱩ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Choudhary |first1=Manoj |date=12 Apr 2014 |title=Madhu Koda, Bagun Sumbrui still call the shots in Singhbhum |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-ranchi/20140412/281706907663747 |work=PressReader |access-date=Jan 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱢ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢᱤᱡ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Hamare Padma: Dr Janum Singh Soy gets Padma Shri Award for preserving Ho language |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBiOG0DT74A |website=YouTube | date=7 May 2023 |publisher=[[DD News]] |access-date=18 September 2023 |quote=Ethnicity mentioned between 2:10 to 2:15 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱵᱟᱜᱩᱱ ᱥᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱟᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/jun/29/ranchi-diary-1835300.html | title=Ranchi diary| date=29 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]]</text>
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| group            = ᱦᱳ
| population       = {{circa|᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ}}
| total_ref        = {{efn|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑,᱗᱓᱓,᱓᱕᱕), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱑,᱐᱓᱓,᱐᱙᱕ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕,᱒᱕᱑ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱖᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|website=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, India|access-date=15 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| total_year       = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| image            = Ho Tribal Lady.jpg
| caption          = ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱾
| popplace         = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| region2          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop2             = ᱙᱒᱘,᱒᱘᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region3          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
| pop3             = ᱗᱐᱕,᱖᱑᱘&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region4          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop4             = ᱒᱓,᱔᱘᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region5          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
| pop5             = ᱗᱑᱕&lt;ref 
name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| languages        = [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]
| religions        = {{hlist|[[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]}}
| related          = {{hlist|[[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] | [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] | [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] | [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] }}
| footnotes        = ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱠᱳᱞ, ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ-ᱠᱳᱞ]]''' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title= Kolha |url=https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |publisher=Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Odisha |year=2018 |isbn=978-93-80705-56-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921094725/https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|
| native_name      = ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱞ
| native_name_lang = 
| flag             = 
}}

'''ᱦᱳ''' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ]] [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐.᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱗.᱓% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|title = Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], [[ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JharkhandData&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_jharkhand.pdf |title = Jharkhand: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes |access-date= 6 March 2008 |work= Census of India 2001 |publisher= Census Commission of India }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐᱖,᱙᱒᱑ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribal&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Scheduled Tribals |url=https://tribal.nic.in/ST/Tribal%20Profile.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in |access-date=30 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=High hopes for Ho |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-Ho/articleshow/9275704.cms |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 July 2011 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://mattersindia.com/2015/02/journeying-together-with-ho-tribes-in-odisha/ | title=Journeying together with Ho tribes in Odisha| date=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hoc |title= Ho: A Language of India | access-date= 14 October 2017 |work= Ethnologue | publisher= SIL International }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mohan|first1=Shailendra|editor1-last=Hashnain|editor1-first=Imtiaz|editor2-last=Bagga-Gupta|editor2-first=Sangeeta|editor3-last=Mohan|editor3-first=Shailendra|title=Linguistic Identity and Language Preferences Among the Austro-Asiatic Language Speakers of Jharkhand|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781443847162|pages=286–303|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/download/45589677/linguistic_identity_and_language_preference.pdf|access-date=9 October 2017|chapter=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==
{{main|ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}}
ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱳᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱦᱳ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱣᱡᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ|ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨᱟ, [[ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱙᱒% ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno /&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Hoffman|first1=Paul|title=(Re)inventing writing: stories and histories|page=5|url=http://www.hoffmancommapaul.com/papers/lis470/re-inventing-writing.pdf|website=hoffmancommapaul.com|access-date=16 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ==
[[File:OpenSpeaks-Hoc-Ruum Sakam-Sunaram Singh Tiyu-Cultivation.webm|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ]]

ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱡᱟᱹᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱠᱚ, ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ, ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
 
ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱥᱤᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Srinivasan, N.R., ''History of The Indian Iron and Steel Company'', 1983, p. 137&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱩᱣᱟ, ᱱᱳᱣᱟᱢᱩᱱᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱾
== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
*[[ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Balmuchu |first1=Pradeep Kumar |date=31 May 2018 |url=http://rsdebate.nic.in/rsdebate56/handle/123456789/683309?viewItem=browse |title=Demand to include the language 'Ho' spoken in Jharkhand, in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution |journal=Parliament of India |access-date=Jan 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ
* [[ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/130417/tribal-girl-lipika-singh-darai-from-odisha-wins-4-national-awards-in-7-years.html|title=Tribal girl Lipika Singh Darai from Odisha wins 4 National Awards in 7 years|date=13 April 2017|publisher=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱚᱱ ᱜᱤᱞᱩᱣᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=''हो'' भाषा को संविधान की आठवीं अनुसूची में शामिल करने की मांग के साथ जंतर मंतर पर प्रदर्शन |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/saraikela-kharsawan/1229312 |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=Prabhat Khabar |date=3 December 2018 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref name=&quot;Thaker&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Thaker|first1=Jayesh|title=Poll Power Trips Geeta Koda means business|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128004020/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 November 2014|access-date=11 November 2017|work=The Telegraph India|date=28 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] - ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] &lt;ref name=&quot;Thaker&quot; /&gt;
*[[ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱝᱠᱩ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Choudhary |first1=Manoj |date=12 Apr 2014 |title=Madhu Koda, Bagun Sumbrui still call the shots in Singhbhum |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-ranchi/20140412/281706907663747 |work=PressReader |access-date=Jan 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱢ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢᱤᱡ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Hamare Padma: Dr Janum Singh Soy gets Padma Shri Award for preserving Ho language |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBiOG0DT74A |website=YouTube | date=7 May 2023 |publisher=[[DD News]] |access-date=18 September 2023 |quote=Ethnicity mentioned between 2:10 to 2:15 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱵᱟᱜᱩᱱ ᱥᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱟᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/jun/29/ranchi-diary-1835300.html | title=Ranchi diary| date=29 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]]</text>
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| group            = ᱦᱳ
| population       = {{circa|᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ}}
| total_ref        = {{efn|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑,᱗᱓᱓,᱓᱕᱕), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱑,᱐᱓᱓,᱐᱙᱕ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕,᱒᱕᱑ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱖᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|website=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, India|access-date=15 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| total_year       = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| image            = Ho Tribal Lady.jpg
| caption          = ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱾
| popplace         = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| region2          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop2             = ᱙᱒᱘,᱒᱘᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region3          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
| pop3             = ᱗᱐᱕,᱖᱑᱘&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region4          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop4             = ᱒᱓,᱔᱘᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region5          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
| pop5             = ᱗᱑᱕&lt;ref 
name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| languages        = [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]
| religions        = {{hlist|[[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]}}
| related          = {{hlist|[[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] | [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] | [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] | [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] }}
| footnotes        = ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱠᱳᱞ, ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ-ᱠᱳᱞ]]''' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title= Kolha |url=https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |publisher=Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Odisha |year=2018 |isbn=978-93-80705-56-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921094725/https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|
| native_name      = ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱞ
| native_name_lang = 
| flag             = 
}}

'''ᱦᱳ''' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ]] [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐.᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱗.᱓% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|title = Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], [[ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JharkhandData&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_jharkhand.pdf |title = Jharkhand: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes |access-date= 6 March 2008 |work= Census of India 2001 |publisher= Census Commission of India }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐᱖,᱙᱒᱑ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribal&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Scheduled Tribals |url=https://tribal.nic.in/ST/Tribal%20Profile.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in |access-date=30 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=High hopes for Ho |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-Ho/articleshow/9275704.cms |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 July 2011 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://mattersindia.com/2015/02/journeying-together-with-ho-tribes-in-odisha/ | title=Journeying together with Ho tribes in Odisha| date=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hoc |title= Ho: A Language of India | access-date= 14 October 2017 |work= Ethnologue | publisher= SIL International }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mohan|first1=Shailendra|editor1-last=Hashnain|editor1-first=Imtiaz|editor2-last=Bagga-Gupta|editor2-first=Sangeeta|editor3-last=Mohan|editor3-first=Shailendra|title=Linguistic Identity and Language Preferences Among the Austro-Asiatic Language Speakers of Jharkhand|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781443847162|pages=286–303|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/download/45589677/linguistic_identity_and_language_preference.pdf|access-date=9 October 2017|chapter=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==
{{main|ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}}
ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱳᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱦᱳ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱣᱡᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ|ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨᱟ, [[ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱙᱒% ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno /&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Hoffman|first1=Paul|title=(Re)inventing writing: stories and histories|page=5|url=http://www.hoffmancommapaul.com/papers/lis470/re-inventing-writing.pdf|website=hoffmancommapaul.com|access-date=16 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ==
[[File:OpenSpeaks-Hoc-Ruum Sakam-Sunaram Singh Tiyu-Cultivation.webm|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ]]

ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱡᱟᱹᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱠᱚ, ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ, ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
 
ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱥᱤᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Srinivasan, N.R., ''History of The Indian Iron and Steel Company'', 1983, p. 137&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱩᱣᱟ, ᱱᱳᱣᱟᱢᱩᱱᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱾
== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
*[[ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Balmuchu |first1=Pradeep Kumar |date=31 May 2018 |url=http://rsdebate.nic.in/rsdebate56/handle/123456789/683309?viewItem=browse |title=Demand to include the language 'Ho' spoken in Jharkhand, in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution |journal=Parliament of India |access-date=Jan 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ
* [[ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/130417/tribal-girl-lipika-singh-darai-from-odisha-wins-4-national-awards-in-7-years.html|title=Tribal girl Lipika Singh Darai from Odisha wins 4 National Awards in 7 years|date=13 April 2017|publisher=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱚᱱ ᱜᱤᱞᱩᱣᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=''हो'' भाषा को संविधान की आठवीं अनुसूची में शामिल करने की मांग के साथ जंतर मंतर पर प्रदर्शन |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/saraikela-kharsawan/1229312 |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=Prabhat Khabar |date=3 December 2018 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref name=&quot;Thaker&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Thaker|first1=Jayesh|title=Poll Power Trips Geeta Koda means business|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128004020/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 November 2014|access-date=11 November 2017|work=The Telegraph India|date=28 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] - ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] &lt;ref name=&quot;Thaker&quot; /&gt;
*[[ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱝᱠᱩ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Choudhary |first1=Manoj |date=12 Apr 2014 |title=Madhu Koda, Bagun Sumbrui still call the shots in Singhbhum |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-ranchi/20140412/281706907663747 |work=PressReader |access-date=Jan 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱢ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢᱤᱡ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Hamare Padma: Dr Janum Singh Soy gets Padma Shri Award for preserving Ho language |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBiOG0DT74A |website=YouTube | date=7 May 2023 |publisher=[[DD News]] |access-date=18 September 2023 |quote=Ethnicity mentioned between 2:10 to 2:15 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱵᱟᱜᱩᱱ ᱥᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱟᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/jun/29/ranchi-diary-1835300.html | title=Ranchi diary| date=29 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]]</text>
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| group            = ᱦᱳ
| population       = {{circa|᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ}}
| total_ref        = {{efn|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑,᱗᱓᱓,᱓᱕᱕), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱑,᱐᱓᱓,᱐᱙᱕ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕,᱒᱕᱑ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱖᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|website=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, India|access-date=15 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| total_year       = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| image            = Ho Tribal Lady.jpg
| caption          = ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱾
| popplace         = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| region2          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop2             = ᱙᱒᱘,᱒᱘᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region3          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
| pop3             = ᱗᱐᱕,᱖᱑᱘&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region4          = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop4             = ᱒᱓,᱔᱘᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| region5          = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
| pop5             = ᱗᱑᱕&lt;ref 
name=&quot;Cen2011&quot; /&gt;
| languages        = [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]
| religions        = {{hlist|[[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]}}
| related          = {{hlist|[[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] | [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] | [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] | [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] }}
| footnotes        = ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱠᱳᱞ, ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ-ᱠᱳᱞ]]''' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title= Kolha |url=https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |publisher=Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Odisha |year=2018 |isbn=978-93-80705-56-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921094725/https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|
| native_name      = ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱞ
| native_name_lang = 
| flag             = 
}}

'''ᱦᱳ''' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ]] [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐.᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱗.᱓% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|title = Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], [[ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JharkhandData&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_jharkhand.pdf |title = Jharkhand: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes |access-date= 6 March 2008 |work= Census of India 2001 |publisher= Census Commission of India }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐᱖,᱙᱒᱑ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusST2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribal&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Scheduled Tribals |url=https://tribal.nic.in/ST/Tribal%20Profile.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in |access-date=30 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=High hopes for Ho |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-Ho/articleshow/9275704.cms |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 July 2011 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://mattersindia.com/2015/02/journeying-together-with-ho-tribes-in-odisha/ | title=Journeying together with Ho tribes in Odisha| date=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hoc |title= Ho: A Language of India | access-date= 14 October 2017 |work= Ethnologue | publisher= SIL International }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mohan|first1=Shailendra|editor1-last=Hashnain|editor1-first=Imtiaz|editor2-last=Bagga-Gupta|editor2-first=Sangeeta|editor3-last=Mohan|editor3-first=Shailendra|title=Linguistic Identity and Language Preferences Among the Austro-Asiatic Language Speakers of Jharkhand|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781443847162|pages=286–303|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/download/45589677/linguistic_identity_and_language_preference.pdf|access-date=9 October 2017|chapter=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==
{{main|ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}}
ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱳᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱦᱳ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱣᱡᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ|ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨᱟ, [[ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱙᱒% ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethno /&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Hoffman|first1=Paul|title=(Re)inventing writing: stories and histories|page=5|url=http://www.hoffmancommapaul.com/papers/lis470/re-inventing-writing.pdf|website=hoffmancommapaul.com|access-date=16 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ==
[[File:OpenSpeaks-Hoc-Ruum Sakam-Sunaram Singh Tiyu-Cultivation.webm|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ]]

ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱡᱟᱹᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱠᱚ, ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ, ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
 
ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱥᱤᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Srinivasan, N.R., ''History of The Indian Iron and Steel Company'', 1983, p. 137&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱩᱣᱟ, ᱱᱳᱣᱟᱢᱩᱱᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱾
== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
*[[ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Balmuchu |first1=Pradeep Kumar |date=31 May 2018 |url=http://rsdebate.nic.in/rsdebate56/handle/123456789/683309?viewItem=browse |title=Demand to include the language 'Ho' spoken in Jharkhand, in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution |journal=Parliament of India |access-date=Jan 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ
* [[ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/130417/tribal-girl-lipika-singh-darai-from-odisha-wins-4-national-awards-in-7-years.html|title=Tribal girl Lipika Singh Darai from Odisha wins 4 National Awards in 7 years|date=13 April 2017|publisher=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱚᱱ ᱜᱤᱞᱩᱣᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=''हो'' भाषा को संविधान की आठवीं अनुसूची में शामिल करने की मांग के साथ जंतर मंतर पर प्रदर्शन |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/saraikela-kharsawan/1229312 |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=Prabhat Khabar |date=3 December 2018 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref name=&quot;Thaker&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Thaker|first1=Jayesh|title=Poll Power Trips Geeta Koda means business|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128004020/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 November 2014|access-date=11 November 2017|work=The Telegraph India|date=28 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] - ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] &lt;ref name=&quot;Thaker&quot; /&gt;
*[[ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱝᱠᱩ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Choudhary |first1=Manoj |date=12 Apr 2014 |title=Madhu Koda, Bagun Sumbrui still call the shots in Singhbhum |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-ranchi/20140412/281706907663747 |work=PressReader |access-date=Jan 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱢ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢᱤᱡ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Hamare Padma: Dr Janum Singh Soy gets Padma Shri Award for preserving Ho language |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBiOG0DT74A |website=YouTube | date=7 May 2023 |publisher=[[DD News]] |access-date=18 September 2023 |quote=Ethnicity mentioned between 2:10 to 2:15 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱵᱟᱜᱩᱱ ᱥᱩᱢᱵᱨᱟᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/jun/29/ranchi-diary-1835300.html | title=Ranchi diary| date=29 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]]</text>
      <sha1>gb295m6xb7wowhycm68aegv2kmhkikj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9646</id>
    <revision>
      <id>191257</id>
      <parentid>174128</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T14:47:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>not needed because not translated</comment>
      <origin>191257</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6119" sha1="jf58oc9u4ay4zav2mvdbvov2tnwjeui" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name  = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&lt;br/&gt;International Workers' Day
|type          = International
|longtype      =
|image         = 1.Mai 2013 (8697603319).jpg
|caption       = [[Vienna]], [[Austria]], 2013
|official_name = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
|nickname      = ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
|duration      = 1 day
|frequency     = Annual
|scheduling    = same day each year
|date          = ᱑ ᱢᱮ
|celebrations  = ᱱᱟᱱᱟᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ; ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱰ, ᱨᱮᱞᱤ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱩ
|relatedto     = {{hlist | [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ|ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] | [[ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]}}
}}
'''ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ '''ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ&lt;ref name=GMGApr2008/&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ '''ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ''' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Rothman|first1=Lily|title=The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers|url=https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/|access-date=2 May 2017|magazine=Time|publisher=Time Magazine|date=1 May 2017|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628180755/https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Grant|first1=Jordan|title=May 1st Day: America's traditional, radical, complicated holiday|url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/may-day-americas-traditional-radical-complicated-holiday-part-1|website=The National Museum of American History|date=28 April 2016|access-date=2 May 2017|archive-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501211426/https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/may-day-americas-traditional-radical-complicated-holiday-part-1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱣ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ, ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱘᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

== ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ==
᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱢᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱘ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ (ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱴᱟ) ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱪᱤᱦᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱚᱢ-ᱮ ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱞᱮᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱛᱩᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱟᱞᱡᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ==
[[ᱟᱞᱡᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱫᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 

== ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ==
[[File:DSC 1498 (5676929076).jpg|thumb|DSC 1498 (5676929076)]]

== ᱟᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴᱤᱱᱟ ==
[[ᱟᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴᱤᱱᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱚᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱤᱫᱤᱭ ᱫᱟ ᱾

== ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ==


==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
* {{Commons category-inline|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
* {{Commons category-inline|ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
* [http://www.marxists.org/subject/mayday/index.htm May Day Archive] at the [[Marxists Internet Archive]]
* [http://comtourist.com/history/lenin-mausoleum/photos-lenin-mausoleum/page/7/ Photos of May Day in Red Square during the Soviet Union] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925093545/http://www.comtourist.com/history/lenin-mausoleum/photos-lenin-mausoleum/page/7/ |date=2014-09-25 }}

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:May Day protests]]
[[Category:History of anarchism]]
[[Category:Labor history]]
[[Category:Labour movement]]
[[Category:May observances]]
[[Category:International observances]]
[[Category:Trade unions]]
[[Category:Protests]]
[[Category:Anti-capitalism]]
[[Category:Industrial Workers of the World]]
[[Category:Syndicalism]]
[[Category:Communism]]
[[Category:Socialism]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Russia]]
[[Category:Public holidays in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Sweden]]
[[Category:Public holidays in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Vietnam]]</text>
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    <title>ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱥᱩᱛᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ</title>
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| name               = ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱥᱩᱛᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ
| birth_name         = 
| image              = Tara Sutaria at Sabyasachi event in 2019.jpg
| caption            = ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1995|11|19|df=yes}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Sutaria DOB&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/tara-sutaria-birthday-bash-soty-2-star-inside-photos-5453405/|title=Inside photos from SOTY 2 star Tara Sutaria's birthday bash|work=[[Indian Express]]|author=Kriti Sonali |date=19 November 2018 |access-date=10 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| occupation         = ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ
| years_active       = ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ
| nationality        = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟ.
| alma mater         = [[ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱟᱸᱰᱨᱤᱣ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ,ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ &amp; ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ|ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱟᱸᱰᱨᱤᱣ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ]]
}}
'''ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱥᱩᱛᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙ ᱱᱚᱣᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱕) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ [[ᱰᱤᱥᱱᱮᱭ ᱪᱟᱱᱮᱞ (ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ)|ᱰᱤᱥᱱᱮᱭ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ''ᱵᱤᱜᱽ ᱵᱟᱰᱟ ᱵᱳᱢ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱭᱤᱞᱰ ᱟᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ''[[ᱫᱤ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱴ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱ &amp; ᱠᱚᱵᱤᱨ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱒) ᱟᱨ ''[[ᱚᱭᱮ ᱡᱮᱥᱤ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱓) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ, ''[[ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱸᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱤ ᱭᱮᱨ ᱒]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ  ''[[ᱢᱚᱨᱡᱟᱶᱟ]]'' ᱨᱮ ᱴᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱰᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ  ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ==
ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱑᱙ ᱱᱚᱣᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱳᱨᱳᱣᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] [[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sutaria DOB&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Joginder Tuteja |date=6 May 2019 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/tiger-shroff-incredible-dance-partner-tara-sutaria-student-year-2-co-star/ |title=&quot;Tiger Shroff is an incredible dance partner&quot; – Tara Sutaria on her Student of the Year 2 co-star&quot; |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |accessdate=10 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱶᱲᱟ(twin) ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱛ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ, ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱯᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱴᱮᱞ ᱮᱸᱰ ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱮᱨᱱ ᱰᱟᱱᱥ,[[ᱨᱳᱭᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱰᱟᱱᱥ]], [[ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱴᱮᱞ]] (classical ballet), [[ᱢᱚᱰᱚᱨᱱ ᱰᱟᱱᱥ]] (modern dance) ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱱᱥ]] (Latin American dance) ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱗ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱴᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/here-are-some-interesting-facts-about-student-of-the-year-2-debutante-tara-sutaria/articleshow/63730359.cms?from=mdr|title=Here are some facts about 'Student of the Year 4' debutante Tara Sutaria|work=[[The Times of India]] |author= Pratibha Devasenapathy |date=24 May 2018 |access-date=25 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/tara-sutaria-student-of-the-year-2-photos-videos-5133013/|title=Who is Tara Sutaria?|date=11 April 2018|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=25 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱟᱨᱟ [[ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱟᱸᱰᱨᱤᱣ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ,ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ &amp; ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱪᱞᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Arundhati |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/the-balancing-act/story-817vS90afXAxPpc3xE9SNP.html |title=The balancing act |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |accessdate=27 April 2019 |date=8 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
[[File:Tara Sutaria at an event for Bobbi Brown India.jpg|thumb|upright|᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ]]

ᱛᱟᱨᱟ [[ᱰᱤᱥᱱᱤᱭ ᱪᱟᱱᱮᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱷᱤ.ᱡᱮ. (ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱳᱱᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ)|ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ,ᱟᱰᱵᱷᱚᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽᱢᱮᱸᱴ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ &quot;ᱥᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱ ᱛᱷᱨᱳ ᱢᱟᱸᱭ ᱯᱷᱤᱝᱜᱚᱨᱥ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱣᱤᱱᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱣᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ]],ᱴᱳᱠᱭᱳ,ᱞᱟᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱞᱳ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱥ,ᱢᱤᱠᱤᱭ ᱢᱟᱠᱞᱤᱭᱮᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ &quot;ᱯᱳᱜᱳ ᱟᱢᱟᱡᱤᱝ ᱠᱤᱰᱥ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ&quot; ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ. ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱫᱤ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱴ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷ ᱚᱯᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱ &amp; ᱠᱚᱵᱤᱨ]]'' ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱬᱤ ᱟᱨ ''[[ᱚᱭᱮ ᱡᱮᱥᱤ]]'' ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱟᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-brat-pack/1189090/|title=The brat pack - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/press-releases/disney-channel-launches-all-new-family-sitcom-the-suite-life-of-karan-and-kabir-on-april-8-112040500097_1.html|title=Disney Channel launches all new family sitcom: 'The Suite Life of Karan and Kabir' on April 8|date=5 April 2012|via=Business Standard|newspaper=Business Standard India}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱟᱞᱟᱫᱽᱫᱤᱱ (᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱟᱞᱟᱫᱽᱫᱤᱱ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱙) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱢᱤ ᱥᱠᱳᱴ]] ᱨᱳᱞ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Ford|first1=Rebecca|last2=Galuppo|first2=Mia|title='Aladdin': Disney Struggles to Find Stars for Its Live-Action Movie|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/aladdin-movie-disney-struggles-find-stars-1019690|accessdate=11 July 2017|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=11 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ, [[ᱯᱩᱱᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱞᱦᱳᱛᱨᱟ]]-ᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱱ ᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟ ''[[ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱸᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱭᱮᱨ ᱒]]'' ᱨᱮ  [[ᱨᱟᱭᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱨᱚᱯᱷ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱚᱱᱟᱱᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱳᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱭᱩᱥ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱸᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱭᱮᱨ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱒) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/student-of-the-year-2-movie-review-rating-tiger-shroff-5721050/ |title=Student of the Year 2 review: Everything is dispiritedly familiar |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=10 May 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510102515/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/student-of-the-year-2-movie-review-rating-tiger-shroff-5721050/ |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱤᱢᱮᱞ ᱰᱮᱵᱤᱴ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations|title=Nominations for Filmfare Awards 2020|work=Filmfare|accessdate=3 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱠᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5039 |title=Student Of The Year 2 Drops In Week Two |date=24 May 2019 |website=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=26 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ==
=== ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;| 
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- 
! text-align:center;&quot;|ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
! text-align:center;&quot;|ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ
! text-align:center;&quot;|ᱨᱳᱞ
! text-align:center;&quot;|ᱱᱳᱴᱥ
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱙
| ''[[Student of the Year 2]]''
|Mridula &quot;Mia&quot; Chawla
|Nominated—[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut]]
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱙
| ''[[Marjaavaan]]''
|Zoya
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱒᱐
| style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;| ''[[Tadap (2020 film)|Tadap]]''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
|Mishka
|Filming&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1158749100789006337|title=Filming begins... Glimpses from mahurat ceremony... Ahan Shetty - son of Suniel Shetty - begins his journey in #Hindi films with the #Hindi adaptation of #Telugu film #RX100... Costars Tara Sutaria... Directed by Milan Luthria... Produced by Sajid Nadiadwala.|publisher=|accessdate=6 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- 
! text-align:center;&quot;|ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
! text-align:center;&quot;|ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ
! text-align:center;&quot;|ᱨᱳᱞ
! text-align:center;&quot;|ᱱᱳᱴᱥ
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱐
|''[[Big Bada Boom]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://corporate.disney.in/sites/default/files/press-releases/pdfs/DISNEY%20CHANNEL%C3%ADS%20NEWEST%20STARS%20ZAIN%2C%20TARA%20AND%20MURTUZA%20ON%20%C3%ABBIG%20BADA%20BOOM%C3%AD%20ALL%20THIS%20SUMMER.pdf|title=Disney to launch &quot;Big Bada Boom|accessdate=21 December 2019|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615092500/http://corporate.disney.in/sites/default/files/press-releases/pdfs/DISNEY%20CHANNEL%C3%ADS%20NEWEST%20STARS%20ZAIN,%20TARA%20AND%20MURTUZA%20ON%20%C3%ABBIG%20BADA%20BOOM%C3%AD%20ALL%20THIS%20SUMMER.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Herself
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱑
|''[[Entertainment Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/soty-2-actress-tara-sutaria-in-her-teens-did-four-tv-shows-including-entertainment-ke-liye-kuch-bhi-karega-864273|title='SOTY 2' actress Tara Sutaria in her teens did four TV shows including 'Entertainment Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega'|first=Shruti|last=Srivastava|date=11 April 2018|website=news.abplive.com|accessdate=20 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Herself
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱒
|''[[Best of Luck Nikki]]''
|Nina/Tina
|Cameo
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱒
|''[[The Suite Life of Karan &amp; Kabir]]''
| Vinita &quot;Vinnie&quot; Mishra&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
| 
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱓
|''[[Oye Jassie]]''
|Jaspreet &quot;Jassie&quot; Singh&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱓
|''[[Shake It Up (Indian TV series)|Shake It Up]]''
|Herself
|Cameo
|}

===Music video===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- 
! text-align:center;&quot;|ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
! text-align:center;&quot;|ᱧᱩᱛᱭᱢ
! text-align:center;&quot;|ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ
|-
|᱒᱐᱒᱐
|&quot;[[Masakali 2.0]]&quot;
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Masakali 2.0 teaser out: Sidharth Malhotra romancing Tara Sutaria is Marjaavaan 2.0 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/masakali-2-0-teaser-out-sidharth-malhotra-romancing-tara-sutaria-is-marjaavaan-2-0-1664296-2020-04-07 |accessdate=7 April 2020 |work=India Today |date=7 April 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟ.ᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sutaria, Tara}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]</text>
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    <title>ᱥᱳᱱᱟᱠᱷᱥᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱦᱟ</title>
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{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱥᱳᱱᱟᱠᱷᱥᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱦᱟ
| image              = Sonakshi Sinha - IIFA 2017 Green Carpet (35586491213) (cropped).jpg
| caption            = [[᱑᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ-ᱟᱜ ᱟᱭ.ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱮ. ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ|᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱟᱭ.ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱮ. ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱱᱟᱠᱷᱥᱤ
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|6|2}}&lt;ref name=&quot;DOB&quot;/&gt;
| birth_place        = [[ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ]], [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| alma_mater         = [[ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱱ.ᱰᱤ.ᱴᱤ. ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ.ᱜᱟᱲ]]
| occupation         = ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ, ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱤᱠᱟ.ᱨᱤᱭᱟ.
| years_active       = ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ
| parents            = [[ᱯᱳᱱᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱱᱦᱟ]] &lt;br/&gt; [[ᱥᱚᱛᱨᱩᱜᱷᱱᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱦᱟ]]
}}

'''ᱥᱳᱱᱟᱠᱷᱥᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱟᱦ''' ({{IPA-hns|soːnaːkʂiː sɪnɦaː|pron}}; ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱘᱗) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟ. ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱤᱠᱟ.ᱨᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author1=Joginder Tuteja|title=Sonakshi Sinha Turns Singer-Rapper|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/Sonakshi-Sinha-Turns-Singer-Rapper/2015/12/31/article3203720.ece|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|accessdate=3 January 2016|date=31 December 2015|archive-date=12 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312002553/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/Sonakshi-Sinha-Turns-Singer-Rapper/2015/12/31/article3203720.ece|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱭᱩᱢ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ''[[ᱫᱚᱵᱟᱝ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱐) ᱦᱟᱛᱮᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱟᱵ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱩᱭ  [[ᱯᱦᱤᱞᱢ ᱯᱦᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱣᱨᱟᱰ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱢᱮᱞ ᱰᱮᱵᱭᱩᱴ]] ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Salman Khan hosts an impromptu birthday bash for Sonakshi Sinha|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/salman-hosts-an-impromptu-birthday-bash-for-sonakshi-sinha/16260195|accessdate=12 October 2017|author=Gaurav Dubey|work=[[Mid Day]]|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053719/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/salman-hosts-an-impromptu-birthday-bash-for-sonakshi-sinha/16260195|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱳᱱᱟᱠᱷᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱨᱟᱣᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱴᱷᱳᱨ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱒), ''[[ᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱚᱨᱫᱟᱨ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱒), ''[[ᱫᱚᱵᱟᱝ ᱒]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱒) ᱟᱨ ''[[ᱦᱚᱞᱤᱰᱮ : ᱮ ᱥᱳᱞᱡᱟᱨ ᱤᱡᱽ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱰᱭᱩᱴᱤ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱔) ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ''[[ᱞᱳᱴᱮᱨᱟ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱓) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱴ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;The Times of India 2014&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Sonakshi Sinha: Year since 'Lootera', appreciation hasn't stopped|work=The Times of India|date=5 July 2014|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sonakshi-Sinha-Year-since-Lootera-appreciation-hasnt-stopped/articleshow/37838144.cms|agency=IANS|accessdate=28 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714174734/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sonakshi-Sinha-Year-since-Lootera-appreciation-hasnt-stopped/articleshow/37838144.cms|archivedate=14 July 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/shatrughan-sinha-breaks-down-after-watching-daughter-sonakshi-in-lootera/1139060/|title=Shatrughan Sinha breaks down after watching daughter Sonakshi in Lootera|work=Indian Express|accessdate=12 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/no-one-doubted-capacity-actor-past-well-sonakshi-sinha-akira-appreciation/&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ''[[ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱙) ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱳᱨᱴᱤᱝ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟ.ᱜᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱟ.ᱞᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱣᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sonakshi Sinha|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/actor.php?actorid=65|accessdate=8 March 2018|website=[[Box Office India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱳᱱᱟᱠᱷᱥᱤ-ᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟ.ᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱢᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ (ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱨ)|ᱤᱢᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ]]-ᱟᱜ ''[[ᱛᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱕) ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ &quot;ᱞᱮᱴᱥ ᱥᱮᱞᱤᱵᱽᱨᱮᱴ&quot; ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾  ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ &quot;[[ᱟᱡᱽ ᱢᱳᱰ ᱤᱥᱠᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱦᱮᱭ]]&quot; ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱣᱫᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾

==ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱥᱳᱱᱟᱠᱷᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;DOB&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ [[ᱥᱚᱛᱨᱩᱜᱷᱱᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱦᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱳᱱᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱱᱦᱟ]] (née Chandiramani) ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱠᱤᱱ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱭᱟᱥᱛᱷᱟ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱥᱷᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Pradhan S. Bharati |title=It's work first for Sonakshi |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1120610/jsp/7days/story_15591857.jsp |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)]] |date=12 June 2012 |accessdate=30 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱚ [[ᱢᱮᱴᱵᱚᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱸᱴ|ᱮᱢ.ᱯᱤ.]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;DOB&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/shotgun-junior-sonakshi-sinha-turns-26_135886.html|title='Shotgun Junior' Sonakshi Sinha turns 26!|work=Zee News|accessdate=12 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://m.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/sonakshi-sinha-s-birthday-with-fans-8785/slide/2|title=Sonakshi Sinhas birthday with fans|publisher=NDTV|accessdate=3 October 2014|archive-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816105414/http://m.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/sonakshi-sinha-s-birthday-with-fans-8785/slide/2|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱱᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱮ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱟᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱶᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ; [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱦᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱩᱥᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱦᱟ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱠᱤᱱ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟ.ᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱱ.ᱰᱤ.ᱴᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ.ᱜᱟᱲ|ᱥᱨᱤᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱱᱟᱛᱷᱤᱵᱟᱭᱤ ᱫᱟᱢᱳᱫᱚᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ.ᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱮᱢᱞᱤᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱛᱷᱟᱞᱫᱟᱥ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱡᱩᱭᱮᱴ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Just How educated are our Bollywood heroines?|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-just-how-educated-are-bollywood-heroines/20120118.htm#11|website=[[Rediff.com]]|accessdate=12 October 2017|date=18 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Key
| style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films and series that have not yet been released
|}

=== ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; 
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; 
! scope=&quot;col&quot;|ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ 
! scope=&quot;col&quot;|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ
! scope=&quot;col&quot;|ᱨᱳᱞ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |ᱱᱳᱴᱥ
|-
| 2010 
!scope=row| ''[[Dabangg]]'' 
| Rajjo Pandey
|Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | 2012
!scope=row| ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'' 
| Paro
|
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Joker (2012 film)|Joker]]''
| Diva
|
|-
!scope=row| ''[[OMG – Oh My God]]'' 
| Herself
| Special appearance in song &quot;Go Go Govinda&quot;
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Son of Sardaar]]''
| Sukhmeet Kaur Sandhu
|
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Dabangg 2]]'' 
| Rajjo Pandey
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | 2013 
!scope=row| ''[[Himmatwala (2013 film)|Himmatwala]]'' 
| Herself
| Special appearance in song: &quot;Thank God It's Friday&quot;
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Lootera]]'' 
| Pakhi Roy Chaudhary
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actress
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Once Upon A Time In Mumbai Dobaara]]'' 
| Jasmine Sheikh
|
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Boss (2013 Hindi film)|Boss]]'' 
| Herself
| Special appearance in songs: &quot;Party All Night&quot; and &quot;Har Kisi Ko&quot;
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Bullett Raja]]'' 
| Mitali
|
|-
!scope=row| ''[[R... Rajkumar]]'' 
| Chanda
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2014 
!scope=row| ''[[Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty]]'' 
| Saiba Thapar
|
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Action Jackson (2014 film)|Action Jackson]]''
| Kushi
|
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Lingaa]]'' 
| Mani Bharathi
| [[Tamil language|Tamil Film]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2015
!scope=row| ''[[Tevar]]''
| Radhika Mishra
|
|-
!scope=row| ''[[All Is Well (2015 film)|All Is Well]]''
|Herself
|Special appearance in song &quot;Nachan Farrate&quot;
|- 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2016 
!scope=row| ''[[Akira (2016 Hindi film)|Akira]]''
| Akira 
| 
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Force 2]]'' 
| Kamaljit Kaur
| 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2017
!scope=row| ''[[Noor (film)|Noor]]'' 
| Noor Roy Chaudhary
| Also playback singer of song &quot;Move Your Lakk&quot;
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Ittefaq (2017 film)|Ittefaq]]'' 
| Maya
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2018
!scope=row| ''[[Welcome to New York (2018 film)|Welcome to New York]]''
| Jinal Patel
|
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Happy Phirr Bhag Jayegi]]''
| Harpreet
|
|-
!scope=row| ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana: Phir Se]]''
|Herself
| Special appearance in song 'Rafta Rafta'
|-
|rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|2019
!scope=&quot;row&quot;| ''[[Total Dhamaal]]''
| Herself
| Special appearance in song 'Mungda'
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot;| ''[[Kalank]]''
| Satya Chaudhry
|
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Khandaani Shafakhana]]''
| Babita &quot;Baby&quot; Bedi
| 
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Mission Mangal]]''
| Eka Gandhi
| 
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Laal Kaptaan]]''
| Noor Bai
|
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Dabangg 3]]''
| Rajjo Pandey
|
|-
|-
|rowspan=&quot;1&quot;|2020
!scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Ghoomketu]]''
|Herself
|Special appearance
|-
|rowspan=&quot;1&quot;|2020
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot;|''[[Bhuj: The Pride of India]]''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
|Sunderben Jetha Madharparya
|Filming&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bhuj-the-pride-of-india-goes-on-floors-in-hyderabad-sanjay-dutt-starts-shooting-for-war-drama-6875441.html|title=Bhuj: The Pride of India goes on floors in Hyderabad; Sanjay Dutt starts shooting for war drama|work= Firstpost.com|date=25 June 2019|accessdate=25 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Show
!Channel
!Role
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|[[Indian Idol]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Sony TV]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Judge
|-
|[[Indian Idol Junior]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|[[Nach Baliye]]
|[[Star Plus]]
|-
|[[Om Shanti Om (TV series)|Om Shanti Om]]
|[[Star Bharat]]
|}

=== ᱣᱮᱵᱽ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Show
!Role
!Platform
!Ref
|-
|2019
|[[Myntra#Digital Reality Show (Fashion Influencer)|Myntra Fashion Superstar]]
|Judge
|[[Myntra]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/lifestyle/article/myntra-fashion-superstar-top-looks-from-the-3-judges-that-we-are-crushing-on/506750|title=Myntra Fashion Superstar: Top looks from the 3 judges that we are crushing on|website=www.timesnownews.com|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.republicworld.com/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/sonakshi-sinha-the-actor-is-a-judge-on-myntra-fashion-superstar|title=Sonakshi Sinha: The actor is a judge on the show Fashion Superstar|last=World|first=Republic|website=Republic World.|access-date=2019-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/the-zoom-studios-myntra-join-hands-to-launch-digital-fashion-reality-show/articleshow/69930918.cms|title=The Zoom Studios, Myntra join hands to launch digital fashion reality show|date=2019-06-24|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/sonakshi-sinha-turns-judge-for-the-upcoming-fashion-reality-show-myntras-fashion-superstar-231252|title=Sonakshi Sinha turns judge for the upcoming fashion reality show 'Myntra's Fashion Superstar'|website=WION|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==ᱰᱤᱥᱠᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! ᱟᱞᱵᱚᱢ/ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ !! ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ !! ᱨᱟᱦᱟ !! ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱞ !! ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ
|-
|''[[Tevar]]''
|&quot;Let's Celebrate&quot;
||[[Imran Khan (singer)|Imran Khan]]
|[[Eros Music]]
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2015
|-
|Single
| [[Aaj Mood Ishqholic Hai]] ||[[Meet Bros]]
|rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] 
|-
|''[[Akira (2016 Hindi film)|Akira]]''
|Rajj Rajj Ke
|[[Vishal-Shekhar]]
||2016
|-
|''[[Noor (film)|Noor]]''
|Move Your Lakk
|[[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
|2017
|-
|''[[Happy Phirr Bhag Jayegi]]''
|Chin Chin Choo (Remake)
|[[Sohail Sen]]
|[[Saregama]]
|2018
|-
|''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana Phir Se]]''
|Rafta Rafta Dekho Medley
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
|[[Saregama]]
|2018
|}

==ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | ᱛᱷᱚᱠ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | ᱚᱨᱡᱚ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |2011
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Apsara Film &amp; Television Producers Guild Awards]]
|[[Apsara Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |''[[Dabangg]]''|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Winners of 6th Apsara Film &amp; Television Producers Guild Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-of-6th-apsara-film-television-producers-guild-awards/|publisher=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=11 January 2011|accessdate=12 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;filmfare&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/scoops/11/jan/31-56th-filmfare-awards-2010-a-night-of-glitz-n-glamour-011105.asp|title=56th Filmfare Awards 2010, A Night of Glitz N' Glamour|date=29 January 2011|accessdate=12 October 2017|publisher=Glamsham.com. Fifth Quarter Infomedia Pvt. Ltd}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|[[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year&amp;nbsp;– Female|Star Debut of the Year&amp;nbsp;– Female]]
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref name=iifa&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/06/26/7642/index.html|title=Winners of the IIFA Awards 2011|date=26 June 2011|accessdate=10 July 2011|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721005826/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/06/26/7642/index.html|archivedate=21 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Lions Gold Awards]]
|Favourite Debutant Actress
|{{won}}
|
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Star Screen Awards]]
|[[Star Screen Award for Most Promising Newcomer – Female|Most Promising Newcomer – Female]]
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Winners of 17th Annual Star Screen Awards 2011|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-of-17th-annual-star-screen-awards-2011/|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|date=6 July 2011|accessdate=12 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Stardust Awards]]
|[[Stardust Award for Superstar of Tomorrow – Female|Superstar of Tomorrow – Female]]
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.magnamags.com/content/view/7594/358/lang,english/|title=StardustAwardWinner2011|date=9 February 2011|accessdate=11 March 2011|publisher=Magnus Mags|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110419052226/http://www.magnamags.com/content/view/7594/358/lang,english/|archivedate=19 April 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Stardust Award for Best Thriller/Action Actress|Best Thriller/Action Actress]]
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref name=stardust&gt;{{cite web|title=Nominations of Stardust Awards 2011|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-of-stardust-awards-2011/|publisher=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=22 January 2011|accessdate=12 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Hrithik, SRK Top Zee Cine Awards&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/hrithik-srk-top-zee-cine-awards/story-QRCWE64VdmhhjEmJJNR1fJ.html|title=Hrithik, SRK top Zee Cine Awards|date=15 January 2011|accessdate=12 October 2017|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]|publisher=HT Media Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best International Female Icon
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Hrithik, SRK Top Zee Cine Awards&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2013
|[[People's Choice Awards India]]
|Favorite Youth Movie Icon
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |—|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards India]]
|Best Movie Actress
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/kcaindia/best-actor.php#best-actress|title=KCA India Nominees 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128020020/http://www.nickindia.com/kcaindia/best-actor.php#best-actress|archivedate=28 January 2015|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[People's Choice Awards India]]
|Favorite Movie Actress
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[Rowdy Rathore]]''
|{{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Stardust Awards]]
|Best Thriller/Action Actress
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Stardust 2013&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-stardust-awards-2013/|title=Nominations for Stardust Awards 2013|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=12 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best Thriller/Action Actress
|''[[Dabangg 2]]''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|[[Stardust Award for Best Comedy – Romance Actress|Best Comedy/Romance Actress]]
|''[[Son of Sardar]]''
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Stardust 2013&quot;/&gt;
|-
|2013
|[[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]
|Most Entertaining Actor in a Comedy Film – Female
|''[[Son of Sardar]]''
|{{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |2014
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; was |[[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]
|Most Entertaining Actor in a Romantic Role - Female
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |''[[Lootera]]''
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Deepika Padukone bags three BIG Star Entertainment awards|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2013/dec/311213-deepika-padukone-bags-three-big-star-entertainment-awards.htm|accessdate=12 October 2017|newspaper=Mid-Day|date=31 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[BIG Star Most Entertaining Film Actor – Female|Most Entertaining Film Actor – Female]]
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Nominations for 4th Big Star Entertainment Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-4th-big-star-entertainment-awards/|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=12 October 2017|date=12 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=59th Idea Filmfare Awards Nominations|url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/59th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations-5138.html|accessdate=12 October 2017|work=Filmfare|date=13 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Producers Guild Film Awards|Apsara Film &amp; Television Producers Guild Awards]]
| [[Apsara Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]] 
| {{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=9th Renault Apsara Awards Nominees|url=http://starguildawards.org/9th_renault_apsara_awards_nominees.html|publisher=Apsara Awards|accessdate=16 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116111739/http://starguildawards.org/9th_renault_apsara_awards_nominees.html|archive-date=16 January 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Screen Awards]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{nom}}
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://screenawards.indianexpress.com/nominations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108081346/http://screenawards.indianexpress.com/nominations|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 January 2014|title=Nominations, Screen Awards Nominees, Photos, Screen Nominations 2014|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=3 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Screen Award for Best Actress|Popular Choice (Female)]]
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/20th-annual-screen-awards-2014-the-complete-list-of-nominees/444093-8-66.html|title=20th Annual Screen Awards 2014: The complete list of nominees|work=IBNLive|accessdate=3 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007111425/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/20th-annual-screen-awards-2014-the-complete-list-of-nominees/444093-8-66.html|archivedate=7 October 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Zee Cine Awards]]
| [[Zee Cine Award – Critics' Choice Best Actress|Best Actress (Critics)]]
| {{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Zee Cine Awards 2014: Complete list of nominations|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2014/zee-cine-awards-2014-complete-list-of-nominations_150384.html|author=Aparna Mudi|accessdate=12 October 2017|publisher=Zee News|date=6 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|[[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Nominations for IIFA Awards 2014|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-iifa-awards-2014/|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=12 October 2017|date=20 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|[[Stardust Awards]]
|[[Stardust Award for Best Thriller/Action Actress|Best Thriller/Action Actress]]
|''[[Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty]]''
|{{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2017
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
[[BIG Star Entertainment Awards|BIG Zee Entertainment Awards]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Most Entertaining Actor in an Action Film – Male/Female
|   ''[[Force 2]]''
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;bizasialive.com&quot;&gt;https://www.bizasialive.com/big-zee-entertainment-awards-nominations-list/&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|  ''[[Akira (2016 Hindi film)|Akira]]''
|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;bizasialive.com&quot;/&gt;
|}

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{reflist}}

==ᱵᱟ.ᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
{{commons category|Sonakshi Sinha}}
* {{IMDb name|3848064}}
* [http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/sonakshi-sinha/ Sonakshi Sinha] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Sonakshi Sinha
|list=
{{FilmfareAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{IIFAAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{ScreenAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestActorFemale}}
{{Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Sonakshi}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian voice actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Bihar]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Female models from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian costume designers]]
[[Category:Actresses from Patna]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Patna]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:SNDT Women's University alumni]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Indian women fashion designers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian designers]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Bihar]]
[[Category:Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱜᱳᱵᱤᱱᱫᱟ</title>
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      <text bytes="3430" sha1="h6olfxn7fxm3ux7loc3rsnpi3yfcp67" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name = ᱜᱳᱵᱤᱱᱫᱟ
| nickname = Chi Chi, Hero No.1&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.cosmopolitan.in/celebrity/a9883/we-bet-you-didnt-know-these-20-bollywood-pet-names/ |title=20 Bollywood Stars and their nick names revealed |work=Cosmopolitian |access-date=15 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730112908/http://www.cosmopolitan.in/celebrity/a9883/we-bet-you-didnt-know-these-20-bollywood-pet-names/ |archive-date=30 July 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Govinda snapped at trailer launch of the film Fry Day (cropped).jpg
| imagesize = 
| caption = Govinda in 2018
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Mumbai North (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Mumbai North]]
| term_start = 2004
| term_end = 2009
| predecessor = [[Ram Naik]]
| successor = [[Sanjay Nirupam]]
| birth_name = Govind Arun Ahuja
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1963|12|21}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=K. Jha|first1=Subhash|authorlink1=Subhash K. Jha|title=Govinda turns 50|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5931|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=21 April 2016|date=21 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Birthday special quiz: How well do you know Govinda?|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/birthday-special-quiz-how-well-do-you-know-govinda/15856151|website=[[Mid Day]]|accessdate=21 April 2016|date=21 December 2015|archive-date=26 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426231224/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/birthday-special-quiz-how-well-do-you-know-govinda/15856151|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Sharma|first1=Dhriti |title='Hero No 1' Govinda turns 51!|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/hero-no-1-govinda-turns-51_1518225.html|website=[[Zee News]]|accessdate=21 April 2016|date=21 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_place = [[Bombay]] (present day Virar, Western Suburban Mumbai), [[Maharashtra]], India
| citizenship = Indian
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = {{married|Gurmant Sangha|1987}}
| blank1 = Years active
| data1 = 1986–present
| children = [[Tina Ahuja]]&lt;br /&gt;
Yashvardan Ahuja&lt;ref&gt;Lohana, Avinash (28 January 2017) [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Govindas-son-Yashvardhan-preparing-to-enter-Bollywood/articleshow/52122449.cms Govinda's son Yashvardhan preparing to enter Bollywood]. ''Times of India''.&lt;/ref&gt;
| parents = [[Arun Kumar Ahuja]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Nirmala Devi]]
| residence = [[Juhu]], [[Mumbai]], India
| religion = &lt;!--Must be reliably sourced--&gt;
| relatives = See [[List of Hindi film clans#Govinda family|Govinda family]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2013/oct/241013-govinda-wants-to-see-his-niece-ragini-khannas-punjabi-film.htm Govinda wants to see his niece Ragini Khanna's Punjabi film] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106235432/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2013/oct/241013-govinda-wants-to-see-his-niece-ragini-khannas-punjabi-film.htm |date=2014-01-06 }}. Mid-day.com (24 October 2013). Retrieved on 2018-09-14.&lt;/ref&gt;
| profession = [[Actor]], [[Film Producer|producer]], [[politician]], [[dance]]r
| signature = 
}}

ᱜᱟᱵᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱵᱚ​ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱠᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ । 

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}</text>
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 | lake_name = ᱛᱤᱞᱤᱪᱳ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱚᱨᱤ
 | image_lake = Tilicho Lake.jpg
 | caption_lake = 
 | image_bathymetry = 
 | caption_bathymetry = 
 | location = [[ᱚᱱᱱᱚᱯᱩᱨᱬᱚ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ]], [[ᱵᱩᱨᱩ]]
 | coords = {{coord|28|41|00|N|83|51|24|E|region:NP_type:waterbody_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}}
 | type = ᱦᱤᱢᱛᱟᱞ
 | inflow = 
 | outflow = 
 | catchment = 
 | basin_countries = ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ
 | length = ᱔ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ
 | width = ᱑.᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ
 | area = ᱔.᱘ km2
 | depth = ᱘᱕ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ 
 | max-depth = 
 | volume = ᱑᱕᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱞᱤᱴᱚᱨ (ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜᱽ)
 | residence_time = 
 | shore = 
 | elevation = ᱔᱙᱑᱙ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ 
 | islands = 
 | District = [[मनाङ जिल्ला|ᱡᱚᱱᱟᱝ]] 
 | frozen = 
}}

'''ᱛᱤᱞᱤᱪᱳ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱚᱨᱤ''' ᱵᱤᱥᱦᱣᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱹ]] ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱱᱚᱯᱸᱨᱬᱚ ᱪᱷᱮᱛᱨᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱩᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔᱙᱑᱙ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱔ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ, ᱩᱥᱟᱨ ᱑.᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

'''ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ:''' ᱛᱤᱞᱤᱪᱳ, ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ, ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱜᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ

'''ᱱᱳᱴ:''' ᱛᱤᱞᱤᱪᱳ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ (ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ) ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱮᱨᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱳᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ  [[ᱴᱤᱴᱤᱠᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱞ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱑᱐᱗ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱨ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Tilicho_panoram2.jpg |ᱛᱤᱞᱤᱪᱳ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱚᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ 
Image:Tilicho_Tal.jpg |ᱛᱤᱞᱤᱪᱳ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮ
File:Tilico Lake 1.jpg|ᱥᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱞᱤᱪᱳ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱚᱨᱤ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.panhala.net/Archive/Tilicho_Lake.html|website=panhala.net|title=Tilicho Lake|access-date=2020-08-12|archive-date=2016-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118112015/http://www.panhala.net/Archive/Tilicho_Lake.html|url-status=dead}} Photo.
*{{cite web|url=http://www.fordon-himalaje2007.pl |website=fordon-himalaje2007|title=Tilicho Lake and Peak 2007 }}
*{{cite web|url=https://adventureboundnepal.com/tilicho-lake-trek.html|website=adventureboundnepal.com|title=Tilicho Lake Trek|access-date=2020-08-12|archive-date=2019-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219020119/https://www.adventureboundnepal.com/tilicho-lake-trek.html|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.dreamhimalayan.com/tilicho-lake-trek.html |website=dreamhimlyan.com |title=Tilicho Lake Trek |access-date=2020-08-12 |archive-date=2019-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219073621/https://www.dreamhimalayan.com/tilicho-lake-trek.html |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.treknepalhimalaya.com/map/tilicho-lake-trekking-map.gif|website=treknepalhimalya.com|title=Tilicho Lake trekking map|access-date=2020-08-12|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070103/http://www.treknepalhimalaya.com/map/tilicho-lake-trekking-map.gif|url-status=dead}}
*[https://www.redcarpetjourney.com/annapurna-circuit-trek/ Annapurna Circuit]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Red Carpet Journey 
*{{cite web|url=https://www.alfrescoadventure.com/tilicho-base-camp-round-annapurna-trekking.html|website=alfrescoadventure.com|title= Tilicho Base Camp Trek/ tilicho lake trek}}

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}
{{Hydrography of Nepal}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]]</text>
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    <title>ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:23:42Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="18456" sha1="euactepvsdijpa5ge2brywvt8ncsu7b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ
| native_name = ''{{lang|cs|Česká republika}}''
| common_name = ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ
| linking_name = the Czech Republic&lt;!--to link to &quot;[Topic] of the Czech Republic&quot; articles--&gt;
| image_flag = Flag of the Czech Republic.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg
| image_map = EU-Czechia.svg
| map_caption = {{map_caption |countryprefix=the |location_color=ᱰᱤᱯ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ |region=Europe |region_color=ᱰᱤᱯ ᱫᱷᱩᱱᱫ |subregion=the European Union |subregion_color=ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ |legend=EU-Czechia.svg}}
| image_map2 = Czech Republic - Location Map (2013) - CZE - UNOCHA.svg
| national_motto = {{native phrase|cs|&quot;[[Truth prevails|Pravda vítězí]]&quot;|italics=off}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|&quot;ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ&quot;}}
| national_anthem = {{vunblist |{{native phrase|cs|[[Kde domov můj?]]|nolink=yes}} |{{raise|0.35em|{{small|''ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ?''}}&amp;nbsp;{{lower|0.2em|&lt;sup&gt;ᱠ&lt;/sup&gt;}}}} |{{center|[[File:Czech anthem.ogg]]}} }}
| official_languages = [[ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱪᱮᱠ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.czech.cz/en/67019-czech-language |title=Czech language |work=Czech Republic – Official website |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic]] |accessdate=14 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106000422/http://www.czech.cz/en/67019-czech-language |archive-date=6 November 2011 |অকার্যকর-ইউআরএল=হ্যাঁ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages_type = {{raise|0.3em |{{nobold|ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;languages&quot;&gt;Citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in front of the courts of law (for the list of recognized minorities see [http://www.vlada.cz/en/pracovni-a-poradni-organy-vlady/rnm/historie-a-soucasnost-rady-en-16666/ National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic], Belorussian and Vietnamese since 4 July 2013, see [http://zpravy.idnes.cz/vietnamci-oficialni-narodnostni-mensinou-fiq-/domaci.aspx?c=A130703_133019_domaci_jj Česko má nové oficiální národnostní menšiny. Vietnamce a Bělorusy]). The article 25 of the Czech [[Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms]] ensures right of the national and ethnic minorities for education and communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (''The Administrative Rule'') in its paragraph 16 (4) (''Procedural Language'') ensures, that a citizen of the Czech Republic, who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, have right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In the case that the administrative agency doesn't have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (''About The Rights of Members of Minorities'') paragraph 9 (''The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law'') the same applies for the members of national minorities also in front of the courts of law.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Slovak language may be considered an official language in the Czech Republic under certain circumstances, which is defined by several laws – e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz. Cited: &quot;Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: &quot;V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském&amp;nbsp;...&quot; (§16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) &quot;Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině&amp;nbsp;...&quot; (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz&lt;/ref&gt;}} }}
| languages =
 {{collapsible list |titlestyle=background:none;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title=ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
  |[[ᱥᱞᱳᱵᱷᱟᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱞᱳᱵᱷᱟᱠ]] |[[ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ]] |[[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱥ]] |[[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱚ]] |[[ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚ]] |[[ᱠᱨᱳᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱨᱳᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] |[[ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱜᱨᱤᱠ]] |[[ᱦᱟᱝᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱟᱝᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚ]] |[[ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ]] |[[ᱨᱩᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱩᱥ]] |[[ᱨᱩᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱩᱥᱟᱱ]] |[[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] |[[ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱᱤᱭᱚ]] |[[ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ]]
 }}
| demonym = [[ᱪᱮᱠ (ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)|ᱪᱮᱠᱥ]]
| ethnic_groups =
 {{vunblist
  | ᱖᱔.᱓% [[ᱪᱮᱠ (ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)|ᱪᱮᱠ]]
  |  ᱒᱕.᱓% ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ
  |  ᱕.᱐% [[ᱢᱳᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱚ (ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)|ᱢᱳᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱚ]]
  |  ᱑.᱔% [[ᱥᱞᱳᱵᱷᱟᱠ (ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)|ᱥᱞᱳᱵᱷᱟᱠ]]
  |  ᱐.᱔% [[Poles]]
 }}
| ethnic_groups_year = ᱒᱐᱑᱔&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Czech Republic Population 2014|url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/czech-republic-population/|publisher=World Population Review|সংগ্রহের-তারিখ=2014-04-14|access-date=2020-09-06|archive-date=2020-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416062045/https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/czech-republic-population/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| religion = {{vunblist |{{longitem|style=line-height:1.15em|᱘᱐% ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ}} |᱑᱐.᱓% [[ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ|ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱟᱞᱤᱠ]]}}
| capital = {{Coat of arms|ᱯᱨᱟᱜᱽ}}
| latd=50 |latm=05 |latNS=N |longd=14 |longm=28 |longEW=E
| largest_city = capital
| government_type = [[ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ]]
| leader_title1 = [[ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱝᱠᱮ |ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱝᱠᱮ]]
| leader_name1 = [[ᱢᱤᱞᱳᱥ ᱡᱮᱢᱟᱱ]]
leader_title2 = [[ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱥᱴ|ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]]
| leader_name2 = [[ᱟᱸᱱᱫᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱤᱥ]]
| legislature = [[ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫ|ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫ]]
| upper_house = [[ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱴ|ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱴ]]
| lower_house = [[ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ|ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ]]
| sovereignty_type = [[ᱪᱮᱠ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ|ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ]]
| established_event1 = {{nowrap|[[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱠ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ|Duchy of Bohemia]]}}
| established_date1 = [[Circa|ᱥᱤ.]] ᱘᱗᱐
| established_event2 = [[ᱵᱳᱦᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]]
| established_date2 = ᱑᱑᱙᱘
| established_event3 = [[ᱪᱮᱠᱳᱥᱞᱳᱵᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟ]]
| established_date3 = ᱒᱘ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱑᱘
| established_event4 = {{nowrap|[[ᱪᱮᱠ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ]]}}
| established_date4 = ᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱖᱙
| established_event5 = [[ᱪᱮᱠᱳᱥᱞᱳᱵᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ|ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ]]
| established_date5 = ᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ 
|established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ|ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ]] [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]]}}
|established_date6 = ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱔
| EUseats = ᱒᱔
| area_rank = ᱑᱑᱖ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ
| area_magnitude = 1_E10
| area_km2 = 78866
| area_sq_mi = 30450 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water = ᱒
| population_estimate = ᱑᱐,᱕᱑᱓,᱒᱐᱙&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Population |url=http://www.czso.cz/eng/redakce.nsf/i/population |publisher=Czech Statistical Office |date=19 October 2012 |সংগ্রহের-তারিখ=19 December 2012 |আর্কাইভের-ইউআরএল=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331091537/http://www.czso.cz/eng/redakce.nsf/i/population |আর্কাইভের-তারিখ=৩১ মার্চ ২০১৪ |অকার্যকর-ইউআরএল=হ্যাঁ |access-date=6 September 2020 |archive-date=31 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331091537/http://www.czso.cz/eng/redakce.nsf/i/population |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = ᱥᱮᱯ ᱒᱐᱑᱒
| population_estimate_rank = ᱘᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ
| population_census = ᱑᱐,᱔᱓᱖,᱕᱖᱐&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scitani.cz/sldb2011/eng/redakce.nsf/i/census_2011_basic_final_results/$File/SLDB-ZAKL-CR_en.xls Census of Population and Housing 2011: Basic final results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234400/http://www.scitani.cz/sldb2011/eng/redakce.nsf/i/census_2011_basic_final_results/$File/SLDB-ZAKL-CR_en.xls |date=2013-01-16 }}. [http://www.czso.cz/eng/redakce.nsf/i/home Czech Statistical Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129060510/http://www.czso.cz/eng/redakce.nsf/i/home |date=2011-01-29 }}. Retrieved on 19 December 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census_year = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_density_km2 = ᱑᱓᱔
| population_density_sq_mi = 341 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = ᱘᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ
| GDP_PPP_year = ᱒᱐᱑᱔
| GDP_PPP = $᱒᱙᱕.᱕᱙᱑ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=26&amp;pr.y=13&amp;sy=2014&amp;ey=2014&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=935&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Czech Republic |publisher=International Monetary Fund |সংগ্রহের-তারিখ=26 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $᱒᱘,᱐᱘᱖&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = $᱑᱙᱘.᱕᱓᱗ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_year = ᱒᱐᱑᱔
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $᱑᱘,᱘᱔᱖&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| Gini_year = ᱒᱐᱑᱒
| Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini = ᱒᱔.᱙ &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=eurogini&gt;{{cite web |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC) |url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12 |publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer |সংগ্রহের-তারিখ=13 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank =
| HDI_year = ᱒᱐᱑᱓&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = ᱛᱷᱤᱨ &lt;!--ᱰᱷᱮᱨ/ᱠᱚᱢ/ᱛᱷᱤᱨ--&gt;
| HDI = ᱐.᱘᱗᱓ &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/CZE.html |title=Human Development Report 2011 |year=2011 |publisher=United Nations |সংগ্রহের-তারিখ=5 November 2011 |আর্কাইভের-ইউআরএল=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603071901/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/CZE.html |আর্কাইভের-তারিখ=৩ জুন ২০১৩ |অকার্যকর-ইউআরএল=হ্যাঁ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = ᱒᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ
| currency = [[ᱪᱮᱠ ᱠᱳᱨᱩᱱᱟ]]
| currency_code = ᱥᱤᱡᱮᱴᱠᱮ
| time_zone = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ|ᱥᱤᱤᱴᱤ]]
| utc_offset = +᱑
| time_zone_DST = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ|ᱥᱤᱤᱮᱥᱴᱤ]]
| utc_offset_DST = +᱒
| drives_on = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ
| calling_code = [[ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ|+᱔᱒᱐]]&lt;sup&gt;ᱡ&lt;/sup&gt;
| cctld = [[.ᱥᱤᱡᱮᱴ]]&lt;sup&gt;ᱢ&lt;/sup&gt;
| footnote_ᱠ = [[ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ|ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ]], ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ &quot;ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ&quot;।
&lt;!--ORPHANED: 30 June 2010 (see {{Wayback |date=20101114043947 |url=http://www.czso.cz/eng/csu.nsf/informace/aoby091310.doc |title=Population changes}}).--&gt;
&lt;!--ORPHANED: Rank based on 2009 IMF data.--&gt;
| footnote_ᱡ = ᱠᱳᱰ ᱔᱒ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱞᱳᱠᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
| footnote_ᱢ = [[.ᱤᱤᱣ]] ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨ ᱮᱫᱟ।
| patron_saint = 
}}

'''ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ''' ([[ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱪᱮᱠ]] : Česká republika ''ᱪᱮᱥᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱯᱩᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠᱟ'') ᱛᱟᱞᱟ [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱛᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ]], ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱥᱞᱳᱵᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱗᱘,᱘᱖᱖ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱢᱤ (᱓᱐,᱔᱕᱐ sq ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱮᱠ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱠ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱨᱟᱜᱽ]] ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱨᱚᱱᱳ, ᱳᱥᱛᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟ, ᱳᱞᱳᱢᱳᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱞᱮᱡᱮᱭᱤᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾

==ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ==

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==

==ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ==

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ==

==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ==

==ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ==

==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ==

==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
{{Sister project links|voy=Czech Republic|ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140914000132/http://www.czech.cz/en/ Czech Republic].
* [http://www.archeolog.cz/encyklopedie/keltove-kelt-keltske/ History of Celts]
* [http://www1.ceses.cuni.cz/benacek/hist%20kniha2.pdf History of Czech Economic and Political Alignments Viewed as a Transition]

; ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ
* [http://www.vlada.cz/en/ Governmental website].
* [http://www.hrad.cz/en/ Presidential website].
* [http://portal.gov.cz/portal/obcan/ Portal of the Public Administration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812061745/http://portal.gov.cz/portal/obcan/ |date=2012-08-12 }}.
* [http://www.senat.cz/index-eng.php Senate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619200956/http://www.senat.cz/index-eng.php |date=2006-06-19 }}.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081210080250/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-c/czech-republic.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members].

; ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱬᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ
*{{CIA World Factbook link|ez|Czech Republic}}
* [http://www.state.gov/p/eur/ci/ez/ Czech Republic] information from the [[United States Department of State]].
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/european/czechr/cz.html Portals to the World] from the United States [[Library of Congress]].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080828073616/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/czechrepublic.htm Czech Republic] at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''.
*{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Czech_Republic}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17220018 Czech Republic profile] from the [[BBC News]]
*{{Wikiatlas|the Czech Republic}}
*{{osmrelation-inline|51684}}
* [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=CZ Key Development Forecasts for the Czech Republic] from [[International Futures]]

; ᱰᱚᱜᱚᱨ
* [http://www.praguepost.com/ The Prague Post].
* [http://aktualne.centrum.cz/czechnews/ CzechNews].
* [http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/ Czech News Agency News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311233917/http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/ |date=2021-03-11 }}.
* [http://praguemonitor.com/ Prague Daily Monitor].
* [http://www.radio.cz/en/ Radio Prague] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112092949/http://www.radio.cz/en/ |date=2017-11-12 }}.

; ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ
* [http://www.czso.cz/eng/redakce.nsf/i/home Czech Statistical Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129060510/http://www.czso.cz/eng/redakce.nsf/i/home |date=2011-01-29 }}.
;ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ
*[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/CZE/Year/2012/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Czech Republic]
; ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱱ
* [http://www.czechtourism.com/Homepage.aspx?lang=en-GB&amp;selectedculture=en-US Czech Tourism] Official travel site of the Czech Republic.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141019054702/http://www.kct.cz/cms/czech-tourist-klub-kct Czech tourist club Official webpage]
==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==</text>
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    <title>ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ</title>
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      <comment>ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ</comment>
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      <text bytes="1388" sha1="rvi3dbzcxzu7jejh97q0a0sczthb620" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|Species of plant}}
{{Italic title}}
{{speciesbox
|name = Kans grass
|image = K5601-19.jpg
|genus = Saccharum
|species = spontaneum
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
[[File:Saccharum spontaneum at the bank of rever Ganges 07102013 01.jpg|thumb|Kans grass (''Saccharum spontaneum'')]]

'''ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱫᱚ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵᱽ ᱜᱷᱩᱴᱩ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ([[ᱵᱟᱭᱱᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ|ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ]]: Saccharum spontaneum ([[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]: काँस kām̥s, [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]]: କାଶତଣ୍ଡି kāśataṇḍi অসমীয়া: কঁহুৱা, খাগৰী kahuwa, khagori)। ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱮᱞᱤᱧ ᱧᱚᱸ-ᱟ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵᱽ ᱰᱷᱤᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱟᱜᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}</text>
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      <text bytes="12882" sha1="3k7n77qmuz2b8hro10ai6qnjby3m8dq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
| settlement_type                 = [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| total_type                      = ᱜᱩᱴ
| native_name                     = 
| image_map                       = Kutch in Gujarat (India).svg
| map_caption                     = ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ
| coordinates                     = 
| coor_pinpoint                   = ᱵᱷᱩᱡᱽ
| subdivision_type                = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name                = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1               = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ]]
| subdivision_type2               = 
| subdivision_name2               = 
| established_title               = ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ
| established_date                = 
| seat_type                       = ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ
| seat                            = [[ᱵᱷᱩᱡᱽ]]
| parts_type                      = ᱛᱚᱦᱥᱤᱞ
| parts_style                     = para
| p1                              = ᱑᱐
| area_total_km2                  = ᱔᱕᱖᱗᱔
| area_footnotes                  = 
| population_as_of                = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_total                = ᱒,᱐᱙᱒,᱓᱗᱑
| population_footnotes            = 
| population_urban                = 
| population_density_km2          = auto
| demographics_type1              = ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
| demographics1_title1            = ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ
| demographics1_info1             = ᱗᱐.᱕᱙
| demographics1_title2            = ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ
| demographics1_info2             = ᱙᱐᱘
| leader_title                    = 
| leader_name                     = 
| leader_title1                   = [[ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ|ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]]
| leader_name1                    = [[ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ (ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟ)|ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ]]
| leader_title2                   = [[ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟ]]
| leader_name2                    = ᱖
| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                     = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| registration_plate              = 
| blank_name_sec1                 = ᱢᱩᱬ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ
| blank_info_sec1                 = ᱑
| blank_name_sec2                 = 
| blank_info_sec2                 = 
| website                         = {{URL|https://kachchh.nic.in/}}
| official_name                   = 
| image_skyline                   = Rann of Kutch - White Desert 2.jpg
| image_caption                   = ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱬ
}}
'''ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ''' ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱔᱕,᱖᱗᱔ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱴᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.vibrantgujarat.com/images/pdf/kutch-district-profile.pdf |title=Kutch |publisher=Vibrantgujarat.com |access-date=17 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021095259/http://www.vibrantgujarat.com/images/pdf/kutch-district-profile.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2012  }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 7, 2020|title=For India’s biggest dist Kutch with 21Lpopulation, only 36 Covid19 tests done|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/cover-story/for-indias-biggest-dist-kutch-with-21lpopulation-only-36-covid19-tests-done/articleshow/75018791.cms|access-date=2020-06-20|website=Ahmedabad Mirror|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐,᱙᱒,᱓᱗᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kutch.gujarat.gov.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://kutch.gujarat.gov.in/about-kutch |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-03-16 |archive-date=2018-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627173454/https://kutch.gujarat.gov.in/about-kutch |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐ ᱛᱟᱞᱩᱠᱟ, ᱙᱓᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kutch.gujarat.gov.in&quot;/&gt; ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ]] ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==


== ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ==
ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱔᱕,᱐᱙᱑.᱘᱙᱕ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱗,᱔᱑᱐.᱐᱗᱘ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱫᱷᱟᱢ]], [[ᱨᱟᱯᱚᱨ]], [[ᱱᱚᱠᱷᱚᱛᱨᱟᱬᱟ]], [[ᱚᱸᱡᱟᱨ]], [[ᱢᱟᱸᱰᱣᱤ]], [[ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱯᱟᱨ]], [[ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱚᱪᱟᱣᱩ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱖᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱰᱩᱸᱜᱚᱨ (ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) ᱔᱕᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑,᱕᱐᱓ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
[[File:A state highway through the Rann of Kutch.jpg|thumb|ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱬ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ]]

== ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ==
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱒,᱐᱙᱒,᱓᱗᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱰᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟ&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Macedonia 2,077,328 July 2011 est. | archive-date = 27 September 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=New Mexico – 2,059,179|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑᱗ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱸᱠᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱜᱩᱴ ᱖᱔᱐ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ) ᱾{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱔᱖ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱒᱐/ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} ᱒᱐᱐᱑ᱼ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱜᱨᱚᱴ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱓᱒.᱑᱖% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱐᱘ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱗᱑.᱕᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=4,88,022|13=1911|14=5,13,429|15=1921|16=4,84,547|17=1931|18=5,20,496|19=1941|20=5,07,880|21=1951|22=5,67,606|23=1961|24=6,96,440|25=1971|26=8,49,769|27=1981|28=10,50,161|29=1991|30=12,62,507|31=2001|32=15,83,225|33=2011|34=20,92,371|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=19 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;|align=middle}}

== ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ==


== ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ ==
=== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ===
[[File:Megwhal woman.jpg|thumb|upright|[[ᱵᱷᱩᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱫᱽᱠᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
!ᱜᱩᱴ
!ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ
|-
|[[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ]]
|᱑,᱑᱔᱘,᱙᱙᱒
|᱕᱔.᱙᱑
|-
|[[ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷᱤ]]
|᱗᱐᱐,᱘᱘᱐
|᱓᱓.᱕᱐
|-
|[[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]
|᱑᱕᱗,᱔᱙᱓
|᱗.᱕᱓
|-
|[[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ]]
|᱒᱙,᱘᱑᱐
|᱑.᱔᱒
|-
|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
|᱕᱕,᱑᱙᱖
|᱒.᱖᱔
|}

== ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ==
 

== ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ==
{{bar box
| title    = ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ
| titlebar = #FCD116
| left1    = ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
| right1   = ᱥᱟᱴᱠᱚᱲᱟ
| float    = right
| bars     = 
{{bar percent|[[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]]|orange|76.89}}
{{bar percent|[[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ]]|green|22.6}}
{{bar percent|[[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱡᱟᱭᱱ]]|pink|1.21}}
{{bar percent|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ|black|0.30}}
| caption = Distribution of religions&lt;br&gt;
{{small|Source: 2011 Census.}}
}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
!ᱜᱩᱴ
!ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ (%)
|-
|[[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]]
|᱑,᱖᱐᱘,᱙᱒᱑
|᱗᱖.᱘᱘

|-
|[[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ]]
|᱔᱔᱒,᱓᱕᱕
|᱒᱒.᱖
|-
|[[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱡᱟᱭᱱ]]
|᱒᱕,᱓᱑᱒
|᱑.᱒᱑
|-
|[[ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱥᱤᱠᱷ]]
|᱖,᱓᱕᱓
|᱐.᱒
|}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Wikivoyage|ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ}}
{{Commons category|ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}
* [https://www.rannutsav.com/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228085953/https://www.rannutsav.com/ |date=2021-02-28 }}
*[https://kutch.gujarat.gov.in Katch District Collectorate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101004708/https://kutch.gujarat.gov.in/ |date=2020-11-01 }}
*[https://kutchdp.gujarat.gov.in Katch District Panchayat]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721162346/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,693641&amp;_dad=portal&amp;_schema=PORTAL of Kutch Peninsula and the Great Rann; The Geological Survey of India, Ministry of Mines, Government of India]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
|North = ''[[ᱵᱟᱫᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱫᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱯᱟᱨᱠᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱯᱟᱨᱠᱚᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷ]]''
|Northeast = [[ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] &lt;br&gt; [[ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱥᱠᱟᱸᱴᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
|East = [[ᱯᱟᱴᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
|Southeast = [[ᱥᱩᱨᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] &lt;br&gt; [[ᱢᱚᱨᱵᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
|South = ''[[ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱠᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ]]''
|Southwest =''[[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ]]''
|West = ''[[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ]]''
|Northwest = ''[[ᱛᱷᱟᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷ]]''}}

{{Coord|23.915|N|70.367|E|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱟᱪᱪᱷ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ| ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:Thar Desert]]</text>
      <sha1>3k7n77qmuz2b8hro10ai6qnjby3m8dq</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ</title>
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      <text bytes="10651" sha1="onypw8jtxc21xis0hm2s6f6ktkq5547" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| official_name                   = ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ
| other_name                      = ''ᱢᱚᱫᱤᱱᱟᱛ ᱟᱞᱼᱠᱩᱣᱟᱭᱛᱚ''
| native_name                     =
| nickname                        =
| settlement_type                 = 
| motto                           = 
| image_skyline                   = Kuwait montage.png
| imagesize                       = 270
| image_caption                   = ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ
| image_flag                      = 
| image_seal                      = 
| image_shield                    = 
| image_map                       = 
| map_caption                     = 
| pushpin_map                     = Kuwait#Persian Gulf#Arab world
| pushpin_label_position          = 
| pushpin_map_caption             = ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ
| pushpin_mapsize                 = 
| subdivision_type                = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name                = [[ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ]]
| subdivision_type1               = 
| subdivision_name1               = 
| subdivision_type2               = 
| subdivision_name2               = 
| subdivision_type3               = 
| subdivision_name3               = 
| subdivision_type4               = 
| subdivision_name4               = 
| government_footnotes            = 
| government_type                 = 
| leader_title                    = 
| leader_name                     = 
| leader_title1                   = &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
| leader_name1                    = 
| leader_title2                   = 
| leader_name2                    = 
| leader_title3                   = 
| leader_name3                    = 
| leader_title4                   = 
| leader_name4                    = 
| established_title               = ᱛᱷᱚᱠ
| established_date                = ᱑᱖᱑᱓
| established_title2              = &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
| established_date2               = 
| established_title3              = &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
| established_date3               = 
| area_magnitude                  = 
| unit_pref                       = &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
| area_footnotes                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = &lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
| area_land_km2                   = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
| area_water_km2                  = 
| area_water_percent              = 
| area_urban_km2                  = 
| area_metro_km2                  = 
| population_as_of                = 
| population_footnotes            = 
| population_note                 = 
| population_total                = 
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_urban                = ᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ
| population_density_urban_km2    = 
| timezone                        = [[UTC+3#Arabia Standard Time|AST]]&lt;!--aka Moscow Time--&gt;
| utc_offset                      = +᱐᱓:᱐᱐
| timezone_DST                    = 
| utc_offset_DST                  = 
| coordinates                     = {{coord|29|22|11|N|47|58|42|E|region:KW|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes             = &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags--&gt;
| elevation_m                     = 
| elevation_ft                    = 
| postal_code_type                = &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
| postal_code                     = 
| area_code                       = 
| website                         = 
| footnotes                       = 
| name                            = 
}}
 &lt;!-- Infobox ends --&gt;

'''ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱚᱥ ᱠᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱠᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱢᱤᱨᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱷ ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱥ, ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛᱤ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title=The World's Cities in 2018. Data Booklet |publisher=United Nations |publication-place= |page= |url=https://www.un.org/en/events/citiesday/assets/pdf/the_worlds_cities_in_2018_data_booklet.pdf |access-date=2021-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱜᱟᱯᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱢᱤᱱᱟ ᱟᱞᱼᱥᱩᱣᱮᱠ (ᱥᱩᱣᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱟᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱱᱟ ᱟᱞ ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱤ (ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟ ᱾

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==


==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
[[File:Satellite image of Kuwait in November 2001.jpg|thumb|ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ]]

ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱠᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱦᱤᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱙᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱠᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ, ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱠᱟ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱠᱷᱞᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱘᱖᱐ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱓᱐ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱵᱩᱵᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒,᱓᱘᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱗,᱘᱐᱘ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ  ᱾&lt;ref name=cia&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kuwait/ |title=Kuwait |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |date=10 April 2015 |access-date=3 September 2021 |archive-date=10 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110072824/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kuwait/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ==
[[File:Kuwait airport.jpg|thumb| [[ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]]]]
{{Main|ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ}}
ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.siliconindia.com/finance/news/10-Most-Valuable-Currencies-in-the-World-nid-109953.html|title=10 Most Valuable Currencies in the World|work=Silicon India|access-date=2021-09-03|archive-date=2015-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316093934/http://www.siliconindia.com/finance/news/10-Most-Valuable-Currencies-in-the-World-nid-109953.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱚᱥ ᱰᱚᱢᱮᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱩᱠᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱔᱓% ᱟᱨ ᱤᱠᱥᱯᱚᱴ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱗᱐% ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=newes&gt;{{cite web|url=https://santandertrade.com/en/portal/analyse-markets/kuwait/foreign-trade-figures|title=Foreign Trade in Figures}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱤᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱤᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ==


==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
{{commons category|ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ}}
*{{wikivoyage-inline|ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ}}

{{ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ}}
{{Kuwait topics}}
{{List of Asian capitals by region}}
{{Capitals of Arab countries}}
{{Arab Capital of Culture}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ| ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:Populated places in Kuwait]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:Populated coastal places in Kuwait]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱚᱥ ᱠᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:Populated places established in 1613]]</text>
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>191298</origin>
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      <text bytes="25663" sha1="2xecp8h3qz3y0i7tqheteujmwjvw1ak" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ
| native_name                     = &lt;!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --&gt;
| native_name_lang                = ml
| other_name                      = ᱠᱣᱤᱞᱚ &lt;br /&gt; ᱫᱮᱥᱤᱝᱱᱟᱰᱩ &lt;br/&gt; ᱠᱚᱣᱞᱟᱣᱳ
| settlement_type                 = ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱞᱤᱥ
| image_skyline                   = Kollam Collage.jpg
| image_alt                       = 
| image_caption                   = 
| etymology                       = ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ: ''ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ'' (&quot;ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ&quot;)
| nickname                        = ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ&lt;br/ &gt; ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱡᱩ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kollams-cashew-crunch/article23701507.ece |title=Kollam's cashew crunch |work=The Hindu|date=28 April 2018 |access-date=10 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image_map                       = Location map India Kollam EN.svg
| mapsize                         = 250x200px
| map_alt                         = 
| map_caption                     = ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| pushpin_map                     = India
| pushpin_label_position          = right
| pushpin_map_alt                 = 
| pushpin_map_caption             = ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ
| coordinates                     = {{coord|8.88|N|76.60|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type                =ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name                = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1               = ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| subdivision_name1               = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type3               = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name3               = [[ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ]]
| subdivision_type4               = ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ
| subdivision_name4               = ᱠᱣᱤᱞᱚᱱ, ᱠᱚᱣᱞᱟᱣᱳ
| subdivision_type5               = ᱫᱤᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
| subdivision_name5               = [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ]]
| established_title               = ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ
| established_date                = ᱑᱐᱙᱙
| founder                         = [[ᱨᱟᱢ ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱩᱞᱚᱥᱮᱠᱷᱚᱨ]]
| parts_style                     = para
| parts                           = &lt;u&gt;7 Zones&lt;/u&gt;
| p1                              = &lt;br /&gt;Central Zone-1
| p2                              = Central Zone-2
| p3                              = ᱨᱮᱵᱤᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ
| p4                              = ᱵᱚᱰᱚᱠᱠᱮᱵᱤᱞᱟ
| p5                              = ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱷᱤᱠᱩᱞᱟᱝᱜᱟᱨᱟ
| p6                              = ᱠᱤᱞᱞᱤᱠᱚᱞᱩᱨ
| p7                              = ᱛᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟᱵᱷᱩᱨ
| leader_party                    = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|&lt;small&gt;''CPI(M)''&lt;/small&gt;]]
| government_type                 = ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ
| governing_body                  = [[ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ]]
| leader_title                    = ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ
| leader_name                     = ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱚᱱᱱᱟ ᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱴ
| leader_title1                   = [[ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ]]
| leader_name1                    = [[ᱮᱱ.ᱠᱮ. ᱯᱨᱮᱢᱪᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ]]
| leader_title2                   = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ]]
| leader_name2                    = [[ᱢᱩᱠᱮᱥ (ᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ)|ᱢᱩᱠᱮᱥ]],
[[ᱢᱚ. ᱱᱚᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ]]
| leader_title3                   = ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ
| leader_name3                    = ᱚᱵᱽᱫᱩᱞ ᱱᱟᱥᱟᱨ IAS
| leader_title4                   =[[ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ  ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ|ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ]]
| leader_name4                    = ᱨᱤ. ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱚᱱ IPS
| leader_title5                   
| leader_name5                    = 
| unit_pref                       = Metric
| area_footnotes                  = 
| area_rank                       = ᱔
| area_total_km2                  = 73.03
| area_land_km2                   = 
| area_water_km2                  = 
| elevation_footnotes             = 
| elevation_m                     = 3
| population_total                = 397,419
| population_footnotes            = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Population_Finder.aspx| title=Population Finder - Census of India 2011 | publisher=Government of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://lsgkerala.in/thrikkadavoorpanchayat/general-information/| title=Thrikkadavoor panchayath| publisher=Government of Kerala| access-date=25 September 2015| archive-date=12 June 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612055856/http://lsgkerala.in/thrikkadavoorpanchayat/general-information/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
| population_as_of                = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_rank                 = [[List of Kerala cities by population|᱔]] ([[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]])
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_metro                = 1351000
| population_metro_footnotes      = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf| title=Demographia World Urban Areas |publisher=Demographia |access-date=23 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_demonym              = ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱴ, ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱛᱷᱩᱠᱚᱨᱚᱬ, ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢᱠᱚᱨᱚᱬ
| demographics_type1              = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
| demographics1_title1            = ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ
| demographics1_info1             = [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱞᱤᱥ]] 
| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                     = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code_type                = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                     = ᱖᱙᱑ XXX
| area_code_type                  = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ
| area_code                       = '''ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ-᱙᱑-᱐᱔᱗᱔
| registration_plate              = '''ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ:''' '''[[List of RTO districts in India#KL—Kerala|KL]]-02, 23, 24, 25'''
| blank2_name_sec2                = ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ
| blank2_info_sec2                = ᱙᱑.᱑᱘%&lt;ref name=Cities1Lakhandabove&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf| title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above | publisher=Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| website                         = {{URL|www.kollam.nic.in}}
| blank_name_sec2                 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec2                 = &lt;span style=&quot;color:#090&quot;&gt;High&lt;/span&gt;
| blank3_name_sec2                = [[UN/LOCODE]]
| blank3_info_sec2                = '''IN QUI&lt;br/ &gt;IN KUK'''
| footnotes                       = 
| official_name                   = 
}}
'''ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ|ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ '''ᱠᱣᱤᱞᱚᱱ''', '''ᱫᱮᱥᱤᱝᱱᱟᱰᱩ''' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/east-is-west-and-up-is-really-down/22425156 | publisher=mid-day.com | title=East Is West And Up Is Really Down | access-date=14 January 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Koolam&quot;&gt;{{cite book
 | author = S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar | year=1942
 | title= Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language | publisher=University of Madras
 | url= https://archive.org/details/Tuhfat-al-MujahidinAnHistoricalWorkInTheArabicLanguage
}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱫᱤᱯ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kollam | publisher=Britannica | title=Kollam - Encyclopaedia Britannica | access-date=7 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ [[ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱣᱚᱱᱚᱱᱛᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱖ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/travel/heritage-walk-explores-kollam-tangasseri-regions/article24892273.ece |title=Kollam on the itinerary |work=The Hindu|date=14 September 2018 |access-date=14 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱩᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kerala-tourism.net/kerala-cities.html Cities of Kerala]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.kerala-tour-package.net/Kerala_Cities.htm |title=Kerala Cities |access-date=19 August 2014 |archive-date=24 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141124153004/http://www.kerala-tour-package.net/Kerala_Cities.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/13/a/K Alphabetical listing of Places in State of Kerala]&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
[[File:Kollam Canal, Jan 2016.jpg|thumb|ᱯᱚᱵᱩᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱱᱟᱞ|left]]

ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱸᱫᱽᱠᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨᱩᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱸᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱭᱭᱚᱱᱟᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱨᱤᱠᱚᱵᱤᱞᱵᱤᱴᱴᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱴᱴᱟᱢᱠᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱫᱤᱯ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱩᱥᱤ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱣᱚᱱᱚᱱᱛᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱗᱑ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱔᱔ ᱢᱤᱞ), [[ᱠᱚᱪᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱔᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱘᱗ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓᱕᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱒᱐ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱓ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱛᱛᱤᱠᱠᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱗.᱗ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱨᱵᱩᱨ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱩᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱭᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱᱟ, ᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱩᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱤᱛᱛᱤᱠᱠᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱨᱵᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱴᱴᱚᱠᱚᱭᱟᱞ, ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ, ᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱩᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱚᱴᱴᱚᱠᱠᱚᱭᱚᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜᱼᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/09/20/stories/2004092005720300.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140901102439/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/09/20/stories/2004092005720300.htm |archive-date=1 September 2014 |title=A stream fading into historyg |date=20 September 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.maruthadi.elisting.in/ |title=Maruthadi - Maruthadi.Elisting.in |access-date=23 January 2020 |archive-date=3 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103234102/http://www.maruthadi.elisting.in/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.docs.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=cat_view&amp;gid=467&amp;Itemid=2707&amp;limitstart=100 |title=Water Resources - Government of Kerala |date=7 March 2015 |access-date=23 January 2020 |archive-date=3 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103235948/http://www.docs.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=cat_view&amp;gid=467&amp;Itemid=2707&amp;limitstart=100 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱼ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ, ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱳᱨᱤᱭᱮᱸᱴᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱼ ᱵᱟᱭᱵᱤᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱳᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱣᱚᱴ (quotes) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ (mention) ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The legendary beauty of Kollam|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/story-print/1159603}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=History of Kollam|url=http://paru.in/history-of-kollam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602135640/http://paru.in/history-of-kollam|archive-date=2 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱠᱚᱴᱴᱟ ᱜᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱭᱚᱱᱠᱟᱵᱩ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱨᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱮᱯᱯᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱚᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞ (enabled) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ==

=== ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ===
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,&lt;ref name=census&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004314/http://www.censusindia.net/results/data/ker_uatowns.PDF Census March 1, 2001 (via archive.org)]&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱔᱙,᱐᱓᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱕,᱔᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ (ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ) ᱑,᱑᱑᱒ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱓.᱗᱗% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://kollam.nic.in/edu.html |title=Kollam District |publisher=kollam.nic.in |access-date=24 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱙᱔.᱐᱔% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱕.᱘᱓% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱑.᱙᱕% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱑% ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱭ ᱒᱐ᱻ᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱨᱤᱠᱠᱚᱰᱚᱵᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱸᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱓.᱐᱓ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱘.᱒᱐ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓,᱘᱔,᱘᱙᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/thrikadavur-becomes-part-of-kollam-city/article7300668.ece |title=Thrikadavur becomes part of Kollam city |work=The Hindu|access-date=11 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://lsgkerala.in/thrikkadavoorpanchayat/general-information/ |title=Thrikadavur Panchayath |publisher=Thrikadavur Panchayath |access-date=11 June 2015 |archive-date=12 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612055856/http://lsgkerala.in/thrikkadavoorpanchayat/general-information/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ===
{{See also|ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ}}
{{bar box
|title=ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ&lt;ref name=&quot;census2001&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 | title = ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ
 | publisher = Census2011
 | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/461-kollam.html
 | access-date =27 January 2016}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
|right1=ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]]|#FF7E00|56}}
{{bar percent|[[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ]]|#00693E|22}}
{{bar percent|[[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ]]|#0000FF|21}}
{{bar percent|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ|#000000|1}}
|caption=Distribution of religions&lt;br /&gt;
†&lt;small&gt;Includes Not Stated, [[ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱥᱤᱠᱷ]] (&lt;0.01%), [[ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ]] (&lt;0.01%).&lt;/small&gt;
}}
ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱚᱠᱚᱡᱚᱢ (microcosm) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;A Survey of Kerala History&quot;&gt;Menon, A Sreedhara; &quot;A Survey of Kerala History&quot;; DC Books, 1 January 2007 – History – pp 54–56 [https://books.google.com/books?id=FVsw35oEBv4C&amp;dq=A+Survey+Of+Kerala+History&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s]&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱢᱟᱡᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱖.᱓᱕ % ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱚᱶᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ('''ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ''' ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ '''ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱵᱚᱨᱥᱚᱢ''' ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ '''ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ''' ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ '''ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ''' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ),

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ==


==ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ==


== ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ==

===ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ===
[[File:Old Airport, Kollam.jpg|thumb|right|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, [[ᱟᱥᱨᱚᱢᱚᱢ]]]]
ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱨᱤᱵᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚᱢ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱖᱖ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱕᱖ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱨᱤᱵᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚᱢ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮᱨᱼᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/thiru_general.jsp|title=TRV Airport|publisher=AAI|access-date=23 August᱒᱐᱑᱖|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902180351/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/thiru_general.jsp|archive-date=2 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱨᱮᱞ===
ᱜᱩᱴ ᱖ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ, ᱥᱚᱨᱟᱱᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱯᱟᱴᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱑᱑᱘᱐.᱕ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱘᱗᱓ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/asia/west-bengal-tea-plantations-and-other-rajera-relics-9835426.html |title=West Bengal: tea plantations and other Raj-era relics|access-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ (MEMU) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱱᱟᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱞᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱡᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱴᱴᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article163030.ece|title=Timings of MEMUs included|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=2 July 2010|access-date=9 August 2016|archive-date=13 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813013003/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article163030.ece|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱚᱨᱠᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱞᱤᱴᱤ (reality) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱭᱟᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Sister project links|ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ}}
* {{Official website|http://kollam.nic.in/Default.htm}}
{{ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱞᱢᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ}}

{{Authority control}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ| ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱞᱞᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>2xecp8h3qz3y0i7tqheteujmwjvw1ak</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱥᱩᱨᱡᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18114</id>
    <revision>
      <id>191365</id>
      <parentid>187973</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T11:34:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>191365</origin>
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      <text bytes="13825" sha1="e1pmb50j1ol2wes4pxjf3mehuwe7wlz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name          = ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ
| office2       = ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ, ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ
| constituency2 = [[ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ]]
| term_start2   = 1990
| term_end2     = 1991&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last=Sivaswamy | first=Saisuresh | title=From Tisco apprentice to giant-killer | website=Rediff | date=January 9, 2009 | url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2009/jan/09jhar-from-tisco-apprentice-to-giant-killer.htm | access-date=September 11, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| predecessor2  = ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱰᱤ
| successor2    = [[ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ]]
| occupation    = [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]], [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
| pronunciation =
| birth_name    = 
| birth_date    = ᱑᱙᱕᱕/᱑᱙᱕᱖&lt;ref name=AgeAvenueMail&gt;{{cite web | title=Prominent leaders file nomination, activists hit streets | website=The Avenue Mail | date=November 11, 2014 | url=https://avenuemail.in/prominent-leaders-file-nomination-activists-hit-streets/ | access-date=September 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927130757/https://avenuemail.in/prominent-leaders-file-nomination-activists-hit-streets/ |archive-date=27 September 2021 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_place   = ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱠᱟᱸᱡᱤᱭᱟ, ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, [[ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ]], [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |work=Government of India | title=Extraordinary Gazette of India, 2004, No. 2102 : Directorate of Printing, Government of India | date=April 22, 2004 | url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.e.2004.2102/page/n97/ | access-date=September 12, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| party         = [[ᱚᱞ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] &lt;br&gt;[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱤᱯᱩᱞᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]]
| other_party   = 
| education     = ᱮᱢ.ᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ&lt;ref name=telegraph1&gt;{{cite web | title=Far ahead on the write track | website=Telegraph India | date=December 20, 2004 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/far-ahead-on-the-write-track/cid/1594532 | access-date=September 11, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=telegraph2&gt;{{cite web | last=Singh | first=Ankush | title=BJP nominee from Ghatshila reunites with school friends after 45 years | website=Telegraph India | date=December 9, 2009 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/besra-walks-down-memory-lane-bjp-nominee-from-ghatshila-reunites-with-school-friends-after-45-years/cid/565854 | access-date=September 11, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| alma_mater    = [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]]
| profession    = 
| known_for     = [[ᱚᱞ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ&lt;br&gt;[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱦᱩᱞ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱞ]] 
}}

'''ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱞ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ‌ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱤᱯᱩᱞᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱦᱩᱞ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱞ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Surya Singh Besra(Jharkhand Peoples Party):Constituency- JAMSHEDPUR(JHARKHAND) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/loksabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=12911 |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=झारखंड के फायरब्रांड नेता रहे सूर्य सिंह बेसरा को किसने दी चुनौती, जानिए |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-who-challenged-the-firebrand-leader-of-jharkhand-surya-singh-besra-know-21943963.html |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱕᱕ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱑᱙᱕᱖) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ, ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱠᱟᱸᱡᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tillin |first=Louise |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abENAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83 |title=Remapping India: New States and their Political Origins |date=2013-10-01 |publisher=Hurst Publishers |isbn=978-1-84904-229-1 |pages=83 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱛᱳᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱠᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ.ᱮ. ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱨᱥ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱱᱤᱛᱤᱥᱟ, ᱱᱤᱞᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱣᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱪᱪᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ 'ᱢᱟᱛᱠᱳᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Press_Release_(English)_SATA_2017.pdf|title=Press Release: Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2017|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|date=21 December 2017|access-date=17 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%; text-align:left;&quot;
|+ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
|-style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot;
! ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ
! ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ
! ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot;| ᱫᱚᱞ
! ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ
! %
! ᱚᱨᱡᱚ 
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
|-
| [[᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐2᱔]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]]
| [[ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ]]
| {{Party name with colour| Jharkhand People's Party|rowspan=2}}
| ᱑᱙,᱔᱙᱔
| ᱑.᱓᱑%
| {{Lost}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title= General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends &amp; Results June-2024 — Parliamentary Constituency 33 - Jhargram (West Bengal) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2533.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱑᱙]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]]
| ᱑,᱗᱑᱗
| ᱐.᱙᱙%
| {{Lost}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Statistical Reports: Election Commission of India, Elections, 2019 (17 LOK SABHA) |url=https://ceojh.jharkhand.gov.in/VS2019/Statistical_Report-VS-19.pdf |access-date=12 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱐᱔]]
| {{Party name with colour|Nagaland Peoples Front}}
| ᱑᱑,᱐᱕᱗
| ᱑.᱔᱒%
| {{Lost}}
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 2004 TO THE 14th LOK SABHA - VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS &amp; DETAILED RESULTS) |publisher=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA |location=NEW DELHI |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱔]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ]]
| {{Party name with colour| Jharkhand People's Party|rowspan=3}}
| ᱕᱒᱗
| ᱐.᱒᱘%
| {{Lost}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=2024 General Election Results | website=Election Commission of India | url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S2745.htm | access-date=September 11, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱑᱙]]
| ᱒,᱒᱕᱕
| ᱑.᱓᱓%
| {{Lost}}
|&lt;ref name=oldreport&gt;{{cite web|title= Statistics Report of Old Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/statistical-reports/ |website=Election Commission of India }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱑᱔]]
| [[ᱯᱚᱴᱠᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱯᱚᱴᱠᱟ]]
| ᱑᱒,᱑᱗᱗
| ᱖.᱕᱕%
| {{Lost}}
|&lt;ref name=oldreport/&gt;
|-
| [[᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱐᱙]]
| [[ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ]]
| {{Party name with colour| Bharatiya Janata Party}} 
| ᱒᱘,᱕᱖᱑
| ᱒᱒.᱕᱒%
| {{Lost}}
|&lt;ref name=oldreport/&gt;
|-
|[[᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱐᱕]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[ᱯᱚᱴᱠᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱯᱚᱴᱠᱟ]]
| {{Party name with colour| Jharkhand People's Party}}
| ᱒᱑,᱑᱖᱒
| ᱑᱕.᱙᱗%
| {{Lost}}
|&lt;ref name=oldreport/&gt;
|-
| [[᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱐᱐]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]]
| {{Party name with colour| Independent|abbrev=yes}} 
| ᱒᱐,᱔᱒᱑
| ᱒᱐.᱐᱕%
| {{Lost}}
|&lt;ref name=oldreport/&gt;
|-
| [[᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱑᱙᱙᱕]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ]]
| {{Party name with colour| Jharkhand People's Party}} 
| ᱗,᱙᱑᱔
| ᱖.᱗᱒%
| {{Lost}}
|&lt;ref name=oldreport/&gt;
|-
| [[᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱑᱙᱙᱐]]
| {{Party name with colour| Independent|abbrev=yes}} 
| ᱒᱕,᱐᱕᱔
| ᱓᱑.᱗᱔%
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=oldreport/&gt;
|-
| [[᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱑᱙᱘᱕]]
| {{Party name with colour| Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
| ᱒᱐,᱑᱓᱔
| ᱓᱑.᱙᱖%
| {{Lost}} 
|&lt;ref name=oldreport/&gt;
|-
|}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱞ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐–᱑᱙᱙᱕]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>e1pmb50j1ol2wes4pxjf3mehuwe7wlz</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>20254</id>
    <revision>
      <id>191295</id>
      <parentid>190300</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:51:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>395</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Programme submissions open: Language Diversity Conference, Accra 2026 */ new section</comment>
      <origin>191295</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="31461" sha1="r85ezwr7zejsn8rbst2irdorzn8u46x" xml:space="preserve">== ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱻᱨ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱸᱨ ==

{{Invitation to join PVC edit-a-thon}}
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:R Ashwani Banjan Murmu|R Ashwani Banjan Murmu]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:R Ashwani Banjan Murmu|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱑:᱒᱗, ᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ (UTC)

:[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:R Ashwani Banjan Murmu|@R Ashwani Banjan Murmu]] *ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱢᱮ* ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱛᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱞᱤᱧ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱤᱧ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟ. ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱣᱫᱟ #([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱑:᱕᱒, ᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ (UTC)) ᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱮᱸᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟ.ᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ | @ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ [https://sat.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9_%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A3:%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7_%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B% '''ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ '''] ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ᱾ [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:R Ashwani Banjan Murmu|R Ashwani Banjan Murmu]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:R Ashwani Banjan Murmu|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱙:᱐᱕, ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ (UTC)

== Congratulations to the Feminism and Folklore Prize Winner! ==

Dear Winner,

We are thrilled to announce that you have been selected as one of the prize winners in the 2024 '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore]]''' Writing Contest! Your contributions have significantly enriched Wikipedia with articles that document the vibrant tapestry of folk cultures and highlight the crucial roles of women within these traditions.

As a token of our appreciation, you will receive a gift coupon. To facilitate the delivery of your prize and gather valuable feedback on your experience, please fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc9Rkv1803Q6DnAc1SLxyYy95KN22GNrGXeA7kNFT-u62MGyg/viewform?usp=sf_link the Winners Google Form]. In the form, kindly provide your details for receiving the gift coupon and share your thoughts about the project.

Your dedication and hard work have not only helped bridge the gender gap on Wikipedia but also ensured that the cultural narratives of underrepresented communities are preserved for future generations. We look forward to your continued participation and contributions in the future.

Congratulations once again, and thank you for being a vital part of this global initiative!

Warm regards,

'''The Feminism and Folklore Team'''
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf20242&amp;oldid=26890688 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2024 - International prize winners ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:please-translate}}''
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]

Congratulations!

We are thrilled to announce that you have emerged as the victorious champion in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2024''' writing competition, securing an International prize. Your achievement is truly exceptional and worthy of celebration!

We would like to express our utmost gratitude for your invaluable contribution to the documentation of your local folk culture and women on Wikipedia. The dedication and hard work you exhibited throughout the competition were truly remarkable.

To ensure that you receive your well-deserved prize, we kindly request you to take a moment and complete the preferences form before the 15th of August 2024. By doing so, you will help us tailor the prize according to your preferences and guarantee a delightful experience for you. You can access the form by [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfBUbyRAPdKjoQje8I0zN4qQwMGmKtw8Zj38PTYTUkSthEyiw/viewform?usp=sf_link clicking here].

Should you have any queries or require any further assistance, please do not hesitate to reach out to us. You can easily contact us via the talkpage or by email. We are more than delighted to provide any support you may need.

Once again, congratulations on this outstanding achievement! We are proud to have you as our winner and eagerly look forward to hearing from you.

Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|FNF 2024 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;

--[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:MediaWiki message delivery|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱒:᱓᱙, ᱒᱑ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf20242&amp;oldid=27147899 --&gt;

== Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey ==

Dear Community Members,

I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity.

We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal.

This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference.

Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6

We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations.

Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025

Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input.

Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
[[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]]
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&amp;oldid=28078122 --&gt;

== Follow-up on Incomplete Information for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 ==

Hi ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ,

Thank you for signing up your community for For Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Please provide the following missing information on the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants|participants' page of Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]].

* Tracking category
* Local Organizer
* Jury Tools
* Jury Members

''For the Team'', [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ZI Jony|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱕:᱒᱒, ᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (UTC)

@[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 

I am unable to create a Fountain tool. Previously, I had created a Fountain on feminism and folklore, but it was not approved and is now showing as a draft. Since then, I have been unable to create a new one. I have already informed the admin through a personal message, but the issue has not been resolved yet.

Could you please assist me in resolving this? Also, if you have the ability to do so, kindly create a Fountain tool for us.

Regards, [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱖:᱐᱑, ᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (UTC)

Done [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱔:᱔᱘, ᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (UTC)
: [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ]], thanks for the update. Unfortunately,  your tracking category link didn’t work, kindly check and arrange to fix it. [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ZI Jony|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱕:᱐᱙, ᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (UTC)

== Wikipedia Asian Month 2024 Barnstar ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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'''Dear {{ROOTPAGENAME}}''',

Thank you for joining us in celebrating the 10th year of Wikipedia Asian Month!&lt;br&gt; 
We truly appreciate your contributions, and we look forward to seeing more articles about Asia written in different languages.

We also hope you continue to participate each year!

'''Sincerely,&lt;br&gt;'''
'''Wikipedia Asian Month User Group'''

[[File:2024 Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|center|300px]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Betty2407@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Betty2407/WAMMassMessagelist&amp;oldid=28737105 --&gt;

== Share Your Feedback – Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 ==

Dear ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ

Thank you for being a part of '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' — whether as a contributor, jury member, or local organizer. Your efforts helped make this campaign a meaningful celebration of culture, heritage, and community on Wikimedia platforms.

To help us improve and grow this initiative in future years, we kindly ask you to complete a short '''feedback form'''. Your responses are valuable in shaping how we support contributors like you.

* '''Feedback Form:''' [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Submit your feedback here]
* '''Deadline to submit:''' 31 May 2025

It will only take a few minutes to complete, and your input will directly impact how we plan, communicate, and collaborate in the future.

Thank you again for your support. We look forward to having you with us in future campaigns!


Warm regards,&lt;br/&gt;
''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'' ᱐᱘:᱕᱑, ᱑᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Participants&amp;oldid=28751574 --&gt;

== Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 – Global Top 10 Winner: Congratulations! ==

'''Dear ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ,'''

Congratulations! You have been selected as one of the '''Top 10 Global Winners''' (ranks 4 to 10) of the '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' campaign. Your contributions and participation have greatly enriched the project, and we sincerely appreciate your efforts.

To send you your prize and the official campaign T-shirt, we kindly request the following details:

* Full name:  
* Wikimedia username:  
* Country of residency:  
* Email address:  
* Preferred T-shirt size (M, L, XL):  
* Preferred T-shirt color (Black, White, Navy):  

'''Please send the above information within 24 hours to:''' '''support@wikilovesramadan.org'''

Your prize will be delivered through the [https://www.tremendous.com/catalog/ Tremendous] platform.

Also, we kindly request you to fill the '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Participant Feedback Form]''' at your earliest convenience.

Once again, thank you for your amazing contribution.

Best regards,&lt;br/&gt;
''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'', [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ZI Jony|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱓:᱔᱔, ᱒᱗ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (UTC)

== Feminism and Folklore 2025 - Local prize winners ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:please-translate}}''

Dear Wikimedian,

Congratulations on your outstanding achievement in winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2025''' writing competition! We truly appreciate your dedication and the valuable contribution you’ve made in documenting local folk culture and highlighting women’s representation on your local Wikipedia.

To claim your prize, please complete the [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdONlpmv1iTrvXnXbHPlfFzUcuF71obJKtPGkycgjGObQ4ShA/viewform?usp=dialog prize form] by July 5th, 2025. Kindly note that after this date, the form will be closed and submissions will no longer be accepted.

Please also note that all prizes will be awarded in the form of [https://www.tremendous.com/ Tremendous Vouchers] only.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to contact us via your talk page or email. We're happy to help.

Warm regards,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|FNF 2025 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
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--[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:MediaWiki message delivery|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱐:᱒᱐, ᱒᱑ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf25&amp;oldid=28891702 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2025 - International prize winners ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:please-translate}}''
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]

🎉 Congratulations! 🎉

We’re absolutely thrilled to announce that you are one amongst the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Results|grand champion]] of the '''Feminism and Folklore 2025''' writing competition, winning the coveted International prize! Your outstanding achievement deserves a standing ovation and endless celebration! 🌟

Your passion, dedication, and incredible effort in bringing local folk culture and the voices of women to life on Wikipedia have truly blown us away. You’ve made a remarkable impact, and we couldn’t be more grateful for your contribution.

Now, to make sure you receive your well-deserved prize (and make it extra special for you!), please fill out the preferences form before July 10, 2025. This will help us customize your prize and ensure it’s a perfect fit. 👉 [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfCYwsIY3kTLyDRcIKxSfxJbz2eunqJUrukvc0uuwX6LU-WKA/viewform?usp=dialog Click here to fill out the form!]

If you have any questions or need help with anything at all, don’t hesitate to reach out! You can contact us via the talkpage or email — we’re always here for you and happy to help.

Once again, a huge congratulations on this incredible victory! We’re so proud to celebrate you and can’t wait to hear from you soon.

✨ Best wishes and endless cheers! ✨

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|FNF 2025 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;padding: 1em 2em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026

Dear {{BASEPAGENAME}},

We are pleased to invite you to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and women.

;What Can Participants Write About?
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances
* Women and queer figures in folklore
* Women in mythology and oral traditions
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]]
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline
#* Local and international prizes
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
*For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.
* Join the office hours on 23 January 2026 and connect with the international Team. ([[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|sign up now]])

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:MediaWiki message delivery|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱖:᱓᱑, ᱑᱘ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf25&amp;oldid=29949330 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers &amp; Jury ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}}!,

Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts!

To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have:
* Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]:
* Started promoting the campaign within your community.
* Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified.
* Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community.

=== Internet &amp; Childcare Support ===
Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''.

'''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]'''

Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained.

=== Important Participation Guidelines ===

* Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers).
* If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us.

=== Community Engagement ===

* Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign.
* Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally.
* In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''.
Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊

Thank you for your collaboration!

''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.''

Feminism and Folklore International Team.

–[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:MediaWiki message delivery|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱕:᱑᱗, ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC)
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== Join the LDH General Assembly | April 18, 2026 ==

We are delighted to invite you to the General Assembly of the [[m:Wikimedia Language Diversity Hub|'''Language Diversity Hub''']] (LDH) on Saturday, '''April 18th, 2026''', at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776517200 13:00 UTC]'''.
=== About the General Assembly ===
The General Assembly (GA) is a community-wide consultation and engagement space. It is the primary forum through which LDH connects with the broader language and Wikimedia communities. The GA is designed to:
* Keep community members informed about LDH activities, decisions, and ongoing work.
* Gather feedback and perspectives from across the language and Wikimedia ecosystem.
* Create open pathways for participation, collaboration, and community-driven input.

=== How to participate ===
Everyone is welcome! If you work on language access, language diversity, or Wikimedia projects in any language community, this is a space for you.
* '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform Register here to attend]'''
[[File:LDH General Assembly E-flyer.jpg|frameless|center|280px|link=https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform]]

Looking forward to your participation,

Language Diversity Hub Team, ᱑᱘:᱒᱑, ᱒᱐ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC)

''&lt;small&gt;You can opt out of our distribution list by removing your username from [[m:MassMessage/Lists/LDH|this list]]&lt;/small&gt;''

(This message was sent to [[:ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;padding: 1em 2em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

Dear Organizer,

I hope this message finds you well.

First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.

As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]].

Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.

Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. 

Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.

Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.

Warm regards,

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]

on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team 

&lt;nowiki&gt;#WeTogether&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:MediaWiki message delivery|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱑:᱕᱗, ᱑᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&amp;oldid=30391231 --&gt;

== Last Few Days: WikiConference India 2026 Scholarship Applications ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:please-translate}}''

Dear Wikimedian,

We're happy to share that scholarship applications for '''WikiConference India 2026''' are currently open and the deadline is just around the corner.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026|WikiConference India 2026]] is the fourth edition of the national-level conference that brings together Wikimedians and stakeholders engaged in Indic-language Wikimedia projects and the broader open knowledge movement across India and South Asia. The conference will take place in Kochi, Kerala, from 4–6 September 2026.

* You can find the more information and the application form at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026/Scholarship|Scholarship page here at Meta wiki]]

* '''Scholarship deadline: 15 April 2026, 11:59 PM IST'''

With only a few days left, we warmly encourage you to apply if you haven’t already and kindly request you to share this with your community and encourage others to apply.

For more information and regular updates, we encourage you to visit the conference Meta page.

Warm regards,
&lt;br&gt;
on behalf of the WikiConference India 2026 Organising Team

''This message was sent with [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:MediaWiki message delivery|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) on ᱑᱘:᱓᱐, ᱑᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Programme submissions open: Language Diversity Conference, Accra 2026 ==

[[File:Official logo for language diversity conference 03.png|frameless|250px|right]]
The '''[[m:Language Diversity Conference|Language Diversity Conference 2026]]''' will take place '''2–4 October 2026 in Accra, Ghana''', under the theme: ''Strengthening Language Communities in the Open Knowledge Movement''.

The Programming Team is inviting the following types of session proposals:

* '''Lightning talks''' – 10-minute short presentations on any relevant topic
* '''Presentations''' – 20–25 minutes (including audience Q&amp;A)
* '''Workshops and tutorials''' – 50 or 110-minute interactive sessions (e.g. on Content Translation, Wikidata, or other topics)
* '''Panel discussions''' – 50-minute panels; collaborations with others are encouraged

Submissions will be evaluated by the Programme Committee based on:
* Potential impact and expected outcomes
* Relevance to the conference theme or focus areas

Sessions may be recorded and made publicly available. If you prefer not to be filmed, you may indicate this during submission.

'''→ [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/langdiv/cfp Submit your proposal on Eventyay]'''

For more information, or questions, contact: languagediversitycon{{@}}gmail.com

&lt;!-- Message sent by User:~~~~~ on behalf of the Language Diversity Hub --&gt;

(This message was sent to [[:ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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      <text bytes="3227" sha1="p93sk8ebk19aochy6mqg4y7wxu5f4vj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ
| population = ᱑᱕᱕,᱐᱒᱓ (᱒᱐᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ)
| total_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2017-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| popplace = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ 
| region1 = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop1 = ᱑᱕᱒,᱖᱖᱓
| region2 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop2 = ᱒,᱓᱖᱐
|langs = [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ]],  [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]]
| related = [[ᱵᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨ]], [[ᱵᱟᱥᱳᱨ]]
}}
'''ᱢᱚᱦᱞᱤ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱟᱞᱦᱮ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20&amp;%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20(SCHEDULED%20TRIBES)%20ORDER,%201950.pdf | title = The Constitution (Scheduled tribes) Order, 1950 | pages = 173, 182 | publisher = Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India | accessdate = 2009-03-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114304/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20%26%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20%28SCHEDULED%20TRIBES%29%20ORDER%2C%201950.pdf | archive-date = 27 January 2018 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱱᱟᱼᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3gzryWrMuQC&amp;q=mahli+tribe&amp;pg=PA53|title=Tanks in Eastern India: A Study in Exploration|isbn=9789290907312|last1=Pant|first1=Niranjan|last2=Verma|first2=R. K.|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱚᱦᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ]], [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ (ᱥᱮ.ᱴᱤ) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mjx|title=Mahali|website=ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ==

==ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ==

==ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ==

==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6753" sha1="rmowlo0mhgnviafx02igiq782ugp5vz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ
| population       = ᱑᱕᱕,᱐᱒᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ)
| total_ref        = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| popplace         = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ 
| region1          = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop1             = ᱑᱕᱒,᱖᱖᱓
| region2          = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop2             = ᱒,᱓᱖᱐
| region3          = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]]
| pop3             = ᱑᱓,᱔᱕᱒ (᱑᱙᱕᱑ {{estimated}})
| ref3             = &lt;ref name=1951Estimate&gt;{{cite web |title=Estimated Population by Castes, 5. Assam – Census 1951 |year=1954 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308003624/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2024 |url-status=live |publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India |access-date=7 August 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region4          = ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ
| pop4             = ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ) 
| langs            = '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] &lt;br /&gt;'''[[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]
| religions        = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India&quot;. www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
| related          = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]]{{•}}[[ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ]]{{•}}ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ{{*}}[[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]]
}}

'''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ''' (ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ '''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20&amp;%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20(SCHEDULED%20TRIBES)%20ORDER,%201950.pdf | title = The Constitution (Scheduled tribes) Order, 1950 | pages = 173, 182 | publisher = Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India | access-date = 11 March 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114304/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20%26%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20%28SCHEDULED%20TRIBES%29%20ORDER%2C%201950.pdf | archive-date = 27 January 2018 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3gzryWrMuQC&amp;q=mahli+tribe&amp;pg=PA53|title=Tanks in Eastern India: A Study in Exploration|isbn=9789290907312|last1=Pant|first1=Niranjan|last2=Verma|first2=R. K.|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ]], [[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ)|ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ota |first=A.B. |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |title=Mahali |website=tribal.nic.in |year=2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mjx|title=Mahali|website=ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 'ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Zakarias Dumri, BA (Hons), MA in History from Rajshahi University &amp; Director-MAASAUS, a centre working for development of the Mahles located at Village-Damkura, PS-Poba, District-Rajshahi&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱪᱮᱛ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱤᱠᱽᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ - ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱩᱥᱳ, ᱠᱳᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱝᱜᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;'The Mahali Community of Damkura', Sheikh Mehedi Hasan, The Daily Prothom Alo, 24 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ==

==ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ==

==ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ==

==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==</text>
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      <comment>/* ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ */ +</comment>
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      <text bytes="8574" sha1="12kdsecscb9m6gye2vtte4lkap8svcw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ
| population       = ᱑᱕᱕,᱐᱒᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ)
| total_ref        = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| popplace         = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ 
| region1          = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop1             = ᱑᱕᱒,᱖᱖᱓
| region2          = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop2             = ᱒,᱓᱖᱐
| region3          = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]]
| pop3             = ᱑᱓,᱔᱕᱒ (᱑᱙᱕᱑ {{estimated}})
| ref3             = &lt;ref name=1951Estimate&gt;{{cite web |title=Estimated Population by Castes, 5. Assam – Census 1951 |year=1954 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308003624/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2024 |url-status=live |publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India |access-date=7 August 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region4          = ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ
| pop4             = ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ) 
| langs            = '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] &lt;br /&gt;'''[[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]
| religions        = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India&quot;. www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
| related          = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]]{{•}}[[ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ]]{{•}}ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ{{*}}[[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]]
}}

'''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ''' (ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ '''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20&amp;%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20(SCHEDULED%20TRIBES)%20ORDER,%201950.pdf | title = The Constitution (Scheduled tribes) Order, 1950 | pages = 173, 182 | publisher = Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India | access-date = 11 March 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114304/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20%26%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20%28SCHEDULED%20TRIBES%29%20ORDER%2C%201950.pdf | archive-date = 27 January 2018 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3gzryWrMuQC&amp;q=mahli+tribe&amp;pg=PA53|title=Tanks in Eastern India: A Study in Exploration|isbn=9789290907312|last1=Pant|first1=Niranjan|last2=Verma|first2=R. K.|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ]], [[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ)|ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ota |first=A.B. |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |title=Mahali |website=tribal.nic.in |year=2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mjx|title=Mahali|website=ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 'ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Zakarias Dumri, BA (Hons), MA in History from Rajshahi University &amp; Director-MAASAUS, a centre working for development of the Mahles located at Village-Damkura, PS-Poba, District-Rajshahi&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱪᱮᱛ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱤᱠᱽᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ - ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱩᱥᱳ, ᱠᱳᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱝᱜᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;'The Mahali Community of Damkura', Sheikh Mehedi Hasan, The Daily Prothom Alo, 24 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱸᱥᱯᱷᱳᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤ, ᱛᱟᱸᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱲᱮ), ᱵᱷᱩᱠᱛᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱰᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱤ), ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱦᱮ), ᱤᱱᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱺᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ), ᱠᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱥᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱨᱜᱟᱪᱷ (ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱷᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ), ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱮᱨᱠᱮᱴᱴᱟ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱢᱟᱦᱩᱠᱟᱞ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱛᱤᱨᱠᱤ, ᱛᱩᱱᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱛᱩᱨᱩ, ᱞᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ - ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ, ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ, ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce02russ_0|year=1916|publisher=Macmillan and Co|location=London|title=The tribes and castes of the Central Provinces of India}} {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyxuAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA126|title=Bihar District Gazetteers, Volume 12; Volume 16|year=1970|author=Pranab Chandra Roy Choudhury|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ==

==ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ==

==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==</text>
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      <parentid>191357</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T11:18:03Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>/* ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ */ +</comment>
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      <text bytes="9981" sha1="hmsijosnri8ib5m21kid1mid0l94e6m" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ
| population       = ᱑᱕᱕,᱐᱒᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ)
| total_ref        = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| popplace         = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ 
| region1          = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop1             = ᱑᱕᱒,᱖᱖᱓
| region2          = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop2             = ᱒,᱓᱖᱐
| region3          = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]]
| pop3             = ᱑᱓,᱔᱕᱒ (᱑᱙᱕᱑ {{estimated}})
| ref3             = &lt;ref name=1951Estimate&gt;{{cite web |title=Estimated Population by Castes, 5. Assam – Census 1951 |year=1954 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308003624/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2024 |url-status=live |publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India |access-date=7 August 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region4          = ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ
| pop4             = ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ) 
| langs            = '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] &lt;br /&gt;'''[[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]
| religions        = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India&quot;. www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
| related          = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]]{{•}}[[ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ]]{{•}}ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ{{*}}[[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]]
}}

'''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ''' (ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ '''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20&amp;%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20(SCHEDULED%20TRIBES)%20ORDER,%201950.pdf | title = The Constitution (Scheduled tribes) Order, 1950 | pages = 173, 182 | publisher = Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India | access-date = 11 March 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114304/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20%26%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20%28SCHEDULED%20TRIBES%29%20ORDER%2C%201950.pdf | archive-date = 27 January 2018 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3gzryWrMuQC&amp;q=mahli+tribe&amp;pg=PA53|title=Tanks in Eastern India: A Study in Exploration|isbn=9789290907312|last1=Pant|first1=Niranjan|last2=Verma|first2=R. K.|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ]], [[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ)|ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ota |first=A.B. |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |title=Mahali |website=tribal.nic.in |year=2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mjx|title=Mahali|website=ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 'ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Zakarias Dumri, BA (Hons), MA in History from Rajshahi University &amp; Director-MAASAUS, a centre working for development of the Mahles located at Village-Damkura, PS-Poba, District-Rajshahi&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱪᱮᱛ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱤᱠᱽᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ - ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱩᱥᱳ, ᱠᱳᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱝᱜᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;'The Mahali Community of Damkura', Sheikh Mehedi Hasan, The Daily Prothom Alo, 24 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱸᱥᱯᱷᱳᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤ, ᱛᱟᱸᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱲᱮ), ᱵᱷᱩᱠᱛᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱰᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱤ), ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱦᱮ), ᱤᱱᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱺᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ), ᱠᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱥᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱨᱜᱟᱪᱷ (ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱷᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ), ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱮᱨᱠᱮᱴᱴᱟ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱢᱟᱦᱩᱠᱟᱞ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱛᱤᱨᱠᱤ, ᱛᱩᱱᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱛᱩᱨᱩ, ᱞᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ - ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ, ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ, ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce02russ_0|year=1916|publisher=Macmillan and Co|location=London|title=The tribes and castes of the Central Provinces of India}} {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyxuAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA126|title=Bihar District Gazetteers, Volume 12; Volume 16|year=1970|author=Pranab Chandra Roy Choudhury|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩ-ᱚᱬᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱛᱩᱢᱫᱟᱜ]], ᱰᱷᱳᱞ, [[ᱴᱟᱢᱟᱠ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrumDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT144|title=Environment, Knowledge and Gender: Local Development in India's Jharkhand|isbn=978-1351729895|access-date=4 April 2022|last1=Jewitt|first1=Sarah|date=31 July 2019|publisher=Routledge }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱡᱟᱹᱦᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤ (ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱱᱥᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ]] ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA99|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyanand|website=books.google|isbn=9789351867982|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=19 August 2002|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ==

==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==</text>
      <sha1>hmsijosnri8ib5m21kid1mid0l94e6m</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>191359</id>
      <parentid>191358</parentid>
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        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
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      <comment>/* ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ */ +</comment>
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      <text bytes="10488" sha1="7qjhzkjzkp40s2b50x0nvdoup9mdpz9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ
| population       = ᱑᱕᱕,᱐᱒᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ)
| total_ref        = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| popplace         = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ 
| region1          = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop1             = ᱑᱕᱒,᱖᱖᱓
| region2          = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop2             = ᱒,᱓᱖᱐
| region3          = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]]
| pop3             = ᱑᱓,᱔᱕᱒ (᱑᱙᱕᱑ {{estimated}})
| ref3             = &lt;ref name=1951Estimate&gt;{{cite web |title=Estimated Population by Castes, 5. Assam – Census 1951 |year=1954 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308003624/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2024 |url-status=live |publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India |access-date=7 August 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region4          = ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ
| pop4             = ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ) 
| langs            = '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] &lt;br /&gt;'''[[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]
| religions        = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India&quot;. www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
| related          = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]]{{•}}[[ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ]]{{•}}ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ{{*}}[[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]]
}}

'''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ''' (ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ '''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20&amp;%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20(SCHEDULED%20TRIBES)%20ORDER,%201950.pdf | title = The Constitution (Scheduled tribes) Order, 1950 | pages = 173, 182 | publisher = Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India | access-date = 11 March 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114304/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20%26%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20%28SCHEDULED%20TRIBES%29%20ORDER%2C%201950.pdf | archive-date = 27 January 2018 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3gzryWrMuQC&amp;q=mahli+tribe&amp;pg=PA53|title=Tanks in Eastern India: A Study in Exploration|isbn=9789290907312|last1=Pant|first1=Niranjan|last2=Verma|first2=R. K.|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ]], [[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ)|ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ota |first=A.B. |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |title=Mahali |website=tribal.nic.in |year=2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mjx|title=Mahali|website=ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 'ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Zakarias Dumri, BA (Hons), MA in History from Rajshahi University &amp; Director-MAASAUS, a centre working for development of the Mahles located at Village-Damkura, PS-Poba, District-Rajshahi&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱪᱮᱛ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱤᱠᱽᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ - ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱩᱥᱳ, ᱠᱳᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱝᱜᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;'The Mahali Community of Damkura', Sheikh Mehedi Hasan, The Daily Prothom Alo, 24 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱸᱥᱯᱷᱳᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤ, ᱛᱟᱸᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱲᱮ), ᱵᱷᱩᱠᱛᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱰᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱤ), ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱦᱮ), ᱤᱱᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱺᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ), ᱠᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱥᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱨᱜᱟᱪᱷ (ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱷᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ), ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱮᱨᱠᱮᱴᱴᱟ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱢᱟᱦᱩᱠᱟᱞ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱛᱤᱨᱠᱤ, ᱛᱩᱱᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱛᱩᱨᱩ, ᱞᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ - ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ, ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ, ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce02russ_0|year=1916|publisher=Macmillan and Co|location=London|title=The tribes and castes of the Central Provinces of India}} {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyxuAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA126|title=Bihar District Gazetteers, Volume 12; Volume 16|year=1970|author=Pranab Chandra Roy Choudhury|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩ-ᱚᱬᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱛᱩᱢᱫᱟᱜ]], ᱰᱷᱳᱞ, [[ᱴᱟᱢᱟᱠ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrumDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT144|title=Environment, Knowledge and Gender: Local Development in India's Jharkhand|isbn=978-1351729895|access-date=4 April 2022|last1=Jewitt|first1=Sarah|date=31 July 2019|publisher=Routledge }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱡᱟᱹᱦᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤ (ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱱᱥᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ]] ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA99|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyanand|website=books.google|isbn=9789351867982|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=19 August 2002|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46519807.pdf|title=An Anthropological Study of Rural Jharkhand, India|first=Alpa|last=Shah|page=53|date=2003|access-date=8 November 2022|quote=Jharkhand categorises the Mahelis along with the Oraon, Munda and Badaiks, as a Scheduled Tribe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==</text>
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      <text bytes="10693" sha1="28lmudoccwrgwffnb3quskdj8eeyrwr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ
| population       = ᱑᱕᱕,᱐᱒᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ)
| total_ref        = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| popplace         = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ 
| region1          = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop1             = ᱑᱕᱒,᱖᱖᱓
| region2          = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop2             = ᱒,᱓᱖᱐
| region3          = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]]
| pop3             = ᱑᱓,᱔᱕᱒ (᱑᱙᱕᱑ {{estimated}})
| ref3             = &lt;ref name=1951Estimate&gt;{{cite web |title=Estimated Population by Castes, 5. Assam – Census 1951 |year=1954 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308003624/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2024 |url-status=live |publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India |access-date=7 August 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region4          = ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ
| pop4             = ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ) 
| langs            = '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] &lt;br /&gt;'''[[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]
| religions        = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India&quot;. www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
| related          = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]]{{•}}[[ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ]]{{•}}ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ{{*}}[[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]]
}}

'''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ''' (ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ '''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20&amp;%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20(SCHEDULED%20TRIBES)%20ORDER,%201950.pdf | title = The Constitution (Scheduled tribes) Order, 1950 | pages = 173, 182 | publisher = Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India | access-date = 11 March 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114304/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20%26%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20%28SCHEDULED%20TRIBES%29%20ORDER%2C%201950.pdf | archive-date = 27 January 2018 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3gzryWrMuQC&amp;q=mahli+tribe&amp;pg=PA53|title=Tanks in Eastern India: A Study in Exploration|isbn=9789290907312|last1=Pant|first1=Niranjan|last2=Verma|first2=R. K.|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ]], [[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ)|ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ota |first=A.B. |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |title=Mahali |website=tribal.nic.in |year=2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mjx|title=Mahali|website=ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 'ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Zakarias Dumri, BA (Hons), MA in History from Rajshahi University &amp; Director-MAASAUS, a centre working for development of the Mahles located at Village-Damkura, PS-Poba, District-Rajshahi&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱪᱮᱛ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱤᱠᱽᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ - ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱩᱥᱳ, ᱠᱳᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱝᱜᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;'The Mahali Community of Damkura', Sheikh Mehedi Hasan, The Daily Prothom Alo, 24 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱸᱥᱯᱷᱳᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤ, ᱛᱟᱸᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱲᱮ), ᱵᱷᱩᱠᱛᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱰᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱤ), ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱦᱮ), ᱤᱱᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱺᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ), ᱠᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱥᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱨᱜᱟᱪᱷ (ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱷᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ), ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱮᱨᱠᱮᱴᱴᱟ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱢᱟᱦᱩᱠᱟᱞ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱛᱤᱨᱠᱤ, ᱛᱩᱱᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱛᱩᱨᱩ, ᱞᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ - ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ, ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ, ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce02russ_0|year=1916|publisher=Macmillan and Co|location=London|title=The tribes and castes of the Central Provinces of India}} {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyxuAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA126|title=Bihar District Gazetteers, Volume 12; Volume 16|year=1970|author=Pranab Chandra Roy Choudhury|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩ-ᱚᱬᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱛᱩᱢᱫᱟᱜ]], ᱰᱷᱳᱞ, [[ᱴᱟᱢᱟᱠ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrumDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT144|title=Environment, Knowledge and Gender: Local Development in India's Jharkhand|isbn=978-1351729895|access-date=4 April 2022|last1=Jewitt|first1=Sarah|date=31 July 2019|publisher=Routledge }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱡᱟᱹᱦᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤ (ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱱᱥᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ]] ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA99|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyanand|website=books.google|isbn=9789351867982|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=19 August 2002|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46519807.pdf|title=An Anthropological Study of Rural Jharkhand, India|first=Alpa|last=Shah|page=53|date=2003|access-date=8 November 2022|quote=Jharkhand categorises the Mahelis along with the Oraon, Munda and Badaiks, as a Scheduled Tribe}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
*{{Cite book| first=A.B. |last=Ota | title=Mahali |year=2014 |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in}}</text>
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      <comment>added [[Category:ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="10758" sha1="80polebkqnkmgl9mr09sfopxiivq1it" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ
| population       = ᱑᱕᱕,᱐᱒᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ)
| total_ref        = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| popplace         = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ 
| region1          = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop1             = ᱑᱕᱒,᱖᱖᱓
| region2          = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop2             = ᱒,᱓᱖᱐
| region3          = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]]
| pop3             = ᱑᱓,᱔᱕᱒ (᱑᱙᱕᱑ {{estimated}})
| ref3             = &lt;ref name=1951Estimate&gt;{{cite web |title=Estimated Population by Castes, 5. Assam – Census 1951 |year=1954 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308003624/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2024 |url-status=live |publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India |access-date=7 August 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region4          = ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ
| pop4             = ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ) 
| langs            = '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] &lt;br /&gt;'''[[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]
| religions        = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India&quot;. www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
| related          = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]]{{•}}[[ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ]]{{•}}ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ{{*}}[[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]]
}}

'''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ''' (ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ '''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20&amp;%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20(SCHEDULED%20TRIBES)%20ORDER,%201950.pdf | title = The Constitution (Scheduled tribes) Order, 1950 | pages = 173, 182 | publisher = Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India | access-date = 11 March 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114304/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20%26%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20%28SCHEDULED%20TRIBES%29%20ORDER%2C%201950.pdf | archive-date = 27 January 2018 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3gzryWrMuQC&amp;q=mahli+tribe&amp;pg=PA53|title=Tanks in Eastern India: A Study in Exploration|isbn=9789290907312|last1=Pant|first1=Niranjan|last2=Verma|first2=R. K.|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ]], [[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ)|ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ota |first=A.B. |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |title=Mahali |website=tribal.nic.in |year=2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mjx|title=Mahali|website=ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 'ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Zakarias Dumri, BA (Hons), MA in History from Rajshahi University &amp; Director-MAASAUS, a centre working for development of the Mahles located at Village-Damkura, PS-Poba, District-Rajshahi&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱪᱮᱛ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱤᱠᱽᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ - ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱩᱥᱳ, ᱠᱳᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱝᱜᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;'The Mahali Community of Damkura', Sheikh Mehedi Hasan, The Daily Prothom Alo, 24 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱸᱥᱯᱷᱳᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤ, ᱛᱟᱸᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱲᱮ), ᱵᱷᱩᱠᱛᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱰᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱤ), ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱦᱮ), ᱤᱱᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱺᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ), ᱠᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱥᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱨᱜᱟᱪᱷ (ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱷᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ), ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱮᱨᱠᱮᱴᱴᱟ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱢᱟᱦᱩᱠᱟᱞ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱛᱤᱨᱠᱤ, ᱛᱩᱱᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱛᱩᱨᱩ, ᱞᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ - ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ, ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ, ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce02russ_0|year=1916|publisher=Macmillan and Co|location=London|title=The tribes and castes of the Central Provinces of India}} {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyxuAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA126|title=Bihar District Gazetteers, Volume 12; Volume 16|year=1970|author=Pranab Chandra Roy Choudhury|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩ-ᱚᱬᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱛᱩᱢᱫᱟᱜ]], ᱰᱷᱳᱞ, [[ᱴᱟᱢᱟᱠ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrumDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT144|title=Environment, Knowledge and Gender: Local Development in India's Jharkhand|isbn=978-1351729895|access-date=4 April 2022|last1=Jewitt|first1=Sarah|date=31 July 2019|publisher=Routledge }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱡᱟᱹᱦᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤ (ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱱᱥᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ]] ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA99|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyanand|website=books.google|isbn=9789351867982|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=19 August 2002|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46519807.pdf|title=An Anthropological Study of Rural Jharkhand, India|first=Alpa|last=Shah|page=53|date=2003|access-date=8 November 2022|quote=Jharkhand categorises the Mahelis along with the Oraon, Munda and Badaiks, as a Scheduled Tribe}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
*{{Cite book| first=A.B. |last=Ota | title=Mahali |year=2014 |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ]]</text>
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| group            = ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ
| population       = ᱑᱕᱕,᱐᱒᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ)
| total_ref        = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| popplace         = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ 
| region1          = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop1             = ᱑᱕᱒,᱖᱖᱓
| region2          = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop2             = ᱒,᱓᱖᱐
| region3          = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]]
| pop3             = ᱑᱓,᱔᱕᱒ (᱑᱙᱕᱑ {{estimated}})
| ref3             = &lt;ref name=1951Estimate&gt;{{cite web |title=Estimated Population by Castes, 5. Assam – Census 1951 |year=1954 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308003624/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2024 |url-status=live |publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India |access-date=7 August 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region4          = ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ
| pop4             = ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ) 
| langs            = '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] &lt;br /&gt;'''[[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]
| religions        = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India&quot;. www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
| related          = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]]{{•}}[[ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ]]{{•}}ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ{{*}}[[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]]
}}

'''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ''' (ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ '''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20&amp;%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20(SCHEDULED%20TRIBES)%20ORDER,%201950.pdf | title = The Constitution (Scheduled tribes) Order, 1950 | pages = 173, 182 | publisher = Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India | access-date = 11 March 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114304/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20%26%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20%28SCHEDULED%20TRIBES%29%20ORDER%2C%201950.pdf | archive-date = 27 January 2018 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3gzryWrMuQC&amp;q=mahli+tribe&amp;pg=PA53|title=Tanks in Eastern India: A Study in Exploration|isbn=9789290907312|last1=Pant|first1=Niranjan|last2=Verma|first2=R. K.|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ]], [[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ)|ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ota |first=A.B. |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |title=Mahali |website=tribal.nic.in |year=2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mjx|title=Mahali|website=ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 'ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Zakarias Dumri, BA (Hons), MA in History from Rajshahi University &amp; Director-MAASAUS, a centre working for development of the Mahles located at Village-Damkura, PS-Poba, District-Rajshahi&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱪᱮᱛ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱤᱠᱽᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ - ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱩᱥᱳ, ᱠᱳᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱝᱜᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;'The Mahali Community of Damkura', Sheikh Mehedi Hasan, The Daily Prothom Alo, 24 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱸᱥᱯᱷᱳᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤ, ᱛᱟᱸᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱲᱮ), ᱵᱷᱩᱠᱛᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱰᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱤ), ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱦᱮ), ᱤᱱᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱺᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ), ᱠᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱥᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱨᱜᱟᱪᱷ (ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱷᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ), ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱮᱨᱠᱮᱴᱴᱟ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱢᱟᱦᱩᱠᱟᱞ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱛᱤᱨᱠᱤ, ᱛᱩᱱᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱛᱩᱨᱩ, ᱞᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ - ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ, ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ, ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce02russ_0|year=1916|publisher=Macmillan and Co|location=London|title=The tribes and castes of the Central Provinces of India}} {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyxuAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA126|title=Bihar District Gazetteers, Volume 12; Volume 16|year=1970|author=Pranab Chandra Roy Choudhury|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩ-ᱚᱬᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱛᱩᱢᱫᱟᱜ]], ᱰᱷᱳᱞ, [[ᱴᱟᱢᱟᱠ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrumDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT144|title=Environment, Knowledge and Gender: Local Development in India's Jharkhand|isbn=978-1351729895|access-date=4 April 2022|last1=Jewitt|first1=Sarah|date=31 July 2019|publisher=Routledge }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱡᱟᱹᱦᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤ (ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱱᱥᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ]] ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA99|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyanand|website=books.google|isbn=9789351867982|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=19 August 2002|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46519807.pdf|title=An Anthropological Study of Rural Jharkhand, India|first=Alpa|last=Shah|page=53|date=2003|access-date=8 November 2022|quote=Jharkhand categorises the Mahelis along with the Oraon, Munda and Badaiks, as a Scheduled Tribe}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
*{{Cite book| first=A.B. |last=Ota | title=Mahali |year=2014 |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>la47d0k1i5pl6c05t6pknfas1sd43pd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T11:23:30Z</timestamp>
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        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
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      <text bytes="10845" sha1="d5xbcy9l49q1ppv2i25q7hpezixak35" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ
| population       = ᱑᱕᱕,᱐᱒᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ)
| total_ref        = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| popplace         = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ 
| region1          = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop1             = ᱑᱕᱒,᱖᱖᱓
| region2          = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop2             = ᱒,᱓᱖᱐
| region3          = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]]
| pop3             = ᱑᱓,᱔᱕᱒ (᱑᱙᱕᱑ {{estimated}})
| ref3             = &lt;ref name=1951Estimate&gt;{{cite web |title=Estimated Population by Castes, 5. Assam – Census 1951 |year=1954 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308003624/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2024 |url-status=live |publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India |access-date=7 August 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region4          = ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ
| pop4             = ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ) 
| langs            = '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] &lt;br /&gt;'''[[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]
| religions        = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India&quot;. www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
| related          = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]]{{•}}[[ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ]]{{•}}ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ{{*}}[[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]]
}}

'''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ''' (ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ '''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20&amp;%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20(SCHEDULED%20TRIBES)%20ORDER,%201950.pdf | title = The Constitution (Scheduled tribes) Order, 1950 | pages = 173, 182 | publisher = Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India | access-date = 11 March 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114304/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20%26%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20%28SCHEDULED%20TRIBES%29%20ORDER%2C%201950.pdf | archive-date = 27 January 2018 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3gzryWrMuQC&amp;q=mahli+tribe&amp;pg=PA53|title=Tanks in Eastern India: A Study in Exploration|isbn=9789290907312|last1=Pant|first1=Niranjan|last2=Verma|first2=R. K.|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ]], [[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ)|ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ota |first=A.B. |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |title=Mahali |website=tribal.nic.in |year=2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mjx|title=Mahali|website=ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 'ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Zakarias Dumri, BA (Hons), MA in History from Rajshahi University &amp; Director-MAASAUS, a centre working for development of the Mahles located at Village-Damkura, PS-Poba, District-Rajshahi&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱪᱮᱛ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱤᱠᱽᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ - ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱩᱥᱳ, ᱠᱳᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱝᱜᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;'The Mahali Community of Damkura', Sheikh Mehedi Hasan, The Daily Prothom Alo, 24 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱸᱥᱯᱷᱳᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤ, ᱛᱟᱸᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱲᱮ), ᱵᱷᱩᱠᱛᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱰᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱤ), ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱦᱮ), ᱤᱱᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱺᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ), ᱠᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱥᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱨᱜᱟᱪᱷ (ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱷᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ), ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱮᱨᱠᱮᱴᱴᱟ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱢᱟᱦᱩᱠᱟᱞ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱛᱤᱨᱠᱤ, ᱛᱩᱱᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱛᱩᱨᱩ, ᱞᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ - ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ, ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ, ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce02russ_0|year=1916|publisher=Macmillan and Co|location=London|title=The tribes and castes of the Central Provinces of India}} {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyxuAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA126|title=Bihar District Gazetteers, Volume 12; Volume 16|year=1970|author=Pranab Chandra Roy Choudhury|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩ-ᱚᱬᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱛᱩᱢᱫᱟᱜ]], ᱰᱷᱳᱞ, [[ᱴᱟᱢᱟᱠ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrumDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT144|title=Environment, Knowledge and Gender: Local Development in India's Jharkhand|isbn=978-1351729895|access-date=4 April 2022|last1=Jewitt|first1=Sarah|date=31 July 2019|publisher=Routledge }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱡᱟᱹᱦᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤ (ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱱᱥᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ]] ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA99|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyanand|website=books.google|isbn=9789351867982|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=19 August 2002|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46519807.pdf|title=An Anthropological Study of Rural Jharkhand, India|first=Alpa|last=Shah|page=53|date=2003|access-date=8 November 2022|quote=Jharkhand categorises the Mahelis along with the Oraon, Munda and Badaiks, as a Scheduled Tribe}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
*{{Cite book| first=A.B. |last=Ota | title=Mahali |year=2014 |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>191364</id>
      <parentid>191363</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T11:23:58Z</timestamp>
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        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
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      <comment>/* ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ */ +</comment>
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      <text bytes="10878" sha1="hcnq5i546utxoh57xllaoxx2ghjpndm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ
| population       = ᱑᱕᱕,᱐᱒᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ)
| total_ref        = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=3 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| popplace         = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ 
| region1          = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| pop1             = ᱑᱕᱒,᱖᱖᱓
| region2          = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| pop2             = ᱒,᱓᱖᱐
| region3          = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]]
| pop3             = ᱑᱓,᱔᱕᱒ (᱑᱙᱕᱑ {{estimated}})
| ref3             = &lt;ref name=1951Estimate&gt;{{cite web |title=Estimated Population by Castes, 5. Assam – Census 1951 |year=1954 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308003624/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2024 |url-status=live |publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India |access-date=7 August 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region4          = ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ
| pop4             = ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ) 
| langs            = '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] &lt;br /&gt;'''[[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]
| religions        = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India&quot;. www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
| related          = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]]{{•}}[[ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ]]{{•}}ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ{{*}}[[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]]
}}

'''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ''' (ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ '''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20&amp;%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20(SCHEDULED%20TRIBES)%20ORDER,%201950.pdf | title = The Constitution (Scheduled tribes) Order, 1950 | pages = 173, 182 | publisher = Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India | access-date = 11 March 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114304/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20%26%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20%28SCHEDULED%20TRIBES%29%20ORDER%2C%201950.pdf | archive-date = 27 January 2018 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3gzryWrMuQC&amp;q=mahli+tribe&amp;pg=PA53|title=Tanks in Eastern India: A Study in Exploration|isbn=9789290907312|last1=Pant|first1=Niranjan|last2=Verma|first2=R. K.|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ]], [[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ)|ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ota |first=A.B. |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |title=Mahali |website=tribal.nic.in |year=2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mjx|title=Mahali|website=ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 'ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Zakarias Dumri, BA (Hons), MA in History from Rajshahi University &amp; Director-MAASAUS, a centre working for development of the Mahles located at Village-Damkura, PS-Poba, District-Rajshahi&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱪᱮᱛ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱤᱠᱽᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ - ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱩᱥᱳ, ᱠᱳᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱝᱜᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;'The Mahali Community of Damkura', Sheikh Mehedi Hasan, The Daily Prothom Alo, 24 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱸᱥᱯᱷᱳᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤ, ᱛᱟᱸᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱲᱮ), ᱵᱷᱩᱠᱛᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱰᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱤ), ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱦᱮ), ᱤᱱᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱺᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ), ᱠᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱥᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱨᱜᱟᱪᱷ (ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱷᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ), ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱮᱨᱠᱮᱴᱴᱟ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱢᱟᱦᱩᱠᱟᱞ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱛᱤᱨᱠᱤ, ᱛᱩᱱᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱛᱩᱨᱩ, ᱞᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ - ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ, ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ, ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce02russ_0|year=1916|publisher=Macmillan and Co|location=London|title=The tribes and castes of the Central Provinces of India}} {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyxuAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA126|title=Bihar District Gazetteers, Volume 12; Volume 16|year=1970|author=Pranab Chandra Roy Choudhury|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩ-ᱚᱬᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱛᱩᱢᱫᱟᱜ]], ᱰᱷᱳᱞ, [[ᱴᱟᱢᱟᱠ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrumDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT144|title=Environment, Knowledge and Gender: Local Development in India's Jharkhand|isbn=978-1351729895|access-date=4 April 2022|last1=Jewitt|first1=Sarah|date=31 July 2019|publisher=Routledge }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱡᱟᱹᱦᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤ (ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱱᱥᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ]] ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA99|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyanand|website=books.google|isbn=9789351867982|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=19 August 2002|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46519807.pdf|title=An Anthropological Study of Rural Jharkhand, India|first=Alpa|last=Shah|page=53|date=2003|access-date=8 November 2022|quote=Jharkhand categorises the Mahelis along with the Oraon, Munda and Badaiks, as a Scheduled Tribe}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
*{{Cite book| first=A.B. |last=Ota | title=Mahali |year=2014 |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&amp;file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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    <title>ᱞᱳᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱠᱠᱨᱤ</title>
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{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱞᱳᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱠᱠᱨᱤ
| image              = Logan McCree.jpg
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = Philipp Tanzer
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1977|12|31}}
| birth_place        = [[Pforzheim]], [[West Germany]]
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| nationality        = German
| other_names        = DJ Krieger
| years_active       = 2007–2016
| employer           = [[Raging Stallion Studios]] (fmr.)
| height             = {{convert|5|ft|8|in|order=flip|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;about&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=McCree |first1=Logan |title=About Me |url=http://www.official-loganmccree.com/index.php/en/about-me |website=Logan McCree Official Fansite |access-date=18 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029212451/http://www.official-loganmccree.com/index.php/en/about-me |archive-date=2014-10-29 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| spouse             = 
| website            = {{URL|http://www.loganmccree.tv/}}
}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''ᱞᱳᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱠᱠᱨᱤ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱗᱗ᱼᱨᱮ '''ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯ''' ᱴᱟᱱᱡᱟᱨ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱠᱨᱤᱜᱟᱨᱵᱤᱴᱡ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱜᱟᱨ''' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ , ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱼᱯᱳᱨᱚᱝᱜᱤ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱮᱡ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱒᱙᱙᱗ᱼᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱼᱯᱳᱨᱳᱜᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱥᱩᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱝ ᱥᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱴᱩᱫᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ|ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ]] ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱩᱛᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱠᱟᱨᱯ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱴᱴᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ [[ᱰᱤᱥᱠᱳ ᱡᱚᱠᱤ(ᱰᱤᱡᱮ)|ᱰᱤᱡᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱢᱮᱠᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ Mr. ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ, ᱤᱱᱠ ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱯᱷᱮᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱨᱟᱵᱤ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱠᱨᱤ ' ᱫᱟ ''ᱰᱨᱤᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨ'' ' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾  ᱥᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠ [[Vinnie D'Angelo|ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱤ ᱰᱤ ' ᱮᱱᱡᱮᱞᱳ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧᱼᱫᱩᱱᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 December 2008 |title=Who do you envy most, Logan McCree or Vinnie D'Angelo? |url=http://menofporn.typepad.com/menofporn/2008/12/who-do-you-envy-most-logan-mccree-or-vinnie-dangelo.html |access-date=19 July 2015 |website=Men of Porn}}&lt;/ref&gt;  2009 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ' ᱫᱟ ''ᱰᱨᱤᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨ'' ' ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾  ᱢᱮᱠᱠᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤ ' ᱮᱱᱡᱮᱞᱳ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱤᱠᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱵᱵᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱮᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ' ᱫᱟ ''ᱰᱨᱤᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨ'' ' ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱨᱟᱵᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱭᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱜᱨᱮᱵᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱭᱮ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱳᱭᱮᱵᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ &quot; ᱞᱳᱜᱟᱱᱢᱠᱨᱤ. ᱴᱵᱷᱤ &quot; ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Fairview1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fairview |first=Sue |date=2 April 2011 |title=Logan McCree: A candid and intimate interview, part 1 |url=http://suefairview.com/2011/04/02/logan-mccree-a-candid-and-intimate-interview-part-1/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425043944/http://suefairview.com/2011/04/02/logan-mccree-a-candid-and-intimate-interview-part-1/ |archive-date=25 April 2011 |access-date=19 July 2015 |website=Fair View |publisher=suefairview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=McCree |first=Logan |title=LoganMcCree.tv |url=https://www.loganmccree.tv/ |access-date=19 July 2015 |archive-date=7 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207083022/https://www.loganmccree.tv/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱠᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱼᱡᱩᱠᱤᱥᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Porn Star Logan McCree Suggests Gay Community Is Intolerant Of Bisexuals |url=http://www.ontopmag.com/article/9403/Porn_Star_Logan_McCree_Suggests_Gay_Community_Is_Intolerant_Of_Bisexuals |access-date=2020-03-23 |publisher=On Top Magazine }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 2012 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞᱵᱟᱨᱢ ᱟᱞᱳᱭᱮᱹᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱭᱩ ᱥᱤᱭᱩ ᱟᱜ &quot; ᱡᱳᱭ ᱥᱟᱝ &quot; ᱼ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ 2016 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱨᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱠᱠᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮᱼᱵᱮᱹᱞᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱠᱷᱤᱱᱼᱵᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 April 2021 |title=Former gay adult film star is now an anti-LGBTQ political candidate |url=https://www.metroweekly.com/2021/04/former-gay-adult-film-star-logan-mccree-philipp-tanzer-anti-lgbtq-far-right-scotland/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=An Award-Winning Porn Star's Strange Path to Men's Rights Activism |url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/ne5qyg/an-award-winning-porn-stars-strange-path-to-mens-rights-activism |access-date=2020-03-23 |publisher=Vice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱴᱮᱨᱳᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱤᱠ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ , ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨᱛᱮ &quot; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱼᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ &quot; ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱰᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ &quot; ᱵᱨᱳᱠᱱᱮᱱᱥ &quot; ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱞᱡᱤᱵᱤᱴᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ , ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 April 2021 |title=Gay Porn Stars On Youtube |url=https://www.queermenow.net/blog/gay-porn-youtube-logan-mccree-blake-mitchell-daniel-shoneye-kayden-gray/ |access-date=2021-04-13 |publisher=Queer Me Now |archive-date=2021-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426055255/https://www.queermenow.net/blog/gay-porn-youtube-logan-mccree-blake-mitchell-daniel-shoneye-kayden-gray/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱠᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ , 2021 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱭᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱟᱢᱤᱞᱤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/04/06/philipp-tanzer-logan-mccree-gay-porn-star-scottish-parliament-election-family-party/|title=Gay porn star runs in Scottish parliament elections for far-right, notoriously homophobic party|last=Kelleher|first=Patrick|date=6 April 2021|work=[[PinkNews]]|access-date=6 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱟᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ 1,976 ᱵᱷᱟᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱠᱠᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ꯄꯥꯔᱟᱞᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.obantimes.co.uk/2021/05/08/list-results-declared-for-highlands-and-islands/|title=List results for Highlands and Islands|date=8 May 2021|work=[[The Oban Times]]|access-date=10 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ==

* 2004 ᱢᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱫᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱱᱤ
* 2009 ᱜᱚᱭᱤᱹᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2009 GayVN Winners |url=http://www.radvideo.com/news/article.php?ID=100071 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091219121855/http://www.radvideo.com/news/article.php?ID=100071 |archive-date=2009-12-19 |publisher=RAD Video}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Raging Stallion Sweeps the GAYVN Awards: Full list of winners |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/34849.html |publisher=AVN |access-date=2023-08-27 |archive-date=2010-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502062505/http://business.avn.com/articles/34849.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
** ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
** ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱠᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱱᱼᱵᱷᱤᱱᱤ ᱰᱤ ' ᱮᱝᱜᱮᱞᱳ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ' ᱫᱟ ''ᱰᱨᱤᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨ'' ' ᱼ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱩᱭᱳ ᱾
** ᱨᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱠᱳᱴ ᱴᱮᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱼᱴ ᱫᱟ ᱞᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱾
* 2009 ᱜᱨᱟᱵᱤ ᱮᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;2009Grabbys&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 May 2009 |title=Grabby Award Winners 2009 |url=http://www.grabbys.com/nominations-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190609/http://grabbys.com/nominations-2009.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |publisher=Grabbys / Rainbow Collexion}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠ ' ᱫᱟ ''ᱰᱨᱤᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨ'' '
** ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱤᱠᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱱᱮ ' ᱫᱟ ''ᱰᱨᱤᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨ'' ' ᱵᱷᱤᱰ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱤ ᱰᱤ ' ᱮᱝᱜᱮᱞᱳ
** ᱨᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱠᱳᱴ ᱴᱮᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱛᱤᱭᱩᱭ ᱥᱤᱠᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱼ ᱴᱩ ᱫᱟ ᱞᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱾
* 2010 ᱮᱠᱥᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Katz |first=Lyla |date=11 February 2010 |title=XBIZ Awards 2010 Winners Announced |url=http://www.xbiz.com/news/117447 |access-date=2010-03-16 |publisher=[[XBIZ|XBIZ.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱭᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱟᱨ ᱾
* 2010 ᱜᱚᱭᱤᱹᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Performer Profile: Logan McCree |url=http://gay.avn.com/porn-stars/Logan-McCree-295541.html |access-date=18 July 2015 |publisher=GayVN |archive-date=15 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915091031/http://gay.avn.com/porn-stars/Logan-McCree-295541.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
** ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱨ

== ᱱᱤᱱᱤᱢᱟᱱ ==
ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱠᱠᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

* 2009 ᱜᱚᱭᱤᱹᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;GayVN2009Nom&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2009 GAYVN Award Nominees Announced |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/gay/2009-GAYVN-Award-Nominees-Announced-302586.html |access-date=20 July 2015 |publisher=[[Adult Video News]] |archive-date=5 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005070233/http://business.avn.com/articles/gay/2009-GAYVN-Award-Nominees-Announced-302586.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
** ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠ ' ᱫᱟ ''ᱰᱨᱤᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨ'' '
** ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱞᱳᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱠᱠᱨᱤ ᱫᱟ ''ᱰᱨᱤᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨ''
** ᱥᱠᱳᱴ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱵᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱠᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱱ ᱰᱤᱭᱳᱼ ᱴᱩ ᱫᱟ ᱞᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱾
** [[Dak Ramsey|ᱫᱟᱠ ᱨᱟᱢᱥᱮ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱳᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱛᱨᱤᱛᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱴᱟᱨ 2 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱾
* 2009 ᱜᱨᱟᱵᱤ ᱮᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;2009Grabbys&quot;/&gt;
** ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱞᱳᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱠᱠᱨᱤ ᱫᱟ ''ᱰᱨᱤᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨ''
** ᱫᱟᱠ ᱨᱟᱢᱥᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱳᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱳᱜᱮᱥᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱼᱦᱳᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱚᱴᱟᱨ 2 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱾
* 2010 ᱜᱚᱭᱤᱹᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾
** ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱨ
* 2012 ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤ ᱮᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;2012Grabbys&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Grabby Award Winners 2012 |url=http://www.grabbys.com/Winners2012.html |access-date=20 July 2015 |publisher=Grabby Awards |archive-date=20 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720135405/http://www.grabbys.com/Winners2012.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
** ᱦᱳᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱨᱤᱢᱤᱝ ᱡᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴᱥᱼ 1 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ [[Wilfried Knight|ᱩᱭᱤᱞᱯᱷᱨᱤᱰ ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ

== ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ ==
 

* ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾
* ᱜᱮᱭ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱾
* ᱮᱞᱡᱤᱵᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱾
* ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱭᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱾

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}
{{S-start}} {{s-ach|aw}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-end}}

=== ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛᱠᱚ ===

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060815135532/http://www.grabbys.com/ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤ ᱮᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱾]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090219174724/http://gayvnawards.avn.com/noms/pastwinners.html ᱜᱮᱭ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱾]

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==

* {{Official website|http://www.loganmccree.com}}
* {{Facebook|LoganMcCree.tv}}
* {{IMDb name|2878097}}
* {{iafd name|loganmccree|name=Logan McCree}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081226213637/http://www.wtule.net/s42928.html Logan McCree] at the Gay Erotic Video Index
* Official fan site: http://www.official-loganmccree.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318190558/http://www.official-loganmccree.com/ |date=2020-03-18 }}
* Private video site: https://www.loganmccree.tv {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207083022/https://www.loganmccree.tv/ |date=2014-02-07 }}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBmLs-KCzpk Interview for Gay et après? Berlín], LesGaiCineMad 2008
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱰᱟᱞᱴ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱰᱟᱞᱴ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱨᱱᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱮᱰᱟᱞᱴ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]</text>
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    <title>ᱟᱨᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ</title>
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        <id>3665</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="6600" sha1="ed7zk4o70s2qv7t3py7eg8sd3yb90hf" xml:space="preserve">ᱟᱨᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱢᱦᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱭᱱ ᱡᱮᱭᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
{{Short description|Private university in Jharkhand, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox university
 | name                   = Arka Jain University
 | native_name            = 
 | native_name_lang       = 
 | image                  = Arka Jain University logo.png
 | image_upright          = 
 | image_alt              = 
 | caption                = 
 | latin_name             = 
 | other_name             = AJU
 | former_name            = &lt;!--or, former_names--&gt;
 | motto                  = 
 | motto_lang             = 
 | mottoeng               = 
 | top_free_label         = 
 | top_free               = 
 | type                   = [[Private university (India)|Private]]
 | established            = 2017 ; 6 years ago
 | closed                 = &lt;!-- {{end date|YYYY}} --&gt;
 | founder                = 
 | parent                 = 
 | affiliation            = 
 | religious_affiliation  = 
 | academic_affiliation   = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[Pharmacy Council of India|PCI]], [[Bar Council of India|BCI]]
 | endowment              = 
 | budget                 = 
 | officer_in_charge      = 
 | chairman               = 
 | chairperson            = 
 | chancellor             = [[Chenraj Roychand]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chancellor – ARKA JAIN UNIVERSITY |url=https://arkajainuniversity.ac.in/administrators/chancellor/ |access-date=8 October 2021 |website=ARKA JAIN UNIVERSITY }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | president              = 
 | vice-president         = 
 | superintendent         = 
 | vice_chancellor        = Syed Safdar Razi
 | provost                = 
 | rector                 = 
 | principal              = 
 | dean                   = 
 | director               = 
 | head_label             = 
 | head                   = 
 | academic_staff         = 
 | administrative_staff   = 
 | students               = 5000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Why Choose AJU – ARKA JAIN UNIVERSITY |url=https://arkajainuniversity.ac.in/admissions/why-choose-aju/ |access-date=8 October 2021 |website=ARKA JAIN UNIVERSITY }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | undergrad              = 
 | postgrad               = 
 | doctoral               = 
 | other                  = 
 | address                = 
 | city                   = [[Jamshedpur]]
 | state                  = [[Jharkhand]]
 | province               = 
 | country                = [[India]]
 | postcode               = 
 | coordinates            = {{coord|22.8041103|N|86.180216|E|region:LK_type:edu|display=inline, title}}
 | pushpin_map            = 
 | campus                 = [[Urban area|Urban]]
 | language               = 
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 | colors                 = &lt;!--or, colours= --&gt;
 | athletics              = 
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 | athletics_nickname     = &lt;!--or,  sports_nickname= --&gt;
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 | mascot                 = &lt;!--or, mascots= --&gt;
 | sports_free_label      = 
 | sports_free            = 
 | sports_free_label2     = 
 | sports_free2           = 
 | website                = {{url|http://www.arkajainuniversity.ac.in|Official Website}}
 | logo                   = 
 | logo_size              = 
 | logo_alt               = 
 | footnotes              = 
}}

==ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ==
ᱟᱨᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱭᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱴᱤ, ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ, ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ, ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱱᱴᱟᱭᱤᱴᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱳᱠᱴᱚᱨᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤᱝ, ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ, ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱮᱥᱤ, ᱚᱯᱴᱚᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤ, ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ, ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥ ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ, ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ, ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱸᱜᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚ

==ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ==
ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ (AJU CET) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ/ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱥᱴ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱮᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱭᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱜᱨᱟᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ (UGC) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱮᱥᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱮᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ.) ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (ᱵᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ.) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ==
==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==</text>
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        <id>3665</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱠᱟᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱱᱱᱟ
| image              = Karishma Tanna at an event in Pali Hill.jpg
| image_size         = 
| caption            = ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱱᱱᱟ
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1977|12|21}}
| birth_place        = ᱢᱤᱢᱵᱟᱹᱭ, ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ,ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| nationality        = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ
| occupation         = ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱥᱴ
| years_active       = 2001–ᱱᱤᱛ
| height             = 
| spouse             = {{marriage|ᱵᱚᱨᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱜᱮᱨᱟ|2022}}
}}

'''ᱠᱟᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱱᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱮᱨᱟ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ 21 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 1977) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱝᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ 2001 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱭᱩᱱᱠᱤ ᱥᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱚᱦᱩ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱠᱷᱤ, ''ᱱᱟᱜᱤᱱ 3'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱠᱟᱭᱟᱢᱚᱛ ᱠᱤ ᱨᱚᱛ''  ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 2014 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱥᱳ ᱵᱤᱜ ᱵᱟᱥ 8 ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ 1 ᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱱᱟᱨᱼᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱠᱴᱟᱨᱼᱠᱷᱚᱛᱨᱳ ᱠᱮ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱟᱨᱤ 10 ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/television/karishma-tanna-applying-aloe-vera-gel-on-face-video-viral-on-internet-khatron-ke-khiladi-winner-2274084|title='खतरों के खिलाड़ी' की इस विनर ने तोड़ा एलोवेरा और लगीं चेहरे पर मलने...देखें Video|last=गौड़|first=प्रतिभा|date=4 August 2020|access-date=7 August 2020|publisher=NDTV|language=hi|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806102914/https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/television/karishma-tanna-applying-aloe-vera-gel-on-face-video-viral-on-internet-khatron-ke-khiladi-winner-2274084|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/khatron-ke-khiladi-10-winner-is-karishma-tanna-karan-patel-declared-runner-up/story-j3wOwSeDpH978vCJ1aCn5O.html|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 10 winner is Karishma Tanna, Karan Patel declared runner-up|date=26 July 2020|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/karishma-tanna-khatron-ke-khiladi-10-winner-rohit-shetty-6525387/|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 10 winner Karishma Tanna: My only fear was not performing to the best of my ability|last=Farzeen|first=Sana|date=27 July 2020|work=The Indian Express|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱛᱟᱱᱱᱟ 21 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 1983 ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱡᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;bd1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/TVs-leggy-lass-Karishma-Tanna-turns-a-year-older/photostory/50265382.cms|title=TV's leggy lass Karishma Tanna turns a year older|date=21 December 2015|work=The Times of India|access-date=28 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bd2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://newsworldindia.in/photos/7-super-hot-pics-of-birthday-girl-karishma-tanna/163435/|title=TV Hottie Karishma Tanna Turns 32|date=21 December 2015|work=News World India|access-date=28 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121085118/http://newsworldindia.in/photos/7-super-hot-pics-of-birthday-girl-karishma-tanna/163435/|archive-date=21 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱳᱨ ᱥᱳᱯᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, 2012 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Rashmi |date=17 December 2014 |title=Bigg Boss 8: Karishma Tanna finds support from Twitterati after Puneet Issar's daughter make outrageous comment! |url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/bigg-boss-8-karishma-tanna-finds-support-from-twitterati-after-puneet-issars-daughter-make-outrageous-comment-224625/ |access-date=13 August 2016 |website=India.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==

=== 2000-2006: ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱥᱴᱤᱼᱯᱷᱨᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ===
ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱵᱟᱞᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱤᱞᱚᱢᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱯ ᱚᱯᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱤᱭᱩᱱᱠᱤ ᱥᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱳᱭ ᱛᱤ  ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140502-family-affair-indian-soap-operas|title=Indian soap operas: Family affairs|last=Pandey|first=Geeta|date=2 May 2014|access-date=9 October 2014|publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-biggboss8-karishma-tanna-says-she-s-not-a-jobless-actor-2020805|title=#BiggBoss8: Karishma Tanna says she's not a jobless actor|date=22 September 2014|access-date=9 October 2014|publisher=DNA|agency=DNA Webdesk}}&lt;/ref&gt;ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱦᱤ ᱛᱳᱢᱤᱞᱟᱝᱜᱮ ᱥᱳ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/television/bigg-boss-8-karishma-tanna-says-she-wants-overcome-fear-of-vulnerability-669757|title=Bigg Boss 8: Karishma Tanna Says She Wants Overcome Fear of Vulnerability|date=23 September 2014|access-date=9 October 2014|publisher=NDTV|agency=Press Trust Of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱴᱤᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡ ᱠᱳᱭᱤ ᱫᱤᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱩᱛᱤᱠᱟ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱛᱟᱱᱱᱟ ᱾  ᱩᱱᱤ 'ᱮᱠ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱤ ᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤ' ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝᱼᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;breakingfree&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-breaking-free-from-a-cute-image-1056287|title=Breaking free from a cute image|last=Khan|first=Shameem|date=2 October 2006|access-date=9 October 2014|publisher=DNA}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱟᱱᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ 2005 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱳᱥᱛᱤᱼᱯᱷᱨᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱱᱫᱤᱱᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱭᱩᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱟᱞᱠᱷᱤ ᱾'' ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
[[ᱨᱮᱫ:Karishma_tanna_utv_walk_of_stars.jpg|thumb|2012 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱱᱱᱟ ᱾]]
2007 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱼᱵᱮᱹᱰ ᱠᱳᱢᱰᱤ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡ ''ᱠᱳᱢᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱥ'' ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 June 2007 |title=Sony innovates 'Comedy Circus', introduces Johny Lever as judge |url=http://www.indiantelevision.org.in/headlines/y2k7/june/june366.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024143624/http://www.indiantelevision.org.in/headlines/y2k7/june/june366.php |archive-date=24 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |publisher=Indian Television Dot Com Pvt Ltd.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ  2010 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱵᱨᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ''ᱠᱳᱢᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱥ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱢ'' ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv-/Comedy-Circus-Mahasangram-begins/articleshow/5538835.cms|title=Comedy Circus Mahasangram begins|date=6 February 2010|access-date=25 October 2014|publisher=Bennett, Coleman &amp; Co. Ltd|agency=TNN}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2008 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱟᱨᱟ ᱱᱟᱪᱠᱮ ᱫᱤᱠᱷᱟ'' ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱱ ᱡᱤᱛᱮᱜᱟ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱭᱩᱰ ᱠᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ''ᱠᱟᱦᱳ ᱱᱟ ᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱭ'' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
[[ᱨᱮᱫ:Kaishma_House-of-Mirabella.jpg|left|thumb|2017 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱱᱱᱟ ᱾]]

== ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
2014 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠ ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱴᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱰᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱜ ᱵᱟᱥ 8 ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱧᱮᱯᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 May 2015 |title=Karishma Tanna, Upen Patel get engaged on sets of 'Nach Baliye 7' |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/karishma-tanna-upen-patel-get-engaged-on-sets-of-nach-baliye-7/16205161 |access-date=10 May 2016 |website=Mid Day |archive-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101235006/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/karishma-tanna-upen-patel-get-engaged-on-sets-of-nach-baliye-7/16205161 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;love&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 December 2015 |title=Of course marriage is on the cards: Upen and Karishma |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/of-course-marriage-is-on-the-cards-upen-and-karishma/story-OeIBelHDfTAE4gs4ySLpKI.html |access-date=28 April 2016 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2016 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ , ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;broke up&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 July 2016 |title=Sometimes Two Wonderful People Are Not Meant To Be Together, Says Karishma Tanna |url=http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sometimes-two-wonderful-people-are-not-meant-to-be-together-says-karishma-tanna-on-her-break-up-with-upen-259214.html |access-date=1 August 2016 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=1 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801213142/http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sometimes-two-wonderful-people-are-not-meant-to-be-together-says-karishma-tanna-on-her-break-up-with-upen-259214.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[ᱨᱮᱫ:Karishma-Tanna-and-Varun-Bangera-snapped-post-their-wedding.jpg|thumb|250x250px| ᱠᱟᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱱᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱮᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾]]
ᱛᱟᱱᱱᱟ 2021 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱞ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱨᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱰᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱴ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾  2022 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 5 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱨᱩᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱮᱨᱟ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Karishma Tanna's husband Varun Bangera is a Mumbai based businessman; his education to real estate company, all you got to know about him |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karishma-tannas-husband-varun-bangera-is-a-mumbai-based-businessman-his-education-to-real-estate-company-all-you-got-to-know-about-him/photostory/89455991.cms |access-date=12 February 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 February 2022 |title=Karishma Tanna and Varun Bangera are married, see bride and groom's first pics, videos from the wedding |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/karishma-tanna-and-varun-bangera-are-married-see-bride-and-groom-s-first-pic-from-the-wedding-101644066966437.html |access-date=12 February 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱳᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ ==

=== ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ===

=== ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ===

=== ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ===

=== ᱣᱮᱵᱽ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡ ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ 
!ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ 
!ᱮᱱᱮᱢ 
!ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱟᱢ 
!ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤ
|-
|2018–2019
|''ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱮ ᱛᱩᱵᱷᱤ ᱢᱳᱦᱚᱵᱵᱚᱛ'' 
|ᱡᱳᱭᱟ ᱦᱳᱥᱮᱱ 
|ᱮᱹᱞᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱞᱟᱡᱤ
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/karrle-tu-bhi-mohabbat-season-3-ram-kapoor-sakshi-tanwar-s-love-story-takes-a-hit-metoo-connect-adds-drama/story-kKIJpxb47NcYZLjHdMRGlN.html|title=Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat season 3: Ram Kapoor, Sakshi Tanwar's love story takes a hit, MeToo connect adds drama|last=Kaushal|first=Ruchi|date=12 April 2019|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=21 March 2021|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''ᱵᱚᱞᱮᱴ'' 
|ᱞᱳᱞᱳ
|[[ᱮᱢ. ᱮᱠᱥ. ᱯᱞᱮᱭᱟᱹᱨ|ᱮᱢ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/sunny-leone-is-all-excited-to-do-high-octane-action-in-new-web-series-bullets-1757146-2021-01-08|title=Sunny Leone is all excited to do high-octane action in new web series Bullets|last=Keshri|first=Shweta|date=8 January 2021|work=India Today|access-date=21 March 2021|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|''ᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ'' 
|ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ
|ᱟᱢᱚᱡᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱤᱢ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/courtroom-drama-guilty-minds-to-stream-from-april-22/articleshow/90643892.cms|title=Courtroom drama 'Guilty Minds' to stream from April 22 - Times of India|date=4 April 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|''ᱦᱤᱥ ᱦᱤᱥ''
|ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱞᱟᱱ
|ᱟᱢᱚᱡᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱤᱢ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 September 2022 |title=Hush Hush: Suffocated Dolly Dalal aka Kritika Kamra fears grave consequences of her actions' |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/web-series/hush-hush-suffocated-dolly-dalal-aka-kritika-kamra-fears-grave-consequences-of-her-actions-watch-2511305.html |access-date=8 June 2022 |website=ZEENews India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|''ᱥᱠᱩᱯ''
|ᱡᱚᱜᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱠᱷᱚᱠ
|ᱱᱮᱴᱯᱷᱤᱞᱠ
|
|}

=== ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣᱳ ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
!ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ
!ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ
!ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤ
|-
|2002
|''ᱯᱮᱥᱟ'' 
|ᱚᱜᱳᱥ
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2010 |title=Paisa by Agosh |url=https://youtube.com/WDwTIIludJ8 |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''ᱠᱟᱴᱨᱟ''
|ᱥᱴᱮᱵᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱱ
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 January 2021 |title=Bandish Bandits Fame Ritwik Bhowmik Seen Romancing With Karishma Tanna In This New Song |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/bandish-bandits-fame-ritwik-bhowmik-seen-romancing-with-karishma-tanna-in-this-new-song-1435291 |website=ABP}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ==

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==</text>
      <sha1>go89tpmdfsyuzfmnk1gwo1foedasfij</sha1>
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    <title>ᱠᱩᱥᱦᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ</title>
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      <text bytes="14024" sha1="pciwopvg7uul5w6nxgwi2bvaofz42l4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱠᱩᱥᱦᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ
| image              = KhushaliKumar.jpg
| caption            = ᱠᱩᱥᱦᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ
| birth_name         = Khushali Kumar Dua
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1988|12|19|df=y}}&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/delhi/designer-khushali-kumars-birthday-party-in-delhi/articleshow/17743025.cms|title=Designer Khushali Kumar's birthday party in Delhi|date=2012-12-25|website=Times of India|language=en|access-date=2022-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_place        = [[ᱢᱤᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ 
| occupation         = [[ᱮᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ]]
| spouse             =
| nationality        = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ 
| parents            = [[ᱜᱩᱞᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ]] (father)&lt;br&gt;ᱥᱩᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ (mother)
| relatives          = 
| years_active       = 2021–ᱱᱤᱛ
| website            = 
}}
'''ᱠᱩᱥᱦᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱘) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/delhi/designer-khushali-kumars-birthday-party-in-delhi/articleshow/17743025.cms|title=Designer Khushali Kumar's birthday party in Delhi|date=2012-12-25|website=Times of India|language=en|access-date=2022-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱞᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gulshan Kumar's Daughter Khushali is All Set to Make Her Debut Opposite R. Madhavan |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/gulshan-kumars-daughter-khushali-kumar-is-all-set-to-make-her-bollywood-debut-opposite-r-madhavan-3754333/ |accessdate=7 April 2020 |work=India.com |date=24 August 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407103846/https://www.india.com/entertainment/gulshan-kumars-daughter-khushali-kumar-is-all-set-to-make-her-bollywood-debut-opposite-r-madhavan-3754333/ |archive-date=7 April 2020 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI-10Apr17&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/khushali-kumar-showcases-her-acting-prowess-in-a-new-single/articleshow/58093347.cms?from=mdr|title=Khushali Kumar showcases her acting prowess in a new single|date=10 April 2017|work=The Times Of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱞᱥᱤ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI-19Apr18&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/raat-kamal-hai-guru-randhawas-upcoming-song-will-witness-the-magic-of-kumar-sisters/articleshow/63833684.cms|title='Raat Kamal Hai': Guru Randhawa's upcoming song will witness the magic of Kumar sisters|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-27|date=19 Apr 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424073037/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/raat-kamal-hai-guru-randhawas-upcoming-song-will-witness-the-magic-of-kumar-sisters/articleshow/63833684.cms|archive-date=24 April 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-raat-kamaal-hai-guru-randhawa-s-latest-single-feat-khushali-kumar-promises-to-be-a-party-starter-2609445|title=Raat Kamaal Hai: Guru Randhawa's latest single feat Khushali Kumar promises to be a party starter|date=2018-04-28|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230052612/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-raat-kamaal-hai-guru-randhawa-s-latest-single-feat-khushali-kumar-promises-to-be-a-party-starter-2609445|archive-date=30 December 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱠᱩᱥᱦᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱙ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱤ-ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱩᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱩᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gulshan Kumar's daughter Khushali Kumar is making her Bollywood debut with this movie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/gulshan-kumars-daughter-khushali-kumar-is-making-her-bollywood-debut-with-this-movie/videoshow/70805351.cms |access-date= |publisher=[[The Times Of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&quot;/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱢᱮᱨᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱥᱴᱨᱟ &quot;i&quot; ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾

NIFT, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱱᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱭᱮᱴ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱤᱨᱟ, ᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱭᱤᱢᱥ, ᱡᱮᱱᱟ ᱰᱤᱣᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤ, ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI-30Apr14&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Khushali Kumar on dressing up Shakira |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/designers/Khushali-Kumar-on-dressing-up-Shakira/articleshow/31834463.cms |access-date=2019-12-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Dahi Cheeni actress Khushali Kumar shares video of self designed jacket and it is beautiful; WATCH |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/dahi-cheeni-actress-khushali-kumar-shares-video-self-designed-jacket-and-it-beautiful-watch-498836 |accessdate=11 January 2020 |archive-date=11 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111173320/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/dahi-cheeni-actress-khushali-kumar-shares-video-self-designed-jacket-and-it-beautiful-watch-498836 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ &quot;ᱣᱮᱭᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ&quot; ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;MidDay-19May14&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-05-18 |title=Shakira gave me greater recognition: Khushali Kumar |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/shakira-gave-me-greater-recognition-khushali-kumar/15305176 |access-date=2019-12-27 |website=mid-day |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IE-26Dec15&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-12-26 |title=Gulshan Kumar’s daughter Khushali to debut in music video |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/gulshan-kumars-daughter-khushali-to-debut-in-music-video/ |access-date=2019-12-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ==
ᱠᱩᱥᱦᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱥᱤ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱜᱩᱞᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱨᱯᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ &quot;ᱢᱮᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱯᱟ, ᱤᱠ ᱭᱟᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱱᱤ&quot; ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱮᱵᱩᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ &quot;ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱩ ᱤᱥᱠ ᱰᱟ&quot; ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ &quot;ᱦᱟᱭᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱨ&quot;, &quot;ᱨᱟᱛ ᱠᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱭ&quot; (ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱯᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI-10Apr172&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=10 April 2017 |title=Khushali Kumar showcases her acting prowess in a new single |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/khushali-kumar-showcases-her-acting-prowess-in-a-new-single/articleshow/58093347.cms?from=mdr |publisher=The Times Of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI-19Apr182&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 Apr 2018 |title=‘Raat Kamal Hai’: Guru Randhawa’s upcoming song will witness the magic of Kumar sisters |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/raat-kamal-hai-guru-randhawas-upcoming-song-will-witness-the-magic-of-kumar-sisters/articleshow/63833684.cms |access-date=2019-12-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱤ-ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱠᱤᱞ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ, ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱮᱰᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱟᱦᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱤ-ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱸᱪ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱰ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱳᱯ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱵᱭᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱣᱤᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱞᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥੱਚᱟᱭ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱠᱚᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱥᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱴᱤ-ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱳᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱥᱦᱟᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱸᱪ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱷᱟ: ᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱨᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ IIFA ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱵᱩᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱭᱤᱭᱚᱨ – ᱯᱷᱤᱢᱮᱞ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱰ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱴᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱮᱸᱡᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, &quot;ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱰᱤ ᱾&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/khushalii-kumar-on-her-role-in-starfish-i-got-into-tara-s-character-so-much-that-i-became-her-and-it-was-scary-101700459407390.html|title=Khushalii Kumar on her role in Starfish: I got into Tara’s character so much that I became her and it was scary|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=20 November 2023|accessdate=22 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱰᱷ ᱵᱤᱜᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱰ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dedh Bigha Zameen: Pratik Gandhi's Show All The Way&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/dedh-bigha-zameen-review/20240531.htm|title=Dedh Bigha Zameen: Pratik Gandhi's Show All The Way|newspaper=[[Rediff.com]]|date=2024-05-31|accessdate=2024-06-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;


ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱳᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱭᱤᱰ, ᱠᱨᱳᱥᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/khushalii-kumar-on-becoming-a-certified-scuba-diver-for-starfish-streaming-on-netflix/cid/1999608|title=Khushalii Kumar on becoming a certified scuba diver for Starfish, streaming on Netflix|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]|date=2024-02-10|accessdate=2024-06-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
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==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
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      <text bytes="14978" sha1="as5vj26l9o46yf9p2zlp08cihtg1gvo" xml:space="preserve">'''ᱥᱟᱵᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫ''' (᱒᱐ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱔ – ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱕) (ᱩᱨᱫᱩ: صبین محمود) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱪᱤ-ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱮᱯᱷᱮ ᱫᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ. ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-182592-Sabeen-Mahmud-Director-T2F-gunned-down-in-Karachi|title=Sabeen Mahmud Director T2F gunned down in Karachi|date=25 Apr 2015|work=TheNews.com.pk|access-date=5 March 2025|archive-date=1 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001025801/http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-182592-Sabeen-Mahmud-Director-T2F-gunned-down-in-Karachi|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱱ, ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱱᱟᱭᱨᱰ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱟᱞᱴᱤᱝ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨᱠᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨ (ᱴᱤ2ᱮᱯᱷ) ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱩᱴ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ, ᱴᱤ2ᱮᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱵᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱰ ᱢᱚᱥᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱽ ᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱥᱟᱦᱤᱥᱱᱩᱛᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱭᱱ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱞᱚᱪᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱞᱤᱠᱴ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱦᱟᱹᱥ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱫᱤᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱤ2ᱮᱯᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱩᱠ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫ ᱫᱚ 'ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱵᱟᱨᱟᱞ, ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/PkJpppMet5HfH8WLAqeHrN/Death-of-a-liberal.html|title=Death of a liberal|last=Soofi|first=Mayank Austen|date=2015-04-25|access-date=2016-09-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱥᱟᱯᱷ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱤᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱷᱤᱝᱠᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱲᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱯᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&quot; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱥᱱᱤᱪᱮ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ &quot;ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ&quot; ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱤᱨ ᱠᱤᱰᱣᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱶ &quot;ᱵᱤᱴᱥ&quot; ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱴᱮᱠ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨ (ᱴᱤ2ᱮᱯᱷ) ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱯᱷᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱞᱥᱚᱱ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱᱤᱝ, ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮᱸ ᱚᱞ, ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰ-ᱟᱯ ᱠᱚᱢᱮᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱠ ᱦᱮᱠᱟᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱠᱚ-ᱦᱚᱥᱴ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱤ2ᱮᱯᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱠ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱤᱯᱞᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱮᱥᱟ ᱥᱤᱫᱤᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽᱟᱥᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱮᱞᱤᱡᱮᱱᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨᱰ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱡᱤᱱ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱳᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ: &quot;ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱢᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱟᱱᱟᱠ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&quot; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ &quot;ᱪᱳᱢᱥᱠᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱟᱣ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱟᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱢ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&quot; ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

==ᱜᱩᱨ==
[[File:Sabeen Mahmud Demonstration.jpg|thumb|ᱜᱚᱡ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷ ᱾]]
᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱞᱚᱢᱵᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱩᱠ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱩᱠ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱫ ᱟᱡᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱤᱩᱨ ᱨᱚᱦᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱙ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱢ. ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱩᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱴᱤ2ᱮᱯᱷ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title = Anatomy of a murder|url = http://herald.dawn.com/news/1153209|accessdate = 2015-07-31|first = Naziha Syed Ali {{!}} Fahim|last = Zaman| date=31 July 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱴᱟᱨᱜᱮᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱴᱮᱨᱚᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱠ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱢᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱡᱦᱟᱛ ᱠᱤᱰᱣᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱠᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨ, ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ 'ᱟᱱᱥᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱞᱚᱪᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ (ᱴᱮᱠ ᱒)', ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤ2ᱮᱯᱷ ᱠᱮᱯᱷᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱚᱪᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱴ ᱢᱟᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱫᱤᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱟᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱫᱤᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱾ ᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱨᱤᱥᱮᱰᱭᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱢᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱱᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱸᱪ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟᱡ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱸᱪ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱽᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱥᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱞᱤᱞ, ᱢᱚᱥᱟᱨᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱟᱭᱫᱤ, ᱟᱞᱛᱟᱯᱷ ᱦᱩᱥᱮᱱ, ᱯᱟᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟ, ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱨᱩᱢᱤ, ᱦᱟᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱨ, ᱟᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱟᱞᱣᱤ, ᱯᱷᱟᱛᱤᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱴᱚ, ᱛᱟᱭᱤᱢᱩᱨ ᱨᱚᱦᱢᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱢᱤᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱥᱤ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱞᱟ ᱭᱩᱥᱟᱯᱷᱡᱟᱭᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱢᱤᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱩᱠᱤ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱱᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱥᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱡᱣᱟ, ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ, ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱷᱤᱱ ᱱᱤᱱᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱴᱮᱞᱤᱡᱮᱱᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱤᱴᱮᱨᱮᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱤᱵᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱠᱟᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱵᱩᱞᱟᱛ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫ ᱟᱡᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}
==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==</text>
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    <title>ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱛᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚᱵᱚᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱯᱤᱣᱟᱠ</title>
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      <text bytes="9604" sha1="ebyzloexfm2vct48h5cqhqyz8s5b84j" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox philosopher
|region           = [[ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱚᱥᱚᱯᱷᱤ]]
|era              = [[ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱢᱯᱨᱮᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱚᱥᱚᱯᱷᱤ]]
|image            = File:Gayatri Spivak on Subversive Festival.jpg
|caption          = Spivak in 2012
|name             = Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
|native_name      =
|native_name_lang = 
|birth_date       = {{birth date and age|1942|2|24|df=y}}
|birth_place      = [[ᱠᱟᱞᱠᱟᱴᱟ]], [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ]],&lt;br/ &gt;[[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]]
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}}
'''ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱛᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚᱵᱚᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱯᱤᱣᱟᱠ''' ᱮᱯᱷᱵᱤᱮ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱔᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱠᱳᱞᱟᱨ, ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱪᱩᱴ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱮᱨᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱞᱤᱴᱮᱨᱮᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CU&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://english.columbia.edu/people/profile/409|title=Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak|website=Department of English and Comparative Literature|publisher=Columbia University in the City of New York|access-date=March 22, 2016|archive-date=11 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111012404/http://english.columbia.edu/people/profile/409|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱠᱳᱞᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱭᱟ, ᱥᱯᱤᱣᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ &quot;ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱞᱴᱟᱨᱱ ᱥᱯᱤᱠ?&quot; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱠᱣᱮᱥ ᱰᱮᱨᱤᱰᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ ᱞᱟ ᱜᱨᱟᱢᱟᱴᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱩᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3hurBgAAQBAJ&amp;q=%22one+of+the+most+influential+postcolonial+intellectuals%22+Spivak&amp;pg=PA210|title=From Agamben to Zizek: Contemporary Critical Theorists: Contemporary Critical Theorists|last=Simons|first=Jon|date=2010-09-10|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=9780748643264|language=en|access-date=17 October 2020|archive-date=17 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717125801/https://books.google.com/books?id=3hurBgAAQBAJ&amp;q=%22one+of+the+most+influential+postcolonial+intellectuals%22+Spivak&amp;pg=PA210|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Morton|first1=Stephen|editor1-last=Simons|editor1-first=Jon|title=From Agamben To Zizek Contemporary Critical Theorists|date=2010|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-7486-3973-1|page=210|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b0wTTPRsPv8C|language=en|access-date=17 October 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407011737/https://books.google.com/books?id=b0wTTPRsPv8C|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱥᱣᱮᱛᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱩᱱᱩᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱫᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱤᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱱᱳᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱤᱢᱮᱡᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱯᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱤᱡᱽ᱾

ᱥᱯᱤᱣᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱳᱞᱳᱱᱤᱣᱟᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱤᱴᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱳᱥᱳᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱛᱳ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱯᱤᱣᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱳᱥᱳᱯᱷᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱵᱨᱮᱠᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ&quot; ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱳᱞᱵᱟᱨᱜᱽ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ᱾

ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱠᱳᱞᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱡᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱥᱯᱤᱣᱟᱠ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱠᱳᱞᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱡᱚᱱ (᱑᱙᱙᱙) ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱰᱤᱥᱤᱯᱞᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ &quot;ᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟ ᱦᱮᱨᱤᱴᱮᱡ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱠᱳᱞᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱚᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱛᱷᱤᱝᱠᱥ ᱠᱳᱞᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱡᱤᱢ ᱴᱩᱰᱮ&quot; ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱥ ᱟᱱᱵᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ: ᱡᱚᱨᱱᱟᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱨᱤᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱚᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

==ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
===ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ===
ᱥᱯᱤᱣᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱛᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚᱵᱚᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚᱵᱚᱨᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚᱵᱚᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱡᱚᱱᱥ ᱰᱤᱭᱳᱥᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱦᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱯᱤᱣᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱑᱙᱕᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱥᱯᱤᱣᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ- ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱵᱚᱴ ᱥᱯᱤᱣᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱑᱙᱖᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱥᱩᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱪᱟᱴᱟᱨᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾
==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}
==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
* {{commons category-inline|Gayatri Spivak}}
* [http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AGayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak%2C_Righting_Wrongs.pdf&amp;page=2 &quot;Righting Wrongs&quot; (read full article)]
* [http://socioproctology.blogspot.de/2017/11/spivaks-rani-of-sirmur.html &quot;Spivak's Rani of Sirmur&quot;]
* [https://www.radicalphilosophy.com/commentary/woman-as-theatre &quot;'Woman' as Theatre&quot;] in ''[[Radical Philosophy]]''
*[http://www.lrb.co.uk/v21/n10/eagl01_.html &quot;In the Gaudy Supermarket&quot;]&amp;nbsp;– A critical review of ''A Critique of Post-Colonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present'' by [[Terry Eagleton]] in the [[London Review of Books]], May 1999
*[http://www.lrb.co.uk/v21/n13/letters.html &quot;Exacting Solidarities&quot;]&amp;nbsp;– Letters responding to Eagleton's review of Spivak by [[Judith Butler]] and others
*[https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/19/spivak-gayatri-chakravorty/ Glossary of Key Terms in the Work of Spivak]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.mlajournals.org/toc/pmla/123/1 MLA Journals: PMLA, Vol. 123, No. 1, January 2008]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.mlajournals.org/toc/pmla/125/4 MLA Journals: PMLA, Vol. 125, No. 4, October 2010]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{YouTube|YBzCwzvudv0|&quot;An Aesthetic Education in the Era of Globalization&quot;}}; Gayatri Spivak describes her 2012 collection from [[Harvard University Press]]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/09/arts/creating-a-stir-wherever-she-goes.html?pagewanted=all&amp;src=pm  &quot;Creating a Stir Wherever she goes&quot;]&amp;nbsp;– ''The New York Times'', February 2002
* [https://www.readingspivak.eu/ Reading Spivak] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104031557/https://www.readingspivak.eu/ |date=4 January 2020 }}</text>
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    <title>ᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤ</title>
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      <text bytes="5893" sha1="aeywpkskl6h6jvgon4qs0ui0a6npmj6" xml:space="preserve">'''ᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤ''' (᱑᱙᱕᱒–᱒᱐᱐᱑) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱸᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱛᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Lok Sabha&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Biographical Sketch Member of Parliament 12th Lok Sabha|url=http://www.indiapress.org/election/archives/lok12/biodata/12gj15.php|accessdate=13 February 2014}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱕᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱩᱝᱜᱟᱨᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱞᱟᱣᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱮᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱯᱟᱜᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱢ ᱟᱢᱟᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱤ. ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱤᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱢᱟᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟᱵᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Lok Sabha&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19911015-former-gujarat-cm-amarsinh-chaudharys-second-marriage-creates-a-stir-814940-1991-10-15|title=Former Gujarat CM Amarsinh Chaudhary's second marriage creates a stir}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱖, ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Sabarkantha-poll-battle-Voters-feel-trapped/articleshow/602348.cms|title=Sabarkantha poll battle: Voters feel trapped &amp;#124; Ahmedabad News - Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ==
ᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ.ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱞᱟ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ, ᱯᱤᱞᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ, ᱴᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱴᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱰᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱤᱱᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱮᱢᱯ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
==ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱦᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱭ-ᱯᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱸᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱥᱩᱫᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}
==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤ</title>
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      <text bytes="5177" sha1="dnopwa74meaa1wf4bh7cs944jh8eljx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food
| name            = ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤ
| image           = Aloo Tikki served with chutneys.jpg
| caption         = ᱯᱩᱫᱤᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱡᱚ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤ
| alternate_name  = ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱠᱤ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤᱭᱟ&lt;br /&gt;ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱠᱤ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤ
| country         = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ]]
| region          = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]]
| creator         =
| course          =
| type            = [[Snack food|ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
| served          = ᱞᱚᱞᱚ
| main_ingredient = ᱟᱹᱞᱩ, ᱢᱚᱴᱚᱨ, ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ, ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ
| variations      = [[ᱨᱟᱜᱽᱰᱟ ᱯᱮᱴᱤᱥ]]
| calories        =
| other           =
}}

'''ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱠᱤ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤᱭᱟ''', '''ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱠᱤ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤ''' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Why Sweet and Sour Makes the World Go Yum |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/why-sweet-and-sour-makes-the-world-go-yum/16723179 |website=[[ᱢᱤᱰ ᱰᱮ]] |date=3 December 2015 |access-date=13 November 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]], [[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ, ᱢᱚᱴᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ-ᱩᱨᱫᱩ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ 'ᱟᱹᱞᱩ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ 'ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤ' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱨᱚᱠᱮᱴ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱼᱞᱚᱞᱚ [[ᱥᱩᱸᱴ (ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ)|ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱷ]], [[ᱡᱚᱡᱚ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]-[[ᱯᱩᱫᱤᱱᱟ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ|ᱯᱩᱫᱤᱱᱟ]] ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ (ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ)|ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] (ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ) ᱥᱮ ᱪᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | author=liza |date=20 May 2023 |title=Enjoy Restaurant-Quality Aloo Tikki at Home with New Recipe Ideas | website=[[Desher Barta]] | url=https://desherbarta.in/enjoy-restaurant-quality-aloo-tikki-at-home-with-new-recipe-ideas/ | access-date=20 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520104913/https://desherbarta.in/enjoy-restaurant-quality-aloo-tikki-at-home-with-new-recipe-ideas/ | archive-date=20 May 2023 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ==
ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱼᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

[[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱜᱽᱰᱟ ᱯᱮᱴᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱼᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ [[ᱪᱟᱴ]] ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ખાસ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱜᱤᱨᱜᱟᱣᱩᱢ ᱪᱚᱣᱯᱟᱴᱤ|ᱪᱚᱣᱯᱟᱴᱤ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]] ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱽᱞᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾

[[ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱤᱴᱮᱵᱚᱞ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱼᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱞᱤᱠᱮᱴᱮᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱰᱷᱟᱵᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱮᱯᱷᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱶᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
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    <title>ᱟᱰᱤᱵᱟᱦ ᱱᱩᱨ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱽ ᱳᱢᱟᱨ</title>
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{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱟᱰᱤᱵᱟᱦ ᱱᱩᱨ 
| image              = 
| caption            = 
| native_name        = {{lang|ms|{{Script|Arab|ᱟᱰᱤᱵᱟᱦ ᱱᱩᱨ}}}}
| image_size         = 
| birth_name         = ᱟᱰᱤᱵᱟᱦ ᱱᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱽ ᱳᱢᱟᱨ
| birth_date         = {{birth date|df=yes|1970|9|3}}
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2022|6|18|1970|9|3|df=y}}
| resting_place      = ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ, [[ᱦᱩᱞᱩ ᱠᱮᱞᱟᱝ]], [[ᱥᱮᱞᱟᱝᱯᱩᱨ]]
| birth_place        = [[ᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ
| death_place        = ᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ 
| citizenship        = ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ 
| alma_mater         = [[ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ]]
| occupation         = * ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱹᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ 
* ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ 
* ᱦᱳᱥᱴ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱟᱱ 
* ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱯᱨᱮᱡᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ
* ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱥᱰᱟᱨ 
| years_active       = ᱑᱙᱙᱕ - ᱒᱐᱒᱒
| module             = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed               = yes
| instrument          = [[ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ|ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱟᱞ]]
| genre               = [[ᱯᱳᱯ ᱢᱭᱩᱡᱤᱠ|ᱯᱳᱯ]], [[ᱟᱨ.&amp;ᱵᱤ.]]
| label               = ᱟᱰᱤᱵᱟᱦ ᱱᱩᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱹᱨᱴᱮᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ 
| website             =
| notable_instruments = 
}}
}}

'''ᱟᱰᱤᱵᱟᱦ ᱱᱩᱨ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱽ ᱳᱢᱟᱨ''' (᱓ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱗᱐ – ᱑᱘ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱹᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱨᱟᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭ (master of ceremonies) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱴᱮᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱮᱯᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱵᱽᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thesundaily.my/local/singer-actress-adibah-noor-dies-at-51-BN9348641|title=Singer, actress Adibah Noor dies at 51|website=The Sun Daily|date=18 June 2022|accessdate=19 June 2022|publisher=[[BERNAMA]]|archive-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622074404/https://www.thesundaily.my/local/singer-actress-adibah-noor-dies-at-51-BN9348641|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/groove/2022/06/803535/showbiz-slimmer-trimmer-adibah-noor-wows-netizens|title=#Showbiz: A slimmer, trimmer Adibah Noor wows netizens|date=9 June 2022|accessdate=19 June 2022|website =[[New Straits Times]]|first=Dennis|last=Chua|quote=...where she served as the master of ceremonies.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==

ᱟᱰᱤᱵᱟᱦ ᱱᱩᱨ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱽ ᱳᱢᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱰᱤᱵᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫᱼᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱞᱤᱥᱼᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ (ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ) ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱴ ᱼᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱴᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱙᱐ᱼᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱠᱮᱯᱷᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;metro&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hmetro.com.my/rap/2022/06/853390/adibah-noor-terlalu-istimewa|title=Adibah Noor 'Terlalu Istimewa'|author=Norhayati Nordin|date=19 June 2022|accessdate=19 June 2022|website =[[Harian Metro]]|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==

᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱰᱤᱵᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱨᱟᱞᱩ ᱤᱥᱴᱤᱢᱮᱣᱟ (Terlalu Istimewa) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱡᱳᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱩ&quot; ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Adibah Noor laid to rest |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/06/19/adibah-noor-laid-to-rest |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |access-date=19 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱧᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱩᱜᱮᱨᱟᱦ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱢᱭᱩᱡᱤᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱱᱳᱢᱤᱱᱮᱥᱟᱱᱼᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱩᱜᱮᱨᱟᱦ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱥᱰ, ᱵᱮᱞᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱴ ᱣᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱳᱢᱤᱱᱮᱥᱟᱱᱼᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾

== ᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱒᱒ ==
ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱴᱮᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱰᱤᱵᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ (Kuala Lumpur) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱮᱞᱯᱤᱮᱥᱤ (KLPAC) ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱒ ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱴᱩ ᱫᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱰᱤᱠᱮᱰ ('Into The 3rd Decade') ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱟᱨᱴ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱞᱟᱱ (ᱯᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟ) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ 

ᱟᱰᱤᱵᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱳ (Astro) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱩᱣᱳ ᱥᱴᱟᱨ (Duo Star) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱴᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

᱒᱔ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱰᱤᱵᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱩᱦ ᱡᱤᱣᱟ (Jiwa Sentuh Jiwa) ᱫᱚᱭ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱳᱢᱟᱨ (Misha Omar), ᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱭᱱ (Anuar Zain), ᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ (Amir Jahari), ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱣᱟᱦᱟᱵᱽ (Nassier Wahab), ᱫᱤᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱡᱽᱫᱤᱭᱟᱨ (Dina Nadzir) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱢ ᱮᱱᱮᱱᱰᱟ (Sam Innuendo) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱵᱚᱨᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾


== ᱜᱩᱨ ==
ᱟᱰᱤᱵᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱞᱮᱱᱣᱜᱟᱞᱥ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ (Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur) ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱤᱥᱴᱮᱡ ᱚᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ (ᱜᱩᱨ) ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱞᱩ ᱠᱮᱞᱟᱝ (Hulu Kelang), ᱥᱮᱞᱱᱜᱚᱨ (Selangor) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱯᱟᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ 

== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ ==
== ᱱᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ==
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}


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ᱚᱨᱯᱤᱛᱟ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚᱵᱚᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱭᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱛᱛᱚᱡᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱨᱚᱥ ᱠᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱴᱳᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱱ&quot; ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ &quot;ᱞᱳᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱰᱮᱛᱷ&quot; &quot;, ''ᱨᱟᱜᱽᱤᱱᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱥ ᱒''&quot;, 'ᱴᱳᱴᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱞ'&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/arpita-on-the-trend-of-remakes|title=Arpita on the trend of remakes|website=Telangana Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ 'ᱯᱮᱥᱟ ᱤᱭᱮ ᱯᱮᱥᱟ', 'ᱦᱤᱨᱳ' ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 'ᱠᱷᱳᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱳᱭᱟ', 'ᱵᱮᱡᱩᱵᱟᱱ ᱤᱚᱥᱠ' ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ, 'ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱩᱱᱟ' ᱟᱨ 'ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱮ ᱯᱮᱫᱟᱵᱷᱤᱱᱟ' 'ᱱᱤ ᱡᱟᱛᱟᱜᱟ ᱱᱟᱱᱩᱱᱫᱟᱞᱤ' ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/arpita-chakrabortys-journey-textile-designer-musician-150807|title=Arpita Chakraborty's journey: From textile designer to musician|website=www.radioandmusic.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/celebs/2019/feb/22/arpita-chakraborty-made-madhuri-dixit-sing-paisa-paisa-12999.html|title=Arpita Chakraborty made Madhuri Dixit sing Paisa Paisa|website=www.indulgexpress.com |date=21 February 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-paisa-yeh-paisa-singer-arpita-chakraborty-from-now-on-the-graph-has-to-go-higher-2723937|title='Paisa Yeh Paisa' singer Arpita Chakraborty: From now on, the graph has to go higher|first=Deepali|last=Singh|date=26 February 2019|website=DNA India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/movie/movie-news/arpita-chakraborty-bags-the-title-song-of-bezubaan-ishq-140909|title=Arpita Chakraborty bags the title song of 'Bezubaan Ishq'|first=Tellychakkar|last=Team|website=Tellychakkar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/arpita-chakraborty-is-excited-to-sing-for-her-screen-idol-madhuri-dixit-nene/20444196|title=Arpita Chakraborty excited to sing for her screen idol Madhuri Dixit-Nene|date=21 February 2019|website=mid-day}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/singer-arpita-chakraborty-accuses-lyricist-abhendra-kumar-upadhyay-of-sexual-misconduct/articleshow/66314311.cms|title=Singer Arpita Chakraborty accuses lyricist Abhendra Kumar Upadhyay of sexual misconduct - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=23 October 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Singer-Arpita-Chakraborty-receives-praises-from-directors-Abbas-Mastan/articleshow/47692289.cms|title=Singer Arpita Chakraborty receives praises from directors Abbas-Mastan - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=16 June 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2020/jul/08/paisa-yeh-paisa-singer-arpita-chakraborty-is-set-to-release-her-new-single-makhmali-26325.html|title=Paisa Yeh Paisa singer Arpita Chakraborty is set to release her new single Makhmali|website=www.indulgexpress.com |date=8 July 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.orissapost.com/i-believe-in-my-talent-hard-work/|title='I believe in my talent, hard work' - OrissaPOST|date=7 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱱᱼᱮᱼᱤᱥᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱛᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Arpita-Chakraborty-sings-the-title-track-for-Tashn-e-Ishq/articleshow/48464779.cms|title=Arpita Chakraborty sings the title track for 'Tashn-e-Ishq' - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=13 August 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/arpita-chakraborty-croons-for-tv-show/|title=Arpita Chakraborty croons for TV show|date=14 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}</text>
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    <title>ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱤ</title>
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      <text bytes="6753" sha1="t5nlxne6tcrq4zls7d52vgoiqkwano4" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱢᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱜᱳᱞᱯᱷᱟᱨ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱐᱐᱔)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox golfer
| name              = ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱤ
| image             =
| birth_date        = {{Birth date and age|2004|9|7|df=y}}
| birth_place       = [[ᱱᱚᱭᱰᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| nationality       = {{IND}}
| height            = 177 cm
| status            = ᱟᱢᱮᱴᱚᱨ
| tour              = 
| award1            = 
| year1             = 
| award2            = 
| year2             = 
| award3            = 
| year3             = 
| awardssection     = &lt;!-- location of awards page or section --&gt;
}}
'''ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱤ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱗ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱢᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱜᱳᱞᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/noidas-arjun-bhati-wins-third-junior-golf-world-title/articleshow/70290136.cms | title= Noida's Arjun Bhati wins third junior golf world title  | date=19 July 2019 | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱭᱰᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱮᱯᱷᱥᱤᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱜᱚᱞᱯᱷ ᱪᱮᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url= https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/golf/story/arjun-bhati-india-golf-us-kids-junior-world-championships-golf-bobby-father-noida-teenager-1424280-2019-01-05 | title= The story of Arjun Bhati, a 14-year-old Indian golf sensation| date=5 January 2019 | newspaper= [[India Today]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱞᱯᱷ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱤᱡᱤ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱜᱚᱞᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/education/story/arjun-bhati-wins-us-kids-junior-golf-world-championship-2018-tedu-1-1048886.html | title= 29 देशों को पीछे छोड़ अर्जुन भाटी बने गोल्फ के चैंपियन| date=23 December 2018 | newspaper= [[Aaj Tak]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱔᱐ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱖᱓᱗ ᱜᱳᱞᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱩᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/education/story/arjun-bhati-wins-us-kids-junior-golf-world-championship-2018-tedu-1-1048886.html | title= 29 देशों को पीछे छोड़ अर्जुन भाटी बने गोल्फ के चैंपियन| date=23 December 2018 | newspaper= [[Aaj Tak]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱮ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙ ᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url= https://scroll.in/field/930993/indias-arjun-bhati-wins-junior-world-golf-championship | title= India's Arjun Bhati wins Junior World Golf Championship| date=18 July 2019 | website=Scroll.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱳᱞᱯᱷ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱜᱳᱞᱯᱷ ᱪᱮᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱜᱚᱞᱯᱷ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uskidsgolf.com/tournaments/teen-world/past-results?date%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=2018&amp;tournament_id=499724|title=Results &amp;#124; U.S. Kids Golf|website=Uskidsgolf.com|accessdate=14 August 2019}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱔.᱓᱐ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱯᱤᱮᱢ-ᱠᱮᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱦᱟᱛ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱑᱐᱒ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱩᱢᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 9, 2020|first=Abhimanyu|last=Mathur|title=Noida golfer Arjun Bhati sells his trophies to donate Rs 4.3 lakh for COVID-19|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/noida-golfer-arjun-bhati-sells-his-trophies-to-donate-rs-4-3-lakh-for-covid-19/articleshow/75064953.cms|access-date=2020-07-23|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
*[https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/arjun-bhati-wins-junior-world-golf-championship/1577694 Arjun Bhati wins Junior World Golf Championship]
*[https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/noida-greater-noida-arjun-bhati-19349591.html सिगापुर गोल्फ चैंपियनशिप में अर्जुन व आर्यन को पहला स्थान]
*[https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/tags/arjun-bhati.html Arjun Bhati News in Hindi, Arjun Bhati की लेटेस्ट न्यूज़, photos, videos]
*[https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/arjun-bhati-wins-us-kids-jr-golf-world-championship-118122400855_1.html Arjun Bhati wins US Kids Jr Golf World Championship]
*[https://www.patrika.com/other-sport-news/wonder-kid-golfer-arjun-bhati-want-to-be-olympic-champion-1473407/ ओलंपिक स्वर्ण है 12 साल के अर्जुन का लक्ष्य]
*[https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/indias-arjun-bhati-wins-junior-world-golf-championship-747991.html India's Arjun Bhati wins Junior World Golf Championship]
*[https://sportzwiki.com/golf/arjun-bhati-wins-us-kids-jr-golf-world-championship Arjun Bhati wins US Kids Jr Golf World Championship]
*[https://tennews.in/greater-noidas-arjun-bhati-wins-junior-world-golf-championship/ Greater Noida’s Arjun Bhati wins Junior World Golf Championship]

{{DEFAULTSORT:ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱤ, ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱳᱞᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱳᱭᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:The_official_portrait_of_Balendra_Shah,_the_Prime_Minister_of_Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Nepal.png|The_official_portrait_of_Balendra_Shah,_the_Prime_Minister_of_Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Nepal.png]], it has been deleted from Co</comment>
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| image_size =
| alt = ᱵᱟᱞᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱚᱥᱢᱟ, ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱠᱳᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱴᱩᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱭ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾
| caption = ᱟᱹᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ, ᱒᱐᱒᱖
| office = [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]]
| term_start = ᱒᱗ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱖
| term_end =
| president = [[ᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱯᱟᱣᱰᱮᱞ]]
| predecessor = [[ᱥᱩᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱤ]] (ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ)
| office2 = [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱨᱮᱯᱨᱮᱡᱮᱱᱴᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ|ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ, ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]]
| term_start2 = ᱒᱖ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱖
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[ᱠᱮ. ᱯᱤ. ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱳᱞᱤ]]
| constituency2 = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱕]]
| office3 = [[ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ]]
| term_start3 = ᱓᱐ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱒
| term_end3 = ᱑᱘ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱖
| deputy3 = ᱥᱩᱱᱤᱛᱟ ᱰᱚᱝᱜᱳᱞ
| predecessor3 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟ ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱭᱚ]]
| successor3 = ᱥᱩᱱᱤᱛᱟ ᱰᱚᱝᱜᱳᱞ (ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ)
| birth_name = ᱵᱟᱞᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱦ
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|04|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ]], ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ
| party = [[ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱣᱟᱛᱟᱱᱛᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] (᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ)
| other_party = [[ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (᱒᱐᱒᱒–᱒᱐᱒᱕)
| alma_mater = [[ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟᱱ ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ]], [[NITTE ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]]
| profession = ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱨᱮᱯᱟᱨ, ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ
| spouse = ᱥᱟᱵᱤᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱯᱷᱞᱮ (᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ)
| children = ᱑
| father = ᱨᱟᱢ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦ
| mother = ᱫᱷᱨᱩᱵᱟᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱥᱟᱦ
}}
'''ᱵᱟᱞᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱦ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱙᱐), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱵᱟᱞᱮᱱ''' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱮᱭᱟ, ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ [[ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱣᱟᱛᱟᱱᱛᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] (RSP) ᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱩᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱓᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾
== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ==
ᱵᱟᱞᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱭᱤᱛᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱤᱠ ᱰᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱫᱷᱨᱩᱵᱟᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱩᱥᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Nagarik News (26 May 2022)&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱥᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟᱱ ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱪᱞᱚᱨ (BE) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[NITTE]] ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨᱥ (M.Tech) ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:269228&quot;&gt;Setopati (29 April 2022)&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱥᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱯ-ᱦᱚᱯ (Nephop) ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ &quot;ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱵᱟᱞᱚᱠ&quot; (Sadak Balak) ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱩᱴᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ &quot;Raw Barz&quot; ᱨᱮᱯ ᱵᱮᱴᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters&quot;&gt;Reuters (10 September 2025)&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱟᱪᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮ-ᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
== ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱒᱒–᱒᱐᱒᱖) ==
ᱥᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱘.᱖% ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ. (UML) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;BBC News Nepali (26 May 2022)&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ:
 * '''ᱡᱚᱵᱽᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ:''' ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱵᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
 * '''ᱯᱟᱨᱫᱚᱨᱥᱤᱛᱟ (Transparency):''' ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱴᱤᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽ (Live) ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
 * '''ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ:''' ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ &quot;Textbook-Free Friday&quot; ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
 * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ:''' ᱠᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤ.ᱭᱩ. ᱴᱤᱪᱤᱝ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
== ᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ==
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮ-ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
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  <page>
    <title>ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ</title>
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{{Infobox cricketer
| name = ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ
| image = Jagrit-Anand-Cricketer.jpg
| caption = ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|7|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| batting = 
| bowling = 
| role = 
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/376245.html ESPNcricinfo
| date = ᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖
}}
'''ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱕ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱙᱘᱙) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱣᱤᱴᱤ ᱒᱐ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/376245.html|title=Jagrit Anand|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔-᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ (ᱰᱤᱰᱤᱥᱤᱮ) ᱭᱩ-᱑᱗ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ. ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱨᱪᱮᱸᱴ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔-᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱕-᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱰᱤᱥᱤᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱕-᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ([[ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱴ ᱠᱳᱦᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾

==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱰᱚᱨᱱ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱢᱵᱟ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱭᱤᱯᱤᱮᱥᱥᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040417/ncr3.htm|title=Modern School beat Salwan in Turf Cricket|work=Tribune India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱱᱥᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱩᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤᱭᱟ. ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱ (ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱪ) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/buchanan-on-talent-hunt-campaign-550848.html|title=Buchanan on talent hunt campaign|date=30 August 2008|work=News 18}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ. ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱤ.ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱮ. ᱟᱱᱰᱚᱨ-᱒᱒ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱚᱬᱡᱤ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱤᱥ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱘ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱵᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/newcomer-anand-keeps-delhi-on-winning-track/story-i8Xs0hZKklB3OxqqTl7DeI.html|title=Newcomer Anand keeps Delhi on winning track|date=29 February 2012|work=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱒-᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱮ. ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/unmukt-chand-hits-century-delhi-win-vijay-hazare-trophy/20130303.htm|title=Vijay Hazare Trophy|work=Rediff Cricket News}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱘ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱢᱩᱠᱛ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱑᱑᱕ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾

==ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱒-᱑᱓&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/series/england-in-india-practice-matches-2012-2164/live-scores/delhi-daredevils-vs-england-xi-practice-match-11709-full-scorecard.html|title=Delhi Vs England XI Live Cricket Score - Practice match - Full Scorecard|date=8 January 2013|website=Cricket Country}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱓-᱑᱔&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2164/england-in-india-practice-matches-2012/teams/81/delhi/squads|title=England in India Practice Matches 2012|website=Cricbuzz|access-date=23 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040540/http://www2.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2164/england-in-india-practice-matches-2012/teams/81/delhi/squads|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤ.ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱮ. ᱟᱱᱰᱚᱨ-᱒᱕ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-england-2012/shikhar-dhawan-milind-kumar-power-delhi-to-fantastic-win-over-england-xi-1542854|title=Shikhar Dhawan, Milind Kumar star as Delhi hand England XI another loss|date=8 January 2013|work=NDTV Sports}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.khelnama.com/130926/cricket/news/emerging-fast-bowlers-who-are-eyeing-spot-indian-team/12798|title=Emerging Fast bowler|date=26 September 2013|website=Khelnama|access-date=23 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043654/http://www.khelnama.com/130926/cricket/news/emerging-fast-bowlers-who-are-eyeing-spot-indian-team/12798|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱭᱤᱱ ᱩᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱣᱞᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.hycricket.org/a-m_u_d_13.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124083055/http://www.hycricket.org/a-m_u_d_13.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 November 2013|title=MOIN-UD-DOWLA GOLD CUP TOURNAMENT|date=2013|website=Hyderabad Cricket}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮ. ᱯᱤ. ᱟᱛᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱮ. ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120921/cth2.htm|title=JP ATRAY MEMORIAL CRICKET TOURNAMENT|work=Tribune India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱳᱯᱷᱤ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/challenger-trophy-2013-14/content/squad/673867.html|title=Challenger Trophy Squad|date=2013|work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ. ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱴ ᱠᱳᱦᱞᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱯᱴᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱯ-ᱵᱷᱤᱡᱮᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱪᱮᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
[[File:Jagrit-Anand-In-Action.jpg|left|thumb]]
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱭᱩ.ᱮ.ᱤ. ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.emirates247.com/sports/cricket/anand-powers-interface-transworld-to-impressive-win-2010-08-28-1.284630|title=Anand powers Interface Transworld to impressive win|date=28 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱦ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/sport/cricket/yogi-group-win-sharjah-ramadan-tournament|title=Sharjah Ramadan Tournament|date=13 September 2010|work=Khaleej Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮ ᱯᱞᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱤ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱩᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱥᱴᱟᱨ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.superstarst20.com/season1/superstars-t20-team-details.php?teamid=13|title=Superstars T20|website=Superstars T20}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱴᱤ ᱒᱐ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/20140428/ARTICLE/304289894/1050|title=SuperStars T20 Tournament|date=28 April 2014|work=Khaleej Times|access-date=23 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032544/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/20140428/ARTICLE/304289894/1050|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱰᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱮ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱨᱱᱤ ᱴᱩ ᱫᱟ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱴᱩᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricketingnepal.com/articles/559/nepal-lose-journey-to-world-cup|title=World Cup Tournament in Nepal|date=7 December 2013|access-date=21 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033635/http://www.cricketingnepal.com/articles/559/nepal-lose-journey-to-world-cup|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱞᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ==
᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.millenniumcricketleague.com/home/ShowPlayer.aspx?pid=8038|title=Millennium Cricket League|date=19 July 2017|website=Millennium Cricket League}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮᱱ.ᱡᱮ. ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱞᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.millenniumcricketleague.com/home/ShowTeam.aspx?tid=7|title=Millennium Cricket League|website=Millennium Cricket League}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱥᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱴᱟᱱᱥ ᱥᱤᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.wclinc.com/wclinc/viewPlayer.do?playerId=579570&amp;clubId=670|title=Washington Cricket league|website=Washington Cricket league}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮᱱ.ᱡᱮ. ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱞᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤ-᱒᱐ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳᱞᱢᱰᱮᱞ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱞᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱤᱞᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱴᱥᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱵᱷᱤᱝ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱞᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱥ, ᱦᱚᱞᱢᱰᱮᱞ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱵᱷᱤᱝ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱪᱮᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:ᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ, ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱛ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T00:57:35Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="14256" sha1="38uwv60pury8dvt1za2z8fbah0o5bb9" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ}}
{{speciesbox
| name = ᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ
| image = Indian_bay_leaf_-_tejpatta_-_indisches_Lorbeerblatt.jpg
| image_caption = ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=IUCN&gt;{{cite iucn |last1=de Kok |first1=R. |year=2020 |title=''Cinnamomum tamala'' |volume=2020 |article-number=e.T145404427A145416586 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T145404427A145416586.en |access-date=3 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| genus = Cinnamomum
| species = tamala
| authority = ([[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton|Buch.-Ham.]]) [[Theodor Friedrich Ludwig Nees von Esenbeck|T.Nees]] &amp; [[Carl Heinrich Ebermaier|C.H.Eberm.]]
|synonyms =
* ''Cinnamomum albiflorum'' Nees
* ''Cinnamomum cassia'' D.Don nom. illeg.
* ''Cinnamomum lindleyi'' Lukman.
* ''Cinnamomum macrocarpum''&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Cinnamomum pauciflorum'' var. ''tazia'' (Buch.-Ham.) [[Carl Meissner|Meisn.]]
* ''Cinnamomum reinwardtii'' Nees
* ''Cinnamomum veitchii'' Lukman.
* ''Cinnamomum zwartzii'' Lukman.
* ''Laurus tamala'' Buch.-Ham.
| synonyms_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2721651|title=The Plant List: A Working List of all Plant Species}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''''ᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ''' (Cinnamomum tamala)'' ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ (ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱮ ᱞᱤᱯᱷ) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱡᱽᱯᱟᱛ,&lt;ref name=GRIN/&gt; ᱛᱮᱡᱽᱯᱟᱛᱛᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱠ,&lt;ref name=&quot;GRIN&quot;&gt;{{GRIN | access-date = 12 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;GRIN&quot; /&gt; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱛᱷᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱨᱮᱥᱤ (Lauraceae) ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱧᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ([[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ), [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]], [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]], [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]], [[ᱞᱟᱣᱚᱥ]], [[ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ]], ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ [[ᱪᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=powo&gt;{{cite web |title=Cinnamomum tamala |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:463718-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Kew |access-date=10 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GRIN&quot; /&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} ᱦᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;FoC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&amp;taxon_id=200008729 |title=''Cinnamomum tamala'' |author=Xi-wen Li, Jie Li &amp; Henk van der Werff |work=Flora of China |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO &amp; Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA |access-date=29 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱣᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱛᱷᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Umberto Quattrocchi|title=CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology (5 Volume Set)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-37OBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA959|year=2016|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4822-5064-0|pages=959+}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ''ᱛᱮᱡᱽᱯᱟᱛᱛᱟ'', [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ]] ᱛᱮ ''ᱛᱮᱡᱽᱯᱟᱛ'', [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱛᱮ ''ᱛᱮᱡᱽᱯᱟᱛᱟ'', [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ]] ᱛᱮ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱷᱟᱱᱟᱭᱤᱞᱟ/ᱮᱰᱟᱱᱟᱭᱤᱞᱟ,''[[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ|ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱛᱮ ''ᱠᱟᱰᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱞᱪᱤᱱᱤ'' , [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ''ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱞᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟ''  [[ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ [[ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ]] ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ''ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱞᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟ''  ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]], [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱸᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱤᱝᱢᱟ (''tsheringma)'' ᱦᱟᱨᱵᱟᱞ ᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ]] ᱛᱮ ''ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱠᱩ/ᱵᱟᱜᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱩ'' ᱟᱨ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱛᱮ ''ᱛᱮᱡᱚᱯᱚᱛᱨᱚ''  ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

[[ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ]] ᱨᱤᱱ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱪᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ {{lang|lep|ᱱᱟᱯ ᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱩᱝ}} ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Tamsang |first1=K.P. |title=The Lepcha-English Encyclopaedic Dictionary |date=1980 |publisher=Mrs. Mayel Clymit Tamsang |location=Kalimpong |page=509| isbn = 9632535979}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Wrapped Kumbilappam - Kerala - IMG 20210331 171153.jpg|thumb|ᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱤᱞᱟᱯᱯᱟᱢ]]

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱤᱞᱟᱯᱯᱟᱢ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱠᱠᱟᱼᱟᱰᱟ  ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱥᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮ ᱞᱤᱯᱷ&quot; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ &quot;ᱵᱮ ᱞᱤᱯᱷ&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱮ ᱞᱳᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱮ ᱞᱳᱨᱮᱞ (Bay laurel) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱮ ᱞᱳᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱬ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=P N Ravindran|author2=K Nirmal-Babu|author3=M Shylaja|title=Cinnamon and Cassia: The Genus Cinnamomum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KZa8aPxR_-wC&amp;pg=PA199|date=29 December 2003|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-203-59087-4|pages=199+}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱞᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱮ ᱞᱳᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱢᱵᱩ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾

[[File:Cinnamomum tamala W IMG 2433.jpg|thumb|190px|[[ᱜᱳᱣᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ]]
[[File:Cinnamomum tamala W IMG 2436.jpg|thumb|ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]]

== ᱥᱚ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ==

* ᱵᱤᱴᱟᱼᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱤᱱ&lt;ref name=eocs&gt;{{cite journal| last1 = Ahmed| first1 = Aftab| title = Essential oil constituents of the spice ''Cinnamomum tamala'' (Ham.) Nees &amp; Eberm.| journal = Flavour and Fragrance Journal| volume = 15| issue = 6| pages = 388–390| year = 2000| doi = 10.1002/1099-1026(200011/12)15:6&lt;388::AID-FFJ928&gt;3.0.CO;2-F| last2 = Choudhary| first2 = M. Iqbal | last3 = Farooq | first3 = Afgan| last4 =Demirci | first4 = Betül| last5 = Demirci| first5 = Fatih| last6 = Can Başer| first6 = K. Hüsnü |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ᱞᱤᱱᱟᱞᱩᱞ&lt;ref name=eocs /&gt;
* ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱤᱱ ᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ
* ᱤᱣᱡᱮᱱᱳᱞ&lt;ref name=qdec&gt;{{cite journal| last1 = Dighe| first1 = V. V.| title = Quantitative Determination of Eugenol from ''Cinnamomum tamala'' Nees and Eberm. Leaf Powder and Polyherbal Formulation Using Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography| journal = Chromatographia| volume = 61| issue = 9–10| pages = 443–446| year = 2005 | doi = 10.1365/s10337-005-0527-6| last2 = Gursale| first2 = A. A.| last3 = Sane| first3 = R. T.| last4 = Menon| first4 = S.| last5 = Patel| first5 = P. H.| s2cid = 97399632|display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=aase&gt;{{cite journal| last1 = Rao| first1 = Chandana Venkateswara| title = Antidiarrhoeal activity of the standardised extract of ''Cinnamomum tamala'' in experimental rats| journal = Journal of Natural Medicines| volume = 62| issue = 4| pages = 396–402| year = 2008| doi = 10.1007/s11418-008-0258-8| pmid = 18493839 | last2 = Vijayakumar | first2 = M | last3 = Sairam | first3 = K| last4 = Kumar| first4 = V| s2cid = 8641540|display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱠᱞᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱞᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ==
ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱛᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ 'ᱢᱟᱞᱟ' ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ 'ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟ'  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ &quot;ᱵᱩᱨᱩ&quot; ᱾ &quot;ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱛᱷᱨᱚᱢ&quot; ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱟᱛᱛᱨᱟᱢ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ &quot;ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮᱼᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ&quot; ᱾

== ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ==
* ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ
* ᱫᱟᱞᱪᱤᱱᱤ
* ᱥᱟᱭᱜᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱞᱪᱤᱱᱤ

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
* {{cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=Vasundhara |last2=Rao |first2=Lingamallu Jagan Mohan |title=An Overview on Chemical Composition, Bioactivity and Processing of Leaves of Cinnamomum tamala |journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition |date=January 2014 |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=433–448 |doi=10.1080/10408398.2011.587615 |pmid=24236996 |s2cid=46178245 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Pandey |first1=A. K. |last2=Mishra |first2=A. K. |last3=Mishra |first3=A. |title=Antifungal and antioxidative potential of oil and extracts derived from leaves of Indian spice plant Cinnamomum tamala |journal=Cellular and Molecular Biology |date=22 December 2012 |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=142–147 |pmid=23273204 |url=https://cellmolbiol.org/index.php/CMB/article/view/589 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/engl/Cinn_tam.html Indian bayᱼleaf page from Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages]

{{Commons category|Cinnamomum tamala}}
{{Wikispecies|Cinnamomum tamala}}

{{Herbs &amp; spices}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1661611}}

[[Category:Cinnamomum|tamala]]
[[Category:ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
[[Category:ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
[[Category:ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
[[Category:ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>38uwv60pury8dvt1za2z8fbah0o5bb9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35745</id>
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      <id>191326</id>
      <parentid>191242</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T07:39:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
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      <text bytes="32956" sha1="4a5dndcjlfxp69tmo9w4ainl3ef17jh" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱳᱞᱤᱵᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱳᱞᱮᱥᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ}}
{{automatic taxobox
|image = Common Jasmine.jpg
|image_caption = ''ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ'' ᱵᱟᱦᱟ
|taxon = Jasminum
|authority = [[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|L.]]
|type_species = ''[[Jasminum officinale]]''
|type_species_authority=
|subdivision_ranks = [[ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ]]
|subdivision = ᱒᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ, ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ [[List of Jasminum species|'ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ' ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ing&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 | url = http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Jasminum
 | title = ''Jasminum''
 | access-date = 2008-06-03
 | work = Index Nominum Genericorum
 | publisher = [[International Association for Plant Taxonomy]]
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CPN&quot;&gt;{{cite journal
 | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&amp;taxon_id=116771
 | title = 10. Jasminum Linnaeus
 | access-date = 2008-06-03
 | journal = Chinese Plant Names
  | volume = 15
  | page = 307
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UniProt&quot;&gt;{{UniProt Taxonomy
| name = Jasminum
| id = 4147
| accessdate = 2008-06-03
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| synonyms=
*''Mogorium''&lt;small&gt; Juss.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Noldeanthus''&lt;small&gt; Knobl.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Nyctanthos'' &lt;small&gt; St.-Lag.&lt;/small&gt;
|synonyms_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;POWO&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328128-2#synonyms |title= ''Tacca'' J.R.Forst. &amp; G.Forst |date=2023 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher= Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=25 March 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}}
[[File:Jasmine .jpg|thumb|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ]]

**ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ(ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: '''''Jasminum''''') ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱭᱛᱩᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱳᱞᱮᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱡᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;POWO&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WFO&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000019529 |title=''Jasminum'' L. |date=2023 |website=World Flora Online |publisher=World Flora Consortium |access-date=25 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;singh2006&quot;/&gt;{{rp|193}} ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;singh2006&quot;/&gt;{{rp|194}} ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱥᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20220106-shubra-beloula-the-tiny-egyptian-village-few-know Shubra Beloula: The tiny Egyptian village few know]&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ==
ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ, ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱡᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ  ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ, ᱯᱮ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ  ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱤᱱᱱᱮᱴ (pinnate) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ {{convert|2.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱢᱳᱥ (cymose) ᱜᱩᱪᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱠᱷᱲᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱳᱠᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱳᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ  ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱞᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱳᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱠᱥ  ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;singh2006&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/j/jasmin06.html A Modern Herbal]&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱨᱳᱢᱳᱡᱳᱢ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱭᱮᱰ (2n=26) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱩᱪᱷᱩ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱯᱞᱚᱭᱰᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱠ'' (triploid 3n=39), ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱠᱥᱤᱞ'' (tetraploid 4n=52), ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱥᱱᱟᱭ'' (triploid 3n=39), ᱟᱨ ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱟᱝᱜᱚᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱚᱞᱤᱭᱚᱢ'' (tetraploid 4n=52) ᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;singh2006&quot;/&gt;

== ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ==
ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱯ-ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CTEG&quot;&gt;Townsend, C. C. and Evan Guest (1980). &quot;Jasminum officinale,&quot; in ''Flora of Iraq,'' Vol. 4.1. Baghdad, pp. 513–519.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mccleland&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Ernst Schmidt |author2=Mervyn Lötter |author3=Warren McCleland |title =Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park|publisher =Jacana Media|year =2002|page=530|isbn =978-1-919777-30-6|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=RpVJJH3kV0oC&amp;q=Jasminum+genus&amp;pg=PA530}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&amp;taxon_id=116771 ''Jasminum'' @ EFloras.org].&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;panda&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author =Panda, H. |title =Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants|publisher =National Institute Of Industrial Research|year =2005|page =220|isbn =978-81-7833-027-3|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=EeckAgAAQBAJ&amp;q=%E0%B9%88jusmine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽᱰ (ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ  ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ, ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱵᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;singh2006&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{GRIN |id=407300}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱯᱞᱩᱢᱤᱱᱮᱱᱥ'' (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ &quot;ᱵᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱ&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱟᱨ ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱰᱤᱪᱚᱴᱚᱢᱚᱢ'' (Gold Coast Jasmine) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱤᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{PLANTS |id=JAFL |taxon=Jasminum fluminense}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{PLANTS |id=JADI2 |taxon=Jasminum dichotomum}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱᱛᱷᱚᱢ'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Weeds of the Blue Mountains Bushland – Jasminum polyanthum |url=http://www.weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204150633/http://weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.php |archive-date=2014-02-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ &quot;''ᱡᱮᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱ&quot;'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ {{langx|fa|یاسمن‎|yāsamin}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Jasmine, Jessamine |dictionary=An etymological dictionary of modern English |page=779 |url=https://archive.org/details/etymologicaldict00weekuoft/page/390/ |last1=Weekley |first1=Ernest |date=1921 |publisher=London J. Murray }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|pal-Latn|yāsaman}} ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ {{lang|ar-Latn|yāsamīn}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;MWdict&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Definition of Jasmine |website=[[Merriam-Webster]] |date=2021-10-23 |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jasmine |access-date=2022-01-20 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;oed&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=jasmine |title=Jasmine |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary |date=2022 |accessdate=4 March 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕᱗᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=oed/&gt; ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ'' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Bayton |first1=Ross |title=The Gardener's Botanical: An Encyclopedia of Latin Plant Names |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D0ipDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=jasminum |date=2019 |publisher=[[Royal Horticultural Society]] |location=London, UK |isbn=978-1-78472-677-5 |page=170}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱭᱟᱥ ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ (species) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱭᱛᱩᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ (Oleaceae) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Jasmineae]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;singh2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Singh, A. K. |title =Flower Crops: Cultivation and Management|publisher =New India Publishing|year =2006|pages=193–205|isbn =978-81-89422-35-6|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Bfb1T6QbfaAC&amp;q=Jasminum+genus&amp;pg=PA193}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jasminum'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ  ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ—''Alternifolia'', ''Jasminum'', ''Primulina'', ''Trifoliolata'', ᱟᱨ ''Unifoliolata'' ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;GRIN&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?6186 |title=''Jasminum'' L. |author=USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program |publisher=Germplasm Resources Information Network, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory |access-date=November 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126042226/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?6186 |archive-date=January 26, 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Jasmine Rose photo.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]]

=== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ===
{{Main|ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ}}

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ:&lt;ref name=grin&gt;{{ cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6186 |title=''Jasminum'' information from NPGS/GRIN |author=GRIN |author-link=Germplasm Resources Information Network |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program |location=National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, [[Beltsville, Maryland]] |access-date=October 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122055/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6186 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Jasminum abyssinicum|J. abyssinicum]]'' – ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (forest jasmine)
* ''[[Jasminum adenophyllum|J. adenophyllum]]'' – ᱵᱞᱩᱜᱽᱨᱮᱯ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱯᱤᱱᱣᱦᱤᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum andamanicum|J. andamanicum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum angulare|J. angulare]]''
* ''[[Jasminum angustifolium|J. angustifolium]]'' – [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ]]
* ''[[Jasminum auriculatum|J. auriculatum]]'' – ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱱᱤᱰᱚᱞ-ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum azoricum|J. azoricum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum beesianum|J. beesianum]]'' – ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum dichotomum|J. dichotomum]]'' – ᱜᱳᱞᱰ ᱠᱳᱥᱴ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum didymum|J. didymum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum dispermum|J. dispermum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum elegans|J. elegans]]''
* ''[[Jasminum elongatum|J. elongatum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum floridum|J. floridum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum fluminense|J. fluminense]]''
* ''[[Jasminum fruticans|J. fruticans]]''
* ''[[Jasminum grandiflorum|J. grandiflorum]]'' – ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum humile|J. humile]]'' – ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum lanceolarium|J. lanceolarium]]''
* ''[[Jasminum laurifolium|J. laurifolium]]'' – ᱮᱧᱡᱮᱞ-ᱣᱤᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum malabaricum|J. malabaricum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum mesnyi|J. mesnyi]]'' – ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum multiflorum|J. multiflorum]]'' – ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱤᱯᱤᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum multipartitum|J. multipartitum]]'' – ᱤᱯᱤᱞ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum nervosum|J. nervosum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum nobile|J. nobile]]''
* ''[[Jasminum nudiflorum|J. nudiflorum]]'' – ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (winter jasmine)
* ''[[Jasminum odoratissimum|J. odoratissimum]]'' – ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum officinale|J. officinale]]'' – ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum parkeri|J. parkeri]]'' – ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ (dwarf) ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum polyanthum|J. polyanthum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum sambac|J. sambac]]'' – ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (Arabian jasmine)
* ''[[Jasminum simplicifolium|J. simplicifolium]]''
* ''[[Jasminum sinense|J. sinense]]''
* ''[[Jasminum subhumile|J. subhumile]]''
* ''[[Jasminum tortuosum|J. tortuosum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum urophyllum|J. urophyllum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum volubile|J. volubile]]''
{{div col end}}

== ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱨᱤ ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;200px&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;&gt;
File:Jasminum sambac 'Grand Duke of Tuscany'.jpg|''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' &quot;ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱰᱤᱣᱩᱠ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱟᱥᱠᱟᱱᱤ&quot;
File:Jsambac.jpg|''Jasminum sambac'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱞ-ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ
File:Jasmine Bud.jpg|ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱩᱸᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ
File:Jasmine lifecycle.jpg|ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱟ (Lifecycle)
File:Bunch of jasmine flowers.jpg|ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱯᱮ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱳᱱᱮᱴᱥ ==
ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱳᱱᱮᱴ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱳᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱜᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱨᱚᱢ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱳᱱᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱳᱱᱮᱴᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱳᱞᱤᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Demole E  |year=1962 |title=Isolement et détermination de la structure du jasmonate de méthyle, constituant odorant caractéristique de l'essence de jasmin|journal=Helv Chim Acta|volume=45 |pages=675–85 |doi=10.1002/hlca.19620450233 |last2=Lederer |first2=E. |last3=Mercier |first3=D. |issue=2 |bibcode=1962HChAc..45..675D }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱳᱱᱮᱴᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ-ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱰᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|pmc=4701901|year=2016|last1=Sharma|first1=M|title=Jasmonates: Emerging Players in Controlling Temperature Stress Tolerance|journal=Frontiers in Plant Science|volume=6|pages=1129|last2=Laxmi|first2=A|doi=10.3389/fpls.2015.01129|pmid=26779205|doi-access=free |bibcode=2016FrPS....6.1129S }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ==
ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What's So Great About the Jasmine Flower? |url=https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/whats-great-about-jasmine/ |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=Earth.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=August 8 |last2=Comments |first2=2018 {{!}} Micaela Nerguizian {{!}} |title=Hopa! Rituals and Symbols of an Armenian Wedding |url=https://festival.si.edu/blog/rituals-symbols-armenian-wedding-celebration |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=Smithsonian Folklife Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱪᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=10 Different Types of Jasmine Plants (Photos) - Garden Lovers Club |url=https://www.gardenloversclub.com/ornamental/flowers/jasmine/types-of-jasmine/ |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=www.gardenloversclub.com |date=22 February 2020 |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱤᱣᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ&lt;ref name=&quot;jasmin87_ayari_geisser&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Michael |first=Ayari |author2=Vincent Geisser |language=fr |title=Tunisie : la Révolution des &quot;Nouzouh&quot;* n'a pas l'odeur du jasmin |publisher=Témoignage chrétien |year=2011 |url=http://www.temoignagechretien.fr/ARTICLES/International/Tunisie-la-Revolution-des-%C2%ABNouzouh%C2%BB*-n%E2%80%99a-pas-l%E2%80%99odeur-du-jasmin/Default-3-2370.xhtml |access-date=2011-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128201953/http://www.temoignagechretien.fr/ARTICLES/International/Tunisie-la-Revolution-des-%C2%ABNouzouh%C2%BB*-n%E2%80%99a-pas-l%E2%80%99odeur-du-jasmin/Default-3-2370.xhtml |archive-date=2011-01-28 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;jasmin87_QudOran&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=La révolution par le feu et par un clic |publisher=[[Le Quotidien d'Oran]]/moofid.com |date=2011-02-25 |url=http://news.moofid.com/fr-8441-La-revolution-par-le-feu-et-par-un-clic.htm |access-date=2011-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714113629/http://news.moofid.com/fr-8441-La-revolution-par-le-feu-et-par-un-clic.htm |archive-date=2011-07-14 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱣᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ &quot;ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱩᱞ&quot;  ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kim |first=Elvis H |date=September 2021 |title=Democratization and Authoritarianism in the Information Age |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/22338659211026006 |journal=International Area Studies Review |language=en |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=205–223 |doi=10.1177/22338659211026006 |s2cid=237434616 |issn=2233-8659|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱤᱱ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾


&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed-hover&quot;&gt;
File:Tea patterns p1160028.jpg|ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱥ
File:Chinesischer Maler des 12. Jahrhunderts (I) 001.jpg|''ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ'', ᱑᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱷᱟᱣ ᱪᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱞᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ
File:Meenakshi Sundareswarar.jpg|ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ
File:Jasmine Flower full bloom on the plant near Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. 01.jpg|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
File:Photo Jasmine flowers harvest 1965 - Touring Club Italiano 1.2940.jpg|ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱭᱳ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (᱑᱙᱖᱕)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ==
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

* ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱥᱠᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://peacockplume.fr/food-travel/damascus-city-jasmine|title=Damascus, the City of Jasmine|author=Anabel Bachour|date=23 February 2017|publisher=Peacock Plume, Student Media, The American University of Paris, France|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-date=12 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412114937/http://peacockplume.fr/food-travel/damascus-city-jasmine|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭᱤ: ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱠ'' (&quot;''ᱯᱤᱠᱟᱠᱮ''&quot;) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ (ᱞᱮᱭᱤ) ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Hitt |first=Christine |date=1 May 2018 |title=7 of Hawaii's Most Popular Lei and What Makes Them Unique |work=Hawaii Magazine |url=https://www.hawaiimagazine.com/7-of-hawaiis-most-popular-lei-and-what-makes-them-unique/ |access-date=1 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ: ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱠ'' ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.proxsis.com/perundangan/LH/doc/uu/F00-1993-00004.pdf Keputusan Presiden No. 4 Tahun 1993] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402234237/http://www.proxsis.com/perundangan/LH/doc/uu/F00-1993-00004.pdf |date=2012-04-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ &quot;**ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱛᱤ ᱯᱩᱛᱤᱦ**&quot; (melati putih) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱾
* [[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]]: ''[[Jasminum officinale]]'' ᱫᱚ &quot;**ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱮᱞᱤ**&quot; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ &quot;**ᱤᱭᱟᱥᱢᱤᱱ**&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[National symbols of Pakistan|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Akhtar |first=Moin |date=26 October 2020 |title=Pakistan National Flower, Animal and Bird |url=https://ilm.com.pk/pakistan/pakistan-information/pakistan-national-flower-animal-and-bird/ |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=ILM.com.pk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]: ''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱓᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ &quot;ᱥᱟᱢᱯᱟᱜᱩᱭᱴᱟ&quot; (sampaguita) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 November 2021 |title=Philippine National Flower- Sampaguita |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/2021/11/10/philippine-national-flower-sampaguita/#:~:text=For%20today's%20%23WildlifeWednesday%2C%20let's%20learn,purity%2C%20fidelity%2C%20and%20hope. |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=National Museum of the Philippines}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ]]: ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱᱟᱜ (motherhood) ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.flowerstips.org/symbolic-spiritual-meaning-jasmine-flowers/|title=Symbolic and spiritual meaning of jasmine flowers|date=2017-01-03|website=Gardening Tips {{!}} Flower Wiki|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[ᱴᱤᱣᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟ]]: ᱴᱤᱣᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Tunisian Revolution|ᱴᱤᱣᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ]]: (ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[Shia Islam|ᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ]]), ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱹᱵᱤ [[Muhammad|ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ [[Fatimah al-Zahra|ᱯᱷᱟᱛᱤᱢᱟ ᱟᱞ-ᱡᱟᱦᱨᱟ]] ᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pasokhgoo.ir/node/31525 علت نامگذاری حضرت زهرا (س) به گل یاس و مهدی موعود (عج) به گل نرگس چیست ؟ التماس دها]&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ&quot; ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}} 
* ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Mandevilla sanderi]]'' 
* ᱠᱮᱯ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (Cape jasmine) ''[[Gardenia]]''
* ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱞᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Gelsemium sempervirens]]''
* ᱠᱨᱮᱯ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Tabernaemontana divaricata]]''
* ᱪᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Mandevilla laxa]]''
* [[Jasmine rice|ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ]], ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ
* ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Stephanotis floribunda]]''
* ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Parsonsia capsularis]]''
* ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (Night-blooming jasmine) ''[[Cestrum nocturnum]]'' 
* ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ / ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱟᱨ (Night-flowering jasmine) ''[[Nyctanthes arbor-tristis]]''
* ᱚᱨᱮᱧᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Murraya paniculata]]'' 
* ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (Red jasmine) ''[[Plumeria rubra]]''
* ᱤᱯᱤᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (Star jasmine) ''[[Trachelospermum jasminoides]]'' 
* ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱜᱩᱣᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Brunfelsia australis]]''

* [[Tree jasmine (disambiguation)|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (Tree jasmine)]]
{{div col end}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ==
* {{cite journal
 | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&amp;taxon_id=116771
 | title = ''Jasminum'' Linn
 | access-date = 2008-06-03
 | journal = Flora of Pakistan
 | page = 12
 }}
*{{Cite book |title=The World in So Many Words |first=Allan A. |last=Metcalf |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1999 |isbn=0-395-95920-9}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Wiktionary|Jasmine|Jasminum}}

* {{cite web
 | url = http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&amp;GENUS_XREF=Jasminum
 | title = Flora Europaea Search Results
 | access-date = 2008-06-03
 | work = [[Flora Europaea]]
 | publisher = [[Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh]]
}}
* {{cite web
 | url = http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/index.php?langue=an
 | title = African Plants Database
 | publisher = [[Natural History Museum of Geneva|South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève]] and Tela Botanica}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Jasmine|volume=15|pages=277–278}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q82014}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jasminum| ]]
[[Category:ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱫᱷᱩᱬᱟᱹ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱳᱞᱮᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>4a5dndcjlfxp69tmo9w4ainl3ef17jh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>191340</id>
      <parentid>191326</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T09:08:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ */</comment>
      <origin>191340</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32955" sha1="786rw8bax72774g1vso82ze8zgd4gb5" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱳᱞᱤᱵᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱳᱞᱮᱥᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ}}
{{automatic taxobox
|image = Common Jasmine.jpg
|image_caption = ''ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ'' ᱵᱟᱦᱟ
|taxon = Jasminum
|authority = [[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|L.]]
|type_species = ''[[Jasminum officinale]]''
|type_species_authority=
|subdivision_ranks = [[ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ]]
|subdivision = ᱒᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ, ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ [[List of Jasminum species|'ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ' ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ing&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 | url = http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Jasminum
 | title = ''Jasminum''
 | access-date = 2008-06-03
 | work = Index Nominum Genericorum
 | publisher = [[International Association for Plant Taxonomy]]
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CPN&quot;&gt;{{cite journal
 | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&amp;taxon_id=116771
 | title = 10. Jasminum Linnaeus
 | access-date = 2008-06-03
 | journal = Chinese Plant Names
  | volume = 15
  | page = 307
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UniProt&quot;&gt;{{UniProt Taxonomy
| name = Jasminum
| id = 4147
| accessdate = 2008-06-03
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| synonyms=
*''Mogorium''&lt;small&gt; Juss.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Noldeanthus''&lt;small&gt; Knobl.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Nyctanthos'' &lt;small&gt; St.-Lag.&lt;/small&gt;
|synonyms_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;POWO&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328128-2#synonyms |title= ''Tacca'' J.R.Forst. &amp; G.Forst |date=2023 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher= Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=25 March 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}}
[[File:Jasmine .jpg|thumb|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ]]

**ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ(ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: '''''Jasminum''''') ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱭᱛᱩᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱳᱞᱮᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱡᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;POWO&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WFO&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000019529 |title=''Jasminum'' L. |date=2023 |website=World Flora Online |publisher=World Flora Consortium |access-date=25 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;singh2006&quot;/&gt;{{rp|193}} ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;singh2006&quot;/&gt;{{rp|194}} ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱥᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20220106-shubra-beloula-the-tiny-egyptian-village-few-know Shubra Beloula: The tiny Egyptian village few know]&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ==
ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ, ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱡᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ  ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ, ᱯᱮ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ  ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱤᱱᱱᱮᱴ (pinnate) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ {{convert|2.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱢᱳᱥ (cymose) ᱜᱩᱪᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱠᱷᱲᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱳᱠᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱳᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ  ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱞᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱳᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱠᱥ  ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;singh2006&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/j/jasmin06.html A Modern Herbal]&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱨᱳᱢᱳᱡᱳᱢ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱭᱮᱰ (2n=26) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱩᱪᱷᱩ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱯᱞᱚᱭᱰᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱠ'' (triploid 3n=39), ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱠᱥᱤᱞ'' (tetraploid 4n=52), ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱥᱱᱟᱭ'' (triploid 3n=39), ᱟᱨ ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱟᱝᱜᱚᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱚᱞᱤᱭᱚᱢ'' (tetraploid 4n=52) ᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;singh2006&quot;/&gt;

== ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ==
ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱯ-ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CTEG&quot;&gt;Townsend, C. C. and Evan Guest (1980). &quot;Jasminum officinale,&quot; in ''Flora of Iraq,'' Vol. 4.1. Baghdad, pp. 513–519.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mccleland&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Ernst Schmidt |author2=Mervyn Lötter |author3=Warren McCleland |title =Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park|publisher =Jacana Media|year =2002|page=530|isbn =978-1-919777-30-6|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=RpVJJH3kV0oC&amp;q=Jasminum+genus&amp;pg=PA530}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&amp;taxon_id=116771 ''Jasminum'' @ EFloras.org].&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;panda&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author =Panda, H. |title =Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants|publisher =National Institute Of Industrial Research|year =2005|page =220|isbn =978-81-7833-027-3|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=EeckAgAAQBAJ&amp;q=%E0%B9%88jusmine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽᱰ (ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ  ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ, ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱵᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;singh2006&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{GRIN |id=407300}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱯᱞᱩᱢᱤᱱᱮᱱᱥ'' (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ &quot;ᱵᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱ&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱟᱨ ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱰᱤᱪᱚᱴᱚᱢᱚᱢ'' (Gold Coast Jasmine) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱤᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{PLANTS |id=JAFL |taxon=Jasminum fluminense}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{PLANTS |id=JADI2 |taxon=Jasminum dichotomum}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱᱛᱷᱚᱢ'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Weeds of the Blue Mountains Bushland – Jasminum polyanthum |url=http://www.weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204150633/http://weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.php |archive-date=2014-02-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ &quot;''ᱡᱮᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱ&quot;'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ {{langx|fa|یاسمن‎|yāsamin}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Jasmine, Jessamine |dictionary=An etymological dictionary of modern English |page=779 |url=https://archive.org/details/etymologicaldict00weekuoft/page/390/ |last1=Weekley |first1=Ernest |date=1921 |publisher=London J. Murray }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|pal-Latn|yāsaman}} ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ {{lang|ar-Latn|yāsamīn}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;MWdict&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Definition of Jasmine |website=[[Merriam-Webster]] |date=2021-10-23 |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jasmine |access-date=2022-01-20 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;oed&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=jasmine |title=Jasmine |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary |date=2022 |accessdate=4 March 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕᱗᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=oed/&gt; ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ'' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Bayton |first1=Ross |title=The Gardener's Botanical: An Encyclopedia of Latin Plant Names |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D0ipDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=jasminum |date=2019 |publisher=[[Royal Horticultural Society]] |location=London, UK |isbn=978-1-78472-677-5 |page=170}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱭᱟᱥ ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ (species) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱭᱛᱩᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ (Oleaceae) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Jasmineae]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;singh2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Singh, A. K. |title =Flower Crops: Cultivation and Management|publisher =New India Publishing|year =2006|pages=193–205|isbn =978-81-89422-35-6|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Bfb1T6QbfaAC&amp;q=Jasminum+genus&amp;pg=PA193}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jasminum'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ  ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ—''Alternifolia'', ''Jasminum'', ''Primulina'', ''Trifoliolata'', ᱟᱨ ''Unifoliolata'' ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;GRIN&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?6186 |title=''Jasminum'' L. |author=USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program |publisher=Germplasm Resources Information Network, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory |access-date=November 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126042226/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?6186 |archive-date=January 26, 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Jasmine Rose photo.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]]

=== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ===
{{Main|ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ}}

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ:&lt;ref name=grin&gt;{{ cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6186 |title=''Jasminum'' information from NPGS/GRIN |author=GRIN |author-link=Germplasm Resources Information Network |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program |location=National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, [[Beltsville, Maryland]] |access-date=October 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122055/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6186 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Jasminum abyssinicum|J. abyssinicum]]'' – ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (forest jasmine)
* ''[[Jasminum adenophyllum|J. adenophyllum]]'' – ᱵᱞᱩᱜᱽᱨᱮᱯ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱯᱤᱱᱣᱦᱤᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum andamanicum|J. andamanicum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum angulare|J. angulare]]''
* ''[[Jasminum angustifolium|J. angustifolium]]'' – [[ᱵᱤᱨᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ]]
* ''[[Jasminum auriculatum|J. auriculatum]]'' – ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱱᱤᱰᱚᱞ-ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum azoricum|J. azoricum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum beesianum|J. beesianum]]'' – ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum dichotomum|J. dichotomum]]'' – ᱜᱳᱞᱰ ᱠᱳᱥᱴ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum didymum|J. didymum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum dispermum|J. dispermum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum elegans|J. elegans]]''
* ''[[Jasminum elongatum|J. elongatum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum floridum|J. floridum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum fluminense|J. fluminense]]''
* ''[[Jasminum fruticans|J. fruticans]]''
* ''[[Jasminum grandiflorum|J. grandiflorum]]'' – ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum humile|J. humile]]'' – ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum lanceolarium|J. lanceolarium]]''
* ''[[Jasminum laurifolium|J. laurifolium]]'' – ᱮᱧᱡᱮᱞ-ᱣᱤᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum malabaricum|J. malabaricum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum mesnyi|J. mesnyi]]'' – ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum multiflorum|J. multiflorum]]'' – ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱤᱯᱤᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum multipartitum|J. multipartitum]]'' – ᱤᱯᱤᱞ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum nervosum|J. nervosum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum nobile|J. nobile]]''
* ''[[Jasminum nudiflorum|J. nudiflorum]]'' – ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (winter jasmine)
* ''[[Jasminum odoratissimum|J. odoratissimum]]'' – ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum officinale|J. officinale]]'' – ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum parkeri|J. parkeri]]'' – ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ (dwarf) ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ
* ''[[Jasminum polyanthum|J. polyanthum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum sambac|J. sambac]]'' – ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (Arabian jasmine)
* ''[[Jasminum simplicifolium|J. simplicifolium]]''
* ''[[Jasminum sinense|J. sinense]]''
* ''[[Jasminum subhumile|J. subhumile]]''
* ''[[Jasminum tortuosum|J. tortuosum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum urophyllum|J. urophyllum]]''
* ''[[Jasminum volubile|J. volubile]]''
{{div col end}}

== ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱨᱤ ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;200px&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;&gt;
File:Jasminum sambac 'Grand Duke of Tuscany'.jpg|''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' &quot;ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱰᱤᱣᱩᱠ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱟᱥᱠᱟᱱᱤ&quot;
File:Jsambac.jpg|''Jasminum sambac'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱞ-ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ
File:Jasmine Bud.jpg|ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱩᱸᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ
File:Jasmine lifecycle.jpg|ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱟ (Lifecycle)
File:Bunch of jasmine flowers.jpg|ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱯᱮ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱳᱱᱮᱴᱥ ==
ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱳᱱᱮᱴ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱳᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱜᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱨᱚᱢ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱳᱱᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱳᱱᱮᱴᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱳᱞᱤᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Demole E  |year=1962 |title=Isolement et détermination de la structure du jasmonate de méthyle, constituant odorant caractéristique de l'essence de jasmin|journal=Helv Chim Acta|volume=45 |pages=675–85 |doi=10.1002/hlca.19620450233 |last2=Lederer |first2=E. |last3=Mercier |first3=D. |issue=2 |bibcode=1962HChAc..45..675D }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱳᱱᱮᱴᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ-ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱰᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|pmc=4701901|year=2016|last1=Sharma|first1=M|title=Jasmonates: Emerging Players in Controlling Temperature Stress Tolerance|journal=Frontiers in Plant Science|volume=6|pages=1129|last2=Laxmi|first2=A|doi=10.3389/fpls.2015.01129|pmid=26779205|doi-access=free |bibcode=2016FrPS....6.1129S }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ==
ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What's So Great About the Jasmine Flower? |url=https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/whats-great-about-jasmine/ |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=Earth.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=August 8 |last2=Comments |first2=2018 {{!}} Micaela Nerguizian {{!}} |title=Hopa! Rituals and Symbols of an Armenian Wedding |url=https://festival.si.edu/blog/rituals-symbols-armenian-wedding-celebration |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=Smithsonian Folklife Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱪᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=10 Different Types of Jasmine Plants (Photos) - Garden Lovers Club |url=https://www.gardenloversclub.com/ornamental/flowers/jasmine/types-of-jasmine/ |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=www.gardenloversclub.com |date=22 February 2020 |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱤᱣᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ&lt;ref name=&quot;jasmin87_ayari_geisser&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Michael |first=Ayari |author2=Vincent Geisser |language=fr |title=Tunisie : la Révolution des &quot;Nouzouh&quot;* n'a pas l'odeur du jasmin |publisher=Témoignage chrétien |year=2011 |url=http://www.temoignagechretien.fr/ARTICLES/International/Tunisie-la-Revolution-des-%C2%ABNouzouh%C2%BB*-n%E2%80%99a-pas-l%E2%80%99odeur-du-jasmin/Default-3-2370.xhtml |access-date=2011-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128201953/http://www.temoignagechretien.fr/ARTICLES/International/Tunisie-la-Revolution-des-%C2%ABNouzouh%C2%BB*-n%E2%80%99a-pas-l%E2%80%99odeur-du-jasmin/Default-3-2370.xhtml |archive-date=2011-01-28 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;jasmin87_QudOran&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=La révolution par le feu et par un clic |publisher=[[Le Quotidien d'Oran]]/moofid.com |date=2011-02-25 |url=http://news.moofid.com/fr-8441-La-revolution-par-le-feu-et-par-un-clic.htm |access-date=2011-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714113629/http://news.moofid.com/fr-8441-La-revolution-par-le-feu-et-par-un-clic.htm |archive-date=2011-07-14 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱣᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ &quot;ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱩᱞ&quot;  ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kim |first=Elvis H |date=September 2021 |title=Democratization and Authoritarianism in the Information Age |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/22338659211026006 |journal=International Area Studies Review |language=en |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=205–223 |doi=10.1177/22338659211026006 |s2cid=237434616 |issn=2233-8659|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱤᱱ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾


&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed-hover&quot;&gt;
File:Tea patterns p1160028.jpg|ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱥ
File:Chinesischer Maler des 12. Jahrhunderts (I) 001.jpg|''ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ'', ᱑᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱷᱟᱣ ᱪᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱞᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ
File:Meenakshi Sundareswarar.jpg|ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ
File:Jasmine Flower full bloom on the plant near Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. 01.jpg|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
File:Photo Jasmine flowers harvest 1965 - Touring Club Italiano 1.2940.jpg|ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱭᱳ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (᱑᱙᱖᱕)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ==
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

* ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱥᱠᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://peacockplume.fr/food-travel/damascus-city-jasmine|title=Damascus, the City of Jasmine|author=Anabel Bachour|date=23 February 2017|publisher=Peacock Plume, Student Media, The American University of Paris, France|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-date=12 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412114937/http://peacockplume.fr/food-travel/damascus-city-jasmine|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭᱤ: ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱠ'' (&quot;''ᱯᱤᱠᱟᱠᱮ''&quot;) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ (ᱞᱮᱭᱤ) ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Hitt |first=Christine |date=1 May 2018 |title=7 of Hawaii's Most Popular Lei and What Makes Them Unique |work=Hawaii Magazine |url=https://www.hawaiimagazine.com/7-of-hawaiis-most-popular-lei-and-what-makes-them-unique/ |access-date=1 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ: ''ᱡᱚᱥᱢᱤᱱᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱠ'' ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.proxsis.com/perundangan/LH/doc/uu/F00-1993-00004.pdf Keputusan Presiden No. 4 Tahun 1993] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402234237/http://www.proxsis.com/perundangan/LH/doc/uu/F00-1993-00004.pdf |date=2012-04-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ &quot;**ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱛᱤ ᱯᱩᱛᱤᱦ**&quot; (melati putih) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱾
* [[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]]: ''[[Jasminum officinale]]'' ᱫᱚ &quot;**ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱮᱞᱤ**&quot; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ &quot;**ᱤᱭᱟᱥᱢᱤᱱ**&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[National symbols of Pakistan|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Akhtar |first=Moin |date=26 October 2020 |title=Pakistan National Flower, Animal and Bird |url=https://ilm.com.pk/pakistan/pakistan-information/pakistan-national-flower-animal-and-bird/ |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=ILM.com.pk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]: ''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱓᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ &quot;ᱥᱟᱢᱯᱟᱜᱩᱭᱴᱟ&quot; (sampaguita) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 November 2021 |title=Philippine National Flower- Sampaguita |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/2021/11/10/philippine-national-flower-sampaguita/#:~:text=For%20today's%20%23WildlifeWednesday%2C%20let's%20learn,purity%2C%20fidelity%2C%20and%20hope. |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=National Museum of the Philippines}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ]]: ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱᱟᱜ (motherhood) ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.flowerstips.org/symbolic-spiritual-meaning-jasmine-flowers/|title=Symbolic and spiritual meaning of jasmine flowers|date=2017-01-03|website=Gardening Tips {{!}} Flower Wiki|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[ᱴᱤᱣᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟ]]: ᱴᱤᱣᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Tunisian Revolution|ᱴᱤᱣᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ]]: (ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[Shia Islam|ᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ]]), ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱹᱵᱤ [[Muhammad|ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ [[Fatimah al-Zahra|ᱯᱷᱟᱛᱤᱢᱟ ᱟᱞ-ᱡᱟᱦᱨᱟ]] ᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pasokhgoo.ir/node/31525 علت نامگذاری حضرت زهرا (س) به گل یاس و مهدی موعود (عج) به گل نرگس چیست ؟ التماس دها]&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ&quot; ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}} 
* ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Mandevilla sanderi]]'' 
* ᱠᱮᱯ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (Cape jasmine) ''[[Gardenia]]''
* ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱞᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Gelsemium sempervirens]]''
* ᱠᱨᱮᱯ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Tabernaemontana divaricata]]''
* ᱪᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Mandevilla laxa]]''
* [[Jasmine rice|ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ]], ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ
* ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Stephanotis floribunda]]''
* ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Parsonsia capsularis]]''
* ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (Night-blooming jasmine) ''[[Cestrum nocturnum]]'' 
* ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ / ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱟᱨ (Night-flowering jasmine) ''[[Nyctanthes arbor-tristis]]''
* ᱚᱨᱮᱧᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Murraya paniculata]]'' 
* ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (Red jasmine) ''[[Plumeria rubra]]''
* ᱤᱯᱤᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (Star jasmine) ''[[Trachelospermum jasminoides]]'' 
* ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱜᱩᱣᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''[[Brunfelsia australis]]''

* [[Tree jasmine (disambiguation)|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ (Tree jasmine)]]
{{div col end}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ==
* {{cite journal
 | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&amp;taxon_id=116771
 | title = ''Jasminum'' Linn
 | access-date = 2008-06-03
 | journal = Flora of Pakistan
 | page = 12
 }}
*{{Cite book |title=The World in So Many Words |first=Allan A. |last=Metcalf |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1999 |isbn=0-395-95920-9}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Wiktionary|Jasmine|Jasminum}}

* {{cite web
 | url = http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&amp;GENUS_XREF=Jasminum
 | title = Flora Europaea Search Results
 | access-date = 2008-06-03
 | work = [[Flora Europaea]]
 | publisher = [[Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh]]
}}
* {{cite web
 | url = http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/index.php?langue=an
 | title = African Plants Database
 | publisher = [[Natural History Museum of Geneva|South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève]] and Tela Botanica}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Jasmine|volume=15|pages=277–278}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q82014}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jasminum| ]]
[[Category:ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱫᱷᱩᱬᱟᱹ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱳᱞᱮᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>786rw8bax72774g1vso82ze8zgd4gb5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱨᱚᱵᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱳᱭ</title>
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      <text bytes="23181" sha1="2q7vnen8mx0fyns4hmtiycj22ifyk10" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱐᱐᱐)}}
{{Infobox cricketer
|                name = ᱨᱚᱵᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱳᱭ
|               image = 
|          birth_date = {{birth date and age|2000|9|5|df=yes}}
|         birth_place = [[ᱡᱚᱫᱷᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|         death_place = 
|             batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ-ᱛᱤᱛᱮ
|             bowling = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ-ᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱜᱽᱵᱨᱮᱠ
|                role = ᱵᱚᱣᱞᱟᱨ
|              height = 1.70 m&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sportskeeda.com/player/bishnoi-ravi Ravi Bishnoi’s profile] on [[Sportskeeda]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|               club1 = [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ|ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]]
|               year1 = ᱒᱐᱑᱘/᱑᱙–᱒᱐᱒᱒/᱒᱓
|               club2 = [[ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱤᱝᱜᱽᱥ]]
|               year2 = ᱒᱐᱒᱐–᱒᱐᱒᱑
|               club3 = [[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱮᱸᱴᱥ]]
|               year3 = ᱒᱐᱒᱒–᱒᱐᱒᱕
|               club4 = [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ]]
|               year4 = ᱒᱐᱒᱓/᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ

|   internationalspan = ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ
|             country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|       international = ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ
|              oneodi = ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ
|        odidebutdate = ᱖ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ
|        odidebutyear = ᱒᱐᱒᱒
|     odidebutagainst = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ
|              odicap = ᱒᱕᱕
|         lastodidate = 
|         lastodiyear = 
|      lastodiagainst =
|            odishirt = 56

|       T20Idebutdate = ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ
|       T20Idebutyear = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
|    T20Idebutagainst = ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ
|             T20Icap = 95
|        lastT20Idate = ᱒ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ
|        lastT20Iyear = ᱒᱐᱒᱕
|     lastT20Iagainst = ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ
|           T20Ishirt = 56

| columns            = 4
| column2            = ᱴᱤ᱒᱐
| matches2           = 42
| runs2              = 55
| bat avg2           = 7.85
| 100s/50s2          = 0/0
| top score2         = 9[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
| deliveries2        = 964
| wickets2           = 61
| bowl avg2          = 19.37
| fivefor2           = 0
| tenfor2            = 0
| best bowling2      = 4/13
| catches/stumpings2 = 15/–

| column1            = ᱳᱰᱤ
| matches1           = 1
| runs1              = 4
| bat avg1           = -
| 100s/50s1          = 0/0
| top score1         = 4[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
| deliveries1        = 48
| wickets1           = 1
| bowl avg1          = 69.00
| fivefor1           = 0
| tenfor1            = 0
| best bowling1      = 1/69
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/–
| column3 = ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱥᱤ.
| matches3 = 9
| runs3 = 138
| bat avg3 = 11.50
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0
| top score3 = 45
| deliveries3 = 1,077
| wickets3 = 25
| bowl avg3 = 27.72
| fivefor3 = 1
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 =5/76
| catches/stumpings3 = 3/–
| column4 = ᱮᱞ.ᱮ.
| matches4 = 33
| runs4 = 181
| bat avg4 = 12.06
| 100s/50s4 = 0/0
| top score4 = 40
| deliveries4 = 1,652
| wickets4 = 50
| bowl avg4 = 28.14
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 4/17
| catches/stumpings4 = 4/–
|                date = ᱑᱓ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱕
|              source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1175441.html ESPNcricinfo
| medaltemplates = 
{{MedalSport|Men's [[cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Cricket at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2022 Hangzhou]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Under-19 Cricket World Cup|ICC U19 World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2020 Under-19 Cricket World Cup|2020 South Africa]]}}
|club5=[[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞᱥ]]|year5=᱒᱐᱒᱖}}

'''ᱨᱚᱵᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱳᱭ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ravi Bishnoi |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1175441.html |access-date=21 February 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ-ᱵᱨᱮᱠ ᱵᱳᱞᱤᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱳᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾

==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱳᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱫᱷᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱳᱭ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱪ, ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱭᱳᱛ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱨᱟᱴᱷᱳᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱨᱩᱠᱷ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱯᱟᱨᱴᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 February 2020|title=Part-time architect and cyclist, full-time cricketer: The Ravi Bishnoi story {{!}} KXIP {{!}} Official Website of the Kings XI Punjab|url=https://www.kxip.in/features/ravi-bishnoi-spartans-academy-biography|access-date=25 September 2020|website=KXIP|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱰᱚᱨ-᱑᱖ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱰᱚᱨ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱰᱚᱨ-᱑᱙ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 February 2020|title=Ravi Bishnoi - From being rejected in U16 and U19 trials to spearheading Indian bowling at the U19 World Cup|url=https://www.crictracker.com/ravi-bishnoi-from-being-rejected-in-u16-and-u19-trials-to-spearheading-indian-bowling-at-the-u19-world-cup/|access-date=25 September 2020|website=CricTracker|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mittal|first=Yash|date=5 September 2020|title=From Building His Own Academy To Leading India To U-19 WC Finals- The Ravi Bishnoi Story|url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket/ravi-bishnoi-recalls-his-struggle/|access-date=25 September 2020|website=CricketAddictor|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱮᱴ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='The Secret' and the success of Ravi Bishnoi|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28553004/the-secret-success-ravi-bishnoi|access-date=25 September 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱑ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱘-᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱽ ᱢᱩᱥᱛᱟᱠ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ|ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ ᱒᱐ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;T20&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157095.html |title=Group B, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy at Surat, Feb 21 2019 |access-date=21 February 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱙-᱒᱐ ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;LA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1200666.html |title=Elite, Group C, Vijay Hazare Trophy at Jaipur, Sep 27 2019 |access-date=27 September 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱙-᱒᱐ ᱫᱮᱣᱫᱷᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/deodhar-trophy-2019-squads-india-a-india-b-india-c-parthiv-patel-shubman-gill-anuma-vihari-ranchi/article29788595.ece |title=Deodhar Trophy 2019: Hanuma Vihari, Parthiv, Shubman to lead; Yashasvi earns call-up |work=SportStar |date=24 October 2019 |access-date=25 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ===
ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱟᱭᱤᱯᱤᱮᱞ ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱤᱝᱥ ᱤᱞᱮᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28338426/ipl-auction-analysis-do-eight-teams-their-best-xis-place? |title=IPL auction analysis: Do the eight teams have their best XIs in place? |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=20 December 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱳᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱚᱞᱥ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱤᱯᱤᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱵᱷ ᱯᱚᱸᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑/᱒᱒ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ ᱯᱷᱤᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ravi Bishnoi castles Rishabh Pant to claim maiden IPL wicket during Delhi Capitals vs Kings XI match - WATCH|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/ravi-bishnoi-castles-rishabh-pant-to-claim-maiden-ipl-wicket-during-delhi-capitals-vs-kings-xi-match-watch/655448|access-date=24 September 2020|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=20 September 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱑᱒ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=7 Youngsters who turned from nobody to somebody at IPL 2020|url=https://www.theweekendleader.com/Headlines/58844/7-youngsters-who-turned-from-nobody-to-somebody-at-ipl-2020.html|access-date=9 November 2020|website=www.theweekendleader.com|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱳᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱤᱸᱴᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='You want to get 3 pillars sorted': Captain Rahul explains reason behind Lucknow Super Giants picking Stoinis, Bishnoi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2022-kl-rahul-explains-reason-behind-lucknow-super-giants-picking-marcus-stoinis-ravi-bishnoi-101643044806061.html |access-date=17 February 2022 |work=Hindustan times|date=25 January 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱰᱚᱨ-᱑᱙ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Four-time champion India announce U19 Cricket World Cup squad|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2019/news/139375/four-time-champion-india-announce-u19-cricket-world-cup-squad|access-date=2 December 2019|work=Board of Control for Cricket in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱳᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ICC U-19 Cricket World Cup: Indian Teen Sensation Ravi Bishnoi Takes Four Wickets Without Conceding A Run|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-icc-u-19-cricket-world-cup-indian-teen-sensation-ravi-bishnoi-takes-four-wickets-without-conceding-a-run/345994|access-date=21 January 2020|work=Outlook India|date=21 January 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=How ditching the boards helped Ravi Bishnoi - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-u-19-world-cup/how-ditching-the-boards-helped-ravi-bishnoi/articleshow/74055070.cms|access-date=27 February 2020|work=The Times of India|date=10 February 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IPL 2020 - Kamlesh Nagarkoti, Shahbaz Ahmed, Ravi Bishnoi head line-up of exciting uncapped Indian bowlers|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29834871/ipl-2020-kamlesh-nagarkoti,-shahbaz-ahmed,-ravi-bishnoi-head-line-uncapped-indian-bowlers|access-date=10 September 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱳᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ODI) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱟᱭᱤ) ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-wi-2022-rohit-sharma-and-kuldeep-yadav-return-for-west-indies-odis-and-t20is-1298852 |title=Rohit and Kuldeep return for West Indies ODIs and T20Is |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=26 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱴᱤ-᱒᱐ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1278679.html |title=1st T20I (N), Kolkata, Feb 16 2022, West Indies tour of India |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱑᱗ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-in-india-2021-22-1278661/india-vs-west-indies-1st-t20i-1278679/match-report |title=Bishnoi, Harshal, Rohit hand India 1-0 T20I series lead as Pooran 61 in vain |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=16 February 2022 |access-date=16 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=2 October 2022 |title=India's squad for ODI series against SA announced |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555935/india-s-squad-for-odi-series-against-sa-announced |website= Board of Control for Cricket in India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱒ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1327509.html |title=1st ODI (D/N), Lucknow, October 06, 2022, South Africa tour of India |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=6 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IND vs SA, 1st ODI: India Bowl, Hand Debuts to Ruturaj Gaikwad, Ravi Bishnoi |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/ind-vs-sa-1st-odi-india-bowl-hand-debuts-to-ruturaj-gaikwad-ravi-bishnoi-6110821.html |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱨᱚᱵᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱳᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱙᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱕᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ravi Bishnoi Net Worth, Bio, Career Stats|url=https://fantasykhiladi.com/net-worth/ravi-bishnoi/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=Fantasy Khiladi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤ-᱒᱐ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘.᱒᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱙ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India's squad for T20I series against Australia announced |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55556057/india-s-squad-for-t20i-series-against-australia-announced |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=www.bcci.tv |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱔ ᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱔ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IND vs AUS, Australia in India 2023/24, 1st T20I at Visakhapatnam, November 23, 2023 - Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2023-24-1389381/india-vs-australia-1st-t20i-1389391/full-scorecard |access-date=2023-11-29 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱓᱒ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱓ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IND vs AUS, Australia in India 2023/24, 2nd T20I at Thiruvananthapuram, November 26, 2023 - Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2023-24-1389381/india-vs-australia-2nd-t20i-1389392/full-scorecard |access-date=2023-11-29 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=1175441}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱳᱭ, ᱨᱚᱵᱤ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱴᱣᱤᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱤᱝᱜᱽᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱮᱸᱴᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱫᱷᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱖ᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>2q7vnen8mx0fyns4hmtiycj22ifyk10</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35751</id>
    <revision>
      <id>191258</id>
      <parentid>191248</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:53:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>191258</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="67104" sha1="k5d682g41175n355kyx64s7g67m9e35" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}

[[File:Observance of International Workers' Day RGBY.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=2|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ:
{{legend|#dd3333|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#ffcc33|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#00af89|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#cccccc|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ}}]]

'''ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ''' (Labour Day) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[International Workers' Day|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Haymarket affair|ᱦޭᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ |title=The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers |last=Rothman |first=Lily |date=1 May 2017 |magazine=Time |language=en |access-date=2 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Labor Day|ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ 


ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[public holiday|ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ / ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[labour movement|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Labor rights|ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ]] ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ [[trade union|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[eight-hour day movement|ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ==
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[International Workers' Day|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Chicago|ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Haymarket affair|ᱦޭᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;


ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ==

=== ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ===
[[File:Queensland State Archives 4773 May Day Procession May 1953.png|thumb|ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ, ᱑᱙᱕᱓]]
ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ [[Public holidays in Australia|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ [[States and territories of Australia|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ ᱾ [[Australian Capital Territory|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤ]], [[New South Wales|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[South Australia|ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[Victoria (state)|ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[Tasmania|ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ (ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Eight Hours Day|ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-04/93-119aa027%20authorised.pdf |title=Public Holidays Act 1993 |publisher=vic.gov.au |access-date=8 October 2024 |archive-date=19 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919000527/https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-04/93-119aa027%20authorised.pdf |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.legislation.tas.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-2000-096 |title=Tasmanian Legislation Online: Statutory Holidays Act 2000 |publisher=tas.gov.au |access-date=8 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003230751/https://www.legislation.tas.gov.au/view/whole/html/inforce/current/act-2000-096 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Western Australia|ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_44571.pdf/$FILE/Public%20and%20Bank%20Holidays%20Act%201972%20-%20[02-g0-00].pdf |title=Public and Bank Holidays Act 1972 |publisher=wa.gov.au |access-date=8 October 2024 |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617020359/https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_44571.pdf/$FILE/Public%20and%20Bank%20Holidays%20Act%201972%20-%20[02-g0-00].pdf |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Queensland|ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[Northern Territory|ᱱᱚᱨᱫᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ (ᱱᱚᱨᱫᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/special-dates-and-events/public-holidays |title=Australian Government: National Public Holidays |publisher=australia.gov.au |access-date=7 March 2016 |archive-date=14 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414132759/https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/special-dates-and-events/public-holidays |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Christmas Island|ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟᱥ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==== ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ====

[[Australian labour movement#Early history|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ [[Eight-hour day movement|ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱒᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱕᱖ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ [[Melbourne|ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://alldownunder.com/australian-dates/holiday-labour-day.htm |title=Australian Public Holidays: Labour Day |work=alldownunder.com |date=1998 |access-date=7 March 2016 |archive-date=19 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619093412/http://alldownunder.com/australian-dates/holiday-labour-day.htm |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱢᱤᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[University of Melbourne|ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[Parliament House, Melbourne|ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ]] ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱚᱞᱚᱯ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱴᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;LewisBalderstone2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Wendy |last1=Lewis |first2=Simon |last2=Balderstone |first3=John |last3=Bowman |title=Events that Shaped Australia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_6TVAAAACAAJ |access-date=7 March 2016 |year=2006 |publisher=[[New Holland Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-74110-492-9 |page=57}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ====
[[Queensland|ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ &quot;ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot;  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ([[Saint David's Day|ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱰ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]) ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[Brisbane|ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱙᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, [[Haymarket affair|ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ  ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Radical Brisbane (2004), ISBN 0958079455, pp 231–4.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱨᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱷᱚᱛᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Rana Plaza collapse|ᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ]] ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ [[Bangladesh|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot;  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = &quot;dwelle2404&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=20 July 2014 |date=24 April 2014 |url=http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 |archive-date=20 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720044730/http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://bangladesh.officialpublicholidays.com/national-holiday |publisher=Official Public Holidays |title=Bangladesh Official Public Holidays |access-date=27 December 2015 |archive-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330010026/http://bangladesh.officialpublicholidays.com/national-holiday |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ (May Day) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

=== ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱥ ===
[[Public holidays in the Bahamas|ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/bahamas |publisher=timeanddate.com |title=Holidays in The Bahamas in 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |archive-date=21 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121015052/http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/bahamas/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, [[The Bahamas|ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱥ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱗ ᱡᱩᱱ, ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ [[Nassau, The Bahamas|ᱱᱟᱥᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱚᱝᱼᱵᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱚᱞ, ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ [[Junkanoo|ᱡᱩᱱᱠᱟᱱᱩ]] ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷᱚᱨᱱ ᱨᱤᱠᱨᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Oswald |title=History of Randol Fawkes Labour Day |url=https://bahamaschronicle.com/history-of-randol-fawkes-labour-day/ |website=Bahamas Chronicle |access-date=18 January 2025 |date=2 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ===

[[File:1900s Toronto LabourDay Parade.jpg|thumb|᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ [[Toronto|ᱴᱚᱨᱚᱱᱴᱳ]], [[Ontario|ᱚᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤᱭᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ]]
[[Labour Day (Canada)|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ({{langx|fr|Fête du Travail}}) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[Public holidays in Canada|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gagnon |first=Marc-André |title=Labour Day in Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day/ |access-date=7 September 2020 |website=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |archive-date=10 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910101347/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱗᱒ ᱨᱮ [[Toronto|ᱴᱚᱨᱚᱱᱴᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ (ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱨᱮ) ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1872: The fight for a shorter work-week |url=https://canadianlabour.ca/who-we-are/history/1872-the-fight-for-a-shorter-work-week/ |website=Canadian Labour Congress |access-date=18 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱒ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱚᱨᱚᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[Peter J. McGuire]] ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ [[New York City|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ [[Knights of Labor]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[Hamilton, Ontario|ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱞᱴᱚᱱ]], [[Oshawa|ᱳᱥᱟᱣᱟ]], [[Montreal|ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱨᱤᱭᱮᱞ]], [[St. Catharines|ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤᱱᱥ]], [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|ᱦᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ]], [[Ottawa|ᱳᱴᱟᱣᱟ]], [[Vancouver|ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱠᱩᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[London, Ontario|ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱨᱤᱭᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ [[Nova Scotia|ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱠᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ (Provincial Workmen's Association, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱑᱘᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤ  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ [[Royal commission|ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱫᱚ [[James Sherrard Armstrong]] (᱑᱘᱘᱖–᱘᱘) ᱟᱨ Augustus Toplady Freed (᱑᱘᱘᱘–᱘᱙) ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[Government of Canada|ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Report of the Royal Commission on the Relations of Labor and Capital in Canada |date=1889 |publisher=Privy Council Office |location=Ottawa |page=12 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/472984/publication.html |access-date=18 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;/&gt; ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱨᱤᱛ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Heron |first1=Craig |title=The Workers' Festival: A History of Labour Day in Canada |last2=Penfold |first2=Steve |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-8020-4886-2 |location=Toronto |pages=31–38}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱪᱤᱱ ===
ᱜᱚᱱᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=China scraps one of three Golden Week holidays |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/life-china-holidays-dc-idUKPEK14649920071216 |access-date=13 April 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=16 December 2007 |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413053106/https://www.reuters.com/article/life-china-holidays-dc-idUKPEK14649920071216 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院关于修改《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》の决定 |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6986381.htm |date=10 November 2024 |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=Chinese |publisher=State Council of the People's Republic of China}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ &quot;ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱳ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ&quot; ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱯᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=调与休：黄金周长假的变迁 |trans-title=Reconcile and rest: the change of Golden Week vacation |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/1127/c70731-23676181.html |date=27 November 2013 |access-date=13 April 2022 |language=Chinese |work=[[People's Daily]] |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413052529/http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/1127/c70731-23676181.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院办公厅关于2025年部分节假日安排の通知 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/20241112/46dcf0de740844dd824ff54b5be5af2e/c.html |date=12 November 2024 |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=Chinese |work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院办公厅关于2025年部分节假日安排の通知 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/20241112/46dcf0de740844dd824ff54b5be5af2e/c.html |date=12 November 2024 |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=Chinese |work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ S.A.R. ===
᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=1 July 2012 |title=新闻背景：香港回归15年大事记 |trans-title=News Background: Events in the 15 years since Hong Kong's return to China |url=https://www.chinanews.com/ga/2012/07-01/3998742.shtml |language=Chinese |publisher=[[China News Service]] |access-date=1 May 2024 |archive-date=2 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702000613/http://www.chinanews.com/ga/2012/07-01/3998742.shtml |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ===
[[File:Chennai LabourStatue Closeup.jpg|thumb|[[Tamil Nadu|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Chennai|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Marina Beach|ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱪ]] ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ&quot;  ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ]]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ [[Chennai|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] (ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=What is the significance of Labour Day or May Day? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/labour-day-may-day-explainer-significance-history-celebration/article68127947.ece/ |access-date=16 October 2024 |website=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ===
ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ, ᱒᱔ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ &quot;ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ  ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/labourDay2008/history.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910163817/http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/labourDay2008/history.htm | archive-date=10 September 2009 | title=Labour Day 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱱᱳᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱚᱞᱚᱯ ᱧᱟᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, ᱠᱤᱝᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱩᱠᱟᱹᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱔᱒᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱦᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱨᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ — ᱵᱟᱥᱴᱟᱢᱟᱱᱴᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ (JLP) ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱣᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ (PNP) — ᱠᱤᱝᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱥ (tear gas) ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱣᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱝᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ&quot;  ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱤᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱥᱟᱰᱳᱥ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱖᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱩᱠᱟᱹᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ===
ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱛᱷᱮᱝᱠᱥᱜᱤᱵᱷᱤᱝ (ᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |title=Labor Thanksgiving Day – 勤労感謝の日 |last=Miller |first=Adam |date=22 November 2011 |work=Axiom Magazine |access-date=22 November 2011 |archive-date=29 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529122025/http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ===
ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ, ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱮᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://anydayguide.com/calendar/218 |title=Labor Day in Kazakhstan / September 24, 2017 |work=AnydayGuide |access-date=24 September 2017 |archive-date=25 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925083259/https://anydayguide.com/calendar/218 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ===
ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱥ (COTU) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ [[Francis Atwoli]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

=== ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ S.A.R. ===
[[ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ {{lang|pt|Dia do Trabalhador}} (ᱯᱩᱨᱛᱩᱜᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ 'ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ') ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2023 |url=https://www.gov.mo/pt/public-holidays/year-2023/ |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=Portal do Governo da RAE de Macau |language=pt-PT |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501123231/https://www.gov.mo/pt/public-holidays/year-2023/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ===
᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ, [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ (May Day) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hector |first=Charles |date=December 2017 |title=The Labor Movement in Malaysia |url=https://www.hurights.or.jp/archives/focus/section3/2017/12/the-labor-movement-in-malaysia.html |access-date=16 October 2024 |website=hurights.or.jp |publisher=Asia-Pacific Human Rights Information Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=First Labour Day celebrations |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |website=NZHistory |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=6 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906154732/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱔᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱣᱮᱞᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[Samuel Duncan Parnell]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ: &quot;ᱟᱵᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱯᱩᱱ (᱒᱔) ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ&quot; ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱒᱘ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱙᱐ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ 'ᱢᱮᱨᱤᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Labour Day NZ&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Labour Day |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/labour-day |website=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage#History and heritage|NZ History online]] |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=17 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917002822/https://www.nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/labour-day |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Labour Day celebrates 8-hour working day – New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/get-involved/features/labour-day-celebrates-8-hour-working-day/ |access-date=21 October 2021 |website=www.parliament.nz |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021115840/https://www.parliament.nz/en/get-involved/features/labour-day-celebrates-8-hour-working-day/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱑᱘᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ 'ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱑᱘᱙᱙' ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Labour Day NZ&quot; /&gt;

=== ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ===
ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ, ᱥᱮ ''ᱭᱚᱢ-ᱮ-ᱢᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱨ,'' ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱞᱯᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱴᱳ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ, ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱛᱚᱞᱚᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

=== ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱚᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ [[The Most Holy Virgin Mary, Queen of Poland|Queen of Poland]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱡᱳᱣᱠᱟ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱼᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱚᱲᱮ, ᱵᱟᱨᱵᱤᱠᱭᱩ, ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Labour Day |url=https://its-poland.com/travel-tips/polish-bank-holidays |access-date=25 November 2024 |website=its-poland}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Poland's day of the flag |url=https://poland.pl/experience-poland/traditions-and-holidays/day-flag-republic-poland/ |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=poland.pl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱥ ===
[[File:Labor Day May 1 2019 Protest Manila 3.jpg|thumb|᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ]] 
[[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱥ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest-appendix/ |title=APPENDIX: A History of the Philippine Political Protest |publisher=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette]] |access-date=1 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱙᱐᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙动态 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1112299/did-you-know-ph-first-observed-labor-day-in-1903 |title=DID YOU KNOW: PH first observed Labor Day in 1903 |publisher=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=1 May 2019 |access-date=1 May 2024 |first=Marielle |last=Medina}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ, ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱ (Swiss cantons) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kantonalrechtliche Feiertage |language=de,fr,it |url=https://www.bj.admin.ch/dam/bj/de/data/publiservice/service/zivilprozessrecht/kant-feiertage.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱵᱟᱨᱜᱽ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Historique du 1er mai |language=fr |url=https://res.friportail.ch/chantonsmai/fr/historique-du-1er-mai}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ ===
[[ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=台灣國定假日與節日 – 2019年年曆 |url=https://holidays-calendar.net/calendar_zh_tw/taiwan_zh_tw.html |website=holidays-calendar.net |language=zh |access-date=6 September 2022 |archive-date=1 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501163806/https://holidays-calendar.net/calendar_zh_tw/taiwan_zh_tw.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ===
[[ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ|ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾  ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ  ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ, ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱴᱼᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.advantour.com/tajikistan/holidays.htm#:~:text=Festive%20performances%20and%20concerts%20are,9%20is%20a%20sacred%20date |title=Public Holidays in Tajikistan in 2024–2025 |date=31 December 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱤᱫᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱳᱵᱮᱜᱳ ===
ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱤᱫᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱳᱵᱮᱜᱳ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱑᱙ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱓᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[Tubal Uriah Butler]] ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱔ᱼ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/Default.aspx?tabid=268 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807210105/http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/Default.aspx?tabid=268 |title=Trinidad and Tobago Labour Day |archive-date=7 August 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ===
[[ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ]] ᱨᱮ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱡᱩᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=May 1 Labor and Solidarity Day marked throughout Turkey with rallies, meetings |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2019/05/01/may-1-labor-and-solidarity-day-marked-throughout-turkey-with-rallies-meetings |access-date=30 April 2025 |work=Daily Sabah |date=1 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱟᱠᱥᱤᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱥᱤᱢ ᱥᱠᱩᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱯᱚᱡ  ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 2024 |title=1 Mayıs'ın Taksim'de kutlanması tartışmaları sürüyor: Meydan neden önemli? |url=https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/cgrjmz35j7mo |access-date=30 April 2024 |website=[[BBC World Service|BBC News Türkçe]] |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ===
[[File:First United States Labor Day Parade, September 5, 1882 in New York City.jpg|thumb|᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ]]

ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Yelena. |url=http://www.celebrations.com/article/Labor-Day-End-of-Summer-White-Party |title=Labor Day End of Summer White Party |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091018022008/http://www.celebrations.com/article/Labor-Day-End-of-Summer-White-Party |archive-date=18 October 2009 |website=Celebrations.com |access-date=5 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Helderman |first1=Rosalind S. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/05/AR2009090502666.html |title=Issues That Matter to You: School Start After Labor Day |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906183328/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/05/AR2009090502666.html |archive-date=6 September 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=6 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; [https://archives.nupge.ca/content/celebrating-labour-day-holiday-canada-gave-world ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
* ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ)
* ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/61SLQ_INST/dls06p/alma99183587719602061 ToadShow ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ], [[State Library of Queensland]] ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ, ᱤᱯᱥᱣᱤᱪ, ᱜᱳᱞᱰ ᱠᱳᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱞᱰᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱾

{{Australia Holidays}}
{{Public holidays in Cambodia}}
{{Hong Kong Holidays}}
{{Public holidays in Indonesia}}
{{Public holidays in Malaysia}}
{{Mexico Holidays}}
{{Public holidays in Myanmar}}
{{Public holidays in New Zealand}}
{{Public holidays in Pakistan}}
{{Public holidays in the Philippines}}
{{Public holidays in Singapore}}
{{Public holidays in Spain}}
{{Public holidays in Tajikistan}}
{{Public holidays in Thailand}}
{{Public holidays in Turkey}}
{{Holidays in Maldives}}

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[[Category:ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱡᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
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[[Category:ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ| ]]
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[[Category:ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱡᱟᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>k5d682g41175n355kyx64s7g67m9e35</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>191259</id>
      <parentid>191258</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:02:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
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      <text bytes="65876" sha1="06u02u6o87vuf4c6ylx5fculnv6ys2j" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}

[[File:Observance of International Workers' Day RGBY.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=2|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ:
{{legend|#dd3333|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#ffcc33|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#00af89|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#cccccc|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ}}]]

'''ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ'''  ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦޭᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ |title=The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers |last=Rothman |first=Lily |date=1 May 2017 |magazine=Time |language=en |access-date=2 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ 


ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ / ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ==
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱜᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦޭᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;


ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ==

=== ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ===
[[File:Queensland State Archives 4773 May Day Procession May 1953.png|thumb|ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ, ᱑᱙᱕᱓]]
ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤ, ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ (ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-04/93-119aa027%20authorised.pdf |title=Public Holidays Act 1993 |publisher=vic.gov.au |access-date=8 October 2024 |archive-date=19 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919000527/https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-04/93-119aa027%20authorised.pdf |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.legislation.tas.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-2000-096 |title=Tasmanian Legislation Online: Statutory Holidays Act 2000 |publisher=tas.gov.au |access-date=8 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003230751/https://www.legislation.tas.gov.au/view/whole/html/inforce/current/act-2000-096 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_44571.pdf/$FILE/Public%20and%20Bank%20Holidays%20Act%201972%20-%20[02-g0-00].pdf |title=Public and Bank Holidays Act 1972 |publisher=wa.gov.au |access-date=8 October 2024 |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617020359/https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_44571.pdf/$FILE/Public%20and%20Bank%20Holidays%20Act%201972%20-%20[02-g0-00].pdf |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱨᱫᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ (ᱱᱚᱨᱫᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/special-dates-and-events/public-holidays |title=Australian Government: National Public Holidays |publisher=australia.gov.au |access-date=7 March 2016 |archive-date=14 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414132759/https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/special-dates-and-events/public-holidays |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟᱥ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==== ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ====

ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱒᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱕᱖ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://alldownunder.com/australian-dates/holiday-labour-day.htm |title=Australian Public Holidays: Labour Day |work=alldownunder.com |date=1998 |access-date=7 March 2016 |archive-date=19 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619093412/http://alldownunder.com/australian-dates/holiday-labour-day.htm |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱢᱤᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱚᱞᱚᱯ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱴᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;LewisBalderstone2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Wendy |last1=Lewis |first2=Simon |last2=Balderstone |first3=John |last3=Bowman |title=Events that Shaped Australia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_6TVAAAACAAJ |access-date=7 March 2016 |year=2006 |publisher=[[New Holland Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-74110-492-9 |page=57}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ====
ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ &quot;ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot;  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ (ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱰ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ) ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱙᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ  ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Radical Brisbane (2004), ISBN 0958079455, pp 231–4.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱨᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱷᱚᱛᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot;  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = &quot;dwelle2404&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=20 July 2014 |date=24 April 2014 |url=http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 |archive-date=20 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720044730/http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://bangladesh.officialpublicholidays.com/national-holiday |publisher=Official Public Holidays |title=Bangladesh Official Public Holidays |access-date=27 December 2015 |archive-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330010026/http://bangladesh.officialpublicholidays.com/national-holiday |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ (May Day) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

=== ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/bahamas |publisher=timeanddate.com |title=Holidays in The Bahamas in 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |archive-date=21 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121015052/http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/bahamas/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱗ ᱡᱩᱱ, ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱱᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱚᱝᱼᱵᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱚᱞ, ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱩᱱᱠᱟᱱᱩ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷᱚᱨᱱ ᱨᱤᱠᱨᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Oswald |title=History of Randol Fawkes Labour Day |url=https://bahamaschronicle.com/history-of-randol-fawkes-labour-day/ |website=Bahamas Chronicle |access-date=18 January 2025 |date=2 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ===

[[File:1900s Toronto LabourDay Parade.jpg|thumb|᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱴᱚᱨᱚᱱᱴᱳ, ᱚᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ]]
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ({{langx|fr|Fête du Travail}}) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gagnon |first=Marc-André |title=Labour Day in Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day/ |access-date=7 September 2020 |website=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |archive-date=10 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910101347/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱗᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱨᱚᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ (ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱨᱮ) ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1872: The fight for a shorter work-week |url=https://canadianlabour.ca/who-we-are/history/1872-the-fight-for-a-shorter-work-week/ |website=Canadian Labour Congress |access-date=18 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱒ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱚᱨᱚᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[Peter J. McGuire]] ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ [[Knights of Labor]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱞᱴᱚᱱ, ᱳᱥᱟᱣᱟ, ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱨᱤᱭᱮᱞ, ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤᱱᱥ, ᱦᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ, ᱳᱴᱟᱣᱟ, ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱠᱩᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱨᱤᱭᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱠᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ (Provincial Workmen's Association, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱑᱘᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤ  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱫᱚ [[James Sherrard Armstrong]] (᱑᱘᱘᱖–᱘᱘) ᱟᱨ Augustus Toplady Freed (᱑᱘᱘᱘–᱘᱙) ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Report of the Royal Commission on the Relations of Labor and Capital in Canada |date=1889 |publisher=Privy Council Office |location=Ottawa |page=12 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/472984/publication.html |access-date=18 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;/&gt; ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱨᱤᱛ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Heron |first1=Craig |title=The Workers' Festival: A History of Labour Day in Canada |last2=Penfold |first2=Steve |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-8020-4886-2 |location=Toronto |pages=31–38}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱪᱤᱱ ===
ᱜᱚᱱᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=China scraps one of three Golden Week holidays |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/life-china-holidays-dc-idUKPEK14649920071216 |access-date=13 April 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=16 December 2007 |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413053106/https://www.reuters.com/article/life-china-holidays-dc-idUKPEK14649920071216 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院关于修改《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》の决定 |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6986381.htm |date=10 November 2024 |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=Chinese |publisher=State Council of the People's Republic of China}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ &quot;ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱳ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ&quot; ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱯᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=调与休：黄金周长假的变迁 |trans-title=Reconcile and rest: the change of Golden Week vacation |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/1127/c70731-23676181.html |date=27 November 2013 |access-date=13 April 2022 |language=Chinese |work=[[People's Daily]] |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413052529/http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/1127/c70731-23676181.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院办公厅关于2025年部分节假日安排の通知 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/20241112/46dcf0de740844dd824ff54b5be5af2e/c.html |date=12 November 2024 |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=Chinese |work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院办公厅关于2025年部分节假日安排の通知 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/20241112/46dcf0de740844dd824ff54b5be5af2e/c.html |date=12 November 2024 |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=Chinese |work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ S.A.R. ===
᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=1 July 2012 |title=新闻背景：香港回归15年大事记 |trans-title=News Background: Events in the 15 years since Hong Kong's return to China |url=https://www.chinanews.com/ga/2012/07-01/3998742.shtml |language=Chinese |publisher=[[China News Service]] |access-date=1 May 2024 |archive-date=2 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702000613/http://www.chinanews.com/ga/2012/07-01/3998742.shtml |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ===
[[File:Chennai LabourStatue Closeup.jpg|thumb|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱪ ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ&quot;  ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ]]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ (ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=What is the significance of Labour Day or May Day? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/labour-day-may-day-explainer-significance-history-celebration/article68127947.ece/ |access-date=16 October 2024 |website=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ===
ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ, ᱒᱔ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ &quot;ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ  ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/labourDay2008/history.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910163817/http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/labourDay2008/history.htm | archive-date=10 September 2009 | title=Labour Day 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱱᱳᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱚᱞᱚᱯ ᱧᱟᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, ᱠᱤᱝᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱩᱠᱟᱹᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱔᱒᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱦᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱨᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ — ᱵᱟᱥᱴᱟᱢᱟᱱᱴᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ (JLP) ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱣᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ (PNP) — ᱠᱤᱝᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱥ (tear gas) ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱣᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱝᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ&quot;  ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱤᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱥᱟᱰᱳᱥ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱖᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱩᱠᱟᱹᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ===
ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱛᱷᱮᱝᱠᱥᱜᱤᱵᱷᱤᱝ (ᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |title=Labor Thanksgiving Day – 勤労感謝の日 |last=Miller |first=Adam |date=22 November 2011 |work=Axiom Magazine |access-date=22 November 2011 |archive-date=29 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529122025/http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ===
ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ, ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱮᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://anydayguide.com/calendar/218 |title=Labor Day in Kazakhstan / September 24, 2017 |work=AnydayGuide |access-date=24 September 2017 |archive-date=25 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925083259/https://anydayguide.com/calendar/218 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ===
ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱥ (COTU) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ [[Francis Atwoli]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

=== ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ S.A.R. ===
[[ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ {{lang|pt|Dia do Trabalhador}} (ᱯᱩᱨᱛᱩᱜᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ 'ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ') ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2023 |url=https://www.gov.mo/pt/public-holidays/year-2023/ |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=Portal do Governo da RAE de Macau |language=pt-PT |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501123231/https://www.gov.mo/pt/public-holidays/year-2023/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ===
᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ, [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ (May Day) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hector |first=Charles |date=December 2017 |title=The Labor Movement in Malaysia |url=https://www.hurights.or.jp/archives/focus/section3/2017/12/the-labor-movement-in-malaysia.html |access-date=16 October 2024 |website=hurights.or.jp |publisher=Asia-Pacific Human Rights Information Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=First Labour Day celebrations |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |website=NZHistory |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=6 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906154732/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱔᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱣᱮᱞᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[Samuel Duncan Parnell]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ: &quot;ᱟᱵᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱯᱩᱱ (᱒᱔) ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ&quot; ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱒᱘ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱙᱐ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ 'ᱢᱮᱨᱤᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Labour Day NZ&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Labour Day |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/labour-day |website=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage#History and heritage|NZ History online]] |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=17 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917002822/https://www.nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/labour-day |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Labour Day celebrates 8-hour working day – New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/get-involved/features/labour-day-celebrates-8-hour-working-day/ |access-date=21 October 2021 |website=www.parliament.nz |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021115840/https://www.parliament.nz/en/get-involved/features/labour-day-celebrates-8-hour-working-day/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱑᱘᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ 'ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱑᱘᱙᱙' ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Labour Day NZ&quot; /&gt;

=== ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ===
ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ, ᱥᱮ ''ᱭᱚᱢ-ᱮ-ᱢᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱨ,'' ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱞᱯᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱴᱳ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ, ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱛᱚᱞᱚᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

=== ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱚᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ [[The Most Holy Virgin Mary, Queen of Poland|Queen of Poland]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱡᱳᱣᱠᱟ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱼᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱚᱲᱮ, ᱵᱟᱨᱵᱤᱠᱭᱩ, ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Labour Day |url=https://its-poland.com/travel-tips/polish-bank-holidays |access-date=25 November 2024 |website=its-poland}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Poland's day of the flag |url=https://poland.pl/experience-poland/traditions-and-holidays/day-flag-republic-poland/ |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=poland.pl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱥ ===
[[File:Labor Day May 1 2019 Protest Manila 3.jpg|thumb|᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ]] 
[[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱥ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest-appendix/ |title=APPENDIX: A History of the Philippine Political Protest |publisher=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette]] |access-date=1 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱙᱐᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙动态 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1112299/did-you-know-ph-first-observed-labor-day-in-1903 |title=DID YOU KNOW: PH first observed Labor Day in 1903 |publisher=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=1 May 2019 |access-date=1 May 2024 |first=Marielle |last=Medina}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ, ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱ (Swiss cantons) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kantonalrechtliche Feiertage |language=de,fr,it |url=https://www.bj.admin.ch/dam/bj/de/data/publiservice/service/zivilprozessrecht/kant-feiertage.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱵᱟᱨᱜᱽ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Historique du 1er mai |language=fr |url=https://res.friportail.ch/chantonsmai/fr/historique-du-1er-mai}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ ===
[[ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=台灣國定假日與節日 – 2019年年曆 |url=https://holidays-calendar.net/calendar_zh_tw/taiwan_zh_tw.html |website=holidays-calendar.net |language=zh |access-date=6 September 2022 |archive-date=1 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501163806/https://holidays-calendar.net/calendar_zh_tw/taiwan_zh_tw.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ===
[[ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ|ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾  ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ  ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ, ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱴᱼᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.advantour.com/tajikistan/holidays.htm#:~:text=Festive%20performances%20and%20concerts%20are,9%20is%20a%20sacred%20date |title=Public Holidays in Tajikistan in 2024–2025 |date=31 December 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱤᱫᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱳᱵᱮᱜᱳ ===
ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱤᱫᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱳᱵᱮᱜᱳ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱑᱙ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱓᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[Tubal Uriah Butler]] ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱔ᱼ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/Default.aspx?tabid=268 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807210105/http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/Default.aspx?tabid=268 |title=Trinidad and Tobago Labour Day |archive-date=7 August 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ===
[[ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ]] ᱨᱮ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱡᱩᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=May 1 Labor and Solidarity Day marked throughout Turkey with rallies, meetings |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2019/05/01/may-1-labor-and-solidarity-day-marked-throughout-turkey-with-rallies-meetings |access-date=30 April 2025 |work=Daily Sabah |date=1 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱟᱠᱥᱤᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱥᱤᱢ ᱥᱠᱩᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱯᱚᱡ  ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 2024 |title=1 Mayıs'ın Taksim'de kutlanması tartışmaları sürüyor: Meydan neden önemli? |url=https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/cgrjmz35j7mo |access-date=30 April 2024 |website=[[BBC World Service|BBC News Türkçe]] |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ===
[[File:First United States Labor Day Parade, September 5, 1882 in New York City.jpg|thumb|᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ]]

ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Yelena. |url=http://www.celebrations.com/article/Labor-Day-End-of-Summer-White-Party |title=Labor Day End of Summer White Party |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091018022008/http://www.celebrations.com/article/Labor-Day-End-of-Summer-White-Party |archive-date=18 October 2009 |website=Celebrations.com |access-date=5 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Helderman |first1=Rosalind S. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/05/AR2009090502666.html |title=Issues That Matter to You: School Start After Labor Day |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906183328/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/05/AR2009090502666.html |archive-date=6 September 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=6 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; [https://archives.nupge.ca/content/celebrating-labour-day-holiday-canada-gave-world ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
* ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ)
* ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/61SLQ_INST/dls06p/alma99183587719602061 ToadShow ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ], [[State Library of Queensland]] ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ, ᱤᱯᱥᱣᱤᱪ, ᱜᱳᱞᱰ ᱠᱳᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱞᱰᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱾

{{Australia Holidays}}
{{Public holidays in Cambodia}}
{{Hong Kong Holidays}}
{{Public holidays in Indonesia}}
{{Public holidays in Malaysia}}
{{Mexico Holidays}}
{{Public holidays in Myanmar}}
{{Public holidays in New Zealand}}
{{Public holidays in Pakistan}}
{{Public holidays in the Philippines}}
{{Public holidays in Singapore}}
{{Public holidays in Spain}}
{{Public holidays in Tajikistan}}
{{Public holidays in Thailand}}
{{Public holidays in Turkey}}
{{Holidays in Maldives}}

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[[Category:ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱡᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
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[[Category:ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱡᱟᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>06u02u6o87vuf4c6ylx5fculnv6ys2j</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>191277</id>
      <parentid>191259</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:45:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
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      <text bytes="65876" sha1="hnfd8l9e4w9ivj69d45eq0oxiuf51ey" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}

[[File:Observance of International Workers' Day RGBY.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=2|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ:
{{legend|#dd3333|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#ffcc33|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#00af89|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#cccccc|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ}}]]

'''ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ'''  ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦޭᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ |title=The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers |last=Rothman |first=Lily |date=1 May 2017 |magazine=Time |language=en |access-date=2 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ 


ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ / ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ==
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱜᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦޭᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;


ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ==

=== ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ===
[[File:Queensland State Archives 4773 May Day Procession May 1953.png|thumb|ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ, ᱑᱙᱕᱓]]
ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤ, ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ (ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-04/93-119aa027%20authorised.pdf |title=Public Holidays Act 1993 |publisher=vic.gov.au |access-date=8 October 2024 |archive-date=19 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919000527/https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-04/93-119aa027%20authorised.pdf |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.legislation.tas.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-2000-096 |title=Tasmanian Legislation Online: Statutory Holidays Act 2000 |publisher=tas.gov.au |access-date=8 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003230751/https://www.legislation.tas.gov.au/view/whole/html/inforce/current/act-2000-096 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_44571.pdf/$FILE/Public%20and%20Bank%20Holidays%20Act%201972%20-%20[02-g0-00].pdf |title=Public and Bank Holidays Act 1972 |publisher=wa.gov.au |access-date=8 October 2024 |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617020359/https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_44571.pdf/$FILE/Public%20and%20Bank%20Holidays%20Act%201972%20-%20[02-g0-00].pdf |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱨᱫᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ (ᱱᱚᱨᱫᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/special-dates-and-events/public-holidays |title=Australian Government: National Public Holidays |publisher=australia.gov.au |access-date=7 March 2016 |archive-date=14 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414132759/https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/special-dates-and-events/public-holidays |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟᱥ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==== ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ====

ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱒᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱕᱖ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://alldownunder.com/australian-dates/holiday-labour-day.htm |title=Australian Public Holidays: Labour Day |work=alldownunder.com |date=1998 |access-date=7 March 2016 |archive-date=19 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619093412/http://alldownunder.com/australian-dates/holiday-labour-day.htm |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱢᱤᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱚᱞᱚᱯ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱴᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;LewisBalderstone2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Wendy |last1=Lewis |first2=Simon |last2=Balderstone |first3=John |last3=Bowman |title=Events that Shaped Australia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_6TVAAAACAAJ |access-date=7 March 2016 |year=2006 |publisher=[[New Holland Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-74110-492-9 |page=57}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ====
ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ &quot;ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot;  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ (ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱰ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ) ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱙᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ  ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Radical Brisbane (2004), ISBN 0958079455, pp 231–4.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱨᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱷᱚᱛᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot;  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = &quot;dwelle2404&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=20 July 2014 |date=24 April 2014 |url=http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 |archive-date=20 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720044730/http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://bangladesh.officialpublicholidays.com/national-holiday |publisher=Official Public Holidays |title=Bangladesh Official Public Holidays |access-date=27 December 2015 |archive-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330010026/http://bangladesh.officialpublicholidays.com/national-holiday |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ (May Day) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

=== ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/bahamas |publisher=timeanddate.com |title=Holidays in The Bahamas in 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |archive-date=21 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121015052/http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/bahamas/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱗ ᱡᱩᱱ, ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱱᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱚᱝᱼᱵᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱚᱞ, ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱩᱱᱠᱟᱱᱩ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷᱚᱨᱱ ᱨᱤᱠᱨᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Oswald |title=History of Randol Fawkes Labour Day |url=https://bahamaschronicle.com/history-of-randol-fawkes-labour-day/ |website=Bahamas Chronicle |access-date=18 January 2025 |date=2 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ===

[[File:1900s Toronto LabourDay Parade.jpg|thumb|᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱴᱚᱨᱚᱱᱴᱳ, ᱚᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ]]
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ({{langx|fr|Fête du Travail}}) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gagnon |first=Marc-André |title=Labour Day in Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day/ |access-date=7 September 2020 |website=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |archive-date=10 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910101347/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱗᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱨᱚᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ (ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱨᱮ) ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1872: The fight for a shorter work-week |url=https://canadianlabour.ca/who-we-are/history/1872-the-fight-for-a-shorter-work-week/ |website=Canadian Labour Congress |access-date=18 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱒ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱚᱨᱚᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[Peter J. McGuire]] ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ [[Knights of Labor]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱞᱴᱚᱱ, ᱳᱥᱟᱣᱟ, ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱨᱤᱭᱮᱞ, ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤᱱᱥ, ᱦᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ, ᱳᱴᱟᱣᱟ, ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱠᱩᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱨᱤᱭᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱠᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ (Provincial Workmen's Association, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱑᱘᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤ  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱫᱚ [[James Sherrard Armstrong]] (᱑᱘᱘᱖–᱘᱘) ᱟᱨ Augustus Toplady Freed (᱑᱘᱘᱘–᱘᱙) ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Report of the Royal Commission on the Relations of Labor and Capital in Canada |date=1889 |publisher=Privy Council Office |location=Ottawa |page=12 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/472984/publication.html |access-date=18 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;/&gt; ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱨᱤᱛ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Heron |first1=Craig |title=The Workers' Festival: A History of Labour Day in Canada |last2=Penfold |first2=Steve |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-8020-4886-2 |location=Toronto |pages=31–38}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱪᱤᱱ ===
ᱜᱚᱱᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=China scraps one of three Golden Week holidays |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/life-china-holidays-dc-idUKPEK14649920071216 |access-date=13 April 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=16 December 2007 |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413053106/https://www.reuters.com/article/life-china-holidays-dc-idUKPEK14649920071216 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院关于修改《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》の决定 |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6986381.htm |date=10 November 2024 |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=Chinese |publisher=State Council of the People's Republic of China}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ &quot;ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱳ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ&quot; ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱯᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=调与休：黄金周长假的变迁 |trans-title=Reconcile and rest: the change of Golden Week vacation |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/1127/c70731-23676181.html |date=27 November 2013 |access-date=13 April 2022 |language=Chinese |work=[[People's Daily]] |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413052529/http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/1127/c70731-23676181.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院办公厅关于2025年部分节假日安排の通知 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/20241112/46dcf0de740844dd824ff54b5be5af2e/c.html |date=12 November 2024 |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=Chinese |work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院办公厅关于2025年部分节假日安排の通知 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/20241112/46dcf0de740844dd824ff54b5be5af2e/c.html |date=12 November 2024 |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=Chinese |work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ S.A.R. ===
᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=1 July 2012 |title=新闻背景：香港回归15年大事记 |trans-title=News Background: Events in the 15 years since Hong Kong's return to China |url=https://www.chinanews.com/ga/2012/07-01/3998742.shtml |language=Chinese |publisher=[[China News Service]] |access-date=1 May 2024 |archive-date=2 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702000613/http://www.chinanews.com/ga/2012/07-01/3998742.shtml |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ===
[[File:Chennai LabourStatue Closeup.jpg|thumb|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱪ ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ&quot;  ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ]]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ (ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=What is the significance of Labour Day or May Day? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/labour-day-may-day-explainer-significance-history-celebration/article68127947.ece/ |access-date=16 October 2024 |website=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ===
ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ, ᱒᱔ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ &quot;ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ  ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/labourDay2008/history.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910163817/http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/labourDay2008/history.htm | archive-date=10 September 2009 | title=Labour Day 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱱᱳᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱚᱞᱚᱯ ᱧᱟᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, ᱠᱤᱝᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱩᱠᱟᱹᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱔᱒᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱦᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱨᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ — ᱵᱟᱥᱴᱟᱢᱟᱱᱴᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ (JLP) ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱣᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ (PNP) — ᱠᱤᱝᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱥ (tear gas) ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱣᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱝᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ&quot;  ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱤᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱥᱟᱰᱳᱥ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱖᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱩᱠᱟᱹᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ===
ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱛᱷᱮᱝᱠᱥᱜᱤᱵᱷᱤᱝ (ᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |title=Labor Thanksgiving Day – 勤労感謝の日 |last=Miller |first=Adam |date=22 November 2011 |work=Axiom Magazine |access-date=22 November 2011 |archive-date=29 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529122025/http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ===
ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ, ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱮᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://anydayguide.com/calendar/218 |title=Labor Day in Kazakhstan / September 24, 2017 |work=AnydayGuide |access-date=24 September 2017 |archive-date=25 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925083259/https://anydayguide.com/calendar/218 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ===
ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱥ (COTU) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ [[Francis Atwoli]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

=== ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ S.A.R. ===
[[ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ {{lang|pt|Dia do Trabalhador}} (ᱯᱩᱨᱛᱩᱜᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ 'ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ') ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2023 |url=https://www.gov.mo/pt/public-holidays/year-2023/ |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=Portal do Governo da RAE de Macau |language=pt-PT |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501123231/https://www.gov.mo/pt/public-holidays/year-2023/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ===
᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ, [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ (May Day) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hector |first=Charles |date=December 2017 |title=The Labor Movement in Malaysia |url=https://www.hurights.or.jp/archives/focus/section3/2017/12/the-labor-movement-in-malaysia.html |access-date=16 October 2024 |website=hurights.or.jp |publisher=Asia-Pacific Human Rights Information Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=First Labour Day celebrations |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |website=NZHistory |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=6 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906154732/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱔᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱣᱮᱞᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[Samuel Duncan Parnell]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ: &quot;ᱟᱵᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱯᱩᱱ (᱒᱔) ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ&quot; ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱒᱘ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱙᱐ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ 'ᱢᱮᱨᱤᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Labour Day NZ&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Labour Day |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/labour-day |website=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage#History and heritage|NZ History online]] |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=17 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917002822/https://www.nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/labour-day |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Labour Day celebrates 8-hour working day – New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/get-involved/features/labour-day-celebrates-8-hour-working-day/ |access-date=21 October 2021 |website=www.parliament.nz |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021115840/https://www.parliament.nz/en/get-involved/features/labour-day-celebrates-8-hour-working-day/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱑᱘᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ 'ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱑᱘᱙᱙' ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Labour Day NZ&quot; /&gt;

=== ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ===
ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ, ᱥᱮ ''ᱭᱚᱢ-ᱮ-ᱢᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱨ,'' ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱞᱯᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱴᱳ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ, ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱛᱚᱞᱚᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

=== ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱚᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ [[The Most Holy Virgin Mary, Queen of Poland|Queen of Poland]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱡᱳᱣᱠᱟ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱼᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱚᱲᱮ, ᱵᱟᱨᱵᱤᱠᱭᱩ, ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Labour Day |url=https://its-poland.com/travel-tips/polish-bank-holidays |access-date=25 November 2024 |website=its-poland}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Poland's day of the flag |url=https://poland.pl/experience-poland/traditions-and-holidays/day-flag-republic-poland/ |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=poland.pl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱥ ===
[[File:Labor Day May 1 2019 Protest Manila 3.jpg|thumb|᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ]] 
[[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱥ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest-appendix/ |title=APPENDIX: A History of the Philippine Political Protest |publisher=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette]] |access-date=1 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱙᱐᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1112299/did-you-know-ph-first-observed-labor-day-in-1903 |title=DID YOU KNOW: PH first observed Labor Day in 1903 |publisher=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=1 May 2019 |access-date=1 May 2024 |first=Marielle |last=Medina}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ, ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱ (Swiss cantons) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kantonalrechtliche Feiertage |language=de,fr,it |url=https://www.bj.admin.ch/dam/bj/de/data/publiservice/service/zivilprozessrecht/kant-feiertage.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱵᱟᱨᱜᱽ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Historique du 1er mai |language=fr |url=https://res.friportail.ch/chantonsmai/fr/historique-du-1er-mai}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ ===
[[ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=台灣國定假日與節日 – 2019年年曆 |url=https://holidays-calendar.net/calendar_zh_tw/taiwan_zh_tw.html |website=holidays-calendar.net |language=zh |access-date=6 September 2022 |archive-date=1 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501163806/https://holidays-calendar.net/calendar_zh_tw/taiwan_zh_tw.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ===
[[ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ|ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾  ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ  ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ, ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱴᱼᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.advantour.com/tajikistan/holidays.htm#:~:text=Festive%20performances%20and%20concerts%20are,9%20is%20a%20sacred%20date |title=Public Holidays in Tajikistan in 2024–2025 |date=31 December 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱤᱫᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱳᱵᱮᱜᱳ ===
ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱤᱫᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱳᱵᱮᱜᱳ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱑᱙ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱓᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[Tubal Uriah Butler]] ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱔ᱼ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/Default.aspx?tabid=268 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807210105/http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/Default.aspx?tabid=268 |title=Trinidad and Tobago Labour Day |archive-date=7 August 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ===
[[ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ]] ᱨᱮ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱡᱩᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=May 1 Labor and Solidarity Day marked throughout Turkey with rallies, meetings |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2019/05/01/may-1-labor-and-solidarity-day-marked-throughout-turkey-with-rallies-meetings |access-date=30 April 2025 |work=Daily Sabah |date=1 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱟᱠᱥᱤᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱥᱤᱢ ᱥᱠᱩᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱯᱚᱡ  ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 2024 |title=1 Mayıs'ın Taksim'de kutlanması tartışmaları sürüyor: Meydan neden önemli? |url=https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/cgrjmz35j7mo |access-date=30 April 2024 |website=[[BBC World Service|BBC News Türkçe]] |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ===
[[File:First United States Labor Day Parade, September 5, 1882 in New York City.jpg|thumb|᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ]]

ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Yelena. |url=http://www.celebrations.com/article/Labor-Day-End-of-Summer-White-Party |title=Labor Day End of Summer White Party |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091018022008/http://www.celebrations.com/article/Labor-Day-End-of-Summer-White-Party |archive-date=18 October 2009 |website=Celebrations.com |access-date=5 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Helderman |first1=Rosalind S. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/05/AR2009090502666.html |title=Issues That Matter to You: School Start After Labor Day |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906183328/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/05/AR2009090502666.html |archive-date=6 September 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=6 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; [https://archives.nupge.ca/content/celebrating-labour-day-holiday-canada-gave-world ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
* ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ)
* ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/61SLQ_INST/dls06p/alma99183587719602061 ToadShow ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ], [[State Library of Queensland]] ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ, ᱤᱯᱥᱣᱤᱪ, ᱜᱳᱞᱰ ᱠᱳᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱞᱰᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱾

{{Australia Holidays}}
{{Public holidays in Cambodia}}
{{Hong Kong Holidays}}
{{Public holidays in Indonesia}}
{{Public holidays in Malaysia}}
{{Mexico Holidays}}
{{Public holidays in Myanmar}}
{{Public holidays in New Zealand}}
{{Public holidays in Pakistan}}
{{Public holidays in the Philippines}}
{{Public holidays in Singapore}}
{{Public holidays in Spain}}
{{Public holidays in Tajikistan}}
{{Public holidays in Thailand}}
{{Public holidays in Turkey}}
{{Holidays in Maldives}}

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[[File:Observance of International Workers' Day RGBY.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=2|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ:
{{legend|#dd3333|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#ffcc33|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#00af89|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#cccccc|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ}}]]

'''ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ'''  ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦޭᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ |title=The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers |last=Rothman |first=Lily |date=1 May 2017 |magazine=Time |language=en |access-date=2 April 2025 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628180755/https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ 


ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ / ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ==
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱜᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦޭᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;


ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ==

=== ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ===
[[File:Queensland State Archives 4773 May Day Procession May 1953.png|thumb|ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ, ᱑᱙᱕᱓]]
ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤ, ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ (ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-04/93-119aa027%20authorised.pdf |title=Public Holidays Act 1993 |publisher=vic.gov.au |access-date=8 October 2024 |archive-date=19 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919000527/https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-04/93-119aa027%20authorised.pdf |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.legislation.tas.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-2000-096 |title=Tasmanian Legislation Online: Statutory Holidays Act 2000 |publisher=tas.gov.au |access-date=8 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003230751/https://www.legislation.tas.gov.au/view/whole/html/inforce/current/act-2000-096 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_44571.pdf/$FILE/Public%20and%20Bank%20Holidays%20Act%201972%20-%20[02-g0-00].pdf |title=Public and Bank Holidays Act 1972 |publisher=wa.gov.au |access-date=8 October 2024 |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617020359/https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_44571.pdf/$FILE/Public%20and%20Bank%20Holidays%20Act%201972%20-%20[02-g0-00].pdf |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱨᱫᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ (ᱱᱚᱨᱫᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/special-dates-and-events/public-holidays |title=Australian Government: National Public Holidays |publisher=australia.gov.au |access-date=7 March 2016 |archive-date=14 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414132759/https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/special-dates-and-events/public-holidays |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟᱥ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==== ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ====

ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱒᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱕᱖ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://alldownunder.com/australian-dates/holiday-labour-day.htm |title=Australian Public Holidays: Labour Day |work=alldownunder.com |date=1998 |access-date=7 March 2016 |archive-date=19 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619093412/http://alldownunder.com/australian-dates/holiday-labour-day.htm |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱢᱤᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱚᱞᱚᱯ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱴᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;LewisBalderstone2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Wendy |last1=Lewis |first2=Simon |last2=Balderstone |first3=John |last3=Bowman |title=Events that Shaped Australia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_6TVAAAACAAJ |access-date=7 March 2016 |year=2006 |publisher=[[New Holland Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-74110-492-9 |page=57}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ====
ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ &quot;ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot;  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ (ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱰ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ) ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱙᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ  ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Radical Brisbane (2004), ISBN 0958079455, pp 231–4.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱨᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱷᱚᱛᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot;  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = &quot;dwelle2404&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=20 July 2014 |date=24 April 2014 |url=http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 |archive-date=20 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720044730/http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://bangladesh.officialpublicholidays.com/national-holiday |publisher=Official Public Holidays |title=Bangladesh Official Public Holidays |access-date=27 December 2015 |archive-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330010026/http://bangladesh.officialpublicholidays.com/national-holiday |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ (May Day) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

=== ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/bahamas |publisher=timeanddate.com |title=Holidays in The Bahamas in 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |archive-date=21 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121015052/http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/bahamas/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱗ ᱡᱩᱱ, ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱱᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱚᱝᱼᱵᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱚᱞ, ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱩᱱᱠᱟᱱᱩ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷᱚᱨᱱ ᱨᱤᱠᱨᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Oswald |title=History of Randol Fawkes Labour Day |url=https://bahamaschronicle.com/history-of-randol-fawkes-labour-day/ |website=Bahamas Chronicle |access-date=18 January 2025 |date=2 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ===

[[File:1900s Toronto LabourDay Parade.jpg|thumb|᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱴᱚᱨᱚᱱᱴᱳ, ᱚᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ]]
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ({{langx|fr|Fête du Travail}}) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gagnon |first=Marc-André |title=Labour Day in Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day/ |access-date=7 September 2020 |website=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |archive-date=10 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910101347/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱗᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱨᱚᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ (ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱨᱮ) ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1872: The fight for a shorter work-week |url=https://canadianlabour.ca/who-we-are/history/1872-the-fight-for-a-shorter-work-week/ |website=Canadian Labour Congress |access-date=18 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱒ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱚᱨᱚᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[Peter J. McGuire]] ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ [[Knights of Labor]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱞᱴᱚᱱ, ᱳᱥᱟᱣᱟ, ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱨᱤᱭᱮᱞ, ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤᱱᱥ, ᱦᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ, ᱳᱴᱟᱣᱟ, ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱠᱩᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱨᱤᱭᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱠᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ (Provincial Workmen's Association, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱑᱘᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤ  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱫᱚ [[James Sherrard Armstrong]] (᱑᱘᱘᱖–᱘᱘) ᱟᱨ Augustus Toplady Freed (᱑᱘᱘᱘–᱘᱙) ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Report of the Royal Commission on the Relations of Labor and Capital in Canada |date=1889 |publisher=Privy Council Office |location=Ottawa |page=12 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/472984/publication.html |access-date=18 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;/&gt; ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱨᱤᱛ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Heron |first1=Craig |title=The Workers' Festival: A History of Labour Day in Canada |last2=Penfold |first2=Steve |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-8020-4886-2 |location=Toronto |pages=31–38}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱪᱤᱱ ===
ᱜᱚᱱᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=China scraps one of three Golden Week holidays |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/life-china-holidays-dc-idUKPEK14649920071216 |access-date=13 April 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=16 December 2007 |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413053106/https://www.reuters.com/article/life-china-holidays-dc-idUKPEK14649920071216 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院关于修改《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》の决定 |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6986381.htm |date=10 November 2024 |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=Chinese |publisher=State Council of the People's Republic of China}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱱᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ &quot;ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱳ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ&quot; ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱯᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=调与休：黄金周长假的变迁 |trans-title=Reconcile and rest: the change of Golden Week vacation |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/1127/c70731-23676181.html |date=27 November 2013 |access-date=13 April 2022 |language=Chinese |work=[[People's Daily]] |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413052529/http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/1127/c70731-23676181.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院办公厅关于2025年部分节假日安排の通知 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/20241112/46dcf0de740844dd824ff54b5be5af2e/c.html |date=12 November 2024 |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=Chinese |work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院办公厅关于2025年部分节假日安排の通知 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/20241112/46dcf0de740844dd824ff54b5be5af2e/c.html |date=12 November 2024 |access-date=1 May 2026 |language=Chinese |work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ S.A.R. ===
᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=1 July 2012 |title=新闻背景：香港回归15年大事记 |trans-title=News Background: Events in the 15 years since Hong Kong's return to China |url=https://www.chinanews.com/ga/2012/07-01/3998742.shtml |language=Chinese |publisher=[[China News Service]] |access-date=1 May 2024 |archive-date=2 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702000613/http://www.chinanews.com/ga/2012/07-01/3998742.shtml |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ===
[[File:Chennai LabourStatue Closeup.jpg|thumb|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱪ ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ&quot;  ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ]]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ (ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=What is the significance of Labour Day or May Day? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/labour-day-may-day-explainer-significance-history-celebration/article68127947.ece/ |access-date=16 October 2024 |website=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ===
ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ, ᱒᱔ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ &quot;ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ  ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/labourDay2008/history.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910163817/http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/labourDay2008/history.htm | archive-date=10 September 2009 | title=Labour Day 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱱᱳᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱜᱷᱚᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱚᱞᱚᱯ ᱧᱟᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, ᱠᱤᱝᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱩᱠᱟᱹᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱔᱒᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱦᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱨᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ — ᱵᱟᱥᱴᱟᱢᱟᱱᱴᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ (JLP) ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱣᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ (PNP) — ᱠᱤᱝᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱥ (tear gas) ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱣᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱝᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ&quot;  ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱤᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱥᱟᱰᱳᱥ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱖᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱩᱠᱟᱹᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ===
ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱛᱷᱮᱝᱠᱥᱜᱤᱵᱷᱤᱝ (ᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |title=Labor Thanksgiving Day – 勤労感謝の日 |last=Miller |first=Adam |date=22 November 2011 |work=Axiom Magazine |access-date=22 November 2011 |archive-date=29 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529122025/http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ===
ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ, ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱮᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://anydayguide.com/calendar/218 |title=Labor Day in Kazakhstan / September 24, 2017 |work=AnydayGuide |access-date=24 September 2017 |archive-date=25 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925083259/https://anydayguide.com/calendar/218 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ===
ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱥ (COTU) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ [[Francis Atwoli]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

=== ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ S.A.R. ===
[[ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ {{lang|pt|Dia do Trabalhador}} (ᱯᱩᱨᱛᱩᱜᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ 'ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ') ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2023 |url=https://www.gov.mo/pt/public-holidays/year-2023/ |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=Portal do Governo da RAE de Macau |language=pt-PT |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501123231/https://www.gov.mo/pt/public-holidays/year-2023/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ===
᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ, [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ (May Day) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hector |first=Charles |date=December 2017 |title=The Labor Movement in Malaysia |url=https://www.hurights.or.jp/archives/focus/section3/2017/12/the-labor-movement-in-malaysia.html |access-date=16 October 2024 |website=hurights.or.jp |publisher=Asia-Pacific Human Rights Information Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=First Labour Day celebrations |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |website=NZHistory |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=6 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906154732/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱔᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱣᱮᱞᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[Samuel Duncan Parnell]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ: &quot;ᱟᱵᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱯᱩᱱ (᱒᱔) ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ&quot; ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱒᱘ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱙᱐ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ 'ᱢᱮᱨᱤᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Labour Day NZ&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Labour Day |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/labour-day |website=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage#History and heritage|NZ History online]] |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=17 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917002822/https://www.nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/labour-day |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Labour Day celebrates 8-hour working day – New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/get-involved/features/labour-day-celebrates-8-hour-working-day/ |access-date=21 October 2021 |website=www.parliament.nz |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021115840/https://www.parliament.nz/en/get-involved/features/labour-day-celebrates-8-hour-working-day/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱑᱘᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ 'ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱰᱮ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱑᱘᱙᱙' ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Labour Day NZ&quot; /&gt;

=== ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ===
ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ, ᱥᱮ ''ᱭᱚᱢ-ᱮ-ᱢᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱨ,'' ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱞᱯᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱴᱳ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ, ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱛᱚᱞᱚᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

=== ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱚᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ [[The Most Holy Virgin Mary, Queen of Poland|Queen of Poland]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱡᱳᱣᱠᱟ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱼᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱚᱲᱮ, ᱵᱟᱨᱵᱤᱠᱭᱩ, ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Labour Day |url=https://its-poland.com/travel-tips/polish-bank-holidays |access-date=25 November 2024 |website=its-poland}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Poland's day of the flag |url=https://poland.pl/experience-poland/traditions-and-holidays/day-flag-republic-poland/ |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=poland.pl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱥ ===
[[File:Labor Day May 1 2019 Protest Manila 3.jpg|thumb|᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ]] 
[[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱥ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest-appendix/ |title=APPENDIX: A History of the Philippine Political Protest |publisher=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette]] |access-date=1 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱙᱐᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1112299/did-you-know-ph-first-observed-labor-day-in-1903 |title=DID YOU KNOW: PH first observed Labor Day in 1903 |publisher=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=1 May 2019 |access-date=1 May 2024 |first=Marielle |last=Medina}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ, ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱ (Swiss cantons) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kantonalrechtliche Feiertage |language=de,fr,it |url=https://www.bj.admin.ch/dam/bj/de/data/publiservice/service/zivilprozessrecht/kant-feiertage.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱵᱟᱨᱜᱽ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Historique du 1er mai |language=fr |url=https://res.friportail.ch/chantonsmai/fr/historique-du-1er-mai}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ ===
[[ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=台灣國定假日與節日 – 2019年年曆 |url=https://holidays-calendar.net/calendar_zh_tw/taiwan_zh_tw.html |website=holidays-calendar.net |language=zh |access-date=6 September 2022 |archive-date=1 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501163806/https://holidays-calendar.net/calendar_zh_tw/taiwan_zh_tw.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ===
[[ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ|ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾  ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ  ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ, ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱴᱼᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.advantour.com/tajikistan/holidays.htm#:~:text=Festive%20performances%20and%20concerts%20are,9%20is%20a%20sacred%20date |title=Public Holidays in Tajikistan in 2024–2025 |date=31 December 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱤᱫᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱳᱵᱮᱜᱳ ===
ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱤᱫᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱳᱵᱮᱜᱳ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱑᱙ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱓᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[Tubal Uriah Butler]] ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱔ᱼ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/Default.aspx?tabid=268 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807210105/http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/Default.aspx?tabid=268 |title=Trinidad and Tobago Labour Day |archive-date=7 August 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ===
[[ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ]] ᱨᱮ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱡᱩᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=May 1 Labor and Solidarity Day marked throughout Turkey with rallies, meetings |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2019/05/01/may-1-labor-and-solidarity-day-marked-throughout-turkey-with-rallies-meetings |access-date=30 April 2025 |work=Daily Sabah |date=1 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱟᱠᱥᱤᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱥᱤᱢ ᱥᱠᱩᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱯᱚᱡ  ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 2024 |title=1 Mayıs'ın Taksim'de kutlanması tartışmaları sürüyor: Meydan neden önemli? |url=https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/cgrjmz35j7mo |access-date=30 April 2024 |website=[[BBC World Service|BBC News Türkçe]] |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ===
[[File:First United States Labor Day Parade, September 5, 1882 in New York City.jpg|thumb|᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱞᱟ]]

ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Yelena. |url=http://www.celebrations.com/article/Labor-Day-End-of-Summer-White-Party |title=Labor Day End of Summer White Party |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091018022008/http://www.celebrations.com/article/Labor-Day-End-of-Summer-White-Party |archive-date=18 October 2009 |website=Celebrations.com |access-date=5 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Helderman |first1=Rosalind S. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/05/AR2009090502666.html |title=Issues That Matter to You: School Start After Labor Day |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906183328/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/05/AR2009090502666.html |archive-date=6 September 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=6 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; [https://archives.nupge.ca/content/celebrating-labour-day-holiday-canada-gave-world ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
* ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ)
* ᱢᱮ ᱰᱮ

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/61SLQ_INST/dls06p/alma99183587719602061 ToadShow ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ], [[State Library of Queensland]] ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ, ᱤᱯᱥᱣᱤᱪ, ᱜᱳᱞᱰ ᱠᱳᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱞᱰᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱾

{{Australia Holidays}}
{{Public holidays in Cambodia}}
{{Hong Kong Holidays}}
{{Public holidays in Indonesia}}
{{Public holidays in Malaysia}}
{{Mexico Holidays}}
{{Public holidays in Myanmar}}
{{Public holidays in New Zealand}}
{{Public holidays in Pakistan}}
{{Public holidays in the Philippines}}
{{Public holidays in Singapore}}
{{Public holidays in Spain}}
{{Public holidays in Tajikistan}}
{{Public holidays in Thailand}}
{{Public holidays in Turkey}}
{{Holidays in Maldives}}

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[[Category:ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
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[[Category:ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
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[[Category:ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱡᱟᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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      <comment>&quot;{{short description|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}} File:Observance of International Workers' Day RGBY.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=2|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢ...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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      <text bytes="10582" sha1="i06flh3pgwm35rszrfzzcdqeoxg8u4y" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
[[File:Observance of International Workers' Day RGBY.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=2|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ:
{{legend|#dd3333|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ}}
{{legend|#ffcc33|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ}}
{{legend|#00af89|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ}}
{{legend|#cccccc|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ}}]]
'''ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ''' (Labour Day) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ (general strike) ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] (Haymarket affair) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ |title=The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers |last=Rothman |first=Lily |date=1 May 2017 |magazine=Time |language=en |access-date=2 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ-ᱨᱳᱢᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ==
{{main|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
=== ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ===
[[File:Queensland State Archives 4773 May Day Procession May 1953.png|thumb|ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ, ᱑᱙᱕᱓]]
ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ ᱾
=== ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ]] ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;dwelle2404&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=24 April 2014 |url=http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ===
[[File:1900s Toronto LabourDay Parade.jpg|thumb|᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱳᱨᱳᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gagnon |first=Marc-André |title=Labour Day in Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day/ |website=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱪᱤᱱ ===
ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱢᱮ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院关于修改《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》的决定 |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6986381.htm |date=10 November 2024 |language=Chinese |publisher=State Council of the People's Republic of China}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ===
[[File:Chennai LabourStatue Closeup.jpg|thumb|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ]]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=What is the significance of Labour Day or May Day? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/labour-day-may-day-explainer-significance-history-celebration/article68127947.ece/ |website=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ===
ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; (Labor Thanksgiving Day) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |title=Labor Thanksgiving Day – 勤労感謝の日 |date=22 November 2011 |work=Axiom Magazine }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱔᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱯᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱢᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞ]] ᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=First Labour Day celebrations |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |website=NZHistory }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ===
ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒ riches ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
=== ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (USA) ===
[[File:First United States Labor Day Parade, September 5, 1882 in New York City.jpg|thumb|᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾
== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
 * [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]
 * [[ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category|Labour Day}}</text>
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      <text bytes="10589" sha1="ito92a6txv8yfog6i8npjp8lujdzcrc" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
[[File:Observance of International Workers' Day RGBY.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=2|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ:
{{legend|#dd3333|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#ffcc33|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ}}
{{legend|#00af89|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#cccccc|᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ}}]]
'''ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ''' (Labour Day) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ (general strike) ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] (Haymarket affair) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ |title=The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers |last=Rothman |first=Lily |date=1 May 2017 |magazine=Time |language=en |access-date=2 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ-ᱨᱳᱢᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ==
{{main|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
=== ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ===
[[File:Queensland State Archives 4773 May Day Procession May 1953.png|thumb|ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ, ᱑᱙᱕᱓]]
ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾
=== ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ]] ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;dwelle2404&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=24 April 2014 |url=http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ===
[[File:1900s Toronto LabourDay Parade.jpg|thumb|᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱳᱨᱳᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gagnon |first=Marc-André |title=Labour Day in Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day/ |website=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱪᱤᱱ ===
ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱢᱮ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院关于修改《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》的决定 |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6986381.htm |date=10 November 2024 |language=Chinese |publisher=State Council of the People's Republic of China}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ===
[[File:Chennai LabourStatue Closeup.jpg|thumb|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ]]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=What is the significance of Labour Day or May Day? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/labour-day-may-day-explainer-significance-history-celebration/article68127947.ece/ |website=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ===
ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; (Labor Thanksgiving Day) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |title=Labor Thanksgiving Day – 勤労感謝の日 |date=22 November 2011 |work=Axiom Magazine }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱔᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱯᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱢᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞ]] ᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=First Labour Day celebrations |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |website=NZHistory }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ===
ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒ riches ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
=== ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (USA) ===
[[File:First United States Labor Day Parade, September 5, 1882 in New York City.jpg|thumb|᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾
== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]
* [[ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category|Labour Day}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>191254</id>
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        <username>ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗</username>
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      <text bytes="10619" sha1="8s9m0phqcrppjy9q63dhkqpajzog9hu" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
[[File:Observance of International Workers' Day RGBY.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=2|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ:
{{legend|#dd3333|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#ffcc33|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ}}
{{legend|#00af89|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#cccccc|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ}}]]
'''ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ''' (Labour Day) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ (general strike) ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] (Haymarket affair) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ |title=The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers |last=Rothman |first=Lily |date=1 May 2017 |magazine=Time |language=en |access-date=2 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ-ᱨᱳᱢᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ==
{{main|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
=== ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ===
[[File:Queensland State Archives 4773 May Day Procession May 1953.png|thumb|ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ, ᱑᱙᱕᱓]]
ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾
=== ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ]] ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;dwelle2404&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=24 April 2014 |url=http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ===
[[File:1900s Toronto LabourDay Parade.jpg|thumb|᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱳᱨᱳᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gagnon |first=Marc-André |title=Labour Day in Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day/ |website=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱪᱤᱱ ===
ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱢᱮ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院关于修改《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》的决定 |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6986381.htm |date=10 November 2024 |language=Chinese |publisher=State Council of the People's Republic of China}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ===
[[File:Chennai LabourStatue Closeup.jpg|thumb|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ]]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=What is the significance of Labour Day or May Day? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/labour-day-may-day-explainer-significance-history-celebration/article68127947.ece/ |website=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ===
ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; (Labor Thanksgiving Day) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |title=Labor Thanksgiving Day – 勤労感謝の日 |date=22 November 2011 |work=Axiom Magazine }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱔᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱯᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱢᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞ]] ᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=First Labour Day celebrations |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |website=NZHistory }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ===
ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒ riches ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
=== ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (USA) ===
[[File:First United States Labor Day Parade, September 5, 1882 in New York City.jpg|thumb|᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾
== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]
* [[ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category|Labour Day}}</text>
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      <text bytes="10622" sha1="9itz3ujx1i0gi3gw360hm9f797du0io" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
[[File:Observance of International Workers' Day RGBY.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=2|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ:
{{legend|#dd3333|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#ffcc33|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ}}
{{legend|#00af89|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#cccccc|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ}}]]
'''ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ''' (Labour Day) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ (general strike) ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] (Haymarket affair) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ |title=The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers |last=Rothman |first=Lily |date=1 May 2017 |magazine=Time |language=en |access-date=2 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ-ᱨᱳᱢᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ==
{{main|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
=== ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ===
[[File:Queensland State Archives 4773 May Day Procession May 1953.png|thumb|ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ, ᱑᱙᱕᱓]]
ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾
=== ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ]] ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;dwelle2404&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=24 April 2014 |url=http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ===
[[File:1900s Toronto LabourDay Parade.jpg|thumb|᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱳᱨᱳᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gagnon |first=Marc-André |title=Labour Day in Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day/ |website=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱪᱤᱱ ===
ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱢᱮ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院关于修改《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》的决定 |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6986381.htm |date=10 November 2024 |language=Chinese |publisher=State Council of the People's Republic of China}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ===
[[File:Chennai LabourStatue Closeup.jpg|thumb|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ]]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=What is the significance of Labour Day or May Day? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/labour-day-may-day-explainer-significance-history-celebration/article68127947.ece/ |website=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ===
ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; (Labor Thanksgiving Day) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |title=Labor Thanksgiving Day – 勤労感謝の日 |date=22 November 2011 |work=Axiom Magazine }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱔᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱯᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱢᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞ]] ᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=First Labour Day celebrations |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |website=NZHistory }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ===
ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

=== ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (USA) ===
[[File:First United States Labor Day Parade, September 5, 1882 in New York City.jpg|thumb|᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾
== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]
* [[ᱢᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category|Labour Day}}</text>
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      <text bytes="10626" sha1="dauru29fg80w4yvl9g87o3qxhua1qlz" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
[[File:Observance of International Workers' Day RGBY.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=2|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ:
{{legend|#dd3333|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#ffcc33|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ}}
{{legend|#00af89|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#cccccc|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ}}]]
'''ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ''' (Labour Day) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ (general strike) ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] (Haymarket affair) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ |title=The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers |last=Rothman |first=Lily |date=1 May 2017 |magazine=Time |language=en |access-date=2 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ-ᱨᱳᱢᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ==
{{main|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
=== ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ===
[[File:Queensland State Archives 4773 May Day Procession May 1953.png|thumb|ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ, ᱑᱙᱕᱓]]
ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾
=== ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ]] ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;dwelle2404&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=24 April 2014 |url=http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ===
[[File:1900s Toronto LabourDay Parade.jpg|thumb|᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱳᱨᱳᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gagnon |first=Marc-André |title=Labour Day in Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day/ |website=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱪᱤᱱ ===
ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱢᱮ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院关于修改《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》的决定 |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6986381.htm |date=10 November 2024 |language=Chinese |publisher=State Council of the People's Republic of China}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ===
[[File:Chennai LabourStatue Closeup.jpg|thumb|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ]]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=What is the significance of Labour Day or May Day? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/labour-day-may-day-explainer-significance-history-celebration/article68127947.ece/ |website=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ===
ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; (Labor Thanksgiving Day) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |title=Labor Thanksgiving Day – 勤労感謝の日 |date=22 November 2011 |work=Axiom Magazine }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱔᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱯᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱢᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞ]] ᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=First Labour Day celebrations |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |website=NZHistory }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ===
ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

=== ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (USA) ===
[[File:First United States Labor Day Parade, September 5, 1882 in New York City.jpg|thumb|᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾
== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]
* [[ᱢᱮᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category|Labour Day}}</text>
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      <text bytes="10686" sha1="ocs8zxpnhi4jr8925fuu5gqf6b1wbs9" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
[[File:Observance of International Workers' Day RGBY.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=2|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ:
{{legend|#dd3333|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#ffcc33|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ}}
{{legend|#00af89|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#cccccc|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ}}]]
'''ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ''' (Labour Day) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ (general strike) ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] (Haymarket affair) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ |title=The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers |last=Rothman |first=Lily |date=1 May 2017 |magazine=Time |language=en |access-date=2 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ-ᱨᱳᱢᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ==
{{main|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
=== ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ===
[[File:Queensland State Archives 4773 May Day Procession May 1953.png|thumb|ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ, ᱑᱙᱕᱓]]
ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾
=== ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ]] ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;dwelle2404&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=24 April 2014 |url=http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ===
[[File:1900s Toronto LabourDay Parade.jpg|thumb|᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱳᱨᱳᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gagnon |first=Marc-André |title=Labour Day in Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day/ |website=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱪᱤᱱ ===
ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱢᱮ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院关于修改《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》的决定 |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6986381.htm |date=10 November 2024 |language=Chinese |publisher=State Council of the People's Republic of China}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ===
[[File:Chennai LabourStatue Closeup.jpg|thumb|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ]]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=What is the significance of Labour Day or May Day? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/labour-day-may-day-explainer-significance-history-celebration/article68127947.ece/ |website=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ===
ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; (Labor Thanksgiving Day) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |title=Labor Thanksgiving Day – 勤労感謝の日 |date=22 November 2011 |work=Axiom Magazine }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱔᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱯᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱢᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞ]] ᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=First Labour Day celebrations |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |website=NZHistory }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ===
ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

=== ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (USA) ===
[[File:First United States Labor Day Parade, September 5, 1882 in New York City.jpg|thumb|᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾
== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]
* [[ᱢᱮᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category|Labour Day}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="11075" sha1="lo9w6ylvhkzxtmhzg0d74lvdghbbi1o" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
[[File:Observance of International Workers' Day RGBY.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=2|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ:
{{legend|#dd3333|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#ffcc33|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ}}
{{legend|#00af89|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ}}
{{legend|#cccccc|᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ}}]]
'''ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ''' (Labour Day) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ (general strike) ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] (Haymarket affair) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ |title=The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers |last=Rothman |first=Lily |date=1 May 2017 |magazine=Time |language=en |access-date=2 April 2025 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628180755/https://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ-ᱨᱳᱢᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ==
{{main|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ}}
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱘᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
=== ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ===
[[File:Queensland State Archives 4773 May Day Procession May 1953.png|thumb|ᱠᱣᱤᱱᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ, ᱑᱙᱕᱓]]
ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾
=== ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ===
ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱜᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ]] ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;dwelle2404&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=24 April 2014 |url=http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ===
[[File:1900s Toronto LabourDay Parade.jpg|thumb|᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱳᱨᱳᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CanPedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gagnon |first=Marc-André |title=Labour Day in Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day/ |website=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱪᱤᱱ ===
ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱢᱮ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=国务院关于修改《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》的决定 |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202411/content_6986381.htm |date=10 November 2024 |language=Chinese |publisher=State Council of the People's Republic of China}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ===
[[File:Chennai LabourStatue Closeup.jpg|thumb|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ]]
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=What is the significance of Labour Day or May Day? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/labour-day-may-day-explainer-significance-history-celebration/article68127947.ece/ |website=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ===
ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; (Labor Thanksgiving Day) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |title=Labor Thanksgiving Day – 勤労感謝の日 |date=22 November 2011 |work=Axiom Magazine |access-date=1 May 2026 |archive-date=29 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529122025/http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ===
ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱔᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱯᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱢᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞ]] ᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=First Labour Day celebrations |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations |website=NZHistory }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ===
ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱢᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

=== ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (USA) ===
[[File:First United States Labor Day Parade, September 5, 1882 in New York City.jpg|thumb|᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱪᱷᱤᱞ]]
ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾
== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]
* [[ᱢᱮᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]]

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category|Labour Day}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ]]</text>
      <sha1>lo9w6ylvhkzxtmhzg0d74lvdghbbi1o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>35755</id>
    <revision>
      <id>191252</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T12:56:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗</username>
        <id>1744</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ */ new section</comment>
      <origin>191252</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="814" sha1="fandv8namumi2sicch3ph2kbenjdsg4" xml:space="preserve">== ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ==

ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ,
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ/ᱚᱞ ᱡᱩᱴᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱮ᱾

ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ (Marge) ᱠᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾

[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗|ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱒:᱕᱖, ᱑ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>fandv8namumi2sicch3ph2kbenjdsg4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35756</id>
    <revision>
      <id>191260</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:21:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Short description|ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ}} {{speciesbox | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 19 November 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Oriolus xanthornus'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T22706437A130378031 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22706437A130378031.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; | image = Black...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>191260</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17551" sha1="ayjuzhk0jq2uyrpqq1labw3pfagypll" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ}}
{{speciesbox
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 19 November 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Oriolus xanthornus'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T22706437A130378031 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22706437A130378031.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Black-hooded Oriole in Rabindra Sarobar January 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 01.jpg
| image_caption = ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Rabindra Sarobar|ᱨᱚᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱳᱵᱚᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱾
[[File:Blackheaded Oriol Voice057.ogg|thumb|ᱨᱟᱜ]]
| genus = Oriolus
| species = xanthornus
| authority = ([[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
| synonyms= * ''Coracias xanthornus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1758}}
* ''Oriolus melanocephalus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1766}}
* ''Sturnus luteolus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1758}}
}}

'''ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ''' ('''''Oriolus xanthornus''''') ᱫᱚ [[Old World oriole|ᱯᱤᱭᱚ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ [[passerine]] [[bird|ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ [[bird nest|ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ [[bird egg|ᱵᱮᱞᱮ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ==
ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱰᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ [[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱑᱗᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ''Coracias xanthornus'' [[binomial nomenclature|ᱵᱟᱭᱱᱳᱢᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ]] ᱛᱮ [[Species description|ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1| edition=10th | page=108 | publisher=Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii  | language=la | url= https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ [[New World oriole|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ]] ᱟᱨ [[Old World oriole|ᱳᱞᱰ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮ ᱟᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ''Coracias xanthornus'' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ [[Mark Catesby|ᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱥᱵᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[Patrick Browne (physician)|ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[George Edwards (naturalist)|ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Catesby  | first=Mark | author-link=Mark Catesby | year=1729–1732 | title=The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands | volume=2 (Appendix) | place=London | publisher=W. Innys and R. Manby | page=5, Plate 5| url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40680413 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Browne | first=Patrick | author-link=Patrick Browne (physician) | year=1756 | title=The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica | place=London  | publisher=Printed for the author, and sold by T. Osborne and J. Shipton | page=477 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11267998 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Edwards | first=George | author-link=George Edwards (naturalist) | year=1747 | title=A Natural History of Uncommon Birds | place=London | volume=Part II | page=77, Plate 77 | publisher=Printed for the author, at the College of Physicians | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50240782 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ &quot;ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ [[Type location (biology)|ᱴᱷᱟᱶ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr  | editor2-last=Greenway | editor2-first=James C. Jr | year=1962 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=15 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=133 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14485506 }}&lt;/ref&gt;᱑᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ''Sturnus luteolus'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱞᱤᱝ (starlings) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1| edition=10th | page=167 | publisher=Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii  | language=la | url= https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727074 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Edwards | first=George | author-link=George Edwards (naturalist) | year=1751 | title=A Natural History of Uncommon Birds | place=London | volume=Part IV | page=186, Plate 186 |  publisher=Printed for the author, at the College of Physicians | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50196451 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[12th edition of Systema Naturae|᱑᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''Oriolus melanocephalus'' ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=lin1766&gt;{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae: per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii  | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=la | page=160 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946356 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ (binomial names) ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Hellmayr | first=C.E. | author-link=Carl Eduard Hellmayr | year=1919 | title=Miscellanea Ornithologica IV | language=de | journal=Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern | volume=14 | pages=126–133 [132] | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33158521 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ (genus) ''[[Oriolus]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱑᱗᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=lin1766/&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[Medieval Latin]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''oryolus'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Eurasian golden oriole]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''aureolus'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ&quot; ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ &quot;ᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞᱤ&quot; ᱾ [[specific epithet (zoology)|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ]] ''xanthornus'' ᱫᱚ [[Ancient Greek]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''xanthos'' (ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ) ᱟᱨ ''ornis'' (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n284/mode/1up 284], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n410/mode/1up 410]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ - ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ, ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ, ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ ᱾

=== ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ===
ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[subspecies|ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ:&lt;ref name=ioc&gt;{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2017 | title=Orioles, drongos &amp; fantails | work=World Bird List Version 7.3 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/orioles/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=20 November 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''O. x. xanthornus'' – &lt;small&gt;([[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|᱑᱗᱕᱘]])&lt;/small&gt;: ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ [[Malay Peninsula|ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[Indochina|ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱪᱟᱭᱱᱟ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. maderaspatanus'' – &lt;small&gt;[[James Franklin (naturalist)|Franklin]], ᱑᱘᱓᱑&lt;/small&gt;: ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. ceylonensis'' – &lt;small&gt;[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], ᱑᱘᱕᱐&lt;/small&gt;: ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. reubeni'' – &lt;small&gt;[[Humayun Abdulali|Abdulali]], ᱑᱙᱗᱗&lt;/small&gt;: ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. tanakae'' – &lt;small&gt;[[Nagamichi Kuroda|Kuroda]], ᱑᱙᱒᱕&lt;/small&gt;: ᱠᱚᱭᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ [[Borneo|ᱵᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

&lt;gallery mode = packed heights = 180px&gt;
Black-hooded Oriole (Oriolus xanthornus) in Kolkata I IMG 7603.jpg|''O. x. xanthornus''&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]]
Black-hooded oriole (Oriolus xanthornus ceylonensis).jpg|''O. x. ceylonensis''&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ==

ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱤᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱡ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ [[Indian golden oriole]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱞᱟᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ [[Thrush (bird)|ᱛᱷᱨᱟᱥ]] ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱤᱧ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
[[File:Black-hooded Oriole cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Nepal|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Nijgadh|ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ''Oriolus xanthornus'']]

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ (foliage-gleening), ᱠᱟᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ (wood-gleening) ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ (sallying) ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Gokula|first=V. | last2=Vijayan | first2=L. |date=2000|title=Foraging pattern of birds during the breeding season in thorn forest of Mudumalai wildlife sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, Southern India | journal=Tropical Ecology |volume=41 |issue=2|pages=195–208 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252805623 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ==
ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

[[Bengal|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Folklore|ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱦᱟᱱᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ [[turmeric|ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]] ᱮ ᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱵᱮᱱᱮᱵᱳ&quot; (ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ &quot;ᱦᱚᱞᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱠᱷᱤ&quot; (ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Mitra, Sarat Chandra|author-link=Saratcandra Mitra| year=1928| title= Studies in Bird-Myths, No. XXII.-on a Second Aetiological Myth About the Indian Black-Headed Oriole| journal= Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society |volume=19|issue=1|pages=67–68}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category|Oriolus xanthornus}}
{{Wikispecies|Oriolus xanthornus}}
*[http://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Oriolus-xanthornus Xeno-canto: ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰᱤᱝ]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q653246}}

[[Category:Oriolus]]
[[Category:ᱯᱤᱭᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]]
[[Category:ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱪᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]]
[[Category:᱑᱗᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]]
[[Category:ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>ayjuzhk0jq2uyrpqq1labw3pfagypll</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>191261</id>
      <parentid>191260</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:25:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
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      <text bytes="17545" sha1="5vuy7rg051xn6remsi72uh2kpu9h9bk" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ}}
{{speciesbox
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 19 November 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Oriolus xanthornus'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T22706437A130378031 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22706437A130378031.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Black-hooded Oriole in Rabindra Sarobar January 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 01.jpg
| image_caption = ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Rabindra Sarobar|ᱨᱚᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱳᱵᱚᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱾
[[File:Blackheaded Oriol Voice057.ogg|thumb|ᱨᱟᱜ]]
| genus = Oriolus
| species = xanthornus
| authority = ([[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
| synonyms= * ''Coracias xanthornus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1758}}
* ''Oriolus melanocephalus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1766}}
* ''Sturnus luteolus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1758}}
}}

'''ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ''' ('''''Oriolus xanthornus''''') ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱲᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ [[bird nest|ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ [[bird egg|ᱵᱮᱞᱮ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ==
ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱰᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ [[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱑᱗᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ''Coracias xanthornus'' [[binomial nomenclature|ᱵᱟᱭᱱᱳᱢᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ]] ᱛᱮ [[Species description|ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1| edition=10th | page=108 | publisher=Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii  | language=la | url= https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ [[New World oriole|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ]] ᱟᱨ [[Old World oriole|ᱳᱞᱰ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮ ᱟᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ''Coracias xanthornus'' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ [[Mark Catesby|ᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱥᱵᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[Patrick Browne (physician)|ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[George Edwards (naturalist)|ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Catesby  | first=Mark | author-link=Mark Catesby | year=1729–1732 | title=The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands | volume=2 (Appendix) | place=London | publisher=W. Innys and R. Manby | page=5, Plate 5| url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40680413 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Browne | first=Patrick | author-link=Patrick Browne (physician) | year=1756 | title=The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica | place=London  | publisher=Printed for the author, and sold by T. Osborne and J. Shipton | page=477 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11267998 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Edwards | first=George | author-link=George Edwards (naturalist) | year=1747 | title=A Natural History of Uncommon Birds | place=London | volume=Part II | page=77, Plate 77 | publisher=Printed for the author, at the College of Physicians | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50240782 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ &quot;ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ [[Type location (biology)|ᱴᱷᱟᱶ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr  | editor2-last=Greenway | editor2-first=James C. Jr | year=1962 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=15 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=133 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14485506 }}&lt;/ref&gt;᱑᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ''Sturnus luteolus'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱞᱤᱝ (starlings) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1| edition=10th | page=167 | publisher=Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii  | language=la | url= https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727074 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Edwards | first=George | author-link=George Edwards (naturalist) | year=1751 | title=A Natural History of Uncommon Birds | place=London | volume=Part IV | page=186, Plate 186 |  publisher=Printed for the author, at the College of Physicians | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50196451 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[12th edition of Systema Naturae|᱑᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''Oriolus melanocephalus'' ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=lin1766&gt;{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae: per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii  | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=la | page=160 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946356 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ (binomial names) ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Hellmayr | first=C.E. | author-link=Carl Eduard Hellmayr | year=1919 | title=Miscellanea Ornithologica IV | language=de | journal=Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern | volume=14 | pages=126–133 [132] | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33158521 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ (genus) ''[[Oriolus]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱑᱗᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=lin1766/&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[Medieval Latin]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''oryolus'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Eurasian golden oriole]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''aureolus'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ&quot; ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ &quot;ᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞᱤ&quot; ᱾ [[specific epithet (zoology)|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ]] ''xanthornus'' ᱫᱚ [[Ancient Greek]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''xanthos'' (ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ) ᱟᱨ ''ornis'' (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n284/mode/1up 284], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n410/mode/1up 410]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ - ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ, ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ, ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ ᱾

=== ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ===
ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[subspecies|ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ:&lt;ref name=ioc&gt;{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2017 | title=Orioles, drongos &amp; fantails | work=World Bird List Version 7.3 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/orioles/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=20 November 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''O. x. xanthornus'' – &lt;small&gt;([[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|᱑᱗᱕᱘]])&lt;/small&gt;: ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ [[Malay Peninsula|ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[Indochina|ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱪᱟᱭᱱᱟ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. maderaspatanus'' – &lt;small&gt;[[James Franklin (naturalist)|Franklin]], ᱑᱘᱓᱑&lt;/small&gt;: ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. ceylonensis'' – &lt;small&gt;[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], ᱑᱘᱕᱐&lt;/small&gt;: ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. reubeni'' – &lt;small&gt;[[Humayun Abdulali|Abdulali]], ᱑᱙᱗᱗&lt;/small&gt;: ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. tanakae'' – &lt;small&gt;[[Nagamichi Kuroda|Kuroda]], ᱑᱙᱒᱕&lt;/small&gt;: ᱠᱚᱭᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ [[Borneo|ᱵᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

&lt;gallery mode = packed heights = 180px&gt;
Black-hooded Oriole (Oriolus xanthornus) in Kolkata I IMG 7603.jpg|''O. x. xanthornus''&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]]
Black-hooded oriole (Oriolus xanthornus ceylonensis).jpg|''O. x. ceylonensis''&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ==

ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱤᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱡ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ [[Indian golden oriole]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱞᱟᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ [[Thrush (bird)|ᱛᱷᱨᱟᱥ]] ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱤᱧ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
[[File:Black-hooded Oriole cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Nepal|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Nijgadh|ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ''Oriolus xanthornus'']]

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ (foliage-gleening), ᱠᱟᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ (wood-gleening) ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ (sallying) ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Gokula|first=V. | last2=Vijayan | first2=L. |date=2000|title=Foraging pattern of birds during the breeding season in thorn forest of Mudumalai wildlife sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, Southern India | journal=Tropical Ecology |volume=41 |issue=2|pages=195–208 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252805623 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ==
ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

[[Bengal|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Folklore|ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱦᱟᱱᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ [[turmeric|ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]] ᱮ ᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱵᱮᱱᱮᱵᱳ&quot; (ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ &quot;ᱦᱚᱞᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱠᱷᱤ&quot; (ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Mitra, Sarat Chandra|author-link=Saratcandra Mitra| year=1928| title= Studies in Bird-Myths, No. XXII.-on a Second Aetiological Myth About the Indian Black-Headed Oriole| journal= Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society |volume=19|issue=1|pages=67–68}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category|Oriolus xanthornus}}
{{Wikispecies|Oriolus xanthornus}}
*[http://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Oriolus-xanthornus Xeno-canto: ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰᱤᱝ]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q653246}}

[[Category:Oriolus]]
[[Category:ᱯᱤᱭᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]]
[[Category:ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱪᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]]
[[Category:᱑᱗᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]]
[[Category:ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>5vuy7rg051xn6remsi72uh2kpu9h9bk</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>191271</id>
      <parentid>191261</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:39:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
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      <text bytes="17250" sha1="px0qq9gzh3w8w84z9zwdnujtaaz76m1" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ}}
{{speciesbox
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 19 November 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Oriolus xanthornus'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T22706437A130378031 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22706437A130378031.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Black-hooded Oriole in Rabindra Sarobar January 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 01.jpg
| image_caption = ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Rabindra Sarobar|ᱨᱚᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱳᱵᱚᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱾
[[File:Blackheaded Oriol Voice057.ogg|thumb|ᱨᱟᱜ]]
| genus = Oriolus
| species = xanthornus
| authority = ([[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
| synonyms= * ''Coracias xanthornus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1758}}
* ''Oriolus melanocephalus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1766}}
* ''Sturnus luteolus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1758}}
}}

'''ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ''' ('''''Oriolus xanthornus''''') ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱲᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ==
ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱰᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱑᱗᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ''Coracias xanthornus'' [[binomial nomenclature|ᱵᱟᱭᱱᱳᱢᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ]] ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1| edition=10th | page=108 | publisher=Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii  | language=la | url= https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮ ᱟᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ''Coracias xanthornus'' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱥᱵᱤ ᱟᱨ [[Patrick Browne (physician)|ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[George Edwards (naturalist)|ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Catesby  | first=Mark | author-link=Mark Catesby | year=1729–1732 | title=The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands | volume=2 (Appendix) | place=London | publisher=W. Innys and R. Manby | page=5, Plate 5| url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40680413 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Browne | first=Patrick | author-link=Patrick Browne (physician) | year=1756 | title=The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica | place=London  | publisher=Printed for the author, and sold by T. Osborne and J. Shipton | page=477 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11267998 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Edwards | first=George | author-link=George Edwards (naturalist) | year=1747 | title=A Natural History of Uncommon Birds | place=London | volume=Part II | page=77, Plate 77 | publisher=Printed for the author, at the College of Physicians | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50240782 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ &quot;ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ [[Type location (biology)|ᱴᱷᱟᱶ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr  | editor2-last=Greenway | editor2-first=James C. Jr | year=1962 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=15 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=133 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14485506 }}&lt;/ref&gt;᱑᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ''Sturnus luteolus'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱞᱤᱝ  ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1| edition=10th | page=167 | publisher=Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii  | language=la | url= https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727074 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Edwards | first=George | author-link=George Edwards (naturalist) | year=1751 | title=A Natural History of Uncommon Birds | place=London | volume=Part IV | page=186, Plate 186 |  publisher=Printed for the author, at the College of Physicians | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50196451 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''Oriolus melanocephalus'' ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=lin1766&gt;{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae: per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii  | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=la | page=160 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946356 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ  ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Hellmayr | first=C.E. | author-link=Carl Eduard Hellmayr | year=1919 | title=Miscellanea Ornithologica IV | language=de | journal=Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern | volume=14 | pages=126–133 [132] | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33158521 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''[[Oriolus]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱑᱗᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=lin1766/&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[Medieval Latin]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''oryolus'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Eurasian golden oriole]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''aureolus'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ&quot; ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ &quot;ᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞᱤ&quot; ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ''xanthornus'' ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''xanthos'' (ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ) ᱟᱨ ''ornis'' (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n284/mode/1up 284], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n410/mode/1up 410]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ - ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ, ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ, ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ ᱾

=== ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ===
ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[subspecies|ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ:&lt;ref name=ioc&gt;{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2017 | title=Orioles, drongos &amp; fantails | work=World Bird List Version 7.3 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/orioles/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=20 November 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''O. x. xanthornus'' – &lt;small&gt;([[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|᱑᱗᱕᱘]])&lt;/small&gt;: ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ [[Malay Peninsula|ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[Indochina|ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱪᱟᱭᱱᱟ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. maderaspatanus'' – &lt;small&gt;[[James Franklin (naturalist)|Franklin]], ᱑᱘᱓᱑&lt;/small&gt;: ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. ceylonensis'' – &lt;small&gt;[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], ᱑᱘᱕᱐&lt;/small&gt;: ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. reubeni'' – &lt;small&gt;[[Humayun Abdulali|Abdulali]], ᱑᱙᱗᱗&lt;/small&gt;: ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. tanakae'' – &lt;small&gt;[[Nagamichi Kuroda|Kuroda]], ᱑᱙᱒᱕&lt;/small&gt;: ᱠᱚᱭᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

&lt;gallery mode = packed heights = 180px&gt;
Black-hooded Oriole (Oriolus xanthornus) in Kolkata I IMG 7603.jpg|''O. x. xanthornus''&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]]
Black-hooded oriole (Oriolus xanthornus ceylonensis).jpg|''O. x. ceylonensis''&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ==

ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱤᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱡ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ [[Indian golden oriole]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱧᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱞᱟᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ [[Thrush (bird)|ᱛᱷᱨᱟᱥ]] ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱤᱧ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
[[File:Black-hooded Oriole cropped.jpg|thumb|[[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ''Oriolus xanthornus'']]

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ (foliage-gleening), ᱠᱟᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ (wood-gleening) ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ (sallying) ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Gokula|first=V. | last2=Vijayan | first2=L. |date=2000|title=Foraging pattern of birds during the breeding season in thorn forest of Mudumalai wildlife sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, Southern India | journal=Tropical Ecology |volume=41 |issue=2|pages=195–208 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252805623 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ==
ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱦᱟᱱᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱵᱮᱱᱮᱵᱳ&quot; (ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ &quot;ᱦᱚᱞᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱠᱷᱤ&quot; (ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Mitra, Sarat Chandra|author-link=Saratcandra Mitra| year=1928| title= Studies in Bird-Myths, No. XXII.-on a Second Aetiological Myth About the Indian Black-Headed Oriole| journal= Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society |volume=19|issue=1|pages=67–68}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category|Oriolus xanthornus}}
{{Wikispecies|Oriolus xanthornus}}
*[http://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Oriolus-xanthornus Xeno-canto: ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰᱤᱝ]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q653246}}

[[Category:Oriolus]]
[[Category:ᱯᱤᱭᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]]
[[Category:ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱪᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]]
[[Category:᱑᱗᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]]
[[Category:ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>191273</id>
      <parentid>191271</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:41:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
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      <text bytes="17092" sha1="ksjjnh2efd1spa0s9sog9gsqk5ylcfw" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ}}
{{speciesbox
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 19 November 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Oriolus xanthornus'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T22706437A130378031 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22706437A130378031.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Black-hooded Oriole in Rabindra Sarobar January 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 01.jpg
| image_caption = ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Rabindra Sarobar|ᱨᱚᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱳᱵᱚᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱾
[[File:Blackheaded Oriol Voice057.ogg|thumb|ᱨᱟᱜ]]
| genus = Oriolus
| species = xanthornus
| authority = ([[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
| synonyms= * ''Coracias xanthornus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1758}}
* ''Oriolus melanocephalus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1766}}
* ''Sturnus luteolus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1758}}
}}

'''ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ''' ('''''Oriolus xanthornus''''') ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱲᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ==
ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱰᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱑᱗᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ''Coracias xanthornus'' [[binomial nomenclature|ᱵᱟᱭᱱᱳᱢᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ]] ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1| edition=10th | page=108 | publisher=Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii  | language=la | url= https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮ ᱟᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ''Coracias xanthornus'' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱥᱵᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Catesby  | first=Mark | author-link=Mark Catesby | year=1729–1732 | title=The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands | volume=2 (Appendix) | place=London | publisher=W. Innys and R. Manby | page=5, Plate 5| url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40680413 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Browne | first=Patrick | author-link=Patrick Browne (physician) | year=1756 | title=The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica | place=London  | publisher=Printed for the author, and sold by T. Osborne and J. Shipton | page=477 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11267998 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Edwards | first=George | author-link=George Edwards (naturalist) | year=1747 | title=A Natural History of Uncommon Birds | place=London | volume=Part II | page=77, Plate 77 | publisher=Printed for the author, at the College of Physicians | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50240782 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ &quot;ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr  | editor2-last=Greenway | editor2-first=James C. Jr | year=1962 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=15 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=133 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14485506 }}&lt;/ref&gt;᱑᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ''Sturnus luteolus'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱞᱤᱝ  ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1| edition=10th | page=167 | publisher=Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii  | language=la | url= https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727074 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Edwards | first=George | author-link=George Edwards (naturalist) | year=1751 | title=A Natural History of Uncommon Birds | place=London | volume=Part IV | page=186, Plate 186 |  publisher=Printed for the author, at the College of Physicians | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50196451 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''Oriolus melanocephalus'' ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=lin1766&gt;{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae: per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii  | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=la | page=160 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946356 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ  ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Hellmayr | first=C.E. | author-link=Carl Eduard Hellmayr | year=1919 | title=Miscellanea Ornithologica IV | language=de | journal=Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern | volume=14 | pages=126–133 [132] | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33158521 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''[[Oriolus]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱑᱗᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=lin1766/&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[Medieval Latin]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''oryolus'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Eurasian golden oriole]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''aureolus'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ&quot; ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ &quot;ᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞᱤ&quot; ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ''xanthornus'' ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''xanthos'' (ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ) ᱟᱨ ''ornis'' (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n284/mode/1up 284], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n410/mode/1up 410]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ - ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ, ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ, ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱞᱟᱠ-ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ ᱾

=== ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ===
ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ:&lt;ref name=ioc&gt;{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2017 | title=Orioles, drongos &amp; fantails | work=World Bird List Version 7.3 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/orioles/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=20 November 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''O. x. xanthornus'' – &lt;small&gt;([[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|᱑᱗᱕᱘]])&lt;/small&gt;: ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱪᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. maderaspatanus'' – &lt;small&gt;[[James Franklin (naturalist)|Franklin]], ᱑᱘᱓᱑&lt;/small&gt;: ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. ceylonensis'' – &lt;small&gt;[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], ᱑᱘᱕᱐&lt;/small&gt;: ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. reubeni'' – &lt;small&gt;[[Humayun Abdulali|Abdulali]], ᱑᱙᱗᱗&lt;/small&gt;: ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
* ''O. x. tanakae'' – &lt;small&gt;[[Nagamichi Kuroda|Kuroda]], ᱑᱙᱒᱕&lt;/small&gt;: ᱠᱚᱭᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

&lt;gallery mode = packed heights = 180px&gt;
Black-hooded Oriole (Oriolus xanthornus) in Kolkata I IMG 7603.jpg|''O. x. xanthornus''&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]]
Black-hooded oriole (Oriolus xanthornus ceylonensis).jpg|''O. x. ceylonensis''&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ==

ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱤᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱡ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱾

ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ [[Indian golden oriole]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱧᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱞᱟᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱨᱟᱥ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱤᱧ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
[[File:Black-hooded Oriole cropped.jpg|thumb|[[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ''Oriolus xanthornus'']]

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ (foliage-gleening), ᱠᱟᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ (wood-gleening) ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ (sallying) ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Gokula|first=V. | last2=Vijayan | first2=L. |date=2000|title=Foraging pattern of birds during the breeding season in thorn forest of Mudumalai wildlife sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, Southern India | journal=Tropical Ecology |volume=41 |issue=2|pages=195–208 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252805623 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ==
ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱦᱟᱱᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱵᱮᱱᱮᱵᱳ&quot; (ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ &quot;ᱦᱚᱞᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱠᱷᱤ&quot; (ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Mitra, Sarat Chandra|author-link=Saratcandra Mitra| year=1928| title= Studies in Bird-Myths, No. XXII.-on a Second Aetiological Myth About the Indian Black-Headed Oriole| journal= Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society |volume=19|issue=1|pages=67–68}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category|Oriolus xanthornus}}
{{Wikispecies|Oriolus xanthornus}}
*[http://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Oriolus-xanthornus Xeno-canto: ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰᱤᱝ]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q653246}}

[[Category:Oriolus]]
[[Category:ᱯᱤᱭᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]]
[[Category:ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱪᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]]
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|inscription=न हन्यते हन्य माने शरीरे&lt;br/&gt;ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ
}}

'''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ''' (Jharkhand War Memorial) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱤᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱤ]], ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱪᱳᱣᱠ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Pioneer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=10 June 2015|title=War Memorial depicts State martyrs' sacrifice|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2015/state-editions/war-memorial-depicts-state-martyrs-sacrifice.html|access-date=2021-10-26|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱓᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱯᱟᱲ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱯᱟᱲ]] ᱢᱟᱹᱱ [[ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱡᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱤ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱳᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱛᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱞᱯᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱳᱰᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand Tourism |url=https://www.jharkhandonline.in/guide/jharkhand-tourism |access-date=7 July 2025 |website=jharkhandonline.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pioneer&quot;/&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==
ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱮᱠᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱤᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱸᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞ.ᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱥᱠ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱞ.ᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱯᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[ᱰᱟᱭᱳᱨᱟᱢᱟ|᱓ᱰᱤ ᱰᱟᱭᱳᱨᱟᱢᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱓᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱪᱮᱱ ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱞ ᱢᱳᱰᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱤᱭᱳ-ᱵᱷᱤᱡᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱡᱳᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤ-ᱯᱨᱳᱡᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱮᱡᱮᱱᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bisoee |first=Animesh |date=14 February 2020 |title=Ranchi to get war memorial |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/ranchi-to-get-war-memorial/cid/1745256 |access-date=7 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090410052903/http://rajbhavanjharkhand.nic.in/jwm.pdf ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱯᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱡᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱳᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ]

{{coord|23.397|85.387|display=title}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6845" sha1="j8u6uyze7qs7d7e9p8y5o8y5bl8rvkx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox military memorial
| name             = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ
| native_name      = 
| native_name_lang = 
| image            =
| caption          =
| alt              =
| former_name      = 
| established      = ᱒᱐᱐᱘
| location         = [[ᱫᱤᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
| coordinates      = 
| designer         = 
| unveiled         = ᱓᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱘
| source           =
|country={{flag|India}}
|body=
|commemorates=ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ
|inscription=न हन्यते हन्य माने शरीरे&lt;br/&gt;ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ
}}

'''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ''' (Jharkhand War Memorial) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱤ, ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱪᱳᱣᱠ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Pioneer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=10 June 2015|title=War Memorial depicts State martyrs' sacrifice|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2015/state-editions/war-memorial-depicts-state-martyrs-sacrifice.html|access-date=2021-10-26|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱓᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱯᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱡᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱤ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱳᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱛᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱞᱯᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱳᱰᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand Tourism |url=https://www.jharkhandonline.in/guide/jharkhand-tourism |access-date=7 July 2025 |website=jharkhandonline.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pioneer&quot;/&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==
ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱮᱠᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱤᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱸᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞ.ᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱥᱠ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱞ.ᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱯᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ 3ᱰᱤ ᱰᱟᱭᱳᱨᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱪᱮᱱ ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱞ ᱢᱳᱰᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱤᱭᱳ-ᱵᱷᱤᱡᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱡᱳᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤ-ᱯᱨᱳᱡᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱮᱡᱮᱱᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bisoee |first=Animesh |date=14 February 2020 |title=Ranchi to get war memorial |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/ranchi-to-get-war-memorial/cid/1745256 |access-date=7 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090410052903/http://rajbhavanjharkhand.nic.in/jwm.pdf ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱯᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱡᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱳᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ]

{{coord|23.397|85.387|display=title}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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        <username>ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗</username>
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      <text bytes="6848" sha1="eioxluaqk4e551ebq69nqat6oszj3w0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox military memorial
| name             = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ
| native_name      = 
| native_name_lang = 
| image            =
| caption          =
| alt              =
| former_name      = 
| established      = ᱒᱐᱐᱘
| location         = [[ᱫᱤᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
| coordinates      = 
| designer         = 
| unveiled         = ᱓᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱘
| source           =
|country={{flag|India}}
|body=
|commemorates=ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ
|inscription=न हन्यते हन्य माने शरीरे&lt;br/&gt;ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ
}}

'''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ''' (Jharkhand War Memorial) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱤ, ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱪᱳᱣᱠ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Pioneer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=10 June 2015|title=War Memorial depicts State martyrs' sacrifice|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2015/state-editions/war-memorial-depicts-state-martyrs-sacrifice.html|access-date=2021-10-26|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱓᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱯᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱡᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱤ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱳᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱛᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱞᱯᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱳᱰᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand Tourism |url=https://www.jharkhandonline.in/guide/jharkhand-tourism |access-date=7 July 2025 |website=jharkhandonline.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pioneer&quot;/&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==
ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱮᱠᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱤᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱸᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞ.ᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱥᱠ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱞ.ᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱯᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ 3ᱰᱤ ᱰᱟᱭᱳᱨᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱪᱮᱱ ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱞ ᱢᱳᱰᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱤᱭᱳ-ᱵᱷᱤᱡᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱡᱳᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤ-ᱯᱨᱳᱡᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱮᱡᱮᱱᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bisoee |first=Animesh |date=14 February 2020 |title=Ranchi to get war memorial |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/ranchi-to-get-war-memorial/cid/1745256 |access-date=7 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090410052903/http://rajbhavanjharkhand.nic.in/jwm.pdf ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱯᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱡᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱳᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ]

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[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35763</id>
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      <id>191270</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:37:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗</username>
        <id>1744</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} {{Infobox website | name = ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ (PhonePe) | logo = PhonePe Logo.svg | logo_size = 200px | type = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹ...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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      <text bytes="24336" sha1="3bu662e79ulrk7gs8fpdydml8kzcsg1" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox website
| name = ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ (PhonePe)
| logo = PhonePe Logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| type = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]
| company_type = [[Privately held company|ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]]
| language = [[Multilingual|ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] (᱑᱑)
| founded = ᱒᱐᱑᱕
| area_served = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| founder = {{Unbulleted_list|ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|title=Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem|website=[[Tech in Asia]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235405/https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤᱤᱳ]])}}|ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief technology officer|ᱥᱤᱴᱤᱳ]])}}|ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Corporate title#Senior management|ᱥᱤᱟᱨᱳ]])}}}}
| industry = [[Fintech|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱴᱮᱠ]], [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], [[Payment gateway|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]
| services = {{hlist||[[Payment system|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]] ᱠᱚ|[[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]|}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|7115|c}} (᱒᱐᱒᱕)&lt;ref name=&quot;w120&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe cuts losses to ₹1,727.4 crore as revenue climbs 40% | website=The Hindu | date=2025-09-22 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/phonepe-cuts-losses-to-17274-crore-as-revenue-climbs-40/article70081985.ece | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| parent = [[Walmart|ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ]]
| subsidiaries =
| website = {{URL|https://www.phonepe.com/|phonepe.com}}
| registration = ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ
| commercial = ᱦᱚᱸ
| users = ᱖᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;j067&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author=TNIE online desk | title=PhonePe files draft papers for $1.5 billion IPO | website=The New Indian Express | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2025/Sep/24/phonepe-files-draft-papers-for-15-billion-ipo | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| current_status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
| native_clients = [[Android (operating system)|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[iOS|ᱟᱭᱳᱮᱥ (iOS)]]
| location = ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱨᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱡᱳᱱ, [[Bengaluru|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[Karnataka|ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]]
| country = [[India|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |title=Contact Us |publisher=PhonePe, Pvt Ltd |date=2015-03-15 |access-date=2019-09-29 |archive-date=3 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503194806/https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ''' (PhonePe) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[Digital wallet|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[Bengaluru|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Abhinav|date=10 March 2020|title=Why digital payment firms should not rely on single bank|language=en|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129042605/https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Top ten Indian Fintech unicorns - ET BFSI |url=https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=ETBFSI.com |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331113105/https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ, ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-02 |title=IBLA 2023: Walmart-backed PhonePe is this edition's 'Young Turk of The Year' - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/ibla-2023-phonepe-young-turk-of-the-year-sameer-nigam-fund-raise-valuation-upi-payments-18465361.htm |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Chanchani|first1=Madhav|date=4 April 2016|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202082501/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ (UPI)]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ (live) ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Sen|first1=Anirban|date=10 January 2017|title=Flipkart's PhonePe crosses 10 million downloads on Google Play Store|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127042832/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-10-29 |title=PhonePe offers guaranteed cashback on gold, silver: Here are details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/phonepe-offers-guaranteed-cashback-on-gold-silver/articleshow/87364688.cms |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 April 2020|title=5 digital payment platforms you can use during Coronavirus Lockdown|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|access-date=2020-07-19|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918205425/https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱛᱟᱝ, ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱴᱤᱮᱪ (DTH) ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ, ᱤᱣᱴᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-30|title=PhonePe launches silver investments; allows users to buy silver coins and bars|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|access-date=2022-01-29|website=cnbctv18.com|language=en|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206052049/https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Dasgupta|first1=Brinda|date=23 March 2018|title=Payments platform PhonePe looks to double its team|work=[[The Times Of India]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130115250/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flipkart : India's most preferred online shopping store|url=https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|access-date=14 February 2020|website=The Indian Wire|date=3 July 2018 |archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806075740/https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ (Flipkart)]] ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-04-01 |title=Flipkart acquires mobile payments firm PhonePe |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/flipkart-acquires-mobile-payments-firm-phonepe/article8422281.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235450/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴ (FxMart) ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤᱤᱳ (CEO)]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Ritik |title=Meet man who once worked at Flipkart, now runs Rs 99400 crore company, he is… |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-man-who-once-worked-at-flipkart-now-runs-rs-99400-crore-company-he-is-3095061 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ (UPI)]] ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Yes Bank|ᱭᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ (Yes Bank)]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sahay |first=Priyanka |title=Flipkart's PhonePe ties up with Yes Bank to launch UPI-based app |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/zsJlcKjrJrEeCQK3t8wWbP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-launches-UPIbased-app.html |website=Live Mint|date=29 August 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[Walmart|ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ (Walmart)]] ᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ-ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=2022-12-23 |title=Flipkart and PhonePe complete separation |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607194232/https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;b233&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe turns profitable excluding Esop costs in FY24 | website=The Times of India | date=2024-08-26 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/phonepe-turns-profitable-excluding-esop-costs-in-fy24/articleshow/112814953.cms | access-date=2026-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ (UPI)]] ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-09 |title=Walmart-owned PhonePe to enable UPI activation on Aadhaar-based OTP |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-upi-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331114015/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-upi-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-02-07 |title=PhonePe allows cross-border UPI payments in UAE, Singapore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-allows-cross-border-upi-payments-in-uae-singapore/article66480856.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱤ-ᱠᱞᱳᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱮᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Reserve Bank of India|ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (RBI)]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reserve Bank of India - Publications|url=https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|access-date=2017-02-20|website=rbi.org.in|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235441/https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ [[General Atlantic|ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ (General Atlantic)]], ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱨᱳᱛᱷ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱓᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ $᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Aman |date=2023-01-19 |title=PhonePe raises $350 mn from General Atlantic at $12 bn valuation |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419102302/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[Ribbit Capital|ᱨᱤᱵᱤᱴ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ (Ribbit Capital)]], [[Tiger Global Management|ᱴᱟᱭᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ (Tiger Global)]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱮᱥ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮᱭ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe raises $100 million in additional funding |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Financialexpress |date=15 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404105443/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-05-23 |title=PhonePe gets another $100 million from General Atlantic; total funding rises to $850 million |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/phonepe-raises-additional-100-million-from-general-atlantic/articleshow/100413143.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ 'ᱯᱤᱱᱠᱳᱰ' (Pincode) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱳᱯᱤᱝ ᱮᱯ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[hyperlocal|ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞ]] ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ [[Open Network for Digital Commerce|ᱳᱮᱱᱰᱤᱥᱤ (ONDC)]] ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-27 |title=PhonePe's Pincode Takes on Blinkit, Instamart Across Metros in Quick Commerce Game |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/start-up/phonepes-pincode-takes-on-blinkit-instamart-across-metros-in-quick-comm-game |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱥᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ.ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ (Share.Market) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱣᱪᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe continues to earn nearly entire revenue from payments business |url=https://www.vccircle.com/phonepecontinues-to-earn-nearly-entire-revenue-from-payments-business |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=VCCircle |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=PhonePe launches Share.Market app, enters stock broking business |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-launches-share-market-app-enters-stock-broking-business-11693388028294.html |work=Livemint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-30 |title=PhonePe enters online stock broking with a new app |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-enters-online-stock-broking-with-a-new-app/article67251374.ece |access-date=2025-03-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥ ᱮᱯᱥᱴᱳᱨ (Indus Appstore), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ [[app store|ᱮᱯ ᱥᱴᱳᱨ]] ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-05 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore surpasses 1 mn installations in 1 month |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/phonepes-indus-appstore-surpasses-1-mn-installations-in-1-month/116186 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore Crosses 1 Million Installations Within A Month |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/phonepes-indus-appstore-crosses-1-million-installations-within-a-month |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe diversification strategy pays off, high revenue growth likely to sustain |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903170142/https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[public company|ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[initial public offering|ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱤᱝ (IPO)]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;v539&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=UPI market leader PhonePe becomes a public company ahead of IPO | website=Moneycontrol | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/upi-market-leader-phonepe-becomes-a-public-company-ahead-of-ipo-article-12998152.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;p351&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe becomes public company amid mega IPO preparations | website=mint | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-becomes-public-company-amid-mega-ipo-preparations-11744978561701.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ [[IPO|ᱟᱭᱯᱤᱳ (IPO)]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[SEBI|ᱥᱮᱵᱤ (SEBI)]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;h184&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe files draft prospectus for $1.5 billion IPO with Sebi through confidential route | website=The Economic Times | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/phonepe-files-draft-ipo-papers-via-confidential-route/articleshow/124082872.cms?from=mdr | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox website
| name = ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ (PhonePe)
| logo = PhonePe Logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| type = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]
| company_type = [[Privately held company|ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]]
| language = [[Multilingual|ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] (᱑᱑)
| founded = ᱒᱐᱑᱕
| area_served = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| founder = {{Unbulleted_list|ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|title=Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem|website=[[Tech in Asia]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235405/https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤᱤᱳ]])}}|ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief technology officer|ᱥᱤᱴᱤᱳ]])}}|ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Corporate title#Senior management|ᱥᱤᱟᱨᱳ]])}}}}
| industry = [[Fintech|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱴᱮᱠ]], [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], [[Payment gateway|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]
| services = {{hlist||[[Payment system|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]] ᱠᱚ|[[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]|}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|7115|c}} (᱒᱐᱒᱕)&lt;ref name=&quot;w120&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe cuts losses to ₹1,727.4 crore as revenue climbs 40% | website=The Hindu | date=2025-09-22 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/phonepe-cuts-losses-to-17274-crore-as-revenue-climbs-40/article70081985.ece | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| parent = [[Walmart|ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ]]
| subsidiaries =
| website = {{URL|https://www.phonepe.com/|phonepe.com}}
| registration = ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ
| commercial = ᱦᱚᱸ
| users = ᱖᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;j067&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author=TNIE online desk | title=PhonePe files draft papers for $1.5 billion IPO | website=The New Indian Express | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2025/Sep/24/phonepe-files-draft-papers-for-15-billion-ipo | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| current_status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
| native_clients = [[Android (operating system)|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[iOS|ᱟᱭᱳᱮᱥ (iOS)]]
| location = ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱨᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱡᱳᱱ, [[Bengaluru|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[Karnataka|ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]]
| country = [[India|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |title=Contact Us |publisher=PhonePe, Pvt Ltd |date=2015-03-15 |access-date=2019-09-29 |archive-date=3 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503194806/https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ''' (PhonePe) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[Digital wallet|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[Bengaluru|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Abhinav|date=10 March 2020|title=Why digital payment firms should not rely on single bank|language=en|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129042605/https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Top ten Indian Fintech unicorns - ET BFSI |url=https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=ETBFSI.com |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331113105/https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ, ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-02 |title=IBLA 2023: Walmart-backed PhonePe is this edition's 'Young Turk of The Year' - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/ibla-2023-phonepe-young-turk-of-the-year-sameer-nigam-fund-raise-valuation-upi-payments-18465361.htm |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Chanchani|first1=Madhav|date=4 April 2016|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202082501/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ (UPI)]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ (live) ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Sen|first1=Anirban|date=10 January 2017|title=Flipkart's PhonePe crosses 10 million downloads on Google Play Store|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127042832/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-10-29 |title=PhonePe offers guaranteed cashback on gold, silver: Here are details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/phonepe-offers-guaranteed-cashback-on-gold-silver/articleshow/87364688.cms |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 April 2020|title=5 digital payment platforms you can use during Coronavirus Lockdown|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|access-date=2020-07-19|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918205425/https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱛᱟᱝ, ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱴᱤᱮᱪ (DTH) ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ, ᱤᱣᱴᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-30|title=PhonePe launches silver investments; allows users to buy silver coins and bars|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|access-date=2022-01-29|website=cnbctv18.com|language=en|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206052049/https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Dasgupta|first1=Brinda|date=23 March 2018|title=Payments platform PhonePe looks to double its team|work=[[The Times Of India]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130115250/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flipkart : India's most preferred online shopping store|url=https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|access-date=14 February 2020|website=The Indian Wire|date=3 July 2018 |archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806075740/https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ (Flipkart)]] ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-04-01 |title=Flipkart acquires mobile payments firm PhonePe |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/flipkart-acquires-mobile-payments-firm-phonepe/article8422281.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235450/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴ (FxMart) ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤᱤᱳ (CEO)]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Ritik |title=Meet man who once worked at Flipkart, now runs Rs 99400 crore company, he is… |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-man-who-once-worked-at-flipkart-now-runs-rs-99400-crore-company-he-is-3095061 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ (UPI)]] ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Yes Bank|ᱭᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ (Yes Bank)]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sahay |first=Priyanka |title=Flipkart's PhonePe ties up with Yes Bank to launch UPI-based app |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/zsJlcKjrJrEeCQK3t8wWbP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-launches-UPIbased-app.html |website=Live Mint|date=29 August 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[Walmart|ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ (Walmart)]] ᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ-ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=2022-12-23 |title=Flipkart and PhonePe complete separation |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607194232/https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;b233&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe turns profitable excluding Esop costs in FY24 | website=The Times of India | date=2024-08-26 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/phonepe-turns-profitable-excluding-esop-costs-in-fy24/articleshow/112814953.cms | access-date=2026-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ (UPI)]] ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-09 |title=Walmart-owned PhonePe to enable UPI activation on Aadhaar-based OTP |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-upi-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331114015/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-upi-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-02-07 |title=PhonePe allows cross-border UPI payments in UAE, Singapore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-allows-cross-border-upi-payments-in-uae-singapore/article66480856.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱤ-ᱠᱞᱳᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱮᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Reserve Bank of India|ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (RBI)]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reserve Bank of India - Publications|url=https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|access-date=2017-02-20|website=rbi.org.in|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235441/https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ [[General Atlantic|ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ (General Atlantic)]], ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱨᱳᱛᱷ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱓᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ $᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Aman |date=2023-01-19 |title=PhonePe raises $350 mn from General Atlantic at $12 bn valuation |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419102302/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[Ribbit Capital|ᱨᱤᱵᱤᱴ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ (Ribbit Capital)]], [[Tiger Global Management|ᱴᱟᱭᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ (Tiger Global)]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱮᱥ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮᱭ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe raises $100 million in additional funding |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Financialexpress |date=15 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404105443/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-05-23 |title=PhonePe gets another $100 million from General Atlantic; total funding rises to $850 million |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/phonepe-raises-additional-100-million-from-general-atlantic/articleshow/100413143.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ 'ᱯᱤᱱᱠᱳᱰ' (Pincode) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱳᱯᱤᱝ ᱮᱯ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[hyperlocal|ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞ]] ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ [[Open Network for Digital Commerce|ᱳᱮᱱᱰᱤᱥᱤ (ONDC)]] ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-27 |title=PhonePe's Pincode Takes on Blinkit, Instamart Across Metros in Quick Commerce Game |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/start-up/phonepes-pincode-takes-on-blinkit-instamart-across-metros-in-quick-comm-game |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱥᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ.ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ (Share.Market) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱣᱪᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe continues to earn nearly entire revenue from payments business |url=https://www.vccircle.com/phonepecontinues-to-earn-nearly-entire-revenue-from-payments-business |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=VCCircle |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=PhonePe launches Share.Market app, enters stock broking business |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-launches-share-market-app-enters-stock-broking-business-11693388028294.html |work=Livemint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-30 |title=PhonePe enters online stock broking with a new app |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-enters-online-stock-broking-with-a-new-app/article67251374.ece |access-date=2025-03-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥ ᱮᱯᱥᱴᱳᱨ (Indus Appstore), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ [[app store|ᱮᱯ ᱥᱴᱳᱨ]] ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-05 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore surpasses 1 mn installations in 1 month |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/phonepes-indus-appstore-surpasses-1-mn-installations-in-1-month/116186 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore Crosses 1 Million Installations Within A Month |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/phonepes-indus-appstore-crosses-1-million-installations-within-a-month |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe diversification strategy pays off, high revenue growth likely to sustain |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903170142/https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[public company|ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[initial public offering|ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱤᱝ (IPO)]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;v539&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=UPI market leader PhonePe becomes a public company ahead of IPO | website=Moneycontrol | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/upi-market-leader-phonepe-becomes-a-public-company-ahead-of-ipo-article-12998152.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;p351&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe becomes public company amid mega IPO preparations | website=mint | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-becomes-public-company-amid-mega-ipo-preparations-11744978561701.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ [[IPO|ᱟᱭᱯᱤᱳ (IPO)]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[SEBI|ᱥᱮᱵᱤ (SEBI)]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;h184&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe files draft prospectus for $1.5 billion IPO with Sebi through confidential route | website=The Economic Times | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/phonepe-files-draft-ipo-papers-via-confidential-route/articleshow/124082872.cms?from=mdr | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ==
᱑᱔ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, [[ICICI Bank|ᱟᱭᱥᱤᱟᱭᱥᱤᱟᱭ (ICICI) ᱵᱮᱸᱠ]] ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ [[National Payments Corporation of India|ᱮᱱᱯᱤᱥᱤᱟᱭ (NPCI)]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sen|first=Anirban|date=2017-01-14|title=ICICI blocks PhonePe transactions in sign of banks moving to protect payments turf|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235422/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Peermohamed|first=Alnoor|date=2017-01-16|title=ICICI Bank blocks transactions through Flipkart wallet PhonePe|newspaper=[[BusinessStandard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235424/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱑᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱫᱚ [[ICICI Bank|ICICI]] ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI instructs ICICI to allow UPI transactions on PhonePe immediately|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-upi-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235444/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-upi-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[Bharti Airtel|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ (Airtel)]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=After ICICI Bank, Airtel also blocks PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235446/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱒᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑৭ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI says Flipkart's PhonePe does not follow UPI rules - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-upi-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235421/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-upi-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe app in breach of UPI guidelines: NPCI|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-upi-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235408/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-upi-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=PTI|date=2017-01-20|title=PhonePe in violation of UPI norms, says NPCI in U-turn|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235407/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Nair|first=Vishwanath|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe stops all UPI-based payments on Flipkart website|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235431/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱛᱮ NPCI ᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱛᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ICICI Bank|ICICI]] ᱟᱨ [[Bharti Airtel|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ (Airtel)]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=ICICI Bank resumes UPI transactions on PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-upi-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235438/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-upi-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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        <username>ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗</username>
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      <text bytes="33281" sha1="dst21b3ur5zmecgbhpqpjlsge8i4o3s" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox website
| name = ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ (PhonePe)
| logo = PhonePe Logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| type = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]
| company_type = [[Privately held company|ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]]
| language = [[Multilingual|ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] (᱑᱑)
| founded = ᱒᱐᱑᱕
| area_served = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| founder = {{Unbulleted_list|ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|title=Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem|website=[[Tech in Asia]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235405/https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤᱤᱳ]])}}|ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief technology officer|ᱥᱤᱴᱤᱳ]])}}|ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Corporate title#Senior management|ᱥᱤᱟᱨᱳ]])}}}}
| industry = [[Fintech|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱴᱮᱠ]], [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], [[Payment gateway|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]
| services = {{hlist||[[Payment system|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]] ᱠᱚ|[[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]|}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|7115|c}} (᱒᱐᱒᱕)&lt;ref name=&quot;w120&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe cuts losses to ₹1,727.4 crore as revenue climbs 40% | website=The Hindu | date=2025-09-22 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/phonepe-cuts-losses-to-17274-crore-as-revenue-climbs-40/article70081985.ece | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| parent = [[Walmart|ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ]]
| subsidiaries =
| website = {{URL|https://www.phonepe.com/|phonepe.com}}
| registration = ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ
| commercial = ᱦᱚᱸ
| users = ᱖᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;j067&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author=TNIE online desk | title=PhonePe files draft papers for $1.5 billion IPO | website=The New Indian Express | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2025/Sep/24/phonepe-files-draft-papers-for-15-billion-ipo | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| current_status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
| native_clients = [[Android (operating system)|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[iOS|ᱟᱭᱳᱮᱥ (iOS)]]
| location = ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱨᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱡᱳᱱ, [[Bengaluru|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[Karnataka|ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]]
| country = [[India|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |title=Contact Us |publisher=PhonePe, Pvt Ltd |date=2015-03-15 |access-date=2019-09-29 |archive-date=3 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503194806/https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ''' (PhonePe) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[Digital wallet|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[Bengaluru|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Abhinav|date=10 March 2020|title=Why digital payment firms should not rely on single bank|language=en|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129042605/https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Top ten Indian Fintech unicorns - ET BFSI |url=https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=ETBFSI.com |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331113105/https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ, ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-02 |title=IBLA 2023: Walmart-backed PhonePe is this edition's 'Young Turk of The Year' - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/ibla-2023-phonepe-young-turk-of-the-year-sameer-nigam-fund-raise-valuation-upi-payments-18465361.htm |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Chanchani|first1=Madhav|date=4 April 2016|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202082501/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ (UPI)]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ (live) ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Sen|first1=Anirban|date=10 January 2017|title=Flipkart's PhonePe crosses 10 million downloads on Google Play Store|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127042832/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-10-29 |title=PhonePe offers guaranteed cashback on gold, silver: Here are details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/phonepe-offers-guaranteed-cashback-on-gold-silver/articleshow/87364688.cms |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 April 2020|title=5 digital payment platforms you can use during Coronavirus Lockdown|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|access-date=2020-07-19|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918205425/https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱛᱟᱝ, ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱴᱤᱮᱪ (DTH) ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ, ᱤᱣᱴᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-30|title=PhonePe launches silver investments; allows users to buy silver coins and bars|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|access-date=2022-01-29|website=cnbctv18.com|language=en|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206052049/https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Dasgupta|first1=Brinda|date=23 March 2018|title=Payments platform PhonePe looks to double its team|work=[[The Times Of India]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130115250/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flipkart : India's most preferred online shopping store|url=https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|access-date=14 February 2020|website=The Indian Wire|date=3 July 2018 |archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806075740/https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ (Flipkart)]] ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-04-01 |title=Flipkart acquires mobile payments firm PhonePe |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/flipkart-acquires-mobile-payments-firm-phonepe/article8422281.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235450/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴ (FxMart) ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤᱤᱳ (CEO)]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Ritik |title=Meet man who once worked at Flipkart, now runs Rs 99400 crore company, he is… |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-man-who-once-worked-at-flipkart-now-runs-rs-99400-crore-company-he-is-3095061 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ (UPI)]] ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Yes Bank|ᱭᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ (Yes Bank)]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sahay |first=Priyanka |title=Flipkart's PhonePe ties up with Yes Bank to launch UPI-based app |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/zsJlcKjrJrEeCQK3t8wWbP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-launches-UPIbased-app.html |website=Live Mint|date=29 August 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[Walmart|ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ (Walmart)]] ᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ-ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=2022-12-23 |title=Flipkart and PhonePe complete separation |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607194232/https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;b233&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe turns profitable excluding Esop costs in FY24 | website=The Times of India | date=2024-08-26 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/phonepe-turns-profitable-excluding-esop-costs-in-fy24/articleshow/112814953.cms | access-date=2026-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ (UPI)]] ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-09 |title=Walmart-owned PhonePe to enable UPI activation on Aadhaar-based OTP |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-upi-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331114015/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-upi-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-02-07 |title=PhonePe allows cross-border UPI payments in UAE, Singapore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-allows-cross-border-upi-payments-in-uae-singapore/article66480856.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱤ-ᱠᱞᱳᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱮᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Reserve Bank of India|ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (RBI)]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reserve Bank of India - Publications|url=https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|access-date=2017-02-20|website=rbi.org.in|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235441/https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ [[General Atlantic|ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ (General Atlantic)]], ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱨᱳᱛᱷ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱓᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ $᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Aman |date=2023-01-19 |title=PhonePe raises $350 mn from General Atlantic at $12 bn valuation |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419102302/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[Ribbit Capital|ᱨᱤᱵᱤᱴ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ (Ribbit Capital)]], [[Tiger Global Management|ᱴᱟᱭᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ (Tiger Global)]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱮᱥ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮᱭ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe raises $100 million in additional funding |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Financialexpress |date=15 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404105443/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-05-23 |title=PhonePe gets another $100 million from General Atlantic; total funding rises to $850 million |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/phonepe-raises-additional-100-million-from-general-atlantic/articleshow/100413143.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ 'ᱯᱤᱱᱠᱳᱰ' (Pincode) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱳᱯᱤᱝ ᱮᱯ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[hyperlocal|ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞ]] ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ [[Open Network for Digital Commerce|ᱳᱮᱱᱰᱤᱥᱤ (ONDC)]] ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-27 |title=PhonePe's Pincode Takes on Blinkit, Instamart Across Metros in Quick Commerce Game |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/start-up/phonepes-pincode-takes-on-blinkit-instamart-across-metros-in-quick-comm-game |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱥᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ.ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ (Share.Market) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱣᱪᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe continues to earn nearly entire revenue from payments business |url=https://www.vccircle.com/phonepecontinues-to-earn-nearly-entire-revenue-from-payments-business |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=VCCircle |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=PhonePe launches Share.Market app, enters stock broking business |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-launches-share-market-app-enters-stock-broking-business-11693388028294.html |work=Livemint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-30 |title=PhonePe enters online stock broking with a new app |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-enters-online-stock-broking-with-a-new-app/article67251374.ece |access-date=2025-03-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥ ᱮᱯᱥᱴᱳᱨ (Indus Appstore), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ [[app store|ᱮᱯ ᱥᱴᱳᱨ]] ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-05 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore surpasses 1 mn installations in 1 month |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/phonepes-indus-appstore-surpasses-1-mn-installations-in-1-month/116186 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore Crosses 1 Million Installations Within A Month |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/phonepes-indus-appstore-crosses-1-million-installations-within-a-month |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe diversification strategy pays off, high revenue growth likely to sustain |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903170142/https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[public company|ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[initial public offering|ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱤᱝ (IPO)]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;v539&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=UPI market leader PhonePe becomes a public company ahead of IPO | website=Moneycontrol | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/upi-market-leader-phonepe-becomes-a-public-company-ahead-of-ipo-article-12998152.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;p351&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe becomes public company amid mega IPO preparations | website=mint | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-becomes-public-company-amid-mega-ipo-preparations-11744978561701.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ [[IPO|ᱟᱭᱯᱤᱳ (IPO)]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[SEBI|ᱥᱮᱵᱤ (SEBI)]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;h184&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe files draft prospectus for $1.5 billion IPO with Sebi through confidential route | website=The Economic Times | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/phonepe-files-draft-ipo-papers-via-confidential-route/articleshow/124082872.cms?from=mdr | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ==
᱑᱔ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, [[ICICI Bank|ᱟᱭᱥᱤᱟᱭᱥᱤᱟᱭ (ICICI) ᱵᱮᱸᱠ]] ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ [[National Payments Corporation of India|ᱮᱱᱯᱤᱥᱤᱟᱭ (NPCI)]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sen|first=Anirban|date=2017-01-14|title=ICICI blocks PhonePe transactions in sign of banks moving to protect payments turf|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235422/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Peermohamed|first=Alnoor|date=2017-01-16|title=ICICI Bank blocks transactions through Flipkart wallet PhonePe|newspaper=[[BusinessStandard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235424/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱑᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱫᱚ [[ICICI Bank|ICICI]] ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI instructs ICICI to allow UPI transactions on PhonePe immediately|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-upi-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235444/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-upi-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[Bharti Airtel|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ (Airtel)]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=After ICICI Bank, Airtel also blocks PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235446/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱒᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑৭ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI says Flipkart's PhonePe does not follow UPI rules - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-upi-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235421/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-upi-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe app in breach of UPI guidelines: NPCI|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-upi-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235408/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-upi-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=PTI|date=2017-01-20|title=PhonePe in violation of UPI norms, says NPCI in U-turn|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235407/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Nair|first=Vishwanath|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe stops all UPI-based payments on Flipkart website|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235431/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱛᱮ NPCI ᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱛᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ICICI Bank|ICICI]] ᱟᱨ [[Bharti Airtel|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ (Airtel)]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=ICICI Bank resumes UPI transactions on PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-upi-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235438/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-upi-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱤᱮᱥᱳᱯᱤ (ESOP) ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[Employee stock ownership|ᱤᱮᱢᱯᱞᱚᱭᱤ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱚᱯᱥᱚᱱ (ESOP)]] ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Abrar|first=Peerzada|date=2021-02-04|title=PhonePe distributes ESOPs worth Rs 1,500 crore among all employees|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|access-date=2021-03-29|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206053550/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱤᱮᱥᱳᱯᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱵᱮᱠ (buyback) ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ {{INRConvert|1.35|b|year=2023}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕% ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe announces ₹135 cr ESOPs buyback programme from employees this year |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-announces-rs-135-cr-esops-buyback-programme-from-employees-this-year-11637309680573.html |website=Live Mint}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
[[E-commerce payment system|ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]]
[[Mobile payment|ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]]
[[Digital wallet|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]]
[[List of online payment service providers|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]
[[Payment gateway|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
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{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox website
| name = ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ (PhonePe)
| logo = PhonePe Logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| type = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]
| company_type = [[Privately held company|ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]]
| language = [[Multilingual|ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] (᱑᱑)
| founded = ᱒᱐᱑᱕
| area_served = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| founder = {{Unbulleted_list|ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|title=Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem|website=[[Tech in Asia]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235405/https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤᱤᱳ]])}}|ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief technology officer|ᱥᱤᱴᱤᱳ]])}}|ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Corporate title#Senior management|ᱥᱤᱟᱨᱳ]])}}}}
| industry = [[Fintech|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱴᱮᱠ]], [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], [[Payment gateway|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]
| services = {{hlist||[[Payment system|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]] ᱠᱚ|[[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]|}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|7115|c}} (᱒᱐᱒᱕)&lt;ref name=&quot;w120&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe cuts losses to ₹1,727.4 crore as revenue climbs 40% | website=The Hindu | date=2025-09-22 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/phonepe-cuts-losses-to-17274-crore-as-revenue-climbs-40/article70081985.ece | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| parent = [[Walmart|ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ]]
| subsidiaries =
| website = {{URL|https://www.phonepe.com/|phonepe.com}}
| registration = ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ
| commercial = ᱦᱚᱸ
| users = ᱖᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;j067&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author=TNIE online desk | title=PhonePe files draft papers for $1.5 billion IPO | website=The New Indian Express | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2025/Sep/24/phonepe-files-draft-papers-for-15-billion-ipo | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| current_status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
| native_clients = [[Android (operating system)|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[iOS|ᱟᱭᱳᱮᱥ (iOS)]]
| location = ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱨᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱡᱳᱱ, [[Bengaluru|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[Karnataka|ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]]
| country = [[India|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |title=Contact Us |publisher=PhonePe, Pvt Ltd |date=2015-03-15 |access-date=2019-09-29 |archive-date=3 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503194806/https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ''' (PhonePe) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[Digital wallet|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[Bengaluru|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Abhinav|date=10 March 2020|title=Why digital payment firms should not rely on single bank|language=en|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129042605/https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Top ten Indian Fintech unicorns - ET BFSI |url=https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=ETBFSI.com |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331113105/https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ, ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-02 |title=IBLA 2023: Walmart-backed PhonePe is this edition's 'Young Turk of The Year' - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/ibla-2023-phonepe-young-turk-of-the-year-sameer-nigam-fund-raise-valuation-upi-payments-18465361.htm |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Chanchani|first1=Madhav|date=4 April 2016|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202082501/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ (UPI)]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ (live) ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Sen|first1=Anirban|date=10 January 2017|title=Flipkart's PhonePe crosses 10 million downloads on Google Play Store|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127042832/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-10-29 |title=PhonePe offers guaranteed cashback on gold, silver: Here are details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/phonepe-offers-guaranteed-cashback-on-gold-silver/articleshow/87364688.cms |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 April 2020|title=5 digital payment platforms you can use during Coronavirus Lockdown|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|access-date=2020-07-19|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918205425/https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱛᱟᱝ, ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱴᱤᱮᱪ (DTH) ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ, ᱤᱣᱴᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-30|title=PhonePe launches silver investments; allows users to buy silver coins and bars|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|access-date=2022-01-29|website=cnbctv18.com|language=en|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206052049/https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Dasgupta|first1=Brinda|date=23 March 2018|title=Payments platform PhonePe looks to double its team|work=[[The Times Of India]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130115250/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flipkart : India's most preferred online shopping store|url=https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|access-date=14 February 2020|website=The Indian Wire|date=3 July 2018 |archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806075740/https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ (Flipkart)]] ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-04-01 |title=Flipkart acquires mobile payments firm PhonePe |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/flipkart-acquires-mobile-payments-firm-phonepe/article8422281.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235450/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴ (FxMart) ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤᱤᱳ (CEO)]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Ritik |title=Meet man who once worked at Flipkart, now runs Rs 99400 crore company, he is… |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-man-who-once-worked-at-flipkart-now-runs-rs-99400-crore-company-he-is-3095061 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ (UPI)]] ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Yes Bank|ᱭᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ (Yes Bank)]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sahay |first=Priyanka |title=Flipkart's PhonePe ties up with Yes Bank to launch UPI-based app |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/zsJlcKjrJrEeCQK3t8wWbP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-launches-UPIbased-app.html |website=Live Mint|date=29 August 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[Walmart|ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ (Walmart)]] ᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ-ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=2022-12-23 |title=Flipkart and PhonePe complete separation |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607194232/https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;b233&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe turns profitable excluding Esop costs in FY24 | website=The Times of India | date=2024-08-26 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/phonepe-turns-profitable-excluding-esop-costs-in-fy24/articleshow/112814953.cms | access-date=2026-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ (UPI)]] ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-09 |title=Walmart-owned PhonePe to enable UPI activation on Aadhaar-based OTP |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-upi-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331114015/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-upi-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-02-07 |title=PhonePe allows cross-border UPI payments in UAE, Singapore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-allows-cross-border-upi-payments-in-uae-singapore/article66480856.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱤ-ᱠᱞᱳᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱮᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Reserve Bank of India|ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (RBI)]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reserve Bank of India - Publications|url=https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|access-date=2017-02-20|website=rbi.org.in|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235441/https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ [[General Atlantic|ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ (General Atlantic)]], ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱨᱳᱛᱷ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱓᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ $᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Aman |date=2023-01-19 |title=PhonePe raises $350 mn from General Atlantic at $12 bn valuation |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419102302/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[Ribbit Capital|ᱨᱤᱵᱤᱴ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ (Ribbit Capital)]], [[Tiger Global Management|ᱴᱟᱭᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ (Tiger Global)]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱮᱥ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮᱭ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe raises $100 million in additional funding |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Financialexpress |date=15 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404105443/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-05-23 |title=PhonePe gets another $100 million from General Atlantic; total funding rises to $850 million |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/phonepe-raises-additional-100-million-from-general-atlantic/articleshow/100413143.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ 'ᱯᱤᱱᱠᱳᱰ' (Pincode) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱳᱯᱤᱝ ᱮᱯ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[hyperlocal|ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞ]] ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ [[Open Network for Digital Commerce|ᱳᱮᱱᱰᱤᱥᱤ (ONDC)]] ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-27 |title=PhonePe's Pincode Takes on Blinkit, Instamart Across Metros in Quick Commerce Game |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/start-up/phonepes-pincode-takes-on-blinkit-instamart-across-metros-in-quick-comm-game |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱥᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ.ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ (Share.Market) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱣᱪᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe continues to earn nearly entire revenue from payments business |url=https://www.vccircle.com/phonepecontinues-to-earn-nearly-entire-revenue-from-payments-business |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=VCCircle |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=PhonePe launches Share.Market app, enters stock broking business |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-launches-share-market-app-enters-stock-broking-business-11693388028294.html |work=Livemint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-30 |title=PhonePe enters online stock broking with a new app |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-enters-online-stock-broking-with-a-new-app/article67251374.ece |access-date=2025-03-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥ ᱮᱯᱥᱴᱳᱨ (Indus Appstore), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ [[app store|ᱮᱯ ᱥᱴᱳᱨ]] ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-05 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore surpasses 1 mn installations in 1 month |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/phonepes-indus-appstore-surpasses-1-mn-installations-in-1-month/116186 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore Crosses 1 Million Installations Within A Month |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/phonepes-indus-appstore-crosses-1-million-installations-within-a-month |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe diversification strategy pays off, high revenue growth likely to sustain |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903170142/https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[public company|ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[initial public offering|ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱤᱝ (IPO)]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;v539&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=UPI market leader PhonePe becomes a public company ahead of IPO | website=Moneycontrol | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/upi-market-leader-phonepe-becomes-a-public-company-ahead-of-ipo-article-12998152.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;p351&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe becomes public company amid mega IPO preparations | website=mint | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-becomes-public-company-amid-mega-ipo-preparations-11744978561701.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ [[IPO|ᱟᱭᱯᱤᱳ (IPO)]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[SEBI|ᱥᱮᱵᱤ (SEBI)]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;h184&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe files draft prospectus for $1.5 billion IPO with Sebi through confidential route | website=The Economic Times | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/phonepe-files-draft-ipo-papers-via-confidential-route/articleshow/124082872.cms?from=mdr | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ==
᱑᱔ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, [[ICICI Bank|ᱟᱭᱥᱤᱟᱭᱥᱤᱟᱭ (ICICI) ᱵᱮᱸᱠ]] ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ [[National Payments Corporation of India|ᱮᱱᱯᱤᱥᱤᱟᱭ (NPCI)]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sen|first=Anirban|date=2017-01-14|title=ICICI blocks PhonePe transactions in sign of banks moving to protect payments turf|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235422/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Peermohamed|first=Alnoor|date=2017-01-16|title=ICICI Bank blocks transactions through Flipkart wallet PhonePe|newspaper=[[BusinessStandard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235424/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱑᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱫᱚ [[ICICI Bank|ICICI]] ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI instructs ICICI to allow UPI transactions on PhonePe immediately|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-upi-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235444/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-upi-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[Bharti Airtel|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ (Airtel)]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=After ICICI Bank, Airtel also blocks PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235446/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱒᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑৭ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI says Flipkart's PhonePe does not follow UPI rules - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-upi-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235421/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-upi-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe app in breach of UPI guidelines: NPCI|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-upi-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235408/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-upi-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=PTI|date=2017-01-20|title=PhonePe in violation of UPI norms, says NPCI in U-turn|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235407/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Nair|first=Vishwanath|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe stops all UPI-based payments on Flipkart website|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235431/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱛᱮ NPCI ᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱛᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ICICI Bank|ICICI]] ᱟᱨ [[Bharti Airtel|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ (Airtel)]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=ICICI Bank resumes UPI transactions on PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-upi-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235438/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-upi-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱤᱮᱥᱳᱯᱤ (ESOP) ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[Employee stock ownership|ᱤᱮᱢᱯᱞᱚᱭᱤ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱚᱯᱥᱚᱱ (ESOP)]] ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Abrar|first=Peerzada|date=2021-02-04|title=PhonePe distributes ESOPs worth Rs 1,500 crore among all employees|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|access-date=2021-03-29|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206053550/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ ᱤᱮᱥᱳᱯᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱵᱮᱠ (buyback) ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ {{INRConvert|1.35|b|year=2023}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕% ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe announces ₹135 cr ESOPs buyback programme from employees this year |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-announces-rs-135-cr-esops-buyback-programme-from-employees-this-year-11637309680573.html |website=Live Mint}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
[[E-commerce payment system|ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]]
[[Mobile payment|ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]]
[[Digital wallet|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]]
[[List of online payment service providers|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]
[[Payment gateway|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Official website|https://www.phonepe.com/}}


[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱣᱤᱡᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱚᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="34783" sha1="4mfh9ykz8brzbntbbf8up0fzviwbhl8" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox website
| name = ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ (PhonePe)
| logo = PhonePe Logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| type = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]
| company_type = [[Privately held company|ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]]
| language = [[Multilingual|ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] (᱑᱑)
| founded = ᱒᱐᱑᱕
| area_served = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| founder = {{Unbulleted_list|ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|title=Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem|website=[[Tech in Asia]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235405/https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤ.ᱤ.ᱳ]])}}|ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief technology officer|ᱥᱤᱴᱤᱳ]])}}|ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ
{{small|([[Organizational founder|ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Corporate title#Senior management|ᱥᱤᱟᱨᱳ]])}}}}
| industry = [[Fintech|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱴᱮᱠ]], [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], [[Payment gateway|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]
| services = {{hlist||[[Payment system|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]] ᱠᱚ|[[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]|}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|7115|c}} (᱒᱐᱒᱕)&lt;ref name=&quot;w120&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe cuts losses to ₹1,727.4 crore as revenue climbs 40% | website=The Hindu | date=2025-09-22 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/phonepe-cuts-losses-to-17274-crore-as-revenue-climbs-40/article70081985.ece | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| parent = [[Walmart|ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ]]
| subsidiaries =
| website = {{URL|https://www.phonepe.com/|phonepe.com}}
| registration = ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ
| commercial = ᱦᱚᱸ
| users = ᱖᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;j067&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author=TNIE online desk | title=PhonePe files draft papers for $1.5 billion IPO | website=The New Indian Express | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2025/Sep/24/phonepe-files-draft-papers-for-15-billion-ipo | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| current_status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
| native_clients = [[Android (operating system)|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[iOS|ᱟᱭᱳᱮᱥ (iOS)]]
| location = ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱨᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱡᱳᱱ, [[Bengaluru|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[Karnataka|ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]]
| country = [[India|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |title=Contact Us |publisher=PhonePe, Pvt Ltd |date=2015-03-15 |access-date=2019-09-29 |archive-date=3 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503194806/https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ''' (PhonePe) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[Digital wallet|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[Bengaluru|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Abhinav|date=10 March 2020|title=Why digital payment firms should not rely on single bank|language=en|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129042605/https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Top ten Indian Fintech unicorns - ET BFSI |url=https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=ETBFSI.com |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331113105/https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ, ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-02 |title=IBLA 2023: Walmart-backed PhonePe is this edition's 'Young Turk of The Year' - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/ibla-2023-phonepe-young-turk-of-the-year-sameer-nigam-fund-raise-valuation-UPI-payments-18465361.htm |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Chanchani|first1=Madhav|date=4 April 2016|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202082501/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱮᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ (UPI)]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ (live) ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Sen|first1=Anirban|date=10 January 2017|title=Flipkart's PhonePe crosses 10 million downloads on Google Play Store|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127042832/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-10-29 |title=PhonePe offers guaranteed cashback on gold, silver: Here are details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/phonepe-offers-guaranteed-cashback-on-gold-silver/articleshow/87364688.cms |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱮᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 April 2020|title=5 digital payment platforms you can use during Coronavirus Lockdown|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|access-date=2020-07-19|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918205425/https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱛᱟᱝ, ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱴᱤᱮᱪ (DTH) ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ, ᱤᱣᱴᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-30|title=PhonePe launches silver investments; allows users to buy silver coins and bars|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|access-date=2022-01-29|website=cnbctv18.com|language=en|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206052049/https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Dasgupta|first1=Brinda|date=23 March 2018|title=Payments platform PhonePe looks to double its team|work=[[The Times Of India]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130115250/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flipkart : India's most preferred online shopping store|url=https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|access-date=14 February 2020|website=The Indian Wire|date=3 July 2018 |archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806075740/https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ (Flipkart)]] ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-04-01 |title=Flipkart acquires mobile payments firm PhonePe |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/flipkart-acquires-mobile-payments-firm-phonepe/article8422281.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235450/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴ (FxMart) ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤ.ᱤ.ᱳ (CEO)]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Ritik |title=Meet man who once worked at Flipkart, now runs Rs 99400 crore company, he is… |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-man-who-once-worked-at-flipkart-now-runs-rs-99400-crore-company-he-is-3095061 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ (UPI)]] ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Yes Bank|ᱭᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ (Yes Bank)]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sahay |first=Priyanka |title=Flipkart's PhonePe ties up with Yes Bank to launch UPI-based app |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/zsJlcKjrJrEeCQK3t8wWbP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-launches-UPIbased-app.html |website=Live Mint|date=29 August 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[Walmart|ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ (Walmart)]] ᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ-ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=2022-12-23 |title=Flipkart and PhonePe complete separation |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607194232/https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;b233&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe turns profitable excluding Esop costs in FY24 | website=The Times of India | date=2024-08-26 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/phonepe-turns-profitable-excluding-esop-costs-in-fy24/articleshow/112814953.cms | access-date=2026-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[Unified Payments Interface|ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ (UPI)]] ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-09 |title=Walmart-owned PhonePe to enable UPI activation on Aadhaar-based OTP |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-UPI-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331114015/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-UPI-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-02-07 |title=PhonePe allows cross-border UPI payments in UAE, Singapore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-allows-cross-border-UPI-payments-in-uae-singapore/article66480856.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱥᱮᱢᱤ-ᱠᱞᱳᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱮᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Reserve Bank of India|ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (RBI)]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reserve Bank of India - Publications|url=https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|access-date=2017-02-20|website=rbi.org.in|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235441/https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ [[General Atlantic|ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ (General Atlantic)]], ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱨᱳᱛᱷ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱓᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ $᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Aman |date=2023-01-19 |title=PhonePe raises $350 mn from General Atlantic at $12 bn valuation |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419102302/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[Ribbit Capital|ᱨᱤᱵᱤᱴ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ (Ribbit Capital)]], [[Tiger Global Management|ᱴᱟᱭᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ (Tiger Global)]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱮᱥ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮᱭ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe raises $100 million in additional funding |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Financialexpress |date=15 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404105443/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-05-23 |title=PhonePe gets another $100 million from General Atlantic; total funding rises to $850 million |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/phonepe-raises-additional-100-million-from-general-atlantic/articleshow/100413143.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ 'ᱯᱤᱱᱠᱳᱰ' (Pincode) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱳᱯᱤᱝ ᱮᱯ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[hyperlocal|ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞ]] ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ [[Open Network for Digital Commerce|ᱳᱮᱱᱰᱤᱥᱤ (ONDC)]] ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-27 |title=PhonePe's Pincode Takes on Blinkit, Instamart Across Metros in Quick Commerce Game |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/start-up/phonepes-pincode-takes-on-blinkit-instamart-across-metros-in-quick-comm-game |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱥᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ.ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ (Share.Market) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱣᱪᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe continues to earn nearly entire revenue from payments business |url=https://www.vccircle.com/phonepecontinues-to-earn-nearly-entire-revenue-from-payments-business |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=VCCircle |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=PhonePe launches Share.Market app, enters stock broking business |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-launches-share-market-app-enters-stock-broking-business-11693388028294.html |work=Livemint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-30 |title=PhonePe enters online stock broking with a new app |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-enters-online-stock-broking-with-a-new-app/article67251374.ece |access-date=2025-03-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥ ᱮᱯᱥᱴᱳᱨ (Indus Appstore), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ [[app store|ᱮᱯ ᱥᱴᱳᱨ]] ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-05 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore surpasses 1 mn installations in 1 month |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/phonepes-indus-appstore-surpasses-1-mn-installations-in-1-month/116186 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore Crosses 1 Million Installations Within A Month |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/phonepes-indus-appstore-crosses-1-million-installations-within-a-month |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe diversification strategy pays off, high revenue growth likely to sustain |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903170142/https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ [[public company|ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[initial public offering|ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱤᱝ (IPO)]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;v539&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=UPI market leader PhonePe becomes a public company ahead of IPO | website=Moneycontrol | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/UPI-market-leader-phonepe-becomes-a-public-company-ahead-of-ipo-article-12998152.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;p351&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe becomes public company amid mega IPO preparations | website=mint | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-becomes-public-company-amid-mega-ipo-preparations-11744978561701.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ [[IPO|ᱟᱭᱯᱤᱳ (IPO)]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[SEBI|ᱥᱮᱵᱤ (SEBI)]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;h184&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe files draft prospectus for $1.5 billion IPO with Sebi through confidential route | website=The Economic Times | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/phonepe-files-draft-ipo-papers-via-confidential-route/articleshow/124082872.cms?from=mdr | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ==
᱑᱔ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, [[ICICI Bank|ᱟᱭᱥᱤᱟᱭᱥᱤᱟᱭ (ICICI) ᱵᱮᱸᱠ]] ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[National Payments Corporation of India|ᱮᱱᱯᱤᱥᱤᱟᱭ (NPCI)]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sen|first=Anirban|date=2017-01-14|title=ICICI blocks PhonePe transactions in sign of banks moving to protect payments turf|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235422/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Peermohamed|first=Alnoor|date=2017-01-16|title=ICICI Bank blocks transactions through Flipkart wallet PhonePe|newspaper=[[BusinessStandard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235424/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱑᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱫᱚ [[ICICI Bank|ICICI]] ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI instructs ICICI to allow UPI transactions on PhonePe immediately|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235444/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[Bharti Airtel|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ (Airtel)]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=After ICICI Bank, Airtel also blocks PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235446/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱒᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑৭ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI says Flipkart's PhonePe does not follow UPI rules - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-UPI-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235421/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-UPI-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe app in breach of UPI guidelines: NPCI|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-UPI-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235408/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-UPI-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=PTI|date=2017-01-20|title=PhonePe in violation of UPI norms, says NPCI in U-turn|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235407/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Nair|first=Vishwanath|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe stops all UPI-based payments on Flipkart website|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235431/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱛᱮ NPCI ᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱛᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ICICI Bank|ICICI]] ᱟᱨ [[Bharti Airtel|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ (Airtel)]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=ICICI Bank resumes UPI transactions on PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235438/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱤᱮᱥᱳᱯᱤ (ESOP) ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[Employee stock ownership|ᱤᱮᱢᱯᱞᱚᱭᱤ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱚᱯᱥᱚᱱ (ESOP)]] ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Abrar|first=Peerzada|date=2021-02-04|title=PhonePe distributes ESOPs worth Rs 1,500 crore among all employees|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|access-date=2021-03-29|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206053550/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱤᱮᱥᱳᱯᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱵᱮᱠ (buyback) ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ {{INRConvert|1.35|b|year=2023}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕% ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe announces ₹135 cr ESOPs buyback programme from employees this year |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-announces-rs-135-cr-esops-buyback-programme-from-employees-this-year-11637309680573.html |website=Live Mint}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
[[E-commerce payment system|ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]]
[[Mobile payment|ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]]
[[Digital wallet|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]]
[[List of online payment service providers|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]
[[Payment gateway|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Official website|https://www.phonepe.com/}}


[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱣᱤᱡᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱚᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox website
| name = ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ (PhonePe)
| logo = PhonePe Logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| type = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]
| company_type = [[ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]]
| language = [[ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] (᱑᱑)
| founded = ᱒᱐᱑᱕
| area_served = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| founder = {{Unbulleted_list|ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|title=Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem|website=[[Tech in Asia]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235405/https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{small|([[ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤ.ᱤ.ᱳ]])}}|ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ
{{small|([[ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief technology officer|ᱥᱤᱴᱤᱳ]])}}|ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ
{{small|([[ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Corporate title#Senior management|ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱨ.ᱳ]])}}}}
| industry = [[Fintech|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱴᱮᱠ]], [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], [[Payment gateway|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]
| services = {{hlist||[[Payment system|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]] ᱠᱚ|[[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]|}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|7115|c}} (᱒᱐᱒᱕)&lt;ref name=&quot;w120&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe cuts losses to ₹1,727.4 crore as revenue climbs 40% | website=The Hindu | date=2025-09-22 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/phonepe-cuts-losses-to-17274-crore-as-revenue-climbs-40/article70081985.ece | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| parent = [[ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ]]
| subsidiaries =
| website = {{URL|https://www.phonepe.com/|phonepe.com}}
| registration = ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ
| commercial = ᱦᱚᱸ
| users = ᱖᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;j067&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author=TNIE online desk | title=PhonePe files draft papers for $1.5 billion IPO | website=The New Indian Express | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2025/Sep/24/phonepe-files-draft-papers-for-15-billion-ipo | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| current_status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
| native_clients = [[Android (operating system)|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱟᱭ.ᱳ.ᱮᱥ]]
| location = ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱨᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱡᱳᱱ, [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]]
| country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |title=Contact Us |publisher=PhonePe, Pvt Ltd |date=2015-03-15 |access-date=2019-09-29 |archive-date=3 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503194806/https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ''' (PhonePe) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Abhinav|date=10 March 2020|title=Why digital payment firms should not rely on single bank|language=en|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129042605/https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Top ten Indian Fintech unicorns - ET BFSI |url=https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=ETBFSI.com |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331113105/https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ, ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-02 |title=IBLA 2023: Walmart-backed PhonePe is this edition's 'Young Turk of The Year' - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/ibla-2023-phonepe-young-turk-of-the-year-sameer-nigam-fund-raise-valuation-UPI-payments-18465361.htm |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Chanchani|first1=Madhav|date=4 April 2016|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202082501/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱮᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ]] (ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ (live) ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Sen|first1=Anirban|date=10 January 2017|title=Flipkart's PhonePe crosses 10 million downloads on Google Play Store|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127042832/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-10-29 |title=PhonePe offers guaranteed cashback on gold, silver: Here are details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/phonepe-offers-guaranteed-cashback-on-gold-silver/articleshow/87364688.cms |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱮᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 April 2020|title=5 digital payment platforms you can use during Coronavirus Lockdown|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|access-date=2020-07-19|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918205425/https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱛᱟᱝ, ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤ.ᱴᱤ.ᱮᱪ (DTH) ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ, ᱤᱣᱴᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-30|title=PhonePe launches silver investments; allows users to buy silver coins and bars|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|access-date=2022-01-29|website=cnbctv18.com|language=en|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206052049/https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Dasgupta|first1=Brinda|date=23 March 2018|title=Payments platform PhonePe looks to double its team|work=[[The Times Of India]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130115250/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flipkart : India's most preferred online shopping store|url=https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|access-date=14 February 2020|website=The Indian Wire|date=3 July 2018 |archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806075740/https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ (Flipkart)]] ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-04-01 |title=Flipkart acquires mobile payments firm PhonePe |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/flipkart-acquires-mobile-payments-firm-phonepe/article8422281.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235450/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴ (FxMart) ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱥᱤ.ᱤ.ᱳ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Ritik |title=Meet man who once worked at Flipkart, now runs Rs 99400 crore company, he is… |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-man-who-once-worked-at-flipkart-now-runs-rs-99400-crore-company-he-is-3095061 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱭᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sahay |first=Priyanka |title=Flipkart's PhonePe ties up with Yes Bank to launch UPI-based app |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/zsJlcKjrJrEeCQK3t8wWbP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-launches-UPIbased-app.html |website=Live Mint|date=29 August 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ-ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=2022-12-23 |title=Flipkart and PhonePe complete separation |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607194232/https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;b233&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe turns profitable excluding Esop costs in FY24 | website=The Times of India | date=2024-08-26 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/phonepe-turns-profitable-excluding-esop-costs-in-fy24/articleshow/112814953.cms | access-date=2026-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-09 |title=Walmart-owned PhonePe to enable UPI activation on Aadhaar-based OTP |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-UPI-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331114015/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-UPI-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-02-07 |title=PhonePe allows cross-border UPI payments in UAE, Singapore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-allows-cross-border-UPI-payments-in-uae-singapore/article66480856.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱥᱮᱢᱤ-ᱠᱞᱳᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱮᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] (ᱟᱨ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reserve Bank of India - Publications|url=https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|access-date=2017-02-20|website=rbi.org.in|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235441/https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ]], ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱳᱛᱷ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱓᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ $᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Aman |date=2023-01-19 |title=PhonePe raises $350 mn from General Atlantic at $12 bn valuation |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419102302/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱤᱵᱽᱵᱤᱴ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ]] (Ribbit Capital), [[ᱴᱟᱭᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱮᱥ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮᱭ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe raises $100 million in additional funding |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Financialexpress |date=15 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404105443/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-05-23 |title=PhonePe gets another $100 million from General Atlantic; total funding rises to $850 million |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/phonepe-raises-additional-100-million-from-general-atlantic/articleshow/100413143.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ 'ᱯᱤᱱᱠᱳᱰ' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱳᱯᱤᱝ ᱮᱯ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞ]] ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ [[Open Network for Digital Commerce|ᱳ.ᱮᱱ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ]] ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-27 |title=PhonePe's Pincode Takes on Blinkit, Instamart Across Metros in Quick Commerce Game |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/start-up/phonepes-pincode-takes-on-blinkit-instamart-across-metros-in-quick-comm-game |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱥᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ.ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ (Share.Market) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱣᱪᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe continues to earn nearly entire revenue from payments business |url=https://www.vccircle.com/phonepecontinues-to-earn-nearly-entire-revenue-from-payments-business |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=VCCircle |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=PhonePe launches Share.Market app, enters stock broking business |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-launches-share-market-app-enters-stock-broking-business-11693388028294.html |work=Livemint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-30 |title=PhonePe enters online stock broking with a new app |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-enters-online-stock-broking-with-a-new-app/article67251374.ece |access-date=2025-03-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱤᱱᱫᱟᱥ ᱮᱯᱥᱴᱳᱨ (Indus Appstore), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ [[ᱮᱯ ᱥᱴᱳᱨ]] ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-05 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore surpasses 1 mn installations in 1 month |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/phonepes-indus-appstore-surpasses-1-mn-installations-in-1-month/116186 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore Crosses 1 Million Installations Within A Month |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/phonepes-indus-appstore-crosses-1-million-installations-within-a-month |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe diversification strategy pays off, high revenue growth likely to sustain |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903170142/https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱤᱝ]] (ᱟᱭ.ᱯᱤ.ᱳ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;v539&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=UPI market leader PhonePe becomes a public company ahead of IPO | website=Moneycontrol | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/UPI-market-leader-phonepe-becomes-a-public-company-ahead-of-ipo-article-12998152.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;p351&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe becomes public company amid mega IPO preparations | website=mint | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-becomes-public-company-amid-mega-ipo-preparations-11744978561701.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱯᱤ.ᱳ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱮᱥ.ᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] (SEBI) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;h184&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe files draft prospectus for $1.5 billion IPO with Sebi through confidential route | website=The Economic Times | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/phonepe-files-draft-ipo-papers-via-confidential-route/articleshow/124082872.cms?from=mdr | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ==
᱑᱔ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ]] ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[National Payments Corporation of India|ᱮᱱ.ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ (NPCI)]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sen|first=Anirban|date=2017-01-14|title=ICICI blocks PhonePe transactions in sign of banks moving to protect payments turf|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235422/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Peermohamed|first=Alnoor|date=2017-01-16|title=ICICI Bank blocks transactions through Flipkart wallet PhonePe|newspaper=[[BusinessStandard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235424/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱑᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱫᱚ [[ICICI Bank|ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI instructs ICICI to allow UPI transactions on PhonePe immediately|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235444/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=After ICICI Bank, Airtel also blocks PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235446/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱒᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑৭ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI says Flipkart's PhonePe does not follow UPI rules - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-UPI-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235421/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-UPI-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe app in breach of UPI guidelines: NPCI|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-UPI-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235408/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-UPI-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=PTI|date=2017-01-20|title=PhonePe in violation of UPI norms, says NPCI in U-turn|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235407/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Nair|first=Vishwanath|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe stops all UPI-based payments on Flipkart website|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235431/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱛᱮ NPCI ᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱛᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ|ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=ICICI Bank resumes UPI transactions on PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235438/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ.ᱯᱤ ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[ᱮᱢᱯᱞᱚᱭᱤ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱚᱯᱥᱚᱱ]] (ᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ.ᱯᱤ) ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Abrar|first=Peerzada|date=2021-02-04|title=PhonePe distributes ESOPs worth Rs 1,500 crore among all employees|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|access-date=2021-03-29|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206053550/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱤᱮᱥᱳᱯᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱵᱮᱠ (buyback) ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ {{INRConvert|1.35|b|year=2023}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕% ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe announces ₹135 cr ESOPs buyback programme from employees this year |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-announces-rs-135-cr-esops-buyback-programme-from-employees-this-year-11637309680573.html |website=Live Mint}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
[[ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]]
[[ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]]
[[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]]
[[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]
[[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Official website|https://www.phonepe.com/}}


[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱣᱤᱡᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱚᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>j94qtqp6d8mms661y0g5tfavm8kldxq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>191283</id>
      <parentid>191282</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:05:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗</username>
        <id>1744</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>191283</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34343" sha1="d16bq107aks1y9gtncshkjgmn6jk519" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox website
| name = ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ (PhonePe)
| logo = PhonePe Logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| type = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]
| company_type = [[ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]]
| language = [[ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] (᱑᱑)
| founded = ᱒᱐᱑᱕
| area_served = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| founder = {{Unbulleted_list|ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|title=Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem|website=[[Tech in Asia]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235405/https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{small|([[ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤ.ᱤ.ᱳ]])}}|ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ
{{small|([[ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief technology officer|ᱥᱤᱴᱤᱳ]])}}|ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ
{{small|([[ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Corporate title#Senior management|ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱨ.ᱳ]])}}}}
| industry = [[Fintech|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱴᱮᱠ]], [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], [[Payment gateway|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]
| services = {{hlist||[[Payment system|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]] ᱠᱚ|[[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]|}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|7115|c}} (᱒᱐᱒᱕)&lt;ref name=&quot;w120&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe cuts losses to ₹1,727.4 crore as revenue climbs 40% | website=The Hindu | date=2025-09-22 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/phonepe-cuts-losses-to-17274-crore-as-revenue-climbs-40/article70081985.ece | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| parent = [[ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ]]
| subsidiaries =
| website = {{URL|https://www.phonepe.com/|phonepe.com}}
| registration = ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ
| commercial = ᱦᱚᱸ
| users = ᱖᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;j067&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author=TNIE online desk | title=PhonePe files draft papers for $1.5 billion IPO | website=The New Indian Express | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2025/Sep/24/phonepe-files-draft-papers-for-15-billion-ipo | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| current_status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
| native_clients = [[Android (operating system)|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱟᱭ.ᱳ.ᱮᱥ]]
| location = ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱨᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱡᱳᱱ, [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]]
| country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |title=Contact Us |publisher=PhonePe, Pvt Ltd |date=2015-03-15 |access-date=2019-09-29 |archive-date=3 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503194806/https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ''' (PhonePe) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Abhinav|date=10 March 2020|title=Why digital payment firms should not rely on single bank|language=en|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129042605/https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Top ten Indian Fintech unicorns - ET BFSI |url=https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=ETBFSI.com |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331113105/https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ, ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-02 |title=IBLA 2023: Walmart-backed PhonePe is this edition's 'Young Turk of The Year' - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/ibla-2023-phonepe-young-turk-of-the-year-sameer-nigam-fund-raise-valuation-UPI-payments-18465361.htm |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Chanchani|first1=Madhav|date=4 April 2016|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202082501/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱮᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ]] (ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ (live) ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Sen|first1=Anirban|date=10 January 2017|title=Flipkart's PhonePe crosses 10 million downloads on Google Play Store|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127042832/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-10-29 |title=PhonePe offers guaranteed cashback on gold, silver: Here are details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/phonepe-offers-guaranteed-cashback-on-gold-silver/articleshow/87364688.cms |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱮᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 April 2020|title=5 digital payment platforms you can use during Coronavirus Lockdown|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|access-date=2020-07-19|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918205425/https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱛᱟᱝ, ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤ.ᱴᱤ.ᱮᱪ (DTH) ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ, ᱤᱣᱴᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-30|title=PhonePe launches silver investments; allows users to buy silver coins and bars|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|access-date=2022-01-29|website=cnbctv18.com|language=en|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206052049/https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Dasgupta|first1=Brinda|date=23 March 2018|title=Payments platform PhonePe looks to double its team|work=[[The Times Of India]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130115250/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flipkart : India's most preferred online shopping store|url=https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|access-date=14 February 2020|website=The Indian Wire|date=3 July 2018 |archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806075740/https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ (Flipkart)]] ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-04-01 |title=Flipkart acquires mobile payments firm PhonePe |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/flipkart-acquires-mobile-payments-firm-phonepe/article8422281.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235450/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴ (FxMart) ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱥᱤ.ᱤ.ᱳ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Ritik |title=Meet man who once worked at Flipkart, now runs Rs 99400 crore company, he is… |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-man-who-once-worked-at-flipkart-now-runs-rs-99400-crore-company-he-is-3095061 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱭᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sahay |first=Priyanka |title=Flipkart's PhonePe ties up with Yes Bank to launch UPI-based app |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/zsJlcKjrJrEeCQK3t8wWbP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-launches-UPIbased-app.html |website=Live Mint|date=29 August 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ-ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=2022-12-23 |title=Flipkart and PhonePe complete separation |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607194232/https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;b233&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe turns profitable excluding Esop costs in FY24 | website=The Times of India | date=2024-08-26 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/phonepe-turns-profitable-excluding-esop-costs-in-fy24/articleshow/112814953.cms | access-date=2026-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-09 |title=Walmart-owned PhonePe to enable UPI activation on Aadhaar-based OTP |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-UPI-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331114015/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-UPI-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-02-07 |title=PhonePe allows cross-border UPI payments in UAE, Singapore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-allows-cross-border-UPI-payments-in-uae-singapore/article66480856.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱥᱮᱢᱤ-ᱠᱞᱳᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱮᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] (ᱟᱨ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reserve Bank of India - Publications|url=https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|access-date=2017-02-20|website=rbi.org.in|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235441/https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ]], ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱳᱛᱷ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱓᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ $᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Aman |date=2023-01-19 |title=PhonePe raises $350 mn from General Atlantic at $12 bn valuation |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419102302/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱤᱵᱽᱵᱤᱴ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ]] (Ribbit Capital), [[ᱴᱟᱭᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱮᱥ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮᱭ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe raises $100 million in additional funding |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Financialexpress |date=15 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404105443/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-05-23 |title=PhonePe gets another $100 million from General Atlantic; total funding rises to $850 million |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/phonepe-raises-additional-100-million-from-general-atlantic/articleshow/100413143.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ 'ᱯᱤᱱᱠᱳᱰ' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱳᱯᱤᱝ ᱮᱯ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞ]] ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ [[Open Network for Digital Commerce|ᱳ.ᱮᱱ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ]] ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-27 |title=PhonePe's Pincode Takes on Blinkit, Instamart Across Metros in Quick Commerce Game |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/start-up/phonepes-pincode-takes-on-blinkit-instamart-across-metros-in-quick-comm-game |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱥᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ.ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ (Share.Market) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱣᱪᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe continues to earn nearly entire revenue from payments business |url=https://www.vccircle.com/phonepecontinues-to-earn-nearly-entire-revenue-from-payments-business |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=VCCircle |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=PhonePe launches Share.Market app, enters stock broking business |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-launches-share-market-app-enters-stock-broking-business-11693388028294.html |work=Livemint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-30 |title=PhonePe enters online stock broking with a new app |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-enters-online-stock-broking-with-a-new-app/article67251374.ece |access-date=2025-03-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱤᱱᱫᱟᱥ ᱮᱯᱥᱴᱳᱨ (Indus Appstore), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ [[ᱮᱯ ᱥᱴᱳᱨ]] ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-05 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore surpasses 1 mn installations in 1 month |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/phonepes-indus-appstore-surpasses-1-mn-installations-in-1-month/116186 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore Crosses 1 Million Installations Within A Month |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/phonepes-indus-appstore-crosses-1-million-installations-within-a-month |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe diversification strategy pays off, high revenue growth likely to sustain |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903170142/https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱤᱝ]] (ᱟᱭ.ᱯᱤ.ᱳ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;v539&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=UPI market leader PhonePe becomes a public company ahead of IPO | website=Moneycontrol | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/UPI-market-leader-phonepe-becomes-a-public-company-ahead-of-ipo-article-12998152.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;p351&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe becomes public company amid mega IPO preparations | website=mint | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-becomes-public-company-amid-mega-ipo-preparations-11744978561701.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱯᱤ.ᱳ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱮᱥ.ᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] (SEBI) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;h184&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe files draft prospectus for $1.5 billion IPO with Sebi through confidential route | website=The Economic Times | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/phonepe-files-draft-ipo-papers-via-confidential-route/articleshow/124082872.cms?from=mdr | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ==
᱑᱔ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ]] ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[National Payments Corporation of India|ᱮᱱ.ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ (NPCI)]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sen|first=Anirban|date=2017-01-14|title=ICICI blocks PhonePe transactions in sign of banks moving to protect payments turf|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235422/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Peermohamed|first=Alnoor|date=2017-01-16|title=ICICI Bank blocks transactions through Flipkart wallet PhonePe|newspaper=[[BusinessStandard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235424/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱑᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱫᱚ [[ICICI Bank|ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI instructs ICICI to allow UPI transactions on PhonePe immediately|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235444/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=After ICICI Bank, Airtel also blocks PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235446/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱒᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑৭ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI says Flipkart's PhonePe does not follow UPI rules - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-UPI-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235421/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-UPI-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe app in breach of UPI guidelines: NPCI|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-UPI-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235408/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-UPI-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=PTI|date=2017-01-20|title=PhonePe in violation of UPI norms, says NPCI in U-turn|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235407/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Nair|first=Vishwanath|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe stops all UPI-based payments on Flipkart website|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235431/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱛᱮ NPCI ᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱛᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ|ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=ICICI Bank resumes UPI transactions on PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235438/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ.ᱯᱤ ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[ᱮᱢᱯᱞᱚᱭᱤ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱚᱯᱥᱚᱱ]] (ᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ.ᱯᱤ) ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Abrar|first=Peerzada|date=2021-02-04|title=PhonePe distributes ESOPs worth Rs 1,500 crore among all employees|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|access-date=2021-03-29|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206053550/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱤᱮᱥᱳᱯᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱵᱮᱠ (buyback) ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ {{INRConvert|1.35|b|year=2023}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕% ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe announces ₹135 cr ESOPs buyback programme from employees this year |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-announces-rs-135-cr-esops-buyback-programme-from-employees-this-year-11637309680573.html |website=Live Mint}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* [[ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]]
* [[ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]]
* [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]]
* [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]
* [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Official website|https://www.phonepe.com/}}


[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱣᱤᱡᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱚᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox website
| name = ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ (PhonePe)
| logo = PhonePe Logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| type = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]
| company_type = [[ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]]
| language = [[ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] (᱑᱑)
| founded = ᱒᱐᱑᱕
| area_served = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| founder = {{Unbulleted_list|ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|title=Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem|website=[[Tech in Asia]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235405/https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{small|([[ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤ.ᱤ.ᱳ]])}}|ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ
{{small|([[ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief technology officer|ᱥᱤᱴᱤᱳ]])}}|ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ
{{small|([[ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Corporate title#Senior management|ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱨ.ᱳ]])}}}}
| industry = [[Fintech|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱴᱮᱠ]], [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], [[Payment gateway|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]
| services = {{hlist||[[Payment system|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]] ᱠᱚ|[[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]|}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|7115|c}} (᱒᱐᱒᱕)&lt;ref name=&quot;w120&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe cuts losses to ₹1,727.4 crore as revenue climbs 40% | website=The Hindu | date=2025-09-22 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/phonepe-cuts-losses-to-17274-crore-as-revenue-climbs-40/article70081985.ece | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| parent = [[ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ]]
| subsidiaries =
| website = {{URL|https://www.phonepe.com/|phonepe.com}}
| registration = ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ
| commercial = ᱦᱚᱸ
| users = ᱖᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;j067&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author=TNIE online desk | title=PhonePe files draft papers for $1.5 billion IPO | website=The New Indian Express | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2025/Sep/24/phonepe-files-draft-papers-for-15-billion-ipo | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| current_status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
| native_clients = [[Android (operating system)|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱟᱭ.ᱳ.ᱮᱥ]]
| location = ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱨᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱡᱳᱱ, [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]]
| country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |title=Contact Us |publisher=PhonePe, Pvt Ltd |date=2015-03-15 |access-date=2019-09-29 |archive-date=3 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503194806/https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ''' (PhonePe) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Abhinav|date=10 March 2020|title=Why digital payment firms should not rely on single bank|language=en|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129042605/https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Top ten Indian Fintech unicorns - ET BFSI |url=https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=ETBFSI.com |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331113105/https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ, ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-02 |title=IBLA 2023: Walmart-backed PhonePe is this edition's 'Young Turk of The Year' - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/ibla-2023-phonepe-young-turk-of-the-year-sameer-nigam-fund-raise-valuation-UPI-payments-18465361.htm |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Chanchani|first1=Madhav|date=4 April 2016|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202082501/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱮᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ]] (ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ (live) ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Sen|first1=Anirban|date=10 January 2017|title=Flipkart's PhonePe crosses 10 million downloads on Google Play Store|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127042832/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-10-29 |title=PhonePe offers guaranteed cashback on gold, silver: Here are details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/phonepe-offers-guaranteed-cashback-on-gold-silver/articleshow/87364688.cms |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱮᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 April 2020|title=5 digital payment platforms you can use during Coronavirus Lockdown|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|access-date=2020-07-19|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918205425/https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱛᱟᱝ, ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤ.ᱴᱤ.ᱮᱪ (DTH) ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ, ᱤᱣᱴᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-30|title=PhonePe launches silver investments; allows users to buy silver coins and bars|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|access-date=2022-01-29|website=cnbctv18.com|language=en|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206052049/https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Dasgupta|first1=Brinda|date=23 March 2018|title=Payments platform PhonePe looks to double its team|work=[[The Times Of India]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130115250/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flipkart : India's most preferred online shopping store|url=https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|access-date=14 February 2020|website=The Indian Wire|date=3 July 2018 |archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806075740/https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ (Flipkart)]] ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-04-01 |title=Flipkart acquires mobile payments firm PhonePe |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/flipkart-acquires-mobile-payments-firm-phonepe/article8422281.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235450/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴ (FxMart) ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱥᱤ.ᱤ.ᱳ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Ritik |title=Meet man who once worked at Flipkart, now runs Rs 99400 crore company, he is… |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-man-who-once-worked-at-flipkart-now-runs-rs-99400-crore-company-he-is-3095061 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱭᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sahay |first=Priyanka |title=Flipkart's PhonePe ties up with Yes Bank to launch UPI-based app |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/zsJlcKjrJrEeCQK3t8wWbP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-launches-UPIbased-app.html |website=Live Mint|date=29 August 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ-ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=2022-12-23 |title=Flipkart and PhonePe complete separation |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607194232/https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;b233&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe turns profitable excluding Esop costs in FY24 | website=The Times of India | date=2024-08-26 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/phonepe-turns-profitable-excluding-esop-costs-in-fy24/articleshow/112814953.cms | access-date=2026-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-09 |title=Walmart-owned PhonePe to enable UPI activation on Aadhaar-based OTP |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-UPI-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331114015/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-UPI-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-02-07 |title=PhonePe allows cross-border UPI payments in UAE, Singapore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-allows-cross-border-UPI-payments-in-uae-singapore/article66480856.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱥᱮᱢᱤ-ᱠᱞᱳᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱮᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] (ᱟᱨ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reserve Bank of India - Publications|url=https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|access-date=2017-02-20|website=rbi.org.in|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235441/https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ]], ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱳᱛᱷ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱓᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ $᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Aman |date=2023-01-19 |title=PhonePe raises $350 mn from General Atlantic at $12 bn valuation |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419102302/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱤᱵᱽᱵᱤᱴ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ]] (Ribbit Capital), [[ᱴᱟᱭᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱮᱥ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮᱭ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe raises $100 million in additional funding |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Financialexpress |date=15 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404105443/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-05-23 |title=PhonePe gets another $100 million from General Atlantic; total funding rises to $850 million |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/phonepe-raises-additional-100-million-from-general-atlantic/articleshow/100413143.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ 'ᱯᱤᱱᱠᱳᱰ' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱳᱯᱤᱝ ᱮᱯ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞ]] ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ [[Open Network for Digital Commerce|ᱳ.ᱮᱱ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ]] ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-27 |title=PhonePe's Pincode Takes on Blinkit, Instamart Across Metros in Quick Commerce Game |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/start-up/phonepes-pincode-takes-on-blinkit-instamart-across-metros-in-quick-comm-game |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱥᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ.ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ (Share.Market) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱣᱪᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe continues to earn nearly entire revenue from payments business |url=https://www.vccircle.com/phonepecontinues-to-earn-nearly-entire-revenue-from-payments-business |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=VCCircle |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=PhonePe launches Share.Market app, enters stock broking business |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-launches-share-market-app-enters-stock-broking-business-11693388028294.html |work=Livemint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-30 |title=PhonePe enters online stock broking with a new app |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-enters-online-stock-broking-with-a-new-app/article67251374.ece |access-date=2025-03-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱤᱱᱫᱟᱥ ᱮᱯᱥᱴᱳᱨ (Indus Appstore), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ [[ᱮᱯ ᱥᱴᱳᱨ]] ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-05 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore surpasses 1 mn installations in 1 month |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/phonepes-indus-appstore-surpasses-1-mn-installations-in-1-month/116186 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore Crosses 1 Million Installations Within A Month |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/phonepes-indus-appstore-crosses-1-million-installations-within-a-month |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe diversification strategy pays off, high revenue growth likely to sustain |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903170142/https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱤᱝ]] (ᱟᱭ.ᱯᱤ.ᱳ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;v539&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=UPI market leader PhonePe becomes a public company ahead of IPO | website=Moneycontrol | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/UPI-market-leader-phonepe-becomes-a-public-company-ahead-of-ipo-article-12998152.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;p351&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe becomes public company amid mega IPO preparations | website=mint | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-becomes-public-company-amid-mega-ipo-preparations-11744978561701.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱯᱤ.ᱳ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱮᱥ.ᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] (SEBI) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;h184&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PhonePe files draft prospectus for $1.5 billion IPO with Sebi through confidential route | website=The Economic Times | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/phonepe-files-draft-ipo-papers-via-confidential-route/articleshow/124082872.cms?from=mdr | access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ==
᱑᱔ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ]] ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[National Payments Corporation of India|ᱮᱱ.ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ (NPCI)]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sen|first=Anirban|date=2017-01-14|title=ICICI blocks PhonePe transactions in sign of banks moving to protect payments turf|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235422/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Peermohamed|first=Alnoor|date=2017-01-16|title=ICICI Bank blocks transactions through Flipkart wallet PhonePe|newspaper=[[BusinessStandard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235424/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱑᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱫᱚ [[ICICI Bank|ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI instructs ICICI to allow UPI transactions on PhonePe immediately|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235444/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=After ICICI Bank, Airtel also blocks PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235446/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱒᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑৭ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=NPCI says Flipkart's PhonePe does not follow UPI rules - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-UPI-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235421/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-UPI-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe app in breach of UPI guidelines: NPCI|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-UPI-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235408/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-UPI-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=PTI|date=2017-01-20|title=PhonePe in violation of UPI norms, says NPCI in U-turn|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235407/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Nair|first=Vishwanath|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe stops all UPI-based payments on Flipkart website|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235431/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱛᱮ NPCI ᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱛᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ|ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=ICICI Bank resumes UPI transactions on PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235438/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ.ᱯᱤ ==
ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[ᱮᱢᱯᱞᱚᱭᱤ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱚᱯᱥᱚᱱ]] (ᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ.ᱯᱤ) ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Abrar|first=Peerzada|date=2021-02-04|title=PhonePe distributes ESOPs worth Rs 1,500 crore among all employees|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|access-date=2021-03-29|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206053550/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱤᱮᱥᱳᱯᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱵᱮᱠ (buyback) ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ {{INRConvert|1.35|b|year=2023}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕% ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PhonePe announces ₹135 cr ESOPs buyback programme from employees this year |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-announces-rs-135-cr-esops-buyback-programme-from-employees-this-year-11637309680573.html |website=Live Mint}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* [[ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]]
* [[ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]]
* [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]]
* [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]
* [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]]

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Official website|https://www.phonepe.com/}}


[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱣᱤᱡᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱚᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>14prla3ox43axib68pd08bznjy7pty0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱡᱮᱞ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35764</id>
    <revision>
      <id>191272</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:39:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
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      <text bytes="4383" sha1="3zecvs89oas41pswmapiklilwn4cyk6" xml:space="preserve">'''ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱡᱮᱞ''' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Report on the visit of Dr Vinod Aggarwal, Special Rapporteur ,Central Zone-1,NHRC to Birsa Munda Central Jail, Hotwar, Ranchi, Jharkhand. |url=https://nhrc.nic.in/assets/uploads/minute_of_meeting/1751365951_bf7e496b8dd052fa6ea0.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-10-10 |title=Two officials of Birsa Munda Central Jail suspended for negligence in work |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/two-officials-of-birsa-munda-central-jail-suspended-for-negligence-in-work/articleshow/124461988.cms |access-date=2026-04-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Prison that housed Birsa Munda is now Ranchi's cultural centre | work=The Times of India | date=15 August 2024 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/112536662.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&amp;utm_medium=text&amp;utm_campaign=cppst }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱳᱴᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ-ᱤᱴᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ, ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱳᱫᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱒᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱵᱽᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱦᱮᱨᱤᱴᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱰᱮᱵᱽᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Indian Trust for Rural Heritage and Development (ITRHD) |url=https://www.itrhd.com/projects1.asp?catid=1&amp;subcatid=11 |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=www.itrhd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱭᱫᱤ ᱠᱳᱨᱳᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱭᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 May 2021 |title=Birsa Munda Central Jail conducts mass vaccination of prisoners and staff |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/birsa-munda-central-jail-conducts-mass-vaccination-of-prisoners-and-staff/cid/1814985 |access-date=22 April 2026 |website=The Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|23.3771|85.3288|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱘᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>3zecvs89oas41pswmapiklilwn4cyk6</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱞᱳᱠ ᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱡᱚᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱡᱮᱞ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35765</id>
    <revision>
      <id>191278</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:45:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>191278</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="5866" sha1="cqwli123rzqfz317499zdqm2dv4um0c" xml:space="preserve">'''ᱞᱳᱠ ᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱡᱚᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱡᱮᱞ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ᱑᱐᱐ ᱮᱠᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=56 धोती, पैरों से खून... इसी हजारीबाग जेल से भाग निकले थे जयप्रकाश, 1942 का वो किस्‍सा |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/jayaprakash-narayan-escape-from-hazaribagh-central-jail-full-story/articleshow/94725744.cms |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2025-12-31 |title=Three convicted prisoners escape from Jharkhand jail, breach five-layer security |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/three-convicted-prisoners-escape-from-jharkhand-jail-breach-five-layer-security |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-31 |title=हजारीबाग सेंट्रल जेल से फरार हुए तीन कैदी, सुरक्षा व्यवस्था पर गंभीर सवाल |url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/three-prisoners-missing-from-loknayak-jayaprakash-narayan-central-jail-in-jharkhand-hazaribagh-concern-over-security-arrangements/4338484/ |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱥᱮᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱥᱩᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱥᱩᱯᱟᱨᱤᱱᱴᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
᱑᱘᱓᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱡᱚᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱚ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱵᱽᱫᱩᱞ ᱜᱚᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱮᱱᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴ]ᱴ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱨᱩ ᱢᱚᱡᱩᱢᱫᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱓-᱗᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱭᱫᱤᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱳᱱᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://nhrc.nic.in/assets/uploads/minute_of_meeting/1751366236_2644d02c6bf55ac4a45f.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ, ᱡᱚᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱭᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱕᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱩᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱤᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=56 धोती, पैरों से खून... इसी हजारीबाग जेल से भाग निकले थे जयप्रकाश, 1942 का वो किस्‍सा |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/jayaprakash-narayan-escape-from-hazaribagh-central-jail-full-story/articleshow/94725744.cms |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱡᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱗ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱥᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱩᱡᱤᱛ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ, ᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ (medical) ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱮᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱢ, ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-12-27 |title=Jharkhand High Court Judge Inspects Hazaribag Juvenile Home &amp; Central Jail for Inmate Welfare |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/jharkhand-high-court-judge-inspects-hazaribag-juvenile-home-central-jail-for-inmate-welfare/articleshow/126194777.cms |access-date=2026-01-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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      <comment>&quot;+&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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    <title>ᱢᱟᱜᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ</title>
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      <comment>+</comment>
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      <text bytes="4744" sha1="hccssyl5klpxg6dg8udf1lwe78capi0" xml:space="preserve">[[File:OpenSpeaks-Hoc-Ruum Sakam-Ramai Singh-Lalit Singh Banra-Dama and Dumang.webm|thumb|&quot;ᱫᱟᱢᱟ&quot; ᱟᱨ &quot;ᱫᱩᱢᱟᱝ&quot; (ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ) ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ]]
'''ᱢᱟᱜᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ''' (ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ '''ᱢᱟᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ''') ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱤᱱ [[ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ-ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]], [[ᱜᱟᱫᱽᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱜᱟᱫᱽᱵᱟ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ (ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ) ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghurye&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |date=1 January 1980 |title=The Scheduled Tribes of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTNmCIc9hCUC |location=New Brunswick |publisher= Transaction Publishers |page=267 |isbn= 9781412838856 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱜᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ (ᱢᱟᱜᱽ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ) ᱨᱮ ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱛᱟ '''ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱳᱝᱜᱟ''' ᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ '''ᱞᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱳᱞᱟ''' ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.avenuemail.in/region/maghe-parab-in-w-singhbhum/88040/ |title=Maghe Parab in W Singhbhum |date=28 January 2016 |website=The Avenue Mail |publisher=Vimal Agarwal |access-date=7 November 2017 |archive-date=11 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011232724/https://www.avenuemail.in/region/maghe-parab-in-w-singhbhum/88040/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.avenuemail.in/region/mage-festival-observed/89502/ |title=Mage festival observed |date=21 February 2016 |website=The Avenue Mail |publisher=Vimal Agarwal |access-date=7 November 2017 |archive-date=11 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011232933/https://www.avenuemail.in/region/mage-festival-observed/89502/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://keraientertainment.com/ |title=Ho Community, Odisha|date=2015 |website= Kerai Entertainment |access-date= 7 November 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://tribalinstincts.blogspot.co.nz/2007/03/rituals-and-festivals-of-ho-tribe-by.html |title=Rituals And Festivals Of The Ho Tribe by Basanta Kumar Mohanta |last= Mohanta |first= Basanta Kumar |date= 2 March 2007 |website=Tribal Instincts |access-date= 7 November 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱑᱙᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱᱤ '''ᱨᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱛ ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱨᱚᱭ''' ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ''ᱫᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱨᱤ'' ᱨᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Ajit K. |date= 1982 |title=Tribal Festivals of Bihar: A Functional Analysis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gvLiAsmvx6IC |location=New Delhi |publisher= Concept Publishing Company |page=18 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱜᱽ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4818" sha1="23e737p734oxp7azopasdhqgauh4suf" xml:space="preserve">[[File:OpenSpeaks-Hoc-Ruum Sakam-Ramai Singh-Lalit Singh Banra-Dama and Dumang.webm|thumb|&quot;ᱫᱟᱢᱟ&quot; ᱟᱨ &quot;ᱫᱩᱢᱟᱝ&quot; (ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ) ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ]]
'''ᱢᱟᱜᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ''' (ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ '''ᱢᱟᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ''') ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱤᱱ [[ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ-ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]], [[ᱜᱟᱫᱽᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱜᱟᱫᱽᱵᱟ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ (ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ) ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghurye&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |date=1 January 1980 |title=The Scheduled Tribes of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTNmCIc9hCUC |location=New Brunswick |publisher= Transaction Publishers |page=267 |isbn= 9781412838856 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱜᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ (ᱢᱟᱜᱽ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ) ᱨᱮ ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱛᱟ '''ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱳᱝᱜᱟ''' ᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ '''ᱞᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱳᱞᱟ''' ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.avenuemail.in/region/maghe-parab-in-w-singhbhum/88040/ |title=Maghe Parab in W Singhbhum |date=28 January 2016 |website=The Avenue Mail |publisher=Vimal Agarwal |access-date=7 November 2017 |archive-date=11 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011232724/https://www.avenuemail.in/region/maghe-parab-in-w-singhbhum/88040/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.avenuemail.in/region/mage-festival-observed/89502/ |title=Mage festival observed |date=21 February 2016 |website=The Avenue Mail |publisher=Vimal Agarwal |access-date=7 November 2017 |archive-date=11 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011232933/https://www.avenuemail.in/region/mage-festival-observed/89502/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://keraientertainment.com/ |title= Ho Community, Odisha |date= 2015 |website= Kerai Entertainment |access-date= 7 November 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://tribalinstincts.blogspot.co.nz/2007/03/rituals-and-festivals-of-ho-tribe-by.html |title=Rituals And Festivals Of The Ho Tribe by Basanta Kumar Mohanta |last= Mohanta |first= Basanta Kumar |date= 2 March 2007 |website=Tribal Instincts |access-date= 7 November 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱑᱙᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱᱤ '''ᱨᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱛ ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱨᱚᱭ''' ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ''ᱫᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱨᱤ'' ᱨᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Ajit K. |date= 1982 |title=Tribal Festivals of Bihar: A Functional Analysis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gvLiAsmvx6IC |location=New Delhi |publisher= Concept Publishing Company |page=18 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱜᱽ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]</text>
      <sha1>23e737p734oxp7azopasdhqgauh4suf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱛᱩᱲ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35768</id>
    <revision>
      <id>191327</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T08:03:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{short description|ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}} {{About|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = ᱛᱩᱲ | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Eocene|Recent|Late [[Eocene]] – Recent}} | image = Sciuridae.jpg | image_upright = 1.15 | image_caption = Sciuridae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱚ...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>191327</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="56173" sha1="amc786q85fp55zqmwcx7qzj18hl9unj" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{About|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱛᱩᱲ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Eocene|Recent|Late [[Eocene]] – Recent}}
| image = Sciuridae.jpg
| image_upright = 1.15
| image_caption = Sciuridae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ

{{aligned table|cols=3
 | ''[[Prevost's squirrel|Callosciurus prevostii]]'' | ''[[Siberian chipmunk|Eutamias sibiricus]]'' | ''[[American red squirrel|Tamiasciurus hudsonicus]]''
 | ''[[Fox squirrel|Sciurus niger]]'' | ''[[Urocitellus columbianus]]''  | ''[[Smith's bush squirrel|Paraxerus cepapi]]''
 | ''[[Cape ground squirrel|Geosciurus inauris]]'' | ''[[Marmot]]a'' sp.  | ''[[Black-tailed prairie dog|Cynomys ludovicianus]]''
}}
| taxon = Sciuridae
| authority = [[Johann Fischer von Waldheim|Fischer de Waldheim]], 1817
| type_genus = ''[[Sciurus]]''
| type_genus_authority = [[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|Linnaeus]], 1758
| subdivision_ranks = ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = * ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Ratufinae]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurillinae]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Sciurini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Pteromyini]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Callosciurinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Callosciurini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Funambulini]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Xerinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Xerini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Protoxerini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Marmotini]]
| range_map = File:Sciuridae distribution.png
| range_map_caption = Sciuridae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ
}}

'''ᱛᱩᱲ''' (ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ-'''Sciuridae)'''  ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[tree squirrel|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]], [[ground squirrel|ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[chipmunk|ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[prairie dog|ᱯᱨᱮᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ), ᱟᱨ [[flying squirrel|ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ [[introduced species|ᱤᱫᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=Seebeck&gt;{{cite web|last=Seebeck|first=J. H.|title=Sciuridae|url=http://www.scarysquirrel.org/vacation/australia/fauna.pdf|work=Fauna of Australia|access-date=2013-11-24|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117031835/http://www.scarysquirrel.org/vacation/australia/fauna.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱵᱽᱼᱡᱟᱹᱥᱤ  ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[mountain beaver|ᱢᱟᱶᱴᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[dormouse|ᱰᱳᱨᱢᱟᱣᱩᱥ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kay |first1=Emily H. |last2=Hoekstra |first2=Hopi E. |date=20 May 2008 |title=Rodents |journal=Current Biology |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=R406–R410 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.019 |pmid=18492466 |bibcode=2008CBio...18.R406K |issn=0960-9822}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
''Squirrel'' (ᱛᱩᱲ) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱑᱓᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, [[Anglo-Norman language|ᱮᱝᱜᱽᱞᱳ-ᱱᱳᱨᱢᱟᱱ]] {{lang|xno|esquirel}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Old French|ᱳᱞᱰ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ]] {{lang|fro|escureil}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Squirrel|encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|year=1933|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120833/page/n368/mode/1up |via=[[Internet Archive]]|publisher=The Clarendon Press |publication-place=Oxford, UK |edition=1 Corrected re-issue |volume=10 (Sole–Sz) |page=749 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Latin language|ᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|la|sciurus}} ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;/&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Ancient Greek|ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|grc|σκίουρος}} ({{transliteration|grc|skiouros}}; {{lang|grc|σκιᾱ́}} ('ᱩᱢᱩᱞ') ᱟᱨ {{lang|grc|οὐᱨᾱ́}} ('ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ') ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;/&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱚ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia =[[The Oxford English Dictionary]] | title = squirrel, ''n''. | url = http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50235460 | access-date =8 November 2010 | edition = 2nd. | year = 1989 | publisher = Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Whitaker|Elman|1980|p=370}} ''[[Sciurus]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ (genera) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{sfn|Whitaker|Elman|1980|p=370}}

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Old English language|ᱳᱞᱰ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|ang|ācweorna}} ᱫᱚ [[Middle English language|ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱞ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]] ᱨᱮ {{lang|enm|aquerne}} ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1913_aquerne&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Aquerne|encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |publisher=The Clarendon Press |publication-place=Oxford, UK |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99992/page/n460/mode/1up |via=[[Internet Archive]] |year=1913 |volume=1 (A–B) |edition=1 Corrected re-issue, 1970 reprint |page=422 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[Common Germanic|ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[Germanic languages|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - [[German language|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ]] {{lang|de|Eichhörnchen}}; [[Norwegian language|ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] {{lang|no|ikorn}}/{{lang|no|ekorn}}; [[Dutch language|ᱰᱟᱪ]] {{lang|nl|eekhoorn}}; [[Swedish language|ᱥᱩᱭᱰᱤᱥ]] {{lang|sv|ekorre}} ᱟᱨ [[Danish language|ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱥ]] {{lang|da|egern}} ᱾

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Terms of venery|ᱜᱩᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ &quot;dray&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lipton|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ|title=An Exaltation of Larks|date=1991|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0-670-30044-0|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ &quot;scurry&quot; ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;''Universe in Your Pocket'' by Joel Levy, published by Barnes &amp; Noble, Inc.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ==
[[File:Sciurus carolinensis -British Columbia, Canada-8.jpg|left|thumb|ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱱᱩᱭ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱟᱬᱜᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾]]
[[File:Ratufa skull.JPG|thumb|left|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Oriental giant squirrel|ᱳᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭન્ટ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''Ratufa'') ᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱝ—ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱜ [[zygomatic arch|ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱳᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[sciuromorphous]] ᱨᱩᱯ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾]]

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ [[African pygmy squirrel|ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱟᱨ [[least pygmy squirrel|ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱔ ᱥᱮ.ᱢᱤ. ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱒-᱒᱖ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ,&lt;ref name=Kingdon1997&gt;{{cite book | author=Kingdon, J. | author-link=Jonathan Kingdon | year=1997 | title=The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals | publisher=Academic Press Limited, London | isbn=0-12-408355-2 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/kingdonfieldguid00jona }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Payne1998&gt;{{cite book| author1=Payne, J. | author2=C.F. Francis | year=1998 | title=A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo | page=243 | publisher=The Sabah Society | edition=3 | isbn=967-99947-1-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ [[Bhutan giant flying squirrel|ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭન્ટ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱒᱗ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Choudhury2002&gt;{{cite journal | author=Choudhury, A. | year=2002 | title=Petaurista nobilis singhei: First record in India and a note on its taxonomy | journal=The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society | volume=99 | issue=1 | pages=30–34 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ [[marmot|ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱚᱴ]] ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Krystufek2013&gt;{{cite journal | author1=Kryštufek, B. | author2=B. Vohralík | year=2013 | title=Taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic rodents (Rodentia). Part 2. Sciuridae: Urocitellus, Marmota and Sciurotamias | journal=Lynx, N. S. (Praha) | volume=44 | pages=27–138 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Armitage2002&gt;{{cite book | author1=Armitage, K.B. | author2=Blumstein, D.T. | year=2002 | chapter=Body-mass diversity in marmots. Holarctic marmots as a factor of biodiversity | editor1=K.B. Armitage | editor2=V.Yu. Rumiantsev | title=Holarctic Marmots as a Factor of Biodiversity | publisher=ABF Publishing House | pages=22–32 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱚ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ [[fur|ᱩᱵ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱹᱬ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱳᱴᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wildlifeonline.me.uk/squirrels.html Tree Squirrels], ''Wildlife Online'', 23 November 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[thumb|ᱵᱩᱲᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ (pads) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ&lt;ref name=EoM&gt;Milton (1984)&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ [[claw|ᱨᱟᱢᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱨ [[tree climbing|ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱜᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/squirrel-info.htm|title=Rodents|date=22 April 2008|publisher=How Stuff Works|access-date=30 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ, [[Tree squirrels|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱬᱜᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱯᱟ (ankles) ᱑᱘᱐ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Thorington|first1=Richard W.|last2=Koprowski|first2=John L.|last3=Steele|first3=Michael A.|last4=Whatton|first4=James F.|year=2012|page=8|title=Squirrels of the World|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-1-4214-0469-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ===
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Visual perception|ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱴᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ([[somatosensory system|touch]]) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ [[whiskers|ᱜᱩᱪᱩ]] (vibrissae) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=EoM /&gt;

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[incisor|ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ]] (ᱜᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱤᱫᱤᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱩᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ $ \frac{1.0.1.3}{1.0.1.3} $ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;''The Beginning of the Age of Mammals'' Kenneth D. Rose (2006) {{ISBN|978-0-801-88472-6}} p. 326&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ===
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nutsaboutsquirrels.com/1695/why-do-squirrels-have-bushy-tails/|title=Why do squirrels have bushy tails? &amp;#124; Nuts About Squirrels}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭ, ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ, ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱟᱲᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱩᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱫᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ [[parachute|ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱥᱩᱴ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱤᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ [[fishing flies|ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]] (fishing flies) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Genova |first=Cosmo |date=2022-01-11 |title=How to Preserve a Squirrel Pelt For Fly Tying |url=https://www.fieldandstream.com/fishing/preserve-squirrel-pelt-fly-tying/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Field &amp; Stream |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Valla |first=Mike |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AVDDQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22squirrel+tail%22+%22guard+hair%22&amp;pg=PA45 |title=Tying and Fishing Bucktails and Other Hair Wings: Atlantic Salmon Flies to Steelhead Flies |date=2016-09-05 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8117-6532-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ==
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[rainforest|ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[desert|ᱛᱮᱛᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱛ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ [[Polar regions of Earth|ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] (polar regions) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[herbivorous|ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱢ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ (nuts) ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[insects|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ-ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;squirrels&quot;&gt;[http://www.squirrels.org/faq.html Squirrel Place] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227025300/http://www.squirrels.org/faq.html |date=27 December 2010 }}. squirrels.org. Retrieved 14 December 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Thorington|first1=Richard W.|last2=Koprowski|first2=John L.|last3=Steele|first3=Michael A.|last4=Whatton|first4=James F.|year=2012|page=12|title=Squirrels of the World|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-1-4214-0469-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱭ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[wildlife rehabilitator|ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.squirrel-rehab.org/|title=Squirrel Rehab|access-date=19 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ ᱛᱮ [[animal euthanasia|ᱜᱚᱡ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;200px&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;&gt;
File:Squirrel enjoying in the sun.jpg|ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel in Chandigarh.jpg|[[ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel near Chandigarh.jpg|ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel on mango tree.jpg|[[ᱩᱞ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ==
[[File:Baby of squirrel.jpg|thumb|upright|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ [[wikt:kit#Etymology_2|kits]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ]]
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱯᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ (mate) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[gestation|ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ]] ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[altricial]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱵ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱬᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[weaning|ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱚᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ, ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=EoM /&gt;

ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[Diurnality|ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱮ [[crepuscular|ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ-ᱥᱤᱢᱨᱟᱹ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=MassWild&gt;{{cite web|title=Red &amp; Gray Squirrels in Massachusetts|url=http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/wildlife/living/living_with_squirrels.htm|work=MassWildlife|publisher=Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife|access-date=3 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517191120/http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/wildlife/living/living_with_squirrels.htm|archive-date=17 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[Nocturnality|ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ— ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Törmälä | first=Timo | author2=Vuorinen, Hannu | author3=Hokkanen, Heikki | year=1980 | title=Timing of circadian activity in the flying squirrel in central Finland | journal=Acta Theriologica | volume=25 | issue=32–42 | pages=461–474 | doi=10.4098/at.arch.80-42 | doi-access=free |issn = 0001-7051 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[splooting|ᱥᱯᱞᱳᱴ]] (sploot) ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=McNamee|first=Kai|url=https://www.npr.org/2023/06/29/1185092056/squirrels-splooting-heat-wave-climate-change|title=The heat is making squirrels 'sploot' — a goofy act that signals something serious|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=June 29, 2023|access-date=August 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Andersson Krebs 1978 pp. 707–711&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Andersson | first1=Malte | last2=Krebs | first2=John | title=On the evolution of hoarding behaviour | journal=Animal Behaviour | volume=26 | year=1978 | issn=0003-3472 | doi=10.1016/0003-3472(78)90137-9 | pages=707–711| bibcode=1978AnBeh..26..707A | s2cid=53154232 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ-ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ (nuts) ᱠᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=HADJ-CHIKH | first1=LEILA Z. | last2=STEELE | first2=MICHAEL A. | last3=SMALLWOOD | first3=PETER D. | title=Caching decisions by grey squirrels: a test of the handling time and perishability hypotheses | journal=Animal Behaviour |  volume=52 | issue=5 | year=1996 | issn=0003-3472 | doi=10.1006/anbe.1996.0242 | pages=941–948| bibcode=1996AnBeh..52..941H | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱚᱫᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱣ (mold) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ, ᱥᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name =&quot;mould&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xiao | first1=Zhishu | last2=Gao | first2=Xu | last3=Zhang | first3=Zhibin | title=The combined effects of seed perishability and seed size on hoarding decisions by Pére David's rock squirrels | journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |  volume=67 | issue=7 | date=2013-04-05 | issn=0340-5443 | doi=10.1007/s00265-013-1531-8 | pages=1067–1075| bibcode=2013BEcoS..67.1067X | s2cid=253815798 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ, ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱸᱭᱮ (mushrooms) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name =&quot;mould&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xiao | first1=Zhishu | last2=Gao | first2=Xu | last3=Zhang | first3=Zhibin | title=The combined effects of seed perishability and seed size on hoarding decisions by Pére David's rock squirrels | journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |  volume=67 | issue=7 | date=2013-04-05 | issn=0340-5443 | doi=10.1007/s00265-013-1531-8 | pages=1067–1075| bibcode=2013BEcoS..67.1067X | s2cid=253815798 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱣ (fungal infections) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Cyclobalanopsis]], ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱲᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ (nuts) ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ecology) ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;fix nut&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xu | first1=Han | last2=Xia | first2=Lian | last3=Spence | first3=John R | last4=Lin | first4=Mingxian | last5=Lu | first5=Chunyang | last6=Li | first6=Yanpeng | last7=Chen | first7=Jie | last8=Luo | first8=Tushou | last9=Li | first9=Yide | last10=Fang | first10=Suqin | title=Flying squirrels use a mortise-tenon structure to fix nuts on understory twigs | journal=eLife |  volume=12 | date=2023-06-13 | article-number=e84967 | issn=2050-084X | doi=10.7554/elife.84967| pmid=37309191 | pmc=10328505 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ, [[particolored flying squirrel]] ᱟᱨ [[Hainan flying squirrel]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱟᱭᱟ (grooves), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱢᱤᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱚᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ-ᱴᱮᱱᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ' (mortise-tenon joint) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;fix nut&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xu | first1=Han | last2=Xia | first2=Lian | last3=Spence | first3=John R | last4=Lin | first4=Mingxian | last5=Lu | first5=Chunyang | last6=Li | first6=Yanpeng | last7=Chen | first7=Jie | last8=Luo | first8=Tushou | last9=Li | first9=Yide | last10=Fang | first10=Suqin | title=Flying squirrels use a mortise-tenon structure to fix nuts on understory twigs | journal=eLife |  volume=12 | date=2023-06-13 | article-number=e84967 | issn=2050-084X | doi=10.7554/elife.84967| pmid=37309191 | pmc=10328505 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ===
[[File:Squirrel, Manyara National Park, Tanzania (2010).jpg|thumb|right|[[Tanzania|ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Manyara National Park|ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]
[[File:Squirrel in Seurasaari autumn.JPG|thumb|right|[[Finland|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Helsinki|ᱦᱮᱞᱥᱤᱝᱠᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Seurasaari]] ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Red squirrel|ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Merja Laavola: Eläinten elintasosairaudet näkyvät Seurasaaressa. Vartti Etelä-Helsinki, Sanoma Kaupunkilehdet, 2010. (in Finnish)&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[File:Squirrel eating pumpkin seeds.webm|thumb|thumbtime=0|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[pumpkin|ᱠᱩᱢᱰᱟᱹ]] ᱡᱟᱝ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾]]

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[cellulose|ᱥᱮᱞᱩᱞᱳᱡᱽ]] (cellulose) ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[protein|ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱ]], [[carbohydrates|ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱮᱴᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[fat|ᱪᱚᱨᱵᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ-ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ [[Hoarding (animal behavior)|ᱩᱠᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ]] ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ (nuts) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ (buds) ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[herbivores|ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱢ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ, ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ, ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱠᱳᱱ (conifer cones), ᱡᱚ, ᱠᱟᱸᱭᱮ (fungi) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;squirrels&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |website=[[bbc.co.uk]] |access-date=13 July 2018 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4489792.stm |title=Russian squirrel pack 'kills dog' |date=1 December 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ [[bird|ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]], ᱵᱤᱧ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ-ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Richard W. Thorington, Katie Ferrell – [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7cuEWCWpLMC&amp;pg=PA75 ''Squirrels: the animal answer guide''], JHU Press, 2006, {{ISBN|0-8018-8402-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8018-8402-3}}, p. 75.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱯᱟᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱸ [[synanthropes]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱤᱱᱼᱟᱨᱵᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ' (synurbanization) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;peim&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Peiman |first1=Kathryn |title=Sublethal consequences of urban life for wild vertebrates |journal=Environmental Reviews |date=June 2016 |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=416–425 |doi=10.1139/er-2016-0029|bibcode=2016EnvRv..24..416B |hdl=1807/74036 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[New York City|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[Industrial Revolution|ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ- ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ), ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[thirteen-lined ground squirrel]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Friggens | first=M. | title=Carnivory on Desert Cottontails by Texas Antelope Ground Squirrels | jstor=3672818 | journal=The Southwestern Naturalist | volume=47 | issue=1 | pages=132–133 | year=2002 | doi=10.2307/3672818| bibcode=2002SWNat..47..132F }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱑᱙᱒᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱮᱭᱞᱤ (Bernard Bailey) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱞ-ᱯᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ (thirteen-lined ground squirrel) ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Bailey | first=B. | title=Meat-eating propensities of some rodents of Minnesota | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=4 | issue= 2| page=129 | year=1923 | doi = 10.1093/jmammal/4.2.129 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱣᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱱᱰ (Wistrand) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱵᱤᱧ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Wistrand | first=E.H. | title=Predation on a Snake by ''Spermophilus tridecemlineatus'' | jstor=2424389 | journal=American Midland Naturalist | volume=88 | issue=2 | pages=511–512 | year=1972 | doi=10.2307/2424389}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱸᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱒᱐᱐environment᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ [[Lazo, Russia|ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[dog|ᱥᱮᱛᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcn&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Russian Squirrel Pack Kills Dog |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4489792.stm |website=BBC News |date=December 2005 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Cornwall squirrel 'pack' attacks boy, three |work=BBC News |date=14 July 2016 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cornwall-36792959 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;atl1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lafrance |first1=Adrienne |title=When Squirrels Attack – A cautionary tale |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/when-squirrels-attack/531129/ |website=The Atlantic |date=21 June 2017 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱣᱤᱴᱮᱠᱚᱨ (Whitaker) ᱑᱓᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱞ-ᱯᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ (thirteen-lined ground squirrels) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ [[shrew|ᱪᱩᱸᱫᱽ]] (shrew) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ; ᱵᱨᱮᱰᱞᱤ (Bradley) ᱖᱐᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[white-tailed antelope squirrel|ᱯᱩᱸᱰ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱞᱳᱯ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱐% ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ (vertebrate) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ [[lizard|ᱪᱮᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Whitaker | first=J.O. | title=Food and external parasites of ''Spermophilus tridecemlineatus'' in Vigo County, Indiana | jstor=1379067 | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=53 | issue=3 | pages=644–648 | year=1972 | doi=10.2307/1379067}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Bradley | first=W. G. | title=Food habits of the antelope ground squirrel in southern Nevada | jstor=1377723 | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=49 | issue=1 | pages=14–21 | doi=10.2307/1377723 | year=1968}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱳᱨᱜᱟᱨᱴ (Morgart) ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱞᱳᱯ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ [[Perognathus flavus|ᱥᱤᱞᱠᱤ ᱯᱚᱠᱮᱴ ᱪᱩᱸᱫᱽ]] ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Morgart | first=J. R. | title=Carnivorous behavior by a white-tailed antelope ground squirrel ''Ammospermophilus leucurus'' | jstor=3670745 | journal=The Southwestern Naturalist | volume=30 | issue=2 | pages=304–305 | doi=10.2307/3670745 |date=May 1985| bibcode=1985SWNat..30..304M }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱭᱟᱥ ==
[[File:One squirrel open mouth.jpg|thumb|[[Cleveland Museum of Art|ᱠᱞᱤᱵᱽᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[fox squirrel|ᱯᱷᱚᱠᱥ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (''Sciurus niger'')]]
[[File:Taiwanrisu-2009.ogv|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ (''Callosciurus erythraeus thaiwanensis'')]]
[[File:Prevostova vjeverica u Zagrebu.2.jpg|thumb|[[Croatia|ᱠᱨᱳᱣᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Zagreb Zoo|ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱮᱵᱽ ᱪᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮ-ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ [[Prevost's Squirrel|ᱯᱨᱮᱵᱷᱳᱥᱴ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (''Callosciurus prevostii'')]]

ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[subfamilies|ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (subfamilies) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[genera|ᱜᱚᱱ]] (genera) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱒᱘᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[species|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] (species) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author1=Wilson, D.E. |author2=Reeder, D.M. | title=Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness | journal=Zootaxa| volume=3148| year=2011| pages=56–60|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.9 | url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p060.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ (fossil), ''Hesperopetes'', ᱫᱚ [[Chadronian]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱞᱮᱴ [[Eocene|ᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]], ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱔᱐–᱓᱕ [[million years ago|ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ]]), ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Emry | first1 = R. J. | last2 = Korth | first2 = W. W. | title = A new genus of squirrel (Rodentia, Sciuridae) from the mid-Cenozoic of North America | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 693–698 | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[693:ANGOSR]2.0.CO;2 | s2cid = 85847849 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[Miocene|ᱢᱟᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ &quot;ᱟᱹᱫᱤ-ᱛᱩᱲ&quot; (protosquirrels) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ (ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (North America) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = tolweb&gt;Steppan &amp; Hamm (2006)&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ (fossil) ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[phylogeny|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱛᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ]] (phylogeny) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: [[Ratufinae]] (Oriental giant squirrels), Sciurillinae ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱾ Ratufinae ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[Asia|ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[South America|ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel|ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱴᱨᱳᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱫᱚ Sciurillinae ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱬ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ (hypothesis) ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ [[evolutionary radiation|ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ [[Eurasia|ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ [[Africa|ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = tolweb /&gt;

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ: [[Callosciurinae]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ [[South East Asia|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ; [[Ratufinae]], ᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[South Asia|ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ; [[Sciurinae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[flying squirrel|ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (Pteromyini) ᱟᱨ [[Sciurini|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ;&lt;ref&gt;Steppan, S. J. B. L. Storz, and R. S. Hoffmann. 2004. [http://www.bio.fsu.edu/~steppan/Steppan_et_al_Sciuridae.pdf Nuclear DNA phylogeny of the squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia) and the evolution of arboreality from c-myc and RAG1]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30:703-719.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sciurillinae]], ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ; ᱟᱨ [[Xerinae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ [[Tribe (biology)|ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] (tribes) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Marmotini]] ([[marmot|ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱳᱴ]], [[chipmunk|ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ]], [[prairie dog|ᱯᱨᱮᱭᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ]], ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ), [[Xerini]] (ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ), ᱟᱨ [[Protoxerini]] (ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ) ᱾

=== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱭᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ===

* [[Basal (evolution)|ᱵᱮᱥᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ''[[incertae sedis]]'' Sciuridae (ᱡᱚᱛᱚ [[fossil|ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ]])
** ''[[Hesperopetes]]''
** ''[[Kherem (genus)|Kherem]]''
** ''[[Lagrivea]]''
** ''[[Oligosciurus]]''
** ''[[Plesiosciurus]]''
** ''[[Prospermophilus]]''
** ''[[Sciurion]]''
** ''[[Similisciurus]]''
** ''[[Sinotamias]]''
** ''[[Vulcanisciurus]]''
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Cedromurinae]] (ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Ratufinae]] – ᱳᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱔ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurillinae]] – ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱴᱨᱳᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ ([[monotypic|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱱ]])
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurinae]]
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Sciurini]] – ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱕ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱓᱘ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Pteromyini]] – ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑᱕ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱔᱕ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Callosciurinae]] – ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Callosciurini]] (᱑᱓ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱖᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Funambulini]] ᱛᱟᱞᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ/ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱕ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Xerinae]] – ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Xerini]] – ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱓ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱖ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Protoxerini]] (᱖ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱕᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Marmotini]] – ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ, ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱳᱴ, ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ, ᱯᱨᱮᱭᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ (᱖ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱙᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)

== ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ==
{{main|Tree squirrel#Relationship with humans}}

== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
{{Portal|Mammals}}
* [[List of animal names#squirrel|ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ#ᱛᱩᱲ]]
* ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease]] ([[Kuru (disease)|ᱠᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ]]) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Blakeslee |first1=Sandra |title=Kentucky Doctors Warn Against a Regional Dish: Squirrels' Brains |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/29/us/kentucky-doctors-warn-against-a-regional-dish-squirrels-brains.html |access-date=18 April 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=29 August 1997}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.livescience.com/63831-squirrel-brains-rare-disorder-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.html |title=Man Dies from Extremely Rare Disease After Eating Squirrel Brains |first1=Rachael |last1=Rettner |date=October 15, 2018 |publisher=[[LiveScience]] |access-date=April 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Anchor|Notes|reason=&quot;Notes&quot; is the old section name, which was changed to &quot;References&quot; on 6 June 2018}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Anchor|References|reason=&quot;References&quot; is the old section name, which was changed to &quot;Further reading&quot; on 6 June 2018}}

== ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{cite book| last1 = Whitaker | first1= John O. Jr. |last2= Elman|first2=Robert|date=1980|title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals|edition=2nd|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf, Jr.| location = New York|isbn=0-394-50762-2}}

== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
* Milton, Katherine (1984): &quot;Family Sciuridae&quot;. In: Macdonald, D. (ed.): ''The Encyclopedia of Mammals'': 612–623. Facts on File, New York. {{ISBN|0-87196-871-1}}.
* Steppan, Scott J. and Hamm, Shawn M. (2006): [[Tree of Life Web Project]] – [http://tolweb.org/Sciuridae/16456/2006.05.13 &quot;Sciuridae (Squirrels)&quot;]. Version of 13 May 2006. Retrieved 10 December 2007.
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Steppan | first1 = S. J. | last2 = Storz | first2 = B. L. | last3 = Hoffmann | first3 = R. S. | doi = 10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00204-5 | title = Nuclear DNA phylogeny of the squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia) and the evolution of arboreality from c-myc and RAG1 | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 703–719 | year = 2004 | pmid =  15012949| bibcode = 2004MolPE..30..703S }}
* Thorington, R.W. and Hoffmann, R.S. (2005): &quot;Family Sciuridae&quot;. In: ''Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'': 754–818. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons|Sciuridae}}
{{Wikispecies|Sciuridae}}
{{Wiktionary|squirrel}}
* {{wikiquote-inline}}
* [http://tolweb.org/Sciuridae/16456 ᱴᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷ: Sciuridae]
* [http://northernbushcraft.com/animalTracks/squirrel/notes.htm ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ]: ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070614105921/http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/squirrel.html ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131206211135/http://squirrels.org/names.html ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]

{{Rodents}}
{{S. Ratufinae-Sciurillinae nav}}
{{S. Callosciurinae nav}}
{{S. Sciurinae1 nav}}
{{S. Sciurinae2 nav}}
{{S. Xerinae nav}}
{{Marmotini nav}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q9482}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:ᱛᱩᱲ| ]]
[[Category:Sciuromorpha]]
[[Category:ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱠᱞᱤᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:Extant Eocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Rodents by common name]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim]]</text>
      <sha1>amc786q85fp55zqmwcx7qzj18hl9unj</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>191329</id>
      <parentid>191327</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T08:07:39Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
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      <text bytes="56098" sha1="h11wyk3zz1jk9z16ajemuefndf0pli2" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{About|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱛᱩᱲ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Eocene|Recent|Late [[Eocene]] – Recent}}
| image = Sciuridae.jpg
| image_upright = 1.15
| image_caption = Sciuridae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ

{{aligned table|cols=3
 | ''[[Prevost's squirrel|Callosciurus prevostii]]'' | ''[[Siberian chipmunk|Eutamias sibiricus]]'' | ''[[American red squirrel|Tamiasciurus hudsonicus]]''
 | ''[[Fox squirrel|Sciurus niger]]'' | ''[[Urocitellus columbianus]]''  | ''[[Smith's bush squirrel|Paraxerus cepapi]]''
 | ''[[Cape ground squirrel|Geosciurus inauris]]'' | ''[[Marmot]]a'' sp.  | ''[[Black-tailed prairie dog|Cynomys ludovicianus]]''
}}
| taxon = Sciuridae
| authority = [[Johann Fischer von Waldheim|Fischer de Waldheim]], 1817
| type_genus = ''[[Sciurus]]''
| type_genus_authority = [[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|Linnaeus]], 1758
| subdivision_ranks = ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = * ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Ratufinae]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurillinae]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Sciurini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Pteromyini]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Callosciurinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Callosciurini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Funambulini]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Xerinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Xerini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Protoxerini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Marmotini]]
| range_map = File:Sciuridae distribution.png
| range_map_caption = Sciuridae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ
}}

'''ᱛᱩᱲ''' (ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ-'''Sciuridae)'''  ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[tree squirrel|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]], [[ground squirrel|ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[chipmunk|ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[prairie dog|ᱯᱨᱮᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ), ᱟᱨ [[flying squirrel|ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ [[introduced species|ᱤᱫᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=Seebeck&gt;{{cite web|last=Seebeck|first=J. H.|title=Sciuridae|url=http://www.scarysquirrel.org/vacation/australia/fauna.pdf|work=Fauna of Australia|access-date=2013-11-24|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117031835/http://www.scarysquirrel.org/vacation/australia/fauna.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱵᱽᱼᱡᱟᱹᱥᱤ  ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[mountain beaver|ᱢᱟᱶᱴᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[dormouse|ᱰᱳᱨᱢᱟᱣᱩᱥ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kay |first1=Emily H. |last2=Hoekstra |first2=Hopi E. |date=20 May 2008 |title=Rodents |journal=Current Biology |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=R406–R410 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.019 |pmid=18492466 |bibcode=2008CBio...18.R406K |issn=0960-9822}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
''ᱥᱠᱩᱣᱟᱨᱮᱞ (Squirrel'') ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱑᱓᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱮᱝᱜᱽᱞᱳ-ᱱᱳᱨᱢᱟᱱ {{lang|xno|esquirel}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ {{lang|fro|escureil}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Squirrel|encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|year=1933|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120833/page/n368/mode/1up |via=[[Internet Archive]]|publisher=The Clarendon Press |publication-place=Oxford, UK |edition=1 Corrected re-issue |volume=10 (Sole–Sz) |page=749 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|la|sciurus}} ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;/&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|grc|σκίουρος}} ({{transliteration|grc|skiouros}}; {{lang|grc|σκιᾱ́}} ('ᱩᱢᱩᱞ') ᱟᱨ {{lang|grc|οὐᱨᾱ́}} ('ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ') ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;/&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱚ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia =[[The Oxford English Dictionary]] | title = squirrel, ''n''. | url = http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50235460 | access-date =8 November 2010 | edition = 2nd. | year = 1989 | publisher = Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Whitaker|Elman|1980|p=370}} ''Sciurus'' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ (genera) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{sfn|Whitaker|Elman|1980|p=370}}

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|ang|ācweorna}} ᱫᱚ [[Middle English language|ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱞ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]] ᱨᱮ {{lang|enm|aquerne}} ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1913_aquerne&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Aquerne|encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |publisher=The Clarendon Press |publication-place=Oxford, UK |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99992/page/n460/mode/1up |via=[[Internet Archive]] |year=1913 |volume=1 (A–B) |edition=1 Corrected re-issue, 1970 reprint |page=422 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[Common Germanic|ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[Germanic languages|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - [[German language|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ]] {{lang|de|Eichhörnchen}}; [[Norwegian language|ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] {{lang|no|ikorn}}/{{lang|no|ekorn}}; [[Dutch language|ᱰᱟᱪ]] {{lang|nl|eekhoorn}}; [[Swedish language|ᱥᱩᱭᱰᱤᱥ]] {{lang|sv|ekorre}} ᱟᱨ [[Danish language|ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱥ]] {{lang|da|egern}} ᱾

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Terms of venery|ᱜᱩᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ &quot;ᱰᱨᱟᱭ&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lipton|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ|title=An Exaltation of Larks|date=1991|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0-670-30044-0|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ &quot;ᱥᱠᱚᱨᱤ&quot; ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;''Universe in Your Pocket'' by Joel Levy, published by Barnes &amp; Noble, Inc.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ==
[[File:Sciurus carolinensis -British Columbia, Canada-8.jpg|left|thumb|ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱱᱩᱭ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱟᱬᱜᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾]]
[[File:Ratufa skull.JPG|thumb|left|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Oriental giant squirrel|ᱳᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭન્ટ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''Ratufa'') ᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱝ—ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱜ [[zygomatic arch|ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱳᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[sciuromorphous]] ᱨᱩᱯ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾]]

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ [[African pygmy squirrel|ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱟᱨ [[least pygmy squirrel|ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱔ ᱥᱮ.ᱢᱤ. ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱒-᱒᱖ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ,&lt;ref name=Kingdon1997&gt;{{cite book | author=Kingdon, J. | author-link=Jonathan Kingdon | year=1997 | title=The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals | publisher=Academic Press Limited, London | isbn=0-12-408355-2 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/kingdonfieldguid00jona }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Payne1998&gt;{{cite book| author1=Payne, J. | author2=C.F. Francis | year=1998 | title=A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo | page=243 | publisher=The Sabah Society | edition=3 | isbn=967-99947-1-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ [[Bhutan giant flying squirrel|ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭન્ટ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱒᱗ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Choudhury2002&gt;{{cite journal | author=Choudhury, A. | year=2002 | title=Petaurista nobilis singhei: First record in India and a note on its taxonomy | journal=The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society | volume=99 | issue=1 | pages=30–34 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ [[marmot|ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱚᱴ]] ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Krystufek2013&gt;{{cite journal | author1=Kryštufek, B. | author2=B. Vohralík | year=2013 | title=Taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic rodents (Rodentia). Part 2. Sciuridae: Urocitellus, Marmota and Sciurotamias | journal=Lynx, N. S. (Praha) | volume=44 | pages=27–138 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Armitage2002&gt;{{cite book | author1=Armitage, K.B. | author2=Blumstein, D.T. | year=2002 | chapter=Body-mass diversity in marmots. Holarctic marmots as a factor of biodiversity | editor1=K.B. Armitage | editor2=V.Yu. Rumiantsev | title=Holarctic Marmots as a Factor of Biodiversity | publisher=ABF Publishing House | pages=22–32 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱚ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ [[fur|ᱩᱵ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱹᱬ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱳᱴᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wildlifeonline.me.uk/squirrels.html Tree Squirrels], ''Wildlife Online'', 23 November 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[thumb|ᱵᱩᱲᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ (pads) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ&lt;ref name=EoM&gt;Milton (1984)&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ [[claw|ᱨᱟᱢᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱨ [[tree climbing|ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱜᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/squirrel-info.htm|title=Rodents|date=22 April 2008|publisher=How Stuff Works|access-date=30 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ, [[Tree squirrels|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱬᱜᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱯᱟ (ankles) ᱑᱘᱐ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Thorington|first1=Richard W.|last2=Koprowski|first2=John L.|last3=Steele|first3=Michael A.|last4=Whatton|first4=James F.|year=2012|page=8|title=Squirrels of the World|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-1-4214-0469-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ===
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Visual perception|ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱴᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ([[somatosensory system|touch]]) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ [[whiskers|ᱜᱩᱪᱩ]] (vibrissae) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=EoM /&gt;

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[incisor|ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ]] (ᱜᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱤᱫᱤᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱩᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ $ \frac{1.0.1.3}{1.0.1.3} $ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;''The Beginning of the Age of Mammals'' Kenneth D. Rose (2006) {{ISBN|978-0-801-88472-6}} p. 326&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ===
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nutsaboutsquirrels.com/1695/why-do-squirrels-have-bushy-tails/|title=Why do squirrels have bushy tails? &amp;#124; Nuts About Squirrels}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭ, ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ, ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱟᱲᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱩᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱫᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ [[parachute|ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱥᱩᱴ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱤᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ [[fishing flies|ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]] (fishing flies) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Genova |first=Cosmo |date=2022-01-11 |title=How to Preserve a Squirrel Pelt For Fly Tying |url=https://www.fieldandstream.com/fishing/preserve-squirrel-pelt-fly-tying/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Field &amp; Stream |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Valla |first=Mike |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AVDDQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22squirrel+tail%22+%22guard+hair%22&amp;pg=PA45 |title=Tying and Fishing Bucktails and Other Hair Wings: Atlantic Salmon Flies to Steelhead Flies |date=2016-09-05 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8117-6532-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ==
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[rainforest|ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[desert|ᱛᱮᱛᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱛ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ [[Polar regions of Earth|ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] (polar regions) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[herbivorous|ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱢ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ (nuts) ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[insects|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ-ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;squirrels&quot;&gt;[http://www.squirrels.org/faq.html Squirrel Place] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227025300/http://www.squirrels.org/faq.html |date=27 December 2010 }}. squirrels.org. Retrieved 14 December 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Thorington|first1=Richard W.|last2=Koprowski|first2=John L.|last3=Steele|first3=Michael A.|last4=Whatton|first4=James F.|year=2012|page=12|title=Squirrels of the World|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-1-4214-0469-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱭ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[wildlife rehabilitator|ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.squirrel-rehab.org/|title=Squirrel Rehab|access-date=19 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ ᱛᱮ [[animal euthanasia|ᱜᱚᱡ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;200px&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;&gt;
File:Squirrel enjoying in the sun.jpg|ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel in Chandigarh.jpg|[[ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel near Chandigarh.jpg|ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel on mango tree.jpg|[[ᱩᱞ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ==
[[File:Baby of squirrel.jpg|thumb|upright|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ [[wikt:kit#Etymology_2|kits]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ]]
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱯᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ (mate) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[gestation|ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ]] ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[altricial]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱵ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱬᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[weaning|ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱚᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ, ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=EoM /&gt;

ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[Diurnality|ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱮ [[crepuscular|ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ-ᱥᱤᱢᱨᱟᱹ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=MassWild&gt;{{cite web|title=Red &amp; Gray Squirrels in Massachusetts|url=http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/wildlife/living/living_with_squirrels.htm|work=MassWildlife|publisher=Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife|access-date=3 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517191120/http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/wildlife/living/living_with_squirrels.htm|archive-date=17 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[Nocturnality|ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ— ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Törmälä | first=Timo | author2=Vuorinen, Hannu | author3=Hokkanen, Heikki | year=1980 | title=Timing of circadian activity in the flying squirrel in central Finland | journal=Acta Theriologica | volume=25 | issue=32–42 | pages=461–474 | doi=10.4098/at.arch.80-42 | doi-access=free |issn = 0001-7051 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[splooting|ᱥᱯᱞᱳᱴ]] (sploot) ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=McNamee|first=Kai|url=https://www.npr.org/2023/06/29/1185092056/squirrels-splooting-heat-wave-climate-change|title=The heat is making squirrels 'sploot' — a goofy act that signals something serious|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=June 29, 2023|access-date=August 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Andersson Krebs 1978 pp. 707–711&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Andersson | first1=Malte | last2=Krebs | first2=John | title=On the evolution of hoarding behaviour | journal=Animal Behaviour | volume=26 | year=1978 | issn=0003-3472 | doi=10.1016/0003-3472(78)90137-9 | pages=707–711| bibcode=1978AnBeh..26..707A | s2cid=53154232 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ-ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ (nuts) ᱠᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=HADJ-CHIKH | first1=LEILA Z. | last2=STEELE | first2=MICHAEL A. | last3=SMALLWOOD | first3=PETER D. | title=Caching decisions by grey squirrels: a test of the handling time and perishability hypotheses | journal=Animal Behaviour |  volume=52 | issue=5 | year=1996 | issn=0003-3472 | doi=10.1006/anbe.1996.0242 | pages=941–948| bibcode=1996AnBeh..52..941H | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱚᱫᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱣ (mold) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ, ᱥᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name =&quot;mould&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xiao | first1=Zhishu | last2=Gao | first2=Xu | last3=Zhang | first3=Zhibin | title=The combined effects of seed perishability and seed size on hoarding decisions by Pére David's rock squirrels | journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |  volume=67 | issue=7 | date=2013-04-05 | issn=0340-5443 | doi=10.1007/s00265-013-1531-8 | pages=1067–1075| bibcode=2013BEcoS..67.1067X | s2cid=253815798 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ, ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱸᱭᱮ (mushrooms) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name =&quot;mould&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xiao | first1=Zhishu | last2=Gao | first2=Xu | last3=Zhang | first3=Zhibin | title=The combined effects of seed perishability and seed size on hoarding decisions by Pére David's rock squirrels | journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |  volume=67 | issue=7 | date=2013-04-05 | issn=0340-5443 | doi=10.1007/s00265-013-1531-8 | pages=1067–1075| bibcode=2013BEcoS..67.1067X | s2cid=253815798 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱣ (fungal infections) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Cyclobalanopsis]], ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱲᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ (nuts) ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ecology) ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;fix nut&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xu | first1=Han | last2=Xia | first2=Lian | last3=Spence | first3=John R | last4=Lin | first4=Mingxian | last5=Lu | first5=Chunyang | last6=Li | first6=Yanpeng | last7=Chen | first7=Jie | last8=Luo | first8=Tushou | last9=Li | first9=Yide | last10=Fang | first10=Suqin | title=Flying squirrels use a mortise-tenon structure to fix nuts on understory twigs | journal=eLife |  volume=12 | date=2023-06-13 | article-number=e84967 | issn=2050-084X | doi=10.7554/elife.84967| pmid=37309191 | pmc=10328505 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ, [[particolored flying squirrel]] ᱟᱨ [[Hainan flying squirrel]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱟᱭᱟ (grooves), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱢᱤᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱚᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ-ᱴᱮᱱᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ' (mortise-tenon joint) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;fix nut&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xu | first1=Han | last2=Xia | first2=Lian | last3=Spence | first3=John R | last4=Lin | first4=Mingxian | last5=Lu | first5=Chunyang | last6=Li | first6=Yanpeng | last7=Chen | first7=Jie | last8=Luo | first8=Tushou | last9=Li | first9=Yide | last10=Fang | first10=Suqin | title=Flying squirrels use a mortise-tenon structure to fix nuts on understory twigs | journal=eLife |  volume=12 | date=2023-06-13 | article-number=e84967 | issn=2050-084X | doi=10.7554/elife.84967| pmid=37309191 | pmc=10328505 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ===
[[File:Squirrel, Manyara National Park, Tanzania (2010).jpg|thumb|right|[[Tanzania|ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Manyara National Park|ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]
[[File:Squirrel in Seurasaari autumn.JPG|thumb|right|[[Finland|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Helsinki|ᱦᱮᱞᱥᱤᱝᱠᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Seurasaari]] ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Red squirrel|ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Merja Laavola: Eläinten elintasosairaudet näkyvät Seurasaaressa. Vartti Etelä-Helsinki, Sanoma Kaupunkilehdet, 2010. (in Finnish)&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[File:Squirrel eating pumpkin seeds.webm|thumb|thumbtime=0|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[pumpkin|ᱠᱩᱢᱰᱟᱹ]] ᱡᱟᱝ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾]]

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[cellulose|ᱥᱮᱞᱩᱞᱳᱡᱽ]] (cellulose) ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[protein|ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱ]], [[carbohydrates|ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱮᱴᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[fat|ᱪᱚᱨᱵᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ-ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ [[Hoarding (animal behavior)|ᱩᱠᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ]] ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ (nuts) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ (buds) ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[herbivores|ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱢ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ, ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ, ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱠᱳᱱ (conifer cones), ᱡᱚ, ᱠᱟᱸᱭᱮ (fungi) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;squirrels&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |website=[[bbc.co.uk]] |access-date=13 July 2018 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4489792.stm |title=Russian squirrel pack 'kills dog' |date=1 December 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ [[bird|ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]], ᱵᱤᱧ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ-ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Richard W. Thorington, Katie Ferrell – [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7cuEWCWpLMC&amp;pg=PA75 ''Squirrels: the animal answer guide''], JHU Press, 2006, {{ISBN|0-8018-8402-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8018-8402-3}}, p. 75.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱯᱟᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱸ [[synanthropes]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱤᱱᱼᱟᱨᱵᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ' (synurbanization) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;peim&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Peiman |first1=Kathryn |title=Sublethal consequences of urban life for wild vertebrates |journal=Environmental Reviews |date=June 2016 |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=416–425 |doi=10.1139/er-2016-0029|bibcode=2016EnvRv..24..416B |hdl=1807/74036 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[New York City|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[Industrial Revolution|ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ- ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ), ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[thirteen-lined ground squirrel]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Friggens | first=M. | title=Carnivory on Desert Cottontails by Texas Antelope Ground Squirrels | jstor=3672818 | journal=The Southwestern Naturalist | volume=47 | issue=1 | pages=132–133 | year=2002 | doi=10.2307/3672818| bibcode=2002SWNat..47..132F }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱑᱙᱒᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱮᱭᱞᱤ (Bernard Bailey) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱞ-ᱯᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ (thirteen-lined ground squirrel) ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Bailey | first=B. | title=Meat-eating propensities of some rodents of Minnesota | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=4 | issue= 2| page=129 | year=1923 | doi = 10.1093/jmammal/4.2.129 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱣᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱱᱰ (Wistrand) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱵᱤᱧ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Wistrand | first=E.H. | title=Predation on a Snake by ''Spermophilus tridecemlineatus'' | jstor=2424389 | journal=American Midland Naturalist | volume=88 | issue=2 | pages=511–512 | year=1972 | doi=10.2307/2424389}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱸᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱒᱐᱐environment᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ [[Lazo, Russia|ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[dog|ᱥᱮᱛᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcn&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Russian Squirrel Pack Kills Dog |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4489792.stm |website=BBC News |date=December 2005 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Cornwall squirrel 'pack' attacks boy, three |work=BBC News |date=14 July 2016 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cornwall-36792959 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;atl1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lafrance |first1=Adrienne |title=When Squirrels Attack – A cautionary tale |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/when-squirrels-attack/531129/ |website=The Atlantic |date=21 June 2017 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱣᱤᱴᱮᱠᱚᱨ (Whitaker) ᱑᱓᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱞ-ᱯᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ (thirteen-lined ground squirrels) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ [[shrew|ᱪᱩᱸᱫᱽ]] (shrew) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ; ᱵᱨᱮᱰᱞᱤ (Bradley) ᱖᱐᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[white-tailed antelope squirrel|ᱯᱩᱸᱰ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱞᱳᱯ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱐% ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ (vertebrate) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ [[lizard|ᱪᱮᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Whitaker | first=J.O. | title=Food and external parasites of ''Spermophilus tridecemlineatus'' in Vigo County, Indiana | jstor=1379067 | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=53 | issue=3 | pages=644–648 | year=1972 | doi=10.2307/1379067}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Bradley | first=W. G. | title=Food habits of the antelope ground squirrel in southern Nevada | jstor=1377723 | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=49 | issue=1 | pages=14–21 | doi=10.2307/1377723 | year=1968}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱳᱨᱜᱟᱨᱴ (Morgart) ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱞᱳᱯ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ [[Perognathus flavus|ᱥᱤᱞᱠᱤ ᱯᱚᱠᱮᱴ ᱪᱩᱸᱫᱽ]] ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Morgart | first=J. R. | title=Carnivorous behavior by a white-tailed antelope ground squirrel ''Ammospermophilus leucurus'' | jstor=3670745 | journal=The Southwestern Naturalist | volume=30 | issue=2 | pages=304–305 | doi=10.2307/3670745 |date=May 1985| bibcode=1985SWNat..30..304M }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱭᱟᱥ ==
[[File:One squirrel open mouth.jpg|thumb|[[Cleveland Museum of Art|ᱠᱞᱤᱵᱽᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[fox squirrel|ᱯᱷᱚᱠᱥ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (''Sciurus niger'')]]
[[File:Taiwanrisu-2009.ogv|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ (''Callosciurus erythraeus thaiwanensis'')]]
[[File:Prevostova vjeverica u Zagrebu.2.jpg|thumb|[[Croatia|ᱠᱨᱳᱣᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Zagreb Zoo|ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱮᱵᱽ ᱪᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮ-ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ [[Prevost's Squirrel|ᱯᱨᱮᱵᱷᱳᱥᱴ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (''Callosciurus prevostii'')]]

ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[subfamilies|ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (subfamilies) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[genera|ᱜᱚᱱ]] (genera) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱒᱘᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[species|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] (species) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author1=Wilson, D.E. |author2=Reeder, D.M. | title=Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness | journal=Zootaxa| volume=3148| year=2011| pages=56–60|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.9 | url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p060.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ (fossil), ''Hesperopetes'', ᱫᱚ [[Chadronian]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱞᱮᱴ [[Eocene|ᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]], ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱔᱐–᱓᱕ [[million years ago|ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ]]), ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Emry | first1 = R. J. | last2 = Korth | first2 = W. W. | title = A new genus of squirrel (Rodentia, Sciuridae) from the mid-Cenozoic of North America | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 693–698 | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[693:ANGOSR]2.0.CO;2 | s2cid = 85847849 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[Miocene|ᱢᱟᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ &quot;ᱟᱹᱫᱤ-ᱛᱩᱲ&quot; (protosquirrels) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ (ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (North America) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = tolweb&gt;Steppan &amp; Hamm (2006)&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ (fossil) ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[phylogeny|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱛᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ]] (phylogeny) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: [[Ratufinae]] (Oriental giant squirrels), Sciurillinae ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱾ Ratufinae ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[Asia|ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[South America|ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel|ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱴᱨᱳᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱫᱚ Sciurillinae ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱬ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ (hypothesis) ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ [[evolutionary radiation|ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ [[Eurasia|ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ [[Africa|ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = tolweb /&gt;

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ: [[Callosciurinae]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ [[South East Asia|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ; [[Ratufinae]], ᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[South Asia|ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ; [[Sciurinae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[flying squirrel|ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (Pteromyini) ᱟᱨ [[Sciurini|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ;&lt;ref&gt;Steppan, S. J. B. L. Storz, and R. S. Hoffmann. 2004. [http://www.bio.fsu.edu/~steppan/Steppan_et_al_Sciuridae.pdf Nuclear DNA phylogeny of the squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia) and the evolution of arboreality from c-myc and RAG1]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30:703-719.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sciurillinae]], ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ; ᱟᱨ [[Xerinae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ [[Tribe (biology)|ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] (tribes) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Marmotini]] ([[marmot|ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱳᱴ]], [[chipmunk|ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ]], [[prairie dog|ᱯᱨᱮᱭᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ]], ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ), [[Xerini]] (ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ), ᱟᱨ [[Protoxerini]] (ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ) ᱾

=== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱭᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ===

* [[Basal (evolution)|ᱵᱮᱥᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ''[[incertae sedis]]'' Sciuridae (ᱡᱚᱛᱚ [[fossil|ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ]])
** ''[[Hesperopetes]]''
** ''[[Kherem (genus)|Kherem]]''
** ''[[Lagrivea]]''
** ''[[Oligosciurus]]''
** ''[[Plesiosciurus]]''
** ''[[Prospermophilus]]''
** ''[[Sciurion]]''
** ''[[Similisciurus]]''
** ''[[Sinotamias]]''
** ''[[Vulcanisciurus]]''
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Cedromurinae]] (ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Ratufinae]] – ᱳᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱔ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurillinae]] – ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱴᱨᱳᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ ([[monotypic|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱱ]])
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurinae]]
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Sciurini]] – ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱕ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱓᱘ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Pteromyini]] – ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑᱕ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱔᱕ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Callosciurinae]] – ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Callosciurini]] (᱑᱓ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱖᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Funambulini]] ᱛᱟᱞᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ/ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱕ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Xerinae]] – ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Xerini]] – ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱓ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱖ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Protoxerini]] (᱖ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱕᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Marmotini]] – ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ, ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱳᱴ, ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ, ᱯᱨᱮᱭᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ (᱖ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱙᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)

== ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ==
{{main|Tree squirrel#Relationship with humans}}

== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
{{Portal|Mammals}}
* [[List of animal names#squirrel|ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ#ᱛᱩᱲ]]
* ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease]] ([[Kuru (disease)|ᱠᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ]]) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Blakeslee |first1=Sandra |title=Kentucky Doctors Warn Against a Regional Dish: Squirrels' Brains |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/29/us/kentucky-doctors-warn-against-a-regional-dish-squirrels-brains.html |access-date=18 April 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=29 August 1997}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.livescience.com/63831-squirrel-brains-rare-disorder-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.html |title=Man Dies from Extremely Rare Disease After Eating Squirrel Brains |first1=Rachael |last1=Rettner |date=October 15, 2018 |publisher=[[LiveScience]] |access-date=April 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Anchor|Notes|reason=&quot;Notes&quot; is the old section name, which was changed to &quot;References&quot; on 6 June 2018}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Anchor|References|reason=&quot;References&quot; is the old section name, which was changed to &quot;Further reading&quot; on 6 June 2018}}

== ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{cite book| last1 = Whitaker | first1= John O. Jr. |last2= Elman|first2=Robert|date=1980|title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals|edition=2nd|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf, Jr.| location = New York|isbn=0-394-50762-2}}

== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
* Milton, Katherine (1984): &quot;Family Sciuridae&quot;. In: Macdonald, D. (ed.): ''The Encyclopedia of Mammals'': 612–623. Facts on File, New York. {{ISBN|0-87196-871-1}}.
* Steppan, Scott J. and Hamm, Shawn M. (2006): [[Tree of Life Web Project]] – [http://tolweb.org/Sciuridae/16456/2006.05.13 &quot;Sciuridae (Squirrels)&quot;]. Version of 13 May 2006. Retrieved 10 December 2007.
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Steppan | first1 = S. J. | last2 = Storz | first2 = B. L. | last3 = Hoffmann | first3 = R. S. | doi = 10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00204-5 | title = Nuclear DNA phylogeny of the squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia) and the evolution of arboreality from c-myc and RAG1 | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 703–719 | year = 2004 | pmid =  15012949| bibcode = 2004MolPE..30..703S }}
* Thorington, R.W. and Hoffmann, R.S. (2005): &quot;Family Sciuridae&quot;. In: ''Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'': 754–818. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons|Sciuridae}}
{{Wikispecies|Sciuridae}}
{{Wiktionary|squirrel}}
* {{wikiquote-inline}}
* [http://tolweb.org/Sciuridae/16456 ᱴᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷ: Sciuridae]
* [http://northernbushcraft.com/animalTracks/squirrel/notes.htm ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ]: ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070614105921/http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/squirrel.html ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131206211135/http://squirrels.org/names.html ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]

{{Rodents}}
{{S. Ratufinae-Sciurillinae nav}}
{{S. Callosciurinae nav}}
{{S. Sciurinae1 nav}}
{{S. Sciurinae2 nav}}
{{S. Xerinae nav}}
{{Marmotini nav}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q9482}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:ᱛᱩᱲ| ]]
[[Category:Sciuromorpha]]
[[Category:ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱠᱞᱤᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:Extant Eocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Rodents by common name]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>191333</id>
      <parentid>191329</parentid>
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      <text bytes="55974" sha1="2xhlbsb5mhzvkndevdjjbm9xhdmzng9" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{About|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱛᱩᱲ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Eocene|Recent|Late [[Eocene]] – Recent}}
| image = Sciuridae.jpg
| image_upright = 1.15
| image_caption = Sciuridae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ

{{aligned table|cols=3
 | ''[[Prevost's squirrel|Callosciurus prevostii]]'' | ''[[Siberian chipmunk|Eutamias sibiricus]]'' | ''[[American red squirrel|Tamiasciurus hudsonicus]]''
 | ''[[Fox squirrel|Sciurus niger]]'' | ''[[Urocitellus columbianus]]''  | ''[[Smith's bush squirrel|Paraxerus cepapi]]''
 | ''[[Cape ground squirrel|Geosciurus inauris]]'' | ''[[Marmot]]a'' sp.  | ''[[Black-tailed prairie dog|Cynomys ludovicianus]]''
}}
| taxon = Sciuridae
| authority = [[Johann Fischer von Waldheim|Fischer de Waldheim]], 1817
| type_genus = ''[[Sciurus]]''
| type_genus_authority = [[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|Linnaeus]], 1758
| subdivision_ranks = ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = * ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Ratufinae]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurillinae]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Sciurini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Pteromyini]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Callosciurinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Callosciurini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Funambulini]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Xerinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Xerini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Protoxerini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Marmotini]]
| range_map = File:Sciuridae distribution.png
| range_map_caption = Sciuridae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ
}}

'''ᱛᱩᱲ''' (ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ-'''Sciuridae)'''  ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[tree squirrel|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]], [[ground squirrel|ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[chipmunk|ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[prairie dog|ᱯᱨᱮᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ), ᱟᱨ [[flying squirrel|ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ [[introduced species|ᱤᱫᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=Seebeck&gt;{{cite web|last=Seebeck|first=J. H.|title=Sciuridae|url=http://www.scarysquirrel.org/vacation/australia/fauna.pdf|work=Fauna of Australia|access-date=2013-11-24|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117031835/http://www.scarysquirrel.org/vacation/australia/fauna.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱵᱽᱼᱡᱟᱹᱥᱤ  ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[mountain beaver|ᱢᱟᱶᱴᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[dormouse|ᱰᱳᱨᱢᱟᱣᱩᱥ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kay |first1=Emily H. |last2=Hoekstra |first2=Hopi E. |date=20 May 2008 |title=Rodents |journal=Current Biology |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=R406–R410 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.019 |pmid=18492466 |bibcode=2008CBio...18.R406K |issn=0960-9822}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
''ᱥᱠᱩᱣᱟᱨᱮᱞ (Squirrel'') ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱑᱓᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱮᱝᱜᱽᱞᱳ-ᱱᱳᱨᱢᱟᱱ {{lang|xno|esquirel}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ {{lang|fro|escureil}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Squirrel|encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|year=1933|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120833/page/n368/mode/1up |via=[[Internet Archive]]|publisher=The Clarendon Press |publication-place=Oxford, UK |edition=1 Corrected re-issue |volume=10 (Sole–Sz) |page=749 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|la|sciurus}} ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;/&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|grc|σκίουρος}} ({{transliteration|grc|skiouros}}; {{lang|grc|σκιᾱ́}} ('ᱩᱢᱩᱞ') ᱟᱨ {{lang|grc|οὐᱨᾱ́}} ('ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ') ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;/&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱚ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia =[[The Oxford English Dictionary]] | title = squirrel, ''n''. | url = http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50235460 | access-date =8 November 2010 | edition = 2nd. | year = 1989 | publisher = Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Whitaker|Elman|1980|p=370}} ''Sciurus'' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ (genera) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{sfn|Whitaker|Elman|1980|p=370}}

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|ang|ācweorna}} ᱫᱚ [[Middle English language|ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱞ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]] ᱨᱮ {{lang|enm|aquerne}} ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1913_aquerne&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Aquerne|encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |publisher=The Clarendon Press |publication-place=Oxford, UK |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99992/page/n460/mode/1up |via=[[Internet Archive]] |year=1913 |volume=1 (A–B) |edition=1 Corrected re-issue, 1970 reprint |page=422 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[Common Germanic|ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[Germanic languages|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - [[German language|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ]] {{lang|de|Eichhörnchen}}; [[Norwegian language|ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] {{lang|no|ikorn}}/{{lang|no|ekorn}}; [[Dutch language|ᱰᱟᱪ]] {{lang|nl|eekhoorn}}; [[Swedish language|ᱥᱩᱭᱰᱤᱥ]] {{lang|sv|ekorre}} ᱟᱨ [[Danish language|ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱥ]] {{lang|da|egern}} ᱾

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Terms of venery|ᱜᱩᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ &quot;ᱰᱨᱟᱭ&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lipton|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ|title=An Exaltation of Larks|date=1991|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0-670-30044-0|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ &quot;ᱥᱠᱚᱨᱤ&quot; ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;''Universe in Your Pocket'' by Joel Levy, published by Barnes &amp; Noble, Inc.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ==
[[File:Sciurus carolinensis -British Columbia, Canada-8.jpg|left|thumb|ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱱᱩᱭ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱟᱬᱜᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾]]
[[File:Ratufa skull.JPG|thumb|left|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Oriental giant squirrel|ᱳᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭન્ટ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''Ratufa'') ᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱝ—ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱜ [[zygomatic arch|ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱳᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[sciuromorphous]] ᱨᱩᱯ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾]]

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ [[African pygmy squirrel|ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱟᱨ [[least pygmy squirrel|ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱔ ᱥᱮ.ᱢᱤ. ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱒-᱒᱖ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ,&lt;ref name=Kingdon1997&gt;{{cite book | author=Kingdon, J. | author-link=Jonathan Kingdon | year=1997 | title=The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals | publisher=Academic Press Limited, London | isbn=0-12-408355-2 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/kingdonfieldguid00jona }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Payne1998&gt;{{cite book| author1=Payne, J. | author2=C.F. Francis | year=1998 | title=A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo | page=243 | publisher=The Sabah Society | edition=3 | isbn=967-99947-1-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ [[Bhutan giant flying squirrel|ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭન્ટ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱒᱗ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Choudhury2002&gt;{{cite journal | author=Choudhury, A. | year=2002 | title=Petaurista nobilis singhei: First record in India and a note on its taxonomy | journal=The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society | volume=99 | issue=1 | pages=30–34 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ [[marmot|ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱚᱴ]] ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Krystufek2013&gt;{{cite journal | author1=Kryštufek, B. | author2=B. Vohralík | year=2013 | title=Taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic rodents (Rodentia). Part 2. Sciuridae: Urocitellus, Marmota and Sciurotamias | journal=Lynx, N. S. (Praha) | volume=44 | pages=27–138 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Armitage2002&gt;{{cite book | author1=Armitage, K.B. | author2=Blumstein, D.T. | year=2002 | chapter=Body-mass diversity in marmots. Holarctic marmots as a factor of biodiversity | editor1=K.B. Armitage | editor2=V.Yu. Rumiantsev | title=Holarctic Marmots as a Factor of Biodiversity | publisher=ABF Publishing House | pages=22–32 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱴᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ [[fur|ᱩᱵ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱹᱬ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱳᱴᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wildlifeonline.me.uk/squirrels.html Tree Squirrels], ''Wildlife Online'', 23 November 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[thumb|ᱵᱩᱲᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ (pads) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ&lt;ref name=EoM&gt;Milton (1984)&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ [[claw|ᱨᱟᱢᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱨ [[tree climbing|ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱜᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/squirrel-info.htm|title=Rodents|date=22 April 2008|publisher=How Stuff Works|access-date=30 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ, [[Tree squirrels|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱬᱜᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱯᱟ ᱑᱘᱐ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Thorington|first1=Richard W.|last2=Koprowski|first2=John L.|last3=Steele|first3=Michael A.|last4=Whatton|first4=James F.|year=2012|page=8|title=Squirrels of the World|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-1-4214-0469-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ===
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Visual perception|ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱴᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ [[whiskers|ᱜᱩᱪᱩ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=EoM /&gt;

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[incisor|ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ]] (ᱜᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱤᱫᱤᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱩᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ $ \frac{1.0.1.3}{1.0.1.3} $ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;''The Beginning of the Age of Mammals'' Kenneth D. Rose (2006) {{ISBN|978-0-801-88472-6}} p. 326&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ===
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nutsaboutsquirrels.com/1695/why-do-squirrels-have-bushy-tails/|title=Why do squirrels have bushy tails? &amp;#124; Nuts About Squirrels}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭ, ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ, ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱟᱲᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱩᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱫᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ [[parachute|ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱥᱩᱴ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱤᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ [[fishing flies|ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Genova |first=Cosmo |date=2022-01-11 |title=How to Preserve a Squirrel Pelt For Fly Tying |url=https://www.fieldandstream.com/fishing/preserve-squirrel-pelt-fly-tying/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Field &amp; Stream |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Valla |first=Mike |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AVDDQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22squirrel+tail%22+%22guard+hair%22&amp;pg=PA45 |title=Tying and Fishing Bucktails and Other Hair Wings: Atlantic Salmon Flies to Steelhead Flies |date=2016-09-05 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8117-6532-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ==
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[rainforest|ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[desert|ᱛᱮᱛᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱛ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ [[Polar regions of Earth|ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[herbivorous|ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱢ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ  ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[insects|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ-ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;squirrels&quot;&gt;[http://www.squirrels.org/faq.html Squirrel Place] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227025300/http://www.squirrels.org/faq.html |date=27 December 2010 }}. squirrels.org. Retrieved 14 December 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Thorington|first1=Richard W.|last2=Koprowski|first2=John L.|last3=Steele|first3=Michael A.|last4=Whatton|first4=James F.|year=2012|page=12|title=Squirrels of the World|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-1-4214-0469-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱭ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[wildlife rehabilitator|ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.squirrel-rehab.org/|title=Squirrel Rehab|access-date=19 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ ᱛᱮ [[animal euthanasia|ᱜᱚᱡ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;200px&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;&gt;
File:Squirrel enjoying in the sun.jpg|ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel in Chandigarh.jpg|[[ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel near Chandigarh.jpg|ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel on mango tree.jpg|[[ᱩᱞ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ==
[[File:Baby of squirrel.jpg|thumb|upright|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ [[wikt:kit#Etymology_2|kits]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ]]
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱯᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[gestation|ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ]] ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱵ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱬᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[weaning|ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱚᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ, ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=EoM /&gt;

ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[Diurnality|ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱮ [[crepuscular|ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ-ᱥᱤᱢᱨᱟᱹ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=MassWild&gt;{{cite web|title=Red &amp; Gray Squirrels in Massachusetts|url=http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/wildlife/living/living_with_squirrels.htm|work=MassWildlife|publisher=Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife|access-date=3 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517191120/http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/wildlife/living/living_with_squirrels.htm|archive-date=17 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[Nocturnality|ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ— ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Törmälä | first=Timo | author2=Vuorinen, Hannu | author3=Hokkanen, Heikki | year=1980 | title=Timing of circadian activity in the flying squirrel in central Finland | journal=Acta Theriologica | volume=25 | issue=32–42 | pages=461–474 | doi=10.4098/at.arch.80-42 | doi-access=free |issn = 0001-7051 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[splooting|ᱥᱯᱞᱳᱴ]] (sploot) ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=McNamee|first=Kai|url=https://www.npr.org/2023/06/29/1185092056/squirrels-splooting-heat-wave-climate-change|title=The heat is making squirrels 'sploot' — a goofy act that signals something serious|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=June 29, 2023|access-date=August 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Andersson Krebs 1978 pp. 707–711&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Andersson | first1=Malte | last2=Krebs | first2=John | title=On the evolution of hoarding behaviour | journal=Animal Behaviour | volume=26 | year=1978 | issn=0003-3472 | doi=10.1016/0003-3472(78)90137-9 | pages=707–711| bibcode=1978AnBeh..26..707A | s2cid=53154232 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ-ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ (nuts) ᱠᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=HADJ-CHIKH | first1=LEILA Z. | last2=STEELE | first2=MICHAEL A. | last3=SMALLWOOD | first3=PETER D. | title=Caching decisions by grey squirrels: a test of the handling time and perishability hypotheses | journal=Animal Behaviour |  volume=52 | issue=5 | year=1996 | issn=0003-3472 | doi=10.1006/anbe.1996.0242 | pages=941–948| bibcode=1996AnBeh..52..941H | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱚᱫᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱣ (mold) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ, ᱥᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name =&quot;mould&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xiao | first1=Zhishu | last2=Gao | first2=Xu | last3=Zhang | first3=Zhibin | title=The combined effects of seed perishability and seed size on hoarding decisions by Pére David's rock squirrels | journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |  volume=67 | issue=7 | date=2013-04-05 | issn=0340-5443 | doi=10.1007/s00265-013-1531-8 | pages=1067–1075| bibcode=2013BEcoS..67.1067X | s2cid=253815798 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ, ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱸᱭᱮ (mushrooms) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name =&quot;mould&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xiao | first1=Zhishu | last2=Gao | first2=Xu | last3=Zhang | first3=Zhibin | title=The combined effects of seed perishability and seed size on hoarding decisions by Pére David's rock squirrels | journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |  volume=67 | issue=7 | date=2013-04-05 | issn=0340-5443 | doi=10.1007/s00265-013-1531-8 | pages=1067–1075| bibcode=2013BEcoS..67.1067X | s2cid=253815798 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱣ (fungal infections) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Cyclobalanopsis]], ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱲᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ (nuts) ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ecology) ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;fix nut&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xu | first1=Han | last2=Xia | first2=Lian | last3=Spence | first3=John R | last4=Lin | first4=Mingxian | last5=Lu | first5=Chunyang | last6=Li | first6=Yanpeng | last7=Chen | first7=Jie | last8=Luo | first8=Tushou | last9=Li | first9=Yide | last10=Fang | first10=Suqin | title=Flying squirrels use a mortise-tenon structure to fix nuts on understory twigs | journal=eLife |  volume=12 | date=2023-06-13 | article-number=e84967 | issn=2050-084X | doi=10.7554/elife.84967| pmid=37309191 | pmc=10328505 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ, [[particolored flying squirrel]] ᱟᱨ [[Hainan flying squirrel]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱟᱭᱟ (grooves), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱢᱤᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱚᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ-ᱴᱮᱱᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ' (mortise-tenon joint) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;fix nut&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xu | first1=Han | last2=Xia | first2=Lian | last3=Spence | first3=John R | last4=Lin | first4=Mingxian | last5=Lu | first5=Chunyang | last6=Li | first6=Yanpeng | last7=Chen | first7=Jie | last8=Luo | first8=Tushou | last9=Li | first9=Yide | last10=Fang | first10=Suqin | title=Flying squirrels use a mortise-tenon structure to fix nuts on understory twigs | journal=eLife |  volume=12 | date=2023-06-13 | article-number=e84967 | issn=2050-084X | doi=10.7554/elife.84967| pmid=37309191 | pmc=10328505 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ===
[[File:Squirrel, Manyara National Park, Tanzania (2010).jpg|thumb|right|[[Tanzania|ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Manyara National Park|ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]
[[File:Squirrel in Seurasaari autumn.JPG|thumb|right|[[Finland|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Helsinki|ᱦᱮᱞᱥᱤᱝᱠᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Seurasaari]] ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Red squirrel|ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Merja Laavola: Eläinten elintasosairaudet näkyvät Seurasaaressa. Vartti Etelä-Helsinki, Sanoma Kaupunkilehdet, 2010. (in Finnish)&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[File:Squirrel eating pumpkin seeds.webm|thumb|thumbtime=0|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[pumpkin|ᱠᱩᱢᱰᱟᱹ]] ᱡᱟᱝ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾]]

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[cellulose|ᱥᱮᱞᱩᱞᱳᱡᱽ]] (cellulose) ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[protein|ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱ]], [[carbohydrates|ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱮᱴᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[fat|ᱪᱚᱨᱵᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ-ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ [[Hoarding (animal behavior)|ᱩᱠᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ]] ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ (nuts) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ (buds) ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[herbivores|ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱢ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ, ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ, ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱠᱳᱱ (conifer cones), ᱡᱚ, ᱠᱟᱸᱭᱮ (fungi) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;squirrels&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |website=[[bbc.co.uk]] |access-date=13 July 2018 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4489792.stm |title=Russian squirrel pack 'kills dog' |date=1 December 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ [[bird|ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]], ᱵᱤᱧ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ-ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Richard W. Thorington, Katie Ferrell – [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7cuEWCWpLMC&amp;pg=PA75 ''Squirrels: the animal answer guide''], JHU Press, 2006, {{ISBN|0-8018-8402-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8018-8402-3}}, p. 75.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱯᱟᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱸ [[synanthropes]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱤᱱᱼᱟᱨᱵᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ' (synurbanization) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;peim&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Peiman |first1=Kathryn |title=Sublethal consequences of urban life for wild vertebrates |journal=Environmental Reviews |date=June 2016 |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=416–425 |doi=10.1139/er-2016-0029|bibcode=2016EnvRv..24..416B |hdl=1807/74036 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[New York City|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[Industrial Revolution|ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ- ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ), ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[thirteen-lined ground squirrel]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Friggens | first=M. | title=Carnivory on Desert Cottontails by Texas Antelope Ground Squirrels | jstor=3672818 | journal=The Southwestern Naturalist | volume=47 | issue=1 | pages=132–133 | year=2002 | doi=10.2307/3672818| bibcode=2002SWNat..47..132F }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱑᱙᱒᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱮᱭᱞᱤ (Bernard Bailey) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱞ-ᱯᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ (thirteen-lined ground squirrel) ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Bailey | first=B. | title=Meat-eating propensities of some rodents of Minnesota | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=4 | issue= 2| page=129 | year=1923 | doi = 10.1093/jmammal/4.2.129 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱣᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱱᱰ (Wistrand) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱵᱤᱧ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Wistrand | first=E.H. | title=Predation on a Snake by ''Spermophilus tridecemlineatus'' | jstor=2424389 | journal=American Midland Naturalist | volume=88 | issue=2 | pages=511–512 | year=1972 | doi=10.2307/2424389}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱸᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱒᱐᱐environment᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ [[Lazo, Russia|ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[dog|ᱥᱮᱛᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcn&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Russian Squirrel Pack Kills Dog |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4489792.stm |website=BBC News |date=December 2005 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Cornwall squirrel 'pack' attacks boy, three |work=BBC News |date=14 July 2016 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cornwall-36792959 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;atl1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lafrance |first1=Adrienne |title=When Squirrels Attack – A cautionary tale |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/when-squirrels-attack/531129/ |website=The Atlantic |date=21 June 2017 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱣᱤᱴᱮᱠᱚᱨ (Whitaker) ᱑᱓᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱞ-ᱯᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ (thirteen-lined ground squirrels) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ [[shrew|ᱪᱩᱸᱫᱽ]] (shrew) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ; ᱵᱨᱮᱰᱞᱤ (Bradley) ᱖᱐᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[white-tailed antelope squirrel|ᱯᱩᱸᱰ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱞᱳᱯ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱐% ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ (vertebrate) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ [[lizard|ᱪᱮᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Whitaker | first=J.O. | title=Food and external parasites of ''Spermophilus tridecemlineatus'' in Vigo County, Indiana | jstor=1379067 | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=53 | issue=3 | pages=644–648 | year=1972 | doi=10.2307/1379067}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Bradley | first=W. G. | title=Food habits of the antelope ground squirrel in southern Nevada | jstor=1377723 | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=49 | issue=1 | pages=14–21 | doi=10.2307/1377723 | year=1968}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱳᱨᱜᱟᱨᱴ (Morgart) ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱞᱳᱯ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ [[Perognathus flavus|ᱥᱤᱞᱠᱤ ᱯᱚᱠᱮᱴ ᱪᱩᱸᱫᱽ]] ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Morgart | first=J. R. | title=Carnivorous behavior by a white-tailed antelope ground squirrel ''Ammospermophilus leucurus'' | jstor=3670745 | journal=The Southwestern Naturalist | volume=30 | issue=2 | pages=304–305 | doi=10.2307/3670745 |date=May 1985| bibcode=1985SWNat..30..304M }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱭᱟᱥ ==
[[File:One squirrel open mouth.jpg|thumb|[[Cleveland Museum of Art|ᱠᱞᱤᱵᱽᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[fox squirrel|ᱯᱷᱚᱠᱥ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (''Sciurus niger'')]]
[[File:Taiwanrisu-2009.ogv|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ (''Callosciurus erythraeus thaiwanensis'')]]
[[File:Prevostova vjeverica u Zagrebu.2.jpg|thumb|[[Croatia|ᱠᱨᱳᱣᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Zagreb Zoo|ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱮᱵᱽ ᱪᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮ-ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ [[Prevost's Squirrel|ᱯᱨᱮᱵᱷᱳᱥᱴ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (''Callosciurus prevostii'')]]

ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[subfamilies|ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (subfamilies) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[genera|ᱜᱚᱱ]] (genera) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱒᱘᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[species|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] (species) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author1=Wilson, D.E. |author2=Reeder, D.M. | title=Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness | journal=Zootaxa| volume=3148| year=2011| pages=56–60|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.9 | url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p060.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ (fossil), ''Hesperopetes'', ᱫᱚ [[Chadronian]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱞᱮᱴ [[Eocene|ᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]], ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱔᱐–᱓᱕ [[million years ago|ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ]]), ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Emry | first1 = R. J. | last2 = Korth | first2 = W. W. | title = A new genus of squirrel (Rodentia, Sciuridae) from the mid-Cenozoic of North America | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 693–698 | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[693:ANGOSR]2.0.CO;2 | s2cid = 85847849 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[Miocene|ᱢᱟᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ &quot;ᱟᱹᱫᱤ-ᱛᱩᱲ&quot; (protosquirrels) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ (ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (North America) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = tolweb&gt;Steppan &amp; Hamm (2006)&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ (fossil) ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[phylogeny|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱛᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ]] (phylogeny) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: [[Ratufinae]] (Oriental giant squirrels), Sciurillinae ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱾ Ratufinae ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[Asia|ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[South America|ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel|ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱴᱨᱳᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱫᱚ Sciurillinae ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱬ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ (hypothesis) ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ [[evolutionary radiation|ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ [[Eurasia|ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ [[Africa|ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = tolweb /&gt;

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ: [[Callosciurinae]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ [[South East Asia|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ; [[Ratufinae]], ᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[South Asia|ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ; [[Sciurinae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[flying squirrel|ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (Pteromyini) ᱟᱨ [[Sciurini|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ;&lt;ref&gt;Steppan, S. J. B. L. Storz, and R. S. Hoffmann. 2004. [http://www.bio.fsu.edu/~steppan/Steppan_et_al_Sciuridae.pdf Nuclear DNA phylogeny of the squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia) and the evolution of arboreality from c-myc and RAG1]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30:703-719.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sciurillinae]], ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ; ᱟᱨ [[Xerinae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ [[Tribe (biology)|ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] (tribes) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Marmotini]] ([[marmot|ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱳᱴ]], [[chipmunk|ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ]], [[prairie dog|ᱯᱨᱮᱭᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ]], ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ), [[Xerini]] (ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ), ᱟᱨ [[Protoxerini]] (ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ) ᱾

=== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱭᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ===

* [[Basal (evolution)|ᱵᱮᱥᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ''[[incertae sedis]]'' Sciuridae (ᱡᱚᱛᱚ [[fossil|ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ]])
** ''[[Hesperopetes]]''
** ''[[Kherem (genus)|Kherem]]''
** ''[[Lagrivea]]''
** ''[[Oligosciurus]]''
** ''[[Plesiosciurus]]''
** ''[[Prospermophilus]]''
** ''[[Sciurion]]''
** ''[[Similisciurus]]''
** ''[[Sinotamias]]''
** ''[[Vulcanisciurus]]''
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Cedromurinae]] (ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Ratufinae]] – ᱳᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱔ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurillinae]] – ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱴᱨᱳᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ ([[monotypic|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱱ]])
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurinae]]
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Sciurini]] – ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱕ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱓᱘ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Pteromyini]] – ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑᱕ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱔᱕ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Callosciurinae]] – ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Callosciurini]] (᱑᱓ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱖᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Funambulini]] ᱛᱟᱞᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ/ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱕ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Xerinae]] – ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Xerini]] – ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱓ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱖ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Protoxerini]] (᱖ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱕᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Marmotini]] – ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ, ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱳᱴ, ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ, ᱯᱨᱮᱭᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ (᱖ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱙᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)

== ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ==
{{main|Tree squirrel#Relationship with humans}}

== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
{{Portal|Mammals}}
* [[List of animal names#squirrel|ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ#ᱛᱩᱲ]]
* ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease]] ([[Kuru (disease)|ᱠᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ]]) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Blakeslee |first1=Sandra |title=Kentucky Doctors Warn Against a Regional Dish: Squirrels' Brains |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/29/us/kentucky-doctors-warn-against-a-regional-dish-squirrels-brains.html |access-date=18 April 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=29 August 1997}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.livescience.com/63831-squirrel-brains-rare-disorder-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.html |title=Man Dies from Extremely Rare Disease After Eating Squirrel Brains |first1=Rachael |last1=Rettner |date=October 15, 2018 |publisher=[[LiveScience]] |access-date=April 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Anchor|Notes|reason=&quot;Notes&quot; is the old section name, which was changed to &quot;References&quot; on 6 June 2018}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Anchor|References|reason=&quot;References&quot; is the old section name, which was changed to &quot;Further reading&quot; on 6 June 2018}}

== ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{cite book| last1 = Whitaker | first1= John O. Jr. |last2= Elman|first2=Robert|date=1980|title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals|edition=2nd|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf, Jr.| location = New York|isbn=0-394-50762-2}}

== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
* Milton, Katherine (1984): &quot;Family Sciuridae&quot;. In: Macdonald, D. (ed.): ''The Encyclopedia of Mammals'': 612–623. Facts on File, New York. {{ISBN|0-87196-871-1}}.
* Steppan, Scott J. and Hamm, Shawn M. (2006): [[Tree of Life Web Project]] – [http://tolweb.org/Sciuridae/16456/2006.05.13 &quot;Sciuridae (Squirrels)&quot;]. Version of 13 May 2006. Retrieved 10 December 2007.
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Steppan | first1 = S. J. | last2 = Storz | first2 = B. L. | last3 = Hoffmann | first3 = R. S. | doi = 10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00204-5 | title = Nuclear DNA phylogeny of the squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia) and the evolution of arboreality from c-myc and RAG1 | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 703–719 | year = 2004 | pmid =  15012949| bibcode = 2004MolPE..30..703S }}
* Thorington, R.W. and Hoffmann, R.S. (2005): &quot;Family Sciuridae&quot;. In: ''Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'': 754–818. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons|Sciuridae}}
{{Wikispecies|Sciuridae}}
{{Wiktionary|squirrel}}
* {{wikiquote-inline}}
* [http://tolweb.org/Sciuridae/16456 ᱴᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷ: Sciuridae]
* [http://northernbushcraft.com/animalTracks/squirrel/notes.htm ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ]: ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070614105921/http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/squirrel.html ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131206211135/http://squirrels.org/names.html ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]

{{Rodents}}
{{S. Ratufinae-Sciurillinae nav}}
{{S. Callosciurinae nav}}
{{S. Sciurinae1 nav}}
{{S. Sciurinae2 nav}}
{{S. Xerinae nav}}
{{Marmotini nav}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q9482}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:ᱛᱩᱲ| ]]
[[Category:Sciuromorpha]]
[[Category:ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱠᱞᱤᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:Extant Eocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Rodents by common name]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>191338</id>
      <parentid>191333</parentid>
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      <text bytes="55732" sha1="367ycmodu2u4isz2wrt5chkhkupoh7c" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{About|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱛᱩᱲ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Eocene|Recent|Late [[Eocene]] – Recent}}
| image = Sciuridae.jpg
| image_upright = 1.15
| image_caption = Sciuridae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ

{{aligned table|cols=3
 | ''[[Prevost's squirrel|Callosciurus prevostii]]'' | ''[[Siberian chipmunk|Eutamias sibiricus]]'' | ''[[American red squirrel|Tamiasciurus hudsonicus]]''
 | ''[[Fox squirrel|Sciurus niger]]'' | ''[[Urocitellus columbianus]]''  | ''[[Smith's bush squirrel|Paraxerus cepapi]]''
 | ''[[Cape ground squirrel|Geosciurus inauris]]'' | ''[[Marmot]]a'' sp.  | ''[[Black-tailed prairie dog|Cynomys ludovicianus]]''
}}
| taxon = Sciuridae
| authority = [[Johann Fischer von Waldheim|Fischer de Waldheim]], 1817
| type_genus = ''[[Sciurus]]''
| type_genus_authority = [[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|Linnaeus]], 1758
| subdivision_ranks = ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = * ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Ratufinae]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurillinae]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Sciurini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Pteromyini]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Callosciurinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Callosciurini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Funambulini]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Xerinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Xerini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Protoxerini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Marmotini]]
| range_map = File:Sciuridae distribution.png
| range_map_caption = Sciuridae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ
}}

'''ᱛᱩᱲ''' (ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ-'''Sciuridae)'''  ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[tree squirrel|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]], [[ground squirrel|ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[chipmunk|ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[prairie dog|ᱯᱨᱮᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ), ᱟᱨ [[flying squirrel|ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ [[introduced species|ᱤᱫᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=Seebeck&gt;{{cite web|last=Seebeck|first=J. H.|title=Sciuridae|url=http://www.scarysquirrel.org/vacation/australia/fauna.pdf|work=Fauna of Australia|access-date=2013-11-24|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117031835/http://www.scarysquirrel.org/vacation/australia/fauna.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱵᱽᱼᱡᱟᱹᱥᱤ  ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[mountain beaver|ᱢᱟᱶᱴᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[dormouse|ᱰᱳᱨᱢᱟᱣᱩᱥ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kay |first1=Emily H. |last2=Hoekstra |first2=Hopi E. |date=20 May 2008 |title=Rodents |journal=Current Biology |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=R406–R410 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.019 |pmid=18492466 |bibcode=2008CBio...18.R406K |issn=0960-9822}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
''ᱥᱠᱩᱣᱟᱨᱮᱞ (Squirrel'') ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱑᱓᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱮᱝᱜᱽᱞᱳ-ᱱᱳᱨᱢᱟᱱ {{lang|xno|esquirel}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ {{lang|fro|escureil}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Squirrel|encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|year=1933|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120833/page/n368/mode/1up |via=[[Internet Archive]]|publisher=The Clarendon Press |publication-place=Oxford, UK |edition=1 Corrected re-issue |volume=10 (Sole–Sz) |page=749 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|la|sciurus}} ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;/&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|grc|σκίουρος}} ({{transliteration|grc|skiouros}}; {{lang|grc|σκιᾱ́}} ('ᱩᱢᱩᱞ') ᱟᱨ {{lang|grc|οὐᱨᾱ́}} ('ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ') ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;/&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱚ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia =[[The Oxford English Dictionary]] | title = squirrel, ''n''. | url = http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50235460 | access-date =8 November 2010 | edition = 2nd. | year = 1989 | publisher = Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Whitaker|Elman|1980|p=370}} ''Sciurus'' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ (genera) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{sfn|Whitaker|Elman|1980|p=370}}

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|ang|ācweorna}} ᱫᱚ [[Middle English language|ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱞ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]] ᱨᱮ {{lang|enm|aquerne}} ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1913_aquerne&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Aquerne|encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |publisher=The Clarendon Press |publication-place=Oxford, UK |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99992/page/n460/mode/1up |via=[[Internet Archive]] |year=1913 |volume=1 (A–B) |edition=1 Corrected re-issue, 1970 reprint |page=422 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[Common Germanic|ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[Germanic languages|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - [[German language|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ]] {{lang|de|Eichhörnchen}}; [[Norwegian language|ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] {{lang|no|ikorn}}/{{lang|no|ekorn}}; [[Dutch language|ᱰᱟᱪ]] {{lang|nl|eekhoorn}}; [[Swedish language|ᱥᱩᱭᱰᱤᱥ]] {{lang|sv|ekorre}} ᱟᱨ [[Danish language|ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱥ]] {{lang|da|egern}} ᱾

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Terms of venery|ᱜᱩᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ &quot;ᱰᱨᱟᱭ&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lipton|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ|title=An Exaltation of Larks|date=1991|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0-670-30044-0|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ &quot;ᱥᱠᱚᱨᱤ&quot; ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;''Universe in Your Pocket'' by Joel Levy, published by Barnes &amp; Noble, Inc.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ==
[[File:Sciurus carolinensis -British Columbia, Canada-8.jpg|left|thumb|ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱱᱩᱭ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱟᱬᱜᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾]]
[[File:Ratufa skull.JPG|thumb|left|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Oriental giant squirrel|ᱳᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭન્ટ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''Ratufa'') ᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱝ—ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱜ [[zygomatic arch|ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱳᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[sciuromorphous]] ᱨᱩᱯ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾]]

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ [[African pygmy squirrel|ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱟᱨ [[least pygmy squirrel|ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱔ ᱥᱮ.ᱢᱤ. ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱒-᱒᱖ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ,&lt;ref name=Kingdon1997&gt;{{cite book | author=Kingdon, J. | author-link=Jonathan Kingdon | year=1997 | title=The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals | publisher=Academic Press Limited, London | isbn=0-12-408355-2 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/kingdonfieldguid00jona }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Payne1998&gt;{{cite book| author1=Payne, J. | author2=C.F. Francis | year=1998 | title=A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo | page=243 | publisher=The Sabah Society | edition=3 | isbn=967-99947-1-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ [[Bhutan giant flying squirrel|ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭન્ટ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱒᱗ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Choudhury2002&gt;{{cite journal | author=Choudhury, A. | year=2002 | title=Petaurista nobilis singhei: First record in India and a note on its taxonomy | journal=The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society | volume=99 | issue=1 | pages=30–34 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ [[marmot|ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱚᱴ]] ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Krystufek2013&gt;{{cite journal | author1=Kryštufek, B. | author2=B. Vohralík | year=2013 | title=Taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic rodents (Rodentia). Part 2. Sciuridae: Urocitellus, Marmota and Sciurotamias | journal=Lynx, N. S. (Praha) | volume=44 | pages=27–138 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Armitage2002&gt;{{cite book | author1=Armitage, K.B. | author2=Blumstein, D.T. | year=2002 | chapter=Body-mass diversity in marmots. Holarctic marmots as a factor of biodiversity | editor1=K.B. Armitage | editor2=V.Yu. Rumiantsev | title=Holarctic Marmots as a Factor of Biodiversity | publisher=ABF Publishing House | pages=22–32 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱴᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ [[fur|ᱩᱵ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱹᱬ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱳᱴᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wildlifeonline.me.uk/squirrels.html Tree Squirrels], ''Wildlife Online'', 23 November 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[thumb|ᱵᱩᱲᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ (pads) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ&lt;ref name=EoM&gt;Milton (1984)&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ [[claw|ᱨᱟᱢᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱨ [[tree climbing|ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱜᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/squirrel-info.htm|title=Rodents|date=22 April 2008|publisher=How Stuff Works|access-date=30 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ, [[Tree squirrels|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱬᱜᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱯᱟ ᱑᱘᱐ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Thorington|first1=Richard W.|last2=Koprowski|first2=John L.|last3=Steele|first3=Michael A.|last4=Whatton|first4=James F.|year=2012|page=8|title=Squirrels of the World|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-1-4214-0469-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ===
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Visual perception|ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱴᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ [[whiskers|ᱜᱩᱪᱩ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=EoM /&gt;

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[incisor|ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ]] (ᱜᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱤᱫᱤᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱩᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ $ \frac{1.0.1.3}{1.0.1.3} $ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;''The Beginning of the Age of Mammals'' Kenneth D. Rose (2006) {{ISBN|978-0-801-88472-6}} p. 326&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ===
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nutsaboutsquirrels.com/1695/why-do-squirrels-have-bushy-tails/|title=Why do squirrels have bushy tails? &amp;#124; Nuts About Squirrels}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭ, ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ, ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱟᱲᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱩᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱫᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ [[parachute|ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱥᱩᱴ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱤᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ [[fishing flies|ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Genova |first=Cosmo |date=2022-01-11 |title=How to Preserve a Squirrel Pelt For Fly Tying |url=https://www.fieldandstream.com/fishing/preserve-squirrel-pelt-fly-tying/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Field &amp; Stream |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Valla |first=Mike |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AVDDQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22squirrel+tail%22+%22guard+hair%22&amp;pg=PA45 |title=Tying and Fishing Bucktails and Other Hair Wings: Atlantic Salmon Flies to Steelhead Flies |date=2016-09-05 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8117-6532-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ==
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[rainforest|ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[desert|ᱛᱮᱛᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱛ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ [[Polar regions of Earth|ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[herbivorous|ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱢ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ  ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[insects|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ-ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;squirrels&quot;&gt;[http://www.squirrels.org/faq.html Squirrel Place] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227025300/http://www.squirrels.org/faq.html |date=27 December 2010 }}. squirrels.org. Retrieved 14 December 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Thorington|first1=Richard W.|last2=Koprowski|first2=John L.|last3=Steele|first3=Michael A.|last4=Whatton|first4=James F.|year=2012|page=12|title=Squirrels of the World|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-1-4214-0469-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱭ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[wildlife rehabilitator|ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.squirrel-rehab.org/|title=Squirrel Rehab|access-date=19 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ ᱛᱮ [[animal euthanasia|ᱜᱚᱡ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;200px&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;&gt;
File:Squirrel enjoying in the sun.jpg|ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel in Chandigarh.jpg|[[ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel near Chandigarh.jpg|ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel on mango tree.jpg|[[ᱩᱞ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ==
[[File:Baby of squirrel.jpg|thumb|upright|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ [[wikt:kit#Etymology_2|kits]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ]]
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱯᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[gestation|ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ]] ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱵ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱬᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[weaning|ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱚᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ, ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=EoM /&gt;

ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[Diurnality|ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱮ [[crepuscular|ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ-ᱥᱤᱢᱨᱟᱹ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=MassWild&gt;{{cite web|title=Red &amp; Gray Squirrels in Massachusetts|url=http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/wildlife/living/living_with_squirrels.htm|work=MassWildlife|publisher=Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife|access-date=3 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517191120/http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/wildlife/living/living_with_squirrels.htm|archive-date=17 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[Nocturnality|ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ— ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Törmälä | first=Timo | author2=Vuorinen, Hannu | author3=Hokkanen, Heikki | year=1980 | title=Timing of circadian activity in the flying squirrel in central Finland | journal=Acta Theriologica | volume=25 | issue=32–42 | pages=461–474 | doi=10.4098/at.arch.80-42 | doi-access=free |issn = 0001-7051 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱵᱮᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=McNamee|first=Kai|url=https://www.npr.org/2023/06/29/1185092056/squirrels-splooting-heat-wave-climate-change|title=The heat is making squirrels 'sploot' — a goofy act that signals something serious|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=June 29, 2023|access-date=August 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Andersson Krebs 1978 pp. 707–711&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Andersson | first1=Malte | last2=Krebs | first2=John | title=On the evolution of hoarding behaviour | journal=Animal Behaviour | volume=26 | year=1978 | issn=0003-3472 | doi=10.1016/0003-3472(78)90137-9 | pages=707–711| bibcode=1978AnBeh..26..707A | s2cid=53154232 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ-ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=HADJ-CHIKH | first1=LEILA Z. | last2=STEELE | first2=MICHAEL A. | last3=SMALLWOOD | first3=PETER D. | title=Caching decisions by grey squirrels: a test of the handling time and perishability hypotheses | journal=Animal Behaviour |  volume=52 | issue=5 | year=1996 | issn=0003-3472 | doi=10.1006/anbe.1996.0242 | pages=941–948| bibcode=1996AnBeh..52..941H | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱚᱫᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱣ  ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ, ᱥᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name =&quot;mould&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xiao | first1=Zhishu | last2=Gao | first2=Xu | last3=Zhang | first3=Zhibin | title=The combined effects of seed perishability and seed size on hoarding decisions by Pére David's rock squirrels | journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |  volume=67 | issue=7 | date=2013-04-05 | issn=0340-5443 | doi=10.1007/s00265-013-1531-8 | pages=1067–1075| bibcode=2013BEcoS..67.1067X | s2cid=253815798 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ, ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱸᱭᱮ (mushrooms) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name =&quot;mould&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xiao | first1=Zhishu | last2=Gao | first2=Xu | last3=Zhang | first3=Zhibin | title=The combined effects of seed perishability and seed size on hoarding decisions by Pére David's rock squirrels | journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |  volume=67 | issue=7 | date=2013-04-05 | issn=0340-5443 | doi=10.1007/s00265-013-1531-8 | pages=1067–1075| bibcode=2013BEcoS..67.1067X | s2cid=253815798 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Cyclobalanopsis]], ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱲᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;fix nut&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xu | first1=Han | last2=Xia | first2=Lian | last3=Spence | first3=John R | last4=Lin | first4=Mingxian | last5=Lu | first5=Chunyang | last6=Li | first6=Yanpeng | last7=Chen | first7=Jie | last8=Luo | first8=Tushou | last9=Li | first9=Yide | last10=Fang | first10=Suqin | title=Flying squirrels use a mortise-tenon structure to fix nuts on understory twigs | journal=eLife |  volume=12 | date=2023-06-13 | article-number=e84967 | issn=2050-084X | doi=10.7554/elife.84967| pmid=37309191 | pmc=10328505 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ, [[particolored flying squirrel]] ᱟᱨ [[Hainan flying squirrel]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱢᱤᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱚᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ-ᱴᱮᱱᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ' ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;fix nut&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xu | first1=Han | last2=Xia | first2=Lian | last3=Spence | first3=John R | last4=Lin | first4=Mingxian | last5=Lu | first5=Chunyang | last6=Li | first6=Yanpeng | last7=Chen | first7=Jie | last8=Luo | first8=Tushou | last9=Li | first9=Yide | last10=Fang | first10=Suqin | title=Flying squirrels use a mortise-tenon structure to fix nuts on understory twigs | journal=eLife |  volume=12 | date=2023-06-13 | article-number=e84967 | issn=2050-084X | doi=10.7554/elife.84967| pmid=37309191 | pmc=10328505 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ===
[[File:Squirrel, Manyara National Park, Tanzania (2010).jpg|thumb|right|[[Tanzania|ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Manyara National Park|ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]
[[File:Squirrel in Seurasaari autumn.JPG|thumb|right|[[Finland|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Helsinki|ᱦᱮᱞᱥᱤᱝᱠᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Seurasaari]] ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Red squirrel|ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Merja Laavola: Eläinten elintasosairaudet näkyvät Seurasaaressa. Vartti Etelä-Helsinki, Sanoma Kaupunkilehdet, 2010. (in Finnish)&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[File:Squirrel eating pumpkin seeds.webm|thumb|thumbtime=0|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[pumpkin|ᱠᱩᱢᱰᱟᱹ]] ᱡᱟᱝ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾]]

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱩᱞᱳᱡᱽ (cellulose) ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[protein|ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱ]], [[carbohydrates|ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱮᱴᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[fat|ᱪᱚᱨᱵᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ-ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ [[Hoarding (animal behavior)|ᱩᱠᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ]] ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ (buds) ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[herbivores|ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱢ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ, ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ, ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱠᱳᱱ, ᱡᱚ, ᱠᱟᱸᱭᱮ  ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;squirrels&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |website=[[bbc.co.uk]] |access-date=13 July 2018 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4489792.stm |title=Russian squirrel pack 'kills dog' |date=1 December 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ [[bird|ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]], ᱵᱤᱧ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ-ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Richard W. Thorington, Katie Ferrell – [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7cuEWCWpLMC&amp;pg=PA75 ''Squirrels: the animal answer guide''], JHU Press, 2006, {{ISBN|0-8018-8402-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8018-8402-3}}, p. 75.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱯᱟᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱸ [[synanthropes]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱤᱱᱼᱟᱨᱵᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ' (synurbanization) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;peim&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Peiman |first1=Kathryn |title=Sublethal consequences of urban life for wild vertebrates |journal=Environmental Reviews |date=June 2016 |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=416–425 |doi=10.1139/er-2016-0029|bibcode=2016EnvRv..24..416B |hdl=1807/74036 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[New York City|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[Industrial Revolution|ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ- ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ), ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[thirteen-lined ground squirrel]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Friggens | first=M. | title=Carnivory on Desert Cottontails by Texas Antelope Ground Squirrels | jstor=3672818 | journal=The Southwestern Naturalist | volume=47 | issue=1 | pages=132–133 | year=2002 | doi=10.2307/3672818| bibcode=2002SWNat..47..132F }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱑᱙᱒᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱮᱭᱞᱤ (Bernard Bailey) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱞ-ᱯᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ (thirteen-lined ground squirrel) ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Bailey | first=B. | title=Meat-eating propensities of some rodents of Minnesota | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=4 | issue= 2| page=129 | year=1923 | doi = 10.1093/jmammal/4.2.129 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱣᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱱᱰ  ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱵᱤᱧ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Wistrand | first=E.H. | title=Predation on a Snake by ''Spermophilus tridecemlineatus'' | jstor=2424389 | journal=American Midland Naturalist | volume=88 | issue=2 | pages=511–512 | year=1972 | doi=10.2307/2424389}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱸᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱒᱐᱐environment᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ [[Lazo, Russia|ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[dog|ᱥᱮᱛᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcn&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Russian Squirrel Pack Kills Dog |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4489792.stm |website=BBC News |date=December 2005 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Cornwall squirrel 'pack' attacks boy, three |work=BBC News |date=14 July 2016 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cornwall-36792959 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;atl1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lafrance |first1=Adrienne |title=When Squirrels Attack – A cautionary tale |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/when-squirrels-attack/531129/ |website=The Atlantic |date=21 June 2017 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱣᱤᱴᱮᱠᱚᱨ  ᱑᱓᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱞ-ᱯᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ (thirteen-lined ground squirrels) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ [[shrew|ᱪᱩᱸᱫᱽ]]  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ; ᱵᱨᱮᱰᱞᱤ (Bradley) ᱖᱐᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[white-tailed antelope squirrel|ᱯᱩᱸᱰ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱞᱳᱯ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱐% ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ  ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ [[lizard|ᱪᱮᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Whitaker | first=J.O. | title=Food and external parasites of ''Spermophilus tridecemlineatus'' in Vigo County, Indiana | jstor=1379067 | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=53 | issue=3 | pages=644–648 | year=1972 | doi=10.2307/1379067}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Bradley | first=W. G. | title=Food habits of the antelope ground squirrel in southern Nevada | jstor=1377723 | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=49 | issue=1 | pages=14–21 | doi=10.2307/1377723 | year=1968}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱳᱨᱜᱟᱨᱴ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱞᱳᱯ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ [[Perognathus flavus|ᱥᱤᱞᱠᱤ ᱯᱚᱠᱮᱴ ᱪᱩᱸᱫᱽ]] ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Morgart | first=J. R. | title=Carnivorous behavior by a white-tailed antelope ground squirrel ''Ammospermophilus leucurus'' | jstor=3670745 | journal=The Southwestern Naturalist | volume=30 | issue=2 | pages=304–305 | doi=10.2307/3670745 |date=May 1985| bibcode=1985SWNat..30..304M }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱭᱟᱥ ==
[[File:One squirrel open mouth.jpg|thumb|[[Cleveland Museum of Art|ᱠᱞᱤᱵᱽᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[fox squirrel|ᱯᱷᱚᱠᱥ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (''Sciurus niger'')]]
[[File:Taiwanrisu-2009.ogv|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ (''Callosciurus erythraeus thaiwanensis'')]]
[[File:Prevostova vjeverica u Zagrebu.2.jpg|thumb|[[Croatia|ᱠᱨᱳᱣᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Zagreb Zoo|ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱮᱵᱽ ᱪᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮ-ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ [[Prevost's Squirrel|ᱯᱨᱮᱵᱷᱳᱥᱴ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (''Callosciurus prevostii'')]]

ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[subfamilies|ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (subfamilies) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[genera|ᱜᱚᱱ]] (genera) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱒᱘᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[species|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] (species) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author1=Wilson, D.E. |author2=Reeder, D.M. | title=Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness | journal=Zootaxa| volume=3148| year=2011| pages=56–60|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.9 | url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p060.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ (fossil), ''Hesperopetes'', ᱫᱚ [[Chadronian]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱞᱮᱴ [[Eocene|ᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]], ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱔᱐–᱓᱕ [[million years ago|ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ]]), ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Emry | first1 = R. J. | last2 = Korth | first2 = W. W. | title = A new genus of squirrel (Rodentia, Sciuridae) from the mid-Cenozoic of North America | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 693–698 | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[693:ANGOSR]2.0.CO;2 | s2cid = 85847849 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[Miocene|ᱢᱟᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ &quot;ᱟᱹᱫᱤ-ᱛᱩᱲ&quot; ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ (ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ  ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = tolweb&gt;Steppan &amp; Hamm (2006)&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ (fossil) ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[phylogeny|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱛᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ]] (phylogeny) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: [[Ratufinae]] (Oriental giant squirrels), Sciurillinae ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱾ Ratufinae ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[Asia|ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[South America|ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel|ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱴᱨᱳᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱫᱚ Sciurillinae ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱬ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ  ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ [[evolutionary radiation|ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ [[Eurasia|ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ [[Africa|ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = tolweb /&gt;

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ: [[Callosciurinae]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ [[South East Asia|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ; [[Ratufinae]], ᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[South Asia|ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ; [[Sciurinae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[flying squirrel|ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (Pteromyini) ᱟᱨ [[Sciurini|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ;&lt;ref&gt;Steppan, S. J. B. L. Storz, and R. S. Hoffmann. 2004. [http://www.bio.fsu.edu/~steppan/Steppan_et_al_Sciuridae.pdf Nuclear DNA phylogeny of the squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia) and the evolution of arboreality from c-myc and RAG1]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30:703-719.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sciurillinae]], ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ; ᱟᱨ [[Xerinae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ [[Tribe (biology)|ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] (tribes) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Marmotini]] ([[marmot|ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱳᱴ]], [[chipmunk|ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ]], [[prairie dog|ᱯᱨᱮᱭᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ]], ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ), [[Xerini]] (ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ), ᱟᱨ [[Protoxerini]] (ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ) ᱾

=== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱭᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ===

* [[Basal (evolution)|ᱵᱮᱥᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ''[[incertae sedis]]'' Sciuridae (ᱡᱚᱛᱚ [[fossil|ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ]])
** ''[[Hesperopetes]]''
** ''[[Kherem (genus)|Kherem]]''
** ''[[Lagrivea]]''
** ''[[Oligosciurus]]''
** ''[[Plesiosciurus]]''
** ''[[Prospermophilus]]''
** ''[[Sciurion]]''
** ''[[Similisciurus]]''
** ''[[Sinotamias]]''
** ''[[Vulcanisciurus]]''
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Cedromurinae]] (ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Ratufinae]] – ᱳᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱔ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurillinae]] – ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱴᱨᱳᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ ([[monotypic|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱱ]])
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurinae]]
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Sciurini]] – ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱕ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱓᱘ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Pteromyini]] – ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑᱕ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱔᱕ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Callosciurinae]] – ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Callosciurini]] (᱑᱓ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱖᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Funambulini]] ᱛᱟᱞᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ/ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱕ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Xerinae]] – ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Xerini]] – ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱓ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱖ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Protoxerini]] (᱖ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱕᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Marmotini]] – ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ, ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱳᱴ, ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ, ᱯᱨᱮᱭᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ (᱖ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱙᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)

== ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ==
{{main|Tree squirrel#Relationship with humans}}

== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
{{Portal|Mammals}}
* [[List of animal names#squirrel|ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ#ᱛᱩᱲ]]
* ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease]] ([[Kuru (disease)|ᱠᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ]]) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Blakeslee |first1=Sandra |title=Kentucky Doctors Warn Against a Regional Dish: Squirrels' Brains |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/29/us/kentucky-doctors-warn-against-a-regional-dish-squirrels-brains.html |access-date=18 April 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=29 August 1997}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.livescience.com/63831-squirrel-brains-rare-disorder-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.html |title=Man Dies from Extremely Rare Disease After Eating Squirrel Brains |first1=Rachael |last1=Rettner |date=October 15, 2018 |publisher=[[LiveScience]] |access-date=April 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Anchor|Notes|reason=&quot;Notes&quot; is the old section name, which was changed to &quot;References&quot; on 6 June 2018}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Anchor|References|reason=&quot;References&quot; is the old section name, which was changed to &quot;Further reading&quot; on 6 June 2018}}

== ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{cite book| last1 = Whitaker | first1= John O. Jr. |last2= Elman|first2=Robert|date=1980|title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals|edition=2nd|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf, Jr.| location = New York|isbn=0-394-50762-2}}

== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
* Milton, Katherine (1984): &quot;Family Sciuridae&quot;. In: Macdonald, D. (ed.): ''The Encyclopedia of Mammals'': 612–623. Facts on File, New York. {{ISBN|0-87196-871-1}}.
* Steppan, Scott J. and Hamm, Shawn M. (2006): [[Tree of Life Web Project]] – [http://tolweb.org/Sciuridae/16456/2006.05.13 &quot;Sciuridae (Squirrels)&quot;]. Version of 13 May 2006. Retrieved 10 December 2007.
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Steppan | first1 = S. J. | last2 = Storz | first2 = B. L. | last3 = Hoffmann | first3 = R. S. | doi = 10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00204-5 | title = Nuclear DNA phylogeny of the squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia) and the evolution of arboreality from c-myc and RAG1 | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 703–719 | year = 2004 | pmid =  15012949| bibcode = 2004MolPE..30..703S }}
* Thorington, R.W. and Hoffmann, R.S. (2005): &quot;Family Sciuridae&quot;. In: ''Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'': 754–818. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons|Sciuridae}}
{{Wikispecies|Sciuridae}}
{{Wiktionary|squirrel}}
* {{wikiquote-inline}}
* [http://tolweb.org/Sciuridae/16456 ᱴᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷ: Sciuridae]
* [http://northernbushcraft.com/animalTracks/squirrel/notes.htm ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ]: ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070614105921/http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/squirrel.html ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131206211135/http://squirrels.org/names.html ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]

{{Rodents}}
{{S. Ratufinae-Sciurillinae nav}}
{{S. Callosciurinae nav}}
{{S. Sciurinae1 nav}}
{{S. Sciurinae2 nav}}
{{S. Xerinae nav}}
{{Marmotini nav}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q9482}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:ᱛᱩᱲ| ]]
[[Category:Sciuromorpha]]
[[Category:ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱠᱞᱤᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:Extant Eocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Rodents by common name]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim]]</text>
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      <parentid>191338</parentid>
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      <text bytes="55500" sha1="nj5wdbxb61l33d2cdp1ebq5cxkfbz39" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱛᱩᱲ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Eocene|Recent|Late [[Eocene]] – Recent}}
| image = Sciuridae.jpg
| image_upright = 1.15
| image_caption = Sciuridae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ

{{aligned table|cols=3
 | ''[[Prevost's squirrel|Callosciurus prevostii]]'' | ''[[Siberian chipmunk|Eutamias sibiricus]]'' | ''[[American red squirrel|Tamiasciurus hudsonicus]]''
 | ''[[Fox squirrel|Sciurus niger]]'' | ''[[Urocitellus columbianus]]''  | ''[[Smith's bush squirrel|Paraxerus cepapi]]''
 | ''[[Cape ground squirrel|Geosciurus inauris]]'' | ''[[Marmot]]a'' sp.  | ''[[Black-tailed prairie dog|Cynomys ludovicianus]]''
}}
| taxon = Sciuridae
| authority = [[Johann Fischer von Waldheim|Fischer de Waldheim]], 1817
| type_genus = ''[[Sciurus]]''
| type_genus_authority = [[ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ|Linnaeus]], 1758
| subdivision_ranks = ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = * ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Ratufinae]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurillinae]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Sciurini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Pteromyini]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Callosciurinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Callosciurini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Funambulini]]
* ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Xerinae]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Xerini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Protoxerini]]
** ᱜᱩᱴ [[Marmotini]]
| range_map = File:Sciuridae distribution.png
| range_map_caption = Sciuridae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ
}}

'''ᱛᱩᱲ''' (ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ-'''Sciuridae)'''  ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[tree squirrel|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]], [[ground squirrel|ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[chipmunk|ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[prairie dog|ᱯᱨᱮᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ), ᱟᱨ [[flying squirrel|ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ [[introduced species|ᱤᱫᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=Seebeck&gt;{{cite web|last=Seebeck|first=J. H.|title=Sciuridae|url=http://www.scarysquirrel.org/vacation/australia/fauna.pdf|work=Fauna of Australia|access-date=2013-11-24|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117031835/http://www.scarysquirrel.org/vacation/australia/fauna.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱵᱽᱼᱡᱟᱹᱥᱤ  ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[mountain beaver|ᱢᱟᱶᱴᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[dormouse|ᱰᱳᱨᱢᱟᱣᱩᱥ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kay |first1=Emily H. |last2=Hoekstra |first2=Hopi E. |date=20 May 2008 |title=Rodents |journal=Current Biology |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=R406–R410 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.019 |pmid=18492466 |bibcode=2008CBio...18.R406K |issn=0960-9822}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
''ᱥᱠᱩᱣᱟᱨᱮᱞ (Squirrel'') ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱑᱓᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱮᱝᱜᱽᱞᱳ-ᱱᱳᱨᱢᱟᱱ {{lang|xno|esquirel}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ {{lang|fro|escureil}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Squirrel|encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|year=1933|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120833/page/n368/mode/1up |via=[[Internet Archive]]|publisher=The Clarendon Press |publication-place=Oxford, UK |edition=1 Corrected re-issue |volume=10 (Sole–Sz) |page=749 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|la|sciurus}} ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;/&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|grc|σκίουρος}} ({{transliteration|grc|skiouros}}; {{lang|grc|σκιᾱ́}} ('ᱩᱢᱩᱞ') ᱟᱨ {{lang|grc|οὐᱨᾱ́}} ('ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ') ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1933_squirrel&quot;/&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱚ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia =[[The Oxford English Dictionary]] | title = squirrel, ''n''. | url = http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50235460 | access-date =8 November 2010 | edition = 2nd. | year = 1989 | publisher = Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Whitaker|Elman|1980|p=370}} ''Sciurus'' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ (genera) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{sfn|Whitaker|Elman|1980|p=370}}

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|ang|ācweorna}} ᱫᱚ [[Middle English language|ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱞ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]] ᱨᱮ {{lang|enm|aquerne}} ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;OED1913_aquerne&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Aquerne|encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |publisher=The Clarendon Press |publication-place=Oxford, UK |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99992/page/n460/mode/1up |via=[[Internet Archive]] |year=1913 |volume=1 (A–B) |edition=1 Corrected re-issue, 1970 reprint |page=422 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[Common Germanic|ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[Germanic languages|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - [[German language|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ]] {{lang|de|Eichhörnchen}}; [[Norwegian language|ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] {{lang|no|ikorn}}/{{lang|no|ekorn}}; [[Dutch language|ᱰᱟᱪ]] {{lang|nl|eekhoorn}}; [[Swedish language|ᱥᱩᱭᱰᱤᱥ]] {{lang|sv|ekorre}} ᱟᱨ [[Danish language|ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱥ]] {{lang|da|egern}} ᱾

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Terms of venery|ᱜᱩᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ &quot;ᱰᱨᱟᱭ&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lipton|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ|title=An Exaltation of Larks|date=1991|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0-670-30044-0|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ &quot;ᱥᱠᱚᱨᱤ&quot; ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;''Universe in Your Pocket'' by Joel Levy, published by Barnes &amp; Noble, Inc.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ==
[[File:Sciurus carolinensis -British Columbia, Canada-8.jpg|left|thumb|ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱱᱩᱭ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱟᱬᱜᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾]]
[[File:Ratufa skull.JPG|thumb|left|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Oriental giant squirrel|ᱳᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭન્ટ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''Ratufa'') ᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱝ—ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱜ [[zygomatic arch|ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱳᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[sciuromorphous]] ᱨᱩᱯ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾]]

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ [[African pygmy squirrel|ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱟᱨ [[least pygmy squirrel|ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱔ ᱥᱮ.ᱢᱤ. ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱒-᱒᱖ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ,&lt;ref name=Kingdon1997&gt;{{cite book | author=Kingdon, J. | author-link=Jonathan Kingdon | year=1997 | title=The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals | publisher=Academic Press Limited, London | isbn=0-12-408355-2 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/kingdonfieldguid00jona }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Payne1998&gt;{{cite book| author1=Payne, J. | author2=C.F. Francis | year=1998 | title=A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo | page=243 | publisher=The Sabah Society | edition=3 | isbn=967-99947-1-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ [[Bhutan giant flying squirrel|ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭન્ટ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱒᱗ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Choudhury2002&gt;{{cite journal | author=Choudhury, A. | year=2002 | title=Petaurista nobilis singhei: First record in India and a note on its taxonomy | journal=The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society | volume=99 | issue=1 | pages=30–34 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ [[marmot|ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱚᱴ]] ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Krystufek2013&gt;{{cite journal | author1=Kryštufek, B. | author2=B. Vohralík | year=2013 | title=Taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic rodents (Rodentia). Part 2. Sciuridae: Urocitellus, Marmota and Sciurotamias | journal=Lynx, N. S. (Praha) | volume=44 | pages=27–138 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Armitage2002&gt;{{cite book | author1=Armitage, K.B. | author2=Blumstein, D.T. | year=2002 | chapter=Body-mass diversity in marmots. Holarctic marmots as a factor of biodiversity | editor1=K.B. Armitage | editor2=V.Yu. Rumiantsev | title=Holarctic Marmots as a Factor of Biodiversity | publisher=ABF Publishing House | pages=22–32 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱴᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ [[fur|ᱩᱵ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱹᱬ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱳᱴᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wildlifeonline.me.uk/squirrels.html Tree Squirrels], ''Wildlife Online'', 23 November 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[thumb|ᱵᱩᱲᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ (pads) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ&lt;ref name=EoM&gt;Milton (1984)&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ [[claw|ᱨᱟᱢᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱨ [[tree climbing|ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱜᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/squirrel-info.htm|title=Rodents|date=22 April 2008|publisher=How Stuff Works|access-date=30 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ, [[Tree squirrels|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱬᱜᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱯᱟ ᱑᱘᱐ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Thorington|first1=Richard W.|last2=Koprowski|first2=John L.|last3=Steele|first3=Michael A.|last4=Whatton|first4=James F.|year=2012|page=8|title=Squirrels of the World|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-1-4214-0469-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ===
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Visual perception|ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱴᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ [[whiskers|ᱜᱩᱪᱩ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=EoM /&gt;

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[incisor|ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ]] (ᱜᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱤᱫᱤᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱩᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ $ \frac{1.0.1.3}{1.0.1.3} $ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;''The Beginning of the Age of Mammals'' Kenneth D. Rose (2006) {{ISBN|978-0-801-88472-6}} p. 326&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ===
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nutsaboutsquirrels.com/1695/why-do-squirrels-have-bushy-tails/|title=Why do squirrels have bushy tails? &amp;#124; Nuts About Squirrels}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭ, ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ, ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱟᱲᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱩᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱫᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ [[parachute|ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱥᱩᱴ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
* ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱤᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ [[fishing flies|ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Genova |first=Cosmo |date=2022-01-11 |title=How to Preserve a Squirrel Pelt For Fly Tying |url=https://www.fieldandstream.com/fishing/preserve-squirrel-pelt-fly-tying/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Field &amp; Stream |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Valla |first=Mike |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AVDDQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22squirrel+tail%22+%22guard+hair%22&amp;pg=PA45 |title=Tying and Fishing Bucktails and Other Hair Wings: Atlantic Salmon Flies to Steelhead Flies |date=2016-09-05 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8117-6532-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ==
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[rainforest|ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[desert|ᱛᱮᱛᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱛ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ [[Polar regions of Earth|ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[herbivorous|ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱢ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ  ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[insects|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ-ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;squirrels&quot;&gt;[http://www.squirrels.org/faq.html Squirrel Place] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227025300/http://www.squirrels.org/faq.html |date=27 December 2010 }}. squirrels.org. Retrieved 14 December 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Thorington|first1=Richard W.|last2=Koprowski|first2=John L.|last3=Steele|first3=Michael A.|last4=Whatton|first4=James F.|year=2012|page=12|title=Squirrels of the World|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-1-4214-0469-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱭ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[wildlife rehabilitator|ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.squirrel-rehab.org/|title=Squirrel Rehab|access-date=19 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ ᱛᱮ [[animal euthanasia|ᱜᱚᱡ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;200px&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;&gt;
File:Squirrel enjoying in the sun.jpg|ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel in Chandigarh.jpg|[[ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel near Chandigarh.jpg|ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱜᱚᱲ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
File:Squirrel on mango tree.jpg|[[ᱩᱞ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ==
[[File:Baby of squirrel.jpg|thumb|upright|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ [[wikt:kit#Etymology_2|kits]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ]]
ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱯᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[gestation|ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ]] ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱵ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱬᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[weaning|ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱚᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ, ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=EoM /&gt;

ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[Diurnality|ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ]] ᱥᱮ [[crepuscular|ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ-ᱥᱤᱢᱨᱟᱹ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=MassWild&gt;{{cite web|title=Red &amp; Gray Squirrels in Massachusetts|url=http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/wildlife/living/living_with_squirrels.htm|work=MassWildlife|publisher=Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife|access-date=3 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517191120/http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/wildlife/living/living_with_squirrels.htm|archive-date=17 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[Nocturnality|ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ— ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Törmälä | first=Timo | author2=Vuorinen, Hannu | author3=Hokkanen, Heikki | year=1980 | title=Timing of circadian activity in the flying squirrel in central Finland | journal=Acta Theriologica | volume=25 | issue=32–42 | pages=461–474 | doi=10.4098/at.arch.80-42 | doi-access=free |issn = 0001-7051 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱵᱮᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=McNamee|first=Kai|url=https://www.npr.org/2023/06/29/1185092056/squirrels-splooting-heat-wave-climate-change|title=The heat is making squirrels 'sploot' — a goofy act that signals something serious|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=June 29, 2023|access-date=August 8, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Andersson Krebs 1978 pp. 707–711&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Andersson | first1=Malte | last2=Krebs | first2=John | title=On the evolution of hoarding behaviour | journal=Animal Behaviour | volume=26 | year=1978 | issn=0003-3472 | doi=10.1016/0003-3472(78)90137-9 | pages=707–711| bibcode=1978AnBeh..26..707A | s2cid=53154232 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ-ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=HADJ-CHIKH | first1=LEILA Z. | last2=STEELE | first2=MICHAEL A. | last3=SMALLWOOD | first3=PETER D. | title=Caching decisions by grey squirrels: a test of the handling time and perishability hypotheses | journal=Animal Behaviour |  volume=52 | issue=5 | year=1996 | issn=0003-3472 | doi=10.1006/anbe.1996.0242 | pages=941–948| bibcode=1996AnBeh..52..941H | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱚᱫᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱣ  ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ, ᱥᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name =&quot;mould&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xiao | first1=Zhishu | last2=Gao | first2=Xu | last3=Zhang | first3=Zhibin | title=The combined effects of seed perishability and seed size on hoarding decisions by Pére David's rock squirrels | journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |  volume=67 | issue=7 | date=2013-04-05 | issn=0340-5443 | doi=10.1007/s00265-013-1531-8 | pages=1067–1075| bibcode=2013BEcoS..67.1067X | s2cid=253815798 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ, ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱸᱭᱮ (mushrooms) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name =&quot;mould&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xiao | first1=Zhishu | last2=Gao | first2=Xu | last3=Zhang | first3=Zhibin | title=The combined effects of seed perishability and seed size on hoarding decisions by Pére David's rock squirrels | journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |  volume=67 | issue=7 | date=2013-04-05 | issn=0340-5443 | doi=10.1007/s00265-013-1531-8 | pages=1067–1075| bibcode=2013BEcoS..67.1067X | s2cid=253815798 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Cyclobalanopsis]], ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱲᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;fix nut&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xu | first1=Han | last2=Xia | first2=Lian | last3=Spence | first3=John R | last4=Lin | first4=Mingxian | last5=Lu | first5=Chunyang | last6=Li | first6=Yanpeng | last7=Chen | first7=Jie | last8=Luo | first8=Tushou | last9=Li | first9=Yide | last10=Fang | first10=Suqin | title=Flying squirrels use a mortise-tenon structure to fix nuts on understory twigs | journal=eLife |  volume=12 | date=2023-06-13 | article-number=e84967 | issn=2050-084X | doi=10.7554/elife.84967| pmid=37309191 | pmc=10328505 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ, [[particolored flying squirrel]] ᱟᱨ [[Hainan flying squirrel]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱢᱤᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱚᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ-ᱴᱮᱱᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ' ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;fix nut&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Xu | first1=Han | last2=Xia | first2=Lian | last3=Spence | first3=John R | last4=Lin | first4=Mingxian | last5=Lu | first5=Chunyang | last6=Li | first6=Yanpeng | last7=Chen | first7=Jie | last8=Luo | first8=Tushou | last9=Li | first9=Yide | last10=Fang | first10=Suqin | title=Flying squirrels use a mortise-tenon structure to fix nuts on understory twigs | journal=eLife |  volume=12 | date=2023-06-13 | article-number=e84967 | issn=2050-084X | doi=10.7554/elife.84967| pmid=37309191 | pmc=10328505 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ===
[[File:Squirrel, Manyara National Park, Tanzania (2010).jpg|thumb|right|[[Tanzania|ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Manyara National Park|ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]
[[File:Squirrel in Seurasaari autumn.JPG|thumb|right|[[Finland|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Helsinki|ᱦᱮᱞᱥᱤᱝᱠᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Seurasaari]] ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Red squirrel|ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Merja Laavola: Eläinten elintasosairaudet näkyvät Seurasaaressa. Vartti Etelä-Helsinki, Sanoma Kaupunkilehdet, 2010. (in Finnish)&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[File:Squirrel eating pumpkin seeds.webm|thumb|thumbtime=0|ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ [[pumpkin|ᱠᱩᱢᱰᱟᱹ]] ᱡᱟᱝ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾]]

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱩᱞᱳᱡᱽ (cellulose) ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[protein|ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱ]], [[carbohydrates|ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱮᱴᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[fat|ᱪᱚᱨᱵᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ-ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ [[Hoarding (animal behavior)|ᱩᱠᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ]] ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱟ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ (buds) ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[herbivores|ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱢ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ, ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱡᱚ, ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱠᱳᱱ, ᱡᱚ, ᱠᱟᱸᱭᱮ  ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;squirrels&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |website=[[bbc.co.uk]] |access-date=13 July 2018 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4489792.stm |title=Russian squirrel pack 'kills dog' |date=1 December 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ [[bird|ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]], ᱵᱤᱧ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ-ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Richard W. Thorington, Katie Ferrell – [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7cuEWCWpLMC&amp;pg=PA75 ''Squirrels: the animal answer guide''], JHU Press, 2006, {{ISBN|0-8018-8402-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8018-8402-3}}, p. 75.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱯᱟᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱸ [[synanthropes]] ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱤᱱᱼᱟᱨᱵᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ' (synurbanization) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;peim&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Peiman |first1=Kathryn |title=Sublethal consequences of urban life for wild vertebrates |journal=Environmental Reviews |date=June 2016 |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=416–425 |doi=10.1139/er-2016-0029|bibcode=2016EnvRv..24..416B |hdl=1807/74036 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[New York City|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[Industrial Revolution|ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ- ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ), ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[thirteen-lined ground squirrel]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Friggens | first=M. | title=Carnivory on Desert Cottontails by Texas Antelope Ground Squirrels | jstor=3672818 | journal=The Southwestern Naturalist | volume=47 | issue=1 | pages=132–133 | year=2002 | doi=10.2307/3672818| bibcode=2002SWNat..47..132F }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱑᱙᱒᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱮᱭᱞᱤ (Bernard Bailey) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱞ-ᱯᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ (thirteen-lined ground squirrel) ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Bailey | first=B. | title=Meat-eating propensities of some rodents of Minnesota | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=4 | issue= 2| page=129 | year=1923 | doi = 10.1093/jmammal/4.2.129 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱣᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱱᱰ  ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱵᱤᱧ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Wistrand | first=E.H. | title=Predation on a Snake by ''Spermophilus tridecemlineatus'' | jstor=2424389 | journal=American Midland Naturalist | volume=88 | issue=2 | pages=511–512 | year=1972 | doi=10.2307/2424389}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱸᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱒᱐᱐environment᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ [[Lazo, Russia|ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[dog|ᱥᱮᱛᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcn&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Russian Squirrel Pack Kills Dog |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4489792.stm |website=BBC News |date=December 2005 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Cornwall squirrel 'pack' attacks boy, three |work=BBC News |date=14 July 2016 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cornwall-36792959 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;atl1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lafrance |first1=Adrienne |title=When Squirrels Attack – A cautionary tale |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/when-squirrels-attack/531129/ |website=The Atlantic |date=21 June 2017 |access-date=7 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱣᱤᱴᱮᱠᱚᱨ  ᱑᱓᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱞ-ᱯᱮ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ (thirteen-lined ground squirrels) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ [[shrew|ᱪᱩᱸᱫᱽ]]  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ; ᱵᱨᱮᱰᱞᱤ (Bradley) ᱖᱐᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[white-tailed antelope squirrel|ᱯᱩᱸᱰ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱞᱳᱯ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱐% ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ  ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ [[lizard|ᱪᱮᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱰᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Whitaker | first=J.O. | title=Food and external parasites of ''Spermophilus tridecemlineatus'' in Vigo County, Indiana | jstor=1379067 | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=53 | issue=3 | pages=644–648 | year=1972 | doi=10.2307/1379067}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Bradley | first=W. G. | title=Food habits of the antelope ground squirrel in southern Nevada | jstor=1377723 | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=49 | issue=1 | pages=14–21 | doi=10.2307/1377723 | year=1968}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱳᱨᱜᱟᱨᱴ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ-ᱪᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱞᱳᱯ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ [[Perognathus flavus|ᱥᱤᱞᱠᱤ ᱯᱚᱠᱮᱴ ᱪᱩᱸᱫᱽ]] ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Morgart | first=J. R. | title=Carnivorous behavior by a white-tailed antelope ground squirrel ''Ammospermophilus leucurus'' | jstor=3670745 | journal=The Southwestern Naturalist | volume=30 | issue=2 | pages=304–305 | doi=10.2307/3670745 |date=May 1985| bibcode=1985SWNat..30..304M }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱭᱟᱥ ==
[[File:One squirrel open mouth.jpg|thumb|[[Cleveland Museum of Art|ᱠᱞᱤᱵᱽᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[fox squirrel|ᱯᱷᱚᱠᱥ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (''Sciurus niger'')]]
[[File:Taiwanrisu-2009.ogv|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱲ (''Callosciurus erythraeus thaiwanensis'')]]
[[File:Prevostova vjeverica u Zagrebu.2.jpg|thumb|[[Croatia|ᱠᱨᱳᱣᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Zagreb Zoo|ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱮᱵᱽ ᱪᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮ-ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ [[Prevost's Squirrel|ᱯᱨᱮᱵᱷᱳᱥᱴ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (''Callosciurus prevostii'')]]

ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[subfamilies|ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (subfamilies) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[genera|ᱜᱚᱱ]] (genera) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱒᱘᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[species|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] (species) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author1=Wilson, D.E. |author2=Reeder, D.M. | title=Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness | journal=Zootaxa| volume=3148| year=2011| pages=56–60|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.9 | url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p060.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ (fossil), ''Hesperopetes'', ᱫᱚ [[Chadronian]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱞᱮᱴ [[Eocene|ᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]], ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱔᱐–᱓᱕ [[million years ago|ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ]]), ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Emry | first1 = R. J. | last2 = Korth | first2 = W. W. | title = A new genus of squirrel (Rodentia, Sciuridae) from the mid-Cenozoic of North America | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 693–698 | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[693:ANGOSR]2.0.CO;2 | s2cid = 85847849 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[Miocene|ᱢᱟᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ &quot;ᱟᱹᱫᱤ-ᱛᱩᱲ&quot; ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ (ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱛᱩᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ  ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = tolweb&gt;Steppan &amp; Hamm (2006)&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ (fossil) ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[phylogeny|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱛᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ]] (phylogeny) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: [[Ratufinae]] (Oriental giant squirrels), Sciurillinae ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱾ Ratufinae ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[Asia|ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ [[South America|ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel|ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱴᱨᱳᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱫᱚ Sciurillinae ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱬ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ  ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ [[evolutionary radiation|ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ [[Eurasia|ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ [[Africa|ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name = tolweb /&gt;

ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ: [[Callosciurinae]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ [[South East Asia|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ; [[Ratufinae]], ᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[South Asia|ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ; [[Sciurinae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[flying squirrel|ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ]] (Pteromyini) ᱟᱨ [[Sciurini|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ;&lt;ref&gt;Steppan, S. J. B. L. Storz, and R. S. Hoffmann. 2004. [http://www.bio.fsu.edu/~steppan/Steppan_et_al_Sciuridae.pdf Nuclear DNA phylogeny of the squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia) and the evolution of arboreality from c-myc and RAG1]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30:703-719.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sciurillinae]], ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ; ᱟᱨ [[Xerinae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ [[Tribe (biology)|ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] (tribes) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Marmotini]] ([[marmot|ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱳᱴ]], [[chipmunk|ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ]], [[prairie dog|ᱯᱨᱮᱭᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ]], ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ), [[Xerini]] (ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ), ᱟᱨ [[Protoxerini]] (ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ) ᱾

=== ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱭᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ===

* [[Basal (evolution)|ᱵᱮᱥᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ''[[incertae sedis]]'' Sciuridae (ᱡᱚᱛᱚ [[fossil|ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ]])
** ''[[Hesperopetes]]''
** ''[[Kherem (genus)|Kherem]]''
** ''[[Lagrivea]]''
** ''[[Oligosciurus]]''
** ''[[Plesiosciurus]]''
** ''[[Prospermophilus]]''
** ''[[Sciurion]]''
** ''[[Similisciurus]]''
** ''[[Sinotamias]]''
** ''[[Vulcanisciurus]]''
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Cedromurinae]] (ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Ratufinae]] – ᱳᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱔ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurillinae]] – ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱴᱨᱳᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱜᱽᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱲ ([[monotypic|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱱ]])
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Sciurinae]]
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Sciurini]] – ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱕ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱓᱘ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Pteromyini]] – ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑᱕ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱔᱕ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Callosciurinae]] – ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Callosciurini]] (᱑᱓ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱖᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Funambulini]] ᱛᱟᱞᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ/ᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱑ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱕ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
* ᱩᱯ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ [[Xerinae]] – ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Xerini]] – ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱲ (᱓ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱖ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Protoxerini]] (᱖ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱕᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)
** ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ [[Marmotini]] – ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱩᱲ, ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱳᱴ, ᱪᱤᱯᱢᱟᱝᱠ, ᱯᱨᱮᱭᱨᱤ ᱰᱚᱜᱽ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ (᱖ ᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱙᱐ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ)

== ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ==
== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
{{Portal|Mammals}}
* ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease]] ([[Kuru (disease)|ᱠᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ]]) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Blakeslee |first1=Sandra |title=Kentucky Doctors Warn Against a Regional Dish: Squirrels' Brains |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/29/us/kentucky-doctors-warn-against-a-regional-dish-squirrels-brains.html |access-date=18 April 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=29 August 1997}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.livescience.com/63831-squirrel-brains-rare-disorder-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.html |title=Man Dies from Extremely Rare Disease After Eating Squirrel Brains |first1=Rachael |last1=Rettner |date=October 15, 2018 |publisher=[[LiveScience]] |access-date=April 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Anchor|Notes|reason=&quot;Notes&quot; is the old section name, which was changed to &quot;References&quot; on 6 June 2018}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Anchor|References|reason=&quot;References&quot; is the old section name, which was changed to &quot;Further reading&quot; on 6 June 2018}}

== ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{cite book| last1 = Whitaker | first1= John O. Jr. |last2= Elman|first2=Robert|date=1980|title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals|edition=2nd|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf, Jr.| location = New York|isbn=0-394-50762-2}}

== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
* Milton, Katherine (1984): &quot;Family Sciuridae&quot;. In: Macdonald, D. (ed.): ''The Encyclopedia of Mammals'': 612–623. Facts on File, New York. {{ISBN|0-87196-871-1}}.
* Steppan, Scott J. and Hamm, Shawn M. (2006): [[Tree of Life Web Project]] – [http://tolweb.org/Sciuridae/16456/2006.05.13 &quot;Sciuridae (Squirrels)&quot;]. Version of 13 May 2006. Retrieved 10 December 2007.
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Steppan | first1 = S. J. | last2 = Storz | first2 = B. L. | last3 = Hoffmann | first3 = R. S. | doi = 10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00204-5 | title = Nuclear DNA phylogeny of the squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia) and the evolution of arboreality from c-myc and RAG1 | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 703–719 | year = 2004 | pmid =  15012949| bibcode = 2004MolPE..30..703S }}
* Thorington, R.W. and Hoffmann, R.S. (2005): &quot;Family Sciuridae&quot;. In: ''Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'': 754–818. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons|Sciuridae}}
{{Wikispecies|Sciuridae}}
{{Wiktionary|squirrel}}
* {{wikiquote-inline}}
* [http://tolweb.org/Sciuridae/16456 ᱴᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷ: Sciuridae]
* [http://northernbushcraft.com/animalTracks/squirrel/notes.htm ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ]: ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070614105921/http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/squirrel.html ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131206211135/http://squirrels.org/names.html ᱛᱩᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]

{{Rodents}}
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[[Category:ᱛᱩᱲ| ]]
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[[Category:Extant Eocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Rodents by common name]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim]]</text>
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|refs=&lt;!--Shown on this page only; don't include &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
}}</text>
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|rank=tribus
|link=ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱤᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ
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}}</text>
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    <ns>10</ns>
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        <username>ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ</username>
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      <comment>&quot;{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=familia |link=ᱚᱞᱮᱭᱟᱥᱮᱭᱟᱭ |parent=Lamiales |refs={{Cite journal|author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|year=2016|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.1...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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|rank=familia
|link=ᱚᱞᱮᱭᱟᱥᱮᱭᱟᱭ
|parent=Lamiales
|refs={{Cite journal|author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|year=2016|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/epdf|format=PDF|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12385}}
}}</text>
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    <title>ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ</title>
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        <id>1102</id>
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      <comment>&quot;ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱞᱤᱱᱮᱭᱚᱥ&quot; ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱸᱦᱰᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ</title>
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      <text bytes="4879" sha1="e5i3qa3a81hwh2g2iifvm390fcgwc3a" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = ᱰᱨ. ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ
| alt                 = 
| caption             = 
| order               = 
| office1             = [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ|ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ]]
| term_start1         = ᱔ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱒
| term_end1           = ᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱘
| predecessor1        = 
| successor1          = [[ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱩ]]
| constituency1       = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
| office2             = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣᱤᱡ (ᱥᱯᱤᱠᱟᱨ)]]
| term_start2         = ᱒᱐᱐᱖
| term_end2           = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| predecessor2        = 
| office3             = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ]], [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]]
| term_start3         = ᱑᱙᱙᱕
| term_end3           = ᱒᱐᱐᱐
| predecessor3        = 
| office4             = ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱵᱽᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ, [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]]
| term_start4         = ᱒᱐᱐᱐
| term_end4           = ᱒᱐᱐᱕
| predecessor4        = 
| birth_date          = {{Birth date and age|1957|07|29|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
| party               = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]]
| spouse              = ᱥᱨᱤᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ
}}

'''ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱖ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱙᱕᱗) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱱ.ᱥᱤ. ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=india-gov-in&gt;{{cite web|title=Detailed Profile: Pradeep Kumar Balmuchu |url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2229|accessdate=14 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳ-ᱚᱯᱨᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤ. ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱪᱰᱤ. ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱞᱵᱷᱩᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=myneta&gt;{{cite web|title=Pradeep Kumar Balmuchu|url=http://myneta.info/rajsab09aff/candidate.php?candidate_id=37|website=myNeta.info|accessdate=14 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ==

* ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ, ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ (ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ – ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱔)
* ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱚᱢ (ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ - ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱔)
* ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ, ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ (ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ – ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ)
* ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ, ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱳᱞᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱕᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱞ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>e5i3qa3a81hwh2g2iifvm390fcgwc3a</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35781</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
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      <text bytes="2780" sha1="how6peq9qbwpyc5lawuqutu9w641wfr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| image        =
| name         = ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ
| caption      = 
| birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1942|2|24|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| death_date   = 
| death_place  = 
| office       = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ]]
| constituency = [[ᱢᱟᱡᱷᱜᱟᱶ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ)|ᱢᱟᱡᱷᱜᱟᱶ]]
| term         = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = 
| party        = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ|ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱱ.ᱥᱤ (INC)]]
| spouse       = 
| children     = 
| website      = 
| footnotes    = 
| date         = 
| year         =  
}}

'''ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱔᱒), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ '''ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ, ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱟᱡᱷᱜᱟᱶ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ)|ᱢᱟᱡᱷᱜᱟᱶ]] ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Majhgaon-in-Bihar|title=Majhgaon Vidhan sabha assembly election results in Bihar|website=elections.traceall.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://myneta.info/jharkhand2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=269 ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ (Devendra Nath Champia profile)]&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ‌ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>how6peq9qbwpyc5lawuqutu9w641wfr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ</title>
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        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
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      <text bytes="8569" sha1="n90iu5ge6emr7s22uxjmbgloxc5f4tq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ
| image              = {{#property:P18}}
| caption            = [[ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱳᱴᱟᱨᱰᱟᱢ|ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱟᱨ (IFFR)]] ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = 
| birth_place        = ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱥᱟᱦᱤ, [[ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;
| other_names        = 
| occupation         = ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
| years_active       = 
| known_for          = 
| notable_works      = 
| partner            = 
| awards             = ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ]]
}}
'''ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ''' ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ]], ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱥᱴ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Sahoo |first=Akshaya Kumar |date=13 April 2017 |title=Tribal girl Lipika Singh Darai from Odisha wins 4 National Awards in 7 years |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/130417/tribal-girl-lipika-singh-darai-from-odisha-wins-4-national-awards-in-7-years.html |publisher=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Magic and resilience in documentary about the puppeteers of Odisha|work=Scroll.in|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1005301/magic-and-resilience-in-documentary-about-the-puppeteers-of-odisha}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ, ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱚᱠᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ''Night and Fear'' (᱒᱐᱒᱓) ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱳᱴᱟᱨᱰᱟᱢ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ|ᱵᱟᱯᱷᱴᱟ (BAFTA)]] Breakthrough-India ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ==
ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ, ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱦᱳ]] ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-10-29 |title=Odia film director Lipika Singh Darai returns National Awards {{!}} Sambad English |url=https://sambadenglish.com/odia-film-director-lipika-singh-darai-returns-national-awards/ |access-date=2023-06-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱽᱱᱮᱥᱚᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤᱭᱩᱴ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] (FTII) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==

=== ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱝ ===
ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ''Gaarud'' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱗ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ]] ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ===
᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ''Eka Gacha Eka Maṇisha Eka Samudra'' (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: ''A Tree a Man a Sea'') ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''Kankee O Saapo'' (Dragonfly and Snake) ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ''Some Stories Around Witches'' ᱰᱚᱠᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ''The Waterfall'' (᱒᱐᱑᱗) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ (Best Educational Film) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱷᱤ-ᱯᱩᱛᱞᱤ (puppetry) ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ''Backstage'' ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
!ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱚ
!ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
!ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ
!ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ
!ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ
!
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱐
|''Gaarud''
|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ
|ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱥᱴ
|FTII
|
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱒
|''A Tree a Man a Sea''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ
|ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱩ ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱭᱫᱽ
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱔
|''Kankee O Saapo''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|ᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱤᱨᱤ
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱱᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱕
|''Some Stories Around Witches''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|PSBT, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Some Stories around Witches – PSBT |url=https://psbt.org/films/some-stories-around-witches/ |access-date=2023-06-11 |publisher=Public Service Broadcasting Trust |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱖
|''In the Shadow of Time''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|IGNCA
|
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱗
|''The Waterfall''
|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|LXL Ideas, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱘
|''The Sound Man Mangesh Desai''
|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ
|ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|WIMPTSEA
|
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱒᱑
|''Backstage''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|Films Division, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱒᱓
|''Night and Fear''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱱᱩ ᱫᱟᱥ
|
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱒᱓
|''B and S''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ ᱠᱮᱢᱮᱨᱟᱢᱮᱱ/ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|Rough Edges
|
|ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
|}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=nm5165780|name=Lipika Singh Darai}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>n90iu5ge6emr7s22uxjmbgloxc5f4tq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>191348</id>
      <parentid>191347</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T10:47:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ */ +</comment>
      <origin>191348</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8811" sha1="1fje9yleqg9xcgcy3bk087xrudumqmc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ
| image              = {{#property:P18}}
| caption            = [[ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱳᱴᱟᱨᱰᱟᱢ|ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱟᱨ (IFFR)]] ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = 
| birth_place        = ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱥᱟᱦᱤ, [[ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;
| other_names        = 
| occupation         = ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
| years_active       = 
| known_for          = 
| notable_works      = 
| partner            = 
| awards             = ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ]]
}}
'''ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ''' ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ]], ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱥᱴ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Sahoo |first=Akshaya Kumar |date=13 April 2017 |title=Tribal girl Lipika Singh Darai from Odisha wins 4 National Awards in 7 years |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/130417/tribal-girl-lipika-singh-darai-from-odisha-wins-4-national-awards-in-7-years.html |publisher=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Magic and resilience in documentary about the puppeteers of Odisha|work=Scroll.in|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1005301/magic-and-resilience-in-documentary-about-the-puppeteers-of-odisha}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ, ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱚᱠᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ''Night and Fear'' (᱒᱐᱒᱓) ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱳᱴᱟᱨᱰᱟᱢ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ|ᱵᱟᱯᱷᱴᱟ (BAFTA)]] Breakthrough-India ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ==
ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ, ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱦᱳ]] ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-10-29 |title=Odia film director Lipika Singh Darai returns National Awards {{!}} Sambad English |url=https://sambadenglish.com/odia-film-director-lipika-singh-darai-returns-national-awards/ |access-date=2023-06-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱽᱱᱮᱥᱚᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤᱭᱩᱴ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] (FTII) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==

=== ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱝ ===
ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ''Gaarud'' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱗ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ]] ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ===
᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ''Eka Gacha Eka Maṇisha Eka Samudra'' (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: ''A Tree a Man a Sea'') ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''Kankee O Saapo'' (Dragonfly and Snake) ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ''Some Stories Around Witches'' ᱰᱚᱠᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ''The Waterfall'' (᱒᱐᱑᱗) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ (Best Educational Film) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱷᱤ-ᱯᱩᱛᱞᱤ (puppetry) ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ''Backstage'' ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
!ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱚ
!ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
!ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ
!ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ
!ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ
!
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱐
|''ᱜᱟᱨᱩᱰ''
|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ
|ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱥᱴ
|FTII
|
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱒
|''ᱮ ᱴᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱤ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ
|ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱩ ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱭᱫᱽ
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱔
|''ᱠᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱳ ᱥᱟᱯᱳ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|ᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱤᱨᱤ
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱱᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱕
|''ᱥᱟᱢ ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱮᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱣᱤᱪᱮᱥ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|PSBT, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Some Stories around Witches – PSBT |url=https://psbt.org/films/some-stories-around-witches/ |access-date=2023-06-11 |publisher=Public Service Broadcasting Trust |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱖
|''ᱤᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱥᱮᱰᱳ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|IGNCA
|
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱗
|''ᱫᱟ ᱣᱟᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱳᱞ''
|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|LXL Ideas, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱘
|''ᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱮᱥᱟᱭ''
|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ
|ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|WIMPTSEA
|
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱑
|''ᱵᱮᱠᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|Films Division, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱒᱓
|''ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱤᱭᱟᱨ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱱᱩ ᱫᱟᱥ
|
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱒᱓
|''ᱵᱤ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱮᱥ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ ᱠᱮᱢᱮᱨᱟᱢᱮᱱ/ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|Rough Edges
|
|ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
|}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=nm5165780|name=Lipika Singh Darai}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>1fje9yleqg9xcgcy3bk087xrudumqmc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>191350</id>
      <parentid>191348</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T10:53:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>191350</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8927" sha1="cyeaep501oaj7y9x277v44fe76qozag" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ
| image              = {{#property:P18}}
| caption            = [[ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱳᱴᱟᱨᱰᱟᱢ|ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱟᱨ]] ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = 
| birth_place        = ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱥᱟᱦᱤ, [[ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;
| other_names        = 
| occupation         = ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
| years_active       = 
| known_for          = 
| notable_works      = 
| partner            = 
| awards             = ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ]]
}}
'''ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ''' ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ]], ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱥᱴ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Sahoo |first=Akshaya Kumar |date=13 April 2017 |title=Tribal girl Lipika Singh Darai from Odisha wins 4 National Awards in 7 years |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/130417/tribal-girl-lipika-singh-darai-from-odisha-wins-4-national-awards-in-7-years.html |publisher=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Magic and resilience in documentary about the puppeteers of Odisha|work=Scroll.in|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1005301/magic-and-resilience-in-documentary-about-the-puppeteers-of-odisha}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ, ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱚᱠᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ''ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱤᱭᱟᱨ'' (᱒᱐᱒᱓) ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱳᱴᱟᱨᱰᱟᱢ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ|ᱵᱟᱯᱷᱴᱟ]] ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱛᱷᱨᱩ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ==
ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ, ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱦᱳ]] ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-10-29 |title=Odia film director Lipika Singh Darai returns National Awards {{!}} Sambad English |url=https://sambadenglish.com/odia-film-director-lipika-singh-darai-returns-national-awards/ |access-date=2023-06-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱽᱱᱮᱥᱚᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤᱭᱩᱴ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==

=== ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱝ ===
ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ''ᱜᱟᱨᱩᱰ'' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱗ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ]] ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ===
᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ''ᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱪᱷᱟ ᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱩᱥᱚ ᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱩᱫᱨᱚ'' (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: ''A Tree a Man a Sea'') ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱠᱟᱸᱠᱮ ᱳ ᱥᱟᱯᱳ'' ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ''ᱥᱟᱢ ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱮᱨᱟᱭᱩᱱᱰ ᱣᱤᱪᱮᱥ'' ᱰᱚᱠᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ''ᱫᱟ ᱣᱟᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱚᱞ'' (᱒᱐᱑᱗) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴ-ᱯᱩᱛᱞᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ''ᱵᱮᱠᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ'' ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
!ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱚ
!ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
!ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ
!ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ
!ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ
!
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱐
|''ᱜᱟᱨᱩᱰ''
|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ
|ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱤᱥᱴ
|FTII
|
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱒
|''ᱮ ᱴᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱤ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ
|ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱩ ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱭᱫᱽ
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱔
|''ᱠᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱳ ᱥᱟᱯᱳ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|ᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱤᱨᱤ
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱱᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱕
|''ᱥᱟᱢ ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱮᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱣᱤᱪᱮᱥ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|PSBT, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Some Stories around Witches – PSBT |url=https://psbt.org/films/some-stories-around-witches/ |access-date=2023-06-11 |publisher=Public Service Broadcasting Trust |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱖
|''ᱤᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱥᱮᱰᱳ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|IGNCA
|
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱗
|''ᱫᱟ ᱣᱟᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱳᱞ''
|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|LXL Ideas, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱑᱘
|''ᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱮᱥᱟᱭ''
|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ
|ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|WIMPTSEA
|
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱑
|''ᱵᱮᱠᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|Films Division, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
|᱒᱐᱒᱓
|''ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱤᱭᱟᱨ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱱᱩ ᱫᱟᱥ
|
|
|-
|᱒᱐᱒᱓
|''ᱵᱤ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱮᱥ''
|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ
|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ/ ᱠᱮᱢᱮᱨᱟᱢᱮᱱ/ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ
|Rough Edges
|
|ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
|}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=nm5165780|name=Lipika Singh Darai}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>cyeaep501oaj7y9x277v44fe76qozag</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱝᱠᱩ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35783</id>
    <revision>
      <id>191353</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T11:01:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>191353</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1802" sha1="5zh7f5asrd0a5x0peqswjajpfcdqqch" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱝᱠᱩ
| image              = 
| caption            = 
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1950|9|27|df=y}}
| birth_place        = 
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| occupation         = ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
| party              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]]
| awards             = 
}}

'''ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱝᱠᱩ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱕᱐&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.indiapress.org/election/archives/lok11/biodata/11bi51.php Biographical Sketch Member of Parliament XI Lok Sabha]&lt;/ref&gt;) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=BJP’s Laxman Gilua wins from Singhbhum|url=https://www.avenuemail.in/region/bjps-laxman-gilua-wins-singhbhum/43991/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504011117/https://www.avenuemail.in/region/bjps-laxman-gilua-wins-singhbhum/43991/|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 May 2018|work=Avenue Mail|date=16 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>5zh7f5asrd0a5x0peqswjajpfcdqqch</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35784</id>
    <revision>
      <id>191366</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T11:40:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>191366</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6878" sha1="oquvmx2r4fmua5puysugyk2ez5cbsuu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox writer
| name             = ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ
| honorific_prefix = ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱠᱚᱵᱤ
| pseudonym        = 
| birth_name       = 
| birth_date       = ᱑᱗ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱘᱕᱙
| birth_place      = ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱟᱴ, [[ᱪᱟᱱᱦᱳ ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ]], [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ]], [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
| death_date       = ᱑᱙᱓᱗
| death_place      = 
| resting_place    = 
| occupation       = {{plainlist|*ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ
*ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ
*ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ}}
| language         = [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
| education        = 
| alma_mater       = 
| period           = 
| genre            = [[ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱮ]], [[ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
| subject          = 
| movement         = 
| notableworks     = {{plainlist|
*ᱱᱟᱜᱽ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱟᱵᱚᱞᱤ ᱡᱷᱩᱢᱟᱹᱨ
*ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱦᱢᱟᱥᱟ
*ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱪᱷᱟᱱ
*ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ
*ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱛᱚᱥᱚᱛᱤ 
*ᱞᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱚᱱᱡᱚᱱᱟ
*ᱥᱤᱛᱟ ᱥᱣᱟᱭᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ
*ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱬ
*ᱨᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ
*ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱚᱨᱤᱛᱨᱚ
*ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨᱠᱟᱱᱰ
*ᱩᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ
*ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱜᱩᱣᱟ ᱜᱤᱛ
*ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱛᱩᱛᱤ
}}
| awards           = 
| signature        = 
| signature_alt    = 
| website          = 
| portaldisp       = 
| imagesize        = 
| relatives        = {{plainlist|
*ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱳ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ (ᱵᱟᱵᱟ)
*ᱱᱳᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ (ᱟᱭᱳ)}}
| native_name      = घासीराम महली
| native_name_lang = Hi
}}
'''ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ''' ({{Langx|hi|घासीराम महली}}; ᱑᱗ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱘᱕᱙ – ᱑᱙᱓᱗) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]-ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;jknews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.jknews.in/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%82-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AE/|title=कविता सबका दिल छू लेती थी: मुकुंद नायक|website=jknews|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306174910/http://www.jknews.in/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%82-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AE/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱱᱡᱳ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱩᱨᱜᱟᱶ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱞ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱪᱟᱱᱦᱳ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱳ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱳᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/jharkhand/ratu/news/JHA-MAT-latest-ratu-news-043503-1297836-NOR.html|title=चान्हो में महली जनजाति विकास मंच की बैठक|website=bhaskar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/ramgarh/story-all-india-mahalis-association-meetings-1690396.html|title=अखिल भारतीय महली संघ की बैठक|website=livehindustan.com|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA99|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyan 2021|isbn=978-9351867982|author=Manish Ranjan|via=books.google|date=2021|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |access-date=4 April 2022|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱜᱟᱶ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Nagpuri Shist Sahitya&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.322091/2015.322091.Nagpuri-Sisth_djvu.txt|title=Nagpuri Shist Sahitya|access-date=24 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱮ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ &quot;ᱱᱟᱜᱽ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱟᱵᱚᱞᱤ ᱡᱷᱩᱢᱟᱨ&quot;, &quot;ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱦᱢᱟᱥᱟ&quot;, &quot;ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱪᱷᱟᱱ&quot;, &quot;ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ&quot;, &quot;ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱛᱚᱥᱚᱛᱤ&quot;, &quot;ᱞᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱚᱱᱡᱚᱱᱟ&quot;, &quot;ᱥᱤᱛᱟ ᱥᱣᱟᱭᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ&quot;, &quot;ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱬ&quot;, &quot;ᱨᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ&quot;, &quot;ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱚᱨᱤᱛᱨᱚ&quot;, &quot;ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨᱠᱟᱱᱰ&quot;, &quot;ᱩᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ&quot;, &quot;ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱜᱩᱣᱟ ᱜᱤᱛ&quot;, ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱛᱩᱛᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;jknews&quot;/&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱘᱕᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱓᱗ ᱜᱩᱨ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>191368</id>
      <parentid>191366</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T11:41:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
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      <text bytes="6875" sha1="k75hpzx119dvrhbyf5f2vao69aaibz6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox writer
| name             = ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ
| honorific_prefix = ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱠᱚᱵᱤ
| pseudonym        = 
| birth_name       = 
| birth_date       = ᱑᱗ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱘᱕᱙
| birth_place      = ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱟᱴ, [[ᱪᱟᱱᱦᱳ ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ]], [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ]], [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
| death_date       = ᱑᱙᱓᱗
| death_place      = 
| resting_place    = 
| occupation       = {{plainlist|*ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ
*ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ
*ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ}}
| language         = [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
| education        = 
| alma_mater       = 
| period           = 
| genre            = [[ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱮ]], [[ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
| subject          = 
| movement         = 
| notableworks     = {{plainlist|
*ᱱᱟᱜᱽ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱟᱵᱚᱞᱤ ᱡᱷᱩᱢᱟᱹᱨ
*ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱦᱢᱟᱥᱟ
*ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱪᱷᱟᱱ
*ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ
*ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱛᱚᱥᱚᱛᱤ 
*ᱞᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱚᱱᱡᱚᱱᱟ
*ᱥᱤᱛᱟ ᱥᱣᱟᱭᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ
*ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱬ
*ᱨᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ
*ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱚᱨᱤᱛᱨᱚ
*ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨᱠᱟᱱᱰ
*ᱩᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ
*ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱜᱩᱣᱟ ᱜᱤᱛ
*ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱛᱩᱛᱤ
}}
| awards           = 
| signature        = 
| signature_alt    = 
| website          = 
| portaldisp       = 
| imagesize        = 
| relatives        = {{plainlist|
*ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱳ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ (ᱵᱟᱵᱟ)
*ᱱᱳᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ (ᱟᱭᱳ)}}
| native_name      = घासीराम महली
| native_name_lang = Hi
}}
'''ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ''' ({{Langx|hi|घासीराम महली}}; ᱑᱗ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱘᱕᱙ – ᱑᱙᱓᱗) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]-ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;jknews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.jknews.in/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%82-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AE/|title=कविता सबका दिल छू लेती थी: मुकुंद नायक|website=jknews|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306174910/http://www.jknews.in/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%82-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AE/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱱᱡᱳ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱩᱨᱜᱟᱶ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱩᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱪᱟᱱᱦᱳ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱳ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱳᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/jharkhand/ratu/news/JHA-MAT-latest-ratu-news-043503-1297836-NOR.html|title=चान्हो में महली जनजाति विकास मंच की बैठक|website=bhaskar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/ramgarh/story-all-india-mahalis-association-meetings-1690396.html|title=अखिल भारतीय महली संघ की बैठक|website=livehindustan.com|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA99|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyan 2021|isbn=978-9351867982|author=Manish Ranjan|via=books.google|date=2021|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |access-date=4 April 2022|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱜᱟᱶ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Nagpuri Shist Sahitya&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.322091/2015.322091.Nagpuri-Sisth_djvu.txt|title=Nagpuri Shist Sahitya|access-date=24 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱮ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ &quot;ᱱᱟᱜᱽ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱟᱵᱚᱞᱤ ᱡᱷᱩᱢᱟᱨ&quot;, &quot;ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱦᱢᱟᱥᱟ&quot;, &quot;ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱪᱷᱟᱱ&quot;, &quot;ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ&quot;, &quot;ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱛᱚᱥᱚᱛᱤ&quot;, &quot;ᱞᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱚᱱᱡᱚᱱᱟ&quot;, &quot;ᱥᱤᱛᱟ ᱥᱣᱟᱭᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ&quot;, &quot;ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱬ&quot;, &quot;ᱨᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ&quot;, &quot;ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱚᱨᱤᱛᱨᱚ&quot;, &quot;ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨᱠᱟᱱᱰ&quot;, &quot;ᱩᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ&quot;, &quot;ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱜᱩᱣᱟ ᱜᱤᱛ&quot;, ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱛᱩᱛᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;jknews&quot;/&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱘᱕᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱓᱗ ᱜᱩᱨ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>k75hpzx119dvrhbyf5f2vao69aaibz6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>