ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ satwiki https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.26 first-letter ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ TimedText TimedText talk ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ Event Event talk 0 8497 191401 191354 2026-05-02T12:48:23Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = ᱦᱳ | population = {{circa|᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ}} | total_ref = {{efn|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑.᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑,᱗᱓᱓,᱓᱕᱕), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱑,᱐᱓᱓,᱐᱙᱕ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕,᱒᱕᱑ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱖᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="Cen2011">{{cite web|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|website=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, India|access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref>}} | total_year = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | image = Ho Tribal Lady.jpg | caption = ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱾ | popplace = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | region2 = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | pop2 = ᱙᱒᱘,᱒᱘᱙<ref name="Cen2011" /> | region3 = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] | pop3 = ᱗᱐᱕,᱖᱑᱘<ref name="Cen2011" /> | region4 = {{spaces|13}} [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | pop4 = ᱒᱓,᱔᱘᱓<ref name="Cen2011" /> | region5 = {{spaces|14}}[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] | pop5 = ᱗᱑᱕<ref name="Cen2011" /> | languages = [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] | religions = {{hlist|[[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]}} | related = {{hlist|[[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] | [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] | [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] | [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] }} | footnotes = ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱠᱳᱞ, ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ-ᱠᱳᱞ]]''' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |title= Kolha |url=https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |publisher=Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Odisha |year=2018 |isbn=978-93-80705-56-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921094725/https://repository.tribal.gov.in/bitstream/123456789/73843/1/SCST_2018_handbook_0063.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>| | native_name = ᱞᱟᱲᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱞ | native_name_lang = | flag = }} '''ᱦᱳ''' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ]] [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱳᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐.᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱗.᱓% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="CensusST2011">{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html|title = Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], [[ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref name="JharkhandData">{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_jharkhand.pdf |title = Jharkhand: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes |access-date= 6 March 2008 |work= Census of India 2001 |publisher= Census Commission of India }}</ref> ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐᱖,᱙᱒᱑ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="CensusST2011"/><ref name="Tribal">{{cite web |title=Scheduled Tribals |url=https://tribal.nic.in/ST/Tribal%20Profile.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in |access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=High hopes for Ho |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-Ho/articleshow/9275704.cms |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 July 2011 |language=en}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url=http://mattersindia.com/2015/02/journeying-together-with-ho-tribes-in-odisha/ | title=Journeying together with Ho tribes in Odisha| date=16 February 2015}}</ref> ''[[ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=ethno>{{cite web |url= https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hoc |title= Ho: A Language of India | access-date= 14 October 2017 |work= Ethnologue | publisher= SIL International }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱾<ref name="Mohan">{{cite book|last1=Mohan|first1=Shailendra|editor1-last=Hashnain|editor1-first=Imtiaz|editor2-last=Bagga-Gupta|editor2-first=Sangeeta|editor3-last=Mohan|editor3-first=Shailendra|title=Linguistic Identity and Language Preferences Among the Austro-Asiatic Language Speakers of Jharkhand|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9781443847162|pages=286–303|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/download/45589677/linguistic_identity_and_language_preference.pdf|access-date=9 October 2017|chapter=20}}</ref> ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ == ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ == {{main|ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}} ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱳᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱳᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ-ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱦᱳ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱣᱡᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ|ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨ-ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨᱟ, [[ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱙᱒% ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱭᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=ethno /> ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱣᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hoffman|first1=Paul|title=(Re)inventing writing: stories and histories|page=5|url=http://www.hoffmancommapaul.com/papers/lis470/re-inventing-writing.pdf|website=hoffmancommapaul.com|access-date=16 October 2017}}</ref> == ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ == [[File:OpenSpeaks-Hoc-Ruum Sakam-Sunaram Singh Tiyu-Cultivation.webm|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ]] ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱡᱟᱹᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱠᱚ, ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ, ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱳ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱥᱤᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>Srinivasan, N.R., ''History of The Indian Iron and Steel Company'', 1983, p. 137</ref> ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱩᱣᱟ, ᱱᱳᱣᱟᱢᱩᱱᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱾ == ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ == *[[ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Balmuchu |first1=Pradeep Kumar |date=31 May 2018 |url=http://rsdebate.nic.in/rsdebate56/handle/123456789/683309?viewItem=browse |title=Demand to include the language 'Ho' spoken in Jharkhand, in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution |journal=Parliament of India |access-date=Jan 13, 2025}}</ref> *[[ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ * [[ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/130417/tribal-girl-lipika-singh-darai-from-odisha-wins-4-national-awards-in-7-years.html|title=Tribal girl Lipika Singh Darai from Odisha wins 4 National Awards in 7 years|date=13 April 2017|publisher=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> *[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱚᱱ ᱜᱤᱞᱩᱣᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ <ref>{{cite news |title=''हो'' भाषा को संविधान की आठवीं अनुसूची में शामिल करने की मांग के साथ जंतर मंतर पर प्रदर्शन |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/saraikela-kharsawan/1229312 |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=Prabhat Khabar |date=3 December 2018 |language=hi}}</ref> *[[ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ <ref name="Thaker">{{cite news|last1=Thaker|first1=Jayesh|title=Poll Power Trips Geeta Koda means business|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128004020/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141128/jsp/jharkhand/story_19097253.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 November 2014|access-date=11 November 2017|work=The Telegraph India|date=28 November 2014}}</ref> *[[ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] - ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] <ref name="Thaker" /> *[[ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱝᱠᱩ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ <ref>{{cite news |last1=Choudhary |first1=Manoj |date=12 Apr 2014 |title=Madhu Koda, Bagun Sumbrui still call the shots in Singhbhum |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-ranchi/20140412/281706907663747 |work=PressReader |access-date=Jan 13, 2025}}</ref> *[[ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱢ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢᱤᱡ <ref>{{cite web |title=Hamare Padma: Dr Janum Singh Soy gets Padma Shri Award for preserving Ho language |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBiOG0DT74A |website=YouTube | date=7 May 2023 |publisher=[[DD News]] |access-date=18 September 2023 |quote=Ethnicity mentioned between 2:10 to 2:15 |language=hi}}</ref> *[[ᱵᱟᱜᱩᱱ ᱥᱩᱢᱵᱨᱟᱭ]] - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/jun/29/ranchi-diary-1835300.html | title=Ranchi diary| date=29 June 2018}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ== {{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] 7hux9p5xn23bg69komaedzqdetxb3qa 0 18114 191400 191365 2026-05-02T12:47:10Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ | office2 = ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ, ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ | constituency2 = [[ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ]] | term_start2 = 1990 | term_end2 = 1991<ref>{{cite web | last=Sivaswamy | first=Saisuresh | title=From Tisco apprentice to giant-killer | website=Rediff | date=January 9, 2009 | url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2009/jan/09jhar-from-tisco-apprentice-to-giant-killer.htm | access-date=September 11, 2025}}</ref> | predecessor2 = ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱰᱤ | successor2 = [[ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ]] | occupation = [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]], [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] | pronunciation = | birth_name = | birth_date = ᱑᱙᱕᱕/᱑᱙᱕᱖<ref name=AgeAvenueMail>{{cite web | title=Prominent leaders file nomination, activists hit streets | website=The Avenue Mail | date=November 11, 2014 | url=https://avenuemail.in/prominent-leaders-file-nomination-activists-hit-streets/ | access-date=September 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927130757/https://avenuemail.in/prominent-leaders-file-nomination-activists-hit-streets/ |archive-date=27 September 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> | birth_place = ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱠᱟᱸᱡᱤᱭᱟ, ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, [[ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ]], [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]])<ref>{{cite web |work=Government of India | title=Extraordinary Gazette of India, 2004, No. 2102 : Directorate of Printing, Government of India | date=April 22, 2004 | url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.e.2004.2102/page/n97/ | access-date=September 12, 2025}}</ref> | party = [[ᱚᱞ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] <br>[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱤᱯᱩᱞᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] | other_party = | education = ᱮᱢ.ᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ<ref name=telegraph1>{{cite web | title=Far ahead on the write track | website=Telegraph India | date=December 20, 2004 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/far-ahead-on-the-write-track/cid/1594532 | access-date=September 11, 2025}}</ref><ref name=telegraph2>{{cite web | last=Singh | first=Ankush | title=BJP nominee from Ghatshila reunites with school friends after 45 years | website=Telegraph India | date=December 9, 2009 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/besra-walks-down-memory-lane-bjp-nominee-from-ghatshila-reunites-with-school-friends-after-45-years/cid/565854 | access-date=September 11, 2025}}</ref> | alma_mater = [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] | profession = | known_for = [[ᱚᱞ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ<br>[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱦᱩᱞ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱞ]] }} '''ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱞ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] ‌ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱤᱯᱩᱞᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱦᱩᱞ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱞ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surya Singh Besra(Jharkhand Peoples Party):Constituency- JAMSHEDPUR(JHARKHAND) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/loksabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=12911 |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=झारखंड के फायरब्रांड नेता रहे सूर्य सिंह बेसरा को किसने दी चुनौती, जानिए |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-who-challenged-the-firebrand-leader-of-jharkhand-surya-singh-besra-know-21943963.html |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> == ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱕᱕ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱑᱙᱕᱖) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ, ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱠᱟᱸᱡᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tillin |first=Louise |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abENAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |title=Remapping India: New States and their Political Origins |date=2013-10-01 |publisher=Hurst Publishers |isbn=978-1-84904-229-1 |pages=83 |language=en}}</ref> ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱛᱳᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱠᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ.ᱮ. ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱨᱥ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱱᱤᱛᱤᱥᱟ, ᱱᱤᱞᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱣᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱪᱪᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ 'ᱢᱟᱛᱠᱳᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Press_Release_(English)_SATA_2017.pdf|title=Press Release: Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2017|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|date=21 December 2017|access-date=17 March 2026}}</ref> == ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:left;" |+ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ |-style="background:#efefef;" ! ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ! ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ! ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ! colspan="2"| ᱫᱚᱞ ! ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ! % ! ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ! class="unsortable"|ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ |- | [[᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱔]] | rowspan="3"|[[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | [[ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ]] | {{Party name with colour| Jharkhand People's Party|rowspan=2}} | ᱑᱙,᱔᱙᱔ | ᱑.᱓᱑% | {{Lost}} |<ref>{{cite web|title= General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024 — Parliamentary Constituency 33 - Jhargram (West Bengal) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2533.htm}}</ref> |- | [[᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱑᱙]] | rowspan="2"|[[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] | ᱑,᱗᱑᱗ | ᱐.᱙᱙% | {{Lost}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Reports: Election Commission of India, Elections, 2019 (17 LOK SABHA) |url=https://ceojh.jharkhand.gov.in/VS2019/Statistical_Report-VS-19.pdf |access-date=12 September 2025}}</ref> |- | [[᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱐᱔]] | {{Party name with colour|Nagaland Peoples Front}} | ᱑᱑,᱐᱕᱗ | ᱑.᱔᱒% | {{Lost}} | <ref>{{cite report|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 2004 TO THE 14th LOK SABHA - VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS) |publisher=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA |location=NEW DELHI |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/ }}</ref> |- | [[᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱔]] | rowspan="5"|[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | rowspan="2"|[[ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ]] | {{Party name with colour| Jharkhand People's Party|rowspan=3}} | ᱕᱒᱗ | ᱐.᱒᱘% | {{Lost}} |<ref>{{cite web | title=2024 General Election Results | website=Election Commission of India | url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S2745.htm | access-date=September 11, 2025}}</ref> |- | [[᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱑᱙]] | ᱒,᱒᱕᱕ | ᱑.᱓᱓% | {{Lost}} |<ref name=oldreport>{{cite web|title= Statistics Report of Old Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/statistical-reports/ |website=Election Commission of India }}</ref> |- | [[᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱑᱔]] | [[ᱯᱚᱴᱠᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱯᱚᱴᱠᱟ]] | ᱑᱒,᱑᱗᱗ | ᱖.᱕᱕% | {{Lost}} |<ref name=oldreport/> |- | [[᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱐᱙]] | [[ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ]] | {{Party name with colour| Bharatiya Janata Party}} | ᱒᱘,᱕᱖᱑ | ᱒᱒.᱕᱒% | {{Lost}} |<ref name=oldreport/> |- |[[᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱐᱕]] | rowspan="2"|[[ᱯᱚᱴᱠᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱯᱚᱴᱠᱟ]] | {{Party name with colour| Jharkhand People's Party}} | ᱒᱑,᱑᱖᱒ | ᱑᱕.᱙᱗% | {{Lost}} |<ref name=oldreport/> |- | [[᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱐᱐]] | rowspan="4"|[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | {{Party name with colour| Independent|abbrev=yes}} | ᱒᱐,᱔᱒᱑ | ᱒᱐.᱐᱕% | {{Lost}} |<ref name=oldreport/> |- | [[᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱑᱙᱙᱕]] | rowspan="3"|[[ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ]] | {{Party name with colour| Jharkhand People's Party}} | ᱗,᱙᱑᱔ | ᱖.᱗᱒% | {{Lost}} |<ref name=oldreport/> |- | [[᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱑᱙᱙᱐]] | {{Party name with colour| Independent|abbrev=yes}} | ᱒᱕,᱐᱕᱔ | ᱓᱑.᱗᱔% | {{Won}} |<ref name=oldreport/> |- | [[᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱑᱙᱘᱕]] | {{Party name with colour| Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}} | ᱒᱐,᱑᱓᱔ | ᱓᱑.᱙᱖% | {{Lost}} |<ref name=oldreport/> |- |} == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱞ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐–᱑᱙᱙᱕]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] pyf8d5jgr2apdrl4iayk98javsalifb 0 21831 191389 191364 2026-05-02T12:35:27Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 removed [[Category:ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ]]; added [[Category:ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 191389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ | population = ᱑᱕᱕,᱐᱒᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ) | total_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref> | popplace = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ | region1 = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | pop1 = ᱑᱕᱒,᱖᱖᱓ | region2 = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | pop2 = ᱒,᱓᱖᱐ | region3 = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]] | pop3 = ᱑᱓,᱔᱕᱒ (᱑᱙᱕᱑ {{estimated}}) | ref3 = <ref name=1951Estimate>{{cite web |title=Estimated Population by Castes, 5. Assam – Census 1951 |year=1954 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308003624/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2024 |url-status=live |publisher=Office of the Registrar General, India |access-date=7 August 2024 }}</ref> | region4 = ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ | pop4 = ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ) | langs = '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' <br /> [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] <br />'''[[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]''' <br /> [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] | religions = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]<ref>"Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2 November 2017.</ref> | related = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]]{{•}}[[ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ]]{{•}}ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ{{*}}[[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] }} '''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ''' (ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ '''ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20&%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20(SCHEDULED%20TRIBES)%20ORDER,%201950.pdf | title = The Constitution (Scheduled tribes) Order, 1950 | pages = 173, 182 | publisher = Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India | access-date = 11 March 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114304/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/rules%20%26%20order%20under%20Constitution/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20%28SCHEDULED%20TRIBES%29%20ORDER%2C%201950.pdf | archive-date = 27 January 2018 | url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱢᱟᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3gzryWrMuQC&q=mahli+tribe&pg=PA53|title=Tanks in Eastern India: A Study in Exploration|isbn=9789290907312|last1=Pant|first1=Niranjan|last2=Verma|first2=R. K.|year=2010}}</ref> ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱦᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ]], [[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ)|ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ota |first=A.B. |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |title=Mahali |website=tribal.nic.in |year=2014}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mjx|title=Mahali|website=ethnologue}}</ref> ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 'ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>Zakarias Dumri, BA (Hons), MA in History from Rajshahi University & Director-MAASAUS, a centre working for development of the Mahles located at Village-Damkura, PS-Poba, District-Rajshahi</ref> ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱪᱮᱛ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱤᱠᱽᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ - ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱩᱥᱳ, ᱠᱳᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱝᱜᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱾<ref>'The Mahali Community of Damkura', Sheikh Mehedi Hasan, The Daily Prothom Alo, 24 August 2009.</ref> == ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ == ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱸᱥᱯᱷᱳᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ, ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤ, ᱛᱟᱸᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱵᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱲᱮ), ᱵᱷᱩᱠᱛᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱰᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱤ), ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱦᱮ), ᱤᱱᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ (ᱵᱟᱺᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ), ᱠᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱥᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱨᱜᱟᱪᱷ (ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱷᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ), ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱠᱮᱨᱠᱮᱴᱴᱟ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱢᱟᱦᱩᱠᱟᱞ (ᱪᱮᱬᱮ), ᱛᱤᱨᱠᱤ, ᱛᱩᱱᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱛᱩᱨᱩ, ᱞᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ - ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ, ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ, ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce02russ_0|year=1916|publisher=Macmillan and Co|location=London|title=The tribes and castes of the Central Provinces of India}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyxuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA126|title=Bihar District Gazetteers, Volume 12; Volume 16|year=1970|author=Pranab Chandra Roy Choudhury|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|page=128}}</ref> == ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ == ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩ-ᱚᱬᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱛᱩᱢᱫᱟᱜ]], ᱰᱷᱳᱞ, [[ᱴᱟᱢᱟᱠ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrumDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT144|title=Environment, Knowledge and Gender: Local Development in India's Jharkhand|isbn=978-1351729895|access-date=4 April 2022|last1=Jewitt|first1=Sarah|date=31 July 2019|publisher=Routledge }}</ref> ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱡᱟᱹᱦᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤ (ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱱᱥᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ]] ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ, ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyanand|website=books.google|isbn=9789351867982|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=19 August 2002|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan }}</ref> == ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ == ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46519807.pdf|title=An Anthropological Study of Rural Jharkhand, India|first=Alpa|last=Shah|page=53|date=2003|access-date=8 November 2022|quote=Jharkhand categorises the Mahelis along with the Oraon, Munda and Badaiks, as a Scheduled Tribe}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== *{{Cite book| first=A.B. |last=Ota | title=Mahali |year=2014 |url=https://tribal.nic.in/repository/ViewDoc.aspx?RepositoryNo=TRI28-08-2017121935&file=Docs/TRI28-08-2017121935.pdf |website=tribal.nic.in}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ]] lk9o5o30wvhwbzwfntjai3liotwdxuf 0 34774 191421 187970 2026-05-03T08:44:26Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ */ 191421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ | image = | caption = ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ (᱑᱙᱖᱓–᱑᱙᱘᱖) | birth_date = {{Birth date|1963|9|7}} | birth_place = [[ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱜᱟᱲ]], [[ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | death_date = {{death date and age|1986|9|5|1963|9|7}} | death_place = [[ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱪᱤ]], ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ | occupation = ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱟᱴᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ, ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱞ | awards = [[ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱟ]] (᱑᱙᱘᱗) }} '''ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ''' (᱗ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱓ – ᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱖) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱟᱴᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Bio">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.biography.com/personality/neerja-bhanot |title=Neerja Bhanot Biography |publisher=Biography.com |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ (Pan Am) ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱗᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱓᱕᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="NDTV">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/neerja-bhanot-the-brave-heart-who-saved-hundreds-of-lives-1278144 |title=Neerja Bhanot: The Brave Heart |publisher=NDTV |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱣᱤᱨᱛᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ '''ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱟ''' ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Ashoka">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/neerja-bhanot |title=Ashoka Chakra Awardees |publisher=Gallantry Awards |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> == ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ == ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱚᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱨᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Times">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Neerja-Bhanot-The-girl-who-defied-death/articleshow/50953496.cms |title=The girl who defied death |publisher=The Times of India |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱰ ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱡᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Vogue">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/neerja-bhanot-real-story-pan-am-flight-73-hijack |title=The Real Story of Neerja Bhanot |publisher=Vogue India |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> == ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱰ (TV Ads) ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Bio" /> ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ (Pan Am) ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱟᱴᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱨ (Senior Flight Purser) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="CNN">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/19/asia/neerja-bhanot-movie-pan-am-73/index.html |title=The story of Neerja Bhanot |publisher=CNN |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> == ᱯᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱗᱓ ᱦᱟᱭᱡᱮᱠ == ᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙ᱮ᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱗᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱡᱮᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="NDTV" /> ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱠᱯᱤᱴ ᱠᱨᱩ (Cockpit Crew) ᱮ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱤᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾<ref name="Vogue" /> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱞᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱗ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ashoka" /> == ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ == ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱞᱼᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ '''ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱟ''' ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ashoka" /> ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ '''ᱛᱟᱢᱜᱷᱟ-ᱮ-ᱤᱱᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱛ''' ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="NDTV" /> ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ '''Justice for Crimes Award''' ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="CNN" /> == ᱯᱚᱯᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ == ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ '''"ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ"''' (Neerja) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Film">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4661064/ |title=Neerja (2016) |publisher=IMDb |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱱᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == <references /> [[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ]] [[Category:ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱟ ᱵᱤᱡᱮᱛᱟ]] [[Category:᱑᱙᱘᱖ ᱜᱩᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱳᱠᱞᱳᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖]] lpwjfbbt5u6knr5yg9cyxjf5rg1r7h5 191422 191421 2026-05-03T08:45:00Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 191422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ | image = | caption = ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ (᱑᱙᱖᱓–᱑᱙᱘᱖) | birth_date = {{Birth date|1963|9|7}} | birth_place = [[ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱜᱟᱲ]], [[ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | death_date = {{death date and age|1986|9|5|1963|9|7}} | death_place = [[ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱪᱤ]], ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ | occupation = ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱟᱴᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ, ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱞ | awards = [[ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱟ]] (᱑᱙᱘᱗) }} '''ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ''' (᱗ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱓ – ᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱖) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱟᱴᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Bio">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.biography.com/personality/neerja-bhanot |title=Neerja Bhanot Biography |publisher=Biography.com |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ (Pan Am) ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱗᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱓᱕᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="NDTV">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/neerja-bhanot-the-brave-heart-who-saved-hundreds-of-lives-1278144 |title=Neerja Bhanot: The Brave Heart |publisher=NDTV |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱞᱼᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ '''ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱟ''' ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Ashoka">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/neerja-bhanot |title=Ashoka Chakra Awardees |publisher=Gallantry Awards |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> == ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ == ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱚᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱨᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Times">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Neerja-Bhanot-The-girl-who-defied-death/articleshow/50953496.cms |title=The girl who defied death |publisher=The Times of India |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱰ ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱡᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Vogue">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/neerja-bhanot-real-story-pan-am-flight-73-hijack |title=The Real Story of Neerja Bhanot |publisher=Vogue India |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> == ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱰ (TV Ads) ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Bio" /> ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ (Pan Am) ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱟᱴᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱨ (Senior Flight Purser) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="CNN">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/19/asia/neerja-bhanot-movie-pan-am-73/index.html |title=The story of Neerja Bhanot |publisher=CNN |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> == ᱯᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱗᱓ ᱦᱟᱭᱡᱮᱠ == ᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙ᱮ᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱗᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱡᱮᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="NDTV" /> ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱠᱯᱤᱴ ᱠᱨᱩ (Cockpit Crew) ᱮ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱤᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾<ref name="Vogue" /> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱞᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱗ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ashoka" /> == ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ == ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱞᱼᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ '''ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱟ''' ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ashoka" /> ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ '''ᱛᱟᱢᱜᱷᱟ-ᱮ-ᱤᱱᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱛ''' ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="NDTV" /> ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ '''Justice for Crimes Award''' ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="CNN" /> == ᱯᱚᱯᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ == ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ '''"ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ"''' (Neerja) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Film">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4661064/ |title=Neerja (2016) |publisher=IMDb |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱱᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == <references /> [[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ]] [[Category:ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱟ ᱵᱤᱡᱮᱛᱟ]] [[Category:᱑᱙᱘᱖ ᱜᱩᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱳᱠᱞᱳᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖]] 3zfal02arhhde59rdsx342w4f77a8kj 191423 191422 2026-05-03T08:45:19Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 191423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ | image = | caption = ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ (᱑᱙᱖᱓–᱑᱙᱘᱖) | birth_date = {{Birth date|1963|9|7}} | birth_place = [[ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱜᱟᱲ]], [[ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | death_date = {{death date and age|1986|9|5|1963|9|7}} | death_place = [[ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱪᱤ]], ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ | occupation = ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱟᱴᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ, ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱞ | awards = [[ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱟ]] (᱑᱙᱘᱗) }} '''ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ''' (᱗ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱓ – ᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱖) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱟᱴᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Bio">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.biography.com/personality/neerja-bhanot |title=Neerja Bhanot Biography |publisher=Biography.com |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ (Pan Am) ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱗᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱓᱕᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="NDTV">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/neerja-bhanot-the-brave-heart-who-saved-hundreds-of-lives-1278144 |title=Neerja Bhanot: The Brave Heart |publisher=NDTV |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱞᱼᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ '''ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ''' ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Ashoka">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/neerja-bhanot |title=Ashoka Chakra Awardees |publisher=Gallantry Awards |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> == ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ == ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱚᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱨᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Times">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Neerja-Bhanot-The-girl-who-defied-death/articleshow/50953496.cms |title=The girl who defied death |publisher=The Times of India |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱰ ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱡᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Vogue">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/neerja-bhanot-real-story-pan-am-flight-73-hijack |title=The Real Story of Neerja Bhanot |publisher=Vogue India |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> == ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱰ (TV Ads) ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Bio" /> ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ (Pan Am) ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱟᱴᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱨ (Senior Flight Purser) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="CNN">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/19/asia/neerja-bhanot-movie-pan-am-73/index.html |title=The story of Neerja Bhanot |publisher=CNN |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> == ᱯᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱗᱓ ᱦᱟᱭᱡᱮᱠ == ᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙ᱮ᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱗᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱡᱮᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="NDTV" /> ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱠᱯᱤᱴ ᱠᱨᱩ (Cockpit Crew) ᱮ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱤᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾<ref name="Vogue" /> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱞᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱗ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱛᱟᱸᱠᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ashoka" /> == ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ == ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱼᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱞᱼᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ '''ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱟ''' ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ashoka" /> ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ '''ᱛᱟᱢᱜᱷᱟ-ᱮ-ᱤᱱᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱛ''' ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="NDTV" /> ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ '''Justice for Crimes Award''' ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="CNN" /> == ᱯᱚᱯᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ == ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ '''"ᱱᱤᱨᱡᱟ"''' (Neerja) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Film">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4661064/ |title=Neerja (2016) |publisher=IMDb |access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱱᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == <references /> [[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ]] [[Category:ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱟ ᱵᱤᱡᱮᱛᱟ]] [[Category:᱑᱙᱘᱖ ᱜᱩᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱳᱠᱞᱳᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖]] 05ymdqfk3w2a2m9fulsozeuoffs8z6o 0 35413 191393 190215 2026-05-02T12:39:07Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ */ 191393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Mobile money transfer service}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}} {{lowercase title}} {{Infobox company | name = bKash Limited | logo = BKash logo.svg | logo_size = 150px | logo_caption = Logo since 2010 | image = BKash Head Office.jpg | image_caption = bKash Corporate Office | type = [[Privately held company|Private]] | founded = {{Start date and age|2010|07|21}} | founder = [[Kamal Quadir]] | hq_location = Shadhinata Tower, 1, Bir Sreshtha Shaheed Jahangir Gate, Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka 1206 | area_served = Bangladesh<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.thebanker.com/Bangladesh-s-bKash-revolution-1456822815 |magazine=The Banker |title=Bangladesh's bKash revolution}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://nuvei.com/apm/bkash/ |title=BKash |access-date=3 April 2026 |archive-date=20 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820095458/https://www.nuvei.com/apm/bkash |url-status=dead }}</ref> | key_people = {{ubl|[[Kamal Quadir]] (CEO)|Shameran Abed (Chairman)}} | services = [[Mobile financial services]] | parent = [[BRAC Bank]], [[Ant Financial]], [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]], Money in Motion LLC, [[International Finance Corporation]], [[SoftBank Vision Fund]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bkash.com/node/2473 |title=bKash and Ant Financial in strategic partnership to promote financial inclusion for the unbanked in Bangladesh |website=bKash |access-date=26 February 2019 |archive-date=28 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728075507/https://www.bkash.com/node/2473 |url-status=live}}</ref> | website = {{URL|https://bkash.com}} }} '''ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥ''' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱳᱱ]] ᱢᱮᱥᱮᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱥᱴᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱝ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱩᱢᱩᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ [[ᱵᱨᱟᱠ ᱵᱮᱝ]] ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱥᱴᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱪᱟᱞᱚᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱥᱴᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱟᱠ ᱵᱮᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱤ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱴᱟᱯ-ᱟᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ᱾ == ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ == [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠ ᱠᱟᱫᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱠᱵᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱫᱤᱨ]] ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ''ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥ'' ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱠᱤᱱ᱾᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱱᱚᱛᱚ [[ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱳᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱶᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ, [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱤᱝ ᱥᱮᱶᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩᱣᱟᱼᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫᱽ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱝᱥᱤᱫᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ [[ᱵᱨᱟᱠ ᱵᱮᱝ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱥᱴᱟᱛᱟ [[ᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱡᱞᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱵᱮᱫᱽ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱳᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱨᱟᱠ ᱵᱮᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱑ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ}} kkhg04zor1rxc54zackxetf58pffhjo 0 35416 191395 190185 2026-05-02T12:40:35Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ */ 191395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ'''('''ᱡᱤ ᱯᱮ''' ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ '''ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱳᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱮ''') ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ''ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ'' ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱭᱥᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ-ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱽ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱭᱥᱟ ᱛᱷᱩᱞᱤ''' ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱ-ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱭᱥᱟ ᱟᱛᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱫᱫᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱ-ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱳᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱜᱷᱩᱲᱤ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱭᱥᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱒᱔ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ''ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱳᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ==ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ== == ᱟᱨᱦᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ == == ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ}} ==ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱟᱛ== ph715ly6kafbgiwm9kdrypgena3eb0g 191396 191395 2026-05-02T12:40:58Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 191395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ'''('''ᱡᱤ ᱯᱮ''' ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ '''ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱳᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱮ''') ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ''ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ'' ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱭᱥᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ-ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱽ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱭᱥᱟ ᱛᱷᱩᱞᱤ''' ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱ-ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱭᱥᱟ ᱟᱛᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱫᱫᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱ-ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱳᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱜᱷᱩᱲᱤ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱭᱥᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱒᱔ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ''ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱳᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ==ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ== == ᱟᱨᱦᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ == == ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ}} ==ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱟᱛ== ph715ly6kafbgiwm9kdrypgena3eb0g 0 35763 191394 191367 2026-05-02T12:39:41Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ */ 191394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} {{Infobox website | name = ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ (PhonePe) | logo = PhonePe Logo.svg | logo_size = 200px | type = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]] | company_type = [[ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] | language = [[ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] (᱑᱑) | founded = ᱒᱐᱑᱕ | area_served = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | founder = {{Unbulleted_list|ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|title=Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem|website=[[Tech in Asia]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235405/https://www.techinasia.com/phone-pe-has-big-goals|url-status=live}}</ref> {{small|([[ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief executive officer|ᱥᱤ.ᱤ.ᱳ]])}}|ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ {{small|([[ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Chief technology officer|ᱥᱤᱴᱤᱳ]])}}|ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ {{small|([[ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[Corporate title#Senior management|ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱨ.ᱳ]])}}}} | industry = [[Fintech|ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱴᱮᱠ]], [[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], [[Payment gateway|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]] | services = {{hlist||[[Payment system|ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]] ᱠᱚ|[[Financial services|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]|}} | revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|7115|c}} (᱒᱐᱒᱕)<ref name="w120">{{cite web | title=PhonePe cuts losses to ₹1,727.4 crore as revenue climbs 40% | website=The Hindu | date=2025-09-22 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/phonepe-cuts-losses-to-17274-crore-as-revenue-climbs-40/article70081985.ece | access-date=2025-11-03}}</ref> | parent = [[ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ]] | subsidiaries = | website = {{URL|https://www.phonepe.com/|phonepe.com}} | registration = ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ | commercial = ᱦᱚᱸ | users = ᱖᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ<ref name="j067">{{cite web | author=TNIE online desk | title=PhonePe files draft papers for $1.5 billion IPO | website=The New Indian Express | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2025/Sep/24/phonepe-files-draft-papers-for-15-billion-ipo | access-date=2025-11-03}}</ref> | current_status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ | native_clients = [[Android (operating system)|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]]<br />[[ᱟᱭ.ᱳ.ᱮᱥ]] | location = ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱨᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱡᱳᱱ, [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] | country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |title=Contact Us |publisher=PhonePe, Pvt Ltd |date=2015-03-15 |access-date=2019-09-29 |archive-date=3 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503194806/https://www.phonepe.com/en/contact_us.html |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ''' (PhonePe) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Abhinav|date=10 March 2020|title=Why digital payment firms should not rely on single bank|language=en|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129042605/https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/03/10/why-digital-payment-firms-should-not-rely-on-single-bank.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top ten Indian Fintech unicorns - ET BFSI |url=https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=ETBFSI.com |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331113105/https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/fintech/top-ten-indian-fintech-unicorns/83838113 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ, ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-02 |title=IBLA 2023: Walmart-backed PhonePe is this edition's 'Young Turk of The Year' - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/ibla-2023-phonepe-young-turk-of-the-year-sameer-nigam-fund-raise-valuation-UPI-payments-18465361.htm |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Chanchani|first1=Madhav|date=4 April 2016|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202082501/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱮᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ]] (ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ (live) ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Sen|first1=Anirban|date=10 January 2017|title=Flipkart's PhonePe crosses 10 million downloads on Google Play Store|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127042832/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/UYnMwPyHD8KKZZUJpb7uMP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-crosses-10-million-downloads-on-Google-Pl.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-29 |title=PhonePe offers guaranteed cashback on gold, silver: Here are details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/phonepe-offers-guaranteed-cashback-on-gold-silver/articleshow/87364688.cms |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱮᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=20 April 2020|title=5 digital payment platforms you can use during Coronavirus Lockdown|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|access-date=2020-07-19|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918205425/https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/5-digital-payment-platforms-you-can-use-to-make-payment-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1668921-2020-04-20|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱛᱟᱝ, ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤ.ᱴᱤ.ᱮᱪ (DTH) ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ, ᱤᱣᱴᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-30|title=PhonePe launches silver investments; allows users to buy silver coins and bars|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|access-date=2022-01-29|website=cnbctv18.com|language=en|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206052049/https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/market/commodities/phonepe-launches-silver-investments-allows-users-to-buy-silver-coins-and-bars-10939762.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Dasgupta|first1=Brinda|date=23 March 2018|title=Payments platform PhonePe looks to double its team|work=[[The Times Of India]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130115250/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/payments-platform-phonepe-looks-to-double-its-team/articleshow/63425639.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=Flipkart : India's most preferred online shopping store|url=https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|access-date=14 February 2020|website=The Indian Wire|date=3 July 2018 |archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806075740/https://www.theindianwire.com/startups/flipkart-62283/|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ (Flipkart)]] ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-01 |title=Flipkart acquires mobile payments firm PhonePe |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/flipkart-acquires-mobile-payments-firm-phonepe/article8422281.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Flipkart acquires former executive's startup PhonePe for payments push|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235450/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/flipkart-acquires-former-executives-startup-phonepe-for-payments-push/articleshow/51643300.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴ (FxMart) ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ-ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱥᱤ.ᱤ.ᱳ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Ritik |title=Meet man who once worked at Flipkart, now runs Rs 99400 crore company, he is… |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-man-who-once-worked-at-flipkart-now-runs-rs-99400-crore-company-he-is-3095061 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱭᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sahay |first=Priyanka |title=Flipkart's PhonePe ties up with Yes Bank to launch UPI-based app |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/zsJlcKjrJrEeCQK3t8wWbP/Flipkarts-PhonePe-launches-UPIbased-app.html |website=Live Mint|date=29 August 2016 }}</ref> ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ-ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=2022-12-23 |title=Flipkart and PhonePe complete separation |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607194232/https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/22/flipkart-and-phonepe-complete-separation/ |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref name="b233">{{cite web | title=PhonePe turns profitable excluding Esop costs in FY24 | website=The Times of India | date=2024-08-26 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/phonepe-turns-profitable-excluding-esop-costs-in-fy24/articleshow/112814953.cms | access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-09 |title=Walmart-owned PhonePe to enable UPI activation on Aadhaar-based OTP |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-UPI-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331114015/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/walmart-owned-phonepe-to-enable-UPI-activation-on-aadhaa-based-otp-122110901215_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-02-07 |title=PhonePe allows cross-border UPI payments in UAE, Singapore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-allows-cross-border-UPI-payments-in-uae-singapore/article66480856.ece |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱥᱮᱢᱤ-ᱠᱞᱳᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱮᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] (ᱟᱨ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reserve Bank of India - Publications|url=https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|access-date=2017-02-20|website=rbi.org.in|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235441/https://rbi.org.in/scripts/publicationsview.aspx?id=12043|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ]], ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱳᱛᱷ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱓᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ $᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Aman |date=2023-01-19 |title=PhonePe raises $350 mn from General Atlantic at $12 bn valuation |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419102302/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/phonepe-raises-350-mn-from-general-atlantic-at-12-bn-valuation-11674108233101.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱤᱵᱽᱵᱤᱴ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ]] (Ribbit Capital), [[ᱴᱟᱭᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱮᱥ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱣᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ $᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ $᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱮᱭ ᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PhonePe raises $100 million in additional funding |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Financialexpress |date=15 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404105443/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/phonepe-raises-100-million-in-additional-funding/2981617/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-23 |title=PhonePe gets another $100 million from General Atlantic; total funding rises to $850 million |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/phonepe-raises-additional-100-million-from-general-atlantic/articleshow/100413143.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ 'ᱯᱤᱱᱠᱳᱰ' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱳᱯᱤᱝ ᱮᱯ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞ]] ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ [[Open Network for Digital Commerce|ᱳ.ᱮᱱ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ]] ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-27 |title=PhonePe's Pincode Takes on Blinkit, Instamart Across Metros in Quick Commerce Game |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/start-up/phonepes-pincode-takes-on-blinkit-instamart-across-metros-in-quick-comm-game |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}</ref> ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱥᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ.ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ (Share.Market) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱣᱪᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PhonePe continues to earn nearly entire revenue from payments business |url=https://www.vccircle.com/phonepecontinues-to-earn-nearly-entire-revenue-from-payments-business |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=VCCircle |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=PhonePe launches Share.Market app, enters stock broking business |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-launches-share-market-app-enters-stock-broking-business-11693388028294.html |work=Livemint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-30 |title=PhonePe enters online stock broking with a new app |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/phonepe-enters-online-stock-broking-with-a-new-app/article67251374.ece |access-date=2025-03-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱤᱱᱫᱟᱥ ᱮᱯᱥᱴᱳᱨ (Indus Appstore), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ [[ᱮᱯ ᱥᱴᱳᱨ]] ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-05 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore surpasses 1 mn installations in 1 month |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/phonepes-indus-appstore-surpasses-1-mn-installations-in-1-month/116186 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=PhonePe's Indus Appstore Crosses 1 Million Installations Within A Month |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/phonepes-indus-appstore-crosses-1-million-installations-within-a-month |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PhonePe diversification strategy pays off, high revenue growth likely to sustain |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903170142/https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/phonepe-diversification-strategy-pays-off-high-revenue-growth-likely-to-sustain-article-12808510.html |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱤᱝ]] (ᱟᱭ.ᱯᱤ.ᱳ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="v539">{{cite web | title=UPI market leader PhonePe becomes a public company ahead of IPO | website=Moneycontrol | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/UPI-market-leader-phonepe-becomes-a-public-company-ahead-of-ipo-article-12998152.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}</ref><ref name="p351">{{cite web | title=PhonePe becomes public company amid mega IPO preparations | website=mint | date=2025-04-18 | url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-becomes-public-company-amid-mega-ipo-preparations-11744978561701.html | access-date=2025-11-03}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱯᱤ.ᱳ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱮᱥ.ᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] (SEBI) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref name="h184">{{cite web | title=PhonePe files draft prospectus for $1.5 billion IPO with Sebi through confidential route | website=The Economic Times | date=2025-09-24 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/phonepe-files-draft-ipo-papers-via-confidential-route/articleshow/124082872.cms?from=mdr | access-date=2025-11-03}}</ref> == ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ == ᱑᱔ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ]] ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[National Payments Corporation of India|ᱮᱱ.ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ (NPCI)]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sen|first=Anirban|date=2017-01-14|title=ICICI blocks PhonePe transactions in sign of banks moving to protect payments turf|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235422/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/V34XcBBjpRUgPyrWPX9qzN/ICICI-blocks-PhonePe-transactions-in-sign-of-banks-moving-to.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Peermohamed|first=Alnoor|date=2017-01-16|title=ICICI Bank blocks transactions through Flipkart wallet PhonePe|newspaper=[[BusinessStandard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235424/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/icici-bank-blocks-transactions-through-flipkart-wallet-phonepe-117011500600_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱑᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱫᱚ [[ICICI Bank|ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|title=NPCI instructs ICICI to allow UPI transactions on PhonePe immediately|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235444/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-instructs-icici-to-allow-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe-immediately/articleshow/56669210.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|title=After ICICI Bank, Airtel also blocks PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235446/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/after-icici-bank-airtel-also-blocks-phonepe/articleshow/56671243.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱒᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑৭ ᱨᱮ, NPCI ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|title=NPCI says Flipkart's PhonePe does not follow UPI rules - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-UPI-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235421/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/money/npci-says-flipkarts-phonepe-does-not-follow-UPI-rules/articleshow/56692212.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe app in breach of UPI guidelines: NPCI|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-UPI-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235408/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-app-in-breach-of-UPI-guidelines-npci-117012001547_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=PTI|date=2017-01-20|title=PhonePe in violation of UPI norms, says NPCI in U-turn|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235407/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/qkc3xTGBRnH0W3Xf80znLJ/Flipkarts-PhonePe-app-in-violation-of-UPI-norms-says-NPCI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nair|first=Vishwanath|date=2017-01-21|title=PhonePe stops all UPI-based payments on Flipkart website|newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235431/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/GQBybiQPaPwL5yI65NqVtI/PhonePe-stops-all-UPIbased-payments-on-Flipkart-website.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱛᱮ NPCI ᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱛᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ|ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|title=ICICI Bank resumes UPI transactions on PhonePe - The Economic Times|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225235438/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/icici-bank-resumes-UPI-transactions-on-phonepe/articleshow/56923051.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ.ᱯᱤ == ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ [[ᱮᱢᱯᱞᱚᱭᱤ ᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱚᱯᱥᱚᱱ]] (ᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱳ.ᱯᱤ) ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|last=Abrar|first=Peerzada|date=2021-02-04|title=PhonePe distributes ESOPs worth Rs 1,500 crore among all employees|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|access-date=2021-03-29|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206053550/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/phonepe-distributes-esops-worth-rs-1-500-crore-among-all-employees-121020401698_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ ᱤᱮᱥᱳᱯᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱵᱮᱠ (buyback) ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ {{INRConvert|1.35|b|year=2023}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱕% ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PhonePe announces ₹135 cr ESOPs buyback programme from employees this year |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/phonepe-announces-rs-135-cr-esops-buyback-programme-from-employees-this-year-11637309680573.html |website=Live Mint}}</ref> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]] * [[ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱣᱮ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} {{ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Official website|https://www.phonepe.com/}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱣᱤᱡᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱚᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]] 7n5635jnvnitsojzp3u3isu7p1u6gt4 0 35781 191402 191346 2026-05-02T13:11:21Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = | name = ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|2|24|df=y}} | birth_place = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | death_date = | death_place = | office = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ]] | constituency = [[ᱢᱟᱡᱷᱜᱟᱶ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ)|ᱢᱟᱡᱷᱜᱟᱶ]] | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ|ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱱ.ᱥᱤ (INC)]] | spouse = | children = | website = | footnotes = | date = | year = }} '''ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱔᱒), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱡ '''ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ, ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱟᱡᱷᱜᱟᱶ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ)|ᱢᱟᱡᱷᱜᱟᱶ]] ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Majhgaon-in-Bihar|title=Majhgaon Vidhan sabha assembly election results in Bihar|website=elections.traceall.in}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://myneta.info/jharkhand2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=269 ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ (Devendra Nath Champia profile)]</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ‌ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] c4u6f74f9rs7cx2tg42tj2qessuyvft 0 35785 191369 2026-05-02T11:59:57Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ''' ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱖.᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ (᱘ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱠᱚᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱚᱞᱦᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == ᱑᱘᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱑᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱵᱟᱱᱡᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱩᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱩᱰᱤ]], [[ᱪᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱤᱠ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱼᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱓᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ-ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱖ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱚᱰᱟᱭᱤᱛ, ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱵᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱘ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W5dVaq4_cLoC&q=Encyclopaedia+of+Scheduled+Tribes+in+Jharkhand|title=Encyclopaedia of Scheduled Tribes in Jharkhand|isbn=9788178351216|last1=Minz|first1=Diwakar|last2=Hansda|first2=Delo Mai|year=2010|publisher=Gyan Publishing House }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://jharkhandobserver.com/tribals.php|title=Tribals |publisher=jharkhandobserver }}</ref> == ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ == ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱮᱞ. ᱯᱤ. ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤ|ᱞᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: * '''[[ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ-ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ''' — [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ]], [[ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ]], [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] * '''[[ᱡᱷᱩᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ|ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱥ]]''' — [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] * '''ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱼᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤ''' — [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]], [[ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ]], [[ᱪᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱤᱠ]] * '''ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ''' — [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]], [[ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱦᱳ]], [[ᱩᱨᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱶ]], [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=History of Munda Tribes |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/topic/history-of-munda-tribes }}</ref> [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾ == ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ == ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |title=32 tribes live in Jharkhand, know how much population of tribals live in different state of India. |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/32-tribes-live-in-jharkhand-know-population-of-tribes-living-in-states-mtj |work=Prabhat Khabar}}</ref>{{Div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[ᱟᱥᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱟᱥᱩᱨ]] # [[ᱵᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱟᱸᱡᱟᱨᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱩᱰᱤ]] # [[ᱵᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟ (ᱡᱟᱹᱛ)|ᱵᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] # [[ᱵᱤᱧᱡᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱤᱧᱡᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ]] # ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ # [[ᱪᱮᱨᱚ]] # [[ᱪᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱤᱠ]] # [[ᱜᱚᱱᱰ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱜᱚᱱᱰ]] # ᱜᱚᱰᱟᱭᱤᱛ # [[ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱦᱳ]] # [[ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ]] # [[ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ]] # [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ]] # [[ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ]] # [[ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ]] # [[ᱠᱳᱲᱟ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] # [[ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱞ]] # [[ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ]] # [[ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ]] # [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] # [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] # [[ᱩᱨᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱶ]] # ᱯᱟᱨᱦᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟ # [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] # [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱨ]] {{Div col end}} ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== su1e46iz91ecg1hy1sx6s699rlimg7o 191372 191369 2026-05-02T12:07:08Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 /* ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ */ + 191372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ''' ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱖.᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ (᱘ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱠᱚᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱚᱞᱦᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == ᱑᱘᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱑᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱵᱟᱱᱡᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱩᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱩᱰᱤ]], [[ᱪᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱤᱠ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱼᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱓᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ-ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱖ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱚᱰᱟᱭᱤᱛ, ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱵᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱘ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W5dVaq4_cLoC&q=Encyclopaedia+of+Scheduled+Tribes+in+Jharkhand|title=Encyclopaedia of Scheduled Tribes in Jharkhand|isbn=9788178351216|last1=Minz|first1=Diwakar|last2=Hansda|first2=Delo Mai|year=2010|publisher=Gyan Publishing House }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://jharkhandobserver.com/tribals.php|title=Tribals |publisher=jharkhandobserver }}</ref> == ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ == ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱮᱞ. ᱯᱤ. ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤ|ᱞᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: * '''[[ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ-ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ''' — [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ]], [[ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ]], [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] * '''[[ᱡᱷᱩᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ|ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱥ]]''' — [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] * '''ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱼᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤ''' — [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]], [[ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ]], [[ᱪᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱤᱠ]] * '''ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ''' — [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]], [[ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱦᱳ]], [[ᱩᱨᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱶ]], [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=History of Munda Tribes |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/topic/history-of-munda-tribes }}</ref> [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾ == ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ == ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |title=32 tribes live in Jharkhand, know how much population of tribals live in different state of India. |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/32-tribes-live-in-jharkhand-know-population-of-tribes-living-in-states-mtj |work=Prabhat Khabar}}</ref>{{Div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[ᱚᱥᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱟᱥᱩᱨ]] # [[ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱟᱱᱡᱟᱨᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] # [[ᱵᱮᱲᱤᱭᱟ (ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ) |ᱵᱮᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] # [[ᱵᱤᱱᱡᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱤᱱᱡᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ]] # ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ # [[ᱪᱮᱨᱚ]] # [[ᱪᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱤᱠ]] # [[ᱜᱚᱱᱰ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱜᱚᱱᱰ]] # ᱜᱚᱰᱟᱭᱤᱛ # [[ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱦᱳ]] # [[ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ]] # [[ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ]] # [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ]] # [[ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ]] # [[ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ]] # [[ᱠᱳᱲᱟ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] # [[ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱞ]] # [[ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ]] # [[ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ]] # [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] # [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] # [[ᱩᱨᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱶ]] # ᱯᱟᱨᱦᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟ # [[ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] # [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ|ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱨ]] {{Div col end}} ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== 4zxoqtdkdmm3s74nt4pgyiz1g206gkz 191376 191372 2026-05-02T12:09:12Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 191372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ''' ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱖.᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ (᱘ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱠᱚᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱚᱞᱦᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == ᱑᱘᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱑᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱵᱟᱱᱡᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱩᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱩᱰᱤ]], [[ᱪᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱤᱠ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱼᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱓᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ-ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱖ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱚᱰᱟᱭᱤᱛ, ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱵᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱘ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W5dVaq4_cLoC&q=Encyclopaedia+of+Scheduled+Tribes+in+Jharkhand|title=Encyclopaedia of Scheduled Tribes in Jharkhand|isbn=9788178351216|last1=Minz|first1=Diwakar|last2=Hansda|first2=Delo Mai|year=2010|publisher=Gyan Publishing House }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://jharkhandobserver.com/tribals.php|title=Tribals |publisher=jharkhandobserver }}</ref> == ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ == ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱮᱞ. ᱯᱤ. ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤ|ᱞᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: * '''[[ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ-ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ''' — [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ]], [[ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ]], [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] * '''[[ᱡᱷᱩᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ|ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱥ]]''' — [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] * '''ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱼᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤ''' — [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]], [[ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ]], [[ᱪᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱤᱠ]] * '''ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ''' — [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]], [[ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱦᱳ]], [[ᱩᱨᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱶ]], [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=History of Munda Tribes |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/topic/history-of-munda-tribes }}</ref> [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾ == ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ == ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |title=32 tribes live in Jharkhand, know how much population of tribals live in different state of India. |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/32-tribes-live-in-jharkhand-know-population-of-tribes-living-in-states-mtj |work=Prabhat Khabar}}</ref>{{Div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[ᱚᱥᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱟᱥᱩᱨ]] # [[ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱟᱱᱡᱟᱨᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] # [[ᱵᱮᱲᱤᱭᱟ (ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ) |ᱵᱮᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] # [[ᱵᱤᱱᱡᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱤᱱᱡᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ]] # ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ # [[ᱪᱮᱨᱚ]] # [[ᱪᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱤᱠ]] # [[ᱜᱚᱱᱰ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱜᱚᱱᱰ]] # ᱜᱚᱰᱟᱭᱤᱛ # [[ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱦᱳ]] # [[ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ]] # [[ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ]] # [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ]] # [[ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ]] # [[ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ]] # [[ᱠᱳᱲᱟ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] # [[ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱞ]] # [[ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ]] # [[ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ]] # [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] # [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] # [[ᱩᱨᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱶ]] # ᱯᱟᱨᱦᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟ # [[ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] # [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ|ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱨ]] {{Div col end}} ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== 4zxoqtdkdmm3s74nt4pgyiz1g206gkz 191378 191376 2026-05-02T12:09:33Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 /* ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ */ + 191378 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ''' ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱖.᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ (᱘ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱠᱚᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱠᱚᱞᱦᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == ᱑᱘᱗᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱑᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱵᱟᱱᱡᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱩᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱩᱰᱤ]], [[ᱪᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱤᱠ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱼᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱓᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ-ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱖ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱚᱰᱟᱭᱤᱛ, ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱵᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱘ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W5dVaq4_cLoC&q=Encyclopaedia+of+Scheduled+Tribes+in+Jharkhand|title=Encyclopaedia of Scheduled Tribes in Jharkhand|isbn=9788178351216|last1=Minz|first1=Diwakar|last2=Hansda|first2=Delo Mai|year=2010|publisher=Gyan Publishing House }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://jharkhandobserver.com/tribals.php|title=Tribals |publisher=jharkhandobserver }}</ref> == ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ == ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱮᱞ. ᱯᱤ. ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤ|ᱞᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: * '''[[ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ-ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ''' — [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ]], [[ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ]], [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] * '''[[ᱡᱷᱩᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ|ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱥ]]''' — [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] * '''ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱼᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤ''' — [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]], [[ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ]], [[ᱪᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱤᱠ]] * '''ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ''' — [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]], [[ᱦᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱦᱳ]], [[ᱩᱨᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱶ]], [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=History of Munda Tribes |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/topic/history-of-munda-tribes }}</ref> [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]], ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾ == ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ == ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |title=32 tribes live in Jharkhand, know how much population of tribals live in different state of India. |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/32-tribes-live-in-jharkhand-know-population-of-tribes-living-in-states-mtj |work=Prabhat Khabar}}</ref>{{Div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[ᱚᱥᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱟᱥᱩᱨ]] # [[ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱟᱱᱡᱟᱨᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] # [[ᱵᱮᱲᱤᱭᱟ (ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ) |ᱵᱮᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] # [[ᱵᱤᱱᱡᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱤᱱᱡᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ]] # ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ # [[ᱪᱮᱨᱚ]] # [[ᱪᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱤᱠ]] # [[ᱜᱚᱱᱰ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱜᱚᱱᱰ]] # ᱜᱚᱰᱟᱭᱤᱛ # [[ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱦᱳ]] # [[ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ]] # [[ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤ]] # [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ]] # [[ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ]] # [[ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱱ]] # [[ᱠᱳᱲᱟ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] # [[ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱞ]] # [[ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ]] # [[ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)|ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟ]] # [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] # [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] # [[ᱩᱨᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱶ]] # ᱯᱟᱨᱦᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟ # [[ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] # [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] # [[ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ|ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱨ]] {{Div col end}} ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== *{{Commons category-inline}} *{{Cite web | url=http://www.jharinfo.com/culture/tribal-festivals-in-jharkand/ | title=ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405030221/http://www.jharinfo.com/culture/tribal-festivals-in-jharkand/ | archive-date=2015-04-05}} {{ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ}} [[Category:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ| ]] [[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] bglyjf5qjuxilulcrg91g1hnibosz8b 0 35786 191370 2026-05-02T12:01:30Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 "{{Short description|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ}} ᱢᱤᱫ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Consumer electronics|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]], [[Online service provider|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ}} ᱢᱤᱫ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Consumer electronics|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]], [[Online service provider|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], ᱥᱮ [[Computer program|ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ [[goods and services|ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]] ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[digital currency|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[electronic transaction|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ]] ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ [[online and offline|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[brick and mortar]] ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[point of sale|ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[mobile payment|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ([[smartphone|ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[mobile device|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ᱛᱮ) ᱥᱮ (ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) [[laptop|ᱞᱮᱯᱴᱚᱯ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[personal computer|ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[driver's license|ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ]], [[Health Care Card|ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]], [[Loyalty program|ᱞᱚᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱛᱟᱨ (wirelessly) ᱛᱮ [[near field communication|ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (NFC) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ "ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Sarah |date=11 October 2012 |title=NTT Docomo to take Japanese mobile wallet global |url=http://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120074928/https://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |archive-date=20 November 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=NFC World}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Transportation Security Administration|ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱪᱮᱠᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Randy |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Digital Driver's Licenses Are Finding Their Way to State and Federal Agencies |url=https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101073724/https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=FedTech}}</ref> {{asof|2025|January}} ᱨᱮ [[UK government|ᱭᱩᱠᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱢᱤᱫ GOV.UK ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>UK Government, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/digital-driving-licence-coming-this-year Digital driving licence coming this year], published on 21 January 2025, accessed on 22 October 2025</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ [[cryptocurrency wallet|ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[bitcoin|ᱵᱤᱴᱠᱚᱭᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Cryptocurrency|ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱤ (private keys) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ == ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Kang Shao Wang 2018 pp. 13–19">{{cite journal | last1=Kang | first1=Baoyuan | last2=Shao | first2=Dongyang | last3=Wang | first3=Jiaqiang | title=A fair electronic payment system for digital content using elliptic curve cryptography | journal=Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2018 | issn=1748-3018 | doi=10.1177/1748301817727123 | pages=13–19| doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ [[e-commerce|ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ]] ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱱ (thin) ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[Server (computing)|ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miklesh Prasad Yadav |first=Madhu Arora |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |title=Study on impact on customer satisfaction for E-wallet using path analysis model. |date=2019 |publisher=International Journal of Information Systems & Management Science |ssrn=3369651 |access-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926082524/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱮᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ, ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[Alfred Dunhill, Ltd.|ᱰᱟᱱᱦᱤᱞ (Dunhill)]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Murphy |first=David |title=Dunhill Wallet Uses Biometrics |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002170236/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |magazine=PC Magazine}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Bluetooth|ᱵᱽᱞᱩᱴᱩᱛᱷ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ NFC ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Google Wallet|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[Apple Pay|ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Google|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[Android operating system|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[Apple Inc.|ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[iOS|ᱟᱭᱳᱮᱥ (iOS)]] ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[mobile payment|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾ [[M-PESA|ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ (M-PESA)]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ [[Microfinance|ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Kenya|ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[Tanzania|ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2007 |title=Dial M for money |url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2007/06/28/dial-m-for-money |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115051330/http://www.economist.com/node/9414419?story_id=9414419 |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[MasterCard PayPass|ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱥ (MasterCard PayPass)]] ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PayPass Adoption Study |url=http://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301160745/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=MasterCard Advisors}}</ref> ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ (consumers) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘-᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱕᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Mastercard|ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱕% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱖.᱗% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓.᱓% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱥᱤᱥ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱘.᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱖.᱔% ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙.᱓% ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanchani |first=Madhav |date=7 March 2016 |title=Amazon India planning launch of digital wallet in a bid to build online payments business |work=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041746/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |archive-date=31 January 2019 |access-date=27 June 2017 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ (financial inclusion) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shahen |first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud |last2=Sharaf |first2=Mesbah Fathy |title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review |journal=FinTech |volume=4 |issue=4 |year=2025 |pages=59 |doi=10.3390/fintech4040059 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ == ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ (fraud) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱚᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱰ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Biometrics|ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱛᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=Top Five Emerging Trends in Procurement |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406091029/https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |archive-date=2023-04-06 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=SIPMM Publications |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ == [[iDEAL]] ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, [[European Payments Initiative|ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] (EPI) ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch payment processor iDeal to become European standard |url=https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629141216/https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=NL Times |date=25 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EPI Company announces iDEAL and Payconiq acquisition |url=https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426084002/https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |archive-date=2023-04-26 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=thepaypers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumitrescu |first=Irina |date=2023-04-25 |title=[GLOBAL] EPI Company announces acquisitions, additional shareholders and the coming launch of its new instant payment solution |url=https://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425100304/http://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=European Payments Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=n.a. |date=2023-04-25 |title=iDEAL Becomes More Ideal |url=https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092413/https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=iDEAL |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[Online wallet|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[Universal credit card|ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{IETF RFC|4112|link=no}}: ECML ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ {{Digital payment providers}} [[Category:Digital currencies]] [[Category:Payment systems]] dmeqmj0n9jrhqscfkuxr1o6w46i91vs 191371 191370 2026-05-02T12:05:27Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ}} ᱢᱤᱫ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Consumer electronics|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]], [[Online service provider|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], ᱥᱮ [[Computer program|ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ [[goods and services|ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]] ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[digital currency|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[electronic transaction|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ]] ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ [[online and offline|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[brick and mortar]] ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[point of sale|ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[mobile payment|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ([[smartphone|ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[mobile device|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ᱛᱮ) ᱥᱮ (ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) [[laptop|ᱞᱮᱯᱴᱚᱯ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[personal computer|ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[driver's license|ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ]], [[Health Care Card|ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]], [[Loyalty program|ᱞᱚᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱛᱟᱨ (wirelessly) ᱛᱮ [[near field communication|ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (NFC) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Sarah |date=11 October 2012 |title=NTT Docomo to take Japanese mobile wallet global |url=http://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120074928/https://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |archive-date=20 November 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=NFC World}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Transportation Security Administration|ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱪᱮᱠᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Randy |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Digital Driver's Licenses Are Finding Their Way to State and Federal Agencies |url=https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101073724/https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=FedTech}}</ref> {{asof|2025|January}} ᱨᱮ [[UK government|ᱭᱩᱠᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱢᱤᱫ GOV.UK ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>UK Government, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/digital-driving-licence-coming-this-year Digital driving licence coming this year], published on 21 January 2025, accessed on 22 October 2025</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ [[cryptocurrency wallet|ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[bitcoin|ᱵᱤᱴᱠᱚᱭᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Cryptocurrency|ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱤ (private keys) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ == ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Kang Shao Wang 2018 pp. 13–19">{{cite journal | last1=Kang | first1=Baoyuan | last2=Shao | first2=Dongyang | last3=Wang | first3=Jiaqiang | title=A fair electronic payment system for digital content using elliptic curve cryptography | journal=Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2018 | issn=1748-3018 | doi=10.1177/1748301817727123 | pages=13–19| doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ [[e-commerce|ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ]] ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱱ (thin) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[Server (computing)|ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miklesh Prasad Yadav |first=Madhu Arora |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |title=Study on impact on customer satisfaction for E-wallet using path analysis model. |date=2019 |publisher=International Journal of Information Systems & Management Science |ssrn=3369651 |access-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926082524/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱮᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ, ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[Alfred Dunhill, Ltd.|ᱰᱟᱱᱦᱤᱞ (Dunhill)]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Murphy |first=David |title=Dunhill Wallet Uses Biometrics |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002170236/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |magazine=PC Magazine}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Bluetooth|ᱵᱽᱞᱩᱴᱩᱛᱷ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ NFC ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Google Wallet|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[Apple Pay|ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Google|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[Android operating system|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[Apple Inc.|ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[iOS|ᱟᱭᱳᱮᱥ (iOS)]] ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[mobile payment|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾ [[M-PESA|ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ (M-PESA)]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ [[Microfinance|ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Kenya|ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[Tanzania|ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2007 |title=Dial M for money |url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2007/06/28/dial-m-for-money |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115051330/http://www.economist.com/node/9414419?story_id=9414419 |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[MasterCard PayPass|ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱥ (MasterCard PayPass)]] ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PayPass Adoption Study |url=http://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301160745/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=MasterCard Advisors}}</ref> ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ (consumers) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘-᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱕᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Mastercard|ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱕% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱖.᱗% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓.᱓% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱥᱤᱥ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱘.᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱖.᱔% ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙.᱓% ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanchani |first=Madhav |date=7 March 2016 |title=Amazon India planning launch of digital wallet in a bid to build online payments business |work=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041746/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |archive-date=31 January 2019 |access-date=27 June 2017 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ (financial inclusion) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shahen |first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud |last2=Sharaf |first2=Mesbah Fathy |title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review |journal=FinTech |volume=4 |issue=4 |year=2025 |pages=59 |doi=10.3390/fintech4040059 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ == ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ (fraud) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱚᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱰ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Biometrics|ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱛᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=Top Five Emerging Trends in Procurement |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406091029/https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |archive-date=2023-04-06 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=SIPMM Publications |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ == [[iDEAL]] ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, [[European Payments Initiative|ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] (EPI) ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch payment processor iDeal to become European standard |url=https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629141216/https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=NL Times |date=25 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EPI Company announces iDEAL and Payconiq acquisition |url=https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426084002/https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |archive-date=2023-04-26 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=thepaypers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumitrescu |first=Irina |date=2023-04-25 |title=[GLOBAL] EPI Company announces acquisitions, additional shareholders and the coming launch of its new instant payment solution |url=https://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425100304/http://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=European Payments Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=n.a. |date=2023-04-25 |title=iDEAL Becomes More Ideal |url=https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092413/https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=iDEAL |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[Online wallet|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] * [[Universal credit card|ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{IETF RFC|4112|link=no}}: ECML ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ {{Digital payment providers}} [[Category:Digital currencies]] [[Category:Payment systems]] kayjgcogncyy3v3gi28ufr6z4h86n2o 191373 191371 2026-05-02T12:07:24Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 191371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ}} ᱢᱤᱫ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Consumer electronics|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]], [[Online service provider|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], ᱥᱮ [[Computer program|ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ [[goods and services|ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]] ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[digital currency|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[electronic transaction|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ]] ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ [[online and offline|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[brick and mortar]] ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[point of sale|ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[mobile payment|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ([[smartphone|ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[mobile device|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ᱛᱮ) ᱥᱮ (ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) [[laptop|ᱞᱮᱯᱴᱚᱯ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[personal computer|ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[driver's license|ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ]], [[Health Care Card|ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]], [[Loyalty program|ᱞᱚᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱛᱟᱨ (wirelessly) ᱛᱮ [[near field communication|ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (NFC) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Sarah |date=11 October 2012 |title=NTT Docomo to take Japanese mobile wallet global |url=http://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120074928/https://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |archive-date=20 November 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=NFC World}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Transportation Security Administration|ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱪᱮᱠᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Randy |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Digital Driver's Licenses Are Finding Their Way to State and Federal Agencies |url=https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101073724/https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=FedTech}}</ref> {{asof|2025|January}} ᱨᱮ [[UK government|ᱭᱩᱠᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱢᱤᱫ GOV.UK ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>UK Government, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/digital-driving-licence-coming-this-year Digital driving licence coming this year], published on 21 January 2025, accessed on 22 October 2025</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ [[cryptocurrency wallet|ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[bitcoin|ᱵᱤᱴᱠᱚᱭᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Cryptocurrency|ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱤ (private keys) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ == ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Kang Shao Wang 2018 pp. 13–19">{{cite journal | last1=Kang | first1=Baoyuan | last2=Shao | first2=Dongyang | last3=Wang | first3=Jiaqiang | title=A fair electronic payment system for digital content using elliptic curve cryptography | journal=Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2018 | issn=1748-3018 | doi=10.1177/1748301817727123 | pages=13–19| doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ [[e-commerce|ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ]] ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱱ (thin) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[Server (computing)|ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miklesh Prasad Yadav |first=Madhu Arora |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |title=Study on impact on customer satisfaction for E-wallet using path analysis model. |date=2019 |publisher=International Journal of Information Systems & Management Science |ssrn=3369651 |access-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926082524/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱮᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ, ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[Alfred Dunhill, Ltd.|ᱰᱟᱱᱦᱤᱞ (Dunhill)]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Murphy |first=David |title=Dunhill Wallet Uses Biometrics |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002170236/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |magazine=PC Magazine}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Bluetooth|ᱵᱽᱞᱩᱴᱩᱛᱷ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ NFC ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Google Wallet|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[Apple Pay|ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Google|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[Android operating system|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[Apple Inc.|ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[iOS|ᱟᱭᱳᱮᱥ (iOS)]] ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[mobile payment|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾ [[M-PESA|ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ (M-PESA)]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ [[Microfinance|ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Kenya|ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[Tanzania|ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2007 |title=Dial M for money |url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2007/06/28/dial-m-for-money |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115051330/http://www.economist.com/node/9414419?story_id=9414419 |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[MasterCard PayPass|ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱥ (MasterCard PayPass)]] ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PayPass Adoption Study |url=http://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301160745/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=MasterCard Advisors}}</ref> ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ (consumers) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘-᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱕᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Mastercard|ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱕% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱖.᱗% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓.᱓% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱥᱤᱥ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱘.᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱖.᱔% ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙.᱓% ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanchani |first=Madhav |date=7 March 2016 |title=Amazon India planning launch of digital wallet in a bid to build online payments business |work=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041746/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |archive-date=31 January 2019 |access-date=27 June 2017 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ (financial inclusion) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shahen |first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud |last2=Sharaf |first2=Mesbah Fathy |title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review |journal=FinTech |volume=4 |issue=4 |year=2025 |pages=59 |doi=10.3390/fintech4040059 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ == ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ (fraud) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱚᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱰ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Biometrics|ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱛᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=Top Five Emerging Trends in Procurement |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406091029/https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |archive-date=2023-04-06 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=SIPMM Publications |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ == [[iDEAL]] ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, [[European Payments Initiative|ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] (EPI) ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch payment processor iDeal to become European standard |url=https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629141216/https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=NL Times |date=25 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EPI Company announces iDEAL and Payconiq acquisition |url=https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426084002/https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |archive-date=2023-04-26 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=thepaypers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumitrescu |first=Irina |date=2023-04-25 |title=[GLOBAL] EPI Company announces acquisitions, additional shareholders and the coming launch of its new instant payment solution |url=https://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425100304/http://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=European Payments Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=n.a. |date=2023-04-25 |title=iDEAL Becomes More Ideal |url=https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092413/https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=iDEAL |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[Online wallet|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] * [[Universal credit card|ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{IETF RFC|4112|link=no}}: ECML ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ {{Digital payment providers}} [[Category:Digital currencies]] [[Category:Payment systems]] kayjgcogncyy3v3gi28ufr6z4h86n2o 191375 191373 2026-05-02T12:09:10Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ}} ᱢᱤᱫ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Consumer electronics|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]], [[Online service provider|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], ᱥᱮ [[Computer program|ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ [[goods and services|ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]] ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[digital currency|ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[electronic transaction|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ [[online and offline|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[brick and mortar]] ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[point of sale|ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[mobile payment|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ([[smartphone|ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[mobile device|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ᱛᱮ) ᱥᱮ (ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) [[laptop|ᱞᱮᱯᱴᱚᱯ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[personal computer|ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[driver's license|ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ]], [[Health Care Card|ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]], [[Loyalty program|ᱞᱚᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱛᱟᱨ (wirelessly) ᱛᱮ [[near field communication|ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (NFC) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Sarah |date=11 October 2012 |title=NTT Docomo to take Japanese mobile wallet global |url=http://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120074928/https://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |archive-date=20 November 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=NFC World}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Transportation Security Administration|ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱪᱮᱠᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Randy |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Digital Driver's Licenses Are Finding Their Way to State and Federal Agencies |url=https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101073724/https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=FedTech}}</ref> {{asof|2025|January}} ᱨᱮ [[UK government|ᱭᱩᱠᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱢᱤᱫ GOV.UK ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>UK Government, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/digital-driving-licence-coming-this-year Digital driving licence coming this year], published on 21 January 2025, accessed on 22 October 2025</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ [[cryptocurrency wallet|ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[bitcoin|ᱵᱤᱴᱠᱚᱭᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Cryptocurrency|ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱤ (private keys) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ == ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Kang Shao Wang 2018 pp. 13–19">{{cite journal | last1=Kang | first1=Baoyuan | last2=Shao | first2=Dongyang | last3=Wang | first3=Jiaqiang | title=A fair electronic payment system for digital content using elliptic curve cryptography | journal=Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2018 | issn=1748-3018 | doi=10.1177/1748301817727123 | pages=13–19| doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ [[e-commerce|ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ]] ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱱ (thin) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[Server (computing)|ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miklesh Prasad Yadav |first=Madhu Arora |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |title=Study on impact on customer satisfaction for E-wallet using path analysis model. |date=2019 |publisher=International Journal of Information Systems & Management Science |ssrn=3369651 |access-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926082524/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱮᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ, ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[Alfred Dunhill, Ltd.|ᱰᱟᱱᱦᱤᱞ (Dunhill)]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Murphy |first=David |title=Dunhill Wallet Uses Biometrics |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002170236/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |magazine=PC Magazine}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Bluetooth|ᱵᱽᱞᱩᱴᱩᱛᱷ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ NFC ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Google Wallet|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[Apple Pay|ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Google|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[Android operating system|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[Apple Inc.|ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[iOS|ᱟᱭᱳᱮᱥ (iOS)]] ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[mobile payment|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾ [[M-PESA|ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ (M-PESA)]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ [[Microfinance|ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Kenya|ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[Tanzania|ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2007 |title=Dial M for money |url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2007/06/28/dial-m-for-money |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115051330/http://www.economist.com/node/9414419?story_id=9414419 |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[MasterCard PayPass|ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱥ (MasterCard PayPass)]] ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PayPass Adoption Study |url=http://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301160745/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=MasterCard Advisors}}</ref> ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ (consumers) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘-᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱕᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Mastercard|ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱕% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱖.᱗% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓.᱓% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱥᱤᱥ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱘.᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱖.᱔% ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙.᱓% ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanchani |first=Madhav |date=7 March 2016 |title=Amazon India planning launch of digital wallet in a bid to build online payments business |work=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041746/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |archive-date=31 January 2019 |access-date=27 June 2017 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ (financial inclusion) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shahen |first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud |last2=Sharaf |first2=Mesbah Fathy |title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review |journal=FinTech |volume=4 |issue=4 |year=2025 |pages=59 |doi=10.3390/fintech4040059 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ == ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ (fraud) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱚᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱰ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Biometrics|ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱛᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=Top Five Emerging Trends in Procurement |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406091029/https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |archive-date=2023-04-06 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=SIPMM Publications |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ == [[iDEAL]] ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, [[European Payments Initiative|ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] (EPI) ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch payment processor iDeal to become European standard |url=https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629141216/https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=NL Times |date=25 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EPI Company announces iDEAL and Payconiq acquisition |url=https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426084002/https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |archive-date=2023-04-26 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=thepaypers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumitrescu |first=Irina |date=2023-04-25 |title=[GLOBAL] EPI Company announces acquisitions, additional shareholders and the coming launch of its new instant payment solution |url=https://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425100304/http://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=European Payments Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=n.a. |date=2023-04-25 |title=iDEAL Becomes More Ideal |url=https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092413/https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=iDEAL |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[Online wallet|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] * [[Universal credit card|ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{IETF RFC|4112|link=no}}: ECML ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ {{Digital payment providers}} [[Category:Digital currencies]] [[Category:Payment systems]] k8wtqminsxfygaobf0la22qvmqtyfmm 191380 191375 2026-05-02T12:14:47Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 191380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ}} ᱢᱤᱫ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱚᱡᱤᱣᱢᱟᱨ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]], [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱣᱮᱨ|ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ [[ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]] ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱤᱴᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ([[ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ᱛᱮ) ᱥᱮ (ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) [[ᱞᱮᱯᱴᱚᱯ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ]], [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ|ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]], [[ᱞᱚᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭ.ᱰᱤ. (ID) ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱛᱟᱨ (wirelessly) ᱛᱮ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (NFC) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Sarah |date=11 October 2012 |title=NTT Docomo to take Japanese mobile wallet global |url=http://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120074928/https://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |archive-date=20 November 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=NFC World}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱪᱮᱠᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Randy |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Digital Driver's Licenses Are Finding Their Way to State and Federal Agencies |url=https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101073724/https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=FedTech}}</ref> {{asof|2025|January}} ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱠᱮ. ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱢᱤᱫ GOV.UK ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>UK Government, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/digital-driving-licence-coming-this-year Digital driving licence coming this year], published on 21 January 2025, accessed on 22 October 2025</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱴᱠᱚᱭᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱤ (private keys) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ == ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Kang Shao Wang 2018 pp. 13–19">{{cite journal | last1=Kang | first1=Baoyuan | last2=Shao | first2=Dongyang | last3=Wang | first3=Jiaqiang | title=A fair electronic payment system for digital content using elliptic curve cryptography | journal=Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2018 | issn=1748-3018 | doi=10.1177/1748301817727123 | pages=13–19| doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ [[e-commerce|ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ]] ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱱ (thin) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[Server (computing)|ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miklesh Prasad Yadav |first=Madhu Arora |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |title=Study on impact on customer satisfaction for E-wallet using path analysis model. |date=2019 |publisher=International Journal of Information Systems & Management Science |ssrn=3369651 |access-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926082524/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱮᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ, ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[Alfred Dunhill, Ltd.|ᱰᱟᱱᱦᱤᱞ (Dunhill)]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Murphy |first=David |title=Dunhill Wallet Uses Biometrics |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002170236/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |magazine=PC Magazine}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Bluetooth|ᱵᱽᱞᱩᱴᱩᱛᱷ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ NFC ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Google Wallet|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[Apple Pay|ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Google|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[Android operating system|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[Apple Inc.|ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[iOS|ᱟᱭᱳᱮᱥ (iOS)]] ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[mobile payment|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾ [[M-PESA|ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ (M-PESA)]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ [[Microfinance|ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Kenya|ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[Tanzania|ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2007 |title=Dial M for money |url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2007/06/28/dial-m-for-money |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115051330/http://www.economist.com/node/9414419?story_id=9414419 |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[MasterCard PayPass|ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱥ (MasterCard PayPass)]] ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PayPass Adoption Study |url=http://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301160745/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=MasterCard Advisors}}</ref> ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ (consumers) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘-᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱕᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Mastercard|ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱕% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱖.᱗% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓.᱓% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱟᱭᱥᱤᱥ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱘.᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱖.᱔% ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙.᱓% ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ [[Flipkart|ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanchani |first=Madhav |date=7 March 2016 |title=Amazon India planning launch of digital wallet in a bid to build online payments business |work=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041746/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |archive-date=31 January 2019 |access-date=27 June 2017 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ (financial inclusion) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shahen |first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud |last2=Sharaf |first2=Mesbah Fathy |title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review |journal=FinTech |volume=4 |issue=4 |year=2025 |pages=59 |doi=10.3390/fintech4040059 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ == ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ (fraud) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱚᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱰ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Biometrics|ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱛᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=Top Five Emerging Trends in Procurement |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406091029/https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |archive-date=2023-04-06 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=SIPMM Publications |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ == [[iDEAL]] ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, [[European Payments Initiative|ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] (EPI) ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch payment processor iDeal to become European standard |url=https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629141216/https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=NL Times |date=25 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EPI Company announces iDEAL and Payconiq acquisition |url=https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426084002/https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |archive-date=2023-04-26 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=thepaypers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumitrescu |first=Irina |date=2023-04-25 |title=[GLOBAL] EPI Company announces acquisitions, additional shareholders and the coming launch of its new instant payment solution |url=https://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425100304/http://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=European Payments Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=n.a. |date=2023-04-25 |title=iDEAL Becomes More Ideal |url=https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092413/https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=iDEAL |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[Online wallet|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] * [[Universal credit card|ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{IETF RFC|4112|link=no}}: ECML ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ {{Digital payment providers}} [[Category:Digital currencies]] [[Category:Payment systems]] a89gtn1azbps2rgj9u29yl5q0vrk5e5 191381 191380 2026-05-02T12:22:02Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ}} ᱢᱤᱫ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱚᱡᱤᱣᱢᱟᱨ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]], [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱣᱮᱨ|ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ [[ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]] ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱤᱴᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ([[ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ᱛᱮ) ᱥᱮ (ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) [[ᱞᱮᱯᱴᱚᱯ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ]], [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ|ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]], [[ᱞᱚᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭ.ᱰᱤ. (ID) ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱛᱟᱨ (wirelessly) ᱛᱮ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (NFC) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Sarah |date=11 October 2012 |title=NTT Docomo to take Japanese mobile wallet global |url=http://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120074928/https://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |archive-date=20 November 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=NFC World}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱪᱮᱠᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Randy |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Digital Driver's Licenses Are Finding Their Way to State and Federal Agencies |url=https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101073724/https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=FedTech}}</ref> {{asof|2025|January}} ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱠᱮ. ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱢᱤᱫ GOV.UK ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>UK Government, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/digital-driving-licence-coming-this-year Digital driving licence coming this year], published on 21 January 2025, accessed on 22 October 2025</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱴᱠᱚᱭᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱤ (private keys) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ == ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Kang Shao Wang 2018 pp. 13–19">{{cite journal | last1=Kang | first1=Baoyuan | last2=Shao | first2=Dongyang | last3=Wang | first3=Jiaqiang | title=A fair electronic payment system for digital content using elliptic curve cryptography | journal=Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2018 | issn=1748-3018 | doi=10.1177/1748301817727123 | pages=13–19| doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ [[ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ]] ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱱ (thin) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ)|ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miklesh Prasad Yadav |first=Madhu Arora |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |title=Study on impact on customer satisfaction for E-wallet using path analysis model. |date=2019 |publisher=International Journal of Information Systems & Management Science |ssrn=3369651 |access-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926082524/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱮᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ, ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱰᱟᱱᱦᱤᱞ]] (Dunhill) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Murphy |first=David |title=Dunhill Wallet Uses Biometrics |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002170236/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |magazine=PC Magazine}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱞᱩᱴᱩᱛᱷ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ NFC ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱳ.ᱮᱥ]] ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾ [[ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ]] (M-PESA) ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2007 |title=Dial M for money |url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2007/06/28/dial-m-for-money |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115051330/http://www.economist.com/node/9414419?story_id=9414419 |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱥ]] (MasterCard PayPass) ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PayPass Adoption Study |url=http://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301160745/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=MasterCard Advisors}}</ref> ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ (consumers) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱬ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘-᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱕᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱕% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱖.᱗% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓.᱓% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱘.᱕% ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱖.᱔% ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙.᱓% ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ [[ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanchani |first=Madhav |date=7 March 2016 |title=Amazon India planning launch of digital wallet in a bid to build online payments business |work=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041746/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |archive-date=31 January 2019 |access-date=27 June 2017 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ (financial inclusion) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shahen |first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud |last2=Sharaf |first2=Mesbah Fathy |title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review |journal=FinTech |volume=4 |issue=4 |year=2025 |pages=59 |doi=10.3390/fintech4040059 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ == ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ (fraud) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱚᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱰ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Biometrics|ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱛᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=Top Five Emerging Trends in Procurement |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406091029/https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |archive-date=2023-04-06 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=SIPMM Publications |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ == [[iDEAL]] ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, [[European Payments Initiative|ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] (EPI) ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch payment processor iDeal to become European standard |url=https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629141216/https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=NL Times |date=25 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EPI Company announces iDEAL and Payconiq acquisition |url=https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426084002/https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |archive-date=2023-04-26 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=thepaypers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumitrescu |first=Irina |date=2023-04-25 |title=[GLOBAL] EPI Company announces acquisitions, additional shareholders and the coming launch of its new instant payment solution |url=https://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425100304/http://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=European Payments Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=n.a. |date=2023-04-25 |title=iDEAL Becomes More Ideal |url=https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092413/https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=iDEAL |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[Online wallet|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] * [[Universal credit card|ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{IETF RFC|4112|link=no}}: ECML ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ {{Digital payment providers}} [[Category:Digital currencies]] [[Category:Payment systems]] 9hcfeipecaslw6gee8ajh8jz2ncac0n 191382 191381 2026-05-02T12:25:25Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ}} ᱢᱤᱫ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱚᱡᱤᱣᱢᱟᱨ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]], [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱣᱮᱨ|ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ [[ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]] ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱤᱴᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ([[ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ᱛᱮ) ᱥᱮ (ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) [[ᱞᱮᱯᱴᱚᱯ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ]], [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ|ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]], [[ᱞᱚᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭ.ᱰᱤ. (ID) ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱛᱟᱨ (wirelessly) ᱛᱮ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (NFC) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Sarah |date=11 October 2012 |title=NTT Docomo to take Japanese mobile wallet global |url=http://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120074928/https://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |archive-date=20 November 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=NFC World}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱪᱮᱠᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Randy |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Digital Driver's Licenses Are Finding Their Way to State and Federal Agencies |url=https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101073724/https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=FedTech}}</ref> {{asof|2025|January}} ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱠᱮ. ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱢᱤᱫ GOV.UK ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>UK Government, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/digital-driving-licence-coming-this-year Digital driving licence coming this year], published on 21 January 2025, accessed on 22 October 2025</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱴᱠᱚᱭᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱤ (private keys) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ == ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Kang Shao Wang 2018 pp. 13–19">{{cite journal | last1=Kang | first1=Baoyuan | last2=Shao | first2=Dongyang | last3=Wang | first3=Jiaqiang | title=A fair electronic payment system for digital content using elliptic curve cryptography | journal=Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2018 | issn=1748-3018 | doi=10.1177/1748301817727123 | pages=13–19| doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ [[ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ]] ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱱ (thin) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ)|ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miklesh Prasad Yadav |first=Madhu Arora |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |title=Study on impact on customer satisfaction for E-wallet using path analysis model. |date=2019 |publisher=International Journal of Information Systems & Management Science |ssrn=3369651 |access-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926082524/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱮᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ, ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱰᱟᱱᱦᱤᱞ]] (Dunhill) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Murphy |first=David |title=Dunhill Wallet Uses Biometrics |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002170236/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |magazine=PC Magazine}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱞᱩᱴᱩᱛᱷ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ NFC ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱳ.ᱮᱥ]] ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾ [[ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ]] (M-PESA) ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2007 |title=Dial M for money |url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2007/06/28/dial-m-for-money |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115051330/http://www.economist.com/node/9414419?story_id=9414419 |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱥ]] (MasterCard PayPass) ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PayPass Adoption Study |url=http://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301160745/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=MasterCard Advisors}}</ref> ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ (consumers) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱬ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘-᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱘᱕᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱕% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱖.᱗% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓.᱓% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱔᱘.᱕% ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱖.᱔% ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙.᱓% ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ [[ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanchani |first=Madhav |date=7 March 2016 |title=Amazon India planning launch of digital wallet in a bid to build online payments business |work=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041746/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |archive-date=31 January 2019 |access-date=27 June 2017 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ (financial inclusion) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shahen |first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud |last2=Sharaf |first2=Mesbah Fathy |title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review |journal=FinTech |volume=4 |issue=4 |year=2025 |pages=59 |doi=10.3390/fintech4040059 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ == ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ (fraud) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱚᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱰ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱛᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=Top Five Emerging Trends in Procurement |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406091029/https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |archive-date=2023-04-06 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=SIPMM Publications |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ == [[iDEAL]] ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, [[European Payments Initiative|ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] (EPI) ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch payment processor iDeal to become European standard |url=https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629141216/https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=NL Times |date=25 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EPI Company announces iDEAL and Payconiq acquisition |url=https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426084002/https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |archive-date=2023-04-26 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=thepaypers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumitrescu |first=Irina |date=2023-04-25 |title=[GLOBAL] EPI Company announces acquisitions, additional shareholders and the coming launch of its new instant payment solution |url=https://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425100304/http://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=European Payments Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=n.a. |date=2023-04-25 |title=iDEAL Becomes More Ideal |url=https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092413/https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=iDEAL |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{IETF RFC|4112|link=no}}: ECML ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ {{Digital payment providers}} [[Category:Digital currencies]] [[Category:Payment systems]] h6e6s870hp94rrud6knf1eloo9c70la 191383 191382 2026-05-02T12:25:42Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ}} ᱢᱤᱫ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱚᱡᱤᱣᱢᱟᱨ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]], [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱣᱮᱨ|ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ [[ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]] ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱤᱴᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ([[ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ᱛᱮ) ᱥᱮ (ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) [[ᱞᱮᱯᱴᱚᱯ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ]], [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ|ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]], [[ᱞᱚᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭ.ᱰᱤ. (ID) ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱛᱟᱨ (wirelessly) ᱛᱮ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (NFC) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Sarah |date=11 October 2012 |title=NTT Docomo to take Japanese mobile wallet global |url=http://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120074928/https://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |archive-date=20 November 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=NFC World}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱪᱮᱠᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Randy |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Digital Driver's Licenses Are Finding Their Way to State and Federal Agencies |url=https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101073724/https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=FedTech}}</ref> {{asof|2025|January}} ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱠᱮ. ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱢᱤᱫ GOV.UK ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>UK Government, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/digital-driving-licence-coming-this-year Digital driving licence coming this year], published on 21 January 2025, accessed on 22 October 2025</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱴᱠᱚᱭᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱤ (private keys) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ == ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Kang Shao Wang 2018 pp. 13–19">{{cite journal | last1=Kang | first1=Baoyuan | last2=Shao | first2=Dongyang | last3=Wang | first3=Jiaqiang | title=A fair electronic payment system for digital content using elliptic curve cryptography | journal=Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2018 | issn=1748-3018 | doi=10.1177/1748301817727123 | pages=13–19| doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ [[ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ]] ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱱ (thin) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ)|ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miklesh Prasad Yadav |first=Madhu Arora |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |title=Study on impact on customer satisfaction for E-wallet using path analysis model. |date=2019 |publisher=International Journal of Information Systems & Management Science |ssrn=3369651 |access-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926082524/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱮᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ, ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱰᱟᱱᱦᱤᱞ]] (Dunhill) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Murphy |first=David |title=Dunhill Wallet Uses Biometrics |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002170236/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |magazine=PC Magazine}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱞᱩᱴᱩᱛᱷ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ NFC ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱳ.ᱮᱥ]] ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾ [[ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ]] (M-PESA) ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2007 |title=Dial M for money |url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2007/06/28/dial-m-for-money |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115051330/http://www.economist.com/node/9414419?story_id=9414419 |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱥ]] (MasterCard PayPass) ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PayPass Adoption Study |url=http://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301160745/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=MasterCard Advisors}}</ref> ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ (consumers) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱬ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘-᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱘᱕᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱕% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱖.᱗% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓.᱓% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱔᱘.᱕% ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱖.᱔% ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙.᱓% ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ [[ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanchani |first=Madhav |date=7 March 2016 |title=Amazon India planning launch of digital wallet in a bid to build online payments business |work=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041746/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |archive-date=31 January 2019 |access-date=27 June 2017 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ (financial inclusion) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shahen |first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud |last2=Sharaf |first2=Mesbah Fathy |title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review |journal=FinTech |volume=4 |issue=4 |year=2025 |pages=59 |doi=10.3390/fintech4040059 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ == ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ (fraud) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱚᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱰ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱛᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=Top Five Emerging Trends in Procurement |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406091029/https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |archive-date=2023-04-06 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=SIPMM Publications |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ == [[iDEAL]] ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, [[European Payments Initiative|ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] (EPI) ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch payment processor iDeal to become European standard |url=https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629141216/https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=NL Times |date=25 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EPI Company announces iDEAL and Payconiq acquisition |url=https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426084002/https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |archive-date=2023-04-26 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=thepaypers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumitrescu |first=Irina |date=2023-04-25 |title=[GLOBAL] EPI Company announces acquisitions, additional shareholders and the coming launch of its new instant payment solution |url=https://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425100304/http://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=European Payments Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=n.a. |date=2023-04-25 |title=iDEAL Becomes More Ideal |url=https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092413/https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=iDEAL |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{IETF RFC|4112|link=no}}: ECML ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ {{Digital payment providers}} [[Category:Digital currencies]] [[Category:Payment systems]] onb4qnscysdv9gmkjbs83jt8iophc5g 191384 191383 2026-05-02T12:26:28Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ}} ᱢᱤᱫ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱚᱡᱤᱣᱢᱟᱨ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]], [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱣᱮᱨ|ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ [[ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]] ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱤᱴᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ([[ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ᱛᱮ) ᱥᱮ (ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) [[ᱞᱮᱯᱴᱚᱯ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ]], [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ|ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]], [[ᱞᱚᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭ.ᱰᱤ. (ID) ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱛᱟᱨ (wirelessly) ᱛᱮ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (NFC) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Sarah |date=11 October 2012 |title=NTT Docomo to take Japanese mobile wallet global |url=http://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120074928/https://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |archive-date=20 November 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=NFC World}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱪᱮᱠᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Randy |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Digital Driver's Licenses Are Finding Their Way to State and Federal Agencies |url=https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101073724/https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=FedTech}}</ref> {{asof|2025|January}} ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱠᱮ. ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱢᱤᱫ GOV.UK ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>UK Government, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/digital-driving-licence-coming-this-year Digital driving licence coming this year], published on 21 January 2025, accessed on 22 October 2025</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱴᱠᱚᱭᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱤ (private keys) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ == ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Kang Shao Wang 2018 pp. 13–19">{{cite journal | last1=Kang | first1=Baoyuan | last2=Shao | first2=Dongyang | last3=Wang | first3=Jiaqiang | title=A fair electronic payment system for digital content using elliptic curve cryptography | journal=Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2018 | issn=1748-3018 | doi=10.1177/1748301817727123 | pages=13–19| doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ [[ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ]] ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱱ (thin) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ)|ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miklesh Prasad Yadav |first=Madhu Arora |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |title=Study on impact on customer satisfaction for E-wallet using path analysis model. |date=2019 |publisher=International Journal of Information Systems & Management Science |ssrn=3369651 |access-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926082524/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱮᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ, ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱰᱟᱱᱦᱤᱞ]] (Dunhill) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Murphy |first=David |title=Dunhill Wallet Uses Biometrics |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002170236/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |magazine=PC Magazine}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱞᱩᱴᱩᱛᱷ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ NFC ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱳ.ᱮᱥ]] ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾ [[ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ]] (M-PESA) ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2007 |title=Dial M for money |url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2007/06/28/dial-m-for-money |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115051330/http://www.economist.com/node/9414419?story_id=9414419 |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱥ]] (MasterCard PayPass) ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PayPass Adoption Study |url=http://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301160745/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=MasterCard Advisors}}</ref> ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ (consumers) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱬ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘-᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱘᱕᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱕% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱖.᱗% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓.᱓% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱔᱘.᱕% ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱖.᱔% ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙.᱓% ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ [[ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanchani |first=Madhav |date=7 March 2016 |title=Amazon India planning launch of digital wallet in a bid to build online payments business |work=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041746/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |archive-date=31 January 2019 |access-date=27 June 2017 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ (financial inclusion) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shahen |first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud |last2=Sharaf |first2=Mesbah Fathy |title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review |journal=FinTech |volume=4 |issue=4 |year=2025 |pages=59 |doi=10.3390/fintech4040059 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ == ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ (fraud) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱚᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱰ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱛᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=Top Five Emerging Trends in Procurement |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406091029/https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |archive-date=2023-04-06 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=SIPMM Publications |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ == [[iDEAL]] ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, [[European Payments Initiative|ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] (EPI) ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch payment processor iDeal to become European standard |url=https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629141216/https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=NL Times |date=25 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EPI Company announces iDEAL and Payconiq acquisition |url=https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426084002/https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |archive-date=2023-04-26 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=thepaypers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumitrescu |first=Irina |date=2023-04-25 |title=[GLOBAL] EPI Company announces acquisitions, additional shareholders and the coming launch of its new instant payment solution |url=https://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425100304/http://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=European Payments Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=n.a. |date=2023-04-25 |title=iDEAL Becomes More Ideal |url=https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092413/https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=iDEAL |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{IETF RFC|4112|link=no}}: ECML ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ {{ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]] kx42mzs6r53v3dndv2gt33zqh6ofk81 191386 191384 2026-05-02T12:30:39Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ}} ᱢᱤᱫ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱚᱡᱤᱣᱢᱟᱨ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]], [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱣᱮᱨ|ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ [[ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]] ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱤᱴᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ([[ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ᱛᱮ) ᱥᱮ (ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) [[ᱞᱮᱯᱴᱚᱯ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ]], [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ|ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]], [[ᱞᱚᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭ.ᱰᱤ. (ID) ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱛᱟᱨ (wirelessly) ᱛᱮ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (NFC) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Sarah |date=11 October 2012 |title=NTT Docomo to take Japanese mobile wallet global |url=http://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120074928/https://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |archive-date=20 November 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=NFC World}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱪᱮᱠᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Randy |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Digital Driver's Licenses Are Finding Their Way to State and Federal Agencies |url=https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101073724/https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=FedTech}}</ref> {{asof|2025|January}} ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱠᱮ. ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱢᱤᱫ GOV.UK ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>UK Government, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/digital-driving-licence-coming-this-year Digital driving licence coming this year], published on 21 January 2025, accessed on 22 October 2025</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱴᱠᱚᱭᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱤ (private keys) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ == ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Kang Shao Wang 2018 pp. 13–19">{{cite journal | last1=Kang | first1=Baoyuan | last2=Shao | first2=Dongyang | last3=Wang | first3=Jiaqiang | title=A fair electronic payment system for digital content using elliptic curve cryptography | journal=Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2018 | issn=1748-3018 | doi=10.1177/1748301817727123 | pages=13–19| doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ [[ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ]] ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱱ (thin) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ)|ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miklesh Prasad Yadav |first=Madhu Arora |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |title=Study on impact on customer satisfaction for E-wallet using path analysis model. |date=2019 |publisher=International Journal of Information Systems & Management Science |ssrn=3369651 |access-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926082524/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱮᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ, ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱰᱟᱱᱦᱤᱞ]] (Dunhill) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Murphy |first=David |title=Dunhill Wallet Uses Biometrics |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002170236/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |magazine=PC Magazine}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱞᱩᱴᱩᱛᱷ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ NFC ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱳ.ᱮᱥ]] ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾ [[ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ]] (M-PESA) ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2007 |title=Dial M for money |url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2007/06/28/dial-m-for-money |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115051330/http://www.economist.com/node/9414419?story_id=9414419 |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱥ]] (MasterCard PayPass) ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PayPass Adoption Study |url=http://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301160745/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=MasterCard Advisors}}</ref> ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ (consumers) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱬ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘-᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱘᱕᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱕% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱖.᱗% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓.᱓% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱔᱘.᱕% ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱖.᱔% ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙.᱓% ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ [[ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanchani |first=Madhav |date=7 March 2016 |title=Amazon India planning launch of digital wallet in a bid to build online payments business |work=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041746/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |archive-date=31 January 2019 |access-date=27 June 2017 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ (financial inclusion) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shahen |first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud |last2=Sharaf |first2=Mesbah Fathy |title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review |journal=FinTech |volume=4 |issue=4 |year=2025 |pages=59 |doi=10.3390/fintech4040059 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ == ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ (fraud) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱚᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱰ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱛᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=Top Five Emerging Trends in Procurement |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406091029/https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |archive-date=2023-04-06 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=SIPMM Publications |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ == [[iDEAL]] ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, [[European Payments Initiative|ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] (EPI) ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch payment processor iDeal to become European standard |url=https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629141216/https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=NL Times |date=25 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EPI Company announces iDEAL and Payconiq acquisition |url=https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426084002/https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |archive-date=2023-04-26 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=thepaypers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumitrescu |first=Irina |date=2023-04-25 |title=[GLOBAL] EPI Company announces acquisitions, additional shareholders and the coming launch of its new instant payment solution |url=https://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425100304/http://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=European Payments Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=n.a. |date=2023-04-25 |title=iDEAL Becomes More Ideal |url=https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092413/https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=iDEAL |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{IETF RFC|4112|link=no}}: ECML ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ {{ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]] kqc3hmq99owm5eita06rugjkk1raero 191392 191386 2026-05-02T12:38:15Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ}} ᱢᱤᱫ '''ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱚᱡᱤᱣᱢᱟᱨ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]], [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]], ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱣᱮᱨ|ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ [[ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]] ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱤᱴᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ([[ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ᱛᱮ) ᱥᱮ (ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) [[ᱞᱮᱯᱴᱚᱯ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ]], [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ|ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]], [[ᱞᱚᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭ.ᱰᱤ. (ID) ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱛᱟᱨ (wirelessly) ᱛᱮ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (NFC) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Sarah |date=11 October 2012 |title=NTT Docomo to take Japanese mobile wallet global |url=http://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120074928/https://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/11/318353/ntt-docomo-to-take-japanese-mobile-wallet-global/ |archive-date=20 November 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=NFC World}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ (ID) ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱪᱮᱠᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Randy |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Digital Driver's Licenses Are Finding Their Way to State and Federal Agencies |url=https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101073724/https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2023/02/digital-drivers-licenses-are-finding-their-way-state-and-federal-agencies |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=FedTech}}</ref> {{asof|2025|January}} ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱩ.ᱠᱮ. ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱢᱤᱫ GOV.UK ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>UK Government, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/digital-driving-licence-coming-this-year Digital driving licence coming this year], published on 21 January 2025, accessed on 22 October 2025</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱴᱠᱚᱭᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱤ (private keys) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ == ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Kang Shao Wang 2018 pp. 13–19">{{cite journal | last1=Kang | first1=Baoyuan | last2=Shao | first2=Dongyang | last3=Wang | first3=Jiaqiang | title=A fair electronic payment system for digital content using elliptic curve cryptography | journal=Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2018 | issn=1748-3018 | doi=10.1177/1748301817727123 | pages=13–19| doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ [[ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ]] ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱚᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱱ (thin) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ)|ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miklesh Prasad Yadav |first=Madhu Arora |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |title=Study on impact on customer satisfaction for E-wallet using path analysis model. |date=2019 |publisher=International Journal of Information Systems & Management Science |ssrn=3369651 |access-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926082524/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3369651 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱮᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱬᱟ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ, ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ), ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱰᱟᱱᱦᱤᱞ]] (Dunhill) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Murphy |first=David |title=Dunhill Wallet Uses Biometrics |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002170236/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2378775,00.asp |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |magazine=PC Magazine}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱞᱩᱴᱩᱛᱷ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ NFC ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ|ᱮᱱᱰᱨᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱟᱭ.ᱳ.ᱮᱥ]] ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾ [[ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ]] (M-PESA) ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2007 |title=Dial M for money |url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2007/06/28/dial-m-for-money |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115051330/http://www.economist.com/node/9414419?story_id=9414419 |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱥ]] (MasterCard PayPass) ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=PayPass Adoption Study |url=http://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301160745/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/new-mastercard-advisors-study-on-contactless-payments-shows-almost-30-lift-in-total-spend-within-first-year-of-adoption/ |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=MasterCard Advisors}}</ref> ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ (consumers) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱬ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘-᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱘᱕᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱕% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱖.᱗% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓.᱓% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱔᱘.᱕% ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱖.᱔% ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙.᱓% ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱡᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ [[ᱯᱷᱞᱤᱯᱠᱟᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanchani |first=Madhav |date=7 March 2016 |title=Amazon India planning launch of digital wallet in a bid to build online payments business |work=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041746/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/amazon-india-planning-launch-of-digital-wallet-in-a-bid-to-build-online-payments-business/articleshow/51282576.cms?intenttarget=no |archive-date=31 January 2019 |access-date=27 June 2017 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ (financial inclusion) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shahen |first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud |last2=Sharaf |first2=Mesbah Fathy |title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review |journal=FinTech |volume=4 |issue=4 |year=2025 |pages=59 |doi=10.3390/fintech4040059 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ == ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ (fraud) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱮᱯᱮᱢᱼᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱚᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱰ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱛᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱯᱥᱚᱱ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=Top Five Emerging Trends in Procurement |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406091029/https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/top-five-emerging-trends-procurement/#The_Advantages_of_using_E-Wallets |archive-date=2023-04-06 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=SIPMM Publications |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ == [[iDEAL]] ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, [[European Payments Initiative|ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] (EPI) ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch payment processor iDeal to become European standard |url=https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629141216/https://nltimes.nl/2023/04/25/dutch-payment-processor-ideal-become-european-standard |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=NL Times |date=25 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EPI Company announces iDEAL and Payconiq acquisition |url=https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426084002/https://thepaypers.com/payments-general/epi-company-announces-ideal-and-payconiq-acquisition--1262337 |archive-date=2023-04-26 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=thepaypers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumitrescu |first=Irina |date=2023-04-25 |title=[GLOBAL] EPI Company announces acquisitions, additional shareholders and the coming launch of its new instant payment solution |url=https://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425100304/http://www.epicompany.eu/epi-company-announces-acquisitions-additional-shareholders-and-the-coming-launch-of-its-new-instant-payment-solution/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=European Payments Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=n.a. |date=2023-04-25 |title=iDEAL Becomes More Ideal |url=https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092413/https://www.ideal.nl/en/actueel/nieuws/ideal-becomes-more-ideal/ |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=iDEAL |language=en-US}}</ref> == ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{IETF RFC|4112|link=no}}: ECML ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ {{ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ]] lcsrf9y3lf7ea8skhv7kumghcgpu458 0 35787 191374 2026-05-02T12:07:25Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 191374 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ]] nk43prxkxof3qfsab392ge8hn91knhx 0 35788 191377 2026-05-02T12:09:12Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 191377 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] 66dzrkyr7d4rwvqn3yujirf4o39lui2 10 35789 191379 2026-05-02T12:13:23Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | title = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | listclass = hlist | list1 = * [[ᱚᱥᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱟᱥᱩᱨ]] * [[ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ]] * [[ᱪᱮᱨᱚ]] * [[ᱜᱚᱱᱰ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱜᱚᱱᱰ]] * [[ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱦᱳ]] * [[ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱠᱩ]] * [[ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱞ]] * [[ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ]] * [[ᱩᱨᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱶ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] * [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] </noinclude> ru92t4srisu60g6fgl9ebtcd3xgelpf 191419 191379 2026-05-03T04:42:14Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | title = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | listclass = hlist | list1 = * [[ᱚᱥᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱟᱥᱩᱨ]] * [[ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ|ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱚᱲ]] * [[ᱪᱮᱨᱚ]] * [[ᱜᱚᱱᱰ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱜᱚᱱᱰ]] * [[ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱦᱳ]] * [[ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱠᱩ]] * [[ᱠᱳᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱞ]] * [[ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ]] * [[ᱩᱨᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱨᱟᱶ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ|ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱮ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] * [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] </noinclude> 3m8d5a3twanlcam497okmffclpgvnyz 10 35790 191385 2026-05-02T12:30:00Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 "{{Navbox |name = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨᱥ |title = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨᱥ |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |bodyclass = hlist |group1 = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ |list1 = * [[᱒ᱥᱤ᱒ᱯᱤ]] * [[ᱮᱰᱭᱮᱱ]] * [[ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ]] * [[ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱮ]] * ᱟᱢᱟᱡᱚ..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨᱥ |title = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨᱥ |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |bodyclass = hlist |group1 = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ |list1 = * [[᱒ᱥᱤ᱒ᱯᱤ]] * [[ᱮᱰᱭᱮᱱ]] * [[ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ]] * [[ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱟᱢᱟᱡᱚᱱ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ]] * [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ|ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ|ᱯᱮ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ|ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱳᱢᱮᱴ (ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ)|ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱳᱢᱮᱴ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱳᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱮᱥᱠ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱴ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱵᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱡᱩᱢ]] * [[ᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ]] * [[ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ]] ** [[ᱟᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨᱯᱮ]] ** [[ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ (ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱥ)|ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱵᱳᱠᱩ, ᱤᱱᱠ.]] * [[ᱵᱤᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱵᱚᱝᱠ]] * [[ᱠᱟᱨᱴᱟ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱣᱟᱭᱤᱰ]] * [[ᱠᱮᱥ ᱮᱯ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱰᱤᱮᱥ ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱪᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱠ]] ** [[ᱣᱤᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱮᱞ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ|ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱠᱨᱮᱰ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱠᱨᱮᱰ]] * [[ᱰᱣᱳᱞᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱡᱤᱯᱮᱭᱥᱟ]] * [[ᱮᱞᱟᱵᱷᱚᱱ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱥᱴᱨᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱡᱤᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱮᱛᱷᱚᱰ)|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ** [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ (ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱮᱯ)|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱦᱤᱴᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱟᱭᱰᱤᱭᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱱᱤᱠᱳ]] * [[ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱮᱠ ᱤ-ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱡᱽᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱭᱳ]] * [[ᱠᱟᱠᱟᱳᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱠᱞᱟᱨᱱᱟ]] * [[ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱭᱟ (ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ)|ᱢᱟᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱢᱤᱨ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ)|ᱢᱤᱨ]] ** [[ᱢᱤᱨ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱢᱳᱵᱤᱠᱩᱭᱤᱠ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱰᱮᱴᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱠᱟ|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱠᱟ]] * [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ]] * [[ᱮᱢᱟᱭ-ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱢᱤᱱᱴᱪᱤᱯ]] * [[ᱮᱢᱮᱢᱠᱤᱣᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱫ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱮᱱᱯᱤᱥᱤᱟᱭ]] ** [[ᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ|ᱟᱭᱮᱢᱯᱤᱮᱥ]] ** [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ|ᱤᱣᱯᱤᱟᱭ]] *** [[ᱵᱷᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ|ᱮᱱᱤᱮᱯᱷᱴᱤ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱠᱥᱤ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱠᱥᱜᱳ]] * [[ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱟᱞᱱᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱱᱩᱵᱷᱮᱭ]] * [[ᱚᱨᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱳᱥᱟᱭᱯᱷᱩ-ᱠᱮᱭᱴᱟᱭ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱠᱥ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱯᱟᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱮᱱᱤᱦᱣᱮᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱤ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱣᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱣ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱭᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ** [[ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ]] ** [[ᱡᱮᱴᱮᱞ]] ** [[ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱢᱳ]] ** [[ᱡᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱡᱩᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱯᱷ]] ** [[ᱱᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱨ]] ** [[ᱳᱯᱮᱱᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] ** [[ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱯᱷᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ** [[ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱡᱳᱱ (ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱸᱰ)|ᱯᱮᱡᱳᱱ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱴᱤᱮᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱤᱣ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱽᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱤᱠᱥ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ)|ᱯᱤᱠᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ]] * [[ᱠᱤᱣᱟᱨᱟᱭᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱨᱮᱰ ᱰᱚᱴ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱟ]] * [[ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱳᱞᱤᱣᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱮᱢᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱮ]] ** [[ᱥᱮᱢᱥᱚᱝ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱥᱵᱮᱨᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱮᱥᱵᱤᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱡᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱯᱷᱴ᱔]] * [[ᱥᱚᱯ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱥᱠᱮᱞᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱯ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱯ]] * [[ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱱᱤᱣ]] * [[ᱴᱮᱱᱥᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱴᱟᱪ ᱮᱱ ᱜᱳ ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱴᱩᱭᱤᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱯᱮ (ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱢ (Veem)|ᱵᱷᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱯᱷᱳᱱ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱯᱥ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱵᱷ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱣᱤᱪᱮᱴ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱨᱳ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱣᱮᱨᱳ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱭᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱤᱡᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱮᱥᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱯᱮ, ᱤᱱᱠ.]] * [[ᱭᱟᱱᱰᱮᱠᱥ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱭᱟᱯᱮ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱭᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱴᱟ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱡᱮᱴᱟ]] * [[ᱡᱤᱱᱟ]] |group2 = ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ |list2 = * [[ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱜᱽ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱜᱽ]] * [[ᱵᱮᱞ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱞᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱤ᱒ᱟᱭᱴᱤ]] * [[ᱠᱞᱤᱝᱠᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱴᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱴᱩᱢᱳ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱰ|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ (᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱒᱐᱑᱘)]] * [[ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱞᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱮᱞᱡᱤ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱨᱪᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱢᱳᱡᱤᱰᱳ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱭᱮᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱤᱝᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱳᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱠᱤᱣᱤ]] * [[ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱥᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱢᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] * [[ᱛᱮᱡᱽ (ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ)|ᱛᱮᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥ]] ** [[ᱯᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱯᱮ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ]] * [[ᱡᱳᱝ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ)|ᱡᱳᱝ]] |group3=[[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱮᱱᱥ]] |list3= *[[ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ]] *[[ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱢ]] *[[ᱳᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱳᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ]] *[[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱞᱤ]] **[[ᱨᱤᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱨᱤᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱮᱴ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱵᱷᱮᱞᱮᱠᱥ]] *[[ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] *[[ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ]] *[[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴ]] *[[ᱮᱠᱥᱤ.ᱠᱚᱢ|ᱮᱠᱥᱤ]] |group4 = ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ |list4 = * [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] * [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] | below = * {{icon|category}} [[:Category:ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ|ᱛᱷᱚᱠ]] }}<noinclude> {{Navbox documentation}} [[Category:ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] [[Category:ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] </noinclude> psxjazd2tcgelo7lzlntlaswonpwpeb 191387 191385 2026-05-02T12:31:14Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Digital payment providers]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 191385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨᱥ |title = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨᱥ |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |bodyclass = hlist |group1 = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ |list1 = * [[᱒ᱥᱤ᱒ᱯᱤ]] * [[ᱮᱰᱭᱮᱱ]] * [[ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ]] * [[ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱟᱢᱟᱡᱚᱱ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ]] * [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ|ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ|ᱯᱮ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ|ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱳᱢᱮᱴ (ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ)|ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱳᱢᱮᱴ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱳᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱮᱥᱠ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱴ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱵᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱡᱩᱢ]] * [[ᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ]] * [[ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ]] ** [[ᱟᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨᱯᱮ]] ** [[ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ (ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱥ)|ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱵᱳᱠᱩ, ᱤᱱᱠ.]] * [[ᱵᱤᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱵᱚᱝᱠ]] * [[ᱠᱟᱨᱴᱟ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱣᱟᱭᱤᱰ]] * [[ᱠᱮᱥ ᱮᱯ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱰᱤᱮᱥ ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱪᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱠ]] ** [[ᱣᱤᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱮᱞ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ|ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱠᱨᱮᱰ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱠᱨᱮᱰ]] * [[ᱰᱣᱳᱞᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱡᱤᱯᱮᱭᱥᱟ]] * [[ᱮᱞᱟᱵᱷᱚᱱ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱥᱴᱨᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱡᱤᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱮᱛᱷᱚᱰ)|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ** [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ (ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱮᱯ)|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱦᱤᱴᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱟᱭᱰᱤᱭᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱱᱤᱠᱳ]] * [[ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱮᱠ ᱤ-ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱡᱽᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱭᱳ]] * [[ᱠᱟᱠᱟᱳᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱠᱞᱟᱨᱱᱟ]] * [[ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱭᱟ (ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ)|ᱢᱟᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱢᱤᱨ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ)|ᱢᱤᱨ]] ** [[ᱢᱤᱨ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱢᱳᱵᱤᱠᱩᱭᱤᱠ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱰᱮᱴᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱠᱟ|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱠᱟ]] * [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ]] * [[ᱮᱢᱟᱭ-ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱢᱤᱱᱴᱪᱤᱯ]] * [[ᱮᱢᱮᱢᱠᱤᱣᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱫ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱮᱱᱯᱤᱥᱤᱟᱭ]] ** [[ᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ|ᱟᱭᱮᱢᱯᱤᱮᱥ]] ** [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ|ᱤᱣᱯᱤᱟᱭ]] *** [[ᱵᱷᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ|ᱮᱱᱤᱮᱯᱷᱴᱤ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱠᱥᱤ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱠᱥᱜᱳ]] * [[ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱟᱞᱱᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱱᱩᱵᱷᱮᱭ]] * [[ᱚᱨᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱳᱥᱟᱭᱯᱷᱩ-ᱠᱮᱭᱴᱟᱭ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱠᱥ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱯᱟᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱮᱱᱤᱦᱣᱮᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱤ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱣᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱣ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱭᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ** [[ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ]] ** [[ᱡᱮᱴᱮᱞ]] ** [[ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱢᱳ]] ** [[ᱡᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱡᱩᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱯᱷ]] ** [[ᱱᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱨ]] ** [[ᱳᱯᱮᱱᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] ** [[ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱯᱷᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ** [[ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱡᱳᱱ (ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱸᱰ)|ᱯᱮᱡᱳᱱ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱴᱤᱮᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱤᱣ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱽᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱤᱠᱥ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ)|ᱯᱤᱠᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ]] * [[ᱠᱤᱣᱟᱨᱟᱭᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱨᱮᱰ ᱰᱚᱴ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱟ]] * [[ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱳᱞᱤᱣᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱮᱢᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱮ]] ** [[ᱥᱮᱢᱥᱚᱝ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱥᱵᱮᱨᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱮᱥᱵᱤᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱡᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱯᱷᱴ᱔]] * [[ᱥᱚᱯ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱥᱠᱮᱞᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱯ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱯ]] * [[ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱱᱤᱣ]] * [[ᱴᱮᱱᱥᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱴᱟᱪ ᱮᱱ ᱜᱳ ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱴᱩᱭᱤᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱯᱮ (ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱢ (Veem)|ᱵᱷᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱯᱷᱳᱱ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱯᱥ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱵᱷ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱣᱤᱪᱮᱴ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱨᱳ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱣᱮᱨᱳ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱭᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱤᱡᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱮᱥᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱯᱮ, ᱤᱱᱠ.]] * [[ᱭᱟᱱᱰᱮᱠᱥ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱭᱟᱯᱮ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱭᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱴᱟ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱡᱮᱴᱟ]] * [[ᱡᱤᱱᱟ]] |group2 = ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ |list2 = * [[ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱜᱽ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱜᱽ]] * [[ᱵᱮᱞ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱞᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱤ᱒ᱟᱭᱴᱤ]] * [[ᱠᱞᱤᱝᱠᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱴᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱴᱩᱢᱳ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱰ|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ (᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱒᱐᱑᱘)]] * [[ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱞᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱮᱞᱡᱤ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱨᱪᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱢᱳᱡᱤᱰᱳ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱭᱮᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱤᱝᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱳᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱠᱤᱣᱤ]] * [[ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱥᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱢᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] * [[ᱛᱮᱡᱽ (ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ)|ᱛᱮᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥ]] ** [[ᱯᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱯᱮ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ]] * [[ᱡᱳᱝ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ)|ᱡᱳᱝ]] |group3=[[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱮᱱᱥ]] |list3= *[[ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ]] *[[ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱢ]] *[[ᱳᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱳᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ]] *[[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱞᱤ]] **[[ᱨᱤᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱨᱤᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱮᱴ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱵᱷᱮᱞᱮᱠᱥ]] *[[ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] *[[ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ]] *[[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴ]] *[[ᱮᱠᱥᱤ.ᱠᱚᱢ|ᱮᱠᱥᱤ]] |group4 = ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ |list4 = * [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] * [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] | below = * {{icon|category}} [[:Category:ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ|ᱛᱷᱚᱠ]] }}<noinclude> {{Navbox documentation}} [[Category:ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] [[Category:ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] </noinclude> psxjazd2tcgelo7lzlntlaswonpwpeb 191391 191387 2026-05-02T12:37:22Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 191391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨᱥ |title = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨᱥ |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |bodyclass = hlist |group1 = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ |list1 = * [[᱒ᱥᱤ᱒ᱯᱤ]] * [[ᱮᱰᱭᱮᱱ]] * [[ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ]] * [[ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱟᱢᱟᱡᱚᱱ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ]] * [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ|ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ|ᱯᱮᱹ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ|ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱳᱢᱮᱴ (ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ)|ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱳᱢᱮᱴ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱳᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱮᱥᱠ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱴ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱵᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱡᱩᱢ]] * [[ᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ]] * [[ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ]] ** [[ᱟᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨᱯᱮ]] ** [[ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ (ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱥ)|ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱵᱳᱠᱩ, ᱤᱱᱠ.]] * [[ᱵᱤᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱵᱚᱝᱠ]] * [[ᱠᱟᱨᱴᱟ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱣᱟᱭᱤᱰ]] * [[ᱠᱮᱥ ᱮᱯ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱰᱤᱮᱥ ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱪᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱠ]] ** [[ᱣᱤᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱮᱞ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ|ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱠᱨᱮᱰ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱠᱨᱮᱰ]] * [[ᱰᱣᱳᱞᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱡᱤᱯᱮᱭᱥᱟ]] * [[ᱮᱞᱟᱵᱷᱚᱱ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱥᱴᱨᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱡᱤᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱮᱛᱷᱚᱰ)|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ]] ** [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ (ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱮᱯ)|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ ᱮᱯᱹ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱦᱤᱴᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱟᱭᱰᱤᱭᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱱᱤᱠᱳ]] * [[ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱮᱠ ᱤ-ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱡᱽᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱭᱳ]] * [[ᱠᱟᱠᱟᱳᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱠᱞᱟᱨᱱᱟ]] * [[ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱭᱟ (ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ)|ᱢᱟᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱢᱤᱨ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ)|ᱢᱤᱨ]] ** [[ᱢᱤᱨ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱳᱵᱤᱠᱩᱭᱤᱠ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱰᱮᱴᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱠᱟ|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱠᱟ]] * [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ]] * [[ᱮᱢᱟᱭ-ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱤᱱᱴᱪᱤᱯ]] * [[ᱮᱢᱮᱢᱠᱤᱣᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱫ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱮᱱ.ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ** [[ᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ|ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱢ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱥ]] ** [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ|ᱤᱣ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] *** [[ᱵᱷᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ|ᱮᱱᱤᱮᱯᱷᱴᱤ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱠᱥᱤ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱠᱥᱜᱳ]] * [[ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱟᱞᱱᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱱᱩᱵᱷᱮᱭ]] * [[ᱚᱨᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱳᱥᱟᱭᱯᱷᱩ-ᱠᱮᱭᱴᱟᱭ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱠᱥ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱯᱟᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱮᱱᱤᱦᱣᱮᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱤ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱣᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱣ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱭᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ** [[ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ]] ** [[ᱡᱮᱴᱮᱞ]] ** [[ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱢᱳ]] ** [[ᱡᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱡᱩᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱹᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱯᱷ]] ** [[ᱱᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱨ]] ** [[ᱳᱯᱮᱱᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] ** [[ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱯᱷᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ** [[ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱡᱳᱱ (ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱸᱰ)|ᱯᱮᱡᱳᱱ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱴᱤᱮᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱤᱣ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱽᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱤᱠᱥ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ)|ᱯᱤᱠᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ]] * [[ᱠᱤᱣᱟᱨᱟᱭᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱨᱮᱰ ᱰᱚᱴ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱟ]] * [[ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱳᱞᱤᱣᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱮᱢᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱮᱹ]] ** [[ᱥᱮᱢᱥᱚᱝ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱥᱵᱮᱨᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱮᱥᱵᱤᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱡᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱯᱷᱴ᱔]] * [[ᱥᱚᱯ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱠᱮᱞᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱯ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱯ]] * [[ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱱᱤᱣ]] * [[ᱴᱮᱱᱥᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱴᱟᱪ ᱮᱱ ᱜᱳ ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱴᱩᱭᱤᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱯᱮ (ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱢ (Veem)|ᱵᱷᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱯᱷᱳᱱ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱟᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱯᱥ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱵᱷ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱣᱤᱪᱮᱴ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱨᱳ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱣᱮᱨᱳ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱭᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱤᱡᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱮᱥᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱯᱮ, ᱤᱱᱠ.]] * [[ᱭᱟᱱᱰᱮᱠᱥ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱭᱟᱯᱮ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱭᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱴᱟ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱡᱮᱴᱟ]] * [[ᱡᱤᱱᱟ]] |group2 = ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ |list2 = * [[ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱜᱽ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱜᱽ]] * [[ᱵᱮᱞ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱞᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱤ᱒ᱟᱭᱴᱤ]] * [[ᱠᱞᱤᱝᱠᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱴᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱴᱩᱢᱳ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ ᱥᱮᱸᱰ|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ (᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱒᱐᱑᱘)]] * [[ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱞᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱮᱞᱡᱤ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱨᱪᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱳᱡᱤᱰᱳ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱭᱮᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱤᱝᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱳᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱠᱤᱣᱤ]] * [[ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱥᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱢᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] * [[ᱛᱮᱡᱽ (ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ)|ᱛᱮᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥ]] ** [[ᱯᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱯᱮ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ]] * [[ᱡᱳᱝ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ)|ᱡᱳᱝ]] |group3=[[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱮᱱᱥ]] |list3= *[[ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ]] *[[ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱢ]] *[[ᱳᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱳᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ]] *[[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱞᱤ]] **[[ᱨᱤᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱨᱤᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱮᱴ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱵᱷᱮᱞᱮᱠᱥ]] *[[ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] *[[ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ]] *[[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴ]] *[[ᱮᱠᱥᱤ.ᱠᱚᱢ|ᱮᱠᱥᱤ]] |group4 = ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ |list4 = * [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] * [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] | below = * {{icon|category}} [[:Category:ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ|ᱛᱷᱚᱠ]] }}<noinclude> {{Navbox documentation}} [[Category:ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] [[Category:ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] </noinclude> c203bfpmr6s02qfu9mhfc06sv3u1uwy 191398 191391 2026-05-02T12:43:35Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨᱥ |title = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨᱥ |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |bodyclass = hlist |group1 = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ |list1 = * [[᱒ᱥᱤ᱒ᱯᱤ]] * [[ᱮᱰᱭᱮᱱ]] * [[ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ]] * [[ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱟᱢᱟᱡᱚᱱ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ]] * [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ|ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ|ᱯᱮᱹ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ|ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱳᱢᱮᱴ (ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ)|ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱳᱢᱮᱴ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱳᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱮᱥᱠ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱴ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱵᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱡᱩᱢ]] * [[ᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ]] * [[ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ]] ** [[ᱟᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨᱯᱮ]] ** [[ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ (ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱥ)|ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱵᱳᱠᱩ, ᱤᱱᱠ.]] * [[ᱵᱤᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱵᱚᱝᱠ]] * [[ᱠᱟᱨᱴᱟ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱣᱟᱭᱤᱰ]] * [[ᱠᱮᱥ ᱮᱯ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱰᱤᱮᱥ ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱪᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱠ]] ** [[ᱣᱤᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱮᱞ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ|ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱠᱨᱮᱰ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱠᱨᱮᱰ]] * [[ᱰᱣᱳᱞᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱡᱤᱯᱮᱭᱥᱟ]] * [[ᱮᱞᱟᱵᱷᱚᱱ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱥᱴᱨᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱡᱤᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ]] ** [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ (ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱮᱯ)|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ ᱮᱯᱹ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱦᱤᱴᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱟᱭᱰᱤᱭᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱱᱤᱠᱳ]] * [[ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱮᱠ ᱤ-ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱡᱽᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱭᱳ]] * [[ᱠᱟᱠᱟᱳᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱠᱞᱟᱨᱱᱟ]] * [[ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱭᱟ (ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ)|ᱢᱟᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱢᱤᱨ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ)|ᱢᱤᱨ]] ** [[ᱢᱤᱨ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱳᱵᱤᱠᱩᱭᱤᱠ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱰᱮᱴᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱠᱟ|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱠᱟ]] * [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ]] * [[ᱮᱢᱟᱭ-ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱤᱱᱴᱪᱤᱯ]] * [[ᱮᱢᱮᱢᱠᱤᱣᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱫ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱮᱱ.ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ** [[ᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ|ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱢ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱥ]] ** [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ|ᱤᱣ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] *** [[ᱵᱷᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ|ᱮᱱᱤᱮᱯᱷᱴᱤ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱠᱥᱤ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱠᱥᱜᱳ]] * [[ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱟᱞᱱᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱱᱩᱵᱷᱮᱭ]] * [[ᱚᱨᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱳᱥᱟᱭᱯᱷᱩ-ᱠᱮᱭᱴᱟᱭ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱠᱥ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱯᱟᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱮᱱᱤᱦᱣᱮᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱤ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱣᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱣ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱭᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ** [[ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ]] ** [[ᱡᱮᱴᱮᱞ]] ** [[ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱢᱳ]] ** [[ᱡᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱡᱩᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱹᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱯᱷ]] ** [[ᱱᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱨ]] ** [[ᱳᱯᱮᱱᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] ** [[ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱯᱷᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ** [[ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱡᱳᱱ (ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱸᱰ)|ᱯᱮᱡᱳᱱ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱴᱤᱮᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱤᱣ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱽᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱤᱠᱥ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ)|ᱯᱤᱠᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ]] * [[ᱠᱤᱣᱟᱨᱟᱭᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱨᱮᱰ ᱰᱚᱴ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱟ]] * [[ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱳᱞᱤᱣᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱮᱢᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱮᱹ]] ** [[ᱥᱮᱢᱥᱚᱝ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱥᱵᱮᱨᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱮᱥᱵᱤᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱡᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱯᱷᱴ᱔]] * [[ᱥᱚᱯ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱠᱮᱞᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱯ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱯ]] * [[ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱱᱤᱣ]] * [[ᱴᱮᱱᱥᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱴᱟᱪ ᱮᱱ ᱜᱳ ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱴᱩᱭᱤᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱯᱮ (ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱢ (Veem)|ᱵᱷᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱯᱷᱳᱱ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱟᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱯᱥ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱵᱷ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱣᱤᱪᱮᱴ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱨᱳ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱣᱮᱨᱳ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱭᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱤᱡᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱮᱥᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱯᱮ, ᱤᱱᱠ.]] * [[ᱭᱟᱱᱰᱮᱠᱥ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱭᱟᱯᱮ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱭᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱴᱟ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱡᱮᱴᱟ]] * [[ᱡᱤᱱᱟ]] |group2 = ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ |list2 = * [[ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱜᱽ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱜᱽ]] * [[ᱵᱮᱞ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱞᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱤ᱒ᱟᱭᱴᱤ]] * [[ᱠᱞᱤᱝᱠᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱴᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱴᱩᱢᱳ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ ᱥᱮᱸᱰ|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ (᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱒᱐᱑᱘)]] * [[ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱞᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱮᱞᱡᱤ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱨᱪᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱳᱡᱤᱰᱳ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱭᱮᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱤᱝᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱳᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱠᱤᱣᱤ]] * [[ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱥᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱢᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] * [[ᱛᱮᱡᱽ (ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ)|ᱛᱮᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥ]] ** [[ᱯᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱯᱮ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ]] * [[ᱡᱳᱝ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ)|ᱡᱳᱝ]] |group3=[[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱮᱱᱥ]] |list3= *[[ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ]] *[[ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱢ]] *[[ᱳᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱳᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ]] *[[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱞᱤ]] **[[ᱨᱤᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱨᱤᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱮᱴ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱵᱷᱮᱞᱮᱠᱥ]] *[[ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] *[[ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ]] *[[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴ]] *[[ᱮᱠᱥᱤ.ᱠᱚᱢ|ᱮᱠᱥᱤ]] |group4 = ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ |list4 = * [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] * [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] | below = * {{icon|category}} [[:Category:ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ|ᱛᱷᱚᱠ]] }}<noinclude> {{Navbox documentation}} [[Category:ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] [[Category:ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] </noinclude> sdzvwpflkqbshs4o53paymwysvke5i2 191399 191398 2026-05-02T12:44:15Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨᱥ |title = ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨᱥ |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |bodyclass = hlist |group1 = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ |list1 = * [[᱒ᱥᱤ᱒ᱯᱤ]] * [[ᱮᱰᱭᱮᱱ]] * [[ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ]] * [[ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱟᱢᱟᱡᱚᱱ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ]] * [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ|ᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ|ᱯᱮᱹ]] ** [[ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ|ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱳᱢᱮᱴ (ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ)|ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱳᱢᱮᱴ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱳᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱮᱥᱠ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱴ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱵᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱡᱩᱢ]] * [[ᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ]] * [[ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱵᱽᱞᱚᱠ]] ** [[ᱟᱯᱷᱴᱟᱨᱯᱮ]] ** [[ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ (ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱥ)|ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱵᱳᱠᱩ, ᱤᱱᱠ.]] * [[ᱵᱤᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱵᱚᱝᱠ]] * [[ᱠᱟᱨᱴᱟ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱣᱟᱭᱤᱰ]] * [[ᱠᱮᱥ ᱮᱯ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱰᱤᱮᱥ ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱪᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱠ]] ** [[ᱣᱤᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱮᱞ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ|ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱠᱨᱮᱰ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱠᱨᱮᱰ]] * [[ᱰᱣᱳᱞᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱡᱤᱯᱮᱭᱥᱟ]] * [[ᱮᱞᱟᱵᱷᱚᱱ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱥᱴᱨᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱡᱤᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱜᱽᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ]] ** [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ (ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱮᱯ)|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ ᱮᱯ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱦᱤᱴᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱟᱭᱰᱤᱭᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱱᱤᱠᱳ]] * [[ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱮᱠ ᱤ-ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱡᱽᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱭᱳ]] * [[ᱠᱟᱠᱟᱳᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱠᱞᱟᱨᱱᱟ]] * [[ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱭᱟ (ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ)|ᱢᱟᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱢᱤᱨ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ)|ᱢᱤᱨ]] ** [[ᱢᱤᱨ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱳᱵᱤᱠᱩᱭᱤᱠ]] * [[ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱰᱮᱴᱟ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱠᱟ|ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱠᱟ]] * [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱮᱢ-ᱯᱮᱥᱟ]] * [[ᱮᱢᱟᱭ-ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱤᱱᱴᱪᱤᱯ]] * [[ᱮᱢᱮᱢᱠᱤᱣᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱫ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱮᱱ.ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] ** [[ᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ|ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱢ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱥ]] ** [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱮᱥ|ᱤᱣ.ᱯᱤ.ᱟᱭ]] *** [[ᱵᱷᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰᱥ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ|ᱮᱱᱤᱮᱯᱷᱴᱤ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱠᱥᱤ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱠᱥᱜᱳ]] * [[ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱟᱞᱱᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱱᱩᱵᱷᱮᱭ]] * [[ᱚᱨᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱳᱥᱟᱭᱯᱷᱩ-ᱠᱮᱭᱴᱟᱭ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱠᱥ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱯᱟᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱮᱱᱤᱦᱣᱮᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱤ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱣᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱣ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱭᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ** [[ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ]] ** [[ᱡᱮᱴᱮᱞ]] ** [[ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱢᱳ]] ** [[ᱡᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱡᱩᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱹᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱯᱷ]] ** [[ᱱᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱨ]] ** [[ᱳᱯᱮᱱᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] ** [[ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱯᱷᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] ** [[ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱡᱳᱱ (ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱸᱰ)|ᱯᱮᱡᱳᱱ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱴᱤᱮᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱤᱣ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱳᱱᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱽᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱤᱠᱥ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ)|ᱯᱤᱠᱥ]] * [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ]] * [[ᱠᱤᱣᱟᱨᱟᱭᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱨᱮᱰ ᱰᱚᱴ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱟ]] * [[ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱳᱞᱤᱣᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱮᱢᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱮᱹ]] ** [[ᱥᱮᱢᱥᱚᱝ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱥᱵᱮᱨᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱮᱥᱵᱤᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱡᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱯᱷᱴ᱔]] * [[ᱥᱚᱯ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱠᱮᱞᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱯ, ᱤᱱᱠ.|ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱯ]] * [[ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱱᱤᱣ]] * [[ᱴᱮᱱᱥᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱴᱟᱪ ᱮᱱ ᱜᱳ ᱤ-ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱴᱩᱭᱤᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱯᱮ (ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱯᱮ ᱮᱯ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱢ (Veem)|ᱵᱷᱤᱢ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱯᱷᱳᱱ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱟᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱯᱥ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱵᱷ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱣᱤᱪᱮᱴ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱣᱮᱨᱳ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱣᱮᱨᱳ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱭᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱤᱡᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱮᱥᱮ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱯᱮ, ᱤᱱᱠ.]] * [[ᱭᱟᱱᱰᱮᱠᱥ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱭᱟᱯᱮ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ)|ᱭᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱡᱮᱴᱟ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱡᱮᱴᱟ]] * [[ᱡᱤᱱᱟ]] |group2 = ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ |list2 = * [[ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱜᱽ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱜᱽ]] * [[ᱵᱮᱞ ᱟᱭᱰᱤ]] * [[ᱵᱤᱞᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱥᱤ᱒ᱟᱭᱴᱤ]] * [[ᱠᱞᱤᱝᱠᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱴᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱴᱩᱢᱳ]] * [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ ᱥᱮᱸᱰ|ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ (᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱒᱐᱑᱘)]] * [[ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱯᱮ]] * [[ᱞᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱮᱞᱡᱤ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱨᱪᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱢᱳᱡᱤᱰᱳ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱭᱮᱢ]] * [[ᱯᱤᱝᱤᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱳᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱠᱤᱣᱤ]] * [[ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱥᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱤᱢᱯᱮᱹ]] * [[ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] * [[ᱛᱮᱡᱽ (ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ)|ᱛᱮᱡᱽ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥ]] ** [[ᱯᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱠᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱰ]] * [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱯᱮ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ]] * [[ᱡᱳᱝ (ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ)|ᱡᱳᱝ]] |group3=[[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱮᱱᱥ]] |list3= *[[ᱠᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ]] *[[ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱢ]] *[[ᱳᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱳᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥ]] *[[ᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴᱞᱤ]] **[[ᱨᱤᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱨᱤᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱮᱴ]] *[[ᱴᱨᱟᱵᱷᱮᱞᱮᱠᱥ]] *[[ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] *[[ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ]] *[[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰᱨᱮᱢᱤᱴ]] *[[ᱮᱠᱥᱤ.ᱠᱚᱢ|ᱮᱠᱥᱤ]] |group4 = ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ |list4 = * [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ]] * [[ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱴ]] * [[ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] * [[ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ]] | below = * {{icon|category}} [[:Category:ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ|ᱛᱷᱚᱠ]] }}<noinclude> {{Navbox documentation}} [[Category:ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] [[Category:ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱣᱮᱨ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱠᱥ]] </noinclude> n6c37qn1bzcch2m3fj0fn1ih0nw0y3c 10 35791 191388 2026-05-02T12:31:14Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Digital payment providers]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 191388 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ]] 1ztuc2n8tfwoazqkdnbv48nhniamm9d 14 35792 191390 2026-05-02T12:35:58Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191390 wikitext text/x-wiki + jsojwe0y00ox745tisb3rfxjb66ayl8 0 35793 191397 2026-05-02T12:40:58Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 191397 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ᱜᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱮᱹ]] 9gmao51acwlqsjrgzyrhf0jbaiyqcfo 0 35794 191403 2026-05-02T16:30:19Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 "{{Short description|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox Indian political party | eci = ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱱᱨᱮᱠᱚᱜᱽᱱᱟᱭᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ | abbreviation = ISF | logo = ISF–Logo.pn..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox Indian political party | eci = ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱱᱨᱮᱠᱚᱜᱽᱱᱟᱭᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ | abbreviation = ISF | logo = ISF–Logo.png | colorcode = {{party color|Indian Secular Front}} | chairman = [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] | secretary = ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱚᱡᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱤ | founder = [[ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] | foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|2021|01|21}} | loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex={{party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} | rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex={{party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} | state_seats_name = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | state_seats = {{Composition bar|1|294|hex={{party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} | headquarters = [[ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ]], [[ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | ideology = {{Nowrap|[[ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ]]<br>[[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ]]}} | position = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ-ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱟ]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://isf.org.in/about|title=About ISF|publisher=ISF|quote=Siddiqui launched ISF as a secular, centre-left alternative to existing parties with a mission centered around social justice and inclusion. The party's stated goals include the "upliftment of backward masses – Muslims, tribals and Dalits" and fighting for the "deceived, deprived and downtrodden" of Bengal.|access-date=8 April 2026}}</ref> | colours = {{Colorsample|{{Party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} [[ᱞᱤᱞ]] | alliance = [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱴ|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ+]] (᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ)<br>[[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]] (᱒᱐᱒᱑–᱒᱐᱒᱔) | flag = [[File:ISF flag.svg|200px|border]] | symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Envelope.jpg|100px]] }} '''ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ''' ('''ISF'''),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/west-bengal/kolkata-nawsad-siddiques-isf-demonstrates-over-attacks-on-minorities-in-bangladesh-3297414|title=Kolkata: Nawsad Siddique's ISF demonstrates over attacks on minorities in Bangladesh|publisher=deccanherald|date=29 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISF MLA Naushad Siddiqui gets bail after protest against Sirajuddin Waqf Board in Kolkata |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/isf-mla-naushad-siddiqui-bail-protest-sir-waqf-10202852/lite/ |website=The Indian Express |date=22 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISF MLA Naushad Siddique gets bail a day after arrest over protest against Sir in Kolkata |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/isf-mla-nawsad-siddique-gets-bail-a-day-after-arrest-over-protest-against-sir-in-kolkata/article69960315.ece/ |website=The Hindu |date=22 January 2023}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ''' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{cite web |title=Contribution Report and Audit for the year 2021–2022 – All India Secular Front |url=https://ceowestbengal.nic.in/Expenditure/year_9/ContributionReport/Party58.pdf |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, West Bengal |date=31 March 2025 |access-date=27 June 2025 |format=PDF}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱴ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/west-bengal-elections-isf-naushad-siddiqui-letter-alliance-cpi-m-10215490/|title=Rise of Indian Secular Front in Bengal: Furfura Sharif outfit to TMC rival in Muslim pockets|publisher=Indian Express|date=31 Aug 2025|access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ISF ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wire.in|first=The|date=28 Feb 2021|title=Bengal: As Left and Congress Ally With Muslim Cleric's Party, Will BJP Be the Winner?|url=https://thewire.in/politics/west-bengal-left-congress-abbas-siddiqui-isf-bjp-elections}}</ref> ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]]<ref name=":0" /> ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=India|first=Outlook|date=28 February 2021|title=With Brigade Rally, Left-Congress-ISF's 'Sanyukta Morcha' Kicks Of Bengal Poll Campaign|work=Outlook.India|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/photos/photoessay/with-brigade-rally-left-congress-isfs-sanyukta-morcha-kicks-of-bengal-poll-campaign/2628}}</ref> ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, [[ᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱚᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ|ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱚᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=West Bengal: In Left-Congress Brigade Ground Rally, ISF Emerged as the Biggest Mobiliser|url=https://thewire.in/politics/in-left-congress-brigade-ground-rally-isf-emerged-as-the-biggest-mobiliser|access-date=2021-03-02|website=The Wire}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=30-seat deal with Left: ISF cleric Abbas Siddiqui|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-30-seat-deal-with-leftsays-indian-secular-front-cleric-abbas-siddiqui/cid/1807955|access-date=2021-03-02|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ, ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱡᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, [[᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ISF ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ CPI(M)-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/isf-leader-nawsad-siddique-speaks-out-about-isf-and-left-front-alliance-in-west-bengal-assembly-elections-rdp-2555596.html|title=ISF-Left Front Alliance: বামেদের সঙ্গেই সর্বাত্মক জোটে আইএসএফ! বুধবারের মধ্যেই কাটবে আসন রফা নিয়ে জট, ঘোষণা নওশাদের|publisher=News18 Bangla|date=24 Feb 2026}}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ|ECI]] ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ISF ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/election-commisions-new-symbol-rule-to-aid-parties-in-poll-bound-states/articleshow/129960465.cms|title=Election Commission's new symbol rule to aid parties in poll-bound states|publisher=The Economic Times|date=2 April 2026|access-date=4 April 2026}}</ref> ==ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ== [[᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ISF ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱤ)]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]]᱾ [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ MLA ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ [[᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ISF ᱫᱚ CPI(M)-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ {|class="wikitable " style="text-align:center;" !Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ !style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ !style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱴ ! style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱴ ! style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱴ ! style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱥᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ +/- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ !Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ % !Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ +/- !Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ |- ! colspan="9" |[[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] |- |[[᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱔]] | Rowspan="1" | [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] | :--- | | ᱑᱗ | ᱐ | {{Steady}} | ᱖᱕᱐᱒᱒᱙ | | {{up}} | {{Steady}} | - <br> ! colspan="9" |[[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | - | [[᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ | ᱒᱐᱒᱑]] | Rowspan="2" | [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] | [[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ | SM]] | ᱓᱒ | ᱑ | {{up}}᱑ | ᱘᱑᱓,᱔᱘᱙ | ᱑.᱓᱕% | {{up}} | ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ | - | [[᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ | ᱒᱐᱒᱖]] | [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱴ | LF+]] | | | {{up}} | | | {{up}} | | - |} == ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{reflist|2}} {{Indian political parties}} [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ]] [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] [[Category:ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] dae0qa8lyb2fqxu5uf7jp5mhg8sn2ok 191404 191403 2026-05-02T16:32:02Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox Indian political party | eci = ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱱᱨᱮᱠᱚᱜᱽᱱᱟᱭᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ | abbreviation = ISF | logo = ISF–Logo.png | colorcode = {{party color|Indian Secular Front}} | chairman = [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] | secretary = ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱚᱡᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱤ | founder = [[ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] | foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|2021|01|21}} | loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex={{party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} | rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex={{party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} | state_seats_name = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | state_seats = {{Composition bar|1|294|hex={{party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} | headquarters = [[ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ]], [[ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | ideology = {{Nowrap|[[ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ]]<br>[[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ]]}} | position = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ-ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱟ]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://isf.org.in/about|title=About ISF|publisher=ISF|quote=Siddiqui launched ISF as a secular, centre-left alternative to existing parties with a mission centered around social justice and inclusion. The party's stated goals include the "upliftment of backward masses – Muslims, tribals and Dalits" and fighting for the "deceived, deprived and downtrodden" of Bengal.|access-date=8 April 2026}}</ref> | colours = {{Colorsample|{{Party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} [[ᱞᱤᱞ]] | alliance = [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱴ|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ+]] (᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ)<br>[[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]] (᱒᱐᱒᱑–᱒᱐᱒᱔) | flag = [[File:ISF flag.svg|200px|border]] | symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Envelope.jpg|100px]] }} '''ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ''' ('''ISF'''),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/west-bengal/kolkata-nawsad-siddiques-isf-demonstrates-over-attacks-on-minorities-in-bangladesh-3297414|title=Kolkata: Nawsad Siddique's ISF demonstrates over attacks on minorities in Bangladesh|publisher=deccanherald|date=29 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISF MLA Naushad Siddiqui gets bail after protest against Sirajuddin Waqf Board in Kolkata |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/isf-mla-naushad-siddiqui-bail-protest-sir-waqf-10202852/lite/ |website=The Indian Express |date=22 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISF MLA Naushad Siddique gets bail a day after arrest over protest against Sir in Kolkata |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/isf-mla-nawsad-siddique-gets-bail-a-day-after-arrest-over-protest-against-sir-in-kolkata/article69960315.ece/ |website=The Hindu |date=22 January 2023}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ''' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{cite web |title=Contribution Report and Audit for the year 2021–2022 – All India Secular Front |url=https://ceowestbengal.nic.in/Expenditure/year_9/ContributionReport/Party58.pdf |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, West Bengal |date=31 March 2025 |access-date=27 June 2025 |format=PDF}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱴ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/west-bengal-elections-isf-naushad-siddiqui-letter-alliance-cpi-m-10215490/|title=Rise of Indian Secular Front in Bengal: Furfura Sharif outfit to TMC rival in Muslim pockets|publisher=Indian Express|date=31 Aug 2025|access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ISF ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wire.in|first=The|date=28 Feb 2021|title=Bengal: As Left and Congress Ally With Muslim Cleric's Party, Will BJP Be the Winner?|url=https://thewire.in/politics/west-bengal-left-congress-abbas-siddiqui-isf-bjp-elections}}</ref> ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]]<ref name=":0" /> ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=India|first=Outlook|date=28 February 2021|title=With Brigade Rally, Left-Congress-ISF's 'Sanyukta Morcha' Kicks Of Bengal Poll Campaign|work=Outlook.India|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/photos/photoessay/with-brigade-rally-left-congress-isfs-sanyukta-morcha-kicks-of-bengal-poll-campaign/2628}}</ref> ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, [[ᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱚᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ|ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱚᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=West Bengal: In Left-Congress Brigade Ground Rally, ISF Emerged as the Biggest Mobiliser|url=https://thewire.in/politics/in-left-congress-brigade-ground-rally-isf-emerged-as-the-biggest-mobiliser|access-date=2021-03-02|website=The Wire}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=30-seat deal with Left: ISF cleric Abbas Siddiqui|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-30-seat-deal-with-leftsays-indian-secular-front-cleric-abbas-siddiqui/cid/1807955|access-date=2021-03-02|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ, ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱡᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, [[᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ISF ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ CPI(M)-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/isf-leader-nawsad-siddique-speaks-out-about-isf-and-left-front-alliance-in-west-bengal-assembly-elections-rdp-2555596.html|title=ISF-Left Front Alliance: বামেদের সঙ্গেই সর্বাত্মক জোটে আইএসএফ! বুধবারের মধ্যেই কাটবে আসন রফা নিয়ে জট, ঘোষণা নওশাদের|publisher=News18 Bangla|date=24 Feb 2026}}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ|ECI]] ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ISF ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/election-commisions-new-symbol-rule-to-aid-parties-in-poll-bound-states/articleshow/129960465.cms|title=Election Commission's new symbol rule to aid parties in poll-bound states|publisher=The Economic Times|date=2 April 2026|access-date=4 April 2026}}</ref> ==ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ== [[᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ISF ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱤ)]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]]᱾ [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ MLA ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ [[᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ISF ᱫᱚ CPI(M)-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ {|class="wikitable " style="text-align:center;" !Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ !style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ !style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱴ ! style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱴ ! style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱴ ! style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱥᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ +/- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ !Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ % !Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ +/- !Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ |- ! colspan="9" |[[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] |- |[[᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱔]] | Rowspan="1" | [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] | :--- | | ᱑᱗ | ᱐ | {{Steady}} | ᱖᱕᱐᱒᱒᱙ | | {{up}} | {{Steady}} | - <br> ! colspan="9" |[[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | - | [[᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ | ᱒᱐᱒᱑]] | Rowspan="2" | [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] | [[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ | SM]] | ᱓᱒ | ᱑ | {{up}}᱑ | ᱘᱑᱓,᱔᱘᱙ | ᱑.᱓᱕% | {{up}} | ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ | - | [[᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ | ᱒᱐᱒᱖]] | [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱴ | LF+]] | | | {{up}} | | | {{up}} | | - |} == ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{reflist|2}} {{Indian political parties}} [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ]] [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] [[Category:ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] l8mdq0azzv9pil832clyqjpck93gpd8 191405 191404 2026-05-02T16:35:34Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox Indian political party | eci = ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱱᱨᱮᱠᱚᱜᱽᱱᱟᱭᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ | abbreviation = ISF | logo = ISF–Logo.png | colorcode = {{party color|Indian Secular Front}} | chairman = [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] | secretary = ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱚᱡᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱤ | founder = [[ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] | foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|2021|01|21}} | loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex={{party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} | rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex={{party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} | state_seats_name = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | state_seats = {{Composition bar|1|294|hex={{party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} | headquarters = [[ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ]], [[ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | ideology = {{Nowrap|[[ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ]]<br>[[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ]]}} | position = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ-ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱟ]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://isf.org.in/about|title=About ISF|publisher=ISF|quote=Siddiqui launched ISF as a secular, centre-left alternative to existing parties with a mission centered around social justice and inclusion. The party's stated goals include the "upliftment of backward masses – Muslims, tribals and Dalits" and fighting for the "deceived, deprived and downtrodden" of Bengal.|access-date=8 April 2026}}</ref> | colours = {{Colorsample|{{Party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} [[ᱞᱤᱞ]] | alliance = [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱴ|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ+]] (᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ)<br>[[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]] (᱒᱐᱒᱑–᱒᱐᱒᱔) | flag = [[File:ISF flag.svg|200px|border]] | symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Envelope.jpg|100px]] }} '''ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ''' ('''ISF'''),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/west-bengal/kolkata-nawsad-siddiques-isf-demonstrates-over-attacks-on-minorities-in-bangladesh-3297414|title=Kolkata: Nawsad Siddique's ISF demonstrates over attacks on minorities in Bangladesh|publisher=deccanherald|date=29 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISF MLA Naushad Siddiqui gets bail after protest against Sirajuddin Waqf Board in Kolkata |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/isf-mla-naushad-siddiqui-bail-protest-sir-waqf-10202852/lite/ |website=The Indian Express |date=22 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISF MLA Naushad Siddique gets bail a day after arrest over protest against Sir in Kolkata |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/isf-mla-nawsad-siddique-gets-bail-a-day-after-arrest-over-protest-against-sir-in-kolkata/article69960315.ece/ |website=The Hindu |date=22 January 2023}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ''' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{cite web |title=Contribution Report and Audit for the year 2021–2022 – All India Secular Front |url=https://ceowestbengal.nic.in/Expenditure/year_9/ContributionReport/Party58.pdf |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, West Bengal |date=31 March 2025 |access-date=27 June 2025 |format=PDF}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱴ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/west-bengal-elections-isf-naushad-siddiqui-letter-alliance-cpi-m-10215490/|title=Rise of Indian Secular Front in Bengal: Furfura Sharif outfit to TMC rival in Muslim pockets|publisher=Indian Express|date=31 Aug 2025|access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ISF ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wire.in|first=The|date=28 Feb 2021|title=Bengal: As Left and Congress Ally With Muslim Cleric's Party, Will BJP Be the Winner?|url=https://thewire.in/politics/west-bengal-left-congress-abbas-siddiqui-isf-bjp-elections}}</ref> ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]]<ref name=":0" /> ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=India|first=Outlook|date=28 February 2021|title=With Brigade Rally, Left-Congress-ISF's 'Sanyukta Morcha' Kicks Of Bengal Poll Campaign|work=Outlook.India|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/photos/photoessay/with-brigade-rally-left-congress-isfs-sanyukta-morcha-kicks-of-bengal-poll-campaign/2628}}</ref> ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, [[ᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱚᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ|ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱚᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=West Bengal: In Left-Congress Brigade Ground Rally, ISF Emerged as the Biggest Mobiliser|url=https://thewire.in/politics/in-left-congress-brigade-ground-rally-isf-emerged-as-the-biggest-mobiliser|access-date=2021-03-02|website=The Wire}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=30-seat deal with Left: ISF cleric Abbas Siddiqui|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-30-seat-deal-with-leftsays-indian-secular-front-cleric-abbas-siddiqui/cid/1807955|access-date=2021-03-02|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ, ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱡᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, [[᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ISF ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ CPI(M)-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/isf-leader-nawsad-siddique-speaks-out-about-isf-and-left-front-alliance-in-west-bengal-assembly-elections-rdp-2555596.html|title=ISF-Left Front Alliance: বামেদের সঙ্গেই সর্বাত্মক জোটে আইএসএফ! বুধবারের মধ্যেই কাটবে আসন রফা নিয়ে জট, ঘোষণা নওশাদের|publisher=News18 Bangla|date=24 Feb 2026}}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ|ECI]] ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ISF ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/election-commisions-new-symbol-rule-to-aid-parties-in-poll-bound-states/articleshow/129960465.cms|title=Election Commission's new symbol rule to aid parties in poll-bound states|publisher=The Economic Times|date=2 April 2026|access-date=4 April 2026}}</ref> ==ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ== [[᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ISF ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱤ)]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]]᱾ [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ MLA ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ [[᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ISF ᱫᱚ CPI(M)-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ {|class="wikitable " style="text-align:center;" !Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ !style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ !style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱴ ! style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱴ ! style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱴ ! style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱥᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ +/- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ !Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ % !Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ +/- !Style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white" | ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ |- ! colspan="9" |[[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] |- |[[᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱔]] | Rowspan="1" | [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] | :--- | | ᱑᱗ | ᱐ | {{Steady}} | ᱖᱕᱐᱒᱒᱙ | | {{up}} | {{Steady}} | - <br> ! colspan="9" |[[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | - | [[᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ | ᱒᱐᱒᱑]] | Rowspan="2" | [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] | [[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ | SM]] | ᱓᱒ | ᱑ | {{up}}᱑ | ᱘᱑᱓,᱔᱘᱙ | ᱑.᱓᱕% | {{up}} | ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ | - | [[᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ | ᱒᱐᱒᱖]] | [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱴ | LF+]] | | | {{up}} | | | {{up}} | | - |} == ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{reflist|2}} {{Indian political parties}} [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ]] [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] [[Category:ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] g6k8xvuo5r3a63bb422hjed8i4w7vkn 0 35795 191406 2026-05-02T16:40:42Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 "{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = [[ᱯᱤᱨᱡᱟᱫᱟ]] | image = Nawsad Siddique ISF.jpg | caption = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ | office = ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤ..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = [[ᱯᱤᱨᱡᱟᱫᱟ]] | image = Nawsad Siddique ISF.jpg | caption = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ | office = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ | term_start = ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ | term_end = | predecessor = [[ᱟᱵᱽᱫᱩᱨ ᱨᱚᱡᱡᱟᱠ ᱢᱚᱞᱞᱟ]] | successor = | constituency = [[Bhangar Assembly constituency|ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ]] | majority = ᱒᱖,᱑᱕᱑ | office1 = ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ | term_start1 = ᱙ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = ''ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ'' | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1993|5|2}} | birth_place = | portfolio = | committees = | cabinet = | profession = | relations = [[ᱟᱵᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ) | alma_mater = [[ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] | party = [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] | spouse = | children = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = | module = {{Infobox religious biography | embed = yes | religion = [[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ]] | denomination = [[ᱥᱩᱱᱱᱤ]] | jurisprudence = [[ᱦᱟᱱᱟᱯᱷᱤ]] | Sufi_order = [[Furfura Sharif|ᱥᱤᱞᱥᱤᱞᱟ-ᱮ-ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ]] }} | parents = ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ (ᱵᱟᱵᱟ) | nickname = }} '''[[ᱯᱤᱨᱡᱟᱫᱟ]] ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱓) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] (ISF) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ|ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱯᱷ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ, ᱩᱱᱤ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[Bhangar Assembly constituency|ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Furfura Sharif|ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[Pir (Sufism)|ᱯᱤᱨ]] [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱵᱩ ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱭᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ == ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱨ ᱡᱩᱞᱯᱷᱤᱠᱚᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ "''ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱚ ᱦᱩᱡᱩᱨ''" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱵᱩ ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱭᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ [[ᱟᱵᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=কে এই আব্বাস সিদ্দিকী, কীভাবে উত্থান, জানুন 'ভাইজানের' অজানা কাহিনি |url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/gallery/west-bengal-election/who-is-isf-leader-pirzada-bhaijaan-abbas-siddiqui-ahead-of-west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-spb-qpfr23/photoshow-wrur5k |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=asianetnews.com}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ [[ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Md. Nawsad Siddique - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=692 |access-date=2021-05-12 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> == ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱒᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱵᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Shiv Sahay |last2=Datta |first2=Sudipta |date=2021-04-09 |title=West Bengal Assembly Elections {{!}} Crucible of ISF, Bhangar reflects experiment in Muslim politics |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/crucible-of-isf-bhangore-reflects-experiment-in-muslim-politics/article34282381.ece |access-date=2021-05-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Secular Front ups ante on seats |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembky-elections-2021-indian-secular-front-ups-ante-on-seats/cid/1807005 |access-date=2021-05-12 |website=টেলিগ্রাফ ইন্ডিয়া}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ [[Indian National Congress|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Left Front (West Bengal)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[Sanjukta Morcha|ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=July 2024}} [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱡᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[Bhangar Assembly constituency|ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=একলা বিরোধী নওশাদের হাজিরায় স্পিকার নির্বাচন বিধানসভায় |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/isfs-Nawsad-siddiqui-is-the-only-opposition-mla-to-appear-in-the-speaker-election-dgtl/cid/1279940 |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=আনন্দবাজার পত্রিকা}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ, ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ}} [[Category:ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱑–᱒᱐᱒᱖]] [[Category:ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]] [[Category:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[Category:ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]] qtswtp0htn7fcpr2p3qnbigi4bqi5o3 191407 191406 2026-05-02T16:42:01Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱱᱚᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 191406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = [[ᱯᱤᱨᱡᱟᱫᱟ]] | image = Nawsad Siddique ISF.jpg | caption = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ | office = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ | term_start = ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ | term_end = | predecessor = [[ᱟᱵᱽᱫᱩᱨ ᱨᱚᱡᱡᱟᱠ ᱢᱚᱞᱞᱟ]] | successor = | constituency = [[Bhangar Assembly constituency|ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ]] | majority = ᱒᱖,᱑᱕᱑ | office1 = ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ | term_start1 = ᱙ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = ''ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ'' | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1993|5|2}} | birth_place = | portfolio = | committees = | cabinet = | profession = | relations = [[ᱟᱵᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ) | alma_mater = [[ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] | party = [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] | spouse = | children = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = | module = {{Infobox religious biography | embed = yes | religion = [[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ]] | denomination = [[ᱥᱩᱱᱱᱤ]] | jurisprudence = [[ᱦᱟᱱᱟᱯᱷᱤ]] | Sufi_order = [[Furfura Sharif|ᱥᱤᱞᱥᱤᱞᱟ-ᱮ-ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ]] }} | parents = ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ (ᱵᱟᱵᱟ) | nickname = }} '''[[ᱯᱤᱨᱡᱟᱫᱟ]] ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱓) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] (ISF) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ|ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱯᱷ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ, ᱩᱱᱤ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[Bhangar Assembly constituency|ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Furfura Sharif|ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[Pir (Sufism)|ᱯᱤᱨ]] [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱵᱩ ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱭᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ == ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱨ ᱡᱩᱞᱯᱷᱤᱠᱚᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ "''ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱚ ᱦᱩᱡᱩᱨ''" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱵᱩ ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱭᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ [[ᱟᱵᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=কে এই আব্বাস সিদ্দিকী, কীভাবে উত্থান, জানুন 'ভাইজানের' অজানা কাহিনি |url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/gallery/west-bengal-election/who-is-isf-leader-pirzada-bhaijaan-abbas-siddiqui-ahead-of-west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-spb-qpfr23/photoshow-wrur5k |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=asianetnews.com}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ [[ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Md. Nawsad Siddique - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=692 |access-date=2021-05-12 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> == ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱒᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱵᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Shiv Sahay |last2=Datta |first2=Sudipta |date=2021-04-09 |title=West Bengal Assembly Elections {{!}} Crucible of ISF, Bhangar reflects experiment in Muslim politics |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/crucible-of-isf-bhangore-reflects-experiment-in-muslim-politics/article34282381.ece |access-date=2021-05-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Secular Front ups ante on seats |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembky-elections-2021-indian-secular-front-ups-ante-on-seats/cid/1807005 |access-date=2021-05-12 |website=টেলিগ্রাফ ইন্ডিয়া}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ [[Indian National Congress|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Left Front (West Bengal)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[Sanjukta Morcha|ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=July 2024}} [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱡᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[Bhangar Assembly constituency|ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=একলা বিরোধী নওশাদের হাজিরায় স্পিকার নির্বাচন বিধানসভায় |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/isfs-Nawsad-siddiqui-is-the-only-opposition-mla-to-appear-in-the-speaker-election-dgtl/cid/1279940 |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=আনন্দবাজার পত্রিকা}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ, ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ}} [[Category:ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱑–᱒᱐᱒᱖]] [[Category:ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]] [[Category:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[Category:ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]] qtswtp0htn7fcpr2p3qnbigi4bqi5o3 191409 191407 2026-05-02T16:44:57Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = [[ᱯᱤᱨᱡᱟᱫᱟ]] | image = Nawsad Siddique ISF.jpg | caption = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ | office = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ | term_start = ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ | term_end = | predecessor = [[ᱟᱵᱽᱫᱩᱨ ᱨᱚᱡᱡᱟᱠ ᱢᱚᱞᱞᱟ]] | successor = | constituency = [[ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ|ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ]] | majority = ᱒᱖,᱑᱕᱑ | office1 = ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ | term_start1 = ᱙ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = ''ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ'' | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1993|5|2}} | birth_place = | portfolio = | committees = | cabinet = | profession = | relations = [[ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ) | alma_mater = [[ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] | party = [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] | spouse = | children = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = | module = {{Infobox religious biography | embed = yes | religion = [[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ]] | denomination = [[ᱥᱩᱱᱱᱤ]] | jurisprudence = [[ᱦᱟᱱᱟᱯᱷᱤ]] | Sufi_order = [[Furfura Sharif|ᱥᱤᱞᱥᱤᱞᱟ-ᱮ-ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ]] }} | parents = ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ (ᱵᱟᱵᱟ) | nickname = }} '''[[ᱯᱤᱨᱡᱟᱫᱟ]] ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱓) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] (ISF) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ|ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱯᱷ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ, ᱩᱱᱤ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[Bhangar Assembly constituency|ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Furfura Sharif|ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[Pir (Sufism)|ᱯᱤᱨ]] [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱵᱩ ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱭᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ == ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱨ ᱡᱩᱞᱯᱷᱤᱠᱚᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ "''ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱚ ᱦᱩᱡᱩᱨ''" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱵᱩ ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱭᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ [[ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=কে এই আব্বাস সিদ্দিকী, কীভাবে উত্থান, জানুন 'ভাইজানের' অজানা কাহিনি |url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/gallery/west-bengal-election/who-is-isf-leader-pirzada-bhaijaan-abbas-siddiqui-ahead-of-west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-spb-qpfr23/photoshow-wrur5k |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=asianetnews.com}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ [[ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Md. Nawsad Siddique - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=692 |access-date=2021-05-12 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> == ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱒᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Shiv Sahay |last2=Datta |first2=Sudipta |date=2021-04-09 |title=West Bengal Assembly Elections {{!}} Crucible of ISF, Bhangar reflects experiment in Muslim politics |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/crucible-of-isf-bhangore-reflects-experiment-in-muslim-politics/article34282381.ece |access-date=2021-05-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Secular Front ups ante on seats |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembky-elections-2021-indian-secular-front-ups-ante-on-seats/cid/1807005 |access-date=2021-05-12 |website=টেলিগ্রাফ ইন্ডিয়া}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ [[Indian National Congress|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Left Front (West Bengal)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[Sanjukta Morcha|ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=July 2024}} [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱡᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[Bhangar Assembly constituency|ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=একলা বিরোধী নওশাদের হাজিরায় স্পিকার নির্বাচন বিধানসভায় |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/isfs-Nawsad-siddiqui-is-the-only-opposition-mla-to-appear-in-the-speaker-election-dgtl/cid/1279940 |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=আনন্দবাজার পত্রিকা}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ, ᱱᱟᱣᱥᱟᱫᱽ}} [[Category:ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱑–᱒᱐᱒᱖]] [[Category:ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]] [[Category:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[Category:ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]] 3f0pebq1e2i23k9zt9b1ujwbhl3r7uf 191410 191409 2026-05-02T16:46:20Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = [[ᱯᱤᱨᱡᱟᱫᱟ]] | image = Nawsad Siddique ISF.jpg | caption = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ | office = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ | term_start = ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ | term_end = | predecessor = [[ᱟᱵᱽᱫᱩᱨ ᱨᱚᱡᱡᱟᱠ ᱢᱚᱞᱞᱟ]] | successor = | constituency = [[ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ|ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ]] | majority = ᱒᱖,᱑᱕᱑ | office1 = ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ | term_start1 = ᱙ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = ''ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ'' | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1993|5|2}} | birth_place = | portfolio = | committees = | cabinet = | profession = | relations = [[ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ) | alma_mater = [[ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] | party = [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] | spouse = | children = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = | module = {{Infobox religious biography | embed = yes | religion = [[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ]] | denomination = [[ᱥᱩᱱᱱᱤ]] | jurisprudence = [[ᱦᱟᱱᱟᱯᱷᱤ]] | Sufi_order = [[Furfura Sharif|ᱥᱤᱞᱥᱤᱞᱟ-ᱮ-ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ]] }} | parents = ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ (ᱵᱟᱵᱟ) | nickname = }} '''[[ᱯᱤᱨᱡᱟᱫᱟ]] ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱱᱚᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱓) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] (ISF) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ|ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱯᱷ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ, ᱩᱱᱤ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[Bhangar Assembly constituency|ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Furfura Sharif|ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[Pir (Sufism)|ᱯᱤᱨ]] [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱵᱩ ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱭᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ == ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱱᱚᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱨ ᱡᱩᱞᱯᱷᱤᱠᱚᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ "''ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱚ ᱦᱩᱡᱩᱨ''" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱵᱩ ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱭᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ [[ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=কে এই আব্বাস সিদ্দিকী, কীভাবে উত্থান, জানুন 'ভাইজানের' অজানা কাহিনি |url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/gallery/west-bengal-election/who-is-isf-leader-pirzada-bhaijaan-abbas-siddiqui-ahead-of-west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-spb-qpfr23/photoshow-wrur5k |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=asianetnews.com}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ [[ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Md. Nawsad Siddique - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=692 |access-date=2021-05-12 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> == ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱒᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Shiv Sahay |last2=Datta |first2=Sudipta |date=2021-04-09 |title=West Bengal Assembly Elections {{!}} Crucible of ISF, Bhangar reflects experiment in Muslim politics |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/crucible-of-isf-bhangore-reflects-experiment-in-muslim-politics/article34282381.ece |access-date=2021-05-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Secular Front ups ante on seats |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembky-elections-2021-indian-secular-front-ups-ante-on-seats/cid/1807005 |access-date=2021-05-12 |website=টেলিগ্রাফ ইন্ডিয়া}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ [[Indian National Congress|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Left Front (West Bengal)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[Sanjukta Morcha|ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=July 2024}} [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱡᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[Bhangar Assembly constituency|ᱵᱷᱟᱝᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱟ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=একলা বিরোধী নওশাদের হাজিরায় স্পিকার নির্বাচন বিধানসভায় |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/isfs-Nawsad-siddiqui-is-the-only-opposition-mla-to-appear-in-the-speaker-election-dgtl/cid/1279940 |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=আনন্দবাজার পত্রিকা}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ, ᱱᱚᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ}} [[Category:ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱑–᱒᱐᱒᱖]] [[Category:ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]] [[Category:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[Category:ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]] 4e5k07uuypa8tp5gekmwdlgtcqrsk3d 0 35796 191408 2026-05-02T16:42:01Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱱᱚᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 191408 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ᱱᱚᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] jnmwrlk6z8lo5ox32sj00cxqe35ezft 0 35797 191411 2026-05-02T16:54:31Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 "{{Short description| ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ}} {{Use dmy dates|date=ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱕}} {{Infobox Indian Political Party | party_name = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ) | party_logo = Jharkhand Party Naren.jpg | colorcode = {{party color|Jharkhand Party (Naren)}} | founder = [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] | leade..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description| ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ}} {{Use dmy dates|date=ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱕}} {{Infobox Indian Political Party | party_name = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ) | party_logo = Jharkhand Party Naren.jpg | colorcode = {{party color|Jharkhand Party (Naren)}} | founder = [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] | leader = [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] | secretary = | loksabha_leader = | rajyasabha_leader = | foundation = | dissolution = | merged = | split = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] | eci = ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ | alliance = {{ubl|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC+]] (᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱖, ᱒᱐᱒᱑-ᱱᱤᱛ)|[[National Democratic Alliance|ᱮᱱ.ᱰᱤ.ᱮ]] (᱒᱐᱐᱖)|[[United Progressive Alliance|ᱤᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮ]] (᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱖)|[[Indian National Congress|ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ]] (᱑᱙᱙᱘–᱒᱐᱐᱑)}} | position = | loksabha_seats = | rajyasabha_seats = | youth = | ideology = {{ubl|[[Adivasi|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ]]|[[Regionalism (politics)|ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]}} | colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Jharkhand Party (Naren)}}}} ᱟᱨᱟᱜ | headquarters = ᱡᱷᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ | publication = | symbol = | website = | abbreviation = ᱡᱮ.ᱠᱮ.ᱯᱤ(ᱮᱱ) }} '''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ)''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ, [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮ.ᱠᱮ.ᱯᱤ(ᱮᱱ) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/25wb.htm |title = Trinamul takes a beating in WB by-polls|date= 25 February 2000|accessdate=8 January 2020|website=rediff.com}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 19 October 2014}}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 1 November 2014}}</ref> ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 1 November 2014}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=a>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/midnapore/ম-ল-য়-নর-ন-হ-সদ-র-ন-ম-মঞ-চ-ঘ-র-জল-পন-1.296800|title=মেলায় নরেন হাঁসদার নামে মঞ্চ ঘিরে জল্পনা|date=30 January 2016|accessdate=8 January 2020|language=bn|website=Anandabazar Patrika }}</ref> ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱮᱨᱟ [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱵᱤᱱᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ]] ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.dailyjanakantha.com/details/article/336473/পার্বতীপুরে-ভারতীয়-চলচ্চিত্র-অভিনেত্রী-বীরবাহা-হাঁসদা/ |title=পার্বতীপুরে ভারতীয় চলচ্চিত্র অভিনেত্রী বীরবাহা হাঁসদা |date=25 March 2018 |accessdate=8 January 2020 |language=bn |website=Janakantha }}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/25wb.htm |title = Trinamul takes a beating in WB by-polls|date= 25 February 2000|accessdate=8 January 2020|website=rediff.com}}</ref> ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 19 October 2014}}</ref> == ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]] seq8wz2kobqsedlr4xy3wuvebxr5gr5 191412 191411 2026-05-02T16:58:32Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ */ 191412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description| ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ}} {{Use dmy dates|date=ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱕}} {{Infobox Indian Political Party | party_name = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ) | party_logo = Jharkhand Party Naren.jpg | colorcode = {{party color|Jharkhand Party (Naren)}} | founder = [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] | leader = [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] | secretary = | loksabha_leader = | rajyasabha_leader = | foundation = | dissolution = | merged = | split = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] | eci = ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ | alliance = {{ubl|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC+]] (᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱖, ᱒᱐᱒᱑-ᱱᱤᱛ)|[[National Democratic Alliance|ᱮᱱ.ᱰᱤ.ᱮ]] (᱒᱐᱐᱖)|[[United Progressive Alliance|ᱤᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮ]] (᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱖)|[[Indian National Congress|ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ]] (᱑᱙᱙᱘–᱒᱐᱐᱑)}} | position = | loksabha_seats = | rajyasabha_seats = | youth = | ideology = {{ubl|[[Adivasi|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ]]|[[Regionalism (politics)|ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]}} | colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Jharkhand Party (Naren)}}}} ᱟᱨᱟᱜ | headquarters = ᱡᱷᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ | publication = | symbol = | website = | abbreviation = ᱡᱮ.ᱠᱮ.ᱯᱤ(ᱮᱱ) }} '''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ)''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ, [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮ.ᱠᱮ.ᱯᱤ(ᱮᱱ) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/25wb.htm |title = Trinamul takes a beating in WB by-polls|date= 25 February 2000|accessdate=8 January 2020|website=rediff.com}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 19 October 2014}}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 1 November 2014}}</ref> ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 1 November 2014}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=a>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/midnapore/ম-ল-য়-নর-ন-হ-সদ-র-ন-ম-মঞ-চ-ঘ-র-জল-পন-1.296800|title=মেলায় নরেন হাঁসদার নামে মঞ্চ ঘিরে জল্পনা|date=30 January 2016|accessdate=8 January 2020|language=bn|website=Anandabazar Patrika }}</ref> ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱮᱨᱟ [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱵᱤᱱᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ]] ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.dailyjanakantha.com/details/article/336473/পার্বতীপুরে-ভারতীয়-চলচ্চিত্র-অভিনেত্রী-বীরবাহা-হাঁসদা/ |title=পার্বতীপুরে ভারতীয় চলচ্চিত্র অভিনেত্রী বীরবাহা হাঁসদা |date=25 March 2018 |accessdate=8 January 2020 |language=bn |website=Janakantha }}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/25wb.htm |title = Trinamul takes a beating in WB by-polls|date= 25 February 2000|accessdate=8 January 2020|website=rediff.com}}</ref> ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 19 October 2014}}</ref> == ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == === ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ === {{unreferenced section|date=ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱕}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ! ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ ! ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>ᱥᱤᱴ ! ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>ᱥᱤᱴ ! ᱜᱩᱴ <br/>ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ! ᱵᱷᱳᱴ <br/>% |- | [[1996 Indian general election|᱑᱙᱙᱖]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱙᱔,᱖᱕᱕ | ᱐.᱓% |- | [[1998 Indian general election|᱑᱙᱙᱘]] | [[Indian National Congress|ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ]] | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱑,᱘᱑,᱐᱑᱘ | ᱐.᱕% |- | [[1999 Indian general election|᱑᱙᱙᱙]] | [[Indian National Congress|ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ]] | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱑,᱐᱑,᱔᱔᱑ | ᱐.᱓% |- | [[2004 Indian general election|᱒᱐᱐᱔]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱓ | ᱐ | ᱖᱗,᱗᱘᱒ | ᱐.᱒% |- | [[2009 Indian general election|᱒᱐᱐᱙]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱖᱑,᱓᱐᱗ | ᱐.᱑% |- | [[2014 Indian general election|᱒᱐᱑᱔]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱑ | ᱐ | ᱗,᱖᱐᱘ | ᱐% |- | [[2019 Indian general election|᱒᱐᱑᱙]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱑ | ᱐ | ᱑᱑,᱒᱐᱔ | ᱐% |- | [[2024 Indian general election|᱒᱐᱒᱔]] |colspan="5"| ''ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ'' |} === ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ <br/>ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ! ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ ! ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>ᱥᱤᱴ ! ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>ᱥᱤᱴ ! ᱜᱩᱴ <br/>ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ! ᱵᱷᱳᱴ % ! {{Ref.}} |- | [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱑᱙᱙᱖]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱘ | ᱑ | ᱑,᱔᱕,᱕᱐᱓ | ᱐.᱔% | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/Stat_rep_WB_1996.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱐᱑]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱓ | ᱐ | ᱗,᱕᱔᱙ | ᱐.᱐% |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_rep_WB_2001.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 2001 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱐᱖]] | [[National Democratic Alliance|ᱮᱱ.ᱰᱤ.ᱮ]] | ᱔ | ᱑ | ᱑,᱐᱑,᱔᱙᱐ | ᱐.᱓% |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/Stat_rep_WB_2006.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 2006 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱑᱑]] | [[United Progressive Alliance|ᱤᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮ]] | ᱑ | ᱐ | ᱕᱓,᱑᱑᱘ | ᱐.᱑% |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2011/Stat_rep_WB_2011.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 2011 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱑᱖]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱕᱑,᱐᱙᱙ | ᱐.᱑% |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2016/Stat_rep_WB_2016.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 2016 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱒᱑]] |colspan="6"| ''ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ'' |} == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]] roy4t9ollu3ixj5rdr1y9twieylv0wl 191413 191412 2026-05-02T17:03:31Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description| ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ}} {{Use dmy dates|date=ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱕}} {{Infobox Indian Political Party | party_name = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ) | party_logo = Jharkhand Party Naren.jpg | colorcode = {{party color|Jharkhand Party (Naren)}} | founder = [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ]] | leader = [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] | secretary = | loksabha_leader = | rajyasabha_leader = | foundation = | dissolution = | merged = | split = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] | eci = ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ | alliance = {{ubl|[[ᱛᱤᱨᱱᱚᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ|TMC+]] (᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱖, ᱒᱐᱒᱑-ᱱᱤᱛ)|[[National Democratic Alliance|ᱮᱱ.ᱰᱤ.ᱮ]] (᱒᱐᱐᱖)|[[United Progressive Alliance|ᱤᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮ]] (᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱖)|[[Indian National Congress|ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ]] (᱑᱙᱙᱘–᱒᱐᱐᱑)}} | position = | loksabha_seats = | rajyasabha_seats = | youth = | ideology = {{ubl|[[Adivasi|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ]]|[[Regionalism (politics)|ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]}} | colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Jharkhand Party (Naren)}}}} ᱟᱨᱟᱜ | headquarters = ᱡᱷᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ | publication = | symbol = | website = | abbreviation = ᱡᱮ.ᱠᱮ.ᱯᱤ(ᱮᱱ) }} '''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ)''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ]] ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ, [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮ.ᱠᱮ.ᱯᱤ(ᱮᱱ) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/25wb.htm |title = Trinamul takes a beating in WB by-polls|date= 25 February 2000|accessdate=8 January 2020|website=rediff.com}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 19 October 2014}}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 1 November 2014}}</ref> ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 1 November 2014}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=a>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/midnapore/ম-ল-য়-নর-ন-হ-সদ-র-ন-ম-মঞ-চ-ঘ-র-জল-পন-1.296800|title=মেলায় নরেন হাঁসদার নামে মঞ্চ ঘিরে জল্পনা|date=30 January 2016|accessdate=8 January 2020|language=bn|website=Anandabazar Patrika }}</ref> ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱮᱨᱟ [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱵᱤᱱᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ]] ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.dailyjanakantha.com/details/article/336473/পার্বতীপুরে-ভারতীয়-চলচ্চিত্র-অভিনেত্রী-বীরবাহা-হাঁসদা/ |title=পার্বতীপুরে ভারতীয় চলচ্চিত্র অভিনেত্রী বীরবাহা হাঁসদা |date=25 March 2018 |accessdate=8 January 2020 |language=bn |website=Janakantha }}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/25wb.htm |title = Trinamul takes a beating in WB by-polls|date= 25 February 2000|accessdate=8 January 2020|website=rediff.com}}</ref> ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 19 October 2014}}</ref> == ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == === ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ === {{unreferenced section|date=ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱕}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ! ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ ! ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>ᱥᱤᱴ ! ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>ᱥᱤᱴ ! ᱜᱩᱴ <br/>ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ! ᱵᱷᱳᱴ <br/>% |- | [[1996 ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱑᱙᱙᱖]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱙᱔,᱖᱕᱕ | ᱐.᱓% |- | [[1998 ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱑᱙᱙᱘]] | [[Indian National Congress|ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ]] | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱑,᱘᱑,᱐᱑᱘ | ᱐.᱕% |- | [[1999 ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱑᱙᱙᱙]] | [[Indian National Congress|ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ]] | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱑,᱐᱑,᱔᱔᱑ | ᱐.᱓% |- | [[2004 ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱐᱔]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱓ | ᱐ | ᱖᱗,᱗᱘᱒ | ᱐.᱒% |- | [[2009 ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱐᱙]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱖᱑,᱓᱐᱗ | ᱐.᱑% |- | [[2014 ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱑᱔]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱑ | ᱐ | ᱗,᱖᱐᱘ | ᱐% |- | [[2019 ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱑᱙]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱑ | ᱐ | ᱑᱑,᱒᱐᱔ | ᱐% |- | [[2024 ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱔]] |colspan="5"| ''ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ'' |} === ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ <br/>ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ! ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ ! ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>ᱥᱤᱴ ! ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>ᱥᱤᱴ ! ᱜᱩᱴ <br/>ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ! ᱵᱷᱳᱴ % ! {{Ref.}} |- | [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱑᱙᱙᱖]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱘ | ᱑ | ᱑,᱔᱕,᱕᱐᱓ | ᱐.᱔% | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/Stat_rep_WB_1996.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱐᱑]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱓ | ᱐ | ᱗,᱕᱔᱙ | ᱐.᱐% |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_rep_WB_2001.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 2001 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱐᱖]] | [[National Democratic Alliance|ᱮᱱ.ᱰᱤ.ᱮ]] | ᱔ | ᱑ | ᱑,᱐᱑,᱔᱙᱐ | ᱐.᱓% |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/Stat_rep_WB_2006.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 2006 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱑᱑]] | [[United Progressive Alliance|ᱤᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮ]] | ᱑ | ᱐ | ᱕᱓,᱑᱑᱘ | ᱐.᱑% |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2011/Stat_rep_WB_2011.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 2011 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱑᱖]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱕᱑,᱐᱙᱙ | ᱐.᱑% |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2016/Stat_rep_WB_2016.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 2016 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱒᱑]] |colspan="6"| ''ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ'' |} == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]] 0bizud88jr0tv7tpih6a921nac89she 191414 191413 2026-05-02T17:04:27Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description| ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ}} {{Use dmy dates|date=ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱕}} {{Infobox Indian Political Party | party_name = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ) | party_logo = Jharkhand Party Naren.jpg | colorcode = {{party color|Jharkhand Party (Naren)}} | founder = [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ]] | leader = [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] | secretary = | loksabha_leader = | rajyasabha_leader = | foundation = | dissolution = | merged = | split = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] | eci = ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ | alliance = {{ubl|[[ᱛᱤᱨᱱᱚᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ|TMC+]] (᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱖, ᱒᱐᱒᱑-ᱱᱤᱛ)|[[National Democratic Alliance|ᱮᱱ.ᱰᱤ.ᱮ]] (᱒᱐᱐᱖)|[[United Progressive Alliance|ᱤᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮ]] (᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱖)|[[Indian National Congress|ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ]] (᱑᱙᱙᱘–᱒᱐᱐᱑)}} | position = | loksabha_seats = | rajyasabha_seats = | youth = | ideology = {{ubl|[[Adivasi|ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ]]|[[Regionalism (politics)|ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]}} | colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Jharkhand Party (Naren)}}}} ᱟᱨᱟᱜ | headquarters = ᱡᱷᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ | publication = | symbol = | website = | abbreviation = ᱡᱮ.ᱠᱮ.ᱯᱤ(ᱮᱱ) }} '''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ)''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ]] ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ, [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮ.ᱠᱮ.ᱯᱤ(ᱮᱱ) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/25wb.htm |title = Trinamul takes a beating in WB by-polls|date= 25 February 2000|accessdate=8 January 2020|website=rediff.com}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 19 October 2014}}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 1 November 2014}}</ref> ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱ) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 1 November 2014}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=a>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/midnapore/ম-ল-য়-নর-ন-হ-সদ-র-ন-ম-মঞ-চ-ঘ-র-জল-পন-1.296800|title=মেলায় নরেন হাঁসদার নামে মঞ্চ ঘিরে জল্পনা|date=30 January 2016|accessdate=8 January 2020|language=bn|website=Anandabazar Patrika }}</ref> ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱮᱨᱟ [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱵᱤᱱᱮᱴ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ]] ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.dailyjanakantha.com/details/article/336473/পার্বতীপুরে-ভারতীয়-চলচ্চিত্র-অভিনেত্রী-বীরবাহা-হাঁসদা/ |title=পার্বতীপুরে ভারতীয় চলচ্চিত্র অভিনেত্রী বীরবাহা হাঁসদা |date=25 March 2018 |accessdate=8 January 2020 |language=bn |website=Janakantha }}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[ᱪᱩᱱᱤᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ)|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/25wb.htm |title = Trinamul takes a beating in WB by-polls|date= 25 February 2000|accessdate=8 January 2020|website=rediff.com}}</ref> ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | accessdate = 19 October 2014}}</ref> == ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == === ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ === {{unreferenced section|date=ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱕}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ! ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ ! ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>ᱥᱤᱴ ! ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>ᱥᱤᱴ ! ᱜᱩᱴ <br/>ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ! ᱵᱷᱳᱴ <br/>% |- | [[᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱑᱙᱙᱖]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱙᱔,᱖᱕᱕ | ᱐.᱓% |- | [[᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱑᱙᱙᱘]] | [[Indian National Congress|ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ]] | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱑,᱘᱑,᱐᱑᱘ | ᱐.᱕% |- | [[᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱑᱙᱙᱙]] | [[Indian National Congress|ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ]] | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱑,᱐᱑,᱔᱔᱑ | ᱐.᱓% |- | [[᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱐᱔]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱓ | ᱐ | ᱖᱗,᱗᱘᱒ | ᱐.᱒% |- | [[᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱐᱙]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱖᱑,᱓᱐᱗ | ᱐.᱑% |- | [[᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱑᱔]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱑ | ᱐ | ᱗,᱖᱐᱘ | ᱐% |- | [[᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱑᱙]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱑ | ᱐ | ᱑᱑,᱒᱐᱔ | ᱐% |- | [[᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱔]] |colspan="5"| ''ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ'' |} === ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ <br/>ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ! ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ ! ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>ᱥᱤᱴ ! ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>ᱥᱤᱴ ! ᱜᱩᱴ <br/>ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ! ᱵᱷᱳᱴ % ! {{Ref.}} |- | [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱑᱙᱙᱖]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱘ | ᱑ | ᱑,᱔᱕,᱕᱐᱓ | ᱐.᱔% | <ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/Stat_rep_WB_1996.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱐᱑]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱓ | ᱐ | ᱗,᱕᱔᱙ | ᱐.᱐% |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_rep_WB_2001.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 2001 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱐᱖]] | [[National Democratic Alliance|ᱮᱱ.ᱰᱤ.ᱮ]] | ᱔ | ᱑ | ᱑,᱐᱑,᱔᱙᱐ | ᱐.᱓% |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/Stat_rep_WB_2006.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 2006 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱑᱑]] | [[United Progressive Alliance|ᱤᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮ]] | ᱑ | ᱐ | ᱕᱓,᱑᱑᱘ | ᱐.᱑% |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2011/Stat_rep_WB_2011.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 2011 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱑᱖]] | ''ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ'' | ᱒ | ᱐ | ᱕᱑,᱐᱙᱙ | ᱐.᱑% |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2016/Stat_rep_WB_2016.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 2016 to The Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref> |- | [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|᱒᱐᱒᱑]] |colspan="6"| ''ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ'' |} == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} [[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]] elhzbj88lyucxxnrq0tlorotfh9mjhl 14 35798 191415 2026-05-03T03:50:08Z MT731 2184 "[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ |ᱥᱤ]]" ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191415 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ |ᱥᱤ]] fh6o2vt2ttw49ucl2itb52x3im0zh1t 14 35799 191416 2026-05-03T04:03:31Z MT731 2184 "[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ|ᱠᱚᱴᱚᱠ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ|ᱠᱚᱴᱚᱠ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱴᱚᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]" ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191416 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ|ᱠᱚᱴᱚᱠ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ|ᱠᱚᱴᱚᱠ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱴᱚᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] 02zbi4h4effyco60m7dcc039lgzgqnn 14 35800 191417 2026-05-03T04:28:08Z MT731 2184 ":'''ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ''', ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[:ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ/ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠ..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191417 wikitext text/x-wiki :'''ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ''', ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[:ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ/ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ {{commons category|ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ|ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ|ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]] tangh3g6ppiu4xr92mwegxxlu3k7ykz 0 35801 191418 2026-05-03T04:34:55Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191418 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱠᱩ''' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ [[ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ, ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱠᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱠᱩ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ]], [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱜᱩᱡᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱟᱲᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱟᱲᱣᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱱᱵᱷᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ (ᱟᱵᱩᱡᱷ ᱢᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱨᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱠᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ 'ᱠᱳᱰᱣᱟ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ 'ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ' ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Behera |first=Gangadhar |title=A Sociolinguistic Profile of Korwa and Kodaku Tribes in Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, India |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/03/86/13038659512317049919318473837327540493/JLSR2022_014.pdf |access-date=11 September 2023}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == <references/> {{ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] 2wkm5xsmu04le95kf046aw9lcay7oe5 0 35802 191420 2026-05-03T06:52:45Z MT731 2184 "{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱘᱐)}} {{Infobox cricketer | name = ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ | image = | fullname = ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|5|22|df=yes}} | birth_place = ᱮᱨᱱᱟᱠᱩ..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱘᱐)}} {{Infobox cricketer | name = ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ | image = | fullname = ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|5|22|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[ᱮᱨᱱᱟᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ]], [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] | death_date = | death_place = | batting = | bowling = | role = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ-ᱛᱤᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱴᱥᱢᱮᱱ<br>ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ<br>ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱪ | family = | club1 = | year1 = | clubnumber1 = | club2 = | year2 = | clubnumber2 = | date = ᱗ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ | source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/27681.html Cricinfo }} '''ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ''', ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱔᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/27681.html|title=Prasanth Chandran|accessdate=7 February 2021|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢ.ᱟᱨ.ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱯᱮᱥ ᱯᱷᱟᱶᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱗᱙ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱳᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱸᱵᱽᱞᱤ]], [[ᱣᱟᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱟᱯᱷᱚᱨ]], [[ᱥᱟᱭᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱦᱩᱛᱩᱞᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱢᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱣᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱨᱚᱬᱡᱤ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱠᱮᱰᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱑ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱗ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱩᱯᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vaidyanathan |first1=Siddhartha |title=Munaf and Powar destroy Kerala |url=https://www.espn.in/cricket/story/_/id/23163231/munaf-powar-destroy-kerala |access-date=7 February 2021 |publisher=[[Cricinfo.com]] |date=12 December 2003}}</ref> ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢ.ᱟᱨ.ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱯᱮᱥ ᱯᱷᱟᱶᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ajith Kumar |first1=P.K. |title=Prasanth Chandran: Sandeep Warrier, Basil Thampi bowling well for Kerala |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/prasanth-chandran-mrf-pace-foundation-sandeep-warrier-basil-thampi-kerala/article26195365.ece |access-date=7 February 2021 |publisher=[[The Sportstar]] |date=6 February 2019}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * {{ESPNcricinfo|id=27681}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ, ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] opv6nparqswxb0svarbxnld05kamujt 0 35803 191424 2026-05-03T09:58:57Z MT731 2184 "{{Short description|ᱮᱢᱤᱨᱮᱴᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱘᱔)}} {{Infobox cricketer | name = ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ | image = | country = ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱮᱢᱤᱨᱮᱴᱥ | fullname = ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱴᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ | n..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱮᱢᱤᱨᱮᱴᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱘᱔)}} {{Infobox cricketer | name = ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ | image = | country = ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱮᱢᱤᱨᱮᱴᱥ | fullname = ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱴᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ | nickname= ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱴᱮ | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|8|24|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[ᱠᱳᱞᱞᱮᱸᱜᱳᱰᱮ, ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟᱰ|ᱠᱳᱞᱞᱮᱸᱜᱳᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | heightft = | heightinch = | heightm = | batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ-ᱛᱤᱛᱮ | bowling = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ-ᱛᱤ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ | role = ᱚᱞᱞᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱚᱨ | international = ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ | odidebutdate = ᱒ ᱢᱮ | odidebutyear = ᱒᱐᱑᱔ | odidebutagainst = ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ | odicap = 50 | lastodidate = ᱑᱔ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ | lastodiyear = ᱒᱐᱑᱖ | lastodiagainst = ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱞᱟᱸᱰ | odishirt = 36 | club1 = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱭᱩ᱑᱙]] | year1 = ᱒᱐᱐᱒–᱒᱐᱐᱓ | club4 = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] | year4 = ᱒᱐᱐᱗–᱒᱐᱐᱘ | columns = 3 | column1 = [[ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ|ᱳᱰᱤ]] | matches1 = 12 | runs1 = 134 | bat avg1 = 16.75 | 100s/50s1 = 0/0 | top score1 = 43 | deliveries1 = 418 | wickets1 = 7 | bowl avg1 = 61.57 | fivefor1 = 0 | tenfor1 = 0 | best bowling1 = 3/45 | catches/stumpings1 = 5/– | column2 = ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ | matches2 = 21 | runs2 = 374 | bat avg2 = 26.71 | 100s/50s2 = 0/3 | top score2 = 52[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]] | deliveries2 = 642 | wickets2 = 13 | bowl avg2 = 48.38 | fivefor2 = 0 | tenfor2 = 0 | best bowling2 = 3/45 | catches/stumpings2 = 7/– | column3 = ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ | matches3 = 1 | runs3 = 5 | bat avg3 = 5 | 100s/50s3 = 0/0 | top score3 = 5 | deliveries3 = 12 | wickets3 = 0 | bowl avg3 = – | fivefor3 = – | tenfor3 = – | best bowling3 = – | catches/stumpings3 = ᱑/– | date = ᱒᱗ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/290645.html ESPNcricinfo }} '''ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱔ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱘᱔), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱴᱮ''' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="ODI">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/290645.html |title=Krishna Chandran |access-date=28 November 2014 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱮᱢᱤᱨᱮᱴᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralacricketassociation.com/?p=3876|title=Karate Krishna Chandran: The First Keralite in UAE team|work= [[Kerala Cricket Association]]|access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * {{ESPNcricinfo|id=290645}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ, ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱘᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱮᱢᱤᱨᱮᱴᱥ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱮᱢᱤᱨᱮᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱮᱢᱤᱨᱮᱴᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] kix90q1oc59e3ehnyct6qgorau8m6eq